[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":164059},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2292},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2284,"extension":2285,"meta":2286,"navigation":2287,"path":2288,"seo":2289,"stem":2290,"__hash__":2291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2248},"minimark",[9,13,21,27,32,144,154,158,163,166,217,220,303,309,313,316,349,352,371,373,447,450,469,473,476,513,516,585,663,737,743,747,754,757,774,777,779,843,846,872,878,882,885,955,958,977,983,1059,1062,1066,1072,1077,1082,1152,1156,1161,1235,1239,1242,1320,1332,1336,1341,1431,1436,1504,1507,1527,1538,1542,1545,1550,1553,1615,1618,1629,1634,1637,1640,1645,1648,1651,1655,1658,1664,1667,1678,1680,1742,1758,1764,1767,1770,1781,1792,1798,1801,1803,1865,1875,1881,1886,1892,1896,1902,1905,1926,1930,1936,1964,1967,1996,1999,2039,2042,2080,2083,2144,2147,2151,2155,2158,2162,2168,2177,2185,2189,2192,2196,2202,2206,2244],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-open-function-explained",[14,15,16,20],"p",{},[17,18,19],"code",{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,22,23,24,26],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[17,25,19],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[28,29,31],"h2",{"id":30},"quick-example","Quick example",[33,34,39],"pre",{"className":35,"code":36,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n","python","",[17,40,41,109,130],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43,46,50,54,58,62,66,68,71,74,77,79,81,85,89,91,94,96,99,102,106],"span",{"class":44,"line":45},"line",1,[42,47,49],{"class":48},"sVHd0","with",[42,51,53],{"class":52},"sptTA"," open",[42,55,57],{"class":56},"sP7_E","(",[42,59,61],{"class":60},"sjJ54","\"",[42,63,65],{"class":64},"s_sjI","example.txt",[42,67,61],{"class":60},[42,69,70],{"class":56},",",[42,72,73],{"class":60}," \"",[42,75,76],{"class":64},"r",[42,78,61],{"class":60},[42,80,70],{"class":56},[42,82,84],{"class":83},"s99_P"," encoding",[42,86,88],{"class":87},"smGrS","=",[42,90,61],{"class":60},[42,92,93],{"class":64},"utf-8",[42,95,61],{"class":60},[42,97,98],{"class":56},")",[42,100,101],{"class":48}," as",[42,103,105],{"class":104},"sMMDD"," file",[42,107,108],{"class":56},":\n",[42,110,112,116,118,120,123,127],{"class":44,"line":111},2,[42,113,115],{"class":114},"su5hD","    content ",[42,117,88],{"class":87},[42,119,105],{"class":104},[42,121,122],{"class":56},".",[42,124,126],{"class":125},"slqww","read",[42,128,129],{"class":56},"()\n",[42,131,133,136,138,141],{"class":44,"line":132},3,[42,134,135],{"class":52},"    print",[42,137,57],{"class":56},[42,139,140],{"class":125},"content",[42,142,143],{"class":56},")\n",[14,145,146,147,149,150,153],{},"Use ",[17,148,49],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[17,151,152],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[28,155,157],{"id":156},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,159,160,162],{},[17,161,19],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,164,165],{},"Important points:",[167,168,169,173,181,187],"ul",{},[170,171,172],"li",{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[170,174,175,176,180],{},"It does ",[177,178,179],"strong",{},"not"," read or write anything by itself",[170,182,183,184],{},"It returns a ",[177,185,186],{},"file object",[170,188,189,190],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[167,191,192,197,202,207,212],{},[170,193,194],{},[17,195,196],{},"read()",[170,198,199],{},[17,200,201],{},"readline()",[170,203,204],{},[17,205,206],{},"readlines()",[170,208,209],{},[17,210,211],{},"write()",[170,213,214],{},[17,215,216],{},"close()",[14,218,219],{},"Example:",[33,221,223],{"className":35,"code":222,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[17,224,225,265,280,291],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,226,227,230,233,235,237,239,241,243,245,247,249,251,253,255,257,259,261,263],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,228,229],{"class":104},"file",[42,231,232],{"class":87}," =",[42,234,53],{"class":52},[42,236,57],{"class":56},[42,238,61],{"class":60},[42,240,65],{"class":64},[42,242,61],{"class":60},[42,244,70],{"class":56},[42,246,73],{"class":60},[42,248,76],{"class":64},[42,250,61],{"class":60},[42,252,70],{"class":56},[42,254,84],{"class":83},[42,256,88],{"class":87},[42,258,61],{"class":60},[42,260,93],{"class":64},[42,262,61],{"class":60},[42,264,143],{"class":56},[42,266,267,270,272,274,276,278],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,268,269],{"class":114},"content ",[42,271,88],{"class":87},[42,273,105],{"class":104},[42,275,122],{"class":56},[42,277,126],{"class":125},[42,279,129],{"class":56},[42,281,282,285,287,289],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,283,284],{"class":52},"print",[42,286,57],{"class":56},[42,288,140],{"class":125},[42,290,143],{"class":56},[42,292,294,296,298,301],{"class":44,"line":293},4,[42,295,229],{"class":104},[42,297,122],{"class":56},[42,299,300],{"class":125},"close",[42,302,129],{"class":56},[14,304,305,306,308],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[17,307,49],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[28,310,312],{"id":311},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,314,315],{},"A common form is:",[33,317,319],{"className":35,"code":318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[17,320,321],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,322,323,326,328,330,332,335,337,339,341,343,345,347],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,324,325],{"class":52},"open",[42,327,57],{"class":56},[42,329,229],{"class":104},[42,331,70],{"class":56},[42,333,334],{"class":125}," mode",[42,336,70],{"class":56},[42,338,84],{"class":83},[42,340,88],{"class":87},[42,342,61],{"class":60},[42,344,93],{"class":64},[42,346,61],{"class":60},[42,348,143],{"class":56},[14,350,351],{},"Here is what each part means:",[167,353,354,359,365],{},[170,355,356,358],{},[17,357,229],{}," is the file name or file path",[170,360,361,364],{},[17,362,363],{},"mode"," controls how the file is opened",[170,366,367,370],{},[17,368,369],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,372,219],{},[33,374,376],{"className":35,"code":375,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[17,377,378,421,436],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,379,380,382,384,386,388,391,393,395,397,399,401,403,405,407,409,411,413,415,417,419],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,381,49],{"class":48},[42,383,53],{"class":52},[42,385,57],{"class":56},[42,387,61],{"class":60},[42,389,390],{"class":64},"notes.txt",[42,392,61],{"class":60},[42,394,70],{"class":56},[42,396,73],{"class":60},[42,398,76],{"class":64},[42,400,61],{"class":60},[42,402,70],{"class":56},[42,404,84],{"class":83},[42,406,88],{"class":87},[42,408,61],{"class":60},[42,410,93],{"class":64},[42,412,61],{"class":60},[42,414,98],{"class":56},[42,416,101],{"class":48},[42,418,105],{"class":104},[42,420,108],{"class":56},[42,422,423,426,428,430,432,434],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,424,425],{"class":114},"    text ",[42,427,88],{"class":87},[42,429,105],{"class":104},[42,431,122],{"class":56},[42,433,126],{"class":125},[42,435,129],{"class":56},[42,437,438,440,442,445],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,439,135],{"class":52},[42,441,57],{"class":56},[42,443,444],{"class":125},"text",[42,446,143],{"class":56},[14,448,449],{},"In this example:",[167,451,452,458,463],{},[170,453,454,457],{},[17,455,456],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[170,459,460,462],{},[17,461,152],{}," means open for reading",[170,464,465,468],{},[17,466,467],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[28,470,472],{"id":471},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,474,475],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[167,477,478,483,489,495,501,507],{},[170,479,480,482],{},[17,481,152],{}," = read a text file",[170,484,485,488],{},[17,486,487],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[170,490,491,494],{},[17,492,493],{},"\"a\""," = append text to the end of a file",[170,496,497,500],{},[17,498,499],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[170,502,503,506],{},[17,504,505],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[170,508,509,512],{},[17,510,511],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,514,515],{},"Examples:",[33,517,519],{"className":35,"code":518,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,520,521,527,570],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,522,523],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,524,526],{"class":525},"sutJx","# Read a text file\n",[42,528,529,531,533,535,537,540,542,544,546,548,550,552,554,556,558,560,562,564,566,568],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,530,49],{"class":48},[42,532,53],{"class":52},[42,534,57],{"class":56},[42,536,61],{"class":60},[42,538,539],{"class":64},"data.txt",[42,541,61],{"class":60},[42,543,70],{"class":56},[42,545,73],{"class":60},[42,547,76],{"class":64},[42,549,61],{"class":60},[42,551,70],{"class":56},[42,553,84],{"class":83},[42,555,88],{"class":87},[42,557,61],{"class":60},[42,559,93],{"class":64},[42,561,61],{"class":60},[42,563,98],{"class":56},[42,565,101],{"class":48},[42,567,105],{"class":104},[42,569,108],{"class":56},[42,571,572,574,576,578,580,582],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,573,135],{"class":52},[42,575,57],{"class":56},[42,577,229],{"class":104},[42,579,122],{"class":56},[42,581,126],{"class":125},[42,583,584],{"class":56},"())\n",[33,586,588],{"className":35,"code":587,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[17,589,590,595,638],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,591,592],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,593,594],{"class":525},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[42,596,597,599,601,603,605,607,609,611,613,616,618,620,622,624,626,628,630,632,634,636],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,598,49],{"class":48},[42,600,53],{"class":52},[42,602,57],{"class":56},[42,604,61],{"class":60},[42,606,539],{"class":64},[42,608,61],{"class":60},[42,610,70],{"class":56},[42,612,73],{"class":60},[42,614,615],{"class":64},"w",[42,617,61],{"class":60},[42,619,70],{"class":56},[42,621,84],{"class":83},[42,623,88],{"class":87},[42,625,61],{"class":60},[42,627,93],{"class":64},[42,629,61],{"class":60},[42,631,98],{"class":56},[42,633,101],{"class":48},[42,635,105],{"class":104},[42,637,108],{"class":56},[42,639,640,643,645,648,650,652,655,659,661],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,641,642],{"class":104},"    file",[42,644,122],{"class":56},[42,646,647],{"class":125},"write",[42,649,57],{"class":56},[42,651,61],{"class":60},[42,653,654],{"class":64},"Hello",[42,656,658],{"class":657},"s_hVV","\\n",[42,660,61],{"class":60},[42,662,143],{"class":56},[33,664,666],{"className":35,"code":665,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[17,667,668,673,716],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,669,670],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,671,672],{"class":525},"# Append to a text file\n",[42,674,675,677,679,681,683,685,687,689,691,694,696,698,700,702,704,706,708,710,712,714],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,676,49],{"class":48},[42,678,53],{"class":52},[42,680,57],{"class":56},[42,682,61],{"class":60},[42,684,539],{"class":64},[42,686,61],{"class":60},[42,688,70],{"class":56},[42,690,73],{"class":60},[42,692,693],{"class":64},"a",[42,695,61],{"class":60},[42,697,70],{"class":56},[42,699,84],{"class":83},[42,701,88],{"class":87},[42,703,61],{"class":60},[42,705,93],{"class":64},[42,707,61],{"class":60},[42,709,98],{"class":56},[42,711,101],{"class":48},[42,713,105],{"class":104},[42,715,108],{"class":56},[42,717,718,720,722,724,726,728,731,733,735],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,719,642],{"class":104},[42,721,122],{"class":56},[42,723,647],{"class":125},[42,725,57],{"class":56},[42,727,61],{"class":60},[42,729,730],{"class":64},"Another line",[42,732,658],{"class":657},[42,734,61],{"class":60},[42,736,143],{"class":56},[14,738,739,740,742],{},"Be careful with ",[17,741,487],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[28,744,746],{"id":745},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,748,749,751,752,122],{},[17,750,19],{}," returns a ",[177,753,186],{},[14,755,756],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[167,758,759,764,769],{},[170,760,761],{},[17,762,763],{},"file.read()",[170,765,766],{},[17,767,768],{},"file.write()",[170,770,771],{},[17,772,773],{},"file.close()",[14,775,776],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,778,219],{},[33,780,782],{"className":35,"code":781,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[17,783,784,826],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,785,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,808,810,812,814,816,818,820,822,824],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,787,49],{"class":48},[42,789,53],{"class":52},[42,791,57],{"class":56},[42,793,61],{"class":60},[42,795,65],{"class":64},[42,797,61],{"class":60},[42,799,70],{"class":56},[42,801,73],{"class":60},[42,803,76],{"class":64},[42,805,61],{"class":60},[42,807,70],{"class":56},[42,809,84],{"class":83},[42,811,88],{"class":87},[42,813,61],{"class":60},[42,815,93],{"class":64},[42,817,61],{"class":60},[42,819,98],{"class":56},[42,821,101],{"class":48},[42,823,105],{"class":104},[42,825,108],{"class":56},[42,827,828,830,832,836,838,840],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,829,135],{"class":52},[42,831,57],{"class":56},[42,833,835],{"class":834},"sZMiF","type",[42,837,57],{"class":56},[42,839,229],{"class":104},[42,841,842],{"class":56},"))\n",[14,844,845],{},"Possible output:",[33,847,849],{"className":35,"code":848,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[17,850,851],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,852,853,856,860,863,866,869],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,854,855],{"class":87},"\u003C",[42,857,859],{"class":858},"sbsja","class",[42,861,862],{"class":60}," '",[42,864,865],{"class":64},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[42,867,868],{"class":60},"'",[42,870,871],{"class":87},">\n",[14,873,874,875,877],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[17,876,19],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[28,879,881],{"id":880},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,883,884],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[33,886,887],{"className":35,"code":36,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,888,889,931,945],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,890,891,893,895,897,899,901,903,905,907,909,911,913,915,917,919,921,923,925,927,929],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,892,49],{"class":48},[42,894,53],{"class":52},[42,896,57],{"class":56},[42,898,61],{"class":60},[42,900,65],{"class":64},[42,902,61],{"class":60},[42,904,70],{"class":56},[42,906,73],{"class":60},[42,908,76],{"class":64},[42,910,61],{"class":60},[42,912,70],{"class":56},[42,914,84],{"class":83},[42,916,88],{"class":87},[42,918,61],{"class":60},[42,920,93],{"class":64},[42,922,61],{"class":60},[42,924,98],{"class":56},[42,926,101],{"class":48},[42,928,105],{"class":104},[42,930,108],{"class":56},[42,932,933,935,937,939,941,943],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,934,115],{"class":114},[42,936,88],{"class":87},[42,938,105],{"class":104},[42,940,122],{"class":56},[42,942,126],{"class":125},[42,944,129],{"class":56},[42,946,947,949,951,953],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,948,135],{"class":52},[42,950,57],{"class":56},[42,952,140],{"class":125},[42,954,143],{"class":56},[14,956,957],{},"Why this is recommended:",[167,959,960,965,971,974],{},[170,961,962,964],{},[17,963,49],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[170,966,967,968,970],{},"It is safer than calling ",[17,969,216],{}," yourself",[170,972,973],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[170,975,976],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,978,979,980,982],{},"Without ",[17,981,49],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[33,984,985],{"className":35,"code":222,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,986,987,1025,1039,1049],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,988,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,990,229],{"class":104},[42,992,232],{"class":87},[42,994,53],{"class":52},[42,996,57],{"class":56},[42,998,61],{"class":60},[42,1000,65],{"class":64},[42,1002,61],{"class":60},[42,1004,70],{"class":56},[42,1006,73],{"class":60},[42,1008,76],{"class":64},[42,1010,61],{"class":60},[42,1012,70],{"class":56},[42,1014,84],{"class":83},[42,1016,88],{"class":87},[42,1018,61],{"class":60},[42,1020,93],{"class":64},[42,1022,61],{"class":60},[42,1024,143],{"class":56},[42,1026,1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1028,269],{"class":114},[42,1030,88],{"class":87},[42,1032,105],{"class":104},[42,1034,122],{"class":56},[42,1036,126],{"class":125},[42,1038,129],{"class":56},[42,1040,1041,1043,1045,1047],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,1042,284],{"class":52},[42,1044,57],{"class":56},[42,1046,140],{"class":125},[42,1048,143],{"class":56},[42,1050,1051,1053,1055,1057],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,1052,229],{"class":104},[42,1054,122],{"class":56},[42,1056,300],{"class":125},[42,1058,129],{"class":56},[14,1060,1061],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[28,1063,1065],{"id":1064},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,1067,1068,1069,1071],{},"Use mode ",[17,1070,152],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1073,1074,1076],"h3",{"id":1075},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,1078,1079,1081],{},[17,1080,196],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[33,1083,1084],{"className":35,"code":36,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,1085,1086,1128,1142],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1087,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1089,49],{"class":48},[42,1091,53],{"class":52},[42,1093,57],{"class":56},[42,1095,61],{"class":60},[42,1097,65],{"class":64},[42,1099,61],{"class":60},[42,1101,70],{"class":56},[42,1103,73],{"class":60},[42,1105,76],{"class":64},[42,1107,61],{"class":60},[42,1109,70],{"class":56},[42,1111,84],{"class":83},[42,1113,88],{"class":87},[42,1115,61],{"class":60},[42,1117,93],{"class":64},[42,1119,61],{"class":60},[42,1121,98],{"class":56},[42,1123,101],{"class":48},[42,1125,105],{"class":104},[42,1127,108],{"class":56},[42,1129,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1131,115],{"class":114},[42,1133,88],{"class":87},[42,1135,105],{"class":104},[42,1137,122],{"class":56},[42,1139,126],{"class":125},[42,1141,129],{"class":56},[42,1143,1144,1146,1148,1150],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,1145,135],{"class":52},[42,1147,57],{"class":56},[42,1149,140],{"class":125},[42,1151,143],{"class":56},[1073,1153,1155],{"id":1154},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,1157,1158,1160],{},[17,1159,201],{}," reads one line at a time.",[33,1162,1164],{"className":35,"code":1163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[17,1165,1166,1208,1224],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1167,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1169,49],{"class":48},[42,1171,53],{"class":52},[42,1173,57],{"class":56},[42,1175,61],{"class":60},[42,1177,65],{"class":64},[42,1179,61],{"class":60},[42,1181,70],{"class":56},[42,1183,73],{"class":60},[42,1185,76],{"class":64},[42,1187,61],{"class":60},[42,1189,70],{"class":56},[42,1191,84],{"class":83},[42,1193,88],{"class":87},[42,1195,61],{"class":60},[42,1197,93],{"class":64},[42,1199,61],{"class":60},[42,1201,98],{"class":56},[42,1203,101],{"class":48},[42,1205,105],{"class":104},[42,1207,108],{"class":56},[42,1209,1210,1213,1215,1217,1219,1222],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1211,1212],{"class":114},"    first_line ",[42,1214,88],{"class":87},[42,1216,105],{"class":104},[42,1218,122],{"class":56},[42,1220,1221],{"class":125},"readline",[42,1223,129],{"class":56},[42,1225,1226,1228,1230,1233],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,1227,135],{"class":52},[42,1229,57],{"class":56},[42,1231,1232],{"class":125},"first_line",[42,1234,143],{"class":56},[1073,1236,1238],{"id":1237},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,1240,1241],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[33,1243,1245],{"className":35,"code":1244,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[17,1246,1247,1289,1304],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1248,1249,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1250,49],{"class":48},[42,1252,53],{"class":52},[42,1254,57],{"class":56},[42,1256,61],{"class":60},[42,1258,65],{"class":64},[42,1260,61],{"class":60},[42,1262,70],{"class":56},[42,1264,73],{"class":60},[42,1266,76],{"class":64},[42,1268,61],{"class":60},[42,1270,70],{"class":56},[42,1272,84],{"class":83},[42,1274,88],{"class":87},[42,1276,61],{"class":60},[42,1278,93],{"class":64},[42,1280,61],{"class":60},[42,1282,98],{"class":56},[42,1284,101],{"class":48},[42,1286,105],{"class":104},[42,1288,108],{"class":56},[42,1290,1291,1294,1297,1300,1302],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1292,1293],{"class":48},"    for",[42,1295,1296],{"class":114}," line ",[42,1298,1299],{"class":48},"in",[42,1301,105],{"class":104},[42,1303,108],{"class":56},[42,1305,1306,1309,1311,1313,1315,1318],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,1307,1308],{"class":52},"        print",[42,1310,57],{"class":56},[42,1312,44],{"class":125},[42,1314,122],{"class":56},[42,1316,1317],{"class":125},"strip",[42,1319,584],{"class":56},[14,1321,1322,1323,1327,1328,122],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[693,1324,1326],{"href":1325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python"," or ",[693,1329,1331],{"href":1330},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[28,1333,1335],{"id":1334},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,1337,146,1338,1340],{},[17,1339,487],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[33,1342,1344],{"className":35,"code":1343,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[17,1345,1346,1389,1410],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1347,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1349,49],{"class":48},[42,1351,53],{"class":52},[42,1353,57],{"class":56},[42,1355,61],{"class":60},[42,1357,1358],{"class":64},"output.txt",[42,1360,61],{"class":60},[42,1362,70],{"class":56},[42,1364,73],{"class":60},[42,1366,615],{"class":64},[42,1368,61],{"class":60},[42,1370,70],{"class":56},[42,1372,84],{"class":83},[42,1374,88],{"class":87},[42,1376,61],{"class":60},[42,1378,93],{"class":64},[42,1380,61],{"class":60},[42,1382,98],{"class":56},[42,1384,101],{"class":48},[42,1386,105],{"class":104},[42,1388,108],{"class":56},[42,1390,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399,1401,1404,1406,1408],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1392,642],{"class":104},[42,1394,122],{"class":56},[42,1396,647],{"class":125},[42,1398,57],{"class":56},[42,1400,61],{"class":60},[42,1402,1403],{"class":64},"First line",[42,1405,658],{"class":657},[42,1407,61],{"class":60},[42,1409,143],{"class":56},[42,1411,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1425,1427,1429],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,1413,642],{"class":104},[42,1415,122],{"class":56},[42,1417,647],{"class":125},[42,1419,57],{"class":56},[42,1421,61],{"class":60},[42,1423,1424],{"class":64},"Second line",[42,1426,658],{"class":657},[42,1428,61],{"class":60},[42,1430,143],{"class":56},[14,1432,146,1433,1435],{},[17,1434,493],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[33,1437,1439],{"className":35,"code":1438,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[17,1440,1441,1483],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1442,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1444,49],{"class":48},[42,1446,53],{"class":52},[42,1448,57],{"class":56},[42,1450,61],{"class":60},[42,1452,1358],{"class":64},[42,1454,61],{"class":60},[42,1456,70],{"class":56},[42,1458,73],{"class":60},[42,1460,693],{"class":64},[42,1462,61],{"class":60},[42,1464,70],{"class":56},[42,1466,84],{"class":83},[42,1468,88],{"class":87},[42,1470,61],{"class":60},[42,1472,93],{"class":64},[42,1474,61],{"class":60},[42,1476,98],{"class":56},[42,1478,101],{"class":48},[42,1480,105],{"class":104},[42,1482,108],{"class":56},[42,1484,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1498,1500,1502],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1486,642],{"class":104},[42,1488,122],{"class":56},[42,1490,647],{"class":125},[42,1492,57],{"class":56},[42,1494,61],{"class":60},[42,1496,1497],{"class":64},"Third line",[42,1499,658],{"class":657},[42,1501,61],{"class":60},[42,1503,143],{"class":56},[14,1505,1506],{},"Important detail:",[167,1508,1509,1514,1522],{},[170,1510,1511,1513],{},[17,1512,211],{}," writes a string",[170,1515,1516,1518,1519,1521],{},[17,1517,211],{}," does ",[177,1520,179],{}," add a newline for you",[170,1523,1524,1525,970],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[17,1526,658],{},[14,1528,1529,1530,1327,1534,122],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[693,1531,1533],{"href":1532},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[693,1535,1537],{"href":1536},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[28,1539,1541],{"id":1540},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,1543,1544],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1073,1546,1548],{"id":1547},"encodingutf-8",[17,1549,467],{},[14,1551,1552],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[33,1554,1556],{"className":35,"code":1555,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,1557,1558,1601],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1559,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1561,49],{"class":48},[42,1563,53],{"class":52},[42,1565,57],{"class":56},[42,1567,61],{"class":60},[42,1569,1570],{"class":64},"message.txt",[42,1572,61],{"class":60},[42,1574,70],{"class":56},[42,1576,73],{"class":60},[42,1578,76],{"class":64},[42,1580,61],{"class":60},[42,1582,70],{"class":56},[42,1584,84],{"class":83},[42,1586,88],{"class":87},[42,1588,61],{"class":60},[42,1590,93],{"class":64},[42,1592,61],{"class":60},[42,1594,98],{"class":56},[42,1596,101],{"class":48},[42,1598,105],{"class":104},[42,1600,108],{"class":56},[42,1602,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1604,135],{"class":52},[42,1606,57],{"class":56},[42,1608,229],{"class":104},[42,1610,122],{"class":56},[42,1612,126],{"class":125},[42,1614,584],{"class":56},[14,1616,1617],{},"Why it matters:",[167,1619,1620,1623,1626],{},[170,1621,1622],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[170,1624,1625],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[170,1627,1628],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1073,1630,1632],{"id":1631},"newline",[17,1633,1631],{},[14,1635,1636],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,1638,1639],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1073,1641,1643],{"id":1642},"buffering",[17,1644,1642],{},[14,1646,1647],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,1649,1650],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[28,1652,1654],{"id":1653},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,1656,1657],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1073,1659,1661],{"id":1660},"filenotfounderror",[17,1662,1663],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,1665,1666],{},"This happens when:",[167,1668,1669,1672,1675],{},[170,1670,1671],{},"the file does not exist",[170,1673,1674],{},"the path is wrong",[170,1676,1677],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,1679,219],{},[33,1681,1683],{"className":35,"code":1682,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,1684,1685,1728],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1686,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1688,49],{"class":48},[42,1690,53],{"class":52},[42,1692,57],{"class":56},[42,1694,61],{"class":60},[42,1696,1697],{"class":64},"missing.txt",[42,1699,61],{"class":60},[42,1701,70],{"class":56},[42,1703,73],{"class":60},[42,1705,76],{"class":64},[42,1707,61],{"class":60},[42,1709,70],{"class":56},[42,1711,84],{"class":83},[42,1713,88],{"class":87},[42,1715,61],{"class":60},[42,1717,93],{"class":64},[42,1719,61],{"class":60},[42,1721,98],{"class":56},[42,1723,101],{"class":48},[42,1725,105],{"class":104},[42,1727,108],{"class":56},[42,1729,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1731,135],{"class":52},[42,1733,57],{"class":56},[42,1735,229],{"class":104},[42,1737,122],{"class":56},[42,1739,126],{"class":125},[42,1741,584],{"class":56},[14,1743,1744,1745,1753,1754,122],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[693,1746,1748,1749,1752],{"href":1747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[42,1750,1751],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory"," and ",[693,1755,1757],{"href":1756},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1073,1759,1761],{"id":1760},"permissionerror",[17,1762,1763],{},"PermissionError",[14,1765,1766],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,1768,1769],{},"Example causes:",[167,1771,1772,1775,1778],{},[170,1773,1774],{},"the file is protected",[170,1776,1777],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[170,1779,1780],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,1782,1783,1784],{},"Related page: ",[693,1785,1787,1788,1791],{"href":1786},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[42,1789,1790],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1073,1793,1795],{"id":1794},"isadirectoryerror",[17,1796,1797],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,1799,1800],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,1802,219],{},[33,1804,1806],{"className":35,"code":1805,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,1807,1808,1851],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1809,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1811,49],{"class":48},[42,1813,53],{"class":52},[42,1815,57],{"class":56},[42,1817,61],{"class":60},[42,1819,1820],{"class":64},"my_folder",[42,1822,61],{"class":60},[42,1824,70],{"class":56},[42,1826,73],{"class":60},[42,1828,76],{"class":64},[42,1830,61],{"class":60},[42,1832,70],{"class":56},[42,1834,84],{"class":83},[42,1836,88],{"class":87},[42,1838,61],{"class":60},[42,1840,93],{"class":64},[42,1842,61],{"class":60},[42,1844,98],{"class":56},[42,1846,101],{"class":48},[42,1848,105],{"class":104},[42,1850,108],{"class":56},[42,1852,1853,1855,1857,1859,1861,1863],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1854,135],{"class":52},[42,1856,57],{"class":56},[42,1858,229],{"class":104},[42,1860,122],{"class":56},[42,1862,126],{"class":125},[42,1864,584],{"class":56},[14,1866,1783,1867],{},[693,1868,1870,1871,1874],{"href":1869},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[42,1872,1873],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1073,1876,1878],{"id":1877},"unicodedecodeerror",[17,1879,1880],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,1882,1883,1884,122],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[17,1885,19],{},[14,1887,1783,1888],{},[693,1889,1891],{"href":1890},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[28,1893,1895],{"id":1894},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,1897,1898,1899,1901],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[17,1900,19],{}," function.",[14,1903,1904],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[167,1906,1907,1910,1913,1919],{},[170,1908,1909],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[170,1911,1912],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[170,1914,1915,1916,1918],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[17,1917,19],{}," itself",[170,1920,1921,1922],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[693,1923,1925],{"href":1924},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[28,1927,1929],{"id":1928},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1931,1932,1933,1935],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,1934,19],{},":",[167,1937,1938,1944,1950,1955,1958,1961],{},[170,1939,1940,1941,1943],{},"Using ",[17,1942,152],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[170,1945,1946,1947,1949],{},"Forgetting to use ",[17,1948,369],{}," for text files",[170,1951,1940,1952,1954],{},[17,1953,487],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[170,1956,1957],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[170,1959,1960],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[170,1962,1963],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,1965,1966],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[33,1968,1970],{"className":35,"code":1969,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[17,1971,1972,1980],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,1973,1974,1977],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,1975,1976],{"class":48},"import",[42,1978,1979],{"class":114}," os\n",[42,1981,1982,1984,1986,1989,1991,1994],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,1983,284],{"class":52},[42,1985,57],{"class":56},[42,1987,1988],{"class":125},"os",[42,1990,122],{"class":56},[42,1992,1993],{"class":125},"getcwd",[42,1995,584],{"class":56},[14,1997,1998],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[33,2000,2002],{"className":35,"code":2001,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[17,2003,2004,2010],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2005,2006,2008],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2007,1976],{"class":48},[42,2009,1979],{"class":114},[42,2011,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2024,2026,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2013,284],{"class":52},[42,2015,57],{"class":56},[42,2017,1988],{"class":125},[42,2019,122],{"class":56},[42,2021,2023],{"class":2022},"skxfh","path",[42,2025,122],{"class":56},[42,2027,2028],{"class":125},"exists",[42,2030,57],{"class":56},[42,2032,61],{"class":60},[42,2034,65],{"class":64},[42,2036,61],{"class":60},[42,2038,842],{"class":56},[14,2040,2041],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[33,2043,2045],{"className":35,"code":2044,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[17,2046,2047,2053],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2048,2049,2051],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2050,1976],{"class":48},[42,2052,1979],{"class":114},[42,2054,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063,2065,2067,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2056,284],{"class":52},[42,2058,57],{"class":56},[42,2060,1988],{"class":125},[42,2062,122],{"class":56},[42,2064,2023],{"class":2022},[42,2066,122],{"class":56},[42,2068,2069],{"class":125},"isfile",[42,2071,57],{"class":56},[42,2073,61],{"class":60},[42,2075,65],{"class":64},[42,2077,61],{"class":60},[42,2079,842],{"class":56},[14,2081,2082],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[33,2084,2086],{"className":35,"code":2085,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[17,2087,2088,2130],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2089,2090,2092,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2091,49],{"class":48},[42,2093,53],{"class":52},[42,2095,57],{"class":56},[42,2097,61],{"class":60},[42,2099,65],{"class":64},[42,2101,61],{"class":60},[42,2103,70],{"class":56},[42,2105,73],{"class":60},[42,2107,76],{"class":64},[42,2109,61],{"class":60},[42,2111,70],{"class":56},[42,2113,84],{"class":83},[42,2115,88],{"class":87},[42,2117,61],{"class":60},[42,2119,93],{"class":64},[42,2121,61],{"class":60},[42,2123,98],{"class":56},[42,2125,101],{"class":48},[42,2127,105],{"class":104},[42,2129,108],{"class":56},[42,2131,2132,2134,2136,2138,2140,2142],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2133,135],{"class":52},[42,2135,57],{"class":56},[42,2137,229],{"class":104},[42,2139,122],{"class":56},[42,2141,126],{"class":125},[42,2143,584],{"class":56},[14,2145,2146],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[28,2148,2150],{"id":2149},"faq","FAQ",[1073,2152,2154],{"id":2153},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,2156,2157],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1073,2159,2161],{"id":2160},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,2163,2164,2165,2167],{},"Use it inside a ",[17,2166,49],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1073,2169,2171,2172,1753,2174,2176],{"id":2170},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode","What is the difference between ",[17,2173,487],{},[17,2175,493],{}," mode?",[14,2178,2179,2181,2182,2184],{},[17,2180,487],{}," overwrites the file. ",[17,2183,493],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1073,2186,2188],{"id":2187},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,2190,2191],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1073,2193,2195],{"id":2194},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,2197,2198,2199,2201],{},"It is a good habit. ",[17,2200,467],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[28,2203,2205],{"id":2204},"see-also","See also",[167,2207,2208,2212,2216,2220,2224,2228,2232,2238],{},[170,2209,2210],{},[693,2211,1326],{"href":1325},[170,2213,2214],{},[693,2215,1533],{"href":1532},[170,2217,2218],{},[693,2219,1537],{"href":1536},[170,2221,2222],{},[693,2223,1331],{"href":1330},[170,2225,2226],{},[693,2227,1925],{"href":1924},[170,2229,2230],{},[693,2231,1757],{"href":1756},[170,2233,2234],{},[693,2235,1748,2236,1752],{"href":1747},[42,2237,1751],{},[170,2239,2240],{},[693,2241,1787,2242,1791],{"href":1786},[42,2243,1790],{},[2245,2246,2247],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":2249},[2250,2251,2252,2253,2254,2255,2256,2261,2262,2267,2273,2274,2275,2283],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":156,"depth":111,"text":157},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":471,"depth":111,"text":472},{"id":745,"depth":111,"text":746},{"id":880,"depth":111,"text":881},{"id":1064,"depth":111,"text":1065,"children":2257},[2258,2259,2260],{"id":1075,"depth":132,"text":1076},{"id":1154,"depth":132,"text":1155},{"id":1237,"depth":132,"text":1238},{"id":1334,"depth":111,"text":1335},{"id":1540,"depth":111,"text":1541,"children":2263},[2264,2265,2266],{"id":1547,"depth":132,"text":467},{"id":1631,"depth":132,"text":1631},{"id":1642,"depth":132,"text":1642},{"id":1653,"depth":111,"text":1654,"children":2268},[2269,2270,2271,2272],{"id":1660,"depth":132,"text":1663},{"id":1760,"depth":132,"text":1763},{"id":1794,"depth":132,"text":1797},{"id":1877,"depth":132,"text":1880},{"id":1894,"depth":111,"text":1895},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":2276},[2277,2278,2279,2281,2282],{"id":2153,"depth":132,"text":2154},{"id":2160,"depth":132,"text":2161},{"id":2170,"depth":132,"text":2280},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":2187,"depth":132,"text":2188},{"id":2194,"depth":132,"text":2195},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},true,"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2284},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",[2293,3900,5620,7320,9460,11664,13184,15360,17567,20025,21862,24427,26525,28807,30754,32665,34662,36098,37927,40452,42613,43840,45211,46859,49178,51022,53004,54698,55951,57645,59396,61366,63116,65216,66575,68526,70088,72078,73873,75773,78215,80293,82933,84961,86924,88848,90852,93165,94847,96292,97486,98664,100504,102944,104648,106663,108187,109432,110595,111977,114048,115945,117719,119585,121704,123444,124906,126500,128423,130100,132035,133524,136308,137885,139444,141472,143424,144887,146076,147962,149373,151069,152623,154045,155448,157346,159740,161571],{"id":2294,"title":2295,"body":2296,"description":3894,"extension":2285,"meta":3895,"navigation":2287,"path":3896,"seo":3897,"stem":3898,"__hash__":3899},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2297,"toc":3866},[2298,2301,2308,2311,2322,2325,2327,2393,2396,2416,2421,2425,2430,2433,2449,2451,2477,2480,2482,2485,2501,2504,2531,2533,2595,2597,2612,2622,2633,2637,2640,2694,2696,2716,2719,2743,2750,2754,2759,2765,2767,2806,2808,2817,2824,2842,2845,2857,2861,2866,2870,2873,2894,2896,2954,2956,2964,2967,2971,3003,3005,3013,3016,3020,3025,3073,3075,3083,3087,3147,3149,3157,3160,3162,3166,3169,3192,3201,3216,3267,3269,3284,3295,3299,3302,3333,3340,3344,3349,3390,3392,3403,3406,3449,3451,3459,3463,3468,3490,3492,3501,3510,3514,3519,3541,3543,3613,3615,3662,3665,3668,3671,3752,3754,3785,3787,3791,3794,3798,3801,3805,3808,3812,3824,3828,3831,3833,3863],[10,2299,2295],{"id":2300},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,2302,2303,2304,2307],{},"The ",[17,2305,2306],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2309,2310],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[167,2312,2313,2316,2319],{},[170,2314,2315],{},"a number without its negative sign",[170,2317,2318],{},"the distance between two numbers",[170,2320,2321],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,2323,2324],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[28,2326,31],{"id":30},[33,2328,2330],{"className":35,"code":2329,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[17,2331,2332,2352,2367],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2333,2334,2336,2338,2341,2343,2346,2350],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2335,284],{"class":52},[42,2337,57],{"class":56},[42,2339,2340],{"class":52},"abs",[42,2342,57],{"class":56},[42,2344,2345],{"class":87},"-",[42,2347,2349],{"class":2348},"srdBf","7",[42,2351,842],{"class":56},[42,2353,2354,2356,2358,2360,2362,2365],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2355,284],{"class":52},[42,2357,57],{"class":56},[42,2359,2340],{"class":52},[42,2361,57],{"class":56},[42,2363,2364],{"class":2348},"3.5",[42,2366,842],{"class":56},[42,2368,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2379,2382,2385,2388,2391],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,2370,284],{"class":52},[42,2372,57],{"class":56},[42,2374,2340],{"class":52},[42,2376,57],{"class":56},[42,2378,2345],{"class":87},[42,2380,2381],{"class":2348},"2",[42,2383,2384],{"class":87},"+",[42,2386,2387],{"class":2348},"3",[42,2389,2390],{"class":858},"j",[42,2392,842],{"class":56},[14,2394,2395],{},"Output:",[33,2397,2399],{"className":35,"code":2398,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[17,2400,2401,2406,2411],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2402,2403],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2404,2405],{"class":2348},"7\n",[42,2407,2408],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2409,2410],{"class":2348},"3.5\n",[42,2412,2413],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,2414,2415],{"class":2348},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,2417,146,2418,2420],{},[17,2419,2306],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[28,2422,2424],{"id":2423},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,2426,2427,2429],{},[17,2428,2306],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,2431,2432],{},"That means:",[167,2434,2435,2438,2441],{},[170,2436,2437],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[170,2439,2440],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[170,2442,2443,2446,2447],{},[17,2444,2445],{},"0"," stays ",[17,2448,2445],{},[14,2450,515],{},[167,2452,2453,2462,2470],{},[170,2454,2455,2458,2459],{},[17,2456,2457],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[17,2460,2461],{},"5",[170,2463,2464,2458,2467],{},[17,2465,2466],{},"abs(9)",[17,2468,2469],{},"9",[170,2471,2472,2458,2475],{},[17,2473,2474],{},"abs(0)",[17,2476,2445],{},[14,2478,2479],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[28,2481,312],{"id":311},[14,2483,2484],{},"The syntax is:",[33,2486,2488],{"className":35,"code":2487,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"abs(x)\n",[17,2489,2490],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2491,2492,2494,2496,2499],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2493,2340],{"class":52},[42,2495,57],{"class":56},[42,2497,2498],{"class":125},"x",[42,2500,143],{"class":56},[14,2502,2503],{},"Here:",[167,2505,2506,2523,2528],{},[170,2507,2508,2510,2511,2514,2515,2518,2519,2522],{},[17,2509,2498],{}," is usually an ",[17,2512,2513],{},"int",", ",[17,2516,2517],{},"float",", or ",[17,2520,2521],{},"complex"," number",[170,2524,2525,2527],{},[17,2526,2306],{}," returns a new value",[170,2529,2530],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,2532,219],{},[33,2534,2536],{"className":35,"code":2535,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[17,2537,2538,2551,2568,2573,2583],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2539,2540,2543,2545,2548],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2541,2542],{"class":114},"number ",[42,2544,88],{"class":87},[42,2546,2547],{"class":87}," -",[42,2549,2550],{"class":2348},"12\n",[42,2552,2553,2556,2558,2561,2563,2566],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2554,2555],{"class":114},"result ",[42,2557,88],{"class":87},[42,2559,2560],{"class":52}," abs",[42,2562,57],{"class":56},[42,2564,2565],{"class":125},"number",[42,2567,143],{"class":56},[42,2569,2570],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,2571,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},"\n",[42,2574,2575,2577,2579,2581],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,2576,284],{"class":52},[42,2578,57],{"class":56},[42,2580,2565],{"class":125},[42,2582,143],{"class":56},[42,2584,2586,2588,2590,2593],{"class":44,"line":2585},5,[42,2587,284],{"class":52},[42,2589,57],{"class":56},[42,2591,2592],{"class":125},"result",[42,2594,143],{"class":56},[14,2596,2395],{},[33,2598,2600],{"className":35,"code":2599,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"-12\n12\n",[17,2601,2602,2608],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2603,2604,2606],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2605,2345],{"class":87},[42,2607,2550],{"class":2348},[42,2609,2610],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2611,2550],{"class":2348},[14,2613,2614,2615,2617,2618,2621],{},"Notice that ",[17,2616,2565],{}," is still ",[17,2619,2620],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,2623,2624,2625,2632],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[693,2626,2628,2631],{"href":2627},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[17,2629,2630],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[28,2634,2636],{"id":2635},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,2638,2639],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[33,2641,2643],{"className":35,"code":2642,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[17,2644,2645,2662,2677],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2646,2647,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2660],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2648,284],{"class":52},[42,2650,57],{"class":56},[42,2652,2340],{"class":52},[42,2654,57],{"class":56},[42,2656,2345],{"class":87},[42,2658,2659],{"class":2348},"10",[42,2661,842],{"class":56},[42,2663,2664,2666,2668,2670,2672,2675],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2665,284],{"class":52},[42,2667,57],{"class":56},[42,2669,2340],{"class":52},[42,2671,57],{"class":56},[42,2673,2674],{"class":2348},"8",[42,2676,842],{"class":56},[42,2678,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2692],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,2680,284],{"class":52},[42,2682,57],{"class":56},[42,2684,2340],{"class":52},[42,2686,57],{"class":56},[42,2688,2345],{"class":87},[42,2690,2691],{"class":2348},"4.2",[42,2693,842],{"class":56},[14,2695,2395],{},[33,2697,2699],{"className":35,"code":2698,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[17,2700,2701,2706,2711],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2702,2703],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2704,2705],{"class":2348},"10\n",[42,2707,2708],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2709,2710],{"class":2348},"8\n",[42,2712,2713],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,2714,2715],{"class":2348},"4.2\n",[14,2717,2718],{},"What each line does:",[167,2720,2721,2729,2736],{},[170,2722,2723,2726,2727],{},[17,2724,2725],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[17,2728,2659],{},[170,2730,2731,2726,2734],{},[17,2732,2733],{},"abs(8)",[17,2735,2674],{},[170,2737,2738,2726,2741],{},[17,2739,2740],{},"abs(-4.2)",[17,2742,2691],{},[14,2744,2745,2746,122],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[693,2747,2749],{"href":2748},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[28,2751,2753],{"id":2752},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2755,2756,2758],{},[17,2757,2306],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2760,2761,2762,2764],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[17,2763,2445],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2766,219],{},[33,2768,2770],{"className":35,"code":2769,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[17,2771,2772,2791],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2773,2774,2777,2779,2782,2785,2788],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2775,2776],{"class":114},"value ",[42,2778,88],{"class":87},[42,2780,2781],{"class":2348}," 3",[42,2783,2784],{"class":87}," +",[42,2786,2787],{"class":2348}," 4",[42,2789,2790],{"class":858},"j\n",[42,2792,2793,2795,2797,2799,2801,2804],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2794,284],{"class":52},[42,2796,57],{"class":56},[42,2798,2340],{"class":52},[42,2800,57],{"class":56},[42,2802,2803],{"class":125},"value",[42,2805,842],{"class":56},[14,2807,2395],{},[33,2809,2811],{"className":35,"code":2810,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5.0\n",[17,2812,2813],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2814,2815],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2816,2810],{"class":2348},[14,2818,2819,2820,2823],{},"Why ",[17,2821,2822],{},"5.0","?",[167,2825,2826,2831,2837],{},[170,2827,2828,2829],{},"the real part is ",[17,2830,2387],{},[170,2832,2833,2834],{},"the imaginary part is ",[17,2835,2836],{},"4",[170,2838,2839,2840],{},"the magnitude is ",[17,2841,2822],{},[14,2843,2844],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[167,2846,2847,2854],{},[170,2848,2849,2851,2852],{},[17,2850,2306],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[17,2853,2517],{},[170,2855,2856],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[28,2858,2860],{"id":2859},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2862,2863,2864,122],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[17,2865,2306],{},[1073,2867,2869],{"id":2868},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2871,2872],{},"A very common pattern is:",[33,2874,2876],{"className":35,"code":2875,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"abs(a - b)\n",[17,2877,2878],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2879,2880,2882,2884,2887,2889,2892],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2881,2340],{"class":52},[42,2883,57],{"class":56},[42,2885,2886],{"class":125},"a ",[42,2888,2345],{"class":87},[42,2890,2891],{"class":125}," b",[42,2893,143],{"class":56},[14,2895,219],{},[33,2897,2899],{"className":35,"code":2898,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[17,2900,2901,2910,2920,2924,2943],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2902,2903,2905,2907],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2904,2886],{"class":114},[42,2906,88],{"class":87},[42,2908,2909],{"class":2348}," 3\n",[42,2911,2912,2915,2917],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2913,2914],{"class":114},"b ",[42,2916,88],{"class":87},[42,2918,2919],{"class":2348}," 10\n",[42,2921,2922],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,2923,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,2925,2926,2929,2931,2933,2935,2937,2939,2941],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,2927,2928],{"class":114},"distance ",[42,2930,88],{"class":87},[42,2932,2560],{"class":52},[42,2934,57],{"class":56},[42,2936,2886],{"class":125},[42,2938,2345],{"class":87},[42,2940,2891],{"class":125},[42,2942,143],{"class":56},[42,2944,2945,2947,2949,2952],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,2946,284],{"class":52},[42,2948,57],{"class":56},[42,2950,2951],{"class":125},"distance",[42,2953,143],{"class":56},[14,2955,2395],{},[33,2957,2958],{"className":35,"code":2405,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,2959,2960],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2961,2962],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2963,2405],{"class":2348},[14,2965,2966],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1073,2968,2970],{"id":2969},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[33,2972,2974],{"className":35,"code":2973,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[17,2975,2976,2988],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,2977,2978,2981,2983,2985],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,2979,2980],{"class":114},"temperature_change ",[42,2982,88],{"class":87},[42,2984,2547],{"class":87},[42,2986,2987],{"class":2348},"6\n",[42,2989,2990,2992,2994,2996,2998,3001],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,2991,284],{"class":52},[42,2993,57],{"class":56},[42,2995,2340],{"class":52},[42,2997,57],{"class":56},[42,2999,3000],{"class":125},"temperature_change",[42,3002,842],{"class":56},[14,3004,2395],{},[33,3006,3007],{"className":35,"code":2987,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,3008,3009],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3010,3011],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3012,2987],{"class":2348},[14,3014,3015],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1073,3017,3019],{"id":3018},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,3021,3022,3023,2632],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[17,3024,2306],{},[33,3026,3028],{"className":35,"code":3027,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[17,3029,3030,3042,3058,3062],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3031,3032,3035,3037,3039],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3033,3034],{"class":114},"balance_change ",[42,3036,88],{"class":87},[42,3038,2547],{"class":87},[42,3040,3041],{"class":2348},"25\n",[42,3043,3044,3047,3049,3051,3053,3056],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3045,3046],{"class":114},"safe_value ",[42,3048,88],{"class":87},[42,3050,2560],{"class":52},[42,3052,57],{"class":56},[42,3054,3055],{"class":125},"balance_change",[42,3057,143],{"class":56},[42,3059,3060],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3061,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,3063,3064,3066,3068,3071],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,3065,284],{"class":52},[42,3067,57],{"class":56},[42,3069,3070],{"class":125},"safe_value",[42,3072,143],{"class":56},[14,3074,2395],{},[33,3076,3077],{"className":35,"code":3041,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,3078,3079],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3080,3081],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3082,3041],{"class":2348},[1073,3084,3086],{"id":3085},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[33,3088,3090],{"className":35,"code":3089,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[17,3091,3092,3102,3112,3116,3136],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3093,3094,3097,3099],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3095,3096],{"class":114},"guess ",[42,3098,88],{"class":87},[42,3100,3101],{"class":2348}," 42\n",[42,3103,3104,3107,3109],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3105,3106],{"class":114},"target ",[42,3108,88],{"class":87},[42,3110,3111],{"class":2348}," 50\n",[42,3113,3114],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3115,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,3117,3118,3121,3123,3125,3127,3129,3131,3134],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,3119,3120],{"class":114},"difference ",[42,3122,88],{"class":87},[42,3124,2560],{"class":52},[42,3126,57],{"class":56},[42,3128,3096],{"class":125},[42,3130,2345],{"class":87},[42,3132,3133],{"class":125}," target",[42,3135,143],{"class":56},[42,3137,3138,3140,3142,3145],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,3139,284],{"class":52},[42,3141,57],{"class":56},[42,3143,3144],{"class":125},"difference",[42,3146,143],{"class":56},[14,3148,2395],{},[33,3150,3151],{"className":35,"code":2710,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,3152,3153],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3154,3155],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3156,2710],{"class":2348},[14,3158,3159],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[28,3161,1929],{"id":1928},[1073,3163,3165],{"id":3164},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,3167,3168],{},"This causes an error:",[33,3170,3172],{"className":35,"code":3171,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[17,3173,3174],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3175,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3177,284],{"class":52},[42,3179,57],{"class":56},[42,3181,2340],{"class":52},[42,3183,57],{"class":56},[42,3185,61],{"class":60},[42,3187,2461],{"class":64},[42,3189,61],{"class":60},[42,3191,842],{"class":56},[14,3193,3194,3197,3198,3200],{},[17,3195,3196],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[17,3199,2306],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,3202,3203,3204,1327,3210,1935],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[693,3205,3207],{"href":3206},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[17,3208,3209],{},"int()",[693,3211,3213],{"href":3212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[17,3214,3215],{},"float()",[33,3217,3219],{"className":35,"code":3218,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[17,3220,3221,3244],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3222,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235,3237,3239,3241],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3224,284],{"class":52},[42,3226,57],{"class":56},[42,3228,2340],{"class":52},[42,3230,57],{"class":56},[42,3232,2513],{"class":834},[42,3234,57],{"class":56},[42,3236,61],{"class":60},[42,3238,2461],{"class":64},[42,3240,61],{"class":60},[42,3242,3243],{"class":56},")))\n",[42,3245,3246,3248,3250,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260,3263,3265],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3247,284],{"class":52},[42,3249,57],{"class":56},[42,3251,2340],{"class":52},[42,3253,57],{"class":56},[42,3255,2517],{"class":834},[42,3257,57],{"class":56},[42,3259,61],{"class":60},[42,3261,3262],{"class":64},"-3.2",[42,3264,61],{"class":60},[42,3266,3243],{"class":56},[14,3268,2395],{},[33,3270,3272],{"className":35,"code":3271,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5\n3.2\n",[17,3273,3274,3279],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3275,3276],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3277,3278],{"class":2348},"5\n",[42,3280,3281],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3282,3283],{"class":2348},"3.2\n",[14,3285,3286,3287,3290,3291,122],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[17,3288,3289],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[693,3292,3294],{"href":3293},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1073,3296,3298],{"id":3297},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,3300,3301],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[33,3303,3305],{"className":35,"code":3304,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,3306,3307],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3308,3309,3311,3313,3315,3318,3321,3323,3326,3328,3330],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3310,284],{"class":52},[42,3312,57],{"class":56},[42,3314,2340],{"class":52},[42,3316,3317],{"class":56},"([",[42,3319,3320],{"class":2348},"1",[42,3322,70],{"class":56},[42,3324,3325],{"class":2348}," 2",[42,3327,70],{"class":56},[42,3329,2781],{"class":2348},[42,3331,3332],{"class":56},"]))\n",[14,3334,3335,3336,3339],{},"This raises a ",[17,3337,3338],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1073,3341,3343],{"id":3342},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,3345,3346,3348],{},[17,3347,2306],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[33,3350,3352],{"className":35,"code":3351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[17,3353,3354,3366,3376,3380],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3355,3356,3359,3361,3363],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3357,3358],{"class":114},"x ",[42,3360,88],{"class":87},[42,3362,2547],{"class":87},[42,3364,3365],{"class":2348},"9\n",[42,3367,3368,3370,3372,3374],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3369,2340],{"class":52},[42,3371,57],{"class":56},[42,3373,2498],{"class":125},[42,3375,143],{"class":56},[42,3377,3378],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3379,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,3381,3382,3384,3386,3388],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,3383,284],{"class":52},[42,3385,57],{"class":56},[42,3387,2498],{"class":125},[42,3389,143],{"class":56},[14,3391,2395],{},[33,3393,3395],{"className":35,"code":3394,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"-9\n",[17,3396,3397],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3398,3399,3401],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3400,2345],{"class":87},[42,3402,3365],{"class":2348},[14,3404,3405],{},"If you want to store the result:",[33,3407,3409],{"className":35,"code":3408,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[17,3410,3411,3421,3435,3439],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3412,3413,3415,3417,3419],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3414,3358],{"class":114},[42,3416,88],{"class":87},[42,3418,2547],{"class":87},[42,3420,3365],{"class":2348},[42,3422,3423,3425,3427,3429,3431,3433],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3424,3358],{"class":114},[42,3426,88],{"class":87},[42,3428,2560],{"class":52},[42,3430,57],{"class":56},[42,3432,2498],{"class":125},[42,3434,143],{"class":56},[42,3436,3437],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3438,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,3440,3441,3443,3445,3447],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,3442,284],{"class":52},[42,3444,57],{"class":56},[42,3446,2498],{"class":125},[42,3448,143],{"class":56},[14,3450,2395],{},[33,3452,3453],{"className":35,"code":3365,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,3454,3455],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3456,3457],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3458,3365],{"class":2348},[1073,3460,3462],{"id":3461},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,3464,3465,3467],{},[17,3466,2306],{}," does not round numbers.",[33,3469,3471],{"className":35,"code":3470,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[17,3472,3473],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3474,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483,3485,3488],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3476,284],{"class":52},[42,3478,57],{"class":56},[42,3480,2340],{"class":52},[42,3482,57],{"class":56},[42,3484,2345],{"class":87},[42,3486,3487],{"class":2348},"4.7",[42,3489,842],{"class":56},[14,3491,2395],{},[33,3493,3495],{"className":35,"code":3494,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"4.7\n",[17,3496,3497],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3498,3499],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3500,3494],{"class":2348},[14,3502,3503,3504,3506,3507,3509],{},"If you expected ",[17,3505,2461],{},", that is a different operation. ",[17,3508,2306],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[28,3511,3513],{"id":3512},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,3515,3516,3518],{},[17,3517,2306],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[167,3520,3521,3528,3535],{},[170,3522,3523,3525,3526],{},[17,3524,2513],{}," input → returns an ",[17,3527,2513],{},[170,3529,3530,3532,3533],{},[17,3531,2517],{}," input → returns a ",[17,3534,2517],{},[170,3536,3537,3532,3539],{},[17,3538,2521],{},[17,3540,2517],{},[14,3542,219],{},[33,3544,3546],{"className":35,"code":3545,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[17,3547,3548,3568,3589],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3549,3550,3552,3554,3556,3558,3560,3562,3564,3566],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3551,284],{"class":52},[42,3553,57],{"class":56},[42,3555,835],{"class":834},[42,3557,57],{"class":56},[42,3559,2340],{"class":52},[42,3561,57],{"class":56},[42,3563,2345],{"class":87},[42,3565,2461],{"class":2348},[42,3567,3243],{"class":56},[42,3569,3570,3572,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584,3587],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3571,284],{"class":52},[42,3573,57],{"class":56},[42,3575,835],{"class":834},[42,3577,57],{"class":56},[42,3579,2340],{"class":52},[42,3581,57],{"class":56},[42,3583,2345],{"class":87},[42,3585,3586],{"class":2348},"3.2",[42,3588,3243],{"class":56},[42,3590,3591,3593,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609,3611],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3592,284],{"class":52},[42,3594,57],{"class":56},[42,3596,835],{"class":834},[42,3598,57],{"class":56},[42,3600,2340],{"class":52},[42,3602,57],{"class":56},[42,3604,2387],{"class":2348},[42,3606,2784],{"class":87},[42,3608,2787],{"class":2348},[42,3610,2390],{"class":858},[42,3612,3243],{"class":56},[14,3614,2395],{},[33,3616,3618],{"className":35,"code":3617,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,3619,3620,3634,3648],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3621,3622,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3623,855],{"class":87},[42,3625,859],{"class":858},[42,3627,862],{"class":60},[42,3629,2513],{"class":64},[42,3631,868],{"class":60},[42,3633,871],{"class":87},[42,3635,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3637,855],{"class":87},[42,3639,859],{"class":858},[42,3641,862],{"class":60},[42,3643,2517],{"class":64},[42,3645,868],{"class":60},[42,3647,871],{"class":87},[42,3649,3650,3652,3654,3656,3658,3660],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3651,855],{"class":87},[42,3653,859],{"class":858},[42,3655,862],{"class":60},[42,3657,2517],{"class":64},[42,3659,868],{"class":60},[42,3661,871],{"class":87},[14,3663,3664],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,3666,3667],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,3669,3670],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[33,3672,3674],{"className":35,"code":3673,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[17,3675,3676,3690,3700,3714,3718,3732],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3677,3678,3680,3682,3684,3687],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3679,2776],{"class":114},[42,3681,88],{"class":87},[42,3683,73],{"class":60},[42,3685,3686],{"class":64},"-5",[42,3688,3689],{"class":60},"\"\n",[42,3691,3692,3694,3696,3698],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3693,284],{"class":52},[42,3695,57],{"class":56},[42,3697,2803],{"class":125},[42,3699,143],{"class":56},[42,3701,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3703,284],{"class":52},[42,3705,57],{"class":56},[42,3707,835],{"class":834},[42,3709,57],{"class":56},[42,3711,2803],{"class":125},[42,3713,842],{"class":56},[42,3715,3716],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,3717,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,3719,3720,3723,3725,3727,3730],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,3721,3722],{"class":114},"user_input ",[42,3724,88],{"class":87},[42,3726,73],{"class":60},[42,3728,3729],{"class":64},"-3.7",[42,3731,3689],{"class":60},[42,3733,3735,3737,3739,3741,3743,3745,3747,3750],{"class":44,"line":3734},6,[42,3736,284],{"class":52},[42,3738,57],{"class":56},[42,3740,2340],{"class":52},[42,3742,57],{"class":56},[42,3744,2517],{"class":834},[42,3746,57],{"class":56},[42,3748,3749],{"class":125},"user_input",[42,3751,3243],{"class":56},[14,3753,2395],{},[33,3755,3757],{"className":35,"code":3756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[17,3758,3759,3765,3780],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3760,3761,3763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3762,2345],{"class":87},[42,3764,3278],{"class":2348},[42,3766,3767,3769,3771,3773,3776,3778],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3768,855],{"class":87},[42,3770,859],{"class":858},[42,3772,862],{"class":60},[42,3774,3775],{"class":64},"str",[42,3777,868],{"class":60},[42,3779,871],{"class":87},[42,3781,3782],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3783,3784],{"class":2348},"3.7\n",[28,3786,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,3788,3790],{"id":3789},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3792,3793],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1073,3795,3797],{"id":3796},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3799,3800],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1073,3802,3804],{"id":3803},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3806,3807],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1073,3809,3811],{"id":3810},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3813,3814,3816,3817,1327,3819,3821,3822,122],{},[17,3815,3289],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[17,3818,3209],{},[17,3820,3215],{}," before using ",[17,3823,2306],{},[1073,3825,3827],{"id":3826},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3829,3830],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[28,3832,2205],{"id":2204},[167,3834,3835,3842,3848,3854,3859],{},[170,3836,3837],{},[693,3838,3839,3841],{"href":3206},[17,3840,3209],{}," function explained",[170,3843,3844],{},[693,3845,3846,3841],{"href":3212},[17,3847,3215],{},[170,3849,3850],{},[693,3851,3852,3841],{"href":2627},[17,3853,2630],{},[170,3855,3856],{},[693,3857,3858],{"href":3293},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[170,3860,3861],{},[693,3862,2749],{"href":2748},[2245,3864,3865],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":3867},[3868,3869,3870,3871,3872,3873,3879,3885,3886,3893],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":2423,"depth":111,"text":2424},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":2635,"depth":111,"text":2636},{"id":2752,"depth":111,"text":2753},{"id":2859,"depth":111,"text":2860,"children":3874},[3875,3876,3877,3878],{"id":2868,"depth":132,"text":2869},{"id":2969,"depth":132,"text":2970},{"id":3018,"depth":132,"text":3019},{"id":3085,"depth":132,"text":3086},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":3880},[3881,3882,3883,3884],{"id":3164,"depth":132,"text":3165},{"id":3297,"depth":132,"text":3298},{"id":3342,"depth":132,"text":3343},{"id":3461,"depth":132,"text":3462},{"id":3512,"depth":111,"text":3513},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":3887},[3888,3889,3890,3891,3892],{"id":3789,"depth":132,"text":3790},{"id":3796,"depth":132,"text":3797},{"id":3803,"depth":132,"text":3804},{"id":3810,"depth":132,"text":3811},{"id":3826,"depth":132,"text":3827},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2295,"description":3894},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3901,"title":3902,"body":3903,"description":5614,"extension":2285,"meta":5615,"navigation":2287,"path":5616,"seo":5617,"stem":5618,"__hash__":5619},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3904,"toc":5578},[3905,3913,3919,3922,3939,3943,4000,4010,4017,4021,4040,4043,4060,4063,4067,4075,4092,4095,4135,4138,4145,4151,4227,4229,4261,4267,4271,4275,4314,4316,4325,4332,4336,4375,4377,4386,4396,4400,4456,4458,4466,4469,4472,4519,4521,4529,4535,4542,4547,4550,4553,4620,4622,4630,4633,4700,4702,4710,4724,4727,4738,4742,4748,4751,4753,4769,4771,4779,4782,4785,4788,4805,4808,4811,4841,4843,4856,4860,4864,4867,4882,4887,4890,4917,4924,4927,4967,4973,4979,4987,4990,5042,5049,5114,5119,5128,5131,5149,5155,5158,5300,5306,5311,5314,5325,5328,5384,5386,5394,5397,5456,5458,5466,5469,5480,5482,5489,5498,5507,5510,5517,5520,5528,5541,5543,5575],[10,3906,3908,3909,3912],{"id":3907},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[17,3910,3911],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3914,3915,3916,3918],{},"Python’s ",[17,3917,3911],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3920,3921],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[167,3923,3924,3927,3930],{},[170,3925,3926],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[170,3928,3929],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[170,3931,3932,2726,3935,3938],{},[17,3933,3934],{},"all([])",[17,3936,3937],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[28,3940,3942],{"id":3941},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[33,3944,3946],{"className":35,"code":3945,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[17,3947,3948,3971,3987],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,3949,3950,3953,3955,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,3951,3952],{"class":114},"numbers ",[42,3954,88],{"class":87},[42,3956,3957],{"class":56}," [",[42,3959,3320],{"class":2348},[42,3961,70],{"class":56},[42,3963,3325],{"class":2348},[42,3965,70],{"class":56},[42,3967,2781],{"class":2348},[42,3969,3970],{"class":56},"]\n",[42,3972,3973,3975,3977,3980,3982,3985],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,3974,2555],{"class":114},[42,3976,88],{"class":87},[42,3978,3979],{"class":52}," all",[42,3981,57],{"class":56},[42,3983,3984],{"class":125},"numbers",[42,3986,143],{"class":56},[42,3988,3989,3991,3993,3995,3997],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,3990,284],{"class":52},[42,3992,57],{"class":56},[42,3994,2592],{"class":125},[42,3996,98],{"class":56},[42,3998,3999],{"class":525},"  # True\n",[14,4001,4002,2726,4004,4006,4007,122],{},[17,4003,3911],{},[17,4005,3937],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[17,4008,4009],{},"False",[28,4011,4013,4014,4016],{"id":4012},"what-all-does","What ",[17,4015,3911],{}," does",[14,4018,4019,1935],{},[17,4020,3911],{},[167,4022,4023,4026,4032,4037],{},[170,4024,4025],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[170,4027,4028,4029,4031],{},"returns ",[17,4030,3937],{}," if all items are truthy",[170,4033,4028,4034,4036],{},[17,4035,4009],{}," if any item is falsy",[170,4038,4039],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,4041,4042],{},"Basic syntax:",[33,4044,4046],{"className":35,"code":4045,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"all(iterable)\n",[17,4047,4048],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4049,4050,4053,4055,4058],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4051,4052],{"class":52},"all",[42,4054,57],{"class":56},[42,4056,4057],{"class":125},"iterable",[42,4059,143],{"class":56},[14,4061,4062],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[28,4064,4066],{"id":4065},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,4068,4069,4070,1327,4072,4074],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[17,4071,3937],{},[17,4073,4009],{}," in conditions.",[167,4076,4077,4085],{},[170,4078,4079,4082,4083],{},[177,4080,4081],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[17,4084,3937],{},[170,4086,4087,4082,4090],{},[177,4088,4089],{},"Falsy",[17,4091,4009],{},[14,4093,4094],{},"Common falsy values include:",[167,4096,4097,4101,4106,4111,4116,4120,4125,4130],{},[170,4098,4099],{},[17,4100,2445],{},[170,4102,4103],{},[17,4104,4105],{},"0.0",[170,4107,4108],{},[17,4109,4110],{},"''",[170,4112,4113],{},[17,4114,4115],{},"None",[170,4117,4118],{},[17,4119,4009],{},[170,4121,4122],{},[17,4123,4124],{},"[]",[170,4126,4127],{},[17,4128,4129],{},"{}",[170,4131,4132],{},[17,4133,4134],{},"set()",[14,4136,4137],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,4139,4140,4141,122],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[693,4142,4144],{"href":4143},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,4146,4147,4148,1935],{},"You can test this with ",[17,4149,4150],{},"bool()",[33,4152,4154],{"className":35,"code":4153,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[17,4155,4156,4194,4198],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4157,4158,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4172,4174,4177,4179,4181,4184,4186,4188,4192],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4159,4160],{"class":114},"values ",[42,4162,88],{"class":87},[42,4164,3957],{"class":56},[42,4166,3320],{"class":2348},[42,4168,70],{"class":56},[42,4170,4171],{"class":2348}," 0",[42,4173,70],{"class":56},[42,4175,4176],{"class":60}," ''",[42,4178,70],{"class":56},[42,4180,862],{"class":60},[42,4182,4183],{"class":64},"hello",[42,4185,868],{"class":60},[42,4187,70],{"class":56},[42,4189,4191],{"class":4190},"s39Yj"," None",[42,4193,3970],{"class":56},[42,4195,4196],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4197,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,4199,4200,4202,4204,4207,4209,4211,4213,4216,4219,4221,4224],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,4201,284],{"class":52},[42,4203,3317],{"class":56},[42,4205,4206],{"class":834},"bool",[42,4208,57],{"class":56},[42,4210,2498],{"class":125},[42,4212,98],{"class":56},[42,4214,4215],{"class":48}," for",[42,4217,4218],{"class":125}," x ",[42,4220,1299],{"class":48},[42,4222,4223],{"class":125}," values",[42,4225,4226],{"class":56},"])\n",[14,4228,2395],{},[33,4230,4232],{"className":35,"code":4231,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[17,4233,4234],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4235,4236,4239,4241,4243,4246,4248,4250,4252,4255,4257,4259],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4237,4238],{"class":56},"[",[42,4240,3937],{"class":4190},[42,4242,70],{"class":56},[42,4244,4245],{"class":4190}," False",[42,4247,70],{"class":56},[42,4249,4245],{"class":4190},[42,4251,70],{"class":56},[42,4253,4254],{"class":4190}," True",[42,4256,70],{"class":56},[42,4258,4245],{"class":4190},[42,4260,3970],{"class":56},[14,4262,4263,4264,4266],{},"This matters because ",[17,4265,3911],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[28,4268,4270],{"id":4269},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1073,4272,4274],{"id":4273},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[33,4276,4278],{"className":35,"code":4277,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,4279,4280,4300],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4281,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4283,3952],{"class":114},[42,4285,88],{"class":87},[42,4287,3957],{"class":56},[42,4289,3320],{"class":2348},[42,4291,70],{"class":56},[42,4293,3325],{"class":2348},[42,4295,70],{"class":56},[42,4297,2781],{"class":2348},[42,4299,3970],{"class":56},[42,4301,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4303,284],{"class":52},[42,4305,57],{"class":56},[42,4307,4052],{"class":52},[42,4309,57],{"class":56},[42,4311,3984],{"class":125},[42,4313,842],{"class":56},[14,4315,2395],{},[33,4317,4319],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\n",[17,4320,4321],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4322,4323],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4324,4318],{"class":4190},[14,4326,4327,4328,2726,4330,122],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[17,4329,3911],{},[17,4331,3937],{},[1073,4333,4335],{"id":4334},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[33,4337,4339],{"className":35,"code":4338,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,4340,4341,4361],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4342,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4344,3952],{"class":114},[42,4346,88],{"class":87},[42,4348,3957],{"class":56},[42,4350,3320],{"class":2348},[42,4352,70],{"class":56},[42,4354,4171],{"class":2348},[42,4356,70],{"class":56},[42,4358,2781],{"class":2348},[42,4360,3970],{"class":56},[42,4362,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4364,284],{"class":52},[42,4366,57],{"class":56},[42,4368,4052],{"class":52},[42,4370,57],{"class":56},[42,4372,3984],{"class":125},[42,4374,842],{"class":56},[14,4376,2395],{},[33,4378,4380],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"False\n",[17,4381,4382],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4383,4384],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4385,4379],{"class":4190},[14,4387,4388,4389,4391,4392,2726,4394,122],{},"The value ",[17,4390,2445],{}," is falsy, so ",[17,4393,3911],{},[17,4395,4009],{},[1073,4397,4399],{"id":4398},"example-strings","Example: strings",[33,4401,4403],{"className":35,"code":4402,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[17,4404,4405,4441],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4406,4407,4410,4412,4414,4416,4419,4421,4423,4425,4428,4430,4432,4434,4437,4439],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4408,4409],{"class":114},"words ",[42,4411,88],{"class":87},[42,4413,3957],{"class":56},[42,4415,868],{"class":60},[42,4417,4418],{"class":64},"apple",[42,4420,868],{"class":60},[42,4422,70],{"class":56},[42,4424,862],{"class":60},[42,4426,4427],{"class":64},"banana",[42,4429,868],{"class":60},[42,4431,70],{"class":56},[42,4433,862],{"class":60},[42,4435,4436],{"class":64},"cherry",[42,4438,868],{"class":60},[42,4440,3970],{"class":56},[42,4442,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4454],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4444,284],{"class":52},[42,4446,57],{"class":56},[42,4448,4052],{"class":52},[42,4450,57],{"class":56},[42,4452,4453],{"class":125},"words",[42,4455,842],{"class":56},[14,4457,2395],{},[33,4459,4460],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,4461,4462],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4463,4464],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4465,4318],{"class":4190},[14,4467,4468],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,4470,4471],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[33,4473,4475],{"className":35,"code":4474,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[17,4476,4477,4505],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4478,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4480,4409],{"class":114},[42,4482,88],{"class":87},[42,4484,3957],{"class":56},[42,4486,868],{"class":60},[42,4488,4418],{"class":64},[42,4490,868],{"class":60},[42,4492,70],{"class":56},[42,4494,4176],{"class":60},[42,4496,70],{"class":56},[42,4498,862],{"class":60},[42,4500,4436],{"class":64},[42,4502,868],{"class":60},[42,4504,3970],{"class":56},[42,4506,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4508,284],{"class":52},[42,4510,57],{"class":56},[42,4512,4052],{"class":52},[42,4514,57],{"class":56},[42,4516,4453],{"class":125},[42,4518,842],{"class":56},[14,4520,2395],{},[33,4522,4523],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,4524,4525],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4526,4527],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4528,4379],{"class":4190},[14,4530,4531,4532,4534],{},"The empty string ",[17,4533,4110],{}," is falsy.",[28,4536,4538,4539,4541],{"id":4537},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[17,4540,3911],{}," works with conditions",[14,4543,4544,4546],{},[17,4545,3911],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,4548,4549],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,4551,4552],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[33,4554,4556],{"className":35,"code":4555,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,4557,4558,4578,4606,4610],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4559,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4561,3952],{"class":114},[42,4563,88],{"class":87},[42,4565,3957],{"class":56},[42,4567,3320],{"class":2348},[42,4569,70],{"class":56},[42,4571,3325],{"class":2348},[42,4573,70],{"class":56},[42,4575,2781],{"class":2348},[42,4577,3970],{"class":56},[42,4579,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590,4593,4595,4597,4599,4601,4604],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4581,2555],{"class":114},[42,4583,88],{"class":87},[42,4585,3979],{"class":52},[42,4587,57],{"class":56},[42,4589,3358],{"class":125},[42,4591,4592],{"class":87},">",[42,4594,4171],{"class":2348},[42,4596,4215],{"class":48},[42,4598,4218],{"class":125},[42,4600,1299],{"class":48},[42,4602,4603],{"class":125}," numbers",[42,4605,143],{"class":56},[42,4607,4608],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,4609,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,4611,4612,4614,4616,4618],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,4613,284],{"class":52},[42,4615,57],{"class":56},[42,4617,2592],{"class":125},[42,4619,143],{"class":56},[14,4621,2395],{},[33,4623,4624],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,4625,4626],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4627,4628],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4629,4318],{"class":4190},[14,4631,4632],{},"Here is one that fails:",[33,4634,4636],{"className":35,"code":4635,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,4637,4638,4660,4686,4690],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4639,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4641,3952],{"class":114},[42,4643,88],{"class":87},[42,4645,3957],{"class":56},[42,4647,3320],{"class":2348},[42,4649,70],{"class":56},[42,4651,2547],{"class":87},[42,4653,2381],{"class":2348},[42,4655,70],{"class":56},[42,4657,2781],{"class":2348},[42,4659,3970],{"class":56},[42,4661,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4663,2555],{"class":114},[42,4665,88],{"class":87},[42,4667,3979],{"class":52},[42,4669,57],{"class":56},[42,4671,3358],{"class":125},[42,4673,4592],{"class":87},[42,4675,4171],{"class":2348},[42,4677,4215],{"class":48},[42,4679,4218],{"class":125},[42,4681,1299],{"class":48},[42,4683,4603],{"class":125},[42,4685,143],{"class":56},[42,4687,4688],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,4689,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,4691,4692,4694,4696,4698],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,4693,284],{"class":52},[42,4695,57],{"class":56},[42,4697,2592],{"class":125},[42,4699,143],{"class":56},[14,4701,2395],{},[33,4703,4704],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,4705,4706],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4707,4708],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4709,4379],{"class":4190},[14,4711,4712,4713,4716,4717,4719,4720,2726,4722,122],{},"The expression ",[17,4714,4715],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[17,4718,3937],{},", then ",[17,4721,3911],{},[17,4723,3937],{},[14,4725,4726],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,4728,4729,4730,1753,4734,122],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[693,4731,4733],{"href":4732},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[693,4735,4737],{"href":4736},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[28,4739,4741],{"id":4740},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,4743,4744,2726,4746,122],{},[17,4745,3934],{},[17,4747,3937],{},[14,4749,4750],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4752,219],{},[33,4754,4756],{"className":35,"code":4755,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(all([]))\n",[17,4757,4758],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4759,4760,4762,4764,4766],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4761,284],{"class":52},[42,4763,57],{"class":56},[42,4765,4052],{"class":52},[42,4767,4768],{"class":56},"([]))\n",[14,4770,2395],{},[33,4772,4773],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,4774,4775],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4776,4777],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4778,4318],{"class":4190},[14,4780,4781],{},"Why?",[14,4783,4784],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4786,4787],{},"Think of it this way:",[167,4789,4790,4797,4800],{},[170,4791,4792,2726,4794,4796],{},[17,4793,3911],{},[17,4795,4009],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[170,4798,4799],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[170,4801,4802,4803],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[17,4804,4009],{},[14,4806,4807],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4809,4810],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[33,4812,4814],{"className":35,"code":4813,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[17,4815,4816,4827],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4817,4818,4820,4822,4824],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4819,284],{"class":52},[42,4821,57],{"class":56},[42,4823,4052],{"class":52},[42,4825,4826],{"class":56},"(()))\n",[42,4828,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4830,284],{"class":52},[42,4832,57],{"class":56},[42,4834,4052],{"class":52},[42,4836,57],{"class":56},[42,4838,4110],{"class":60},[42,4840,842],{"class":56},[14,4842,2395],{},[33,4844,4846],{"className":35,"code":4845,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nTrue\n",[17,4847,4848,4852],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4849,4850],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4851,4318],{"class":4190},[42,4853,4854],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4855,4318],{"class":4190},[28,4857,4859],{"id":4858},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1073,4861,4863],{"id":4862},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4865,4866],{},"This is wrong:",[33,4868,4870],{"className":35,"code":4869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[17,4871,4872,4877],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4873,4874],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4875,4876],{"class":525},"# Wrong\n",[42,4878,4879],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4880,4881],{"class":525},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4883,4884,4886],{},[17,4885,3911],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4888,4889],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[33,4891,4893],{"className":35,"code":4892,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,4894,4895],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4896,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4911,4913,4915],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4898,284],{"class":52},[42,4900,57],{"class":56},[42,4902,4052],{"class":52},[42,4904,3317],{"class":56},[42,4906,3320],{"class":2348},[42,4908,70],{"class":56},[42,4910,3325],{"class":2348},[42,4912,70],{"class":56},[42,4914,2781],{"class":2348},[42,4916,3332],{"class":56},[1073,4918,4920,4921,4923],{"id":4919},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[17,4922,3911],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4925,4926],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[33,4928,4930],{"className":35,"code":4929,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[17,4931,4932,4953],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4933,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944,4947,4949,4951],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4935,3952],{"class":114},[42,4937,88],{"class":87},[42,4939,3957],{"class":56},[42,4941,2461],{"class":2348},[42,4943,70],{"class":56},[42,4945,4946],{"class":2348}," 5",[42,4948,70],{"class":56},[42,4950,4946],{"class":2348},[42,4952,3970],{"class":56},[42,4954,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,4956,284],{"class":52},[42,4958,57],{"class":56},[42,4960,4052],{"class":52},[42,4962,57],{"class":56},[42,4964,3984],{"class":125},[42,4966,842],{"class":56},[14,4968,4969,4970,4972],{},"This does ",[177,4971,179],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4974,4975,4976,4978],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[17,4977,2461],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[33,4980,4981],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,4982,4983],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4984,4985],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4986,4318],{"class":4190},[14,4988,4989],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[33,4991,4993],{"className":35,"code":4992,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[17,4994,4995,5015],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,4996,4997,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,4998,3952],{"class":114},[42,5000,88],{"class":87},[42,5002,3957],{"class":56},[42,5004,2461],{"class":2348},[42,5006,70],{"class":56},[42,5008,4946],{"class":2348},[42,5010,70],{"class":56},[42,5012,4946],{"class":2348},[42,5014,3970],{"class":56},[42,5016,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5018,284],{"class":52},[42,5020,57],{"class":56},[42,5022,4052],{"class":52},[42,5024,57],{"class":56},[42,5026,3358],{"class":125},[42,5028,5029],{"class":87},"==",[42,5031,4946],{"class":2348},[42,5033,4215],{"class":48},[42,5035,4218],{"class":125},[42,5037,1299],{"class":48},[42,5039,4603],{"class":125},[42,5041,842],{"class":56},[1073,5043,5045,5046,5048],{"id":5044},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[17,5047,2445],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[33,5050,5052],{"className":35,"code":5051,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[17,5053,5054,5080],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5055,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5077],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5057,284],{"class":52},[42,5059,57],{"class":56},[42,5061,4052],{"class":52},[42,5063,3317],{"class":56},[42,5065,3320],{"class":2348},[42,5067,70],{"class":56},[42,5069,3325],{"class":2348},[42,5071,70],{"class":56},[42,5073,4171],{"class":2348},[42,5075,5076],{"class":56},"]))",[42,5078,5079],{"class":525},"       # False\n",[42,5081,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5083,284],{"class":52},[42,5085,57],{"class":56},[42,5087,4052],{"class":52},[42,5089,3317],{"class":56},[42,5091,868],{"class":60},[42,5093,693],{"class":64},[42,5095,868],{"class":60},[42,5097,70],{"class":56},[42,5099,862],{"class":60},[42,5101,5102],{"class":64},"b",[42,5104,868],{"class":60},[42,5106,70],{"class":56},[42,5108,4176],{"class":60},[42,5110,5076],{"class":56},[42,5112,5113],{"class":525},"  # False\n",[14,5115,5116,5117,122],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[17,5118,4009],{},[1073,5120,5122,5123,5125,5126],{"id":5121},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[17,5124,3934],{}," is ",[17,5127,3937],{},[14,5129,5130],{},"This is expected behavior:",[33,5132,5134],{"className":35,"code":5133,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[17,5135,5136],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5137,5138,5140,5142,5144,5147],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5139,284],{"class":52},[42,5141,57],{"class":56},[42,5143,4052],{"class":52},[42,5145,5146],{"class":56},"([]))",[42,5148,3999],{"class":525},[14,5150,5151,5152,5154],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[17,5153,3937],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,5156,5157],{},"Useful quick tests:",[33,5159,5161],{"className":35,"code":5160,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[17,5162,5163,5185,5207,5254,5290],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5164,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175,5177,5179,5181,5183],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5166,284],{"class":52},[42,5168,57],{"class":56},[42,5170,4052],{"class":52},[42,5172,3317],{"class":56},[42,5174,3320],{"class":2348},[42,5176,70],{"class":56},[42,5178,3325],{"class":2348},[42,5180,70],{"class":56},[42,5182,2781],{"class":2348},[42,5184,3332],{"class":56},[42,5186,5187,5189,5191,5193,5195,5197,5199,5201,5203,5205],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5188,284],{"class":52},[42,5190,57],{"class":56},[42,5192,4052],{"class":52},[42,5194,3317],{"class":56},[42,5196,3320],{"class":2348},[42,5198,70],{"class":56},[42,5200,4171],{"class":2348},[42,5202,70],{"class":56},[42,5204,2781],{"class":2348},[42,5206,3332],{"class":56},[42,5208,5209,5211,5213,5215,5217,5219,5221,5223,5225,5227,5229,5231,5233,5235,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,5210,284],{"class":52},[42,5212,3317],{"class":56},[42,5214,4206],{"class":834},[42,5216,57],{"class":56},[42,5218,2498],{"class":125},[42,5220,98],{"class":56},[42,5222,4215],{"class":48},[42,5224,4218],{"class":125},[42,5226,1299],{"class":48},[42,5228,3957],{"class":56},[42,5230,3320],{"class":2348},[42,5232,70],{"class":56},[42,5234,4171],{"class":2348},[42,5236,70],{"class":56},[42,5238,4176],{"class":60},[42,5240,70],{"class":56},[42,5242,862],{"class":60},[42,5244,4183],{"class":64},[42,5246,868],{"class":60},[42,5248,70],{"class":56},[42,5250,4191],{"class":4190},[42,5252,5253],{"class":56},"]])\n",[42,5255,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,5257,284],{"class":52},[42,5259,57],{"class":56},[42,5261,4052],{"class":52},[42,5263,57],{"class":56},[42,5265,3358],{"class":125},[42,5267,4592],{"class":87},[42,5269,4171],{"class":2348},[42,5271,4215],{"class":48},[42,5273,4218],{"class":125},[42,5275,1299],{"class":48},[42,5277,3957],{"class":56},[42,5279,3320],{"class":2348},[42,5281,70],{"class":56},[42,5283,3325],{"class":2348},[42,5285,70],{"class":56},[42,5287,2781],{"class":2348},[42,5289,3332],{"class":56},[42,5291,5292,5294,5296,5298],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,5293,284],{"class":52},[42,5295,57],{"class":56},[42,5297,4052],{"class":52},[42,5299,4768],{"class":56},[28,5301,5303,5304],{"id":5302},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[17,5305,3911],{},[14,5307,5308,5310],{},[17,5309,3911],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,5312,5313],{},"Common use cases:",[167,5315,5316,5319,5322],{},[170,5317,5318],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[170,5320,5321],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[170,5323,5324],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,5326,5327],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[33,5329,5331],{"className":35,"code":5330,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[17,5332,5333,5369],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5334,5335,5338,5340,5342,5344,5347,5349,5351,5353,5356,5358,5360,5362,5365,5367],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5336,5337],{"class":114},"names ",[42,5339,88],{"class":87},[42,5341,3957],{"class":56},[42,5343,868],{"class":60},[42,5345,5346],{"class":64},"Alice",[42,5348,868],{"class":60},[42,5350,70],{"class":56},[42,5352,862],{"class":60},[42,5354,5355],{"class":64},"Bob",[42,5357,868],{"class":60},[42,5359,70],{"class":56},[42,5361,862],{"class":60},[42,5363,5364],{"class":64},"Charlie",[42,5366,868],{"class":60},[42,5368,3970],{"class":56},[42,5370,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5382],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5372,284],{"class":52},[42,5374,57],{"class":56},[42,5376,4052],{"class":52},[42,5378,57],{"class":56},[42,5380,5381],{"class":125},"names",[42,5383,842],{"class":56},[14,5385,2395],{},[33,5387,5388],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,5389,5390],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5391,5392],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5393,4318],{"class":4190},[14,5395,5396],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[33,5398,5400],{"className":35,"code":5399,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[17,5401,5402,5426],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5403,5404,5407,5409,5411,5414,5416,5419,5421,5424],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5405,5406],{"class":114},"scores ",[42,5408,88],{"class":87},[42,5410,3957],{"class":56},[42,5412,5413],{"class":2348},"75",[42,5415,70],{"class":56},[42,5417,5418],{"class":2348}," 80",[42,5420,70],{"class":56},[42,5422,5423],{"class":2348}," 50",[42,5425,3970],{"class":56},[42,5427,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5439,5442,5444,5446,5449,5451,5454],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5429,284],{"class":52},[42,5431,57],{"class":56},[42,5433,4052],{"class":52},[42,5435,57],{"class":56},[42,5437,5438],{"class":125},"score ",[42,5440,5441],{"class":87},">=",[42,5443,5423],{"class":2348},[42,5445,4215],{"class":48},[42,5447,5448],{"class":125}," score ",[42,5450,1299],{"class":48},[42,5452,5453],{"class":125}," scores",[42,5455,842],{"class":56},[14,5457,2395],{},[33,5459,5460],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,5461,5462],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5463,5464],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5465,4318],{"class":4190},[14,5467,5468],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,5470,5471,5472,1753,5476,122],{},"For related tasks, see ",[693,5473,5475],{"href":5474},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[693,5477,5479],{"href":5478},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[28,5481,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,5483,5485,5486,5488],{"id":5484},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[17,5487,3911],{}," return in Python?",[14,5490,5491,5492,5494,5495,5497],{},"It returns ",[17,5493,3937],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[17,5496,4009],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1073,5499,5501,5502,5504,5505,2823],{"id":5500},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[17,5503,3934],{}," return ",[17,5506,3937],{},[14,5508,5509],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1073,5511,5513,5514,5516],{"id":5512},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[17,5515,3911],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,5518,5519],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1073,5521,2171,5523,1753,5525,2823],{"id":5522},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[17,5524,3911],{},[17,5526,5527],{},"any()",[14,5529,5530,5532,5533,5535,5536,122],{},[17,5531,3911],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[17,5534,5527],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[693,5537,3908,5539,3841],{"href":5538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[17,5540,5527],{},[28,5542,2205],{"id":2204},[167,5544,5545,5551,5555,5560,5565,5570],{},[170,5546,5547],{},[693,5548,3908,5549,3841],{"href":5538},[17,5550,5527],{},[170,5552,5553],{},[693,5554,4144],{"href":4143},[170,5556,5557],{},[693,5558,5559],{"href":5478},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[170,5561,5562],{},[693,5563,5564],{"href":5474},"How to filter a list in Python",[170,5566,5567],{},[693,5568,5569],{"href":4732},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[170,5571,5572],{},[693,5573,5574],{"href":4736},"What is an iterable in Python",[2245,5576,5577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":5579},[5580,5581,5583,5584,5589,5591,5592,5601,5603,5613],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":4012,"depth":111,"text":5582},"What all() does",{"id":4065,"depth":111,"text":4066},{"id":4269,"depth":111,"text":4270,"children":5585},[5586,5587,5588],{"id":4273,"depth":132,"text":4274},{"id":4334,"depth":132,"text":4335},{"id":4398,"depth":132,"text":4399},{"id":4537,"depth":111,"text":5590},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4740,"depth":111,"text":4741},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":5593},[5594,5595,5597,5599],{"id":4862,"depth":132,"text":4863},{"id":4919,"depth":132,"text":5596},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":5044,"depth":132,"text":5598},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5121,"depth":132,"text":5600},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5302,"depth":111,"text":5602},"When to use all()",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":5604},[5605,5607,5609,5611],{"id":5484,"depth":132,"text":5606},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5500,"depth":132,"text":5608},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5512,"depth":132,"text":5610},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5522,"depth":132,"text":5612},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3902,"description":5614},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5621,"title":5622,"body":5623,"description":7315,"extension":2285,"meta":7316,"navigation":2287,"path":5538,"seo":7317,"stem":7318,"__hash__":7319},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5624,"toc":7293},[5625,5628,5636,5639,5656,5664,5708,5717,5721,5726,5729,5746,5749,5760,5772,5776,5779,5794,5799,5802,5814,5817,5902,5905,5926,5932,5934,5942,5956,5958,5992,5994,5997,6058,6060,6077,6080,6107,6109,6117,6129,6133,6136,6175,6177,6185,6187,6203,6211,6214,6257,6259,6267,6272,6276,6284,6287,6314,6317,6320,6394,6396,6404,6411,6435,6446,6449,6528,6530,6538,6545,6549,6554,6569,6571,6579,6582,6588,6591,6637,6639,6656,6660,6665,6676,6679,6793,6796,6855,6861,6863,6868,6872,6874,6893,6899,6902,6921,6925,6934,6961,6963,6971,6979,6983,6989,7012,7014,7022,7029,7033,7036,7087,7090,7141,7144,7146,7150,7157,7161,7168,7172,7180,7184,7187,7209,7211,7261,7263,7290],[10,5626,5622],{"id":5627},"python-any-function-explained",[14,5629,5630,5632,5633,122],{},[17,5631,5527],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[177,5634,5635],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,5637,5638],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[167,5640,5641,5644,5647,5650,5653],{},[170,5642,5643],{},"lists",[170,5645,5646],{},"tuples",[170,5648,5649],{},"sets",[170,5651,5652],{},"strings",[170,5654,5655],{},"generator expressions",[14,5657,5658,5659,1327,5661,5663],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[17,5660,3937],{},[17,5662,4009],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[33,5665,5667],{"className":35,"code":5666,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[17,5668,5669,5689],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5670,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5672,4160],{"class":114},[42,5674,88],{"class":87},[42,5676,3957],{"class":56},[42,5678,2445],{"class":2348},[42,5680,70],{"class":56},[42,5682,4176],{"class":60},[42,5684,70],{"class":56},[42,5686,4946],{"class":2348},[42,5688,3970],{"class":56},[42,5690,5691,5693,5695,5698,5700,5703,5706],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5692,284],{"class":52},[42,5694,57],{"class":56},[42,5696,5697],{"class":52},"any",[42,5699,57],{"class":56},[42,5701,5702],{"class":125},"values",[42,5704,5705],{"class":56},"))",[42,5707,3999],{"class":525},[14,5709,146,5710,5713,5714,5716],{},[17,5711,5712],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[17,5715,3937],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[28,5718,5720],{"id":5719},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,5722,5723,5725],{},[17,5724,5527],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,5727,5728],{},"It returns:",[167,5730,5731,5736,5741],{},[170,5732,5733,5735],{},[17,5734,3937],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[170,5737,5738,5740],{},[17,5739,4009],{}," if all items are falsy",[170,5742,5743,5745],{},[17,5744,4009],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,5747,5748],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[167,5750,5751,5754,5757],{},[170,5752,5753],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[170,5755,5756],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[170,5758,5759],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5761,5762,5763,5766,5767,122],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[177,5764,5765],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[693,5768,5770],{"href":5769},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[17,5771,3911],{},[28,5773,5775],{"id":5774},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5777,5778],{},"The syntax is simple:",[33,5780,5782],{"className":35,"code":5781,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"any(iterable)\n",[17,5783,5784],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5785,5786,5788,5790,5792],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5787,5697],{"class":52},[42,5789,57],{"class":56},[42,5791,4057],{"class":125},[42,5793,143],{"class":56},[14,5795,5796,5797,122],{},"The argument must be an ",[177,5798,4057],{},[14,5800,5801],{},"Common inputs include:",[167,5803,5804,5806,5808,5810,5812],{},[170,5805,5643],{},[170,5807,5646],{},[170,5809,5649],{},[170,5811,5652],{},[170,5813,5655],{},[14,5815,5816],{},"For example:",[33,5818,5820],{"className":35,"code":5819,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[17,5821,5822,5845,5864,5884],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5823,5824,5826,5828,5830,5832,5834,5836,5838,5840,5843],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5825,284],{"class":52},[42,5827,57],{"class":56},[42,5829,5697],{"class":52},[42,5831,3317],{"class":56},[42,5833,2445],{"class":2348},[42,5835,70],{"class":56},[42,5837,4171],{"class":2348},[42,5839,70],{"class":56},[42,5841,5842],{"class":2348}," 1",[42,5844,3332],{"class":56},[42,5846,5847,5849,5851,5853,5856,5858,5860,5862],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5848,284],{"class":52},[42,5850,57],{"class":56},[42,5852,5697],{"class":52},[42,5854,5855],{"class":56},"((",[42,5857,4009],{"class":4190},[42,5859,70],{"class":56},[42,5861,4245],{"class":4190},[42,5863,3243],{"class":56},[42,5865,5866,5868,5870,5872,5875,5877,5879,5881],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,5867,284],{"class":52},[42,5869,57],{"class":56},[42,5871,5697],{"class":52},[42,5873,5874],{"class":56},"({",[42,5876,2445],{"class":2348},[42,5878,70],{"class":56},[42,5880,3325],{"class":2348},[42,5882,5883],{"class":56},"}))\n",[42,5885,5886,5888,5890,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,5887,284],{"class":52},[42,5889,57],{"class":56},[42,5891,5697],{"class":52},[42,5893,57],{"class":56},[42,5895,61],{"class":60},[42,5897,4183],{"class":64},[42,5899,61],{"class":60},[42,5901,842],{"class":56},[14,5903,5904],{},"Expected output:",[33,5906,5908],{"className":35,"code":5907,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,5909,5910,5914,5918,5922],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,5911,5912],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,5913,4318],{"class":4190},[42,5915,5916],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,5917,4379],{"class":4190},[42,5919,5920],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,5921,4318],{"class":4190},[42,5923,5924],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,5925,4318],{"class":4190},[14,5927,5928,5929,122],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[693,5930,5479],{"href":5931},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[28,5933,4066],{"id":4065},[14,5935,4069,5936,1327,5939,4074],{},[177,5937,5938],{},"truthy",[177,5940,5941],{},"falsy",[167,5943,5944,5950],{},[170,5945,5946,4082,5948],{},[177,5947,4081],{},[17,5949,3937],{},[170,5951,5952,4082,5954],{},[177,5953,4089],{},[17,5955,4009],{},[14,5957,4094],{},[167,5959,5960,5964,5968,5972,5976,5980,5984,5988],{},[170,5961,5962],{},[17,5963,4009],{},[170,5965,5966],{},[17,5967,2445],{},[170,5969,5970],{},[17,5971,4105],{},[170,5973,5974],{},[17,5975,4110],{},[170,5977,5978],{},[17,5979,4124],{},[170,5981,5982],{},[17,5983,4129],{},[170,5985,5986],{},[17,5987,4134],{},[170,5989,5990],{},[17,5991,4115],{},[14,5993,4137],{},[14,5995,5996],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[33,5998,6000],{"className":35,"code":5999,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[17,6001,6002,6016,6034],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6003,6004,6006,6008,6010,6012,6014],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6005,284],{"class":52},[42,6007,57],{"class":56},[42,6009,5697],{"class":52},[42,6011,3317],{"class":56},[42,6013,3320],{"class":2348},[42,6015,3332],{"class":56},[42,6017,6018,6020,6022,6024,6026,6028,6030,6032],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6019,284],{"class":52},[42,6021,57],{"class":56},[42,6023,5697],{"class":52},[42,6025,3317],{"class":56},[42,6027,868],{"class":60},[42,6029,4183],{"class":64},[42,6031,868],{"class":60},[42,6033,3332],{"class":56},[42,6035,6036,6038,6040,6042,6045,6047,6049,6051,6053,6055],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,6037,284],{"class":52},[42,6039,57],{"class":56},[42,6041,5697],{"class":52},[42,6043,6044],{"class":56},"([[",[42,6046,3320],{"class":2348},[42,6048,70],{"class":56},[42,6050,3325],{"class":2348},[42,6052,70],{"class":56},[42,6054,2781],{"class":2348},[42,6056,6057],{"class":56},"]]))\n",[14,6059,5904],{},[33,6061,6063],{"className":35,"code":6062,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,6064,6065,6069,6073],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6066,6067],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6068,4318],{"class":4190},[42,6070,6071],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6072,4318],{"class":4190},[42,6074,6075],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,6076,4318],{"class":4190},[14,6078,6079],{},"And these are all falsy:",[33,6081,6083],{"className":35,"code":6082,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[17,6084,6085],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6086,6087,6089,6091,6093,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6088,284],{"class":52},[42,6090,57],{"class":56},[42,6092,5697],{"class":52},[42,6094,3317],{"class":56},[42,6096,2445],{"class":2348},[42,6098,70],{"class":56},[42,6100,4176],{"class":60},[42,6102,70],{"class":56},[42,6104,4191],{"class":4190},[42,6106,3332],{"class":56},[14,6108,5904],{},[33,6110,6111],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,6112,6113],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6114,6115],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6116,4379],{"class":4190},[14,6118,6119,6120,1753,6123,122],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[693,6121,4144],{"href":6122},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[693,6124,6126,6128],{"href":6125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[17,6127,4150],{}," explained",[28,6130,6132],{"id":6131},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,6134,6135],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[33,6137,6139],{"className":35,"code":6138,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[17,6140,6141,6161],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6142,6143,6145,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6144,4160],{"class":114},[42,6146,88],{"class":87},[42,6148,3957],{"class":56},[42,6150,2445],{"class":2348},[42,6152,70],{"class":56},[42,6154,4176],{"class":60},[42,6156,70],{"class":56},[42,6158,4946],{"class":2348},[42,6160,3970],{"class":56},[42,6162,6163,6165,6167,6169,6171,6173],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6164,284],{"class":52},[42,6166,57],{"class":56},[42,6168,5697],{"class":52},[42,6170,57],{"class":56},[42,6172,5702],{"class":125},[42,6174,842],{"class":56},[14,6176,2395],{},[33,6178,6179],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,6180,6181],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6182,6183],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6184,4318],{"class":4190},[14,6186,4781],{},[167,6188,6189,6194,6198],{},[170,6190,6191,6193],{},[17,6192,2445],{}," is falsy",[170,6195,6196,6193],{},[17,6197,4110],{},[170,6199,6200,6202],{},[17,6201,2461],{}," is truthy",[14,6204,6205,6206,2726,6209,122],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[17,6207,6208],{},"any(values)",[17,6210,3937],{},[14,6212,6213],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[33,6215,6217],{"className":35,"code":6216,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[17,6218,6219,6243],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6220,6221,6223,6225,6227,6229,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6222,4160],{"class":114},[42,6224,88],{"class":87},[42,6226,3957],{"class":56},[42,6228,2445],{"class":2348},[42,6230,70],{"class":56},[42,6232,4176],{"class":60},[42,6234,70],{"class":56},[42,6236,4191],{"class":4190},[42,6238,70],{"class":56},[42,6240,4245],{"class":4190},[42,6242,3970],{"class":56},[42,6244,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6246,284],{"class":52},[42,6248,57],{"class":56},[42,6250,5697],{"class":52},[42,6252,57],{"class":56},[42,6254,5702],{"class":125},[42,6256,842],{"class":56},[14,6258,2395],{},[33,6260,6261],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,6262,6263],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6264,6265],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6266,4379],{"class":4190},[14,6268,6269,6270,122],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[17,6271,4009],{},[28,6273,6275],{"id":6274},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,6277,6278,6280,6281,122],{},[17,6279,5527],{}," is often used with a ",[177,6282,6283],{},"generator expression",[14,6285,6286],{},"This is a common pattern:",[33,6288,6290],{"className":35,"code":6289,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[17,6291,6292],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6293,6294,6296,6298,6301,6304,6307,6309,6312],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6295,5697],{"class":52},[42,6297,57],{"class":56},[42,6299,6300],{"class":125},"condition ",[42,6302,6303],{"class":48},"for",[42,6305,6306],{"class":125}," item ",[42,6308,1299],{"class":48},[42,6310,6311],{"class":125}," items",[42,6313,143],{"class":56},[14,6315,6316],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,6318,6319],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[33,6321,6323],{"className":35,"code":6322,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,6324,6325,6353,6357,6384],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6326,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6351],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6328,3952],{"class":114},[42,6330,88],{"class":87},[42,6332,3957],{"class":56},[42,6334,2836],{"class":2348},[42,6336,70],{"class":56},[42,6338,6339],{"class":2348}," 7",[42,6341,70],{"class":56},[42,6343,2547],{"class":87},[42,6345,2381],{"class":2348},[42,6347,70],{"class":56},[42,6349,6350],{"class":2348}," 10",[42,6352,3970],{"class":56},[42,6354,6355],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6356,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,6358,6359,6361,6363,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,6360,2555],{"class":114},[42,6362,88],{"class":87},[42,6364,6365],{"class":52}," any",[42,6367,57],{"class":56},[42,6369,3358],{"class":125},[42,6371,855],{"class":87},[42,6373,4171],{"class":2348},[42,6375,4215],{"class":48},[42,6377,4218],{"class":125},[42,6379,1299],{"class":48},[42,6381,4603],{"class":125},[42,6383,143],{"class":56},[42,6385,6386,6388,6390,6392],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,6387,284],{"class":52},[42,6389,57],{"class":56},[42,6391,2592],{"class":125},[42,6393,143],{"class":56},[14,6395,2395],{},[33,6397,6398],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,6399,6400],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6401,6402],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6403,4318],{"class":4190},[14,6405,6406,6407,6410],{},"This works because ",[17,6408,6409],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[167,6412,6413,6421,6428],{},[170,6414,6415,6418,6419],{},[17,6416,6417],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[17,6420,4009],{},[170,6422,6423,6418,6426],{},[17,6424,6425],{},"7 \u003C 0",[17,6427,4009],{},[170,6429,6430,6418,6433],{},[17,6431,6432],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[17,6434,3937],{},[14,6436,6437,6438,6440,6441,6443,6444,122],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[17,6439,3937],{}," result, ",[17,6442,5527],{}," can return ",[17,6445,3937],{},[14,6447,6448],{},"Here is another example:",[33,6450,6452],{"className":35,"code":6451,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[17,6453,6454,6483,6487,6517],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6455,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464,6466,6468,6470,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6457,4409],{"class":114},[42,6459,88],{"class":87},[42,6461,3957],{"class":56},[42,6463,61],{"class":60},[42,6465,4418],{"class":64},[42,6467,61],{"class":60},[42,6469,70],{"class":56},[42,6471,6472],{"class":60}," \"\"",[42,6474,70],{"class":56},[42,6476,73],{"class":60},[42,6478,4427],{"class":64},[42,6480,61],{"class":60},[42,6482,3970],{"class":56},[42,6484,6485],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6486,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,6488,6489,6492,6494,6496,6498,6501,6503,6505,6507,6510,6512,6515],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,6490,6491],{"class":114},"has_empty_string ",[42,6493,88],{"class":87},[42,6495,6365],{"class":52},[42,6497,57],{"class":56},[42,6499,6500],{"class":125},"word ",[42,6502,5029],{"class":87},[42,6504,6472],{"class":60},[42,6506,4215],{"class":48},[42,6508,6509],{"class":125}," word ",[42,6511,1299],{"class":48},[42,6513,6514],{"class":125}," words",[42,6516,143],{"class":56},[42,6518,6519,6521,6523,6526],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,6520,284],{"class":52},[42,6522,57],{"class":56},[42,6524,6525],{"class":125},"has_empty_string",[42,6527,143],{"class":56},[14,6529,2395],{},[33,6531,6532],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,6533,6534],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6535,6536],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6537,4318],{"class":4190},[14,6539,6540,6541,122],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[693,6542,6544],{"href":6543},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[28,6546,6548],{"id":6547},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,6550,6551,6552,1935],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[17,6553,4009],{},[33,6555,6557],{"className":35,"code":6556,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any([]))\n",[17,6558,6559],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6560,6561,6563,6565,6567],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6562,284],{"class":52},[42,6564,57],{"class":56},[42,6566,5697],{"class":52},[42,6568,4768],{"class":56},[14,6570,2395],{},[33,6572,6573],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,6574,6575],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6576,6577],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6578,4379],{"class":4190},[14,6580,6581],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,6583,6584,6585,6587],{},"The reason is simple: ",[17,6586,5527],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,6589,6590],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[33,6592,6594],{"className":35,"code":6593,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[17,6595,6596,6606,6621],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6597,6598,6600,6602,6604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6599,284],{"class":52},[42,6601,57],{"class":56},[42,6603,5697],{"class":52},[42,6605,4826],{"class":56},[42,6607,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6619],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6609,284],{"class":52},[42,6611,57],{"class":56},[42,6613,5697],{"class":52},[42,6615,57],{"class":56},[42,6617,6618],{"class":60},"\"\"",[42,6620,842],{"class":56},[42,6622,6623,6625,6627,6629,6631,6634],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,6624,284],{"class":52},[42,6626,57],{"class":56},[42,6628,5697],{"class":52},[42,6630,57],{"class":56},[42,6632,6633],{"class":834},"set",[42,6635,6636],{"class":56},"()))\n",[14,6638,2395],{},[33,6640,6642],{"className":35,"code":6641,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[17,6643,6644,6648,6652],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6645,6646],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6647,4379],{"class":4190},[42,6649,6650],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6651,4379],{"class":4190},[42,6653,6654],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,6655,4379],{"class":4190},[28,6657,6659],{"id":6658},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,6661,146,6662,6664],{},[17,6663,5527],{}," when you want to:",[167,6666,6667,6670,6673],{},[170,6668,6669],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[170,6671,6672],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[170,6674,6675],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,6677,6678],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[33,6680,6682],{"className":35,"code":6681,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[17,6683,6684,6709,6713,6723,6727,6740,6759,6770,6776,6781],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6685,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6707],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6687,3952],{"class":114},[42,6689,88],{"class":87},[42,6691,3957],{"class":56},[42,6693,3320],{"class":2348},[42,6695,70],{"class":56},[42,6697,2781],{"class":2348},[42,6699,70],{"class":56},[42,6701,4946],{"class":2348},[42,6703,70],{"class":56},[42,6705,6706],{"class":2348}," 8",[42,6708,3970],{"class":56},[42,6710,6711],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6712,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,6714,6715,6718,6720],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,6716,6717],{"class":114},"found_even ",[42,6719,88],{"class":87},[42,6721,6722],{"class":4190}," False\n",[42,6724,6725],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,6726,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,6728,6729,6731,6734,6736,6738],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,6730,6303],{"class":48},[42,6732,6733],{"class":114}," number ",[42,6735,1299],{"class":48},[42,6737,4603],{"class":114},[42,6739,108],{"class":56},[42,6741,6742,6745,6747,6750,6752,6755,6757],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,6743,6744],{"class":48},"    if",[42,6746,6733],{"class":114},[42,6748,6749],{"class":87},"%",[42,6751,3325],{"class":2348},[42,6753,6754],{"class":87}," ==",[42,6756,4171],{"class":2348},[42,6758,108],{"class":56},[42,6760,6762,6765,6767],{"class":44,"line":6761},7,[42,6763,6764],{"class":114},"        found_even ",[42,6766,88],{"class":87},[42,6768,6769],{"class":4190}," True\n",[42,6771,6773],{"class":44,"line":6772},8,[42,6774,6775],{"class":48},"        break\n",[42,6777,6779],{"class":44,"line":6778},9,[42,6780,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,6782,6784,6786,6788,6791],{"class":44,"line":6783},10,[42,6785,284],{"class":52},[42,6787,57],{"class":56},[42,6789,6790],{"class":125},"found_even",[42,6792,143],{"class":56},[14,6794,6795],{},"You can write:",[33,6797,6799],{"className":35,"code":6798,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[17,6800,6801,6825],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6802,6803,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6804,3952],{"class":114},[42,6806,88],{"class":87},[42,6808,3957],{"class":56},[42,6810,3320],{"class":2348},[42,6812,70],{"class":56},[42,6814,2781],{"class":2348},[42,6816,70],{"class":56},[42,6818,4946],{"class":2348},[42,6820,70],{"class":56},[42,6822,6706],{"class":2348},[42,6824,3970],{"class":56},[42,6826,6827,6829,6831,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,6828,284],{"class":52},[42,6830,57],{"class":56},[42,6832,5697],{"class":52},[42,6834,57],{"class":56},[42,6836,2542],{"class":125},[42,6838,6749],{"class":87},[42,6840,3325],{"class":2348},[42,6842,6754],{"class":87},[42,6844,4171],{"class":2348},[42,6846,4215],{"class":48},[42,6848,6733],{"class":125},[42,6850,1299],{"class":48},[42,6852,4603],{"class":125},[42,6854,842],{"class":56},[14,6856,6857,6858,6860],{},"Both work, but ",[17,6859,5527],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[28,6862,4859],{"id":4858},[14,6864,6865,6866,122],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[17,6867,5527],{},[1073,6869,6871],{"id":6870},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6873,4866],{},[33,6875,6877],{"className":35,"code":6876,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any(5))\n",[17,6878,6879],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6880,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6882,284],{"class":52},[42,6884,57],{"class":56},[42,6886,5697],{"class":52},[42,6888,57],{"class":56},[42,6890,2461],{"class":2348},[42,6892,842],{"class":56},[14,6894,6895,6896,6898],{},"It causes an error because ",[17,6897,2461],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6900,6901],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[33,6903,6905],{"className":35,"code":6904,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any([5]))\n",[17,6906,6907],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6908,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6910,284],{"class":52},[42,6912,57],{"class":56},[42,6914,5697],{"class":52},[42,6916,3317],{"class":56},[42,6918,2461],{"class":2348},[42,6920,3332],{"class":56},[1073,6922,6924],{"id":6923},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6926,6927,6929,6930,6933],{},[17,6928,5527],{}," needs only ",[177,6931,6932],{},"one"," truthy item.",[33,6935,6937],{"className":35,"code":6936,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[17,6938,6939],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6940,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957,6959],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6942,284],{"class":52},[42,6944,57],{"class":56},[42,6946,5697],{"class":52},[42,6948,3317],{"class":56},[42,6950,4009],{"class":4190},[42,6952,70],{"class":56},[42,6954,4245],{"class":4190},[42,6956,70],{"class":56},[42,6958,4254],{"class":4190},[42,6960,3332],{"class":56},[14,6962,2395],{},[33,6964,6965],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,6966,6967],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6968,6969],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6970,4318],{"class":4190},[14,6972,6973,6974,6978],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[693,6975,6976],{"href":5769},[17,6977,3911],{}," instead.",[1073,6980,6982],{"id":6981},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6984,6985,6986,122],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[17,6987,6988],{},"\"True\"",[33,6990,6992],{"className":35,"code":6991,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[17,6993,6994],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,6995,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,6997,284],{"class":52},[42,6999,57],{"class":56},[42,7001,5697],{"class":52},[42,7003,3317],{"class":56},[42,7005,61],{"class":60},[42,7007,4009],{"class":64},[42,7009,61],{"class":60},[42,7011,3332],{"class":56},[14,7013,2395],{},[33,7015,7016],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,7017,7018],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7019,7020],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7021,4318],{"class":4190},[14,7023,7024,7025,7028],{},"That is because ",[17,7026,7027],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1073,7030,7032],{"id":7031},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,7034,7035],{},"This works:",[33,7037,7039],{"className":35,"code":7038,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[17,7040,7041,7061],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7042,7043,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7044,3952],{"class":114},[42,7046,88],{"class":87},[42,7048,3957],{"class":56},[42,7050,3320],{"class":2348},[42,7052,70],{"class":56},[42,7054,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7056,70],{"class":56},[42,7058,2781],{"class":2348},[42,7060,3970],{"class":56},[42,7062,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7064,284],{"class":52},[42,7066,57],{"class":56},[42,7068,5697],{"class":52},[42,7070,3317],{"class":56},[42,7072,3358],{"class":125},[42,7074,4592],{"class":87},[42,7076,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7078,4215],{"class":48},[42,7080,4218],{"class":125},[42,7082,1299],{"class":48},[42,7084,4603],{"class":125},[42,7086,3332],{"class":56},[14,7088,7089],{},"But this is usually better:",[33,7091,7093],{"className":35,"code":7092,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[17,7094,7095,7115],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7096,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7098,3952],{"class":114},[42,7100,88],{"class":87},[42,7102,3957],{"class":56},[42,7104,3320],{"class":2348},[42,7106,70],{"class":56},[42,7108,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7110,70],{"class":56},[42,7112,2781],{"class":2348},[42,7114,3970],{"class":56},[42,7116,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133,7135,7137,7139],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7118,284],{"class":52},[42,7120,57],{"class":56},[42,7122,5697],{"class":52},[42,7124,57],{"class":56},[42,7126,3358],{"class":125},[42,7128,4592],{"class":87},[42,7130,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7132,4215],{"class":48},[42,7134,4218],{"class":125},[42,7136,1299],{"class":48},[42,7138,4603],{"class":125},[42,7140,842],{"class":56},[14,7142,7143],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[28,7145,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,7147,7149],{"id":7148},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,7151,5491,7152,7154,7155,122],{},[17,7153,3937],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[17,7156,4009],{},[1073,7158,7160],{"id":7159},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,7162,7163,2726,7165,7167],{},[17,7164,5527],{},[17,7166,4009],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1073,7169,7171],{"id":7170},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,7173,7174,7176,7177,7179],{},[17,7175,5527],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[17,7178,3911],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1073,7181,7183],{"id":7182},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,7185,7186],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[33,7188,7189],{"className":35,"code":6289,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,7190,7191],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7192,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7194,5697],{"class":52},[42,7196,57],{"class":56},[42,7198,6300],{"class":125},[42,7200,6303],{"class":48},[42,7202,6306],{"class":125},[42,7204,1299],{"class":48},[42,7206,6311],{"class":125},[42,7208,143],{"class":56},[14,7210,5816],{},[33,7212,7213],{"className":35,"code":7092,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,7214,7215,7235],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7216,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7218,3952],{"class":114},[42,7220,88],{"class":87},[42,7222,3957],{"class":56},[42,7224,3320],{"class":2348},[42,7226,70],{"class":56},[42,7228,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7230,70],{"class":56},[42,7232,2781],{"class":2348},[42,7234,3970],{"class":56},[42,7236,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7238,284],{"class":52},[42,7240,57],{"class":56},[42,7242,5697],{"class":52},[42,7244,57],{"class":56},[42,7246,3358],{"class":125},[42,7248,4592],{"class":87},[42,7250,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7252,4215],{"class":48},[42,7254,4218],{"class":125},[42,7256,1299],{"class":48},[42,7258,4603],{"class":125},[42,7260,842],{"class":56},[28,7262,2205],{"id":2204},[167,7264,7265,7271,7275,7279,7284],{},[170,7266,7267],{},[693,7268,7269,3841],{"href":5769},[17,7270,3911],{},[170,7272,7273],{},[693,7274,4144],{"href":6122},[170,7276,7277],{},[693,7278,5559],{"href":5931},[170,7280,7281],{},[693,7282,7283],{"href":6543},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[170,7285,7286],{},[693,7287,7288,3841],{"href":6125},[17,7289,4150],{},[2245,7291,7292],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":7294},[7295,7296,7297,7298,7299,7300,7301,7302,7308,7314],{"id":5719,"depth":111,"text":5720},{"id":5774,"depth":111,"text":5775},{"id":4065,"depth":111,"text":4066},{"id":6131,"depth":111,"text":6132},{"id":6274,"depth":111,"text":6275},{"id":6547,"depth":111,"text":6548},{"id":6658,"depth":111,"text":6659},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":7303},[7304,7305,7306,7307],{"id":6870,"depth":132,"text":6871},{"id":6923,"depth":132,"text":6924},{"id":6981,"depth":132,"text":6982},{"id":7031,"depth":132,"text":7032},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":7309},[7310,7311,7312,7313],{"id":7148,"depth":132,"text":7149},{"id":7159,"depth":132,"text":7160},{"id":7170,"depth":132,"text":7171},{"id":7182,"depth":132,"text":7183},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5622,"description":7315},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7321,"title":7322,"body":7323,"description":9454,"extension":2285,"meta":9455,"navigation":2287,"path":9456,"seo":9457,"stem":9458,"__hash__":9459},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7324,"toc":9417},[7325,7328,7337,7347,7349,7446,7448,7477,7493,7497,7502,7505,7515,7521,7527,7542,7544,7552,7559,7563,7566,7581,7586,7604,7609,7611,7659,7661,7678,7682,7688,7691,7726,7728,7834,7836,7873,7877,7885,7887,7907,7909,8030,8032,8061,8064,8087,8089,8097,8105,8109,8115,8119,8162,8164,8172,8175,8203,8205,8213,8217,8246,8248,8256,8288,8290,8298,8302,8353,8355,8363,8371,8375,8378,8430,8432,8453,8460,8464,8470,8473,8481,8503,8505,8513,8521,8544,8546,8554,8559,8564,8576,8578,8619,8630,8634,8643,8646,8649,8708,8711,8763,8766,8771,8787,8793,8795,8800,8809,8812,8834,8836,8844,8849,8852,8887,8889,8897,8901,8906,8944,8956,8959,9012,9020,9024,9027,9049,9058,9061,9102,9104,9127,9133,9139,9154,9156,9176,9179,9198,9200,9219,9223,9229,9308,9311,9325,9332,9334,9338,9345,9349,9353,9357,9362,9366,9371,9375,9382,9384,9414],[10,7326,7322],{"id":7327},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,7329,2303,7330,7332,7333,1327,7335,122],{},[17,7331,4150],{}," function converts a value to either ",[17,7334,3937],{},[17,7336,4009],{},[14,7338,7339,7340,7342,7343,7346],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[17,7341,4150],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[17,7344,7345],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[28,7348,3942],{"id":3941},[33,7350,7352],{"className":35,"code":7351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,7353,7354,7368,7382,7396,7414,7424],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7355,7356,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7357,284],{"class":52},[42,7359,57],{"class":56},[42,7361,4206],{"class":834},[42,7363,57],{"class":56},[42,7365,2445],{"class":2348},[42,7367,842],{"class":56},[42,7369,7370,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7371,284],{"class":52},[42,7373,57],{"class":56},[42,7375,4206],{"class":834},[42,7377,57],{"class":56},[42,7379,3320],{"class":2348},[42,7381,842],{"class":56},[42,7383,7384,7386,7388,7390,7392,7394],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,7385,284],{"class":52},[42,7387,57],{"class":56},[42,7389,4206],{"class":834},[42,7391,57],{"class":56},[42,7393,6618],{"class":60},[42,7395,842],{"class":56},[42,7397,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,7399,284],{"class":52},[42,7401,57],{"class":56},[42,7403,4206],{"class":834},[42,7405,57],{"class":56},[42,7407,61],{"class":60},[42,7409,4183],{"class":64},[42,7411,61],{"class":60},[42,7413,842],{"class":56},[42,7415,7416,7418,7420,7422],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,7417,284],{"class":52},[42,7419,57],{"class":56},[42,7421,4206],{"class":834},[42,7423,4768],{"class":56},[42,7425,7426,7428,7430,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,7427,284],{"class":52},[42,7429,57],{"class":56},[42,7431,4206],{"class":834},[42,7433,3317],{"class":56},[42,7435,3320],{"class":2348},[42,7437,70],{"class":56},[42,7439,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7441,70],{"class":56},[42,7443,2781],{"class":2348},[42,7445,3332],{"class":56},[14,7447,5904],{},[33,7449,7451],{"className":35,"code":7450,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,7452,7453,7457,7461,7465,7469,7473],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7454,7455],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7456,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7458,7459],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7460,4318],{"class":4190},[42,7462,7463],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,7464,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7466,7467],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,7468,4318],{"class":4190},[42,7470,7471],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,7472,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7474,7475],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,7476,4318],{"class":4190},[14,7478,146,7479,7482,7483,1327,7485,7487,7488,7490,7491,122],{},[17,7480,7481],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[17,7484,3937],{},[17,7486,4009],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[17,7489,4009],{},". Most other values become ",[17,7492,3937],{},[28,7494,7496],{"id":7495},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,7498,7499,7501],{},[17,7500,4150],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,7503,7504],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[167,7506,7507,7511],{},[170,7508,7509],{},[17,7510,3937],{},[170,7512,7513],{},[17,7514,4009],{},[14,7516,7517,7518,7520],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[17,7519,7345],{}," statements.",[14,7522,7523,7524,7526],{},"You can also call ",[17,7525,4150],{}," with no argument:",[33,7528,7530],{"className":35,"code":7529,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool())\n",[17,7531,7532],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7535,284],{"class":52},[42,7537,57],{"class":56},[42,7539,4206],{"class":834},[42,7541,584],{"class":56},[14,7543,2395],{},[33,7545,7546],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,7547,7548],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7549,7550],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7551,4379],{"class":4190},[14,7553,7554,7555,122],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[693,7556,7558],{"href":7557},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[28,7560,7562],{"id":7561},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,7564,7565],{},"The basic syntax is:",[33,7567,7569],{"className":35,"code":7568,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"bool(value)\n",[17,7570,7571],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7572,7573,7575,7577,7579],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7574,4206],{"class":834},[42,7576,57],{"class":56},[42,7578,2803],{"class":125},[42,7580,143],{"class":56},[14,7582,2303,7583,7585],{},[17,7584,2803],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[167,7587,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7599,7601],{},[170,7589,3984],{},[170,7591,5652],{},[170,7593,5643],{},[170,7595,5646],{},[170,7597,7598],{},"dictionaries",[170,7600,5649],{},[170,7602,7603],{},"other objects",[14,7605,7606,7607,122],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[17,7608,4009],{},[14,7610,219],{},[33,7612,7614],{"className":35,"code":7613,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[17,7615,7616,7630,7649],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7617,7618,7620,7622,7624,7626,7628],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7619,284],{"class":52},[42,7621,57],{"class":56},[42,7623,4206],{"class":834},[42,7625,57],{"class":56},[42,7627,2659],{"class":2348},[42,7629,842],{"class":56},[42,7631,7632,7634,7636,7638,7640,7642,7645,7647],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7633,284],{"class":52},[42,7635,57],{"class":56},[42,7637,4206],{"class":834},[42,7639,57],{"class":56},[42,7641,61],{"class":60},[42,7643,7644],{"class":64},"Python",[42,7646,61],{"class":60},[42,7648,842],{"class":56},[42,7650,7651,7653,7655,7657],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,7652,284],{"class":52},[42,7654,57],{"class":56},[42,7656,4206],{"class":834},[42,7658,584],{"class":56},[14,7660,2395],{},[33,7662,7664],{"className":35,"code":7663,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[17,7665,7666,7670,7674],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7667,7668],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7669,4318],{"class":4190},[42,7671,7672],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7673,4318],{"class":4190},[42,7675,7676],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,7677,4379],{"class":4190},[28,7679,7681],{"id":7680},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,7683,7684,7685,7687],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[177,7686,5941],{}," values.",[14,7689,7690],{},"Common examples:",[167,7692,7693,7697,7701,7705,7709,7714,7718,7722],{},[170,7694,7695],{},[17,7696,2445],{},[170,7698,7699],{},[17,7700,4105],{},[170,7702,7703],{},[17,7704,6618],{},[170,7706,7707],{},[17,7708,4124],{},[170,7710,7711],{},[17,7712,7713],{},"()",[170,7715,7716],{},[17,7717,4129],{},[170,7719,7720],{},[17,7721,4134],{},[170,7723,7724],{},[17,7725,4115],{},[14,7727,219],{},[33,7729,7731],{"className":35,"code":7730,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[17,7732,7733,7747,7761,7775,7785,7795,7806,7820],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7734,7735,7737,7739,7741,7743,7745],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7736,284],{"class":52},[42,7738,57],{"class":56},[42,7740,4206],{"class":834},[42,7742,57],{"class":56},[42,7744,2445],{"class":2348},[42,7746,842],{"class":56},[42,7748,7749,7751,7753,7755,7757,7759],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7750,284],{"class":52},[42,7752,57],{"class":56},[42,7754,4206],{"class":834},[42,7756,57],{"class":56},[42,7758,4105],{"class":2348},[42,7760,842],{"class":56},[42,7762,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771,7773],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,7764,284],{"class":52},[42,7766,57],{"class":56},[42,7768,4206],{"class":834},[42,7770,57],{"class":56},[42,7772,6618],{"class":60},[42,7774,842],{"class":56},[42,7776,7777,7779,7781,7783],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,7778,284],{"class":52},[42,7780,57],{"class":56},[42,7782,4206],{"class":834},[42,7784,4768],{"class":56},[42,7786,7787,7789,7791,7793],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,7788,284],{"class":52},[42,7790,57],{"class":56},[42,7792,4206],{"class":834},[42,7794,4826],{"class":56},[42,7796,7797,7799,7801,7803],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,7798,284],{"class":52},[42,7800,57],{"class":56},[42,7802,4206],{"class":834},[42,7804,7805],{"class":56},"({}))\n",[42,7807,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,7809,284],{"class":52},[42,7811,57],{"class":56},[42,7813,4206],{"class":834},[42,7815,57],{"class":56},[42,7817,6633],{"class":834},[42,7819,6636],{"class":56},[42,7821,7822,7824,7826,7828,7830,7832],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,7823,284],{"class":52},[42,7825,57],{"class":56},[42,7827,4206],{"class":834},[42,7829,57],{"class":56},[42,7831,4115],{"class":4190},[42,7833,842],{"class":56},[14,7835,2395],{},[33,7837,7839],{"className":35,"code":7838,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[17,7840,7841,7845,7849,7853,7857,7861,7865,7869],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7842,7843],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7844,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7846,7847],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7848,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7850,7851],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,7852,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7854,7855],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,7856,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7858,7859],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,7860,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7862,7863],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,7864,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7866,7867],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,7868,4379],{"class":4190},[42,7870,7871],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,7872,4379],{"class":4190},[28,7874,7876],{"id":7875},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7878,7879,7880,7882,7883,7687],{},"Many values become ",[17,7881,3937],{},". These are often called ",[177,7884,5938],{},[14,7886,7690],{},[167,7888,7889,7892,7895,7898,7901,7904],{},[170,7890,7891],{},"non-zero numbers",[170,7893,7894],{},"non-empty strings",[170,7896,7897],{},"non-empty lists",[170,7899,7900],{},"non-empty tuples",[170,7902,7903],{},"non-empty sets",[170,7905,7906],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7908,219],{},[33,7910,7912],{"className":35,"code":7911,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[17,7913,7914,7928,7944,7962,7984,8002],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,7915,7916,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,7917,284],{"class":52},[42,7919,57],{"class":56},[42,7921,4206],{"class":834},[42,7923,57],{"class":56},[42,7925,2461],{"class":2348},[42,7927,842],{"class":56},[42,7929,7930,7932,7934,7936,7938,7940,7942],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,7931,284],{"class":52},[42,7933,57],{"class":56},[42,7935,4206],{"class":834},[42,7937,57],{"class":56},[42,7939,2345],{"class":87},[42,7941,2381],{"class":2348},[42,7943,842],{"class":56},[42,7945,7946,7948,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,7947,284],{"class":52},[42,7949,57],{"class":56},[42,7951,4206],{"class":834},[42,7953,57],{"class":56},[42,7955,61],{"class":60},[42,7957,4183],{"class":64},[42,7959,61],{"class":60},[42,7961,842],{"class":56},[42,7963,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,7965,284],{"class":52},[42,7967,57],{"class":56},[42,7969,4206],{"class":834},[42,7971,3317],{"class":56},[42,7973,3320],{"class":2348},[42,7975,70],{"class":56},[42,7977,3325],{"class":2348},[42,7979,70],{"class":56},[42,7981,2781],{"class":2348},[42,7983,3332],{"class":56},[42,7985,7986,7988,7990,7992,7994,7996,7998,8000],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,7987,284],{"class":52},[42,7989,57],{"class":56},[42,7991,4206],{"class":834},[42,7993,5855],{"class":56},[42,7995,3320],{"class":2348},[42,7997,70],{"class":56},[42,7999,3325],{"class":2348},[42,8001,3243],{"class":56},[42,8003,8004,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8017,8019,8021,8023,8026,8028],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,8005,284],{"class":52},[42,8007,57],{"class":56},[42,8009,4206],{"class":834},[42,8011,5874],{"class":56},[42,8013,61],{"class":60},[42,8015,8016],{"class":64},"name",[42,8018,61],{"class":60},[42,8020,1935],{"class":56},[42,8022,73],{"class":60},[42,8024,8025],{"class":64},"Sam",[42,8027,61],{"class":60},[42,8029,5883],{"class":56},[14,8031,2395],{},[33,8033,8035],{"className":35,"code":8034,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[17,8036,8037,8041,8045,8049,8053,8057],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8038,8039],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8040,4318],{"class":4190},[42,8042,8043],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8044,4318],{"class":4190},[42,8046,8047],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,8048,4318],{"class":4190},[42,8050,8051],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,8052,4318],{"class":4190},[42,8054,8055],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,8056,4318],{"class":4190},[42,8058,8059],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,8060,4318],{"class":4190},[14,8062,8063],{},"One important example is this:",[33,8065,8067],{"className":35,"code":8066,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[17,8068,8069],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8070,8071,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8072,284],{"class":52},[42,8074,57],{"class":56},[42,8076,4206],{"class":834},[42,8078,57],{"class":56},[42,8080,61],{"class":60},[42,8082,4009],{"class":64},[42,8084,61],{"class":60},[42,8086,842],{"class":56},[14,8088,2395],{},[33,8090,8091],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8092,8093],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8094,8095],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8096,4318],{"class":4190},[14,8098,8099,8100,8102,8103,122],{},"Even though the text says ",[17,8101,7027],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[17,8104,3937],{},[28,8106,8108],{"id":8107},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,8110,8111,8112,8114],{},"You can use ",[17,8113,4150],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1073,8116,8118],{"id":8117},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[33,8120,8122],{"className":35,"code":8121,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[17,8123,8124,8147],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8125,8126,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8140,8142,8145],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8127,8128],{"class":114},"items ",[42,8130,88],{"class":87},[42,8132,3957],{"class":56},[42,8134,2659],{"class":2348},[42,8136,70],{"class":56},[42,8138,8139],{"class":2348}," 20",[42,8141,70],{"class":56},[42,8143,8144],{"class":2348}," 30",[42,8146,3970],{"class":56},[42,8148,8149,8151,8153,8155,8157,8160],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8150,284],{"class":52},[42,8152,57],{"class":56},[42,8154,4206],{"class":834},[42,8156,57],{"class":56},[42,8158,8159],{"class":125},"items",[42,8161,842],{"class":56},[14,8163,2395],{},[33,8165,8166],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8167,8168],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8169,8170],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8171,4318],{"class":4190},[14,8173,8174],{},"With an empty list:",[33,8176,8178],{"className":35,"code":8177,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[17,8179,8180,8189],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8181,8182,8184,8186],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8183,8128],{"class":114},[42,8185,88],{"class":87},[42,8187,8188],{"class":56}," []\n",[42,8190,8191,8193,8195,8197,8199,8201],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8192,284],{"class":52},[42,8194,57],{"class":56},[42,8196,4206],{"class":834},[42,8198,57],{"class":56},[42,8200,8159],{"class":125},[42,8202,842],{"class":56},[14,8204,2395],{},[33,8206,8207],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8208,8209],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8210,8211],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8212,4379],{"class":4190},[1073,8214,8216],{"id":8215},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[33,8218,8220],{"className":35,"code":8219,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[17,8221,8222,8232],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8223,8224,8227,8229],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8225,8226],{"class":114},"name ",[42,8228,88],{"class":87},[42,8230,8231],{"class":60}," \"\"\n",[42,8233,8234,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8235,284],{"class":52},[42,8237,57],{"class":56},[42,8239,4206],{"class":834},[42,8241,57],{"class":56},[42,8243,8016],{"class":125},[42,8245,842],{"class":56},[14,8247,2395],{},[33,8249,8250],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8251,8252],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8253,8254],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8255,4379],{"class":4190},[33,8257,8259],{"className":35,"code":8258,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[17,8260,8261,8274],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8262,8263,8265,8267,8269,8272],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8264,8226],{"class":114},[42,8266,88],{"class":87},[42,8268,73],{"class":60},[42,8270,8271],{"class":64},"Mia",[42,8273,3689],{"class":60},[42,8275,8276,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8277,284],{"class":52},[42,8279,57],{"class":56},[42,8281,4206],{"class":834},[42,8283,57],{"class":56},[42,8285,8016],{"class":125},[42,8287,842],{"class":56},[14,8289,2395],{},[33,8291,8292],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8293,8294],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8295,8296],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8297,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,8299,8301],{"id":8300},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[33,8303,8305],{"className":35,"code":8304,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[17,8306,8307,8321,8338,8342],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8308,8309,8312,8314,8316,8319],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8310,8311],{"class":114},"username ",[42,8313,88],{"class":87},[42,8315,73],{"class":60},[42,8317,8318],{"class":64},"alex",[42,8320,3689],{"class":60},[42,8322,8323,8326,8328,8331,8333,8336],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8324,8325],{"class":114},"has_name ",[42,8327,88],{"class":87},[42,8329,8330],{"class":834}," bool",[42,8332,57],{"class":56},[42,8334,8335],{"class":125},"username",[42,8337,143],{"class":56},[42,8339,8340],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,8341,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,8343,8344,8346,8348,8351],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,8345,284],{"class":52},[42,8347,57],{"class":56},[42,8349,8350],{"class":125},"has_name",[42,8352,143],{"class":56},[14,8354,2395],{},[33,8356,8357],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8358,8359],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8360,8361],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8362,4318],{"class":4190},[14,8364,8365,8366,1327,8368,8370],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[17,8367,3937],{},[17,8369,4009],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1073,8372,8374],{"id":8373},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,8376,8377],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[33,8379,8381],{"className":35,"code":8380,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[17,8382,8383,8403,8407,8415],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8384,8385,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397,8399,8401],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8386,3952],{"class":114},[42,8388,88],{"class":87},[42,8390,3957],{"class":56},[42,8392,3320],{"class":2348},[42,8394,70],{"class":56},[42,8396,3325],{"class":2348},[42,8398,70],{"class":56},[42,8400,2781],{"class":2348},[42,8402,3970],{"class":56},[42,8404,8405],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8406,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,8408,8409,8411,8413],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,8410,7345],{"class":48},[42,8412,4603],{"class":114},[42,8414,108],{"class":56},[42,8416,8417,8419,8421,8423,8426,8428],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,8418,135],{"class":52},[42,8420,57],{"class":56},[42,8422,61],{"class":60},[42,8424,8425],{"class":64},"The list is not empty",[42,8427,61],{"class":60},[42,8429,143],{"class":56},[14,8431,2395],{},[33,8433,8435],{"className":35,"code":8434,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"The list is not empty\n",[17,8436,8437],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8438,8439,8441,8444,8447,8450],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8440,2303],{"class":114},[42,8442,8443],{"class":834},"list",[42,8445,8446],{"class":87}," is",[42,8448,8449],{"class":87}," not",[42,8451,8452],{"class":114}," empty\n",[14,8454,8455,8456,122],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[693,8457,8459],{"href":8458},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[28,8461,8463],{"id":8462},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,8465,8466,8467,8469],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[17,8468,4150],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,8471,8472],{},"It does not do that.",[1073,8474,8476,2726,8479],{"id":8475},"boolfalse-returns-true",[17,8477,8478],{},"bool(\"False\")",[17,8480,3937],{},[33,8482,8483],{"className":35,"code":8066,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8484,8485],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8486,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8488,284],{"class":52},[42,8490,57],{"class":56},[42,8492,4206],{"class":834},[42,8494,57],{"class":56},[42,8496,61],{"class":60},[42,8498,4009],{"class":64},[42,8500,61],{"class":60},[42,8502,842],{"class":56},[14,8504,2395],{},[33,8506,8507],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8508,8509],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8510,8511],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8512,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,8514,8516,2726,8519],{"id":8515},"bool0-returns-true",[17,8517,8518],{},"bool(\"0\")",[17,8520,3937],{},[33,8522,8524],{"className":35,"code":8523,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[17,8525,8526],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8527,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8529,284],{"class":52},[42,8531,57],{"class":56},[42,8533,4206],{"class":834},[42,8535,57],{"class":56},[42,8537,61],{"class":60},[42,8539,2445],{"class":64},[42,8541,61],{"class":60},[42,8543,842],{"class":56},[14,8545,2395],{},[33,8547,8548],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8549,8550],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8551,8552],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8553,4318],{"class":4190},[14,8555,8556,8557,122],{},"This happens because both values are ",[177,8558,7894],{},[14,8560,8561,8563],{},[17,8562,4150],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,8565,8566,8567,8572,8573,8575],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[693,8568,8570],{"href":8569},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[17,8571,3289],{},", because ",[17,8574,3289],{}," always returns a string.",[14,8577,219],{},[33,8579,8581],{"className":35,"code":8580,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[17,8582,8583,8604],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8584,8585,8588,8590,8593,8595,8597,8600,8602],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8586,8587],{"class":114},"user_value ",[42,8589,88],{"class":87},[42,8591,8592],{"class":52}," input",[42,8594,57],{"class":56},[42,8596,61],{"class":60},[42,8598,8599],{"class":64},"Enter True or False: ",[42,8601,61],{"class":60},[42,8603,143],{"class":56},[42,8605,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614,8617],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8607,284],{"class":52},[42,8609,57],{"class":56},[42,8611,4206],{"class":834},[42,8613,57],{"class":56},[42,8615,8616],{"class":125},"user_value",[42,8618,842],{"class":56},[14,8620,8621,8622,8624,8625,8572,8627,8629],{},"If the user types ",[17,8623,4009],{},", the result will still be ",[17,8626,3937],{},[17,8628,7027],{}," is not empty.",[28,8631,8633],{"id":8632},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,8635,8636,8637,8639,8640,8642],{},"In many ",[17,8638,7345],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[17,8641,4150],{}," yourself.",[14,8644,8645],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,8647,8648],{},"Instead of this:",[33,8650,8652],{"className":35,"code":8651,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[17,8653,8654,8675,8679,8693],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8655,8656,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671,8673],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8657,8658],{"class":114},"my_list ",[42,8660,88],{"class":87},[42,8662,3957],{"class":56},[42,8664,3320],{"class":2348},[42,8666,70],{"class":56},[42,8668,3325],{"class":2348},[42,8670,70],{"class":56},[42,8672,2781],{"class":2348},[42,8674,3970],{"class":56},[42,8676,8677],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8678,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,8680,8681,8683,8685,8687,8690],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,8682,7345],{"class":48},[42,8684,8330],{"class":834},[42,8686,57],{"class":56},[42,8688,8689],{"class":125},"my_list",[42,8691,8692],{"class":56},"):\n",[42,8694,8695,8697,8699,8701,8704,8706],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,8696,135],{"class":52},[42,8698,57],{"class":56},[42,8700,61],{"class":60},[42,8702,8703],{"class":64},"List has items",[42,8705,61],{"class":60},[42,8707,143],{"class":56},[14,8709,8710],{},"You can simply write:",[33,8712,8714],{"className":35,"code":8713,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[17,8715,8716,8736,8740,8749],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8717,8718,8720,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8719,8658],{"class":114},[42,8721,88],{"class":87},[42,8723,3957],{"class":56},[42,8725,3320],{"class":2348},[42,8727,70],{"class":56},[42,8729,3325],{"class":2348},[42,8731,70],{"class":56},[42,8733,2781],{"class":2348},[42,8735,3970],{"class":56},[42,8737,8738],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8739,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,8741,8742,8744,8747],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,8743,7345],{"class":48},[42,8745,8746],{"class":114}," my_list",[42,8748,108],{"class":56},[42,8750,8751,8753,8755,8757,8759,8761],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,8752,135],{"class":52},[42,8754,57],{"class":56},[42,8756,61],{"class":60},[42,8758,8703],{"class":64},[42,8760,61],{"class":60},[42,8762,143],{"class":56},[14,8764,8765],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8767,1940,8768,8770],{},[17,8769,4150],{}," is still helpful when:",[167,8772,8773,8776,8784],{},[170,8774,8775],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[170,8777,8778,8779,1327,8781,8783],{},"you want to store a real ",[17,8780,3937],{},[17,8782,4009],{}," value",[170,8785,8786],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8788,8789,8790,122],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[693,8791,8792],{"href":2627},"Python type() function explained",[28,8794,1929],{"id":1928},[14,8796,8797,8798,122],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[17,8799,4150],{},[1073,8801,8803,8804,8806,8807],{"id":8802},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[17,8805,8478],{}," to return ",[17,8808,4009],{},[14,8810,8811],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[33,8813,8814],{"className":35,"code":8066,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8815,8816],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8817,8818,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8819,284],{"class":52},[42,8821,57],{"class":56},[42,8823,4206],{"class":834},[42,8825,57],{"class":56},[42,8827,61],{"class":60},[42,8829,4009],{"class":64},[42,8831,61],{"class":60},[42,8833,842],{"class":56},[14,8835,2395],{},[33,8837,8838],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8839,8840],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8841,8842],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8843,4318],{"class":4190},[14,8845,8846,8847,7028],{},"Why? Because ",[17,8848,7027],{},[14,8850,8851],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[33,8853,8855],{"className":35,"code":8854,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[17,8856,8857,8869],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8858,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8860,2776],{"class":114},[42,8862,88],{"class":87},[42,8864,73],{"class":60},[42,8866,4009],{"class":64},[42,8868,3689],{"class":60},[42,8870,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8885],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8872,284],{"class":52},[42,8874,57],{"class":56},[42,8876,2776],{"class":125},[42,8878,5029],{"class":87},[42,8880,73],{"class":60},[42,8882,3937],{"class":64},[42,8884,61],{"class":60},[42,8886,143],{"class":56},[14,8888,2395],{},[33,8890,8891],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,8892,8893],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8894,8895],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8896,4379],{"class":4190},[1073,8898,8900],{"id":8899},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8902,8903,8905],{},[17,8904,3289],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[33,8907,8909],{"className":35,"code":8908,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[17,8910,8911,8930],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8912,8913,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923,8926,8928],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8914,2776],{"class":114},[42,8916,88],{"class":87},[42,8918,8592],{"class":52},[42,8920,57],{"class":56},[42,8922,61],{"class":60},[42,8924,8925],{"class":64},"Enter yes or no: ",[42,8927,61],{"class":60},[42,8929,143],{"class":56},[42,8931,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8933,284],{"class":52},[42,8935,57],{"class":56},[42,8937,4206],{"class":834},[42,8939,57],{"class":56},[42,8941,2803],{"class":125},[42,8943,842],{"class":56},[14,8945,8621,8946,8949,8950,8952,8953,8629],{},[17,8947,8948],{},"no",", the result is still ",[17,8951,3937],{}," because ",[17,8954,8955],{},"\"no\"",[14,8957,8958],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[33,8960,8962],{"className":35,"code":8961,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[17,8963,8964,8993],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,8965,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976,8978,8980,8983,8985,8988,8991],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,8967,2776],{"class":114},[42,8969,88],{"class":87},[42,8971,8592],{"class":52},[42,8973,57],{"class":56},[42,8975,61],{"class":60},[42,8977,8925],{"class":64},[42,8979,61],{"class":60},[42,8981,8982],{"class":56},").",[42,8984,1317],{"class":125},[42,8986,8987],{"class":56},"().",[42,8989,8990],{"class":125},"lower",[42,8992,129],{"class":56},[42,8994,8995,8997,8999,9001,9003,9005,9008,9010],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,8996,284],{"class":52},[42,8998,57],{"class":56},[42,9000,2776],{"class":125},[42,9002,5029],{"class":87},[42,9004,73],{"class":60},[42,9006,9007],{"class":64},"yes",[42,9009,61],{"class":60},[42,9011,143],{"class":56},[14,9013,9014,9015,9017,9018,122],{},"This gives ",[17,9016,3937],{}," only when the user enters ",[17,9019,9007],{},[1073,9021,9023],{"id":9022},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,9025,9026],{},"These are different:",[167,9028,9029,9033,9037,9041,9045],{},[170,9030,9031],{},[17,9032,4009],{},[170,9034,9035],{},[17,9036,2445],{},[170,9038,9039],{},[17,9040,6618],{},[170,9042,9043],{},[17,9044,4124],{},[170,9046,9047],{},[17,9048,4115],{},[14,9050,9051,9052,9054,9055,9057],{},"They all become ",[17,9053,4009],{}," with ",[17,9056,4150],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,9059,9060],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[33,9062,9064],{"className":35,"code":9063,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[17,9065,9066,9074,9088],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9067,9068,9070,9072],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9069,2776],{"class":114},[42,9071,88],{"class":87},[42,9073,8188],{"class":56},[42,9075,9076,9078,9080,9082,9084,9086],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9077,284],{"class":52},[42,9079,57],{"class":56},[42,9081,835],{"class":834},[42,9083,57],{"class":56},[42,9085,2803],{"class":125},[42,9087,842],{"class":56},[42,9089,9090,9092,9094,9096,9098,9100],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,9091,284],{"class":52},[42,9093,57],{"class":56},[42,9095,4206],{"class":834},[42,9097,57],{"class":56},[42,9099,2803],{"class":125},[42,9101,842],{"class":56},[14,9103,2395],{},[33,9105,9107],{"className":35,"code":9106,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[17,9108,9109,9123],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9110,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9112,855],{"class":87},[42,9114,859],{"class":858},[42,9116,862],{"class":60},[42,9118,8443],{"class":64},[42,9120,868],{"class":60},[42,9122,871],{"class":87},[42,9124,9125],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9126,4379],{"class":4190},[1073,9128,1940,9130,9132],{"id":9129},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[17,9131,4129],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,9134,9135,9136,9138],{},"In Python, ",[17,9137,4129],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[33,9140,9142],{"className":35,"code":9141,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type({}))\n",[17,9143,9144],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9145,9146,9148,9150,9152],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9147,284],{"class":52},[42,9149,57],{"class":56},[42,9151,835],{"class":834},[42,9153,7805],{"class":56},[14,9155,2395],{},[33,9157,9159],{"className":35,"code":9158,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,9160,9161],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9162,9163,9165,9167,9169,9172,9174],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9164,855],{"class":87},[42,9166,859],{"class":858},[42,9168,862],{"class":60},[42,9170,9171],{"class":64},"dict",[42,9173,868],{"class":60},[42,9175,871],{"class":87},[14,9177,9178],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[33,9180,9182],{"className":35,"code":9181,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(set()))\n",[17,9183,9184],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9185,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194,9196],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9187,284],{"class":52},[42,9189,57],{"class":56},[42,9191,835],{"class":834},[42,9193,57],{"class":56},[42,9195,6633],{"class":834},[42,9197,6636],{"class":56},[14,9199,2395],{},[33,9201,9203],{"className":35,"code":9202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,9204,9205],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9206,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9208,855],{"class":87},[42,9210,859],{"class":858},[42,9212,862],{"class":60},[42,9214,6633],{"class":64},[42,9216,868],{"class":60},[42,9218,871],{"class":87},[28,9220,9222],{"id":9221},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,9224,9225,9226,9228],{},"If ",[17,9227,4150],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[33,9230,9232],{"className":35,"code":9231,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[17,9233,9234,9248,9262,9272,9290],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9235,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9237,284],{"class":52},[42,9239,57],{"class":56},[42,9241,4206],{"class":834},[42,9243,57],{"class":56},[42,9245,2803],{"class":125},[42,9247,842],{"class":56},[42,9249,9250,9252,9254,9256,9258,9260],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9251,284],{"class":52},[42,9253,57],{"class":56},[42,9255,835],{"class":834},[42,9257,57],{"class":56},[42,9259,2803],{"class":125},[42,9261,842],{"class":56},[42,9263,9264,9266,9268,9270],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,9265,284],{"class":52},[42,9267,57],{"class":56},[42,9269,2803],{"class":125},[42,9271,143],{"class":56},[42,9273,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9288],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,9275,284],{"class":52},[42,9277,57],{"class":56},[42,9279,2776],{"class":125},[42,9281,5029],{"class":87},[42,9283,73],{"class":60},[42,9285,3937],{"class":64},[42,9287,61],{"class":60},[42,9289,143],{"class":56},[42,9291,9292,9294,9296,9298,9300,9302,9304,9306],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,9293,284],{"class":52},[42,9295,57],{"class":56},[42,9297,2803],{"class":125},[42,9299,122],{"class":56},[42,9301,1317],{"class":125},[42,9303,8987],{"class":56},[42,9305,8990],{"class":125},[42,9307,584],{"class":56},[14,9309,9310],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[167,9312,9313,9316,9319,9322],{},[170,9314,9315],{},"what the value really is",[170,9317,9318],{},"whether it is a string",[170,9320,9321],{},"whether it contains spaces",[170,9323,9324],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,9326,9327,9328,122],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[693,9329,9331],{"href":9330},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[28,9333,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,9335,9337],{"id":9336},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,9339,9340,9341,1327,9343,122],{},"It returns either ",[17,9342,3937],{},[17,9344,4009],{},[1073,9346,9348],{"id":9347},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,9350,5491,9351,122],{},[17,9352,4009],{},[1073,9354,9356],{"id":9355},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,9358,9359,9360,122],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[17,9361,3937],{},[1073,9363,9365],{"id":9364},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,9367,9368,9369,122],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[17,9370,4009],{},[1073,9372,9374],{"id":9373},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,9376,9377,9378,1327,9380,4074],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[17,9379,3937],{},[17,9381,4009],{},[28,9383,2205],{"id":2204},[167,9385,9386,9391,9395,9400,9404,9409],{},[170,9387,9388],{},[693,9389,9390],{"href":6122},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[170,9392,9393],{},[693,9394,8459],{"href":8458},[170,9396,9397],{},[693,9398,9399],{"href":8569},"Python input() function explained",[170,9401,9402],{},[693,9403,8792],{"href":2627},[170,9405,9406],{},[693,9407,9408],{"href":9330},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[170,9410,9411],{},[693,9412,9413],{"href":7557},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2245,9415,9416],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":9418},[9419,9420,9421,9422,9423,9424,9430,9436,9437,9445,9446,9453],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":7495,"depth":111,"text":7496},{"id":7561,"depth":111,"text":7562},{"id":7680,"depth":111,"text":7681},{"id":7875,"depth":111,"text":7876},{"id":8107,"depth":111,"text":8108,"children":9425},[9426,9427,9428,9429],{"id":8117,"depth":132,"text":8118},{"id":8215,"depth":132,"text":8216},{"id":8300,"depth":132,"text":8301},{"id":8373,"depth":132,"text":8374},{"id":8462,"depth":111,"text":8463,"children":9431},[9432,9434],{"id":8475,"depth":132,"text":9433},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8515,"depth":132,"text":9435},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8632,"depth":111,"text":8633},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":9438},[9439,9441,9442,9443],{"id":8802,"depth":132,"text":9440},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8899,"depth":132,"text":8900},{"id":9022,"depth":132,"text":9023},{"id":9129,"depth":132,"text":9444},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9221,"depth":111,"text":9222},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":9447},[9448,9449,9450,9451,9452],{"id":9336,"depth":132,"text":9337},{"id":9347,"depth":132,"text":9348},{"id":9355,"depth":132,"text":9356},{"id":9364,"depth":132,"text":9365},{"id":9373,"depth":132,"text":9374},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7322,"description":9454},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9461,"title":9462,"body":9463,"description":11658,"extension":2285,"meta":11659,"navigation":2287,"path":11660,"seo":11661,"stem":11662,"__hash__":11663},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9464,"toc":11620},[9465,9471,9477,9484,9489,9500,9507,9615,9619,9688,9693,9698,9703,9706,9717,9722,9725,9736,9743,9745,9750,9754,9779,9783,9792,9796,9859,9863,9896,9900,9945,9949,9986,9990,9993,10049,10053,10099,10102,10107,10146,10150,10173,10176,10190,10203,10207,10212,10279,10283,10319,10322,10330,10333,10397,10401,10433,10439,10441,10501,10508,10511,10589,10593,10626,10630,10633,10677,10681,10717,10720,10737,10740,10743,10796,10799,10810,10817,10826,10829,10887,10891,10932,10940,10948,10954,10962,10974,10979,10990,11063,11066,11078,11094,11098,11103,11107,11109,11152,11158,11161,11224,11228,11231,11240,11245,11282,11286,11289,11297,11300,11339,11343,11346,11397,11401,11422,11429,11431,11437,11464,11467,11522,11525,11536,11538,11545,11553,11559,11564,11571,11574,11581,11588,11590,11617],[10,9466,3908,9468,3912],{"id":9467},"python-dict-function-explained",[17,9469,9470],{},"dict()",[14,9472,9473,9474,9476],{},"The built-in ",[17,9475,9470],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,9478,9479,9480,9483],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[177,9481,9482],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,9485,9486,9488],{},[17,9487,9470],{}," is commonly used to:",[167,9490,9491,9494,9497],{},[170,9492,9493],{},"create an empty dictionary",[170,9495,9496],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[170,9498,9499],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9501,9502,9503,122],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[693,9504,9506],{"href":9505},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[33,9508,9510],{"className":35,"code":9509,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[17,9511,9512,9546,9557,9561,9600],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9513,9514,9517,9519,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9539,9541,9544],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9515,9516],{"class":114},"data ",[42,9518,88],{"class":87},[42,9520,9521],{"class":834}," dict",[42,9523,57],{"class":56},[42,9525,8016],{"class":83},[42,9527,88],{"class":87},[42,9529,868],{"class":60},[42,9531,5346],{"class":64},[42,9533,868],{"class":60},[42,9535,70],{"class":56},[42,9537,9538],{"class":83}," age",[42,9540,88],{"class":87},[42,9542,9543],{"class":2348},"25",[42,9545,143],{"class":56},[42,9547,9548,9550,9552,9555],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9549,284],{"class":52},[42,9551,57],{"class":56},[42,9553,9554],{"class":125},"data",[42,9556,143],{"class":56},[42,9558,9559],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,9560,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,9562,9563,9566,9568,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581,9584,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,9564,9565],{"class":114},"pairs ",[42,9567,88],{"class":87},[42,9569,9570],{"class":56}," [(",[42,9572,868],{"class":60},[42,9574,693],{"class":64},[42,9576,868],{"class":60},[42,9578,70],{"class":56},[42,9580,5842],{"class":2348},[42,9582,9583],{"class":56},"),",[42,9585,9586],{"class":56}," (",[42,9588,868],{"class":60},[42,9590,5102],{"class":64},[42,9592,868],{"class":60},[42,9594,70],{"class":56},[42,9596,3325],{"class":2348},[42,9598,9599],{"class":56},")]\n",[42,9601,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9613],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,9603,284],{"class":52},[42,9605,57],{"class":56},[42,9607,9171],{"class":834},[42,9609,57],{"class":56},[42,9611,9612],{"class":125},"pairs",[42,9614,842],{"class":56},[14,9616,9617],{},[177,9618,2395],{},[33,9620,9622],{"className":35,"code":9621,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,9623,9624,9660],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9625,9626,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9650,9652,9654,9657],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9627,9628],{"class":56},"{",[42,9630,868],{"class":60},[42,9632,8016],{"class":64},[42,9634,868],{"class":60},[42,9636,1935],{"class":56},[42,9638,862],{"class":60},[42,9640,5346],{"class":64},[42,9642,868],{"class":60},[42,9644,70],{"class":56},[42,9646,862],{"class":60},[42,9648,9649],{"class":64},"age",[42,9651,868],{"class":60},[42,9653,1935],{"class":56},[42,9655,9656],{"class":2348}," 25",[42,9658,9659],{"class":56},"}\n",[42,9661,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9686],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9663,9628],{"class":56},[42,9665,868],{"class":60},[42,9667,693],{"class":64},[42,9669,868],{"class":60},[42,9671,1935],{"class":56},[42,9673,5842],{"class":2348},[42,9675,70],{"class":56},[42,9677,862],{"class":60},[42,9679,5102],{"class":64},[42,9681,868],{"class":60},[42,9683,1935],{"class":56},[42,9685,3325],{"class":2348},[42,9687,9659],{"class":56},[14,9689,146,9690,9692],{},[17,9691,9470],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[28,9694,4013,9696,4016],{"id":9695},"what-dict-does",[17,9697,9470],{},[14,9699,9700,9702],{},[17,9701,9470],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,9704,9705],{},"A dictionary:",[167,9707,9708,9711,9714],{},[170,9709,9710],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[170,9712,9713],{},"lets you look up values by key",[170,9715,9716],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,9718,9719,9721],{},[17,9720,9470],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,9723,9724],{},"Common uses include:",[167,9726,9727,9730,9733],{},[170,9728,9729],{},"making an empty dictionary",[170,9731,9732],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[170,9734,9735],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,9737,9738,9739,122],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[693,9740,9742],{"href":9741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[28,9744,312],{"id":311},[14,9746,9747,9749],{},[17,9748,9470],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1073,9751,9753],{"id":9752},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[33,9755,9757],{"className":35,"code":9756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[17,9758,9759,9769],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9760,9761,9763,9765,9767],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9762,9516],{"class":114},[42,9764,88],{"class":87},[42,9766,9521],{"class":834},[42,9768,129],{"class":56},[42,9770,9771,9773,9775,9777],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9772,284],{"class":52},[42,9774,57],{"class":56},[42,9776,9554],{"class":125},[42,9778,143],{"class":56},[14,9780,9781],{},[177,9782,2395],{},[33,9784,9786],{"className":35,"code":9785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{}\n",[17,9787,9788],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9789,9790],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9791,9785],{"class":56},[1073,9793,9795],{"id":9794},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[33,9797,9799],{"className":35,"code":9798,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9800,9801,9835,9849],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9802,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9804,9565],{"class":114},[42,9806,88],{"class":87},[42,9808,9570],{"class":56},[42,9810,868],{"class":60},[42,9812,693],{"class":64},[42,9814,868],{"class":60},[42,9816,70],{"class":56},[42,9818,5842],{"class":2348},[42,9820,9583],{"class":56},[42,9822,9586],{"class":56},[42,9824,868],{"class":60},[42,9826,5102],{"class":64},[42,9828,868],{"class":60},[42,9830,70],{"class":56},[42,9832,3325],{"class":2348},[42,9834,9599],{"class":56},[42,9836,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9838,9516],{"class":114},[42,9840,88],{"class":87},[42,9842,9521],{"class":834},[42,9844,57],{"class":56},[42,9846,9612],{"class":125},[42,9848,143],{"class":56},[42,9850,9851,9853,9855,9857],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,9852,284],{"class":52},[42,9854,57],{"class":56},[42,9856,9554],{"class":125},[42,9858,143],{"class":56},[14,9860,9861],{},[177,9862,2395],{},[33,9864,9866],{"className":35,"code":9865,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,9867,9868],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9869,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9871,9628],{"class":56},[42,9873,868],{"class":60},[42,9875,693],{"class":64},[42,9877,868],{"class":60},[42,9879,1935],{"class":56},[42,9881,5842],{"class":2348},[42,9883,70],{"class":56},[42,9885,862],{"class":60},[42,9887,5102],{"class":64},[42,9889,868],{"class":60},[42,9891,1935],{"class":56},[42,9893,3325],{"class":2348},[42,9895,9659],{"class":56},[1073,9897,9899],{"id":9898},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[33,9901,9903],{"className":35,"code":9902,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9904,9905,9935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9906,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9908,9516],{"class":114},[42,9910,88],{"class":87},[42,9912,9521],{"class":834},[42,9914,57],{"class":56},[42,9916,8016],{"class":83},[42,9918,88],{"class":87},[42,9920,868],{"class":60},[42,9922,5346],{"class":64},[42,9924,868],{"class":60},[42,9926,70],{"class":56},[42,9928,9538],{"class":83},[42,9930,88],{"class":87},[42,9932,9543],{"class":2348},[42,9934,143],{"class":56},[42,9936,9937,9939,9941,9943],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,9938,284],{"class":52},[42,9940,57],{"class":56},[42,9942,9554],{"class":125},[42,9944,143],{"class":56},[14,9946,9947],{},[177,9948,2395],{},[33,9950,9952],{"className":35,"code":9951,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[17,9953,9954],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9955,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,9957,9628],{"class":56},[42,9959,868],{"class":60},[42,9961,8016],{"class":64},[42,9963,868],{"class":60},[42,9965,1935],{"class":56},[42,9967,862],{"class":60},[42,9969,5346],{"class":64},[42,9971,868],{"class":60},[42,9973,70],{"class":56},[42,9975,862],{"class":60},[42,9977,9649],{"class":64},[42,9979,868],{"class":60},[42,9981,1935],{"class":56},[42,9983,9656],{"class":2348},[42,9985,9659],{"class":56},[1073,9987,9989],{"id":9988},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9991,9992],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[33,9994,9996],{"className":35,"code":9995,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[17,9997,9998,10039],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,9999,10000,10002,10004,10006,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10033,10035,10037],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10001,9516],{"class":114},[42,10003,88],{"class":87},[42,10005,9521],{"class":834},[42,10007,10008],{"class":56},"([(",[42,10010,868],{"class":60},[42,10012,693],{"class":64},[42,10014,868],{"class":60},[42,10016,70],{"class":56},[42,10018,5842],{"class":2348},[42,10020,10021],{"class":56},")],",[42,10023,2891],{"class":83},[42,10025,88],{"class":87},[42,10027,2381],{"class":2348},[42,10029,70],{"class":56},[42,10031,10032],{"class":83}," c",[42,10034,88],{"class":87},[42,10036,2387],{"class":2348},[42,10038,143],{"class":56},[42,10040,10041,10043,10045,10047],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10042,284],{"class":52},[42,10044,57],{"class":56},[42,10046,9554],{"class":125},[42,10048,143],{"class":56},[14,10050,10051],{},[177,10052,2395],{},[33,10054,10056],{"className":35,"code":10055,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[17,10057,10058],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10059,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10091,10093,10095,10097],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10061,9628],{"class":56},[42,10063,868],{"class":60},[42,10065,693],{"class":64},[42,10067,868],{"class":60},[42,10069,1935],{"class":56},[42,10071,5842],{"class":2348},[42,10073,70],{"class":56},[42,10075,862],{"class":60},[42,10077,5102],{"class":64},[42,10079,868],{"class":60},[42,10081,1935],{"class":56},[42,10083,3325],{"class":2348},[42,10085,70],{"class":56},[42,10087,862],{"class":60},[42,10089,10090],{"class":64},"c",[42,10092,868],{"class":60},[42,10094,1935],{"class":56},[42,10096,2781],{"class":2348},[42,10098,9659],{"class":56},[28,10100,9753],{"id":10101},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,10103,146,10104,10106],{},[17,10105,9470],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[33,10108,10110],{"className":35,"code":10109,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[17,10111,10112,10122,10136],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10113,10114,10116,10118,10120],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10115,9516],{"class":114},[42,10117,88],{"class":87},[42,10119,9521],{"class":834},[42,10121,129],{"class":56},[42,10123,10124,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10125,284],{"class":52},[42,10127,57],{"class":56},[42,10129,835],{"class":834},[42,10131,57],{"class":56},[42,10133,9554],{"class":125},[42,10135,842],{"class":56},[42,10137,10138,10140,10142,10144],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,10139,284],{"class":52},[42,10141,57],{"class":56},[42,10143,9554],{"class":125},[42,10145,143],{"class":56},[14,10147,10148],{},[177,10149,2395],{},[33,10151,10153],{"className":35,"code":10152,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[17,10154,10155,10169],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10156,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10158,855],{"class":87},[42,10160,859],{"class":858},[42,10162,862],{"class":60},[42,10164,9171],{"class":64},[42,10166,868],{"class":60},[42,10168,871],{"class":87},[42,10170,10171],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10172,9785],{"class":56},[14,10174,10175],{},"This gives the same result as:",[33,10177,10179],{"className":35,"code":10178,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {}\n",[17,10180,10181],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10182,10183,10185,10187],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10184,9516],{"class":114},[42,10186,88],{"class":87},[42,10188,10189],{"class":56}," {}\n",[14,10191,10192,10193,10195,10196,10199,10200,10202],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[17,10194,4129],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10197,10198],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[17,10201,9470],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[28,10204,10206],{"id":10205},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,10208,10209,10210,122],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[17,10211,9470],{},[33,10213,10215],{"className":35,"code":10214,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10216,10217,10255,10269],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10218,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10220,9565],{"class":114},[42,10222,88],{"class":87},[42,10224,9570],{"class":56},[42,10226,868],{"class":60},[42,10228,8016],{"class":64},[42,10230,868],{"class":60},[42,10232,70],{"class":56},[42,10234,862],{"class":60},[42,10236,5346],{"class":64},[42,10238,868],{"class":60},[42,10240,9583],{"class":56},[42,10242,9586],{"class":56},[42,10244,868],{"class":60},[42,10246,9649],{"class":64},[42,10248,868],{"class":60},[42,10250,70],{"class":56},[42,10252,9656],{"class":2348},[42,10254,9599],{"class":56},[42,10256,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10258,9516],{"class":114},[42,10260,88],{"class":87},[42,10262,9521],{"class":834},[42,10264,57],{"class":56},[42,10266,9612],{"class":125},[42,10268,143],{"class":56},[42,10270,10271,10273,10275,10277],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,10272,284],{"class":52},[42,10274,57],{"class":56},[42,10276,9554],{"class":125},[42,10278,143],{"class":56},[14,10280,10281],{},[177,10282,2395],{},[33,10284,10285],{"className":35,"code":9951,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,10286,10287],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10288,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10290,9628],{"class":56},[42,10292,868],{"class":60},[42,10294,8016],{"class":64},[42,10296,868],{"class":60},[42,10298,1935],{"class":56},[42,10300,862],{"class":60},[42,10302,5346],{"class":64},[42,10304,868],{"class":60},[42,10306,70],{"class":56},[42,10308,862],{"class":60},[42,10310,9649],{"class":64},[42,10312,868],{"class":60},[42,10314,1935],{"class":56},[42,10316,9656],{"class":2348},[42,10318,9659],{"class":56},[14,10320,10321],{},"Each pair becomes:",[167,10323,10324,10327],{},[170,10325,10326],{},"the first item as the key",[170,10328,10329],{},"the second item as the value",[14,10331,10332],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[33,10334,10336],{"className":35,"code":10335,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10337,10338,10373,10387],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10339,10340,10342,10344,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10341,9565],{"class":114},[42,10343,88],{"class":87},[42,10345,10346],{"class":56}," ((",[42,10348,868],{"class":60},[42,10350,693],{"class":64},[42,10352,868],{"class":60},[42,10354,70],{"class":56},[42,10356,5842],{"class":2348},[42,10358,9583],{"class":56},[42,10360,9586],{"class":56},[42,10362,868],{"class":60},[42,10364,5102],{"class":64},[42,10366,868],{"class":60},[42,10368,70],{"class":56},[42,10370,3325],{"class":2348},[42,10372,842],{"class":56},[42,10374,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10376,9516],{"class":114},[42,10378,88],{"class":87},[42,10380,9521],{"class":834},[42,10382,57],{"class":56},[42,10384,9612],{"class":125},[42,10386,143],{"class":56},[42,10388,10389,10391,10393,10395],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,10390,284],{"class":52},[42,10392,57],{"class":56},[42,10394,9554],{"class":125},[42,10396,143],{"class":56},[14,10398,10399],{},[177,10400,2395],{},[33,10402,10403],{"className":35,"code":9865,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,10404,10405],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10406,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10408,9628],{"class":56},[42,10410,868],{"class":60},[42,10412,693],{"class":64},[42,10414,868],{"class":60},[42,10416,1935],{"class":56},[42,10418,5842],{"class":2348},[42,10420,70],{"class":56},[42,10422,862],{"class":60},[42,10424,5102],{"class":64},[42,10426,868],{"class":60},[42,10428,1935],{"class":56},[42,10430,3325],{"class":2348},[42,10432,9659],{"class":56},[14,10434,10435,10436,122],{},"Each item must contain ",[177,10437,10438],{},"exactly two elements",[14,10440,3168],{},[33,10442,10444],{"className":35,"code":10443,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[17,10445,10446,10486],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10447,10448,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10449,10450],{"class":114},"bad_data ",[42,10452,88],{"class":87},[42,10454,9570],{"class":56},[42,10456,868],{"class":60},[42,10458,693],{"class":64},[42,10460,868],{"class":60},[42,10462,70],{"class":56},[42,10464,5842],{"class":2348},[42,10466,70],{"class":56},[42,10468,10469],{"class":2348}," 100",[42,10471,9583],{"class":56},[42,10473,9586],{"class":56},[42,10475,868],{"class":60},[42,10477,5102],{"class":64},[42,10479,868],{"class":60},[42,10481,70],{"class":56},[42,10483,3325],{"class":2348},[42,10485,9599],{"class":56},[42,10487,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10499],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10489,2555],{"class":114},[42,10491,88],{"class":87},[42,10493,9521],{"class":834},[42,10495,57],{"class":56},[42,10497,10498],{"class":125},"bad_data",[42,10500,143],{"class":56},[14,10502,10503,10504,10507],{},"Python raises an error because ",[17,10505,10506],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,10509,10510],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[33,10512,10514],{"className":35,"code":10513,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[17,10515,10516,10565,10579],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10517,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10519,9565],{"class":114},[42,10521,88],{"class":87},[42,10523,9570],{"class":56},[42,10525,868],{"class":60},[42,10527,693],{"class":64},[42,10529,868],{"class":60},[42,10531,70],{"class":56},[42,10533,5842],{"class":2348},[42,10535,9583],{"class":56},[42,10537,9586],{"class":56},[42,10539,868],{"class":60},[42,10541,693],{"class":64},[42,10543,868],{"class":60},[42,10545,70],{"class":56},[42,10547,10548],{"class":2348}," 99",[42,10550,9583],{"class":56},[42,10552,9586],{"class":56},[42,10554,868],{"class":60},[42,10556,5102],{"class":64},[42,10558,868],{"class":60},[42,10560,70],{"class":56},[42,10562,3325],{"class":2348},[42,10564,9599],{"class":56},[42,10566,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10568,9516],{"class":114},[42,10570,88],{"class":87},[42,10572,9521],{"class":834},[42,10574,57],{"class":56},[42,10576,9612],{"class":125},[42,10578,143],{"class":56},[42,10580,10581,10583,10585,10587],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,10582,284],{"class":52},[42,10584,57],{"class":56},[42,10586,9554],{"class":125},[42,10588,143],{"class":56},[14,10590,10591],{},[177,10592,2395],{},[33,10594,10596],{"className":35,"code":10595,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[17,10597,10598],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10599,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10601,9628],{"class":56},[42,10603,868],{"class":60},[42,10605,693],{"class":64},[42,10607,868],{"class":60},[42,10609,1935],{"class":56},[42,10611,10548],{"class":2348},[42,10613,70],{"class":56},[42,10615,862],{"class":60},[42,10617,5102],{"class":64},[42,10619,868],{"class":60},[42,10621,1935],{"class":56},[42,10623,3325],{"class":2348},[42,10625,9659],{"class":56},[28,10627,10629],{"id":10628},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,10631,10632],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[33,10634,10635],{"className":35,"code":9902,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,10636,10637,10667],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10638,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10640,9516],{"class":114},[42,10642,88],{"class":87},[42,10644,9521],{"class":834},[42,10646,57],{"class":56},[42,10648,8016],{"class":83},[42,10650,88],{"class":87},[42,10652,868],{"class":60},[42,10654,5346],{"class":64},[42,10656,868],{"class":60},[42,10658,70],{"class":56},[42,10660,9538],{"class":83},[42,10662,88],{"class":87},[42,10664,9543],{"class":2348},[42,10666,143],{"class":56},[42,10668,10669,10671,10673,10675],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10670,284],{"class":52},[42,10672,57],{"class":56},[42,10674,9554],{"class":125},[42,10676,143],{"class":56},[14,10678,10679],{},[177,10680,2395],{},[33,10682,10683],{"className":35,"code":9951,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,10684,10685],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10686,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10688,9628],{"class":56},[42,10690,868],{"class":60},[42,10692,8016],{"class":64},[42,10694,868],{"class":60},[42,10696,1935],{"class":56},[42,10698,862],{"class":60},[42,10700,5346],{"class":64},[42,10702,868],{"class":60},[42,10704,70],{"class":56},[42,10706,862],{"class":60},[42,10708,9649],{"class":64},[42,10710,868],{"class":60},[42,10712,1935],{"class":56},[42,10714,9656],{"class":2348},[42,10716,9659],{"class":56},[14,10718,10719],{},"In this form:",[167,10721,10722,10730],{},[170,10723,10724,10726,10727],{},[17,10725,8016],{}," becomes the string key ",[17,10728,10729],{},"'name'",[170,10731,10732,10726,10734],{},[17,10733,9649],{},[17,10735,10736],{},"'age'",[14,10738,10739],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,10741,10742],{},"Valid examples:",[33,10744,10746],{"className":35,"code":10745,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[17,10747,10748,10786],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10749,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758,10761,10763,10765,10768,10770,10772,10775,10777,10779,10782,10784],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10751,9516],{"class":114},[42,10753,88],{"class":87},[42,10755,9521],{"class":834},[42,10757,57],{"class":56},[42,10759,10760],{"class":83},"city",[42,10762,88],{"class":87},[42,10764,868],{"class":60},[42,10766,10767],{"class":64},"Paris",[42,10769,868],{"class":60},[42,10771,70],{"class":56},[42,10773,10774],{"class":83}," country",[42,10776,88],{"class":87},[42,10778,868],{"class":60},[42,10780,10781],{"class":64},"France",[42,10783,868],{"class":60},[42,10785,143],{"class":56},[42,10787,10788,10790,10792,10794],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10789,284],{"class":52},[42,10791,57],{"class":56},[42,10793,9554],{"class":125},[42,10795,143],{"class":56},[14,10797,10798],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[167,10800,10801,10804,10807],{},[170,10802,10803],{},"spaces",[170,10805,10806],{},"hyphens",[170,10808,10809],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10811,10812,10813,10816],{},"For example, this is ",[177,10814,10815],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[33,10818,10820],{"className":35,"code":10819,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[17,10821,10822],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10823,10824],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10825,10819],{"class":525},[14,10827,10828],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[33,10830,10832],{"className":35,"code":10831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[17,10833,10834,10877],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10835,10836,10838,10840,10843,10845,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10837,9516],{"class":114},[42,10839,88],{"class":87},[42,10841,10842],{"class":56}," {",[42,10844,868],{"class":60},[42,10846,10847],{"class":64},"first-name",[42,10849,868],{"class":60},[42,10851,1935],{"class":56},[42,10853,862],{"class":60},[42,10855,8025],{"class":64},[42,10857,868],{"class":60},[42,10859,70],{"class":56},[42,10861,862],{"class":60},[42,10863,10864],{"class":64},"first name",[42,10866,868],{"class":60},[42,10868,1935],{"class":56},[42,10870,862],{"class":60},[42,10872,8025],{"class":64},[42,10874,868],{"class":60},[42,10876,9659],{"class":56},[42,10878,10879,10881,10883,10885],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,10880,284],{"class":52},[42,10882,57],{"class":56},[42,10884,9554],{"class":125},[42,10886,143],{"class":56},[14,10888,10889],{},[177,10890,2395],{},[33,10892,10894],{"className":35,"code":10893,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[17,10895,10896],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10897,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10899,9628],{"class":56},[42,10901,868],{"class":60},[42,10903,10847],{"class":64},[42,10905,868],{"class":60},[42,10907,1935],{"class":56},[42,10909,862],{"class":60},[42,10911,8025],{"class":64},[42,10913,868],{"class":60},[42,10915,70],{"class":56},[42,10917,862],{"class":60},[42,10919,10864],{"class":64},[42,10921,868],{"class":60},[42,10923,1935],{"class":56},[42,10925,862],{"class":60},[42,10927,8025],{"class":64},[42,10929,868],{"class":60},[42,10931,9659],{"class":56},[28,10933,10935,10937,10938],{"id":10934},"dict-vs",[17,10936,9470],{}," vs ",[17,10939,4129],{},[14,10941,10942,10943,1753,10945,10947],{},"Both ",[17,10944,9470],{},[17,10946,4129],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1073,10949,146,10951,10953],{"id":10950},"use-when",[17,10952,4129],{}," when:",[167,10955,10956,10959],{},[170,10957,10958],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[170,10960,10961],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[33,10963,10964],{"className":35,"code":10178,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,10965,10966],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10967,10968,10970,10972],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10969,9516],{"class":114},[42,10971,88],{"class":87},[42,10973,10189],{"class":56},[1073,10975,146,10977,10953],{"id":10976},"use-dict-when",[17,10978,9470],{},[167,10980,10981,10984,10987],{},[170,10982,10983],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[170,10985,10986],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[170,10988,10989],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[33,10991,10993],{"className":35,"code":10992,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[17,10994,10995,11032],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,10996,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,10998,9516],{"class":114},[42,11000,88],{"class":87},[42,11002,9521],{"class":834},[42,11004,10008],{"class":56},[42,11006,868],{"class":60},[42,11008,693],{"class":64},[42,11010,868],{"class":60},[42,11012,70],{"class":56},[42,11014,5842],{"class":2348},[42,11016,9583],{"class":56},[42,11018,9586],{"class":56},[42,11020,868],{"class":60},[42,11022,5102],{"class":64},[42,11024,868],{"class":60},[42,11026,70],{"class":56},[42,11028,3325],{"class":2348},[42,11030,11031],{"class":56},")])\n",[42,11033,11034,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11035,11036],{"class":114},"info ",[42,11038,88],{"class":87},[42,11040,9521],{"class":834},[42,11042,57],{"class":56},[42,11044,8016],{"class":83},[42,11046,88],{"class":87},[42,11048,868],{"class":60},[42,11050,5346],{"class":64},[42,11052,868],{"class":60},[42,11054,70],{"class":56},[42,11056,9538],{"class":83},[42,11058,88],{"class":87},[42,11060,9543],{"class":2348},[42,11062,143],{"class":56},[14,11064,11065],{},"So:",[167,11067,11068,11073],{},[170,11069,11070,11072],{},[17,11071,4129],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[170,11074,11075,11077],{},[17,11076,9470],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,11079,11080,11081,11085,11086,122],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[693,11082,11084],{"href":11083},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[693,11087,11089,11090,11093],{"href":11088},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[17,11091,11092],{},"get()"," method",[28,11095,11097],{"id":11096},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,11099,11100,11101,122],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[17,11102,9470],{},[1073,11104,11106],{"id":11105},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,11108,4866],{},[33,11110,11112],{"className":35,"code":11111,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[17,11113,11114,11138],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11115,11116,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11117,8128],{"class":114},[42,11119,88],{"class":87},[42,11121,3957],{"class":56},[42,11123,868],{"class":60},[42,11125,693],{"class":64},[42,11127,868],{"class":60},[42,11129,70],{"class":56},[42,11131,862],{"class":60},[42,11133,5102],{"class":64},[42,11135,868],{"class":60},[42,11137,3970],{"class":56},[42,11139,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11141,9516],{"class":114},[42,11143,88],{"class":87},[42,11145,9521],{"class":834},[42,11147,57],{"class":56},[42,11149,8159],{"class":125},[42,11151,143],{"class":56},[14,11153,11154,11155,122],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[17,11156,11157],{},"('a', 1)",[14,11159,11160],{},"Correct version:",[33,11162,11164],{"className":35,"code":11163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[17,11165,11166,11200,11214],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11167,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11169,8128],{"class":114},[42,11171,88],{"class":87},[42,11173,9570],{"class":56},[42,11175,868],{"class":60},[42,11177,693],{"class":64},[42,11179,868],{"class":60},[42,11181,70],{"class":56},[42,11183,5842],{"class":2348},[42,11185,9583],{"class":56},[42,11187,9586],{"class":56},[42,11189,868],{"class":60},[42,11191,5102],{"class":64},[42,11193,868],{"class":60},[42,11195,70],{"class":56},[42,11197,3325],{"class":2348},[42,11199,9599],{"class":56},[42,11201,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210,11212],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11203,9516],{"class":114},[42,11205,88],{"class":87},[42,11207,9521],{"class":834},[42,11209,57],{"class":56},[42,11211,8159],{"class":125},[42,11213,143],{"class":56},[42,11215,11216,11218,11220,11222],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,11217,284],{"class":52},[42,11219,57],{"class":56},[42,11221,9554],{"class":125},[42,11223,143],{"class":56},[1073,11225,11227],{"id":11226},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,11229,11230],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[33,11232,11234],{"className":35,"code":11233,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[17,11235,11236],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11237,11238],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11239,11233],{"class":525},[14,11241,11242,11243,1935],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[17,11244,88],{},[33,11246,11248],{"className":35,"code":11247,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[17,11249,11250,11272],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11251,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264,11266,11268,11270],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11253,9516],{"class":114},[42,11255,88],{"class":87},[42,11257,9521],{"class":834},[42,11259,57],{"class":56},[42,11261,8016],{"class":83},[42,11263,88],{"class":87},[42,11265,868],{"class":60},[42,11267,5346],{"class":64},[42,11269,868],{"class":60},[42,11271,143],{"class":56},[42,11273,11274,11276,11278,11280],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11275,284],{"class":52},[42,11277,57],{"class":56},[42,11279,9554],{"class":125},[42,11281,143],{"class":56},[1073,11283,11285],{"id":11284},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,11287,11288],{},"This will not work:",[33,11290,11291],{"className":35,"code":10819,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,11292,11293],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11294,11295],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11296,10819],{"class":525},[14,11298,11299],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[33,11301,11303],{"className":35,"code":11302,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[17,11304,11305,11329],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11306,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11308,9516],{"class":114},[42,11310,88],{"class":87},[42,11312,10842],{"class":56},[42,11314,868],{"class":60},[42,11316,10847],{"class":64},[42,11318,868],{"class":60},[42,11320,1935],{"class":56},[42,11322,862],{"class":60},[42,11324,8025],{"class":64},[42,11326,868],{"class":60},[42,11328,9659],{"class":56},[42,11330,11331,11333,11335,11337],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11332,284],{"class":52},[42,11334,57],{"class":56},[42,11336,9554],{"class":125},[42,11338,143],{"class":56},[1073,11340,11342],{"id":11341},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,11344,11345],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[33,11347,11349],{"className":35,"code":11348,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[17,11350,11351,11387],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11352,11353,11355,11357,11359,11361,11363,11365,11367,11369,11371,11373,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11354,9516],{"class":114},[42,11356,88],{"class":87},[42,11358,9521],{"class":834},[42,11360,10008],{"class":56},[42,11362,868],{"class":60},[42,11364,2498],{"class":64},[42,11366,868],{"class":60},[42,11368,70],{"class":56},[42,11370,5842],{"class":2348},[42,11372,9583],{"class":56},[42,11374,9586],{"class":56},[42,11376,868],{"class":60},[42,11378,2498],{"class":64},[42,11380,868],{"class":60},[42,11382,70],{"class":56},[42,11384,3325],{"class":2348},[42,11386,11031],{"class":56},[42,11388,11389,11391,11393,11395],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11390,284],{"class":52},[42,11392,57],{"class":56},[42,11394,9554],{"class":125},[42,11396,143],{"class":56},[14,11398,11399],{},[177,11400,2395],{},[33,11402,11404],{"className":35,"code":11403,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'x': 2}\n",[17,11405,11406],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11407,11408,11410,11412,11414,11416,11418,11420],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11409,9628],{"class":56},[42,11411,868],{"class":60},[42,11413,2498],{"class":64},[42,11415,868],{"class":60},[42,11417,1935],{"class":56},[42,11419,3325],{"class":2348},[42,11421,9659],{"class":56},[14,11423,11424,11425,122],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[693,11426,11428],{"href":11427},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[28,11430,1929],{"id":1928},[14,11432,11433,11434,11436],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[17,11435,9470],{}," include:",[167,11438,11439,11449,11455,11458],{},[170,11440,11441,11442,11445,11446],{},"passing a list like ",[17,11443,11444],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[17,11447,11448],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[170,11450,11451,11452],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[17,11453,11454],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[170,11456,11457],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[170,11459,11460,11461,11463],{},"confusing ",[17,11462,9470],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,11465,11466],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[33,11468,11470],{"className":35,"code":11469,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[17,11471,11472,11486,11496,11507],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11473,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11475,284],{"class":52},[42,11477,57],{"class":56},[42,11479,835],{"class":834},[42,11481,57],{"class":56},[42,11483,9554],{"class":125},[42,11485,842],{"class":56},[42,11487,11488,11490,11492,11494],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11489,284],{"class":52},[42,11491,57],{"class":56},[42,11493,9554],{"class":125},[42,11495,143],{"class":56},[42,11497,11498,11500,11502,11505],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,11499,284],{"class":52},[42,11501,57],{"class":56},[42,11503,11504],{"class":125},"list_of_pairs",[42,11506,143],{"class":56},[42,11508,11509,11511,11513,11516,11518,11520],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,11510,284],{"class":52},[42,11512,57],{"class":56},[42,11514,11515],{"class":52},"len",[42,11517,57],{"class":56},[42,11519,11504],{"class":125},[42,11521,842],{"class":56},[14,11523,11524],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[167,11526,11527,11530,11533],{},[170,11528,11529],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[170,11531,11532],{},"what data is being passed in",[170,11534,11535],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[28,11537,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,11539,2171,11541,1753,11543,2823],{"id":11540},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[17,11542,9470],{},[17,11544,4129],{},[14,11546,11547,11549,11550,11552],{},[17,11548,4129],{}," is the short literal form. ",[17,11551,9470],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1073,11554,5513,11556,11558],{"id":11555},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[17,11557,9470],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,11560,11561,11562,122],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[17,11563,11448],{},[1073,11565,5501,11567,11570],{"id":11566},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[17,11568,11569],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,11572,11573],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1073,11575,11577,11578,11580],{"id":11576},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[17,11579,9470],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,11582,11583,11584,11587],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[17,11585,11586],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[28,11589,2205],{"id":2204},[167,11591,11592,11597,11601,11606,11612],{},[170,11593,11594],{},[693,11595,11596],{"href":9741},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[170,11598,11599],{},[693,11600,9506],{"href":9505},[170,11602,11603],{},[693,11604,11605],{"href":11083},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[170,11607,11608],{},[693,11609,11089,11610,11093],{"href":11088},[17,11611,11092],{},[170,11613,11614],{},[693,11615,11616],{"href":11427},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2245,11618,11619],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":11621},[11622,11624,11630,11631,11632,11633,11640,11646,11647,11657],{"id":9695,"depth":111,"text":11623},"What dict() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":11625},[11626,11627,11628,11629],{"id":9752,"depth":132,"text":9753},{"id":9794,"depth":132,"text":9795},{"id":9898,"depth":132,"text":9899},{"id":9988,"depth":132,"text":9989},{"id":10101,"depth":111,"text":9753},{"id":10205,"depth":111,"text":10206},{"id":10628,"depth":111,"text":10629},{"id":10934,"depth":111,"text":11634,"children":11635},"dict() vs {}",[11636,11638],{"id":10950,"depth":132,"text":11637},"Use {} when:",{"id":10976,"depth":132,"text":11639},"Use dict() when:",{"id":11096,"depth":111,"text":11097,"children":11641},[11642,11643,11644,11645],{"id":11105,"depth":132,"text":11106},{"id":11226,"depth":132,"text":11227},{"id":11284,"depth":132,"text":11285},{"id":11341,"depth":132,"text":11342},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":11648},[11649,11651,11653,11655],{"id":11540,"depth":132,"text":11650},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11555,"depth":132,"text":11652},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11566,"depth":132,"text":11654},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11576,"depth":132,"text":11656},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9462,"description":11658},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11665,"title":11666,"body":11667,"description":13178,"extension":2285,"meta":13179,"navigation":2287,"path":13180,"seo":13181,"stem":13182,"__hash__":13183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11668,"toc":13147},[11669,11677,11683,11690,11692,11753,11758,11763,11768,11786,11789,11793,11795,11811,11813,11826,11830,11833,11967,11969,12036,12039,12055,12061,12067,12070,12152,12154,12168,12172,12178,12243,12245,12253,12256,12279,12285,12348,12354,12357,12371,12384,12388,12399,12404,12415,12422,12426,12432,12554,12556,12582,12585,12602,12605,12716,12718,12767,12769,12782,12791,12796,12801,12812,12814,12917,12940,12942,12946,12965,12968,13026,13029,13055,13057,13064,13067,13073,13077,13084,13092,13098,13101,13103,13144],[10,11670,11672,11673,11676],{"id":11671},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[17,11674,11675],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,11678,11679,11682],{},[17,11680,11681],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,11684,11685,11686,11689],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[177,11687,11688],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[28,11691,31],{"id":30},[33,11693,11695],{"className":35,"code":11694,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[17,11696,11697,11729,11740],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11698,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11700,9516],{"class":114},[42,11702,88],{"class":87},[42,11704,10842],{"class":56},[42,11706,61],{"class":60},[42,11708,693],{"class":64},[42,11710,61],{"class":60},[42,11712,1935],{"class":56},[42,11714,5842],{"class":2348},[42,11716,70],{"class":56},[42,11718,73],{"class":60},[42,11720,5102],{"class":64},[42,11722,61],{"class":60},[42,11724,1935],{"class":56},[42,11726,3325],{"class":2348},[42,11728,9659],{"class":56},[42,11730,11731,11733,11735,11738],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11732,9554],{"class":114},[42,11734,122],{"class":56},[42,11736,11737],{"class":125},"clear",[42,11739,129],{"class":56},[42,11741,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,11743,284],{"class":52},[42,11745,57],{"class":56},[42,11747,9554],{"class":125},[42,11749,98],{"class":56},[42,11751,11752],{"class":525},"  # {}\n",[14,11754,11755,11757],{},[17,11756,11675],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[28,11759,4013,11761,4016],{"id":11760},"what-clear-does",[17,11762,11675],{},[14,11764,2303,11765,11767],{},[17,11766,11675],{}," method:",[167,11769,11770,11773,11776,11781],{},[170,11771,11772],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[170,11774,11775],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[170,11777,11778,11779],{},"Returns ",[17,11780,4115],{},[170,11782,11783,11784],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[17,11785,4129],{},[14,11787,11788],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11790,9502,11791,122],{},[693,11792,9506],{"href":9505},[28,11794,312],{"id":311},[33,11796,11798],{"className":35,"code":11797,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict.clear()\n",[17,11799,11800],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11801,11802,11805,11807,11809],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11803,11804],{"class":114},"my_dict",[42,11806,122],{"class":56},[42,11808,11737],{"class":125},[42,11810,129],{"class":56},[14,11812,165],{},[167,11814,11815,11820,11823],{},[170,11816,11817,11819],{},[17,11818,11675],{}," takes no arguments",[170,11821,11822],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[170,11824,11825],{},"It empties that dictionary",[28,11827,11829],{"id":11828},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11831,11832],{},"Here is a basic example:",[33,11834,11836],{"className":35,"code":11835,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[17,11837,11838,11848,11869,11883,11900,11904,11908,11928,11932,11943,11947],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11839,11840,11843,11845],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11841,11842],{"class":114},"user ",[42,11844,88],{"class":87},[42,11846,11847],{"class":56}," {\n",[42,11849,11850,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861,11864,11866],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,11851,11852],{"class":60},"    \"",[42,11854,8016],{"class":64},[42,11856,61],{"class":60},[42,11858,1935],{"class":56},[42,11860,73],{"class":60},[42,11862,11863],{"class":64},"Maya",[42,11865,61],{"class":60},[42,11867,11868],{"class":56},",\n",[42,11870,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,11872,11852],{"class":60},[42,11874,9649],{"class":64},[42,11876,61],{"class":60},[42,11878,1935],{"class":56},[42,11880,9656],{"class":2348},[42,11882,11868],{"class":56},[42,11884,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11898],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,11886,11852],{"class":60},[42,11888,10760],{"class":64},[42,11890,61],{"class":60},[42,11892,1935],{"class":56},[42,11894,73],{"class":60},[42,11896,11897],{"class":64},"Berlin",[42,11899,3689],{"class":60},[42,11901,11902],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,11903,9659],{"class":56},[42,11905,11906],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,11907,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,11909,11910,11912,11914,11916,11919,11921,11923,11926],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,11911,284],{"class":52},[42,11913,57],{"class":56},[42,11915,61],{"class":60},[42,11917,11918],{"class":64},"Before:",[42,11920,61],{"class":60},[42,11922,70],{"class":56},[42,11924,11925],{"class":125}," user",[42,11927,143],{"class":56},[42,11929,11930],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,11931,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,11933,11934,11937,11939,11941],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,11935,11936],{"class":114},"user",[42,11938,122],{"class":56},[42,11940,11737],{"class":125},[42,11942,129],{"class":56},[42,11944,11945],{"class":44,"line":6783},[42,11946,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11959,11961,11963,11965],{"class":44,"line":11949},11,[42,11951,284],{"class":52},[42,11953,57],{"class":56},[42,11955,61],{"class":60},[42,11957,11958],{"class":64},"After:",[42,11960,61],{"class":60},[42,11962,70],{"class":56},[42,11964,11925],{"class":125},[42,11966,143],{"class":56},[14,11968,5904],{},[33,11970,11972],{"className":35,"code":11971,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[17,11973,11974,12027],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,11975,11976,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017,12019,12021,12023,12025],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,11977,11978],{"class":114},"Before",[42,11980,1935],{"class":56},[42,11982,10842],{"class":56},[42,11984,868],{"class":60},[42,11986,8016],{"class":64},[42,11988,868],{"class":60},[42,11990,1935],{"class":56},[42,11992,862],{"class":60},[42,11994,11863],{"class":64},[42,11996,868],{"class":60},[42,11998,70],{"class":56},[42,12000,862],{"class":60},[42,12002,9649],{"class":64},[42,12004,868],{"class":60},[42,12006,1935],{"class":56},[42,12008,9656],{"class":2348},[42,12010,70],{"class":56},[42,12012,862],{"class":60},[42,12014,10760],{"class":64},[42,12016,868],{"class":60},[42,12018,1935],{"class":56},[42,12020,862],{"class":60},[42,12022,11897],{"class":64},[42,12024,868],{"class":60},[42,12026,9659],{"class":56},[42,12028,12029,12032,12034],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12030,12031],{"class":114},"After",[42,12033,1935],{"class":56},[42,12035,10189],{"class":56},[14,12037,12038],{},"What happens here:",[167,12040,12041,12046,12052],{},[170,12042,12043,12045],{},[17,12044,11936],{}," starts with three items",[170,12047,12048,12051],{},[17,12049,12050],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[170,12053,12054],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[28,12056,4013,12058,12060],{"id":12057},"what-clear-returns",[17,12059,11675],{}," returns",[14,12062,12063,2726,12065,122],{},[17,12064,11675],{},[17,12066,4115],{},[14,12068,12069],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[33,12071,12073],{"className":35,"code":12072,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[17,12074,12075,12109,12113,12128,12132,12142],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12076,12077,12080,12082,12084,12086,12088,12090,12092,12094,12096,12098,12101,12103,12105,12107],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12078,12079],{"class":114},"my_dict ",[42,12081,88],{"class":87},[42,12083,10842],{"class":56},[42,12085,61],{"class":60},[42,12087,2498],{"class":64},[42,12089,61],{"class":60},[42,12091,1935],{"class":56},[42,12093,5842],{"class":2348},[42,12095,70],{"class":56},[42,12097,73],{"class":60},[42,12099,12100],{"class":64},"y",[42,12102,61],{"class":60},[42,12104,1935],{"class":56},[42,12106,3325],{"class":2348},[42,12108,9659],{"class":56},[42,12110,12111],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12112,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12114,12115,12117,12119,12122,12124,12126],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12116,2555],{"class":114},[42,12118,88],{"class":87},[42,12120,12121],{"class":114}," my_dict",[42,12123,122],{"class":56},[42,12125,11737],{"class":125},[42,12127,129],{"class":56},[42,12129,12130],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,12131,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12133,12134,12136,12138,12140],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,12135,284],{"class":52},[42,12137,57],{"class":56},[42,12139,2592],{"class":125},[42,12141,143],{"class":56},[42,12143,12144,12146,12148,12150],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,12145,284],{"class":52},[42,12147,57],{"class":56},[42,12149,11804],{"class":125},[42,12151,143],{"class":56},[14,12153,2395],{},[33,12155,12157],{"className":35,"code":12156,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"None\n{}\n",[17,12158,12159,12164],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12160,12161],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12162,12163],{"class":4190},"None\n",[42,12165,12166],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12167,9785],{"class":56},[1073,12169,12171],{"id":12170},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,12173,12174,12175,12177],{},"Do ",[177,12176,179],{}," do this:",[33,12179,12181],{"className":35,"code":12180,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[17,12182,12183,12215,12229,12233],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12184,12185,12187,12189,12191,12193,12195,12197,12199,12201,12203,12205,12207,12209,12211,12213],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12186,12079],{"class":114},[42,12188,88],{"class":87},[42,12190,10842],{"class":56},[42,12192,61],{"class":60},[42,12194,2498],{"class":64},[42,12196,61],{"class":60},[42,12198,1935],{"class":56},[42,12200,5842],{"class":2348},[42,12202,70],{"class":56},[42,12204,73],{"class":60},[42,12206,12100],{"class":64},[42,12208,61],{"class":60},[42,12210,1935],{"class":56},[42,12212,3325],{"class":2348},[42,12214,9659],{"class":56},[42,12216,12217,12219,12221,12223,12225,12227],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12218,12079],{"class":114},[42,12220,88],{"class":87},[42,12222,12121],{"class":114},[42,12224,122],{"class":56},[42,12226,11737],{"class":125},[42,12228,129],{"class":56},[42,12230,12231],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12232,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12234,12235,12237,12239,12241],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,12236,284],{"class":52},[42,12238,57],{"class":56},[42,12240,11804],{"class":125},[42,12242,143],{"class":56},[14,12244,2395],{},[33,12246,12247],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,12248,12249],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12250,12251],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12252,12163],{"class":4190},[14,12254,12255],{},"Why this happens:",[167,12257,12258,12264,12269],{},[170,12259,12260,12263],{},[17,12261,12262],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[170,12265,12266,12267],{},"The method returns ",[17,12268,4115],{},[170,12270,12271,12272,12275,12276,12278],{},"Then ",[17,12273,12274],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[17,12277,4115],{}," in the variable",[14,12280,12281,12282,12284],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[17,12283,11675],{}," by itself:",[33,12286,12288],{"className":35,"code":12287,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[17,12289,12290,12322,12332,12336],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12291,12292,12294,12296,12298,12300,12302,12304,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314,12316,12318,12320],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12293,12079],{"class":114},[42,12295,88],{"class":87},[42,12297,10842],{"class":56},[42,12299,61],{"class":60},[42,12301,2498],{"class":64},[42,12303,61],{"class":60},[42,12305,1935],{"class":56},[42,12307,5842],{"class":2348},[42,12309,70],{"class":56},[42,12311,73],{"class":60},[42,12313,12100],{"class":64},[42,12315,61],{"class":60},[42,12317,1935],{"class":56},[42,12319,3325],{"class":2348},[42,12321,9659],{"class":56},[42,12323,12324,12326,12328,12330],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12325,11804],{"class":114},[42,12327,122],{"class":56},[42,12329,11737],{"class":125},[42,12331,129],{"class":56},[42,12333,12334],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12335,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12337,12338,12340,12342,12344,12346],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,12339,284],{"class":52},[42,12341,57],{"class":56},[42,12343,11804],{"class":125},[42,12345,98],{"class":56},[42,12347,11752],{"class":525},[28,12349,12351,12353],{"id":12350},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[17,12352,11675],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,12355,12356],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[33,12358,12359],{"className":35,"code":11797,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,12360,12361],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12362,12363,12365,12367,12369],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12364,11804],{"class":114},[42,12366,122],{"class":56},[42,12368,11737],{"class":125},[42,12370,129],{"class":56},[33,12372,12374],{"className":35,"code":12373,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {}\n",[17,12375,12376],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12377,12378,12380,12382],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12379,12079],{"class":114},[42,12381,88],{"class":87},[42,12383,10189],{"class":56},[1073,12385,12386],{"id":11737},[17,12387,11675],{},[167,12389,12390,12393,12396],{},[170,12391,12392],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[170,12394,12395],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[170,12397,12398],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1073,12400,12401],{"id":11804},[17,12402,12403],{},"my_dict = {}",[167,12405,12406,12409,12412],{},[170,12407,12408],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[170,12410,12411],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[170,12413,12414],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,12416,12417,12418,122],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[693,12419,12421],{"href":12420},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[28,12423,12425],{"id":12424},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,12427,12428,12429,12431],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[17,12430,11675],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[33,12433,12435],{"className":35,"code":12434,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[17,12436,12437,12470,12480,12484,12495,12499,12519,12539],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12438,12439,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12440,12441],{"class":114},"original ",[42,12443,88],{"class":87},[42,12445,10842],{"class":56},[42,12447,61],{"class":60},[42,12449,693],{"class":64},[42,12451,61],{"class":60},[42,12453,1935],{"class":56},[42,12455,5842],{"class":2348},[42,12457,70],{"class":56},[42,12459,73],{"class":60},[42,12461,5102],{"class":64},[42,12463,61],{"class":60},[42,12465,1935],{"class":56},[42,12467,3325],{"class":2348},[42,12469,9659],{"class":56},[42,12471,12472,12475,12477],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12473,12474],{"class":114},"other_ref ",[42,12476,88],{"class":87},[42,12478,12479],{"class":114}," original\n",[42,12481,12482],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12483,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12485,12486,12489,12491,12493],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,12487,12488],{"class":114},"original",[42,12490,122],{"class":56},[42,12492,11737],{"class":125},[42,12494,129],{"class":56},[42,12496,12497],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,12498,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12500,12501,12503,12505,12507,12510,12512,12514,12517],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,12502,284],{"class":52},[42,12504,57],{"class":56},[42,12506,61],{"class":60},[42,12508,12509],{"class":64},"original:",[42,12511,61],{"class":60},[42,12513,70],{"class":56},[42,12515,12516],{"class":125}," original",[42,12518,143],{"class":56},[42,12520,12521,12523,12525,12527,12530,12532,12534,12537],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,12522,284],{"class":52},[42,12524,57],{"class":56},[42,12526,61],{"class":60},[42,12528,12529],{"class":64},"other_ref:",[42,12531,61],{"class":60},[42,12533,70],{"class":56},[42,12535,12536],{"class":125}," other_ref",[42,12538,143],{"class":56},[42,12540,12541,12543,12545,12547,12550,12552],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,12542,284],{"class":52},[42,12544,57],{"class":56},[42,12546,12441],{"class":125},[42,12548,12549],{"class":48},"is",[42,12551,12536],{"class":125},[42,12553,143],{"class":56},[14,12555,2395],{},[33,12557,12559],{"className":35,"code":12558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[17,12560,12561,12569,12578],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12562,12563,12565,12567],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12564,12488],{"class":114},[42,12566,1935],{"class":56},[42,12568,10189],{"class":56},[42,12570,12571,12574,12576],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12572,12573],{"class":114},"other_ref",[42,12575,1935],{"class":56},[42,12577,10189],{"class":56},[42,12579,12580],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12581,4318],{"class":4190},[14,12583,12584],{},"This shows:",[167,12586,12587,12594,12599],{},[170,12588,12589,1753,12591,12593],{},[17,12590,12488],{},[17,12592,12573],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[170,12595,12596,12598],{},[17,12597,11675],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[170,12600,12601],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,12603,12604],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[33,12606,12608],{"className":35,"code":12607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[17,12609,12610,12642,12650,12654,12662,12666,12684,12702],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12611,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634,12636,12638,12640],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12613,12441],{"class":114},[42,12615,88],{"class":87},[42,12617,10842],{"class":56},[42,12619,61],{"class":60},[42,12621,693],{"class":64},[42,12623,61],{"class":60},[42,12625,1935],{"class":56},[42,12627,5842],{"class":2348},[42,12629,70],{"class":56},[42,12631,73],{"class":60},[42,12633,5102],{"class":64},[42,12635,61],{"class":60},[42,12637,1935],{"class":56},[42,12639,3325],{"class":2348},[42,12641,9659],{"class":56},[42,12643,12644,12646,12648],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12645,12474],{"class":114},[42,12647,88],{"class":87},[42,12649,12479],{"class":114},[42,12651,12652],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12653,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12655,12656,12658,12660],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,12657,12441],{"class":114},[42,12659,88],{"class":87},[42,12661,10189],{"class":56},[42,12663,12664],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,12665,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12667,12668,12670,12672,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,12669,284],{"class":52},[42,12671,57],{"class":56},[42,12673,61],{"class":60},[42,12675,12509],{"class":64},[42,12677,61],{"class":60},[42,12679,70],{"class":56},[42,12681,12516],{"class":125},[42,12683,143],{"class":56},[42,12685,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,12687,284],{"class":52},[42,12689,57],{"class":56},[42,12691,61],{"class":60},[42,12693,12529],{"class":64},[42,12695,61],{"class":60},[42,12697,70],{"class":56},[42,12699,12536],{"class":125},[42,12701,143],{"class":56},[42,12703,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,12705,284],{"class":52},[42,12707,57],{"class":56},[42,12709,12441],{"class":125},[42,12711,12549],{"class":48},[42,12713,12536],{"class":125},[42,12715,143],{"class":56},[14,12717,2395],{},[33,12719,12721],{"className":35,"code":12720,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[17,12722,12723,12731,12763],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12724,12725,12727,12729],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12726,12488],{"class":114},[42,12728,1935],{"class":56},[42,12730,10189],{"class":56},[42,12732,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12734,12573],{"class":114},[42,12736,1935],{"class":56},[42,12738,10842],{"class":56},[42,12740,868],{"class":60},[42,12742,693],{"class":64},[42,12744,868],{"class":60},[42,12746,1935],{"class":56},[42,12748,5842],{"class":2348},[42,12750,70],{"class":56},[42,12752,862],{"class":60},[42,12754,5102],{"class":64},[42,12756,868],{"class":60},[42,12758,1935],{"class":56},[42,12760,3325],{"class":2348},[42,12762,9659],{"class":56},[42,12764,12765],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12766,4379],{"class":4190},[14,12768,2503],{},[167,12770,12771,12777],{},[170,12772,12773,12776],{},[17,12774,12775],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[170,12778,12779,12781],{},[17,12780,12573],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12783,12784,12785,122],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[693,12786,12788],{"href":12787},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[17,12789,12790],{},"dict.copy()",[28,12792,5303,12794],{"id":12793},"when-to-use-clear",[17,12795,11675],{},[14,12797,12798,12800],{},[17,12799,11675],{}," is useful when you want to:",[167,12802,12803,12806,12809],{},[170,12804,12805],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[170,12807,12808],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[170,12810,12811],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12813,219],{},[33,12815,12817],{"className":35,"code":12816,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[17,12818,12819,12828,12844,12864,12877,12881,12885,12890,12901,12905],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12820,12821,12824,12826],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12822,12823],{"class":114},"session_data ",[42,12825,88],{"class":87},[42,12827,11847],{"class":56},[42,12829,12830,12832,12835,12837,12839,12842],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12831,11852],{"class":60},[42,12833,12834],{"class":64},"user_id",[42,12836,61],{"class":60},[42,12838,1935],{"class":56},[42,12840,12841],{"class":2348}," 101",[42,12843,11868],{"class":56},[42,12845,12846,12848,12851,12853,12855,12857,12860,12862],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,12847,11852],{"class":60},[42,12849,12850],{"class":64},"theme",[42,12852,61],{"class":60},[42,12854,1935],{"class":56},[42,12856,73],{"class":60},[42,12858,12859],{"class":64},"dark",[42,12861,61],{"class":60},[42,12863,11868],{"class":56},[42,12865,12866,12868,12871,12873,12875],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,12867,11852],{"class":60},[42,12869,12870],{"class":64},"logged_in",[42,12872,61],{"class":60},[42,12874,1935],{"class":56},[42,12876,6769],{"class":4190},[42,12878,12879],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,12880,9659],{"class":56},[42,12882,12883],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,12884,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12886,12887],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,12888,12889],{"class":525},"# Reset for a new session\n",[42,12891,12892,12895,12897,12899],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,12893,12894],{"class":114},"session_data",[42,12896,122],{"class":56},[42,12898,11737],{"class":125},[42,12900,129],{"class":56},[42,12902,12903],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,12904,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,12906,12907,12909,12911,12913,12915],{"class":44,"line":6783},[42,12908,284],{"class":52},[42,12910,57],{"class":56},[42,12912,12894],{"class":125},[42,12914,98],{"class":56},[42,12916,11752],{"class":525},[14,12918,12919,12920,12926,12927,122,12931,12933,12934,122],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[693,12921,12923],{"href":12922},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[17,12924,12925],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[693,12928,12930],{"href":12929},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10197,12932],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[693,12935,12937],{"href":12936},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[17,12938,12939],{},"dict.popitem()",[28,12941,1929],{"id":1928},[14,12943,11100,12944,1935],{},[17,12945,11675],{},[167,12947,12948,12954,12959,12962],{},[170,12949,12950,12951,12953],{},"Assigning the result of ",[17,12952,11675],{}," to a variable",[170,12955,8803,12956,12958],{},[17,12957,11675],{}," to return a new dictionary",[170,12960,12961],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[170,12963,12964],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12966,12967],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[33,12969,12971],{"className":35,"code":12970,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[17,12972,12973,12983,12997,13012],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,12974,12975,12977,12979,12981],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,12976,284],{"class":52},[42,12978,57],{"class":56},[42,12980,11804],{"class":125},[42,12982,143],{"class":56},[42,12984,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,12986,284],{"class":52},[42,12988,57],{"class":56},[42,12990,835],{"class":834},[42,12992,57],{"class":56},[42,12994,11804],{"class":125},[42,12996,842],{"class":56},[42,12998,12999,13001,13003,13006,13008,13010],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,13000,284],{"class":52},[42,13002,57],{"class":56},[42,13004,13005],{"class":52},"id",[42,13007,57],{"class":56},[42,13009,11804],{"class":125},[42,13011,842],{"class":56},[42,13013,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,13015,284],{"class":52},[42,13017,57],{"class":56},[42,13019,12474],{"class":125},[42,13021,12549],{"class":48},[42,13023,12121],{"class":125},[42,13025,143],{"class":56},[14,13027,13028],{},"What these show:",[167,13030,13031,13037,13043,13049],{},[170,13032,13033,13036],{},[17,13034,13035],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[170,13038,13039,13042],{},[17,13040,13041],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[170,13044,13045,13048],{},[17,13046,13047],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[170,13050,13051,13054],{},[17,13052,13053],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[28,13056,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,13058,13060,13061,13063],{"id":13059},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[17,13062,11675],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,13065,13066],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1073,13068,5485,13070,13072],{"id":13069},"what-does-dictclear-return",[17,13071,11681],{}," return?",[14,13074,5491,13075,122],{},[17,13076,4115],{},[1073,13078,2171,13080,1753,13082,2823],{"id":13079},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[17,13081,11675],{},[17,13083,4129],{},[14,13085,13086,13088,13089,13091],{},[17,13087,11675],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[17,13090,4129],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1073,13093,13060,13095,13097],{"id":13094},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[17,13096,11675],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,13099,13100],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[28,13102,2205],{"id":2204},[167,13104,13105,13109,13113,13120,13127,13134,13139],{},[170,13106,13107],{},[693,13108,9506],{"href":9505},[170,13110,13111],{},[693,13112,11596],{"href":9741},[170,13114,13115],{},[693,13116,11089,13117,11093],{"href":12922},[17,13118,13119],{},"pop()",[170,13121,13122],{},[693,13123,11089,13124,11093],{"href":12936},[17,13125,13126],{},"popitem()",[170,13128,13129],{},[693,13130,11089,13131,11093],{"href":12787},[17,13132,13133],{},"copy()",[170,13135,13136],{},[693,13137,13138],{"href":12420},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[170,13140,13141],{},[693,13142,13143],{"href":12929},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2245,13145,13146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":13148},[13149,13150,13152,13153,13154,13158,13163,13164,13166,13167,13177],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":11760,"depth":111,"text":13151},"What clear() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":12057,"depth":111,"text":13155,"children":13156},"What clear() returns",[13157],{"id":12170,"depth":132,"text":12171},{"id":12350,"depth":111,"text":13159,"children":13160},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13161,13162],{"id":11737,"depth":132,"text":11675},{"id":11804,"depth":132,"text":12403},{"id":12424,"depth":111,"text":12425},{"id":12793,"depth":111,"text":13165},"When to use clear()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":13168},[13169,13171,13173,13175],{"id":13059,"depth":132,"text":13170},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":13069,"depth":132,"text":13172},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":13079,"depth":132,"text":13174},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":13094,"depth":132,"text":13176},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11666,"description":13178},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13185,"title":13186,"body":13187,"description":15354,"extension":2285,"meta":15355,"navigation":2287,"path":15356,"seo":15357,"stem":15358,"__hash__":15359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13188,"toc":15326},[13189,13194,13199,13209,13211,13300,13304,13345,13350,13357,13375,13384,13386,13407,13410,13422,13424,13503,13507,13548,13550,13553,13680,13684,13764,13767,13785,13788,13792,13798,13800,13811,13813,14008,14012,14118,14121,14139,14142,14149,14154,14158,14172,14174,14301,14305,14385,14398,14404,14407,14414,14418,14544,14548,14622,14627,14758,14762,14836,14839,14853,14857,14861,14875,14877,15013,15017,15086,15088,15093,15115,15118,15225,15228,15239,15246,15248,15254,15257,15264,15267,15274,15282,15286,15289,15291,15323],[10,13190,11672,13192,11676],{"id":13191},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[17,13193,13133],{},[14,13195,13196,13198],{},[17,13197,12790],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,13200,13201,13202,13204,13205,13208],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[17,13203,13133],{}," makes a ",[177,13206,13207],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[28,13210,31],{"id":30},[33,13212,13214],{"className":35,"code":13213,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[17,13215,13216,13254,13271,13275,13286],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13217,13218,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13219,13220],{"class":114},"student ",[42,13222,88],{"class":87},[42,13224,10842],{"class":56},[42,13226,61],{"class":60},[42,13228,8016],{"class":64},[42,13230,61],{"class":60},[42,13232,1935],{"class":56},[42,13234,73],{"class":60},[42,13236,13237],{"class":64},"Ana",[42,13239,61],{"class":60},[42,13241,70],{"class":56},[42,13243,73],{"class":60},[42,13245,9649],{"class":64},[42,13247,61],{"class":60},[42,13249,1935],{"class":56},[42,13251,8139],{"class":2348},[42,13253,9659],{"class":56},[42,13255,13256,13259,13261,13264,13266,13269],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,13257,13258],{"class":114},"student_copy ",[42,13260,88],{"class":87},[42,13262,13263],{"class":114}," student",[42,13265,122],{"class":56},[42,13267,13268],{"class":125},"copy",[42,13270,129],{"class":56},[42,13272,13273],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,13274,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,13276,13277,13279,13281,13284],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,13278,284],{"class":52},[42,13280,57],{"class":56},[42,13282,13283],{"class":125},"student_copy",[42,13285,143],{"class":56},[42,13287,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,13289,284],{"class":52},[42,13291,57],{"class":56},[42,13293,13258],{"class":125},[42,13295,12549],{"class":48},[42,13297,13263],{"class":125},[42,13299,143],{"class":56},[14,13301,13302],{},[177,13303,2395],{},[33,13305,13307],{"className":35,"code":13306,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[17,13308,13309,13341],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13310,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13312,9628],{"class":56},[42,13314,868],{"class":60},[42,13316,8016],{"class":64},[42,13318,868],{"class":60},[42,13320,1935],{"class":56},[42,13322,862],{"class":60},[42,13324,13237],{"class":64},[42,13326,868],{"class":60},[42,13328,70],{"class":56},[42,13330,862],{"class":60},[42,13332,9649],{"class":64},[42,13334,868],{"class":60},[42,13336,1935],{"class":56},[42,13338,8139],{"class":2348},[42,13340,9659],{"class":56},[42,13342,13343],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,13344,4379],{"class":4190},[14,13346,146,13347,13349],{},[17,13348,13133],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[28,13351,13353,13354,13356],{"id":13352},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[17,13355,13133],{}," method does",[167,13358,13359,13364,13367,13372],{},[170,13360,13361,13363],{},[17,13362,12790],{}," returns a new dictionary",[170,13365,13366],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[170,13368,13369,13370],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[17,13371,13133],{},[170,13373,13374],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,13376,13377,13378,1327,13381,122],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[693,13379,9506],{"href":13380},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[693,13382,9742],{"href":13383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[28,13385,312],{"id":311},[33,13387,13389],{"className":35,"code":13388,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[17,13390,13391],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13392,13393,13396,13398,13401,13403,13405],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13394,13395],{"class":114},"new_dict ",[42,13397,88],{"class":87},[42,13399,13400],{"class":114}," old_dict",[42,13402,122],{"class":56},[42,13404,13268],{"class":125},[42,13406,129],{"class":56},[14,13408,13409],{},"Key points:",[167,13411,13412,13416,13419],{},[170,13413,13414,11819],{},[17,13415,13133],{},[170,13417,13418],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[170,13420,13421],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,13423,219],{},[33,13425,13427],{"className":35,"code":13426,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,13428,13429,13472,13488,13492],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13430,13431,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13468,13470],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13432,13433],{"class":114},"colors ",[42,13435,88],{"class":87},[42,13437,10842],{"class":56},[42,13439,61],{"class":60},[42,13441,693],{"class":64},[42,13443,61],{"class":60},[42,13445,1935],{"class":56},[42,13447,73],{"class":60},[42,13449,13450],{"class":64},"red",[42,13452,61],{"class":60},[42,13454,70],{"class":56},[42,13456,73],{"class":60},[42,13458,5102],{"class":64},[42,13460,61],{"class":60},[42,13462,1935],{"class":56},[42,13464,73],{"class":60},[42,13466,13467],{"class":64},"blue",[42,13469,61],{"class":60},[42,13471,9659],{"class":56},[42,13473,13474,13477,13479,13482,13484,13486],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,13475,13476],{"class":114},"new_colors ",[42,13478,88],{"class":87},[42,13480,13481],{"class":114}," colors",[42,13483,122],{"class":56},[42,13485,13268],{"class":125},[42,13487,129],{"class":56},[42,13489,13490],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,13491,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,13493,13494,13496,13498,13501],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,13495,284],{"class":52},[42,13497,57],{"class":56},[42,13499,13500],{"class":125},"new_colors",[42,13502,143],{"class":56},[14,13504,13505],{},[177,13506,2395],{},[33,13508,13510],{"className":35,"code":13509,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[17,13511,13512],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13513,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13515,9628],{"class":56},[42,13517,868],{"class":60},[42,13519,693],{"class":64},[42,13521,868],{"class":60},[42,13523,1935],{"class":56},[42,13525,862],{"class":60},[42,13527,13450],{"class":64},[42,13529,868],{"class":60},[42,13531,70],{"class":56},[42,13533,862],{"class":60},[42,13535,5102],{"class":64},[42,13537,868],{"class":60},[42,13539,1935],{"class":56},[42,13541,862],{"class":60},[42,13543,13467],{"class":64},[42,13545,868],{"class":60},[42,13547,9659],{"class":56},[28,13549,11829],{"id":11828},[14,13551,13552],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[33,13554,13556],{"className":35,"code":13555,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[17,13557,13558,13596,13612,13616,13637,13641,13660],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13559,13560,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13561,13562],{"class":114},"person ",[42,13564,88],{"class":87},[42,13566,10842],{"class":56},[42,13568,61],{"class":60},[42,13570,8016],{"class":64},[42,13572,61],{"class":60},[42,13574,1935],{"class":56},[42,13576,73],{"class":60},[42,13578,13579],{"class":64},"Liam",[42,13581,61],{"class":60},[42,13583,70],{"class":56},[42,13585,73],{"class":60},[42,13587,9649],{"class":64},[42,13589,61],{"class":60},[42,13591,1935],{"class":56},[42,13593,9656],{"class":2348},[42,13595,9659],{"class":56},[42,13597,13598,13601,13603,13606,13608,13610],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,13599,13600],{"class":114},"person_copy ",[42,13602,88],{"class":87},[42,13604,13605],{"class":114}," person",[42,13607,122],{"class":56},[42,13609,13268],{"class":125},[42,13611,129],{"class":56},[42,13613,13614],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,13615,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,13617,13618,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13632,13634],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,13619,13620],{"class":114},"person_copy",[42,13622,4238],{"class":56},[42,13624,61],{"class":60},[42,13626,9649],{"class":64},[42,13628,61],{"class":60},[42,13630,13631],{"class":56},"]",[42,13633,232],{"class":87},[42,13635,13636],{"class":2348}," 26\n",[42,13638,13639],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,13640,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,13642,13643,13645,13647,13649,13652,13654,13656,13658],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,13644,284],{"class":52},[42,13646,57],{"class":56},[42,13648,61],{"class":60},[42,13650,13651],{"class":64},"Original:",[42,13653,61],{"class":60},[42,13655,70],{"class":56},[42,13657,13605],{"class":125},[42,13659,143],{"class":56},[42,13661,13662,13664,13666,13668,13671,13673,13675,13678],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,13663,284],{"class":52},[42,13665,57],{"class":56},[42,13667,61],{"class":60},[42,13669,13670],{"class":64},"Copy:",[42,13672,61],{"class":60},[42,13674,70],{"class":56},[42,13676,13677],{"class":125}," person_copy",[42,13679,143],{"class":56},[14,13681,13682],{},[177,13683,2395],{},[33,13685,13687],{"className":35,"code":13686,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[17,13688,13689,13726],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13690,13691,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13692,13693],{"class":114},"Original",[42,13695,1935],{"class":56},[42,13697,10842],{"class":56},[42,13699,868],{"class":60},[42,13701,8016],{"class":64},[42,13703,868],{"class":60},[42,13705,1935],{"class":56},[42,13707,862],{"class":60},[42,13709,13579],{"class":64},[42,13711,868],{"class":60},[42,13713,70],{"class":56},[42,13715,862],{"class":60},[42,13717,9649],{"class":64},[42,13719,868],{"class":60},[42,13721,1935],{"class":56},[42,13723,9656],{"class":2348},[42,13725,9659],{"class":56},[42,13727,13728,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759,13762],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,13729,13730],{"class":114},"Copy",[42,13732,1935],{"class":56},[42,13734,10842],{"class":56},[42,13736,868],{"class":60},[42,13738,8016],{"class":64},[42,13740,868],{"class":60},[42,13742,1935],{"class":56},[42,13744,862],{"class":60},[42,13746,13579],{"class":64},[42,13748,868],{"class":60},[42,13750,70],{"class":56},[42,13752,862],{"class":60},[42,13754,9649],{"class":64},[42,13756,868],{"class":60},[42,13758,1935],{"class":56},[42,13760,13761],{"class":2348}," 26",[42,13763,9659],{"class":56},[14,13765,13766],{},"What happened here:",[167,13768,13769,13775,13782],{},[170,13770,13771,13774],{},[17,13772,13773],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[170,13776,13777,13778,13781],{},"Changing ",[17,13779,13780],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[170,13783,13784],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13786,13787],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[28,13789,13791],{"id":13790},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13793,13794,13204,13796,122],{},[17,13795,13133],{},[177,13797,13207],{},[14,13799,2432],{},[167,13801,13802,13805,13808],{},[170,13803,13804],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[170,13806,13807],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[170,13809,13810],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13812,219],{},[33,13814,13816],{"className":35,"code":13815,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[17,13817,13818,13826,13844,13867,13871,13875,13889,13893,13918,13922,13940,13959,13974],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,13819,13820,13822,13824],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,13821,13220],{"class":114},[42,13823,88],{"class":87},[42,13825,11847],{"class":56},[42,13827,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,13829,11852],{"class":60},[42,13831,8016],{"class":64},[42,13833,61],{"class":60},[42,13835,1935],{"class":56},[42,13837,73],{"class":60},[42,13839,13237],{"class":64},[42,13841,61],{"class":60},[42,13843,11868],{"class":56},[42,13845,13846,13848,13851,13853,13855,13857,13860,13862,13865],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,13847,11852],{"class":60},[42,13849,13850],{"class":64},"grades",[42,13852,61],{"class":60},[42,13854,1935],{"class":56},[42,13856,3957],{"class":56},[42,13858,13859],{"class":2348},"90",[42,13861,70],{"class":56},[42,13863,13864],{"class":2348}," 85",[42,13866,3970],{"class":56},[42,13868,13869],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,13870,9659],{"class":56},[42,13872,13873],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,13874,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,13876,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,13878,13258],{"class":114},[42,13880,88],{"class":87},[42,13882,13263],{"class":114},[42,13884,122],{"class":56},[42,13886,13268],{"class":125},[42,13888,129],{"class":56},[42,13890,13891],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,13892,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,13894,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13908,13911,13913,13916],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,13896,13283],{"class":114},[42,13898,4238],{"class":56},[42,13900,61],{"class":60},[42,13902,13850],{"class":64},[42,13904,61],{"class":60},[42,13906,13907],{"class":56},"].",[42,13909,13910],{"class":125},"append",[42,13912,57],{"class":56},[42,13914,13915],{"class":2348},"100",[42,13917,143],{"class":56},[42,13919,13920],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,13921,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,13923,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938],{"class":44,"line":6783},[42,13925,284],{"class":52},[42,13927,57],{"class":56},[42,13929,61],{"class":60},[42,13931,13651],{"class":64},[42,13933,61],{"class":60},[42,13935,70],{"class":56},[42,13937,13263],{"class":125},[42,13939,143],{"class":56},[42,13941,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954,13957],{"class":44,"line":11949},[42,13943,284],{"class":52},[42,13945,57],{"class":56},[42,13947,61],{"class":60},[42,13949,13670],{"class":64},[42,13951,61],{"class":60},[42,13953,70],{"class":56},[42,13955,13956],{"class":125}," student_copy",[42,13958,143],{"class":56},[42,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972],{"class":44,"line":13961},12,[42,13963,284],{"class":52},[42,13965,57],{"class":56},[42,13967,13220],{"class":125},[42,13969,12549],{"class":48},[42,13971,13956],{"class":125},[42,13973,143],{"class":56},[42,13975,13977,13979,13981,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006],{"class":44,"line":13976},13,[42,13978,284],{"class":52},[42,13980,57],{"class":56},[42,13982,13983],{"class":125},"student",[42,13985,4238],{"class":56},[42,13987,61],{"class":60},[42,13989,13850],{"class":64},[42,13991,61],{"class":60},[42,13993,13631],{"class":56},[42,13995,8446],{"class":48},[42,13997,13956],{"class":125},[42,13999,4238],{"class":56},[42,14001,61],{"class":60},[42,14003,13850],{"class":64},[42,14005,61],{"class":60},[42,14007,4226],{"class":56},[14,14009,14010],{},[177,14011,2395],{},[33,14013,14015],{"className":35,"code":14014,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,14016,14017,14064,14110,14114],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14018,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14020,13693],{"class":114},[42,14022,1935],{"class":56},[42,14024,10842],{"class":56},[42,14026,868],{"class":60},[42,14028,8016],{"class":64},[42,14030,868],{"class":60},[42,14032,1935],{"class":56},[42,14034,862],{"class":60},[42,14036,13237],{"class":64},[42,14038,868],{"class":60},[42,14040,70],{"class":56},[42,14042,862],{"class":60},[42,14044,13850],{"class":64},[42,14046,868],{"class":60},[42,14048,1935],{"class":56},[42,14050,3957],{"class":56},[42,14052,13859],{"class":2348},[42,14054,70],{"class":56},[42,14056,13864],{"class":2348},[42,14058,70],{"class":56},[42,14060,10469],{"class":2348},[42,14062,14063],{"class":56},"]}\n",[42,14065,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14067,13730],{"class":114},[42,14069,1935],{"class":56},[42,14071,10842],{"class":56},[42,14073,868],{"class":60},[42,14075,8016],{"class":64},[42,14077,868],{"class":60},[42,14079,1935],{"class":56},[42,14081,862],{"class":60},[42,14083,13237],{"class":64},[42,14085,868],{"class":60},[42,14087,70],{"class":56},[42,14089,862],{"class":60},[42,14091,13850],{"class":64},[42,14093,868],{"class":60},[42,14095,1935],{"class":56},[42,14097,3957],{"class":56},[42,14099,13859],{"class":2348},[42,14101,70],{"class":56},[42,14103,13864],{"class":2348},[42,14105,70],{"class":56},[42,14107,10469],{"class":2348},[42,14109,14063],{"class":56},[42,14111,14112],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,14113,4379],{"class":4190},[42,14115,14116],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,14117,4318],{"class":4190},[14,14119,14120],{},"Notice the difference:",[167,14122,14123,14131],{},[170,14124,14125,5125,14128,14130],{},[17,14126,14127],{},"student is student_copy",[17,14129,4009],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[170,14132,14133,5125,14136,14138],{},[17,14134,14135],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[17,14137,3937],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,14140,14141],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,14143,14144,14145,122],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[693,14146,14148],{"href":14147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[28,14150,5303,14152],{"id":14151},"when-to-use-copy",[17,14153,13133],{},[14,14155,146,14156,10953],{},[17,14157,13133],{},[167,14159,14160,14163,14166,14169],{},[170,14161,14162],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[170,14164,14165],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[170,14167,14168],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[170,14170,14171],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,14173,219],{},[33,14175,14177],{"className":35,"code":14176,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[17,14178,14179,14218,14234,14238,14258,14262,14281],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14180,14181,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14209,14211,14213,14216],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14182,14183],{"class":114},"settings ",[42,14185,88],{"class":87},[42,14187,10842],{"class":56},[42,14189,61],{"class":60},[42,14191,12850],{"class":64},[42,14193,61],{"class":60},[42,14195,1935],{"class":56},[42,14197,73],{"class":60},[42,14199,12859],{"class":64},[42,14201,61],{"class":60},[42,14203,70],{"class":56},[42,14205,73],{"class":60},[42,14207,14208],{"class":64},"font_size",[42,14210,61],{"class":60},[42,14212,1935],{"class":56},[42,14214,14215],{"class":2348}," 14",[42,14217,9659],{"class":56},[42,14219,14220,14223,14225,14228,14230,14232],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14221,14222],{"class":114},"settings_backup ",[42,14224,88],{"class":87},[42,14226,14227],{"class":114}," settings",[42,14229,122],{"class":56},[42,14231,13268],{"class":125},[42,14233,129],{"class":56},[42,14235,14236],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,14237,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14239,14240,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253,14255],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,14241,14242],{"class":114},"settings",[42,14244,4238],{"class":56},[42,14246,61],{"class":60},[42,14248,14208],{"class":64},[42,14250,61],{"class":60},[42,14252,13631],{"class":56},[42,14254,232],{"class":87},[42,14256,14257],{"class":2348}," 16\n",[42,14259,14260],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,14261,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14263,14264,14266,14268,14270,14273,14275,14277,14279],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,14265,284],{"class":52},[42,14267,57],{"class":56},[42,14269,61],{"class":60},[42,14271,14272],{"class":64},"Current:",[42,14274,61],{"class":60},[42,14276,70],{"class":56},[42,14278,14227],{"class":125},[42,14280,143],{"class":56},[42,14282,14283,14285,14287,14289,14292,14294,14296,14299],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,14284,284],{"class":52},[42,14286,57],{"class":56},[42,14288,61],{"class":60},[42,14290,14291],{"class":64},"Backup:",[42,14293,61],{"class":60},[42,14295,70],{"class":56},[42,14297,14298],{"class":125}," settings_backup",[42,14300,143],{"class":56},[14,14302,14303],{},[177,14304,2395],{},[33,14306,14308],{"className":35,"code":14307,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[17,14309,14310,14348],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14311,14312,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14346],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14313,14314],{"class":114},"Current",[42,14316,1935],{"class":56},[42,14318,10842],{"class":56},[42,14320,868],{"class":60},[42,14322,12850],{"class":64},[42,14324,868],{"class":60},[42,14326,1935],{"class":56},[42,14328,862],{"class":60},[42,14330,12859],{"class":64},[42,14332,868],{"class":60},[42,14334,70],{"class":56},[42,14336,862],{"class":60},[42,14338,14208],{"class":64},[42,14340,868],{"class":60},[42,14342,1935],{"class":56},[42,14344,14345],{"class":2348}," 16",[42,14347,9659],{"class":56},[42,14349,14350,14353,14355,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14351,14352],{"class":114},"Backup",[42,14354,1935],{"class":56},[42,14356,10842],{"class":56},[42,14358,868],{"class":60},[42,14360,12850],{"class":64},[42,14362,868],{"class":60},[42,14364,1935],{"class":56},[42,14366,862],{"class":60},[42,14368,12859],{"class":64},[42,14370,868],{"class":60},[42,14372,70],{"class":56},[42,14374,862],{"class":60},[42,14376,14208],{"class":64},[42,14378,868],{"class":60},[42,14380,1935],{"class":56},[42,14382,14215],{"class":2348},[42,14384,9659],{"class":56},[14,14386,14387,14388,1327,14394,122],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[693,14389,14391],{"href":14390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[17,14392,14393],{},"dict.update()",[693,14395,14396],{"href":13180},[17,14397,11681],{},[28,14399,14401,14403],{"id":14400},"copy-vs-assignment",[17,14402,13133],{}," vs assignment",[14,14405,14406],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,14408,1940,14409,1518,14411,14413],{},[17,14410,88],{},[177,14412,179],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1073,14415,14417],{"id":14416},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[33,14419,14421],{"className":35,"code":14420,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[17,14422,14423,14455,14464,14468,14488,14492,14510,14530],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14424,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14426,12441],{"class":114},[42,14428,88],{"class":87},[42,14430,10842],{"class":56},[42,14432,61],{"class":60},[42,14434,2498],{"class":64},[42,14436,61],{"class":60},[42,14438,1935],{"class":56},[42,14440,5842],{"class":2348},[42,14442,70],{"class":56},[42,14444,73],{"class":60},[42,14446,12100],{"class":64},[42,14448,61],{"class":60},[42,14450,1935],{"class":56},[42,14452,3325],{"class":2348},[42,14454,9659],{"class":56},[42,14456,14457,14460,14462],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14458,14459],{"class":114},"assigned ",[42,14461,88],{"class":87},[42,14463,12479],{"class":114},[42,14465,14466],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,14467,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14469,14470,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,14471,14472],{"class":114},"assigned",[42,14474,4238],{"class":56},[42,14476,61],{"class":60},[42,14478,2498],{"class":64},[42,14480,61],{"class":60},[42,14482,13631],{"class":56},[42,14484,232],{"class":87},[42,14486,14487],{"class":2348}," 99\n",[42,14489,14490],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,14491,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14493,14494,14496,14498,14500,14502,14504,14506,14508],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,14495,284],{"class":52},[42,14497,57],{"class":56},[42,14499,61],{"class":60},[42,14501,13651],{"class":64},[42,14503,61],{"class":60},[42,14505,70],{"class":56},[42,14507,12516],{"class":125},[42,14509,143],{"class":56},[42,14511,14512,14514,14516,14518,14521,14523,14525,14528],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,14513,284],{"class":52},[42,14515,57],{"class":56},[42,14517,61],{"class":60},[42,14519,14520],{"class":64},"Assigned:",[42,14522,61],{"class":60},[42,14524,70],{"class":56},[42,14526,14527],{"class":125}," assigned",[42,14529,143],{"class":56},[42,14531,14532,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,14533,284],{"class":52},[42,14535,57],{"class":56},[42,14537,12441],{"class":125},[42,14539,12549],{"class":48},[42,14541,14527],{"class":125},[42,14543,143],{"class":56},[14,14545,14546],{},[177,14547,2395],{},[33,14549,14551],{"className":35,"code":14550,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[17,14552,14553,14585,14618],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14554,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14556,13693],{"class":114},[42,14558,1935],{"class":56},[42,14560,10842],{"class":56},[42,14562,868],{"class":60},[42,14564,2498],{"class":64},[42,14566,868],{"class":60},[42,14568,1935],{"class":56},[42,14570,10548],{"class":2348},[42,14572,70],{"class":56},[42,14574,862],{"class":60},[42,14576,12100],{"class":64},[42,14578,868],{"class":60},[42,14580,1935],{"class":56},[42,14582,3325],{"class":2348},[42,14584,9659],{"class":56},[42,14586,14587,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14588,14589],{"class":114},"Assigned",[42,14591,1935],{"class":56},[42,14593,10842],{"class":56},[42,14595,868],{"class":60},[42,14597,2498],{"class":64},[42,14599,868],{"class":60},[42,14601,1935],{"class":56},[42,14603,10548],{"class":2348},[42,14605,70],{"class":56},[42,14607,862],{"class":60},[42,14609,12100],{"class":64},[42,14611,868],{"class":60},[42,14613,1935],{"class":56},[42,14615,3325],{"class":2348},[42,14617,9659],{"class":56},[42,14619,14620],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,14621,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,14623,1940,14625],{"id":14624},"using-copy",[17,14626,13133],{},[33,14628,14630],{"className":35,"code":14629,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[17,14631,14632,14664,14679,14683,14702,14706,14724,14744],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14633,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14635,12441],{"class":114},[42,14637,88],{"class":87},[42,14639,10842],{"class":56},[42,14641,61],{"class":60},[42,14643,2498],{"class":64},[42,14645,61],{"class":60},[42,14647,1935],{"class":56},[42,14649,5842],{"class":2348},[42,14651,70],{"class":56},[42,14653,73],{"class":60},[42,14655,12100],{"class":64},[42,14657,61],{"class":60},[42,14659,1935],{"class":56},[42,14661,3325],{"class":2348},[42,14663,9659],{"class":56},[42,14665,14666,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14667,14668],{"class":114},"copied ",[42,14670,88],{"class":87},[42,14672,12516],{"class":114},[42,14674,122],{"class":56},[42,14676,13268],{"class":125},[42,14678,129],{"class":56},[42,14680,14681],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,14682,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14684,14685,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,14686,14687],{"class":114},"copied",[42,14689,4238],{"class":56},[42,14691,61],{"class":60},[42,14693,2498],{"class":64},[42,14695,61],{"class":60},[42,14697,13631],{"class":56},[42,14699,232],{"class":87},[42,14701,14487],{"class":2348},[42,14703,14704],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,14705,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14707,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,14709,284],{"class":52},[42,14711,57],{"class":56},[42,14713,61],{"class":60},[42,14715,13651],{"class":64},[42,14717,61],{"class":60},[42,14719,70],{"class":56},[42,14721,12516],{"class":125},[42,14723,143],{"class":56},[42,14725,14726,14728,14730,14732,14735,14737,14739,14742],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,14727,284],{"class":52},[42,14729,57],{"class":56},[42,14731,61],{"class":60},[42,14733,14734],{"class":64},"Copied:",[42,14736,61],{"class":60},[42,14738,70],{"class":56},[42,14740,14741],{"class":125}," copied",[42,14743,143],{"class":56},[42,14745,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,14747,284],{"class":52},[42,14749,57],{"class":56},[42,14751,12441],{"class":125},[42,14753,12549],{"class":48},[42,14755,14741],{"class":125},[42,14757,143],{"class":56},[14,14759,14760],{},[177,14761,2395],{},[33,14763,14765],{"className":35,"code":14764,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[17,14766,14767,14799,14832],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14768,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14770,13693],{"class":114},[42,14772,1935],{"class":56},[42,14774,10842],{"class":56},[42,14776,868],{"class":60},[42,14778,2498],{"class":64},[42,14780,868],{"class":60},[42,14782,1935],{"class":56},[42,14784,5842],{"class":2348},[42,14786,70],{"class":56},[42,14788,862],{"class":60},[42,14790,12100],{"class":64},[42,14792,868],{"class":60},[42,14794,1935],{"class":56},[42,14796,3325],{"class":2348},[42,14798,9659],{"class":56},[42,14800,14801,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828,14830],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14802,14803],{"class":114},"Copied",[42,14805,1935],{"class":56},[42,14807,10842],{"class":56},[42,14809,868],{"class":60},[42,14811,2498],{"class":64},[42,14813,868],{"class":60},[42,14815,1935],{"class":56},[42,14817,10548],{"class":2348},[42,14819,70],{"class":56},[42,14821,862],{"class":60},[42,14823,12100],{"class":64},[42,14825,868],{"class":60},[42,14827,1935],{"class":56},[42,14829,3325],{"class":2348},[42,14831,9659],{"class":56},[42,14833,14834],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,14835,4379],{"class":4190},[14,14837,14838],{},"Summary:",[167,14840,14841,14847],{},[170,14842,14843,14846],{},[17,14844,14845],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[170,14848,14849,14852],{},[17,14850,14851],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[28,14854,14856],{"id":14855},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14858,14859,1935],{},[17,14860,13133],{},[167,14862,14863,14866,14869,14872],{},[170,14864,14865],{},"Returns a dictionary",[170,14867,14868],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[170,14870,14871],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[170,14873,14874],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14876,219],{},[33,14878,14880],{"className":35,"code":14879,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[17,14881,14882,14914,14930,14934,14952,14972,14976,14994],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,14883,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,14885,9516],{"class":114},[42,14887,88],{"class":87},[42,14889,10842],{"class":56},[42,14891,61],{"class":60},[42,14893,693],{"class":64},[42,14895,61],{"class":60},[42,14897,1935],{"class":56},[42,14899,5842],{"class":2348},[42,14901,70],{"class":56},[42,14903,73],{"class":60},[42,14905,5102],{"class":64},[42,14907,61],{"class":60},[42,14909,1935],{"class":56},[42,14911,3325],{"class":2348},[42,14913,9659],{"class":56},[42,14915,14916,14919,14921,14924,14926,14928],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,14917,14918],{"class":114},"data_copy ",[42,14920,88],{"class":87},[42,14922,14923],{"class":114}," data",[42,14925,122],{"class":56},[42,14927,13268],{"class":125},[42,14929,129],{"class":56},[42,14931,14932],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,14933,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14935,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,14937,9554],{"class":114},[42,14939,4238],{"class":56},[42,14941,61],{"class":60},[42,14943,693],{"class":64},[42,14945,61],{"class":60},[42,14947,13631],{"class":56},[42,14949,232],{"class":87},[42,14951,2919],{"class":2348},[42,14953,14954,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967,14969],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,14955,14956],{"class":114},"data_copy",[42,14958,4238],{"class":56},[42,14960,61],{"class":60},[42,14962,5102],{"class":64},[42,14964,61],{"class":60},[42,14966,13631],{"class":56},[42,14968,232],{"class":87},[42,14970,14971],{"class":2348}," 20\n",[42,14973,14974],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,14975,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,14977,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,14979,284],{"class":52},[42,14981,57],{"class":56},[42,14983,61],{"class":60},[42,14985,13651],{"class":64},[42,14987,61],{"class":60},[42,14989,70],{"class":56},[42,14991,14923],{"class":125},[42,14993,143],{"class":56},[42,14995,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15011],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,14997,284],{"class":52},[42,14999,57],{"class":56},[42,15001,61],{"class":60},[42,15003,13670],{"class":64},[42,15005,61],{"class":60},[42,15007,70],{"class":56},[42,15009,15010],{"class":125}," data_copy",[42,15012,143],{"class":56},[14,15014,15015],{},[177,15016,2395],{},[33,15018,15020],{"className":35,"code":15019,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[17,15021,15022,15054],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15023,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15025,13693],{"class":114},[42,15027,1935],{"class":56},[42,15029,10842],{"class":56},[42,15031,868],{"class":60},[42,15033,693],{"class":64},[42,15035,868],{"class":60},[42,15037,1935],{"class":56},[42,15039,6350],{"class":2348},[42,15041,70],{"class":56},[42,15043,862],{"class":60},[42,15045,5102],{"class":64},[42,15047,868],{"class":60},[42,15049,1935],{"class":56},[42,15051,3325],{"class":2348},[42,15053,9659],{"class":56},[42,15055,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074,15076,15078,15080,15082,15084],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15057,13730],{"class":114},[42,15059,1935],{"class":56},[42,15061,10842],{"class":56},[42,15063,868],{"class":60},[42,15065,693],{"class":64},[42,15067,868],{"class":60},[42,15069,1935],{"class":56},[42,15071,5842],{"class":2348},[42,15073,70],{"class":56},[42,15075,862],{"class":60},[42,15077,5102],{"class":64},[42,15079,868],{"class":60},[42,15081,1935],{"class":56},[42,15083,8139],{"class":2348},[42,15085,9659],{"class":56},[28,15087,1929],{"id":1928},[14,15089,15090,15091,1935],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[17,15092,12790],{},[167,15094,15095,15102,15107,15112],{},[170,15096,1940,15097,11445,15099,15101],{},[17,15098,88],{},[17,15100,13133],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[170,15103,4920,15104,15106],{},[17,15105,13133],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[170,15108,15109,15110],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[17,15111,13133],{},[170,15113,15114],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,15116,15117],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[33,15119,15121],{"className":35,"code":15120,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[17,15122,15123,15133,15143,15157,15180,15203],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15124,15125,15127,15129,15131],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15126,284],{"class":52},[42,15128,57],{"class":56},[42,15130,12488],{"class":125},[42,15132,143],{"class":56},[42,15134,15135,15137,15139,15141],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15136,284],{"class":52},[42,15138,57],{"class":56},[42,15140,14687],{"class":125},[42,15142,143],{"class":56},[42,15144,15145,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,15146,284],{"class":52},[42,15148,57],{"class":56},[42,15150,12441],{"class":125},[42,15152,12549],{"class":48},[42,15154,14741],{"class":125},[42,15156,143],{"class":56},[42,15158,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15174,15176,15178],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,15160,284],{"class":52},[42,15162,57],{"class":56},[42,15164,13005],{"class":52},[42,15166,57],{"class":56},[42,15168,12488],{"class":125},[42,15170,9583],{"class":56},[42,15172,15173],{"class":52}," id",[42,15175,57],{"class":56},[42,15177,14687],{"class":125},[42,15179,842],{"class":56},[42,15181,15182,15184,15186,15188,15190,15192,15194,15196,15199,15201],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,15183,284],{"class":52},[42,15185,57],{"class":56},[42,15187,13005],{"class":52},[42,15189,57],{"class":56},[42,15191,12488],{"class":125},[42,15193,4238],{"class":56},[42,15195,61],{"class":60},[42,15197,15198],{"class":64},"key",[42,15200,61],{"class":60},[42,15202,3332],{"class":56},[42,15204,15205,15207,15209,15211,15213,15215,15217,15219,15221,15223],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,15206,284],{"class":52},[42,15208,57],{"class":56},[42,15210,13005],{"class":52},[42,15212,57],{"class":56},[42,15214,14687],{"class":125},[42,15216,4238],{"class":56},[42,15218,61],{"class":60},[42,15220,15198],{"class":64},[42,15222,61],{"class":60},[42,15224,3332],{"class":56},[14,15226,15227],{},"What these help you check:",[167,15229,15230,15233,15236],{},[170,15231,15232],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[170,15234,15235],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[170,15237,15238],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,15240,15241,15242,122],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[693,15243,15245],{"href":15244},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[28,15247,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,15249,13060,15251,15253],{"id":15250},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,15252,12790],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,15255,15256],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1073,15258,15260,15261,15263],{"id":15259},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[17,15262,12790],{}," a deep copy?",[14,15265,15266],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1073,15268,2171,15270,1753,15272,2823],{"id":15269},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[17,15271,13133],{},[17,15273,88],{},[14,15275,15276,15278,15279,15281],{},[17,15277,13133],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[17,15280,88],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1073,15283,15285],{"id":15284},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,15287,15288],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[28,15290,2205],{"id":2204},[167,15292,15293,15297,15301,15305,15312,15318],{},[170,15294,15295],{},[693,15296,11596],{"href":13383},[170,15298,15299],{},[693,15300,9506],{"href":13380},[170,15302,15303],{},[693,15304,14148],{"href":14147},[170,15306,15307],{},[693,15308,11089,15309,11093],{"href":14390},[17,15310,15311],{},"update()",[170,15313,15314],{},[693,15315,11089,15316,11093],{"href":13180},[17,15317,11675],{},[170,15319,15320],{},[693,15321,15322],{"href":15244},"How to copy a list in Python",[2245,15324,15325],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":15327},[15328,15329,15331,15332,15333,15334,15336,15342,15343,15344,15353],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":13352,"depth":111,"text":15330},"What the copy() method does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":13790,"depth":111,"text":13791},{"id":14151,"depth":111,"text":15335},"When to use copy()",{"id":14400,"depth":111,"text":15337,"children":15338},"copy() vs assignment",[15339,15340],{"id":14416,"depth":132,"text":14417},{"id":14624,"depth":132,"text":15341},"Using copy()",{"id":14855,"depth":111,"text":14856},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":15345},[15346,15348,15350,15352],{"id":15250,"depth":132,"text":15347},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15259,"depth":132,"text":15349},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15269,"depth":132,"text":15351},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15284,"depth":132,"text":15285},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13186,"description":15354},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15361,"title":15362,"body":15363,"description":17562,"extension":2285,"meta":17563,"navigation":2287,"path":13383,"seo":17564,"stem":17565,"__hash__":17566},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15364,"toc":17524},[15365,15368,15374,15383,15385,15461,15465,15514,15517,15521,15535,15538,15542,15555,15558,15591,15605,15608,15620,15624,15627,15635,15715,15719,15772,15776,15794,15796,15878,15881,15883,15886,15889,15912,15936,15940,15948,15951,15955,15964,15969,16027,16031,16064,16070,16076,16079,16134,16138,16188,16191,16197,16200,16208,16210,16255,16260,16269,16272,16275,16322,16324,16329,16332,16426,16430,16483,16486,16542,16545,16549,16552,16566,16570,16636,16640,16665,16668,16672,16750,16754,16757,16760,16780,16783,16836,16840,16843,16846,16859,16861,16950,16957,16960,16971,16973,16976,16996,17000,17003,17012,17015,17054,17058,17060,17069,17078,17080,17118,17122,17169,17173,17194,17198,17201,17313,17318,17416,17438,17440,17444,17451,17455,17461,17465,17468,17472,17475,17482,17490,17492,17518,17521],[10,15366,15362],{"id":15367},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,15369,15370,15371,15373],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[177,15372,9482],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,15375,15376,15377,1327,15379,122],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[693,15378,9506],{"href":9505},[693,15380,15382],{"href":15381},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[28,15384,31],{"id":30},[33,15386,15388],{"className":35,"code":15387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,15389,15390,15398,15416,15430,15443,15447,15451],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15391,15392,15394,15396],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15393,13220],{"class":114},[42,15395,88],{"class":87},[42,15397,11847],{"class":56},[42,15399,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15401,11852],{"class":60},[42,15403,8016],{"class":64},[42,15405,61],{"class":60},[42,15407,1935],{"class":56},[42,15409,73],{"class":60},[42,15411,13237],{"class":64},[42,15413,61],{"class":60},[42,15415,11868],{"class":56},[42,15417,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,15419,11852],{"class":60},[42,15421,9649],{"class":64},[42,15423,61],{"class":60},[42,15425,1935],{"class":56},[42,15427,8139],{"class":2348},[42,15429,11868],{"class":56},[42,15431,15432,15434,15437,15439,15441],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,15433,11852],{"class":60},[42,15435,15436],{"class":64},"is_active",[42,15438,61],{"class":60},[42,15440,1935],{"class":56},[42,15442,6769],{"class":4190},[42,15444,15445],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,15446,9659],{"class":56},[42,15448,15449],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,15450,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,15452,15453,15455,15457,15459],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,15454,284],{"class":52},[42,15456,57],{"class":56},[42,15458,13983],{"class":125},[42,15460,143],{"class":56},[14,15462,15463],{},[177,15464,2395],{},[33,15466,15468],{"className":35,"code":15467,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[17,15469,15470],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15471,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15473,9628],{"class":56},[42,15475,868],{"class":60},[42,15477,8016],{"class":64},[42,15479,868],{"class":60},[42,15481,1935],{"class":56},[42,15483,862],{"class":60},[42,15485,13237],{"class":64},[42,15487,868],{"class":60},[42,15489,70],{"class":56},[42,15491,862],{"class":60},[42,15493,9649],{"class":64},[42,15495,868],{"class":60},[42,15497,1935],{"class":56},[42,15499,8139],{"class":2348},[42,15501,70],{"class":56},[42,15503,862],{"class":60},[42,15505,15436],{"class":64},[42,15507,868],{"class":60},[42,15509,1935],{"class":56},[42,15511,4254],{"class":4190},[42,15513,9659],{"class":56},[14,15515,15516],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[28,15518,15520],{"id":15519},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[167,15522,15523,15526,15529,15532],{},[170,15524,15525],{},"What a dictionary is",[170,15527,15528],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[170,15530,15531],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[170,15533,15534],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[28,15536,15525],{"id":15537},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,15539,9479,15540,122],{},[177,15541,9482],{},[167,15543,15544,15550],{},[170,15545,15546,15547,15549],{},"A ",[177,15548,15198],{}," is the label",[170,15551,15546,15552,15554],{},[177,15553,2803],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,15556,15557],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[33,15559,15561],{"className":35,"code":15560,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[17,15562,15563,15571,15587],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15564,15565,15567,15569],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15566,13220],{"class":114},[42,15568,88],{"class":87},[42,15570,11847],{"class":56},[42,15572,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15574,11852],{"class":60},[42,15576,8016],{"class":64},[42,15578,61],{"class":60},[42,15580,1935],{"class":56},[42,15582,73],{"class":60},[42,15584,13237],{"class":64},[42,15586,3689],{"class":60},[42,15588,15589],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,15590,9659],{"class":56},[167,15592,15593,15599],{},[170,15594,15595,15598],{},[17,15596,15597],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[170,15600,15601,15604],{},[17,15602,15603],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,15606,15607],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[167,15609,15610,15612,15614,15617],{},[170,15611,8016],{},[170,15613,9649],{},[170,15615,15616],{},"email",[170,15618,15619],{},"country",[28,15621,15623],{"id":15622},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,15625,15626],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,15628,146,15629,15631,15632,122],{},[17,15630,4129],{}," and write each item as ",[17,15633,15634],{},"key: value",[33,15636,15638],{"className":35,"code":15637,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,15639,15640,15648,15666,15680,15697,15701,15705],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15641,15642,15644,15646],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15643,13220],{"class":114},[42,15645,88],{"class":87},[42,15647,11847],{"class":56},[42,15649,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15651,11852],{"class":60},[42,15653,8016],{"class":64},[42,15655,61],{"class":60},[42,15657,1935],{"class":56},[42,15659,73],{"class":60},[42,15661,13237],{"class":64},[42,15663,61],{"class":60},[42,15665,11868],{"class":56},[42,15667,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,15669,11852],{"class":60},[42,15671,9649],{"class":64},[42,15673,61],{"class":60},[42,15675,1935],{"class":56},[42,15677,8139],{"class":2348},[42,15679,11868],{"class":56},[42,15681,15682,15684,15687,15689,15691,15693,15695],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,15683,11852],{"class":60},[42,15685,15686],{"class":64},"course",[42,15688,61],{"class":60},[42,15690,1935],{"class":56},[42,15692,73],{"class":60},[42,15694,7644],{"class":64},[42,15696,3689],{"class":60},[42,15698,15699],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,15700,9659],{"class":56},[42,15702,15703],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,15704,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,15706,15707,15709,15711,15713],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,15708,284],{"class":52},[42,15710,57],{"class":56},[42,15712,13983],{"class":125},[42,15714,143],{"class":56},[14,15716,15717],{},[177,15718,2395],{},[33,15720,15722],{"className":35,"code":15721,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[17,15723,15724],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15725,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15727,9628],{"class":56},[42,15729,868],{"class":60},[42,15731,8016],{"class":64},[42,15733,868],{"class":60},[42,15735,1935],{"class":56},[42,15737,862],{"class":60},[42,15739,13237],{"class":64},[42,15741,868],{"class":60},[42,15743,70],{"class":56},[42,15745,862],{"class":60},[42,15747,9649],{"class":64},[42,15749,868],{"class":60},[42,15751,1935],{"class":56},[42,15753,8139],{"class":2348},[42,15755,70],{"class":56},[42,15757,862],{"class":60},[42,15759,15686],{"class":64},[42,15761,868],{"class":60},[42,15763,1935],{"class":56},[42,15765,862],{"class":60},[42,15767,7644],{"class":64},[42,15769,868],{"class":60},[42,15771,9659],{"class":56},[1073,15773,15775],{"id":15774},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[167,15777,15778,15783,15788,15791],{},[170,15779,146,15780,15782],{},[17,15781,4129],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[170,15784,15785,15786],{},"Write each item as ",[17,15787,15634],{},[170,15789,15790],{},"Separate items with commas",[170,15792,15793],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15795,219],{},[33,15797,15799],{"className":35,"code":15798,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[17,15800,15801,15810,15830,15846,15859,15863,15867],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15802,15803,15806,15808],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15804,15805],{"class":114},"book ",[42,15807,88],{"class":87},[42,15809,11847],{"class":56},[42,15811,15812,15814,15817,15819,15821,15823,15826,15828],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15813,11852],{"class":60},[42,15815,15816],{"class":64},"title",[42,15818,61],{"class":60},[42,15820,1935],{"class":56},[42,15822,73],{"class":60},[42,15824,15825],{"class":64},"Python Basics",[42,15827,61],{"class":60},[42,15829,11868],{"class":56},[42,15831,15832,15834,15837,15839,15841,15844],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,15833,11852],{"class":60},[42,15835,15836],{"class":64},"pages",[42,15838,61],{"class":60},[42,15840,1935],{"class":56},[42,15842,15843],{"class":2348}," 150",[42,15845,11868],{"class":56},[42,15847,15848,15850,15853,15855,15857],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,15849,11852],{"class":60},[42,15851,15852],{"class":64},"available",[42,15854,61],{"class":60},[42,15856,1935],{"class":56},[42,15858,6769],{"class":4190},[42,15860,15861],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,15862,9659],{"class":56},[42,15864,15865],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,15866,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,15868,15869,15871,15873,15876],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,15870,284],{"class":52},[42,15872,57],{"class":56},[42,15874,15875],{"class":125},"book",[42,15877,143],{"class":56},[14,15879,15880],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[28,15882,9753],{"id":9752},[14,15884,15885],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15887,15888],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[33,15890,15892],{"className":35,"code":15891,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[17,15893,15894,15902],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15895,15896,15898,15900],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15897,9516],{"class":114},[42,15899,88],{"class":87},[42,15901,10189],{"class":56},[42,15903,15904,15906,15908,15910],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15905,284],{"class":52},[42,15907,57],{"class":56},[42,15909,9554],{"class":125},[42,15911,143],{"class":56},[33,15913,15914],{"className":35,"code":9756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,15915,15916,15926],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15917,15918,15920,15922,15924],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15919,9516],{"class":114},[42,15921,88],{"class":87},[42,15923,9521],{"class":834},[42,15925,129],{"class":56},[42,15927,15928,15930,15932,15934],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15929,284],{"class":52},[42,15931,57],{"class":56},[42,15933,9554],{"class":125},[42,15935,143],{"class":56},[14,15937,15938],{},[177,15939,2395],{},[33,15941,15942],{"className":35,"code":9785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,15943,15944],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15945,15946],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15947,9785],{"class":56},[14,15949,15950],{},"Both are correct.",[1073,15952,15954],{"id":15953},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15956,15957,15959,15960,15963],{},[17,15958,4129],{}," creates an empty ",[177,15961,15962],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15965,15966,15967,122],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[17,15968,4134],{},[33,15970,15972],{"className":35,"code":15971,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[17,15973,15974,15982,15994,15998,16012],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,15975,15976,15978,15980],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,15977,12079],{"class":114},[42,15979,88],{"class":87},[42,15981,10189],{"class":56},[42,15983,15984,15987,15989,15992],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,15985,15986],{"class":114},"my_set ",[42,15988,88],{"class":87},[42,15990,15991],{"class":834}," set",[42,15993,129],{"class":56},[42,15995,15996],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,15997,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,15999,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,16001,284],{"class":52},[42,16003,57],{"class":56},[42,16005,835],{"class":834},[42,16007,57],{"class":56},[42,16009,11804],{"class":125},[42,16011,842],{"class":56},[42,16013,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16025],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,16015,284],{"class":52},[42,16017,57],{"class":56},[42,16019,835],{"class":834},[42,16021,57],{"class":56},[42,16023,16024],{"class":125},"my_set",[42,16026,842],{"class":56},[14,16028,16029],{},[177,16030,2395],{},[33,16032,16034],{"className":35,"code":16033,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,16035,16036,16050],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16037,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16048],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16039,855],{"class":87},[42,16041,859],{"class":858},[42,16043,862],{"class":60},[42,16045,9171],{"class":64},[42,16047,868],{"class":60},[42,16049,871],{"class":87},[42,16051,16052,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16053,855],{"class":87},[42,16055,859],{"class":858},[42,16057,862],{"class":60},[42,16059,6633],{"class":64},[42,16061,868],{"class":60},[42,16063,871],{"class":87},[28,16065,16067,16068],{"id":16066},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[17,16069,9470],{},[14,16071,16072,16073,16075],{},"You can also use ",[17,16074,9470],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,16077,16078],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[33,16080,16082],{"className":35,"code":16081,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[17,16083,16084,16124],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16085,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16113,16115,16118,16120,16122],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16087,13220],{"class":114},[42,16089,88],{"class":87},[42,16091,9521],{"class":834},[42,16093,57],{"class":56},[42,16095,8016],{"class":83},[42,16097,88],{"class":87},[42,16099,61],{"class":60},[42,16101,13237],{"class":64},[42,16103,61],{"class":60},[42,16105,70],{"class":56},[42,16107,9538],{"class":83},[42,16109,88],{"class":87},[42,16111,16112],{"class":2348},"20",[42,16114,70],{"class":56},[42,16116,16117],{"class":83}," active",[42,16119,88],{"class":87},[42,16121,3937],{"class":4190},[42,16123,143],{"class":56},[42,16125,16126,16128,16130,16132],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16127,284],{"class":52},[42,16129,57],{"class":56},[42,16131,13983],{"class":125},[42,16133,143],{"class":56},[14,16135,16136],{},[177,16137,2395],{},[33,16139,16141],{"className":35,"code":16140,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[17,16142,16143],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16144,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16180,16182,16184,16186],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16146,9628],{"class":56},[42,16148,868],{"class":60},[42,16150,8016],{"class":64},[42,16152,868],{"class":60},[42,16154,1935],{"class":56},[42,16156,862],{"class":60},[42,16158,13237],{"class":64},[42,16160,868],{"class":60},[42,16162,70],{"class":56},[42,16164,862],{"class":60},[42,16166,9649],{"class":64},[42,16168,868],{"class":60},[42,16170,1935],{"class":56},[42,16172,8139],{"class":2348},[42,16174,70],{"class":56},[42,16176,862],{"class":60},[42,16178,16179],{"class":64},"active",[42,16181,868],{"class":60},[42,16183,1935],{"class":56},[42,16185,4254],{"class":4190},[42,16187,9659],{"class":56},[14,16189,16190],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1073,16192,16194,16195],{"id":16193},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[17,16196,9470],{},[14,16198,16199],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[167,16201,16202,16205],{},[170,16203,16204],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[170,16206,16207],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,16209,7035],{},[33,16211,16213],{"className":35,"code":16212,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[17,16214,16215,16245],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16216,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16218,11842],{"class":114},[42,16220,88],{"class":87},[42,16222,9521],{"class":834},[42,16224,57],{"class":56},[42,16226,8016],{"class":83},[42,16228,88],{"class":87},[42,16230,61],{"class":60},[42,16232,8025],{"class":64},[42,16234,61],{"class":60},[42,16236,70],{"class":56},[42,16238,9538],{"class":83},[42,16240,88],{"class":87},[42,16242,9543],{"class":2348},[42,16244,143],{"class":56},[42,16246,16247,16249,16251,16253],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16248,284],{"class":52},[42,16250,57],{"class":56},[42,16252,11936],{"class":125},[42,16254,143],{"class":56},[14,16256,4969,16257,16259],{},[177,16258,179],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[33,16261,16263],{"className":35,"code":16262,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[17,16264,16265],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16266,16267],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16268,16262],{"class":525},[14,16270,16271],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,16273,16274],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[33,16276,16278],{"className":35,"code":16277,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[17,16279,16280,16288,16304,16308,16312],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16281,16282,16284,16286],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16283,11842],{"class":114},[42,16285,88],{"class":87},[42,16287,11847],{"class":56},[42,16289,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16291,11852],{"class":60},[42,16293,10847],{"class":64},[42,16295,61],{"class":60},[42,16297,1935],{"class":56},[42,16299,73],{"class":60},[42,16301,8025],{"class":64},[42,16303,3689],{"class":60},[42,16305,16306],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,16307,9659],{"class":56},[42,16309,16310],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,16311,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,16313,16314,16316,16318,16320],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,16315,284],{"class":52},[42,16317,57],{"class":56},[42,16319,11936],{"class":125},[42,16321,143],{"class":56},[28,16323,9795],{"id":9794},[14,16325,16326,16328],{},[17,16327,9470],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,16330,16331],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[33,16333,16335],{"className":35,"code":16334,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[17,16336,16337,16394,16398,16412,16416],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16338,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16390,16392],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16340,9565],{"class":114},[42,16342,88],{"class":87},[42,16344,9570],{"class":56},[42,16346,61],{"class":60},[42,16348,8016],{"class":64},[42,16350,61],{"class":60},[42,16352,70],{"class":56},[42,16354,73],{"class":60},[42,16356,13237],{"class":64},[42,16358,61],{"class":60},[42,16360,9583],{"class":56},[42,16362,9586],{"class":56},[42,16364,61],{"class":60},[42,16366,9649],{"class":64},[42,16368,61],{"class":60},[42,16370,70],{"class":56},[42,16372,8139],{"class":2348},[42,16374,9583],{"class":56},[42,16376,9586],{"class":56},[42,16378,61],{"class":60},[42,16380,10760],{"class":64},[42,16382,61],{"class":60},[42,16384,70],{"class":56},[42,16386,73],{"class":60},[42,16388,16389],{"class":64},"Lima",[42,16391,61],{"class":60},[42,16393,9599],{"class":56},[42,16395,16396],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16397,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,16399,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,16401,13220],{"class":114},[42,16403,88],{"class":87},[42,16405,9521],{"class":834},[42,16407,57],{"class":56},[42,16409,9612],{"class":125},[42,16411,143],{"class":56},[42,16413,16414],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,16415,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,16417,16418,16420,16422,16424],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,16419,284],{"class":52},[42,16421,57],{"class":56},[42,16423,13983],{"class":125},[42,16425,143],{"class":56},[14,16427,16428],{},[177,16429,2395],{},[33,16431,16433],{"className":35,"code":16432,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,16434,16435],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16436,16437,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16438,9628],{"class":56},[42,16440,868],{"class":60},[42,16442,8016],{"class":64},[42,16444,868],{"class":60},[42,16446,1935],{"class":56},[42,16448,862],{"class":60},[42,16450,13237],{"class":64},[42,16452,868],{"class":60},[42,16454,70],{"class":56},[42,16456,862],{"class":60},[42,16458,9649],{"class":64},[42,16460,868],{"class":60},[42,16462,1935],{"class":56},[42,16464,8139],{"class":2348},[42,16466,70],{"class":56},[42,16468,862],{"class":60},[42,16470,10760],{"class":64},[42,16472,868],{"class":60},[42,16474,1935],{"class":56},[42,16476,862],{"class":60},[42,16478,16389],{"class":64},[42,16480,868],{"class":60},[42,16482,9659],{"class":56},[14,16484,16485],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[33,16487,16489],{"className":35,"code":16488,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[17,16490,16491,16532],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16492,16493,16495,16497,16499,16502,16504,16506,16508,16510,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16522,16524,16526,16528,16530],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16494,13220],{"class":114},[42,16496,88],{"class":87},[42,16498,9521],{"class":834},[42,16500,16501],{"class":56},"(((",[42,16503,61],{"class":60},[42,16505,8016],{"class":64},[42,16507,61],{"class":60},[42,16509,70],{"class":56},[42,16511,73],{"class":60},[42,16513,13237],{"class":64},[42,16515,61],{"class":60},[42,16517,9583],{"class":56},[42,16519,9586],{"class":56},[42,16521,61],{"class":60},[42,16523,9649],{"class":64},[42,16525,61],{"class":60},[42,16527,70],{"class":56},[42,16529,8139],{"class":2348},[42,16531,3243],{"class":56},[42,16533,16534,16536,16538,16540],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16535,284],{"class":52},[42,16537,57],{"class":56},[42,16539,13983],{"class":125},[42,16541,143],{"class":56},[14,16543,16544],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[28,16546,16548],{"id":16547},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,16550,16551],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[167,16553,16554,16557,16560,16563],{},[170,16555,16556],{},"Keys must be unique",[170,16558,16559],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[170,16561,16562],{},"Values can repeat",[170,16564,16565],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1073,16567,16569],{"id":16568},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[33,16571,16573],{"className":35,"code":16572,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,16574,16575,16583,16601,16618,16622,16626],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16576,16577,16579,16581],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16578,9516],{"class":114},[42,16580,88],{"class":87},[42,16582,11847],{"class":56},[42,16584,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16586,11852],{"class":60},[42,16588,8016],{"class":64},[42,16590,61],{"class":60},[42,16592,1935],{"class":56},[42,16594,73],{"class":60},[42,16596,13237],{"class":64},[42,16598,61],{"class":60},[42,16600,11868],{"class":56},[42,16602,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16613,16616],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,16604,11852],{"class":60},[42,16606,8016],{"class":64},[42,16608,61],{"class":60},[42,16610,1935],{"class":56},[42,16612,73],{"class":60},[42,16614,16615],{"class":64},"Maria",[42,16617,3689],{"class":60},[42,16619,16620],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,16621,9659],{"class":56},[42,16623,16624],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,16625,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,16627,16628,16630,16632,16634],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,16629,284],{"class":52},[42,16631,57],{"class":56},[42,16633,9554],{"class":125},[42,16635,143],{"class":56},[14,16637,16638],{},[177,16639,2395],{},[33,16641,16643],{"className":35,"code":16642,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[17,16644,16645],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16646,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16648,9628],{"class":56},[42,16650,868],{"class":60},[42,16652,8016],{"class":64},[42,16654,868],{"class":60},[42,16656,1935],{"class":56},[42,16658,862],{"class":60},[42,16660,16615],{"class":64},[42,16662,868],{"class":60},[42,16664,9659],{"class":56},[14,16666,16667],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1073,16669,16671],{"id":16670},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[33,16673,16675],{"className":35,"code":16674,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[17,16676,16677,16685,16701,16717,16731,16735,16739],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16678,16679,16681,16683],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16680,5406],{"class":114},[42,16682,88],{"class":87},[42,16684,11847],{"class":56},[42,16686,16687,16690,16692,16694,16697,16699],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16688,16689],{"class":2348},"    1",[42,16691,1935],{"class":56},[42,16693,73],{"class":60},[42,16695,16696],{"class":64},"low",[42,16698,61],{"class":60},[42,16700,11868],{"class":56},[42,16702,16703,16706,16708,16710,16713,16715],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,16704,16705],{"class":2348},"    2",[42,16707,1935],{"class":56},[42,16709,73],{"class":60},[42,16711,16712],{"class":64},"medium",[42,16714,61],{"class":60},[42,16716,11868],{"class":56},[42,16718,16719,16722,16724,16726,16729],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,16720,16721],{"class":2348},"    3",[42,16723,1935],{"class":56},[42,16725,73],{"class":60},[42,16727,16728],{"class":64},"high",[42,16730,3689],{"class":60},[42,16732,16733],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,16734,9659],{"class":56},[42,16736,16737],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,16738,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,16740,16741,16743,16745,16748],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,16742,284],{"class":52},[42,16744,57],{"class":56},[42,16746,16747],{"class":125},"scores",[42,16749,143],{"class":56},[1073,16751,16753],{"id":16752},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,16755,16756],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,16758,16759],{},"This will cause an error:",[33,16761,16763],{"className":35,"code":16762,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[17,16764,16765,16770,16775],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16766,16767],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16768,16769],{"class":525},"# bad = {\n",[42,16771,16772],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16773,16774],{"class":525},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[42,16776,16777],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,16778,16779],{"class":525},"# }\n",[14,16781,16782],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[33,16784,16786],{"className":35,"code":16785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[17,16787,16788,16797,16817,16821,16825],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16789,16790,16793,16795],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16791,16792],{"class":114},"good ",[42,16794,88],{"class":87},[42,16796,11847],{"class":56},[42,16798,16799,16802,16804,16806,16808,16811,16813,16815],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16800,16801],{"class":56},"    (",[42,16803,3320],{"class":2348},[42,16805,70],{"class":56},[42,16807,3325],{"class":2348},[42,16809,16810],{"class":56},"):",[42,16812,73],{"class":60},[42,16814,3984],{"class":64},[42,16816,3689],{"class":60},[42,16818,16819],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,16820,9659],{"class":56},[42,16822,16823],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,16824,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,16826,16827,16829,16831,16834],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,16828,284],{"class":52},[42,16830,57],{"class":56},[42,16832,16833],{"class":125},"good",[42,16835,143],{"class":56},[28,16837,16839],{"id":16838},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16841,16842],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16844,16845],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[167,16847,16848,16851,16853,16856],{},[170,16849,16850],{},"user data",[170,16852,14242],{},[170,16854,16855],{},"counters",[170,16857,16858],{},"lookups",[14,16860,219],{},[33,16862,16864],{"className":35,"code":16863,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[17,16865,16866,16874,16893,16912,16924,16928,16932],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,16867,16868,16870,16872],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,16869,11842],{"class":114},[42,16871,88],{"class":87},[42,16873,11847],{"class":56},[42,16875,16876,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16889,16891],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,16877,11852],{"class":60},[42,16879,8335],{"class":64},[42,16881,61],{"class":60},[42,16883,1935],{"class":56},[42,16885,73],{"class":60},[42,16887,16888],{"class":64},"ana123",[42,16890,61],{"class":60},[42,16892,11868],{"class":56},[42,16894,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16908,16910],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,16896,11852],{"class":60},[42,16898,15616],{"class":64},[42,16900,61],{"class":60},[42,16902,1935],{"class":56},[42,16904,73],{"class":60},[42,16906,16907],{"class":64},"ana@example.com",[42,16909,61],{"class":60},[42,16911,11868],{"class":56},[42,16913,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,16915,11852],{"class":60},[42,16917,12870],{"class":64},[42,16919,61],{"class":60},[42,16921,1935],{"class":56},[42,16923,6769],{"class":4190},[42,16925,16926],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,16927,9659],{"class":56},[42,16929,16930],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,16931,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,16933,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,16935,284],{"class":52},[42,16937,57],{"class":56},[42,16939,11936],{"class":125},[42,16941,4238],{"class":56},[42,16943,61],{"class":60},[42,16945,15616],{"class":64},[42,16947,61],{"class":60},[42,16949,4226],{"class":56},[14,16951,16952,16953,122],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[693,16954,16956],{"href":16955},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16958,16959],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[167,16961,16962,16965,16968],{},[170,16963,16964],{},"labels are not needed",[170,16966,16967],{},"you mostly care about position",[170,16969,16970],{},"order matters more than named fields",[28,16972,1929],{"id":1928},[14,16974,16975],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[167,16977,16978,16981,16984,16987,16990],{},[170,16979,16980],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[170,16982,16983],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[170,16985,16986],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[170,16988,16989],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[170,16991,16992,16993,16995],{},"Mixing up ",[17,16994,4129],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1073,16997,16999],{"id":16998},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,17001,17002],{},"Wrong:",[33,17004,17006],{"className":35,"code":17005,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[17,17007,17008],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17009,17010],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17011,17005],{"class":525},[14,17013,17014],{},"Correct:",[33,17016,17018],{"className":35,"code":17017,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[17,17019,17020,17044],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17021,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17023,13220],{"class":114},[42,17025,88],{"class":87},[42,17027,10842],{"class":56},[42,17029,61],{"class":60},[42,17031,8016],{"class":64},[42,17033,61],{"class":60},[42,17035,1935],{"class":56},[42,17037,73],{"class":60},[42,17039,13237],{"class":64},[42,17041,61],{"class":60},[42,17043,9659],{"class":56},[42,17045,17046,17048,17050,17052],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17047,284],{"class":52},[42,17049,57],{"class":56},[42,17051,13983],{"class":125},[42,17053,143],{"class":56},[1073,17055,17057],{"id":17056},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,17059,17002],{},[33,17061,17063],{"className":35,"code":17062,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[17,17064,17065],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17066,17067],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17068,17062],{"class":525},[14,17070,17071,17072,17074,17075,17077],{},"This only works if ",[17,17073,8016],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[17,17076,15597],{},", use quotes.",[14,17079,17014],{},[33,17081,17082],{"className":35,"code":17017,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,17083,17084,17108],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17085,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17087,13220],{"class":114},[42,17089,88],{"class":87},[42,17091,10842],{"class":56},[42,17093,61],{"class":60},[42,17095,8016],{"class":64},[42,17097,61],{"class":60},[42,17099,1935],{"class":56},[42,17101,73],{"class":60},[42,17103,13237],{"class":64},[42,17105,61],{"class":60},[42,17107,9659],{"class":56},[42,17109,17110,17112,17114,17116],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17111,284],{"class":52},[42,17113,57],{"class":56},[42,17115,13983],{"class":125},[42,17117,143],{"class":56},[1073,17119,17121],{"id":17120},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[33,17123,17125],{"className":35,"code":17124,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[17,17126,17127,17159],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17128,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17130,9516],{"class":114},[42,17132,88],{"class":87},[42,17134,10842],{"class":56},[42,17136,61],{"class":60},[42,17138,9649],{"class":64},[42,17140,61],{"class":60},[42,17142,1935],{"class":56},[42,17144,8139],{"class":2348},[42,17146,70],{"class":56},[42,17148,73],{"class":60},[42,17150,9649],{"class":64},[42,17152,61],{"class":60},[42,17154,1935],{"class":56},[42,17156,8144],{"class":2348},[42,17158,9659],{"class":56},[42,17160,17161,17163,17165,17167],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17162,284],{"class":52},[42,17164,57],{"class":56},[42,17166,9554],{"class":125},[42,17168,143],{"class":56},[14,17170,17171],{},[177,17172,2395],{},[33,17174,17176],{"className":35,"code":17175,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'age': 30}\n",[17,17177,17178],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17179,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17181,9628],{"class":56},[42,17183,868],{"class":60},[42,17185,9649],{"class":64},[42,17187,868],{"class":60},[42,17189,1935],{"class":56},[42,17191,8144],{"class":2348},[42,17193,9659],{"class":56},[28,17195,17197],{"id":17196},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,17199,17200],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[33,17202,17204],{"className":35,"code":17203,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[17,17205,17206,17242,17246,17256,17270,17285,17299],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17207,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17209,12079],{"class":114},[42,17211,88],{"class":87},[42,17213,10842],{"class":56},[42,17215,61],{"class":60},[42,17217,8016],{"class":64},[42,17219,61],{"class":60},[42,17221,1935],{"class":56},[42,17223,73],{"class":60},[42,17225,13237],{"class":64},[42,17227,61],{"class":60},[42,17229,70],{"class":56},[42,17231,73],{"class":60},[42,17233,9649],{"class":64},[42,17235,61],{"class":60},[42,17237,1935],{"class":56},[42,17239,8139],{"class":2348},[42,17241,9659],{"class":56},[42,17243,17244],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17245,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,17247,17248,17250,17252,17254],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,17249,284],{"class":52},[42,17251,57],{"class":56},[42,17253,11804],{"class":125},[42,17255,143],{"class":56},[42,17257,17258,17260,17262,17264,17266,17268],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,17259,284],{"class":52},[42,17261,57],{"class":56},[42,17263,835],{"class":834},[42,17265,57],{"class":56},[42,17267,11804],{"class":125},[42,17269,842],{"class":56},[42,17271,17272,17274,17276,17278,17280,17283],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,17273,284],{"class":52},[42,17275,57],{"class":56},[42,17277,11804],{"class":125},[42,17279,122],{"class":56},[42,17281,17282],{"class":125},"keys",[42,17284,584],{"class":56},[42,17286,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,17288,284],{"class":52},[42,17290,57],{"class":56},[42,17292,11804],{"class":125},[42,17294,122],{"class":56},[42,17296,5702],{"class":125},[42,17298,584],{"class":56},[42,17300,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,17302,284],{"class":52},[42,17304,57],{"class":56},[42,17306,11515],{"class":52},[42,17308,57],{"class":56},[42,17310,11804],{"class":125},[42,17312,842],{"class":56},[14,17314,17315],{},[177,17316,17317],{},"Example output:",[33,17319,17321],{"className":35,"code":17320,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[17,17322,17323,17355,17369,17392,17411],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17324,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17326,9628],{"class":56},[42,17328,868],{"class":60},[42,17330,8016],{"class":64},[42,17332,868],{"class":60},[42,17334,1935],{"class":56},[42,17336,862],{"class":60},[42,17338,13237],{"class":64},[42,17340,868],{"class":60},[42,17342,70],{"class":56},[42,17344,862],{"class":60},[42,17346,9649],{"class":64},[42,17348,868],{"class":60},[42,17350,1935],{"class":56},[42,17352,8139],{"class":2348},[42,17354,9659],{"class":56},[42,17356,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17358,855],{"class":87},[42,17360,859],{"class":858},[42,17362,862],{"class":60},[42,17364,9171],{"class":64},[42,17366,868],{"class":60},[42,17368,871],{"class":87},[42,17370,17371,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,17372,17373],{"class":125},"dict_keys",[42,17375,3317],{"class":56},[42,17377,868],{"class":60},[42,17379,8016],{"class":64},[42,17381,868],{"class":60},[42,17383,70],{"class":56},[42,17385,862],{"class":60},[42,17387,9649],{"class":64},[42,17389,868],{"class":60},[42,17391,4226],{"class":56},[42,17393,17394,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,17395,17396],{"class":125},"dict_values",[42,17398,3317],{"class":56},[42,17400,868],{"class":60},[42,17402,13237],{"class":64},[42,17404,868],{"class":60},[42,17406,70],{"class":56},[42,17408,8139],{"class":2348},[42,17410,4226],{"class":56},[42,17412,17413],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,17414,17415],{"class":2348},"2\n",[14,17417,17418,17419,2514,17425,17431,17432,122],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[693,17420,11089,17422],{"href":17421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[17,17423,17424],{},"keys()",[693,17426,11089,17428],{"href":17427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[17,17429,17430],{},"values()",", and ",[693,17433,11089,17435],{"href":17434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[17,17436,17437],{},"items()",[28,17439,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,17441,17443],{"id":17442},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,17445,146,17446,1327,17448,17450],{},[17,17447,4129],{},[17,17449,9470],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1073,17452,17454],{"id":17453},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,17456,17457,17458,122],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[17,17459,17460],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1073,17462,17464],{"id":17463},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,17466,17467],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1073,17469,17471],{"id":17470},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,17473,17474],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1073,17476,2171,17478,1753,17480,2823],{"id":17477},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[17,17479,4129],{},[17,17481,9470],{},[14,17483,17484,17486,17487,17489],{},[17,17485,4129],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[17,17488,9470],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[28,17491,2205],{"id":2204},[167,17493,17494,17498,17504,17508,17514],{},[170,17495,17496],{},[693,17497,9506],{"href":9505},[170,17499,17500],{},[693,17501,11089,17502,11093],{"href":11088},[17,17503,11092],{},[170,17505,17506],{},[693,17507,11605],{"href":11083},[170,17509,17510],{},[693,17511,17513],{"href":17512},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[170,17515,17516],{},[693,17517,11616],{"href":11427},[14,17519,17520],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2245,17522,17523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":17525},[17526,17527,17528,17529,17532,17535,17540,17541,17546,17547,17552,17553,17561],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":15519,"depth":111,"text":15520},{"id":15537,"depth":111,"text":15525},{"id":15622,"depth":111,"text":15623,"children":17530},[17531],{"id":15774,"depth":132,"text":15775},{"id":9752,"depth":111,"text":9753,"children":17533},[17534],{"id":15953,"depth":132,"text":15954},{"id":16066,"depth":111,"text":17536,"children":17537},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17538],{"id":16193,"depth":132,"text":17539},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9794,"depth":111,"text":9795},{"id":16547,"depth":111,"text":16548,"children":17542},[17543,17544,17545],{"id":16568,"depth":132,"text":16569},{"id":16670,"depth":132,"text":16671},{"id":16752,"depth":132,"text":16753},{"id":16838,"depth":111,"text":16839},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":17548},[17549,17550,17551],{"id":16998,"depth":132,"text":16999},{"id":17056,"depth":132,"text":17057},{"id":17120,"depth":132,"text":17121},{"id":17196,"depth":111,"text":17197},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":17554},[17555,17556,17557,17558,17559],{"id":17442,"depth":132,"text":17443},{"id":17453,"depth":132,"text":17454},{"id":17463,"depth":132,"text":17464},{"id":17470,"depth":132,"text":17471},{"id":17477,"depth":132,"text":17560},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15362,"description":17562},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17568,"title":17569,"body":17570,"description":20019,"extension":2285,"meta":20020,"navigation":2287,"path":20021,"seo":20022,"stem":20023,"__hash__":20024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17571,"toc":19975},[17572,17578,17584,17587,17590,17592,17674,17680,17685,17689,17707,17719,17724,17728,17751,17755,17767,17775,17779,17784,17786,17789,17864,17866,17911,17913,17930,17935,17941,17946,18020,18022,18067,18070,18081,18083,18202,18204,18257,18264,18268,18271,18288,18294,18298,18396,18398,18450,18456,18460,18466,18469,18472,18499,18504,18508,18511,18615,18617,18662,18665,18668,18673,18678,18689,18691,18752,18812,18818,18826,18832,18837,18842,18902,18906,18973,18976,18980,19051,19054,19067,19074,19076,19080,19084,19155,19157,19194,19197,19200,19263,19270,19273,19315,19325,19328,19397,19403,19408,19492,19494,19543,19550,19556,19601,19603,19636,19641,19645,19651,19690,19734,19802,19845,19847,19853,19856,19860,19865,19869,19872,19876,19878,19939,19941,19967,19972],[10,17573,11672,17575,11676],{"id":17574},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[17,17576,17577],{},"fromkeys()",[14,17579,17580,17583],{},[17,17581,17582],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,17585,17586],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,17588,17589],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[28,17591,31],{"id":30},[33,17593,17595],{"className":35,"code":17594,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[17,17596,17597,17630,17658,17669],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17598,17599,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17600,17601],{"class":114},"keys ",[42,17603,88],{"class":87},[42,17605,3957],{"class":56},[42,17607,61],{"class":60},[42,17609,8016],{"class":64},[42,17611,61],{"class":60},[42,17613,70],{"class":56},[42,17615,73],{"class":60},[42,17617,9649],{"class":64},[42,17619,61],{"class":60},[42,17621,70],{"class":56},[42,17623,73],{"class":60},[42,17625,10760],{"class":64},[42,17627,61],{"class":60},[42,17629,3970],{"class":56},[42,17631,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17654,17656],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17633,13562],{"class":114},[42,17635,88],{"class":87},[42,17637,9521],{"class":834},[42,17639,122],{"class":56},[42,17641,17642],{"class":125},"fromkeys",[42,17644,57],{"class":56},[42,17646,17282],{"class":125},[42,17648,70],{"class":56},[42,17650,73],{"class":60},[42,17652,17653],{"class":64},"unknown",[42,17655,61],{"class":60},[42,17657,143],{"class":56},[42,17659,17660,17662,17664,17667],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,17661,284],{"class":52},[42,17663,57],{"class":56},[42,17665,17666],{"class":125},"person",[42,17668,143],{"class":56},[42,17670,17671],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,17672,17673],{"class":525},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,17675,146,17676,17679],{},[17,17677,17678],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[28,17681,4013,17683,4016],{"id":17682},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[17,17684,17582],{},[14,17686,17687,1935],{},[17,17688,17582],{},[167,17690,17691,17694,17697,17700],{},[170,17692,17693],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[170,17695,17696],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[170,17698,17699],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[170,17701,17702,17703,17706],{},"Is called as ",[17,17704,17705],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,17708,17709,17710,17712,17713,17715,17716,122],{},"This is a class method on ",[17,17711,9171],{},", so you write ",[17,17714,17705],{}," instead of something like ",[17,17717,17718],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,17720,17721,17722,122],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[693,17723,9506],{"href":13380},[28,17725,17727],{"id":17726},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[33,17729,17731],{"className":35,"code":17730,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[17,17732,17733],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17734,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17736,9171],{"class":834},[42,17738,122],{"class":56},[42,17740,17642],{"class":125},[42,17742,57],{"class":56},[42,17744,4057],{"class":125},[42,17746,70],{"class":56},[42,17748,8783],{"class":125},[42,17750,143],{"class":56},[1073,17752,17754],{"id":17753},"parameters","Parameters",[167,17756,17757,17762],{},[170,17758,17759,17761],{},[17,17760,4057],{},": the keys to use",[170,17763,17764,17766],{},[17,17765,2803],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17768,17769,17770,17772,17773,122],{},"If you leave out ",[17,17771,2803],{},", each key gets ",[17,17774,4115],{},[1073,17776,17778],{"id":17777},"return-value","Return value",[14,17780,183,17781,122],{},[177,17782,17783],{},"new dictionary",[28,17785,6132],{"id":6131},[14,17787,17788],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[33,17790,17792],{"className":35,"code":17791,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,17793,17794,17827,17849,17853],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17795,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17797,17601],{"class":114},[42,17799,88],{"class":87},[42,17801,3957],{"class":56},[42,17803,61],{"class":60},[42,17805,13450],{"class":64},[42,17807,61],{"class":60},[42,17809,70],{"class":56},[42,17811,73],{"class":60},[42,17813,17814],{"class":64},"green",[42,17816,61],{"class":60},[42,17818,70],{"class":56},[42,17820,73],{"class":60},[42,17822,13467],{"class":64},[42,17824,61],{"class":60},[42,17826,3970],{"class":56},[42,17828,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17830,13433],{"class":114},[42,17832,88],{"class":87},[42,17834,9521],{"class":834},[42,17836,122],{"class":56},[42,17838,17642],{"class":125},[42,17840,57],{"class":56},[42,17842,17282],{"class":125},[42,17844,70],{"class":56},[42,17846,4171],{"class":2348},[42,17848,143],{"class":56},[42,17850,17851],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,17852,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,17854,17855,17857,17859,17862],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,17856,284],{"class":52},[42,17858,57],{"class":56},[42,17860,17861],{"class":125},"colors",[42,17863,143],{"class":56},[14,17865,2395],{},[33,17867,17869],{"className":35,"code":17868,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[17,17870,17871],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17872,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17874,9628],{"class":56},[42,17876,868],{"class":60},[42,17878,13450],{"class":64},[42,17880,868],{"class":60},[42,17882,1935],{"class":56},[42,17884,4171],{"class":2348},[42,17886,70],{"class":56},[42,17888,862],{"class":60},[42,17890,17814],{"class":64},[42,17892,868],{"class":60},[42,17894,1935],{"class":56},[42,17896,4171],{"class":2348},[42,17898,70],{"class":56},[42,17900,862],{"class":60},[42,17902,13467],{"class":64},[42,17904,868],{"class":60},[42,17906,1935],{"class":56},[42,17908,4171],{"class":2348},[42,17910,9659],{"class":56},[14,17912,12038],{},[167,17914,17915,17920,17925],{},[170,17916,17917,17919],{},[17,17918,17282],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[170,17921,17922,17924],{},[17,17923,2445],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[170,17926,17927,17929],{},[17,17928,17582],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17931,17932,17933,122],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[693,17934,9742],{"href":13383},[28,17936,1940,17938,17940],{"id":17937},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[17,17939,17577],{}," without a value",[14,17942,17943,17944,122],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[17,17945,4115],{},[33,17947,17949],{"className":35,"code":17948,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[17,17950,17951,17985,18005,18009],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,17952,17953,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17981,17983],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,17954,17955],{"class":114},"fields ",[42,17957,88],{"class":87},[42,17959,3957],{"class":56},[42,17961,61],{"class":60},[42,17963,8335],{"class":64},[42,17965,61],{"class":60},[42,17967,70],{"class":56},[42,17969,73],{"class":60},[42,17971,15616],{"class":64},[42,17973,61],{"class":60},[42,17975,70],{"class":56},[42,17977,73],{"class":60},[42,17979,17980],{"class":64},"password",[42,17982,61],{"class":60},[42,17984,3970],{"class":56},[42,17986,17987,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18003],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,17988,17989],{"class":114},"user_data ",[42,17991,88],{"class":87},[42,17993,9521],{"class":834},[42,17995,122],{"class":56},[42,17997,17642],{"class":125},[42,17999,57],{"class":56},[42,18001,18002],{"class":125},"fields",[42,18004,143],{"class":56},[42,18006,18007],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,18008,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,18010,18011,18013,18015,18018],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,18012,284],{"class":52},[42,18014,57],{"class":56},[42,18016,18017],{"class":125},"user_data",[42,18019,143],{"class":56},[14,18021,2395],{},[33,18023,18025],{"className":35,"code":18024,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[17,18026,18027],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18028,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18030,9628],{"class":56},[42,18032,868],{"class":60},[42,18034,8335],{"class":64},[42,18036,868],{"class":60},[42,18038,1935],{"class":56},[42,18040,4191],{"class":4190},[42,18042,70],{"class":56},[42,18044,862],{"class":60},[42,18046,15616],{"class":64},[42,18048,868],{"class":60},[42,18050,1935],{"class":56},[42,18052,4191],{"class":4190},[42,18054,70],{"class":56},[42,18056,862],{"class":60},[42,18058,17980],{"class":64},[42,18060,868],{"class":60},[42,18062,1935],{"class":56},[42,18064,4191],{"class":4190},[42,18066,9659],{"class":56},[14,18068,18069],{},"This is useful when:",[167,18071,18072,18075,18078],{},[170,18073,18074],{},"You want to create the keys first",[170,18076,18077],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[170,18079,18080],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,18082,219],{},[33,18084,18086],{"className":35,"code":18085,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[17,18087,18088,18120,18138,18142,18165,18188,18192],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18089,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18091,17955],{"class":114},[42,18093,88],{"class":87},[42,18095,3957],{"class":56},[42,18097,61],{"class":60},[42,18099,8335],{"class":64},[42,18101,61],{"class":60},[42,18103,70],{"class":56},[42,18105,73],{"class":60},[42,18107,15616],{"class":64},[42,18109,61],{"class":60},[42,18111,70],{"class":56},[42,18113,73],{"class":60},[42,18115,17980],{"class":64},[42,18117,61],{"class":60},[42,18119,3970],{"class":56},[42,18121,18122,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,18123,17989],{"class":114},[42,18125,88],{"class":87},[42,18127,9521],{"class":834},[42,18129,122],{"class":56},[42,18131,17642],{"class":125},[42,18133,57],{"class":56},[42,18135,18002],{"class":125},[42,18137,143],{"class":56},[42,18139,18140],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,18141,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,18143,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18163],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,18145,18017],{"class":114},[42,18147,4238],{"class":56},[42,18149,61],{"class":60},[42,18151,8335],{"class":64},[42,18153,61],{"class":60},[42,18155,13631],{"class":56},[42,18157,232],{"class":87},[42,18159,73],{"class":60},[42,18161,18162],{"class":64},"alice",[42,18164,3689],{"class":60},[42,18166,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18186],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,18168,18017],{"class":114},[42,18170,4238],{"class":56},[42,18172,61],{"class":60},[42,18174,15616],{"class":64},[42,18176,61],{"class":60},[42,18178,13631],{"class":56},[42,18180,232],{"class":87},[42,18182,73],{"class":60},[42,18184,18185],{"class":64},"alice@example.com",[42,18187,3689],{"class":60},[42,18189,18190],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,18191,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,18193,18194,18196,18198,18200],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,18195,284],{"class":52},[42,18197,57],{"class":56},[42,18199,18017],{"class":125},[42,18201,143],{"class":56},[14,18203,2395],{},[33,18205,18207],{"className":35,"code":18206,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[17,18208,18209],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18210,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18212,9628],{"class":56},[42,18214,868],{"class":60},[42,18216,8335],{"class":64},[42,18218,868],{"class":60},[42,18220,1935],{"class":56},[42,18222,862],{"class":60},[42,18224,18162],{"class":64},[42,18226,868],{"class":60},[42,18228,70],{"class":56},[42,18230,862],{"class":60},[42,18232,15616],{"class":64},[42,18234,868],{"class":60},[42,18236,1935],{"class":56},[42,18238,862],{"class":60},[42,18240,18185],{"class":64},[42,18242,868],{"class":60},[42,18244,70],{"class":56},[42,18246,862],{"class":60},[42,18248,17980],{"class":64},[42,18250,868],{"class":60},[42,18252,1935],{"class":56},[42,18254,4191],{"class":4190},[42,18256,9659],{"class":56},[14,18258,18259,18260,122],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[693,18261,18263],{"href":18262},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[28,18265,18267],{"id":18266},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,18269,18270],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[167,18272,18273,18278,18283],{},[170,18274,18275,18277],{},[17,18276,4124],{}," (list)",[170,18279,18280,18282],{},[17,18281,4129],{}," (dictionary)",[170,18284,18285,18287],{},[17,18286,4134],{}," (set)",[14,18289,18290,18291,122],{},"All keys will point to the ",[177,18292,18293],{},"same object",[1073,18295,18297],{"id":18296},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[33,18299,18301],{"className":35,"code":18300,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,18302,18303,18335,18356,18360,18382,18386],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18304,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18306,17601],{"class":114},[42,18308,88],{"class":87},[42,18310,3957],{"class":56},[42,18312,61],{"class":60},[42,18314,693],{"class":64},[42,18316,61],{"class":60},[42,18318,70],{"class":56},[42,18320,73],{"class":60},[42,18322,5102],{"class":64},[42,18324,61],{"class":60},[42,18326,70],{"class":56},[42,18328,73],{"class":60},[42,18330,10090],{"class":64},[42,18332,61],{"class":60},[42,18334,3970],{"class":56},[42,18336,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,18338,9516],{"class":114},[42,18340,88],{"class":87},[42,18342,9521],{"class":834},[42,18344,122],{"class":56},[42,18346,17642],{"class":125},[42,18348,57],{"class":56},[42,18350,17282],{"class":125},[42,18352,70],{"class":56},[42,18354,18355],{"class":56}," [])\n",[42,18357,18358],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,18359,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,18361,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,18363,9554],{"class":114},[42,18365,4238],{"class":56},[42,18367,61],{"class":60},[42,18369,693],{"class":64},[42,18371,61],{"class":60},[42,18373,13907],{"class":56},[42,18375,13910],{"class":125},[42,18377,57],{"class":56},[42,18379,3320],{"class":2348},[42,18381,143],{"class":56},[42,18383,18384],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,18385,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,18387,18388,18390,18392,18394],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,18389,284],{"class":52},[42,18391,57],{"class":56},[42,18393,9554],{"class":125},[42,18395,143],{"class":56},[14,18397,2395],{},[33,18399,18401],{"className":35,"code":18400,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[17,18402,18403],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18404,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18406,9628],{"class":56},[42,18408,868],{"class":60},[42,18410,693],{"class":64},[42,18412,868],{"class":60},[42,18414,1935],{"class":56},[42,18416,3957],{"class":56},[42,18418,3320],{"class":2348},[42,18420,18421],{"class":56},"],",[42,18423,862],{"class":60},[42,18425,5102],{"class":64},[42,18427,868],{"class":60},[42,18429,1935],{"class":56},[42,18431,3957],{"class":56},[42,18433,3320],{"class":2348},[42,18435,18421],{"class":56},[42,18437,862],{"class":60},[42,18439,10090],{"class":64},[42,18441,868],{"class":60},[42,18443,1935],{"class":56},[42,18445,3957],{"class":56},[42,18447,3320],{"class":2348},[42,18449,14063],{"class":56},[14,18451,18452,18453,18455],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[17,18454,493],{}," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1073,18457,18459],{"id":18458},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,18461,18462,18465],{},[17,18463,18464],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,18467,18468],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,18470,18471],{},"So this:",[33,18473,18475],{"className":35,"code":18474,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[17,18476,18477],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18478,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18480,9554],{"class":114},[42,18482,4238],{"class":56},[42,18484,61],{"class":60},[42,18486,693],{"class":64},[42,18488,61],{"class":60},[42,18490,13907],{"class":56},[42,18492,13910],{"class":125},[42,18494,57],{"class":56},[42,18496,3320],{"class":2348},[42,18498,143],{"class":56},[14,18500,18501,18502,122],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[17,18503,493],{},[1073,18505,18507],{"id":18506},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,18509,18510],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[33,18512,18514],{"className":35,"code":18513,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,18515,18516,18548,18575,18579,18601,18605],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18517,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18519,17601],{"class":114},[42,18521,88],{"class":87},[42,18523,3957],{"class":56},[42,18525,61],{"class":60},[42,18527,693],{"class":64},[42,18529,61],{"class":60},[42,18531,70],{"class":56},[42,18533,73],{"class":60},[42,18535,5102],{"class":64},[42,18537,61],{"class":60},[42,18539,70],{"class":56},[42,18541,73],{"class":60},[42,18543,10090],{"class":64},[42,18545,61],{"class":60},[42,18547,3970],{"class":56},[42,18549,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18563,18565,18568,18570,18573],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,18551,9516],{"class":114},[42,18553,88],{"class":87},[42,18555,10842],{"class":56},[42,18557,15198],{"class":114},[42,18559,1935],{"class":56},[42,18561,18562],{"class":56}," []",[42,18564,4215],{"class":48},[42,18566,18567],{"class":114}," key ",[42,18569,1299],{"class":48},[42,18571,18572],{"class":114}," keys",[42,18574,9659],{"class":56},[42,18576,18577],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,18578,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,18580,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,18582,9554],{"class":114},[42,18584,4238],{"class":56},[42,18586,61],{"class":60},[42,18588,693],{"class":64},[42,18590,61],{"class":60},[42,18592,13907],{"class":56},[42,18594,13910],{"class":125},[42,18596,57],{"class":56},[42,18598,3320],{"class":2348},[42,18600,143],{"class":56},[42,18602,18603],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,18604,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,18606,18607,18609,18611,18613],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,18608,284],{"class":52},[42,18610,57],{"class":56},[42,18612,9554],{"class":125},[42,18614,143],{"class":56},[14,18616,2395],{},[33,18618,18620],{"className":35,"code":18619,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[17,18621,18622],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18623,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18648,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18625,9628],{"class":56},[42,18627,868],{"class":60},[42,18629,693],{"class":64},[42,18631,868],{"class":60},[42,18633,1935],{"class":56},[42,18635,3957],{"class":56},[42,18637,3320],{"class":2348},[42,18639,18421],{"class":56},[42,18641,862],{"class":60},[42,18643,5102],{"class":64},[42,18645,868],{"class":60},[42,18647,1935],{"class":56},[42,18649,18650],{"class":56}," [],",[42,18652,862],{"class":60},[42,18654,10090],{"class":64},[42,18656,868],{"class":60},[42,18658,1935],{"class":56},[42,18660,18661],{"class":56}," []}\n",[14,18663,18664],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,18666,18667],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[28,18669,5303,18671],{"id":18670},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[17,18672,17577],{},[14,18674,18675,18677],{},[17,18676,17582],{}," is a good choice when:",[167,18679,18680,18683,18686],{},[170,18681,18682],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[170,18684,18685],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[170,18687,18688],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,18690,515],{},[33,18692,18694],{"className":35,"code":18693,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[17,18695,18696,18741],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18697,18698,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18733,18735,18737,18739],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18699,18700],{"class":114},"flags ",[42,18702,88],{"class":87},[42,18704,9521],{"class":834},[42,18706,122],{"class":56},[42,18708,17642],{"class":125},[42,18710,3317],{"class":56},[42,18712,61],{"class":60},[42,18714,18715],{"class":64},"is_admin",[42,18717,61],{"class":60},[42,18719,70],{"class":56},[42,18721,73],{"class":60},[42,18723,15436],{"class":64},[42,18725,61],{"class":60},[42,18727,70],{"class":56},[42,18729,73],{"class":60},[42,18731,18732],{"class":64},"is_verified",[42,18734,61],{"class":60},[42,18736,18421],{"class":56},[42,18738,4245],{"class":4190},[42,18740,143],{"class":56},[42,18742,18743,18745,18747,18750],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,18744,284],{"class":52},[42,18746,57],{"class":56},[42,18748,18749],{"class":125},"flags",[42,18751,143],{"class":56},[33,18753,18755],{"className":35,"code":18754,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,18756,18757,18802],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18758,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18776,18778,18780,18782,18785,18787,18789,18791,18794,18796,18798,18800],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18760,5406],{"class":114},[42,18762,88],{"class":87},[42,18764,9521],{"class":834},[42,18766,122],{"class":56},[42,18768,17642],{"class":125},[42,18770,3317],{"class":56},[42,18772,61],{"class":60},[42,18774,18775],{"class":64},"math",[42,18777,61],{"class":60},[42,18779,70],{"class":56},[42,18781,73],{"class":60},[42,18783,18784],{"class":64},"science",[42,18786,61],{"class":60},[42,18788,70],{"class":56},[42,18790,73],{"class":60},[42,18792,18793],{"class":64},"history",[42,18795,61],{"class":60},[42,18797,18421],{"class":56},[42,18799,4171],{"class":2348},[42,18801,143],{"class":56},[42,18803,18804,18806,18808,18810],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,18805,284],{"class":52},[42,18807,57],{"class":56},[42,18809,16747],{"class":125},[42,18811,143],{"class":56},[14,18813,18814,18815,18817],{},"It is ",[177,18816,179],{}," the best choice when:",[167,18819,18820,18823],{},[170,18821,18822],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[170,18824,18825],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[28,18827,18829,18831],{"id":18828},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[17,18830,17577],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18833,18834,18836],{},[17,18835,17577],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1073,18838,1940,18840],{"id":18839},"using-fromkeys",[17,18841,17577],{},[33,18843,18845],{"className":35,"code":18844,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[17,18846,18847,18892],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18848,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18866,18868,18870,18872,18875,18877,18879,18881,18884,18886,18888,18890],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18850,14183],{"class":114},[42,18852,88],{"class":87},[42,18854,9521],{"class":834},[42,18856,122],{"class":56},[42,18858,17642],{"class":125},[42,18860,3317],{"class":56},[42,18862,61],{"class":60},[42,18864,18865],{"class":64},"sound",[42,18867,61],{"class":60},[42,18869,70],{"class":56},[42,18871,73],{"class":60},[42,18873,18874],{"class":64},"music",[42,18876,61],{"class":60},[42,18878,70],{"class":56},[42,18880,73],{"class":60},[42,18882,18883],{"class":64},"notifications",[42,18885,61],{"class":60},[42,18887,18421],{"class":56},[42,18889,4254],{"class":4190},[42,18891,143],{"class":56},[42,18893,18894,18896,18898,18900],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,18895,284],{"class":52},[42,18897,57],{"class":56},[42,18899,14242],{"class":125},[42,18901,143],{"class":56},[1073,18903,18905],{"id":18904},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[33,18907,18909],{"className":35,"code":18908,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[17,18910,18911,18919,18933,18947,18959,18963],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18912,18913,18915,18917],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18914,14183],{"class":114},[42,18916,88],{"class":87},[42,18918,11847],{"class":56},[42,18920,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,18922,11852],{"class":60},[42,18924,18865],{"class":64},[42,18926,61],{"class":60},[42,18928,1935],{"class":56},[42,18930,4254],{"class":4190},[42,18932,11868],{"class":56},[42,18934,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,18936,11852],{"class":60},[42,18938,18874],{"class":64},[42,18940,61],{"class":60},[42,18942,1935],{"class":56},[42,18944,4245],{"class":4190},[42,18946,11868],{"class":56},[42,18948,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,18950,11852],{"class":60},[42,18952,18883],{"class":64},[42,18954,61],{"class":60},[42,18956,1935],{"class":56},[42,18958,6769],{"class":4190},[42,18960,18961],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,18962,9659],{"class":56},[42,18964,18965,18967,18969,18971],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,18966,284],{"class":52},[42,18968,57],{"class":56},[42,18970,14242],{"class":125},[42,18972,143],{"class":56},[14,18974,18975],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1073,18977,18979],{"id":18978},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[33,18981,18983],{"className":35,"code":18982,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[17,18984,18985,19017,19041],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,18986,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,18988,17601],{"class":114},[42,18990,88],{"class":87},[42,18992,3957],{"class":56},[42,18994,61],{"class":60},[42,18996,693],{"class":64},[42,18998,61],{"class":60},[42,19000,70],{"class":56},[42,19002,73],{"class":60},[42,19004,5102],{"class":64},[42,19006,61],{"class":60},[42,19008,70],{"class":56},[42,19010,73],{"class":60},[42,19012,10090],{"class":64},[42,19014,61],{"class":60},[42,19016,3970],{"class":56},[42,19018,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19020,9516],{"class":114},[42,19022,88],{"class":87},[42,19024,10842],{"class":56},[42,19026,15198],{"class":114},[42,19028,1935],{"class":56},[42,19030,18562],{"class":56},[42,19032,4215],{"class":48},[42,19034,18567],{"class":114},[42,19036,1299],{"class":48},[42,19038,18572],{"class":114},[42,19040,9659],{"class":56},[42,19042,19043,19045,19047,19049],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,19044,284],{"class":52},[42,19046,57],{"class":56},[42,19048,9554],{"class":125},[42,19050,143],{"class":56},[14,19052,19053],{},"Use:",[167,19055,19056,19061,19064],{},[170,19057,19058,19060],{},[17,19059,17577],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[170,19062,19063],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[170,19065,19066],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,19068,19069,19070,122],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[693,19071,11089,19072,11093],{"href":14390},[17,19073,15311],{},[28,19075,1929],{"id":1928},[14,19077,15090,19078,122],{},[17,19079,17582],{},[1073,19081,19083],{"id":19082},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[33,19085,19087],{"className":35,"code":19086,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[17,19088,19089,19122,19145],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19090,19091,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19092,19093],{"class":114},"d ",[42,19095,88],{"class":87},[42,19097,9521],{"class":834},[42,19099,122],{"class":56},[42,19101,17642],{"class":125},[42,19103,3317],{"class":56},[42,19105,61],{"class":60},[42,19107,693],{"class":64},[42,19109,61],{"class":60},[42,19111,70],{"class":56},[42,19113,73],{"class":60},[42,19115,5102],{"class":64},[42,19117,61],{"class":60},[42,19119,18421],{"class":56},[42,19121,18355],{"class":56},[42,19123,19124,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19125,19126],{"class":114},"d",[42,19128,4238],{"class":56},[42,19130,61],{"class":60},[42,19132,693],{"class":64},[42,19134,61],{"class":60},[42,19136,13907],{"class":56},[42,19138,13910],{"class":125},[42,19140,57],{"class":56},[42,19142,3320],{"class":2348},[42,19144,143],{"class":56},[42,19146,19147,19149,19151,19153],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,19148,284],{"class":52},[42,19150,57],{"class":56},[42,19152,19126],{"class":125},[42,19154,143],{"class":56},[14,19156,2395],{},[33,19158,19160],{"className":35,"code":19159,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[17,19161,19162],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19163,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19165,9628],{"class":56},[42,19167,868],{"class":60},[42,19169,693],{"class":64},[42,19171,868],{"class":60},[42,19173,1935],{"class":56},[42,19175,3957],{"class":56},[42,19177,3320],{"class":2348},[42,19179,18421],{"class":56},[42,19181,862],{"class":60},[42,19183,5102],{"class":64},[42,19185,868],{"class":60},[42,19187,1935],{"class":56},[42,19189,3957],{"class":56},[42,19191,3320],{"class":2348},[42,19193,14063],{"class":56},[14,19195,19196],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,19198,19199],{},"Use this instead:",[33,19201,19203],{"className":35,"code":19202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[17,19204,19205,19229,19253],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19206,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19208,17601],{"class":114},[42,19210,88],{"class":87},[42,19212,3957],{"class":56},[42,19214,61],{"class":60},[42,19216,693],{"class":64},[42,19218,61],{"class":60},[42,19220,70],{"class":56},[42,19222,73],{"class":60},[42,19224,5102],{"class":64},[42,19226,61],{"class":60},[42,19228,3970],{"class":56},[42,19230,19231,19233,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19232,19093],{"class":114},[42,19234,88],{"class":87},[42,19236,10842],{"class":56},[42,19238,15198],{"class":114},[42,19240,1935],{"class":56},[42,19242,18562],{"class":56},[42,19244,4215],{"class":48},[42,19246,18567],{"class":114},[42,19248,1299],{"class":48},[42,19250,18572],{"class":114},[42,19252,9659],{"class":56},[42,19254,19255,19257,19259,19261],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,19256,284],{"class":52},[42,19258,57],{"class":56},[42,19260,19126],{"class":125},[42,19262,143],{"class":56},[1073,19264,19266,19267,19269],{"id":19265},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[17,19268,17577],{}," on a list",[14,19271,19272],{},"Wrong idea:",[33,19274,19276],{"className":35,"code":19275,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[17,19277,19278,19310],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19279,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19281,17601],{"class":114},[42,19283,88],{"class":87},[42,19285,3957],{"class":56},[42,19287,61],{"class":60},[42,19289,693],{"class":64},[42,19291,61],{"class":60},[42,19293,70],{"class":56},[42,19295,73],{"class":60},[42,19297,5102],{"class":64},[42,19299,61],{"class":60},[42,19301,70],{"class":56},[42,19303,73],{"class":60},[42,19305,10090],{"class":64},[42,19307,61],{"class":60},[42,19309,3970],{"class":56},[42,19311,19312],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19313,19314],{"class":525},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,19316,19317,19319,19320,19322,19323,122],{},[17,19318,17577],{}," belongs to ",[17,19321,9171],{},", not ",[17,19324,8443],{},[14,19326,19327],{},"Correct usage:",[33,19329,19331],{"className":35,"code":19330,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[17,19332,19333,19365,19387],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19334,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19336,17601],{"class":114},[42,19338,88],{"class":87},[42,19340,3957],{"class":56},[42,19342,61],{"class":60},[42,19344,693],{"class":64},[42,19346,61],{"class":60},[42,19348,70],{"class":56},[42,19350,73],{"class":60},[42,19352,5102],{"class":64},[42,19354,61],{"class":60},[42,19356,70],{"class":56},[42,19358,73],{"class":60},[42,19360,10090],{"class":64},[42,19362,61],{"class":60},[42,19364,3970],{"class":56},[42,19366,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19368,19093],{"class":114},[42,19370,88],{"class":87},[42,19372,9521],{"class":834},[42,19374,122],{"class":56},[42,19376,17642],{"class":125},[42,19378,57],{"class":56},[42,19380,17282],{"class":125},[42,19382,70],{"class":56},[42,19384,4171],{"class":2348},[42,19386,143],{"class":56},[42,19388,19389,19391,19393,19395],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,19390,284],{"class":52},[42,19392,57],{"class":56},[42,19394,19126],{"class":125},[42,19396,143],{"class":56},[1073,19398,8803,19400,19402],{"id":19399},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[17,19401,17577],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,19404,19405,19407],{},[17,19406,17582],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[33,19409,19411],{"className":35,"code":19410,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[17,19412,19413,19433,19467,19471,19481],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19414,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19416,12441],{"class":114},[42,19418,88],{"class":87},[42,19420,10842],{"class":56},[42,19422,61],{"class":60},[42,19424,2498],{"class":64},[42,19426,61],{"class":60},[42,19428,1935],{"class":56},[42,19430,5842],{"class":2348},[42,19432,9659],{"class":56},[42,19434,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19436,13395],{"class":114},[42,19438,88],{"class":87},[42,19440,9521],{"class":834},[42,19442,122],{"class":56},[42,19444,17642],{"class":125},[42,19446,3317],{"class":56},[42,19448,61],{"class":60},[42,19450,693],{"class":64},[42,19452,61],{"class":60},[42,19454,70],{"class":56},[42,19456,73],{"class":60},[42,19458,5102],{"class":64},[42,19460,61],{"class":60},[42,19462,18421],{"class":56},[42,19464,4171],{"class":2348},[42,19466,143],{"class":56},[42,19468,19469],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,19470,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,19472,19473,19475,19477,19479],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,19474,284],{"class":52},[42,19476,57],{"class":56},[42,19478,12488],{"class":125},[42,19480,143],{"class":56},[42,19482,19483,19485,19487,19490],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,19484,284],{"class":52},[42,19486,57],{"class":56},[42,19488,19489],{"class":125},"new_dict",[42,19491,143],{"class":56},[14,19493,2395],{},[33,19495,19497],{"className":35,"code":19496,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[17,19498,19499,19515],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19500,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19502,9628],{"class":56},[42,19504,868],{"class":60},[42,19506,2498],{"class":64},[42,19508,868],{"class":60},[42,19510,1935],{"class":56},[42,19512,5842],{"class":2348},[42,19514,9659],{"class":56},[42,19516,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19518,9628],{"class":56},[42,19520,868],{"class":60},[42,19522,693],{"class":64},[42,19524,868],{"class":60},[42,19526,1935],{"class":56},[42,19528,4171],{"class":2348},[42,19530,70],{"class":56},[42,19532,862],{"class":60},[42,19534,5102],{"class":64},[42,19536,868],{"class":60},[42,19538,1935],{"class":56},[42,19540,4171],{"class":2348},[42,19542,9659],{"class":56},[14,19544,19545,19546,122],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[693,19547,11089,19548,11093],{"href":14390},[17,19549,15311],{},[1073,19551,19553,19554],{"id":19552},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[17,19555,4115],{},[33,19557,19559],{"className":35,"code":19558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[17,19560,19561,19591],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19562,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19564,19093],{"class":114},[42,19566,88],{"class":87},[42,19568,9521],{"class":834},[42,19570,122],{"class":56},[42,19572,17642],{"class":125},[42,19574,3317],{"class":56},[42,19576,61],{"class":60},[42,19578,2498],{"class":64},[42,19580,61],{"class":60},[42,19582,70],{"class":56},[42,19584,73],{"class":60},[42,19586,12100],{"class":64},[42,19588,61],{"class":60},[42,19590,4226],{"class":56},[42,19592,19593,19595,19597,19599],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19594,284],{"class":52},[42,19596,57],{"class":56},[42,19598,19126],{"class":125},[42,19600,143],{"class":56},[14,19602,2395],{},[33,19604,19606],{"className":35,"code":19605,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[17,19607,19608],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19609,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19611,9628],{"class":56},[42,19613,868],{"class":60},[42,19615,2498],{"class":64},[42,19617,868],{"class":60},[42,19619,1935],{"class":56},[42,19621,4191],{"class":4190},[42,19623,70],{"class":56},[42,19625,862],{"class":60},[42,19627,12100],{"class":64},[42,19629,868],{"class":60},[42,19631,1935],{"class":56},[42,19633,4191],{"class":4190},[42,19635,9659],{"class":56},[14,19637,19638,19639,122],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[17,19640,4115],{},[28,19642,19644],{"id":19643},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,19646,19647,19648,19650],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[17,19649,17577],{}," works.",[33,19652,19654],{"className":35,"code":19653,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[17,19655,19656],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19657,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19659,284],{"class":52},[42,19661,57],{"class":56},[42,19663,9171],{"class":834},[42,19665,122],{"class":56},[42,19667,17642],{"class":125},[42,19669,3317],{"class":56},[42,19671,61],{"class":60},[42,19673,693],{"class":64},[42,19675,61],{"class":60},[42,19677,70],{"class":56},[42,19679,73],{"class":60},[42,19681,5102],{"class":64},[42,19683,61],{"class":60},[42,19685,18421],{"class":56},[42,19687,4171],{"class":2348},[42,19689,842],{"class":56},[33,19691,19692],{"className":35,"code":19558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,19693,19694,19724],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19695,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19697,19093],{"class":114},[42,19699,88],{"class":87},[42,19701,9521],{"class":834},[42,19703,122],{"class":56},[42,19705,17642],{"class":125},[42,19707,3317],{"class":56},[42,19709,61],{"class":60},[42,19711,2498],{"class":64},[42,19713,61],{"class":60},[42,19715,70],{"class":56},[42,19717,73],{"class":60},[42,19719,12100],{"class":64},[42,19721,61],{"class":60},[42,19723,4226],{"class":56},[42,19725,19726,19728,19730,19732],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19727,284],{"class":52},[42,19729,57],{"class":56},[42,19731,19126],{"class":125},[42,19733,143],{"class":56},[33,19735,19736],{"className":35,"code":19086,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,19737,19738,19770,19792],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19739,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19741,19093],{"class":114},[42,19743,88],{"class":87},[42,19745,9521],{"class":834},[42,19747,122],{"class":56},[42,19749,17642],{"class":125},[42,19751,3317],{"class":56},[42,19753,61],{"class":60},[42,19755,693],{"class":64},[42,19757,61],{"class":60},[42,19759,70],{"class":56},[42,19761,73],{"class":60},[42,19763,5102],{"class":64},[42,19765,61],{"class":60},[42,19767,18421],{"class":56},[42,19769,18355],{"class":56},[42,19771,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19773,19126],{"class":114},[42,19775,4238],{"class":56},[42,19777,61],{"class":60},[42,19779,693],{"class":64},[42,19781,61],{"class":60},[42,19783,13907],{"class":56},[42,19785,13910],{"class":125},[42,19787,57],{"class":56},[42,19789,3320],{"class":2348},[42,19791,143],{"class":56},[42,19793,19794,19796,19798,19800],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,19795,284],{"class":52},[42,19797,57],{"class":56},[42,19799,19126],{"class":125},[42,19801,143],{"class":56},[33,19803,19805],{"className":35,"code":19804,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[17,19806,19807],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19808,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19810,284],{"class":52},[42,19812,57],{"class":56},[42,19814,835],{"class":834},[42,19816,57],{"class":56},[42,19818,9171],{"class":834},[42,19820,122],{"class":56},[42,19822,17642],{"class":125},[42,19824,3317],{"class":56},[42,19826,3320],{"class":2348},[42,19828,70],{"class":56},[42,19830,3325],{"class":2348},[42,19832,70],{"class":56},[42,19834,2781],{"class":2348},[42,19836,18421],{"class":56},[42,19838,73],{"class":60},[42,19840,2803],{"class":64},[42,19842,61],{"class":60},[42,19844,3243],{"class":56},[28,19846,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,19848,13060,19850,19852],{"id":19849},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[17,19851,17577],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19854,19855],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1073,19857,19859],{"id":19858},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19861,19862,19863,122],{},"Each key gets ",[17,19864,4115],{},[1073,19866,19868],{"id":19867},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19870,19871],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1073,19873,19875],{"id":19874},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19877,18510],{},[33,19879,19881],{"className":35,"code":19880,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[17,19882,19883,19915],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,19884,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,19886,17601],{"class":114},[42,19888,88],{"class":87},[42,19890,3957],{"class":56},[42,19892,61],{"class":60},[42,19894,693],{"class":64},[42,19896,61],{"class":60},[42,19898,70],{"class":56},[42,19900,73],{"class":60},[42,19902,5102],{"class":64},[42,19904,61],{"class":60},[42,19906,70],{"class":56},[42,19908,73],{"class":60},[42,19910,10090],{"class":64},[42,19912,61],{"class":60},[42,19914,3970],{"class":56},[42,19916,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,19918,9516],{"class":114},[42,19920,88],{"class":87},[42,19922,10842],{"class":56},[42,19924,15198],{"class":114},[42,19926,1935],{"class":56},[42,19928,18562],{"class":56},[42,19930,4215],{"class":48},[42,19932,18567],{"class":114},[42,19934,1299],{"class":48},[42,19936,18572],{"class":114},[42,19938,9659],{"class":56},[28,19940,2205],{"id":2204},[167,19942,19943,19947,19951,19955,19961],{},[170,19944,19945],{},[693,19946,11596],{"href":13383},[170,19948,19949],{},[693,19950,9506],{"href":13380},[170,19952,19953],{},[693,19954,11605],{"href":18262},[170,19956,19957],{},[693,19958,11089,19959,11093],{"href":14390},[17,19960,15311],{},[170,19962,19963],{},[693,19964,11089,19965,11093],{"href":15356},[17,19966,13133],{},[14,19968,146,19969,19971],{},[17,19970,17582],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2245,19973,19974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":19976},[19977,19978,19980,19984,19985,19987,19992,19994,20001,20010,20011,20018],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":17682,"depth":111,"text":19979},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17726,"depth":111,"text":17727,"children":19981},[19982,19983],{"id":17753,"depth":132,"text":17754},{"id":17777,"depth":132,"text":17778},{"id":6131,"depth":111,"text":6132},{"id":17937,"depth":111,"text":19986},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18266,"depth":111,"text":18267,"children":19988},[19989,19990,19991],{"id":18296,"depth":132,"text":18297},{"id":18458,"depth":132,"text":18459},{"id":18506,"depth":132,"text":18507},{"id":18670,"depth":111,"text":19993},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18828,"depth":111,"text":19995,"children":19996},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19997,19999,20000],{"id":18839,"depth":132,"text":19998},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18904,"depth":132,"text":18905},{"id":18978,"depth":132,"text":18979},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":20002},[20003,20004,20006,20008],{"id":19082,"depth":132,"text":19083},{"id":19265,"depth":132,"text":20005},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19399,"depth":132,"text":20007},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19552,"depth":132,"text":20009},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19643,"depth":111,"text":19644},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":20012},[20013,20015,20016,20017],{"id":19849,"depth":132,"text":20014},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19858,"depth":132,"text":19859},{"id":19867,"depth":132,"text":19868},{"id":19874,"depth":132,"text":19875},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17569,"description":20019},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":20026,"title":20027,"body":20028,"description":21856,"extension":2285,"meta":21857,"navigation":2287,"path":21858,"seo":21859,"stem":21860,"__hash__":21861},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":20029,"toc":21823},[20030,20035,20041,20052,20182,20189,20194,20198,20214,20216,20314,20316,20333,20337,20339,20344,20382,20385,20403,20405,20523,20528,20532,20548,20551,20687,20690,20695,20701,20704,20741,20744,20748,20753,20829,20833,20838,20920,20922,20938,20943,20947,20953,21022,21025,21042,21045,21127,21133,21136,21156,21160,21165,21171,21177,21248,21251,21257,21260,21333,21340,21346,21354,21364,21366,21461,21467,21472,21559,21565,21567,21572,21594,21597,21692,21695,21726,21739,21741,21749,21755,21761,21764,21770,21775,21782,21787,21789,21820],[10,20031,11672,20033,11676],{"id":20032},"python-dictionary-get-method",[17,20034,11092],{},[14,20036,20037,20038,20040],{},"The dictionary ",[17,20039,11092],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,20042,20043,20044,2514,20047,2726,20049,20051],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[17,20045,20046],{},"KeyError",[17,20048,11092],{},[17,20050,4115],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[33,20053,20055],{"className":35,"code":20054,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[17,20056,20057,20093,20097,20123,20148],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20058,20059,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20060,13562],{"class":114},[42,20062,88],{"class":87},[42,20064,10842],{"class":56},[42,20066,61],{"class":60},[42,20068,8016],{"class":64},[42,20070,61],{"class":60},[42,20072,1935],{"class":56},[42,20074,73],{"class":60},[42,20076,13237],{"class":64},[42,20078,61],{"class":60},[42,20080,70],{"class":56},[42,20082,73],{"class":60},[42,20084,9649],{"class":64},[42,20086,61],{"class":60},[42,20088,1935],{"class":56},[42,20090,9656],{"class":2348},[42,20092,9659],{"class":56},[42,20094,20095],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20096,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,20098,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,20100,284],{"class":52},[42,20102,57],{"class":56},[42,20104,17666],{"class":125},[42,20106,122],{"class":56},[42,20108,20109],{"class":125},"get",[42,20111,57],{"class":56},[42,20113,61],{"class":60},[42,20115,8016],{"class":64},[42,20117,61],{"class":60},[42,20119,5705],{"class":56},[42,20121,20122],{"class":525},"           # Ana\n",[42,20124,20125,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,20126,284],{"class":52},[42,20128,57],{"class":56},[42,20130,17666],{"class":125},[42,20132,122],{"class":56},[42,20134,20109],{"class":125},[42,20136,57],{"class":56},[42,20138,61],{"class":60},[42,20140,10760],{"class":64},[42,20142,61],{"class":60},[42,20144,5705],{"class":56},[42,20146,20147],{"class":525},"           # None\n",[42,20149,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20175,20177,20179],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,20151,284],{"class":52},[42,20153,57],{"class":56},[42,20155,17666],{"class":125},[42,20157,122],{"class":56},[42,20159,20109],{"class":125},[42,20161,57],{"class":56},[42,20163,61],{"class":60},[42,20165,10760],{"class":64},[42,20167,61],{"class":60},[42,20169,70],{"class":56},[42,20171,73],{"class":60},[42,20173,20174],{"class":64},"N\u002FA",[42,20176,61],{"class":60},[42,20178,5705],{"class":56},[42,20180,20181],{"class":525},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,20183,146,20184,20186,20187,122],{},[17,20185,11092],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[17,20188,20046],{},[28,20190,4013,20192,4016],{"id":20191},"what-get-does",[17,20193,11092],{},[14,20195,2303,20196,11767],{},[17,20197,11092],{},[167,20199,20200,20203,20208,20211],{},[170,20201,20202],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[170,20204,11778,20205,20207],{},[17,20206,4115],{}," if the key does not exist",[170,20209,20210],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[170,20212,20213],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,20215,219],{},[33,20217,20219],{"className":35,"code":20218,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[17,20220,20221,20260,20264,20289],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20222,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20242,20244,20246,20248,20251,20253,20255,20258],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20224,13220],{"class":114},[42,20226,88],{"class":87},[42,20228,10842],{"class":56},[42,20230,61],{"class":60},[42,20232,8016],{"class":64},[42,20234,61],{"class":60},[42,20236,1935],{"class":56},[42,20238,73],{"class":60},[42,20240,20241],{"class":64},"Lina",[42,20243,61],{"class":60},[42,20245,70],{"class":56},[42,20247,73],{"class":60},[42,20249,20250],{"class":64},"grade",[42,20252,61],{"class":60},[42,20254,1935],{"class":56},[42,20256,20257],{"class":2348}," 90",[42,20259,9659],{"class":56},[42,20261,20262],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20263,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,20265,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,20267,284],{"class":52},[42,20269,57],{"class":56},[42,20271,13983],{"class":125},[42,20273,122],{"class":56},[42,20275,20109],{"class":125},[42,20277,57],{"class":56},[42,20279,61],{"class":60},[42,20281,8016],{"class":64},[42,20283,61],{"class":60},[42,20285,5705],{"class":56},[42,20287,20288],{"class":525},"     # Lina\n",[42,20290,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,20292,284],{"class":52},[42,20294,57],{"class":56},[42,20296,13983],{"class":125},[42,20298,122],{"class":56},[42,20300,20109],{"class":125},[42,20302,57],{"class":56},[42,20304,61],{"class":60},[42,20306,15616],{"class":64},[42,20308,61],{"class":60},[42,20310,5705],{"class":56},[42,20312,20313],{"class":525},"    # None\n",[14,20315,449],{},[167,20317,20318,20323],{},[170,20319,20320,20322],{},[17,20321,15597],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[170,20324,20325,20328,20329,2726,20331],{},[17,20326,20327],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[17,20330,11092],{},[17,20332,4115],{},[14,20334,13377,20335,122],{},[693,20336,9506],{"href":9505},[28,20338,312],{"id":311},[14,20340,20341,20342,1935],{},"There are two common forms of ",[17,20343,11092],{},[33,20345,20347],{"className":35,"code":20346,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[17,20348,20349,20363],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20350,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20352,15962],{"class":114},[42,20354,122],{"class":56},[42,20356,20109],{"class":125},[42,20358,57],{"class":56},[42,20360,15198],{"class":125},[42,20362,143],{"class":56},[42,20364,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20380],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20366,15962],{"class":114},[42,20368,122],{"class":56},[42,20370,20109],{"class":125},[42,20372,57],{"class":56},[42,20374,15198],{"class":125},[42,20376,70],{"class":56},[42,20378,20379],{"class":125}," default_value",[42,20381,143],{"class":56},[14,20383,20384],{},"What each part means:",[167,20386,20387,20392,20398],{},[170,20388,20389,20391],{},[17,20390,15198],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[170,20393,20394,20397],{},[17,20395,20396],{},"default_value"," is optional",[170,20399,20400,20401],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[17,20402,4115],{},[14,20404,219],{},[33,20406,20408],{"className":35,"code":20407,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[17,20409,20410,20434,20438,20463,20489],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20411,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20413,14183],{"class":114},[42,20415,88],{"class":87},[42,20417,10842],{"class":56},[42,20419,61],{"class":60},[42,20421,12850],{"class":64},[42,20423,61],{"class":60},[42,20425,1935],{"class":56},[42,20427,73],{"class":60},[42,20429,12859],{"class":64},[42,20431,61],{"class":60},[42,20433,9659],{"class":56},[42,20435,20436],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20437,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,20439,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,20441,284],{"class":52},[42,20443,57],{"class":56},[42,20445,14242],{"class":125},[42,20447,122],{"class":56},[42,20449,20109],{"class":125},[42,20451,57],{"class":56},[42,20453,61],{"class":60},[42,20455,12850],{"class":64},[42,20457,61],{"class":60},[42,20459,5705],{"class":56},[42,20461,20462],{"class":525},"            # dark\n",[42,20464,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20482,20484,20486],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,20466,284],{"class":52},[42,20468,57],{"class":56},[42,20470,14242],{"class":125},[42,20472,122],{"class":56},[42,20474,20109],{"class":125},[42,20476,57],{"class":56},[42,20478,61],{"class":60},[42,20480,20481],{"class":64},"language",[42,20483,61],{"class":60},[42,20485,5705],{"class":56},[42,20487,20488],{"class":525},"         # None\n",[42,20490,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513,20516,20518,20520],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,20492,284],{"class":52},[42,20494,57],{"class":56},[42,20496,14242],{"class":125},[42,20498,122],{"class":56},[42,20500,20109],{"class":125},[42,20502,57],{"class":56},[42,20504,61],{"class":60},[42,20506,20481],{"class":64},[42,20508,61],{"class":60},[42,20510,70],{"class":56},[42,20512,73],{"class":60},[42,20514,20515],{"class":64},"en",[42,20517,61],{"class":60},[42,20519,5705],{"class":56},[42,20521,20522],{"class":525},"   # en\n",[28,20524,5303,20526],{"id":20525},"when-to-use-get",[17,20527,11092],{},[14,20529,146,20530,10953],{},[17,20531,11092],{},[167,20533,20534,20537,20542,20545],{},[170,20535,20536],{},"A key might not exist",[170,20538,20539,20540],{},"You want to avoid ",[17,20541,20046],{},[170,20543,20544],{},"You are reading optional data",[170,20546,20547],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,20549,20550],{},"Example with optional user data:",[33,20552,20554],{"className":35,"code":20553,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[17,20555,20556,20598,20602,20627,20653],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20557,20558,20560,20562,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20594,20596],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20559,11842],{"class":114},[42,20561,88],{"class":87},[42,20563,10842],{"class":56},[42,20565,61],{"class":60},[42,20567,8335],{"class":64},[42,20569,61],{"class":60},[42,20571,1935],{"class":56},[42,20573,73],{"class":60},[42,20575,20576],{"class":64},"sam",[42,20578,61],{"class":60},[42,20580,70],{"class":56},[42,20582,73],{"class":60},[42,20584,15616],{"class":64},[42,20586,61],{"class":60},[42,20588,1935],{"class":56},[42,20590,73],{"class":60},[42,20592,20593],{"class":64},"sam@example.com",[42,20595,61],{"class":60},[42,20597,9659],{"class":56},[42,20599,20600],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20601,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,20603,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,20605,284],{"class":52},[42,20607,57],{"class":56},[42,20609,11936],{"class":125},[42,20611,122],{"class":56},[42,20613,20109],{"class":125},[42,20615,57],{"class":56},[42,20617,61],{"class":60},[42,20619,8335],{"class":64},[42,20621,61],{"class":60},[42,20623,5705],{"class":56},[42,20625,20626],{"class":525},"              # sam\n",[42,20628,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20646,20648,20650],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,20630,284],{"class":52},[42,20632,57],{"class":56},[42,20634,11936],{"class":125},[42,20636,122],{"class":56},[42,20638,20109],{"class":125},[42,20640,57],{"class":56},[42,20642,61],{"class":60},[42,20644,20645],{"class":64},"phone",[42,20647,61],{"class":60},[42,20649,5705],{"class":56},[42,20651,20652],{"class":525},"                 # None\n",[42,20654,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20680,20682,20684],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,20656,284],{"class":52},[42,20658,57],{"class":56},[42,20660,11936],{"class":125},[42,20662,122],{"class":56},[42,20664,20109],{"class":125},[42,20666,57],{"class":56},[42,20668,61],{"class":60},[42,20670,20645],{"class":64},[42,20672,61],{"class":60},[42,20674,70],{"class":56},[42,20676,73],{"class":60},[42,20678,20679],{"class":64},"Not provided",[42,20681,61],{"class":60},[42,20683,5705],{"class":56},[42,20685,20686],{"class":525}," # Not provided\n",[14,20688,20689],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,20691,20692,20693,122],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[693,20694,16956],{"href":16955},[28,20696,20698,20700],{"id":20697},"get-vs-square-brackets",[17,20699,11092],{}," vs square brackets",[14,20702,20703],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[33,20705,20707],{"className":35,"code":20706,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[17,20708,20709,20723],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20710,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20712,9554],{"class":114},[42,20714,4238],{"class":56},[42,20716,61],{"class":60},[42,20718,15198],{"class":64},[42,20720,61],{"class":60},[42,20722,3970],{"class":56},[42,20724,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737,20739],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20726,9554],{"class":114},[42,20728,122],{"class":56},[42,20730,20109],{"class":125},[42,20732,57],{"class":56},[42,20734,61],{"class":60},[42,20736,15198],{"class":64},[42,20738,61],{"class":60},[42,20740,143],{"class":56},[14,20742,20743],{},"The difference is important.",[1073,20745,20747],{"id":20746},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,20749,20750,20751,122],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[17,20752,20046],{},[33,20754,20756],{"className":35,"code":20755,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[17,20757,20758,20782,20786,20808],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20759,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20761,9516],{"class":114},[42,20763,88],{"class":87},[42,20765,10842],{"class":56},[42,20767,61],{"class":60},[42,20769,8016],{"class":64},[42,20771,61],{"class":60},[42,20773,1935],{"class":56},[42,20775,73],{"class":60},[42,20777,13237],{"class":64},[42,20779,61],{"class":60},[42,20781,9659],{"class":56},[42,20783,20784],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20785,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,20787,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20805],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,20789,284],{"class":52},[42,20791,57],{"class":56},[42,20793,9554],{"class":125},[42,20795,4238],{"class":56},[42,20797,61],{"class":60},[42,20799,8016],{"class":64},[42,20801,61],{"class":60},[42,20803,20804],{"class":56},"])",[42,20806,20807],{"class":525},"   # Ana\n",[42,20809,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,20811,284],{"class":52},[42,20813,57],{"class":56},[42,20815,9554],{"class":125},[42,20817,4238],{"class":56},[42,20819,61],{"class":60},[42,20821,10760],{"class":64},[42,20823,61],{"class":60},[42,20825,20804],{"class":56},[42,20827,20828],{"class":525},"   # KeyError\n",[1073,20830,20831],{"id":20109},[17,20832,11092],{},[14,20834,20835,20837],{},[17,20836,11092],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[33,20839,20841],{"className":35,"code":20840,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[17,20842,20843,20867,20871,20895],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20844,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863,20865],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20846,9516],{"class":114},[42,20848,88],{"class":87},[42,20850,10842],{"class":56},[42,20852,61],{"class":60},[42,20854,8016],{"class":64},[42,20856,61],{"class":60},[42,20858,1935],{"class":56},[42,20860,73],{"class":60},[42,20862,13237],{"class":64},[42,20864,61],{"class":60},[42,20866,9659],{"class":56},[42,20868,20869],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20870,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,20872,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,20874,284],{"class":52},[42,20876,57],{"class":56},[42,20878,9554],{"class":125},[42,20880,122],{"class":56},[42,20882,20109],{"class":125},[42,20884,57],{"class":56},[42,20886,61],{"class":60},[42,20888,8016],{"class":64},[42,20890,61],{"class":60},[42,20892,5705],{"class":56},[42,20894,20807],{"class":525},[42,20896,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,20898,284],{"class":52},[42,20900,57],{"class":56},[42,20902,9554],{"class":125},[42,20904,122],{"class":56},[42,20906,20109],{"class":125},[42,20908,57],{"class":56},[42,20910,61],{"class":60},[42,20912,10760],{"class":64},[42,20914,61],{"class":60},[42,20916,5705],{"class":56},[42,20918,20919],{"class":525},"   # None\n",[14,20921,19053],{},[167,20923,20924,20930],{},[170,20925,20926,20927],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[177,20928,20929],{},"must exist",[170,20931,20932,20934,20935],{},[17,20933,11092],{}," when the key is ",[177,20936,20937],{},"optional",[14,20939,20940,20941,122],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[693,20942,11616],{"href":11427},[28,20944,20946],{"id":20945},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20948,20949,20950,20952],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[17,20951,11092],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[33,20954,20956],{"className":35,"code":20955,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[17,20957,20958,20983,20987],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,20959,20960,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,20961,20962],{"class":114},"profile ",[42,20964,88],{"class":87},[42,20966,10842],{"class":56},[42,20968,61],{"class":60},[42,20970,8016],{"class":64},[42,20972,61],{"class":60},[42,20974,1935],{"class":56},[42,20976,73],{"class":60},[42,20978,8271],{"class":64},[42,20980,61],{"class":60},[42,20982,9659],{"class":56},[42,20984,20985],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,20986,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,20988,20989,20991,20993,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21015,21017,21019],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,20990,284],{"class":52},[42,20992,57],{"class":56},[42,20994,20995],{"class":125},"profile",[42,20997,122],{"class":56},[42,20999,20109],{"class":125},[42,21001,57],{"class":56},[42,21003,61],{"class":60},[42,21005,15619],{"class":64},[42,21007,61],{"class":60},[42,21009,70],{"class":56},[42,21011,73],{"class":60},[42,21013,21014],{"class":64},"Unknown",[42,21016,61],{"class":60},[42,21018,5705],{"class":56},[42,21020,21021],{"class":525},"  # Unknown\n",[14,21023,21024],{},"This is useful for display text:",[167,21026,21027,21032,21037],{},[170,21028,21029],{},[17,21030,21031],{},"\"Unknown\"",[170,21033,21034],{},[17,21035,21036],{},"\"Not set\"",[170,21038,21039],{},[17,21040,21041],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,21043,21044],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[33,21046,21048],{"className":35,"code":21047,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[17,21049,21050,21082,21086,21113],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21051,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076,21078,21080],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21053,5406],{"class":114},[42,21055,88],{"class":87},[42,21057,10842],{"class":56},[42,21059,61],{"class":60},[42,21061,18775],{"class":64},[42,21063,61],{"class":60},[42,21065,1935],{"class":56},[42,21067,6350],{"class":2348},[42,21069,70],{"class":56},[42,21071,73],{"class":60},[42,21073,18784],{"class":64},[42,21075,61],{"class":60},[42,21077,1935],{"class":56},[42,21079,6706],{"class":2348},[42,21081,9659],{"class":56},[42,21083,21084],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21085,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,21087,21088,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,21089,21090],{"class":114},"total_history ",[42,21092,88],{"class":87},[42,21094,5453],{"class":114},[42,21096,122],{"class":56},[42,21098,20109],{"class":125},[42,21100,57],{"class":56},[42,21102,61],{"class":60},[42,21104,18793],{"class":64},[42,21106,61],{"class":60},[42,21108,70],{"class":56},[42,21110,4171],{"class":2348},[42,21112,143],{"class":56},[42,21114,21115,21117,21119,21122,21124],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,21116,284],{"class":52},[42,21118,57],{"class":56},[42,21120,21121],{"class":125},"total_history",[42,21123,98],{"class":56},[42,21125,21126],{"class":525},"   # 0\n",[14,21128,21129,21130,21132],{},"Here, ",[17,21131,2445],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,21134,21135],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[167,21137,21138,21141,21146,21151],{},[170,21139,21140],{},"Use a string for text",[170,21142,146,21143,21145],{},[17,21144,2445],{}," for numbers",[170,21147,146,21148,21150],{},[17,21149,4124],{}," for lists if needed",[170,21152,146,21153,21155],{},[17,21154,4129],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[28,21157,21159],{"id":21158},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,21161,21162,21163,122],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[17,21164,11092],{},[1073,21166,21168,21170],{"id":21167},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[17,21169,11092],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,21172,21173,21174,21176],{},"This code does ",[177,21175,179],{}," create a new key:",[33,21178,21180],{"className":35,"code":21179,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,21181,21182,21206,21210,21235],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21183,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21185,13562],{"class":114},[42,21187,88],{"class":87},[42,21189,10842],{"class":56},[42,21191,61],{"class":60},[42,21193,8016],{"class":64},[42,21195,61],{"class":60},[42,21197,1935],{"class":56},[42,21199,73],{"class":60},[42,21201,13237],{"class":64},[42,21203,61],{"class":60},[42,21205,9659],{"class":56},[42,21207,21208],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21209,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,21211,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,21213,284],{"class":52},[42,21215,57],{"class":56},[42,21217,17666],{"class":125},[42,21219,122],{"class":56},[42,21221,20109],{"class":125},[42,21223,57],{"class":56},[42,21225,61],{"class":60},[42,21227,10760],{"class":64},[42,21229,61],{"class":60},[42,21231,5705],{"class":56},[42,21233,21234],{"class":525},"  # None\n",[42,21236,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,21238,284],{"class":52},[42,21240,57],{"class":56},[42,21242,17666],{"class":125},[42,21244,98],{"class":56},[42,21246,21247],{"class":525},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,21249,21250],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1073,21252,21254,21256],{"id":21253},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[17,21255,11092],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,21258,21259],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[33,21261,21263],{"className":35,"code":21262,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[17,21264,21265,21290,21294,21320],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21266,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21286,21288],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21268,14183],{"class":114},[42,21270,88],{"class":87},[42,21272,10842],{"class":56},[42,21274,61],{"class":60},[42,21276,363],{"class":64},[42,21278,61],{"class":60},[42,21280,1935],{"class":56},[42,21282,73],{"class":60},[42,21284,21285],{"class":64},"light",[42,21287,61],{"class":60},[42,21289,9659],{"class":56},[42,21291,21292],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21293,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,21295,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,21297,14242],{"class":114},[42,21299,122],{"class":56},[42,21301,20109],{"class":125},[42,21303,57],{"class":56},[42,21305,61],{"class":60},[42,21307,12850],{"class":64},[42,21309,61],{"class":60},[42,21311,70],{"class":56},[42,21313,73],{"class":60},[42,21315,12859],{"class":64},[42,21317,61],{"class":60},[42,21319,143],{"class":56},[42,21321,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,21323,284],{"class":52},[42,21325,57],{"class":56},[42,21327,14242],{"class":125},[42,21329,98],{"class":56},[42,21331,21332],{"class":525},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,21334,21335,21336,21339],{},"Even though ",[17,21337,21338],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1073,21341,21343,21344],{"id":21342},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[17,21345,4115],{},[14,21347,21348,21349,2726,21351,21353],{},"Sometimes ",[17,21350,11092],{},[17,21352,4115],{}," because:",[167,21355,21356,21359],{},[170,21357,21358],{},"The key is missing, or",[170,21360,21361,21362],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[17,21363,4115],{},[14,21365,219],{},[33,21367,21369],{"className":35,"code":21368,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[17,21370,21371,21408,21412,21436],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21372,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21400,21402,21404,21406],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21374,9516],{"class":114},[42,21376,88],{"class":87},[42,21378,10842],{"class":56},[42,21380,61],{"class":60},[42,21382,8016],{"class":64},[42,21384,61],{"class":60},[42,21386,1935],{"class":56},[42,21388,73],{"class":60},[42,21390,13237],{"class":64},[42,21392,61],{"class":60},[42,21394,70],{"class":56},[42,21396,73],{"class":60},[42,21398,21399],{"class":64},"nickname",[42,21401,61],{"class":60},[42,21403,1935],{"class":56},[42,21405,4191],{"class":4190},[42,21407,9659],{"class":56},[42,21409,21410],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21411,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,21413,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,21415,284],{"class":52},[42,21417,57],{"class":56},[42,21419,9554],{"class":125},[42,21421,122],{"class":56},[42,21423,20109],{"class":125},[42,21425,57],{"class":56},[42,21427,61],{"class":60},[42,21429,21399],{"class":64},[42,21431,61],{"class":60},[42,21433,5705],{"class":56},[42,21435,21234],{"class":525},[42,21437,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,21439,284],{"class":52},[42,21441,57],{"class":56},[42,21443,9554],{"class":125},[42,21445,122],{"class":56},[42,21447,20109],{"class":125},[42,21449,57],{"class":56},[42,21451,61],{"class":60},[42,21453,10760],{"class":64},[42,21455,61],{"class":60},[42,21457,5705],{"class":56},[42,21459,21460],{"class":525},"      # None\n",[14,21462,21463,21464,21466],{},"Both lines print ",[17,21465,4115],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,21468,21469,21470,1935],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[17,21471,1299],{},[33,21473,21475],{"className":35,"code":21474,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[17,21476,21477,21513,21517,21538],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21478,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509,21511],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21480,9516],{"class":114},[42,21482,88],{"class":87},[42,21484,10842],{"class":56},[42,21486,61],{"class":60},[42,21488,8016],{"class":64},[42,21490,61],{"class":60},[42,21492,1935],{"class":56},[42,21494,73],{"class":60},[42,21496,13237],{"class":64},[42,21498,61],{"class":60},[42,21500,70],{"class":56},[42,21502,73],{"class":60},[42,21504,21399],{"class":64},[42,21506,61],{"class":60},[42,21508,1935],{"class":56},[42,21510,4191],{"class":4190},[42,21512,9659],{"class":56},[42,21514,21515],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21516,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,21518,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529,21532,21534,21536],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,21520,284],{"class":52},[42,21522,57],{"class":56},[42,21524,61],{"class":60},[42,21526,21399],{"class":64},[42,21528,61],{"class":60},[42,21530,21531],{"class":48}," in",[42,21533,14923],{"class":125},[42,21535,98],{"class":56},[42,21537,3999],{"class":525},[42,21539,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,21541,284],{"class":52},[42,21543,57],{"class":56},[42,21545,61],{"class":60},[42,21547,10760],{"class":64},[42,21549,61],{"class":60},[42,21551,21531],{"class":48},[42,21553,14923],{"class":125},[42,21555,98],{"class":56},[42,21557,21558],{"class":525},"      # False\n",[14,21560,21561,21562,122],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[693,21563,21564],{"href":17512},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[28,21566,1929],{"id":1928},[14,21568,21569,21570,1935],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[17,21571,11092],{},[167,21573,21574,21579,21586,21591],{},[170,21575,21576,21577],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[17,21578,20046],{},[170,21580,5045,21581,2726,21583,21585],{},[17,21582,11092],{},[17,21584,4115],{}," if no default is provided",[170,21587,4920,21588,21590],{},[17,21589,11092],{}," creates a key automatically",[170,21592,21593],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,21595,21596],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[33,21598,21600],{"className":35,"code":21599,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[17,21601,21602,21612,21626,21644,21666],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21603,21604,21606,21608,21610],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21605,284],{"class":52},[42,21607,57],{"class":56},[42,21609,11804],{"class":125},[42,21611,143],{"class":56},[42,21613,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21615,284],{"class":52},[42,21617,57],{"class":56},[42,21619,11804],{"class":125},[42,21621,122],{"class":56},[42,21623,17282],{"class":125},[42,21625,584],{"class":56},[42,21627,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,21629,284],{"class":52},[42,21631,57],{"class":56},[42,21633,868],{"class":60},[42,21635,8016],{"class":64},[42,21637,868],{"class":60},[42,21639,21531],{"class":48},[42,21641,12121],{"class":125},[42,21643,143],{"class":56},[42,21645,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,21647,284],{"class":52},[42,21649,57],{"class":56},[42,21651,11804],{"class":125},[42,21653,122],{"class":56},[42,21655,20109],{"class":125},[42,21657,57],{"class":56},[42,21659,868],{"class":60},[42,21661,8016],{"class":64},[42,21663,868],{"class":60},[42,21665,842],{"class":56},[42,21667,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688,21690],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,21669,284],{"class":52},[42,21671,57],{"class":56},[42,21673,835],{"class":834},[42,21675,57],{"class":56},[42,21677,11804],{"class":125},[42,21679,122],{"class":56},[42,21681,20109],{"class":125},[42,21683,57],{"class":56},[42,21685,868],{"class":60},[42,21687,8016],{"class":64},[42,21689,868],{"class":60},[42,21691,3243],{"class":56},[14,21693,21694],{},"What these checks tell you:",[167,21696,21697,21702,21708,21714,21720],{},[170,21698,21699,21701],{},[17,21700,13035],{}," shows the full dictionary",[170,21703,21704,21707],{},[17,21705,21706],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[170,21709,21710,21713],{},[17,21711,21712],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[170,21715,21716,21719],{},[17,21717,21718],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[170,21721,21722,21725],{},[17,21723,21724],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,21727,21728,21729,1753,21734,21738],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[693,21730,21731,21732,11093],{"href":17421},"the dictionary ",[17,21733,17424],{},[693,21735,21731,21736,11093],{"href":17434},[17,21737,17437],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[28,21740,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,21742,13060,21744,21746,21747,2823],{"id":21743},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[17,21745,11092],{}," raise ",[17,21748,20046],{},[14,21750,21751,21752,21754],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[17,21753,4115],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1073,21756,13060,21758,21760],{"id":21757},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[17,21759,11092],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21762,21763],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1073,21765,21767,21768,2823],{"id":21766},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[17,21769,11092],{},[14,21771,21772,21774],{},[17,21773,4115],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1073,21776,21778,21779,21781],{"id":21777},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[17,21780,11092],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21783,146,21784,21786],{},[17,21785,11092],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[28,21788,2205],{"id":2204},[167,21790,21791,21795,21801,21807,21811,21816],{},[170,21792,21793],{},[693,21794,9506],{"href":9505},[170,21796,21797],{},[693,21798,11089,21799,11093],{"href":17421},[17,21800,17424],{},[170,21802,21803],{},[693,21804,11089,21805,11093],{"href":17434},[17,21806,17437],{},[170,21808,21809],{},[693,21810,17513],{"href":17512},[170,21812,21813],{},[693,21814,21815],{"href":16955},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[170,21817,21818],{},[693,21819,11616],{"href":11427},[2245,21821,21822],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":21824},[21825,21827,21828,21830,21835,21836,21844,21845,21855],{"id":20191,"depth":111,"text":21826},"What get() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":20525,"depth":111,"text":21829},"When to use get()",{"id":20697,"depth":111,"text":21831,"children":21832},"get() vs square brackets",[21833,21834],{"id":20746,"depth":132,"text":20747},{"id":20109,"depth":132,"text":11092},{"id":20945,"depth":111,"text":20946},{"id":21158,"depth":111,"text":21159,"children":21837},[21838,21840,21842],{"id":21167,"depth":132,"text":21839},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21253,"depth":132,"text":21841},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21342,"depth":132,"text":21843},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":21846},[21847,21849,21851,21853],{"id":21743,"depth":132,"text":21848},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21757,"depth":132,"text":21850},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21766,"depth":132,"text":21852},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21777,"depth":132,"text":21854},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":20027,"description":21856},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21863,"title":21864,"body":21865,"description":24421,"extension":2285,"meta":24422,"navigation":2287,"path":24423,"seo":24424,"stem":24425,"__hash__":24426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21866,"toc":24387},[21867,21872,21878,21884,21886,21968,21972,21989,21994,21999,22004,22006,22020,22022,22085,22089,22129,22137,22139,22141,22156,22159,22172,22174,22253,22257,22323,22325,22329,22336,22338,22349,22351,22461,22465,22544,22550,22556,22561,22674,22678,22710,22713,22820,22826,22833,22837,22840,22943,22947,23008,23011,23014,23025,23034,23037,23054,23056,23155,23159,23234,23237,23260,23265,23270,23287,23289,23410,23414,23448,23450,23455,23462,23472,23474,23552,23555,23626,23636,23639,23671,23674,23713,23719,23726,23729,23820,23824,23905,23911,23914,23917,24022,24025,24028,24150,24154,24157,24224,24228,24265,24271,24273,24279,24284,24290,24297,24303,24306,24345,24351,24354,24356,24384],[10,21868,11672,21870,11676],{"id":21869},"python-dictionary-items-method",[17,21871,17437],{},[14,21873,2303,21874,21877],{},[17,21875,21876],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21879,21880,21881,21883],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[17,21882,17437],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[28,21885,31],{"id":30},[33,21887,21889],{"className":35,"code":21888,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,21890,21891,21927,21931,21954],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21892,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21894,13562],{"class":114},[42,21896,88],{"class":87},[42,21898,10842],{"class":56},[42,21900,61],{"class":60},[42,21902,8016],{"class":64},[42,21904,61],{"class":60},[42,21906,1935],{"class":56},[42,21908,73],{"class":60},[42,21910,13237],{"class":64},[42,21912,61],{"class":60},[42,21914,70],{"class":56},[42,21916,73],{"class":60},[42,21918,9649],{"class":64},[42,21920,61],{"class":60},[42,21922,1935],{"class":56},[42,21924,9656],{"class":2348},[42,21926,9659],{"class":56},[42,21928,21929],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21930,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,21932,21933,21935,21938,21940,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,21934,6303],{"class":48},[42,21936,21937],{"class":114}," key",[42,21939,70],{"class":56},[42,21941,21942],{"class":114}," value ",[42,21944,1299],{"class":48},[42,21946,13605],{"class":114},[42,21948,122],{"class":56},[42,21950,8159],{"class":125},[42,21952,21953],{"class":56},"():\n",[42,21955,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,21957,135],{"class":52},[42,21959,57],{"class":56},[42,21961,15198],{"class":125},[42,21963,70],{"class":56},[42,21965,8783],{"class":125},[42,21967,143],{"class":56},[14,21969,21970],{},[177,21971,2395],{},[33,21973,21975],{"className":35,"code":21974,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[17,21976,21977,21982],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,21978,21979],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,21980,21981],{"class":114},"name Ana\n",[42,21983,21984,21987],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,21985,21986],{"class":114},"age ",[42,21988,3041],{"class":2348},[14,21990,146,21991,21993],{},[17,21992,17437],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[28,21995,4013,21997,4016],{"id":21996},"what-items-does",[17,21998,17437],{},[14,22000,22001,22003],{},[17,22002,17437],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,22005,165],{},[167,22007,22008,22014,22017],{},[170,22009,22010,22011],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[17,22012,22013],{},"(key, value)",[170,22015,22016],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[170,22018,22019],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,22021,219],{},[33,22023,22025],{"className":35,"code":22024,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[17,22026,22027,22063,22067],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22028,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22030,13562],{"class":114},[42,22032,88],{"class":87},[42,22034,10842],{"class":56},[42,22036,61],{"class":60},[42,22038,8016],{"class":64},[42,22040,61],{"class":60},[42,22042,1935],{"class":56},[42,22044,73],{"class":60},[42,22046,13237],{"class":64},[42,22048,61],{"class":60},[42,22050,70],{"class":56},[42,22052,73],{"class":60},[42,22054,9649],{"class":64},[42,22056,61],{"class":60},[42,22058,1935],{"class":56},[42,22060,9656],{"class":2348},[42,22062,9659],{"class":56},[42,22064,22065],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22066,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22068,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,22070,284],{"class":52},[42,22072,57],{"class":56},[42,22074,8443],{"class":834},[42,22076,57],{"class":56},[42,22078,17666],{"class":125},[42,22080,122],{"class":56},[42,22082,8159],{"class":125},[42,22084,6636],{"class":56},[14,22086,22087],{},[177,22088,2395],{},[33,22090,22092],{"className":35,"code":22091,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[17,22093,22094],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22095,22096,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22097,22098],{"class":56},"[(",[42,22100,868],{"class":60},[42,22102,8016],{"class":64},[42,22104,868],{"class":60},[42,22106,70],{"class":56},[42,22108,862],{"class":60},[42,22110,13237],{"class":64},[42,22112,868],{"class":60},[42,22114,9583],{"class":56},[42,22116,9586],{"class":56},[42,22118,868],{"class":60},[42,22120,9649],{"class":64},[42,22122,868],{"class":60},[42,22124,70],{"class":56},[42,22126,9656],{"class":2348},[42,22128,9599],{"class":56},[14,22130,22131,22132,1327,22134,122],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[693,22133,9506],{"href":13380},[693,22135,15382],{"href":22136},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[28,22138,312],{"id":311},[14,22140,5778],{},[33,22142,22144],{"className":35,"code":22143,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict.items()\n",[17,22145,22146],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22147,22148,22150,22152,22154],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22149,11804],{"class":114},[42,22151,122],{"class":56},[42,22153,8159],{"class":125},[42,22155,129],{"class":56},[14,22157,22158],{},"Things to remember:",[167,22160,22161,22166,22169],{},[170,22162,22163,22165],{},[17,22164,17437],{}," does not take any arguments",[170,22167,22168],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[170,22170,22171],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,22173,219],{},[33,22175,22177],{"className":35,"code":22176,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,22178,22179,22211,22215,22229,22233,22243],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22180,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22182,5406],{"class":114},[42,22184,88],{"class":87},[42,22186,10842],{"class":56},[42,22188,61],{"class":60},[42,22190,5346],{"class":64},[42,22192,61],{"class":60},[42,22194,1935],{"class":56},[42,22196,20257],{"class":2348},[42,22198,70],{"class":56},[42,22200,73],{"class":60},[42,22202,5355],{"class":64},[42,22204,61],{"class":60},[42,22206,1935],{"class":56},[42,22208,13864],{"class":2348},[42,22210,9659],{"class":56},[42,22212,22213],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22214,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22216,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,22218,2555],{"class":114},[42,22220,88],{"class":87},[42,22222,5453],{"class":114},[42,22224,122],{"class":56},[42,22226,8159],{"class":125},[42,22228,129],{"class":56},[42,22230,22231],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,22232,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22234,22235,22237,22239,22241],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,22236,284],{"class":52},[42,22238,57],{"class":56},[42,22240,2592],{"class":125},[42,22242,143],{"class":56},[42,22244,22245,22247,22249,22251],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,22246,284],{"class":52},[42,22248,57],{"class":56},[42,22250,16747],{"class":125},[42,22252,143],{"class":56},[14,22254,22255],{},[177,22256,2395],{},[33,22258,22260],{"className":35,"code":22259,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[17,22261,22262,22295],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22263,22264,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22265,22266],{"class":125},"dict_items",[42,22268,10008],{"class":56},[42,22270,868],{"class":60},[42,22272,5346],{"class":64},[42,22274,868],{"class":60},[42,22276,70],{"class":56},[42,22278,20257],{"class":2348},[42,22280,9583],{"class":56},[42,22282,9586],{"class":56},[42,22284,868],{"class":60},[42,22286,5355],{"class":64},[42,22288,868],{"class":60},[42,22290,70],{"class":56},[42,22292,13864],{"class":2348},[42,22294,11031],{"class":56},[42,22296,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315,22317,22319,22321],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22298,9628],{"class":56},[42,22300,868],{"class":60},[42,22302,5346],{"class":64},[42,22304,868],{"class":60},[42,22306,1935],{"class":56},[42,22308,20257],{"class":2348},[42,22310,70],{"class":56},[42,22312,862],{"class":60},[42,22314,5355],{"class":64},[42,22316,868],{"class":60},[42,22318,1935],{"class":56},[42,22320,13864],{"class":2348},[42,22322,9659],{"class":56},[14,22324,21250],{},[28,22326,22328],{"id":22327},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,22330,22331,751,22333,22335],{},[17,22332,17437],{},[17,22334,22266],{}," view object.",[14,22337,2432],{},[167,22339,22340,22343,22346],{},[170,22341,22342],{},"You can loop over it",[170,22344,22345],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[170,22347,22348],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,22350,219],{},[33,22352,22354],{"className":35,"code":22353,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[17,22355,22356,22388,22402,22406,22420,22424,22443,22447],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22357,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22359,9516],{"class":114},[42,22361,88],{"class":87},[42,22363,10842],{"class":56},[42,22365,61],{"class":60},[42,22367,2498],{"class":64},[42,22369,61],{"class":60},[42,22371,1935],{"class":56},[42,22373,5842],{"class":2348},[42,22375,70],{"class":56},[42,22377,73],{"class":60},[42,22379,12100],{"class":64},[42,22381,61],{"class":60},[42,22383,1935],{"class":56},[42,22385,3325],{"class":2348},[42,22387,9659],{"class":56},[42,22389,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22391,9565],{"class":114},[42,22393,88],{"class":87},[42,22395,14923],{"class":114},[42,22397,122],{"class":56},[42,22399,8159],{"class":125},[42,22401,129],{"class":56},[42,22403,22404],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,22405,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22407,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,22409,284],{"class":52},[42,22411,57],{"class":56},[42,22413,8443],{"class":834},[42,22415,57],{"class":56},[42,22417,9612],{"class":125},[42,22419,842],{"class":56},[42,22421,22422],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,22423,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22425,22426,22428,22430,22432,22435,22437,22439,22441],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,22427,9554],{"class":114},[42,22429,4238],{"class":56},[42,22431,61],{"class":60},[42,22433,22434],{"class":64},"z",[42,22436,61],{"class":60},[42,22438,13631],{"class":56},[42,22440,232],{"class":87},[42,22442,2909],{"class":2348},[42,22444,22445],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,22446,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22448,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,22450,284],{"class":52},[42,22452,57],{"class":56},[42,22454,8443],{"class":834},[42,22456,57],{"class":56},[42,22458,9612],{"class":125},[42,22460,842],{"class":56},[14,22462,22463],{},[177,22464,2395],{},[33,22466,22468],{"className":35,"code":22467,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[17,22469,22470,22500],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22471,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22473,22098],{"class":56},[42,22475,868],{"class":60},[42,22477,2498],{"class":64},[42,22479,868],{"class":60},[42,22481,70],{"class":56},[42,22483,5842],{"class":2348},[42,22485,9583],{"class":56},[42,22487,9586],{"class":56},[42,22489,868],{"class":60},[42,22491,12100],{"class":64},[42,22493,868],{"class":60},[42,22495,70],{"class":56},[42,22497,3325],{"class":2348},[42,22499,9599],{"class":56},[42,22501,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22503,22098],{"class":56},[42,22505,868],{"class":60},[42,22507,2498],{"class":64},[42,22509,868],{"class":60},[42,22511,70],{"class":56},[42,22513,5842],{"class":2348},[42,22515,9583],{"class":56},[42,22517,9586],{"class":56},[42,22519,868],{"class":60},[42,22521,12100],{"class":64},[42,22523,868],{"class":60},[42,22525,70],{"class":56},[42,22527,3325],{"class":2348},[42,22529,9583],{"class":56},[42,22531,9586],{"class":56},[42,22533,868],{"class":60},[42,22535,22434],{"class":64},[42,22537,868],{"class":60},[42,22539,70],{"class":56},[42,22541,2781],{"class":2348},[42,22543,9599],{"class":56},[14,22545,22546,22547,22549],{},"This happens because ",[17,22548,9612],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[28,22551,22553,22554],{"id":22552},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[17,22555,17437],{},[14,22557,22558,22559,1935],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[17,22560,17437],{},[33,22562,22564],{"className":35,"code":22563,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[17,22565,22566,22619,22623,22643],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22567,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22569,13220],{"class":114},[42,22571,88],{"class":87},[42,22573,10842],{"class":56},[42,22575,61],{"class":60},[42,22577,8016],{"class":64},[42,22579,61],{"class":60},[42,22581,1935],{"class":56},[42,22583,73],{"class":60},[42,22585,8271],{"class":64},[42,22587,61],{"class":60},[42,22589,70],{"class":56},[42,22591,73],{"class":60},[42,22593,20250],{"class":64},[42,22595,61],{"class":60},[42,22597,1935],{"class":56},[42,22599,73],{"class":60},[42,22601,22602],{"class":64},"A",[42,22604,61],{"class":60},[42,22606,70],{"class":56},[42,22608,73],{"class":60},[42,22610,9649],{"class":64},[42,22612,61],{"class":60},[42,22614,1935],{"class":56},[42,22616,14215],{"class":2348},[42,22618,9659],{"class":56},[42,22620,22621],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22622,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22624,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,22626,6303],{"class":48},[42,22628,21937],{"class":114},[42,22630,70],{"class":56},[42,22632,21942],{"class":114},[42,22634,1299],{"class":48},[42,22636,13263],{"class":114},[42,22638,122],{"class":56},[42,22640,8159],{"class":125},[42,22642,21953],{"class":56},[42,22644,22645,22647,22649,22652,22654,22656,22658,22661,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,22646,135],{"class":52},[42,22648,57],{"class":56},[42,22650,22651],{"class":858},"f",[42,22653,61],{"class":64},[42,22655,9628],{"class":2348},[42,22657,15198],{"class":125},[42,22659,22660],{"class":2348},"}",[42,22662,22663],{"class":64},": ",[42,22665,9628],{"class":2348},[42,22667,2803],{"class":125},[42,22669,22660],{"class":2348},[42,22671,61],{"class":64},[42,22673,143],{"class":56},[14,22675,22676],{},[177,22677,2395],{},[33,22679,22681],{"className":35,"code":22680,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[17,22682,22683,22692,22701],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22684,22685,22687,22689],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22686,8016],{"class":114},[42,22688,1935],{"class":56},[42,22690,22691],{"class":114}," Mia\n",[42,22693,22694,22696,22698],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22695,20250],{"class":114},[42,22697,1935],{"class":56},[42,22699,22700],{"class":114}," A\n",[42,22702,22703,22705,22707],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,22704,9649],{"class":114},[42,22706,1935],{"class":56},[42,22708,22709],{"class":2348}," 14\n",[14,22711,22712],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[33,22714,22716],{"className":35,"code":22715,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[17,22717,22718,22770,22774,22786],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22719,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22721,13220],{"class":114},[42,22723,88],{"class":87},[42,22725,10842],{"class":56},[42,22727,61],{"class":60},[42,22729,8016],{"class":64},[42,22731,61],{"class":60},[42,22733,1935],{"class":56},[42,22735,73],{"class":60},[42,22737,8271],{"class":64},[42,22739,61],{"class":60},[42,22741,70],{"class":56},[42,22743,73],{"class":60},[42,22745,20250],{"class":64},[42,22747,61],{"class":60},[42,22749,1935],{"class":56},[42,22751,73],{"class":60},[42,22753,22602],{"class":64},[42,22755,61],{"class":60},[42,22757,70],{"class":56},[42,22759,73],{"class":60},[42,22761,9649],{"class":64},[42,22763,61],{"class":60},[42,22765,1935],{"class":56},[42,22767,14215],{"class":2348},[42,22769,9659],{"class":56},[42,22771,22772],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22773,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22775,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,22777,6303],{"class":48},[42,22779,18567],{"class":114},[42,22781,1299],{"class":48},[42,22783,13263],{"class":114},[42,22785,108],{"class":56},[42,22787,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,22789,135],{"class":52},[42,22791,57],{"class":56},[42,22793,22651],{"class":858},[42,22795,61],{"class":64},[42,22797,9628],{"class":2348},[42,22799,15198],{"class":125},[42,22801,22660],{"class":2348},[42,22803,22663],{"class":64},[42,22805,9628],{"class":2348},[42,22807,13983],{"class":125},[42,22809,4238],{"class":56},[42,22811,15198],{"class":125},[42,22813,13631],{"class":56},[42,22815,22660],{"class":2348},[42,22817,61],{"class":64},[42,22819,143],{"class":56},[14,22821,6857,22822,22825],{},[17,22823,22824],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22827,22828,22829,122],{},"For a full guide, see ",[693,22830,22832],{"href":22831},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[28,22834,22836],{"id":22835},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22838,22839],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[33,22841,22843],{"className":35,"code":22842,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[17,22844,22845,22904,22908,22928,22932],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22846,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879,22882,22884,22886,22888,22891,22893,22895,22897,22900,22902],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22848,13433],{"class":114},[42,22850,88],{"class":87},[42,22852,10842],{"class":56},[42,22854,61],{"class":60},[42,22856,4418],{"class":64},[42,22858,61],{"class":60},[42,22860,1935],{"class":56},[42,22862,73],{"class":60},[42,22864,13450],{"class":64},[42,22866,61],{"class":60},[42,22868,70],{"class":56},[42,22870,73],{"class":60},[42,22872,4427],{"class":64},[42,22874,61],{"class":60},[42,22876,1935],{"class":56},[42,22878,73],{"class":60},[42,22880,22881],{"class":64},"yellow",[42,22883,61],{"class":60},[42,22885,70],{"class":56},[42,22887,73],{"class":60},[42,22889,22890],{"class":64},"grape",[42,22892,61],{"class":60},[42,22894,1935],{"class":56},[42,22896,73],{"class":60},[42,22898,22899],{"class":64},"purple",[42,22901,61],{"class":60},[42,22903,9659],{"class":56},[42,22905,22906],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,22907,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22909,22910,22913,22915,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,22911,22912],{"class":114},"pairs_list ",[42,22914,88],{"class":87},[42,22916,22917],{"class":834}," list",[42,22919,57],{"class":56},[42,22921,17861],{"class":125},[42,22923,122],{"class":56},[42,22925,8159],{"class":125},[42,22927,584],{"class":56},[42,22929,22930],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,22931,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,22933,22934,22936,22938,22941],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,22935,284],{"class":52},[42,22937,57],{"class":56},[42,22939,22940],{"class":125},"pairs_list",[42,22942,143],{"class":56},[14,22944,22945],{},[177,22946,2395],{},[33,22948,22950],{"className":35,"code":22949,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[17,22951,22952],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,22953,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,22955,22098],{"class":56},[42,22957,868],{"class":60},[42,22959,4418],{"class":64},[42,22961,868],{"class":60},[42,22963,70],{"class":56},[42,22965,862],{"class":60},[42,22967,13450],{"class":64},[42,22969,868],{"class":60},[42,22971,9583],{"class":56},[42,22973,9586],{"class":56},[42,22975,868],{"class":60},[42,22977,4427],{"class":64},[42,22979,868],{"class":60},[42,22981,70],{"class":56},[42,22983,862],{"class":60},[42,22985,22881],{"class":64},[42,22987,868],{"class":60},[42,22989,9583],{"class":56},[42,22991,9586],{"class":56},[42,22993,868],{"class":60},[42,22995,22890],{"class":64},[42,22997,868],{"class":60},[42,22999,70],{"class":56},[42,23001,862],{"class":60},[42,23003,22899],{"class":64},[42,23005,868],{"class":60},[42,23007,9599],{"class":56},[14,23009,23010],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,23012,23013],{},"Use this when:",[167,23015,23016,23019,23022],{},[170,23017,23018],{},"You want clearer printed output",[170,23020,23021],{},"You need list behavior",[170,23023,23024],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[28,23026,23028,10937,23030,10937,23032],{"id":23027},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[17,23029,17437],{},[17,23031,17424],{},[17,23033,17430],{},[14,23035,23036],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[167,23038,23039,23044,23049],{},[170,23040,23041,23043],{},[17,23042,17437],{}," gives both key and value",[170,23045,23046,23048],{},[17,23047,17424],{}," gives only keys",[170,23050,23051,23053],{},[17,23052,17430],{}," gives only values",[14,23055,219],{},[33,23057,23059],{"className":35,"code":23058,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[17,23060,23061,23097,23101,23119,23137],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23062,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071,23073,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23064,13562],{"class":114},[42,23066,88],{"class":87},[42,23068,10842],{"class":56},[42,23070,61],{"class":60},[42,23072,8016],{"class":64},[42,23074,61],{"class":60},[42,23076,1935],{"class":56},[42,23078,73],{"class":60},[42,23080,13237],{"class":64},[42,23082,61],{"class":60},[42,23084,70],{"class":56},[42,23086,73],{"class":60},[42,23088,9649],{"class":64},[42,23090,61],{"class":60},[42,23092,1935],{"class":56},[42,23094,9656],{"class":2348},[42,23096,9659],{"class":56},[42,23098,23099],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23100,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,23102,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23104,284],{"class":52},[42,23106,57],{"class":56},[42,23108,8443],{"class":834},[42,23110,57],{"class":56},[42,23112,17666],{"class":125},[42,23114,122],{"class":56},[42,23116,17282],{"class":125},[42,23118,6636],{"class":56},[42,23120,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,23122,284],{"class":52},[42,23124,57],{"class":56},[42,23126,8443],{"class":834},[42,23128,57],{"class":56},[42,23130,17666],{"class":125},[42,23132,122],{"class":56},[42,23134,5702],{"class":125},[42,23136,6636],{"class":56},[42,23138,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,23140,284],{"class":52},[42,23142,57],{"class":56},[42,23144,8443],{"class":834},[42,23146,57],{"class":56},[42,23148,17666],{"class":125},[42,23150,122],{"class":56},[42,23152,8159],{"class":125},[42,23154,6636],{"class":56},[14,23156,23157],{},[177,23158,2395],{},[33,23160,23162],{"className":35,"code":23161,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[17,23163,23164,23184,23200],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23165,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23167,4238],{"class":56},[42,23169,868],{"class":60},[42,23171,8016],{"class":64},[42,23173,868],{"class":60},[42,23175,70],{"class":56},[42,23177,862],{"class":60},[42,23179,9649],{"class":64},[42,23181,868],{"class":60},[42,23183,3970],{"class":56},[42,23185,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23187,4238],{"class":56},[42,23189,868],{"class":60},[42,23191,13237],{"class":64},[42,23193,868],{"class":60},[42,23195,70],{"class":56},[42,23197,9656],{"class":2348},[42,23199,3970],{"class":56},[42,23201,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23203,22098],{"class":56},[42,23205,868],{"class":60},[42,23207,8016],{"class":64},[42,23209,868],{"class":60},[42,23211,70],{"class":56},[42,23213,862],{"class":60},[42,23215,13237],{"class":64},[42,23217,868],{"class":60},[42,23219,9583],{"class":56},[42,23221,9586],{"class":56},[42,23223,868],{"class":60},[42,23225,9649],{"class":64},[42,23227,868],{"class":60},[42,23229,70],{"class":56},[42,23231,9656],{"class":2348},[42,23233,9599],{"class":56},[14,23235,23236],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[167,23238,23239,23247,23255],{},[170,23240,23241,23242],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[693,23243,23245],{"href":23244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[17,23246,17424],{},[170,23248,23249,23250],{},"Need just values? Use ",[693,23251,23253],{"href":23252},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[17,23254,17430],{},[170,23256,23257,23258],{},"Need both together? Use ",[17,23259,17437],{},[28,23261,5303,23263],{"id":23262},"when-to-use-items",[17,23264,17437],{},[14,23266,23267,23269],{},[17,23268,17437],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[167,23271,23272,23275,23278,23281,23284],{},[170,23273,23274],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[170,23276,23277],{},"Building formatted output",[170,23279,23280],{},"Looping through settings and values",[170,23282,23283],{},"Showing names with scores",[170,23285,23286],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,23288,219],{},[33,23290,23292],{"className":35,"code":23291,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[17,23293,23294,23302,23320,23339,23351,23355,23359,23380],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23295,23296,23298,23300],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23297,14183],{"class":114},[42,23299,88],{"class":87},[42,23301,11847],{"class":56},[42,23303,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23305,11852],{"class":60},[42,23307,12850],{"class":64},[42,23309,61],{"class":60},[42,23311,1935],{"class":56},[42,23313,73],{"class":60},[42,23315,12859],{"class":64},[42,23317,61],{"class":60},[42,23319,11868],{"class":56},[42,23321,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23335,23337],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23323,11852],{"class":60},[42,23325,20481],{"class":64},[42,23327,61],{"class":60},[42,23329,1935],{"class":56},[42,23331,73],{"class":60},[42,23333,23334],{"class":64},"English",[42,23336,61],{"class":60},[42,23338,11868],{"class":56},[42,23340,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,23342,11852],{"class":60},[42,23344,18883],{"class":64},[42,23346,61],{"class":60},[42,23348,1935],{"class":56},[42,23350,6769],{"class":4190},[42,23352,23353],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,23354,9659],{"class":56},[42,23356,23357],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,23358,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,23360,23361,23363,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376,23378],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,23362,6303],{"class":48},[42,23364,23365],{"class":114}," setting",[42,23367,70],{"class":56},[42,23369,21942],{"class":114},[42,23371,1299],{"class":48},[42,23373,14227],{"class":114},[42,23375,122],{"class":56},[42,23377,8159],{"class":125},[42,23379,21953],{"class":56},[42,23381,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23395,23397,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,23383,135],{"class":52},[42,23385,57],{"class":56},[42,23387,22651],{"class":858},[42,23389,61],{"class":64},[42,23391,9628],{"class":2348},[42,23393,23394],{"class":125},"setting",[42,23396,22660],{"class":2348},[42,23398,23399],{"class":64}," = ",[42,23401,9628],{"class":2348},[42,23403,2803],{"class":125},[42,23405,22660],{"class":2348},[42,23407,61],{"class":64},[42,23409,143],{"class":56},[14,23411,23412],{},[177,23413,2395],{},[33,23415,23417],{"className":35,"code":23416,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[17,23418,23419,23429,23439],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23420,23421,23424,23426],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23422,23423],{"class":114},"theme ",[42,23425,88],{"class":87},[42,23427,23428],{"class":114}," dark\n",[42,23430,23431,23434,23436],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23432,23433],{"class":114},"language ",[42,23435,88],{"class":87},[42,23437,23438],{"class":114}," English\n",[42,23440,23441,23444,23446],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23442,23443],{"class":114},"notifications ",[42,23445,88],{"class":87},[42,23447,6769],{"class":4190},[28,23449,1929],{"id":1928},[14,23451,23452,23453,122],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[17,23454,17437],{},[1073,23456,23458,23459,23461],{"id":23457},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[17,23460,17437],{}," incorrectly",[14,23463,23464,23465,23467,23468,23471],{},"Each result from ",[17,23466,17437],{}," has ",[177,23469,23470],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,23473,7035],{},[33,23475,23476],{"className":35,"code":21888,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,23477,23478,23514,23518,23538],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23479,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23481,13562],{"class":114},[42,23483,88],{"class":87},[42,23485,10842],{"class":56},[42,23487,61],{"class":60},[42,23489,8016],{"class":64},[42,23491,61],{"class":60},[42,23493,1935],{"class":56},[42,23495,73],{"class":60},[42,23497,13237],{"class":64},[42,23499,61],{"class":60},[42,23501,70],{"class":56},[42,23503,73],{"class":60},[42,23505,9649],{"class":64},[42,23507,61],{"class":60},[42,23509,1935],{"class":56},[42,23511,9656],{"class":2348},[42,23513,9659],{"class":56},[42,23515,23516],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23517,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,23519,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23521,6303],{"class":48},[42,23523,21937],{"class":114},[42,23525,70],{"class":56},[42,23527,21942],{"class":114},[42,23529,1299],{"class":48},[42,23531,13605],{"class":114},[42,23533,122],{"class":56},[42,23535,8159],{"class":125},[42,23537,21953],{"class":56},[42,23539,23540,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,23541,135],{"class":52},[42,23543,57],{"class":56},[42,23545,15198],{"class":125},[42,23547,70],{"class":56},[42,23549,8783],{"class":125},[42,23551,143],{"class":56},[14,23553,23554],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[33,23556,23558],{"className":35,"code":23557,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[17,23559,23560,23596,23600,23616],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23561,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23563,13562],{"class":114},[42,23565,88],{"class":87},[42,23567,10842],{"class":56},[42,23569,61],{"class":60},[42,23571,8016],{"class":64},[42,23573,61],{"class":60},[42,23575,1935],{"class":56},[42,23577,73],{"class":60},[42,23579,13237],{"class":64},[42,23581,61],{"class":60},[42,23583,70],{"class":56},[42,23585,73],{"class":60},[42,23587,9649],{"class":64},[42,23589,61],{"class":60},[42,23591,1935],{"class":56},[42,23593,9656],{"class":2348},[42,23595,9659],{"class":56},[42,23597,23598],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23599,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,23601,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23603,6303],{"class":48},[42,23605,18567],{"class":114},[42,23607,1299],{"class":48},[42,23609,13605],{"class":114},[42,23611,122],{"class":56},[42,23613,8159],{"class":125},[42,23615,21953],{"class":56},[42,23617,23618,23620,23622,23624],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,23619,135],{"class":52},[42,23621,57],{"class":56},[42,23623,15198],{"class":125},[42,23625,143],{"class":56},[14,23627,23628,23629,23631,23632,23635],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[17,23630,15198],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[17,23633,23634],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,23637,23638],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[33,23640,23642],{"className":35,"code":23641,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[17,23643,23644,23660],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23645,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23647,6303],{"class":48},[42,23649,6306],{"class":114},[42,23651,1299],{"class":48},[42,23653,13605],{"class":114},[42,23655,122],{"class":56},[42,23657,8159],{"class":125},[42,23659,21953],{"class":56},[42,23661,23662,23664,23666,23669],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23663,135],{"class":52},[42,23665,57],{"class":56},[42,23667,23668],{"class":125},"item",[42,23670,143],{"class":56},[14,23672,23673],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[33,23675,23677],{"className":35,"code":23676,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,23678,23679,23699],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23680,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23682,6303],{"class":48},[42,23684,21937],{"class":114},[42,23686,70],{"class":56},[42,23688,21942],{"class":114},[42,23690,1299],{"class":48},[42,23692,13605],{"class":114},[42,23694,122],{"class":56},[42,23696,8159],{"class":125},[42,23698,21953],{"class":56},[42,23700,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23702,135],{"class":52},[42,23704,57],{"class":56},[42,23706,15198],{"class":125},[42,23708,70],{"class":56},[42,23710,8783],{"class":125},[42,23712,143],{"class":56},[1073,23714,8803,23716,23718],{"id":23715},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[17,23717,17437],{}," to return a regular list",[14,23720,23721,751,23723,23725],{},[17,23722,17437],{},[17,23724,22266],{}," object, not a list.",[14,23727,23728],{},"Check it:",[33,23730,23732],{"className":35,"code":23731,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[17,23733,23734,23766,23770,23784,23802],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23735,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23737,12079],{"class":114},[42,23739,88],{"class":87},[42,23741,10842],{"class":56},[42,23743,61],{"class":60},[42,23745,693],{"class":64},[42,23747,61],{"class":60},[42,23749,1935],{"class":56},[42,23751,5842],{"class":2348},[42,23753,70],{"class":56},[42,23755,73],{"class":60},[42,23757,5102],{"class":64},[42,23759,61],{"class":60},[42,23761,1935],{"class":56},[42,23763,3325],{"class":2348},[42,23765,9659],{"class":56},[42,23767,23768],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23769,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,23771,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23773,284],{"class":52},[42,23775,57],{"class":56},[42,23777,11804],{"class":125},[42,23779,122],{"class":56},[42,23781,8159],{"class":125},[42,23783,584],{"class":56},[42,23785,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,23787,284],{"class":52},[42,23789,57],{"class":56},[42,23791,835],{"class":834},[42,23793,57],{"class":56},[42,23795,11804],{"class":125},[42,23797,122],{"class":56},[42,23799,8159],{"class":125},[42,23801,6636],{"class":56},[42,23803,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,23805,284],{"class":52},[42,23807,57],{"class":56},[42,23809,8443],{"class":834},[42,23811,57],{"class":56},[42,23813,11804],{"class":125},[42,23815,122],{"class":56},[42,23817,8159],{"class":125},[42,23819,6636],{"class":56},[14,23821,23822],{},[177,23823,2395],{},[33,23825,23827],{"className":35,"code":23826,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[17,23828,23829,23861,23875],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23830,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23832,22266],{"class":125},[42,23834,10008],{"class":56},[42,23836,868],{"class":60},[42,23838,693],{"class":64},[42,23840,868],{"class":60},[42,23842,70],{"class":56},[42,23844,5842],{"class":2348},[42,23846,9583],{"class":56},[42,23848,9586],{"class":56},[42,23850,868],{"class":60},[42,23852,5102],{"class":64},[42,23854,868],{"class":60},[42,23856,70],{"class":56},[42,23858,3325],{"class":2348},[42,23860,11031],{"class":56},[42,23862,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23864,855],{"class":87},[42,23866,859],{"class":858},[42,23868,862],{"class":60},[42,23870,22266],{"class":64},[42,23872,868],{"class":60},[42,23874,871],{"class":87},[42,23876,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23878,22098],{"class":56},[42,23880,868],{"class":60},[42,23882,693],{"class":64},[42,23884,868],{"class":60},[42,23886,70],{"class":56},[42,23888,5842],{"class":2348},[42,23890,9583],{"class":56},[42,23892,9586],{"class":56},[42,23894,868],{"class":60},[42,23896,5102],{"class":64},[42,23898,868],{"class":60},[42,23900,70],{"class":56},[42,23902,3325],{"class":2348},[42,23904,9599],{"class":56},[1073,23906,23908,23909],{"id":23907},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[17,23910,17437],{},[14,23912,23913],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23915,23916],{},"Problem example:",[33,23918,23920],{"className":35,"code":23919,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[17,23921,23922,23966,23970,23990,24002],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,23923,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,23925,3952],{"class":114},[42,23927,88],{"class":87},[42,23929,10842],{"class":56},[42,23931,61],{"class":60},[42,23933,693],{"class":64},[42,23935,61],{"class":60},[42,23937,1935],{"class":56},[42,23939,5842],{"class":2348},[42,23941,70],{"class":56},[42,23943,73],{"class":60},[42,23945,5102],{"class":64},[42,23947,61],{"class":60},[42,23949,1935],{"class":56},[42,23951,3325],{"class":2348},[42,23953,70],{"class":56},[42,23955,73],{"class":60},[42,23957,10090],{"class":64},[42,23959,61],{"class":60},[42,23961,1935],{"class":56},[42,23963,2781],{"class":2348},[42,23965,9659],{"class":56},[42,23967,23968],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,23969,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,23971,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,23973,6303],{"class":48},[42,23975,21937],{"class":114},[42,23977,70],{"class":56},[42,23979,21942],{"class":114},[42,23981,1299],{"class":48},[42,23983,4603],{"class":114},[42,23985,122],{"class":56},[42,23987,8159],{"class":125},[42,23989,21953],{"class":56},[42,23991,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,23993,6744],{"class":48},[42,23995,21942],{"class":114},[42,23997,5029],{"class":87},[42,23999,3325],{"class":2348},[42,24001,108],{"class":56},[42,24003,24004,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,24005,24006],{"class":114},"        numbers",[42,24008,4238],{"class":56},[42,24010,61],{"class":60},[42,24012,19126],{"class":64},[42,24014,61],{"class":60},[42,24016,13631],{"class":56},[42,24018,232],{"class":87},[42,24020,24021],{"class":2348}," 4\n",[14,24023,24024],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,24026,24027],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[33,24029,24031],{"className":35,"code":24030,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,24032,24033,24077,24081,24106,24118,24136,24140],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24034,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24036,3952],{"class":114},[42,24038,88],{"class":87},[42,24040,10842],{"class":56},[42,24042,61],{"class":60},[42,24044,693],{"class":64},[42,24046,61],{"class":60},[42,24048,1935],{"class":56},[42,24050,5842],{"class":2348},[42,24052,70],{"class":56},[42,24054,73],{"class":60},[42,24056,5102],{"class":64},[42,24058,61],{"class":60},[42,24060,1935],{"class":56},[42,24062,3325],{"class":2348},[42,24064,70],{"class":56},[42,24066,73],{"class":60},[42,24068,10090],{"class":64},[42,24070,61],{"class":60},[42,24072,1935],{"class":56},[42,24074,2781],{"class":2348},[42,24076,9659],{"class":56},[42,24078,24079],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24080,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,24082,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,24084,6303],{"class":48},[42,24086,21937],{"class":114},[42,24088,70],{"class":56},[42,24090,21942],{"class":114},[42,24092,1299],{"class":48},[42,24094,22917],{"class":834},[42,24096,57],{"class":56},[42,24098,3984],{"class":125},[42,24100,122],{"class":56},[42,24102,8159],{"class":125},[42,24104,24105],{"class":56},"()):\n",[42,24107,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,24109,6744],{"class":48},[42,24111,21942],{"class":114},[42,24113,5029],{"class":87},[42,24115,3325],{"class":2348},[42,24117,108],{"class":56},[42,24119,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,24121,24006],{"class":114},[42,24123,4238],{"class":56},[42,24125,61],{"class":60},[42,24127,19126],{"class":64},[42,24129,61],{"class":60},[42,24131,13631],{"class":56},[42,24133,232],{"class":87},[42,24135,24021],{"class":2348},[42,24137,24138],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,24139,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,24141,24142,24144,24146,24148],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,24143,284],{"class":52},[42,24145,57],{"class":56},[42,24147,3984],{"class":125},[42,24149,143],{"class":56},[1073,24151,24153],{"id":24152},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,24155,24156],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[33,24158,24160],{"className":35,"code":24159,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[17,24161,24162,24194,24198,24214],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24163,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24165,9516],{"class":114},[42,24167,88],{"class":87},[42,24169,10842],{"class":56},[42,24171,61],{"class":60},[42,24173,2498],{"class":64},[42,24175,61],{"class":60},[42,24177,1935],{"class":56},[42,24179,6350],{"class":2348},[42,24181,70],{"class":56},[42,24183,73],{"class":60},[42,24185,12100],{"class":64},[42,24187,61],{"class":60},[42,24189,1935],{"class":56},[42,24191,8139],{"class":2348},[42,24193,9659],{"class":56},[42,24195,24196],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24197,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,24199,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,24201,6303],{"class":48},[42,24203,6306],{"class":114},[42,24205,1299],{"class":48},[42,24207,14923],{"class":114},[42,24209,122],{"class":56},[42,24211,8159],{"class":125},[42,24213,21953],{"class":56},[42,24215,24216,24218,24220,24222],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,24217,135],{"class":52},[42,24219,57],{"class":56},[42,24221,23668],{"class":125},[42,24223,143],{"class":56},[14,24225,24226],{},[177,24227,2395],{},[33,24229,24231],{"className":35,"code":24230,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[17,24232,24233,24249],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24234,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243,24245,24247],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24236,57],{"class":56},[42,24238,868],{"class":60},[42,24240,2498],{"class":64},[42,24242,868],{"class":60},[42,24244,70],{"class":56},[42,24246,6350],{"class":2348},[42,24248,143],{"class":56},[42,24250,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24252,57],{"class":56},[42,24254,868],{"class":60},[42,24256,12100],{"class":64},[42,24258,868],{"class":60},[42,24260,70],{"class":56},[42,24262,8139],{"class":2348},[42,24264,143],{"class":56},[14,24266,24267,24268,24270],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[17,24269,22013],{}," pair.",[28,24272,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,24274,24276,24277,5488],{"id":24275},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[17,24278,17437],{},[14,24280,183,24281,24283],{},[17,24282,22266],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1073,24285,13060,24287,24289],{"id":24286},"does-items-return-a-list",[17,24288,17437],{}," return a list?",[14,24291,24292,24293,24296],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[17,24294,24295],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1073,24298,24300,24301,2823],{"id":24299},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[17,24302,17437],{},[14,24304,24305],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[33,24307,24309],{"className":35,"code":24308,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[17,24310,24311,24331],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24312,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24314,6303],{"class":48},[42,24316,21937],{"class":114},[42,24318,70],{"class":56},[42,24320,21942],{"class":114},[42,24322,1299],{"class":48},[42,24324,12121],{"class":114},[42,24326,122],{"class":56},[42,24328,8159],{"class":125},[42,24330,21953],{"class":56},[42,24332,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24334,135],{"class":52},[42,24336,57],{"class":56},[42,24338,15198],{"class":125},[42,24340,70],{"class":56},[42,24342,8783],{"class":125},[42,24344,143],{"class":56},[1073,24346,13060,24348,24350],{"id":24347},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[17,24349,17437],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,24352,24353],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[28,24355,2205],{"id":2204},[167,24357,24358,24364,24370,24375,24379],{},[170,24359,24360],{},[693,24361,11089,24362,11093],{"href":23244},[17,24363,17424],{},[170,24365,24366],{},[693,24367,11089,24368,11093],{"href":23252},[17,24369,17430],{},[170,24371,24372],{},[693,24373,24374],{"href":22831},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[170,24376,24377],{},[693,24378,9506],{"href":13380},[170,24380,24381],{},[693,24382,24383],{"href":22136},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2245,24385,24386],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":24388},[24389,24390,24392,24393,24394,24396,24397,24399,24401,24410,24420],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":21996,"depth":111,"text":24391},"What items() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":22327,"depth":111,"text":22328},{"id":22552,"depth":111,"text":24395},"Looping with items()",{"id":22835,"depth":111,"text":22836},{"id":23027,"depth":111,"text":24398},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23262,"depth":111,"text":24400},"When to use items()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":24402},[24403,24405,24407,24409],{"id":23457,"depth":132,"text":24404},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23715,"depth":132,"text":24406},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23907,"depth":132,"text":24408},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24152,"depth":132,"text":24153},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":24411},[24412,24414,24416,24418],{"id":24275,"depth":132,"text":24413},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24286,"depth":132,"text":24415},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24299,"depth":132,"text":24417},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24347,"depth":132,"text":24419},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21864,"description":24421},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24428,"title":24429,"body":24430,"description":26520,"extension":2285,"meta":26521,"navigation":2287,"path":23244,"seo":26522,"stem":26523,"__hash__":26524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24431,"toc":26486},[24432,24437,24443,24446,24457,24464,24466,24549,24553,24600,24605,24610,24615,24617,24633,24635,24734,24738,24795,24798,24800,24803,24896,24900,24963,24966,24982,24987,24989,24991,25006,25008,25019,25021,25064,25067,25110,25113,25115,25122,25125,25142,25144,25237,25241,25282,25294,25298,25301,25389,25393,25413,25416,25443,25450,25455,25459,25470,25472,25576,25580,25606,25609,25676,25681,25684,25707,25712,25716,25721,25727,25732,25734,25789,25793,25820,25827,25833,25836,25861,25867,25893,25896,25971,25978,25983,25985,26024,26042,26046,26049,26092,26095,26097,26116,26118,26123,26148,26151,26221,26224,26297,26301,26303,26364,26367,26383,26385,26390,26395,26402,26411,26417,26423,26430,26436,26440,26445,26447,26483],[10,24433,11672,24435,11676],{"id":24434},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[17,24436,17424],{},[14,24438,24439,24440,24442],{},"The Python dictionary ",[17,24441,17424],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24444,24445],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[167,24447,24448,24451,24454],{},[170,24449,24450],{},"view the available keys",[170,24452,24453],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[170,24455,24456],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,24458,24459,24461,24462,122],{},[17,24460,17424],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[17,24463,17373],{},[28,24465,31],{"id":30},[33,24467,24469],{"className":35,"code":24468,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[17,24470,24471,24507,24521,24525,24535],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24472,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24474,13220],{"class":114},[42,24476,88],{"class":87},[42,24478,10842],{"class":56},[42,24480,61],{"class":60},[42,24482,8016],{"class":64},[42,24484,61],{"class":60},[42,24486,1935],{"class":56},[42,24488,73],{"class":60},[42,24490,13237],{"class":64},[42,24492,61],{"class":60},[42,24494,70],{"class":56},[42,24496,73],{"class":60},[42,24498,9649],{"class":64},[42,24500,61],{"class":60},[42,24502,1935],{"class":56},[42,24504,8139],{"class":2348},[42,24506,9659],{"class":56},[42,24508,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24510,17601],{"class":114},[42,24512,88],{"class":87},[42,24514,13263],{"class":114},[42,24516,122],{"class":56},[42,24518,17282],{"class":125},[42,24520,129],{"class":56},[42,24522,24523],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,24524,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,24526,24527,24529,24531,24533],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,24528,284],{"class":52},[42,24530,57],{"class":56},[42,24532,17282],{"class":125},[42,24534,143],{"class":56},[42,24536,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,24538,284],{"class":52},[42,24540,57],{"class":56},[42,24542,8443],{"class":834},[42,24544,57],{"class":56},[42,24546,17282],{"class":125},[42,24548,842],{"class":56},[14,24550,24551],{},[177,24552,2395],{},[33,24554,24556],{"className":35,"code":24555,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[17,24557,24558,24580],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24559,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24561,17373],{"class":125},[42,24563,3317],{"class":56},[42,24565,868],{"class":60},[42,24567,8016],{"class":64},[42,24569,868],{"class":60},[42,24571,70],{"class":56},[42,24573,862],{"class":60},[42,24575,9649],{"class":64},[42,24577,868],{"class":60},[42,24579,4226],{"class":56},[42,24581,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24583,4238],{"class":56},[42,24585,868],{"class":60},[42,24587,8016],{"class":64},[42,24589,868],{"class":60},[42,24591,70],{"class":56},[42,24593,862],{"class":60},[42,24595,9649],{"class":64},[42,24597,868],{"class":60},[42,24599,3970],{"class":56},[14,24601,146,24602,24604],{},[17,24603,17424],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[28,24606,4013,24608,4016],{"id":24607},"what-keys-does",[17,24609,17424],{},[14,24611,24612,24614],{},[17,24613,17424],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,24616,165],{},[167,24618,24619,24622,24625,24630],{},[170,24620,24621],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[170,24623,24624],{},"It does not need any arguments",[170,24626,183,24627,24629],{},[17,24628,17373],{}," view object, not a list",[170,24631,24632],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,24634,219],{},[33,24636,24638],{"className":35,"code":24637,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[17,24639,24640,24676,24680,24694,24698,24720],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24641,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24643,13562],{"class":114},[42,24645,88],{"class":87},[42,24647,10842],{"class":56},[42,24649,61],{"class":60},[42,24651,8016],{"class":64},[42,24653,61],{"class":60},[42,24655,1935],{"class":56},[42,24657,73],{"class":60},[42,24659,13579],{"class":64},[42,24661,61],{"class":60},[42,24663,70],{"class":56},[42,24665,73],{"class":60},[42,24667,9649],{"class":64},[42,24669,61],{"class":60},[42,24671,1935],{"class":56},[42,24673,9656],{"class":2348},[42,24675,9659],{"class":56},[42,24677,24678],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24679,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,24681,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,24683,284],{"class":52},[42,24685,57],{"class":56},[42,24687,17666],{"class":125},[42,24689,122],{"class":56},[42,24691,17282],{"class":125},[42,24693,584],{"class":56},[42,24695,24696],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,24697,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,24699,24700,24702,24704,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716,24718],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,24701,17666],{"class":114},[42,24703,4238],{"class":56},[42,24705,61],{"class":60},[42,24707,10760],{"class":64},[42,24709,61],{"class":60},[42,24711,13631],{"class":56},[42,24713,232],{"class":87},[42,24715,73],{"class":60},[42,24717,10767],{"class":64},[42,24719,3689],{"class":60},[42,24721,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,24723,284],{"class":52},[42,24725,57],{"class":56},[42,24727,17666],{"class":125},[42,24729,122],{"class":56},[42,24731,17282],{"class":125},[42,24733,584],{"class":56},[14,24735,24736],{},[177,24737,2395],{},[33,24739,24741],{"className":35,"code":24740,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[17,24742,24743,24765],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24744,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24746,17373],{"class":125},[42,24748,3317],{"class":56},[42,24750,868],{"class":60},[42,24752,8016],{"class":64},[42,24754,868],{"class":60},[42,24756,70],{"class":56},[42,24758,862],{"class":60},[42,24760,9649],{"class":64},[42,24762,868],{"class":60},[42,24764,4226],{"class":56},[42,24766,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24768,17373],{"class":125},[42,24770,3317],{"class":56},[42,24772,868],{"class":60},[42,24774,8016],{"class":64},[42,24776,868],{"class":60},[42,24778,70],{"class":56},[42,24780,862],{"class":60},[42,24782,9649],{"class":64},[42,24784,868],{"class":60},[42,24786,70],{"class":56},[42,24788,862],{"class":60},[42,24790,10760],{"class":64},[42,24792,868],{"class":60},[42,24794,4226],{"class":56},[14,24796,24797],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[28,24799,6132],{"id":6131},[14,24801,24802],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[33,24804,24806],{"className":35,"code":24805,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[17,24807,24808,24860,24864,24878],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24809,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24811,9516],{"class":114},[42,24813,88],{"class":87},[42,24815,10842],{"class":56},[42,24817,61],{"class":60},[42,24819,8016],{"class":64},[42,24821,61],{"class":60},[42,24823,1935],{"class":56},[42,24825,73],{"class":60},[42,24827,13237],{"class":64},[42,24829,61],{"class":60},[42,24831,70],{"class":56},[42,24833,73],{"class":60},[42,24835,9649],{"class":64},[42,24837,61],{"class":60},[42,24839,1935],{"class":56},[42,24841,8139],{"class":2348},[42,24843,70],{"class":56},[42,24845,73],{"class":60},[42,24847,20250],{"class":64},[42,24849,61],{"class":60},[42,24851,1935],{"class":56},[42,24853,73],{"class":60},[42,24855,22602],{"class":64},[42,24857,61],{"class":60},[42,24859,9659],{"class":56},[42,24861,24862],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24863,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,24865,24866,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,24867,284],{"class":52},[42,24869,57],{"class":56},[42,24871,9554],{"class":125},[42,24873,122],{"class":56},[42,24875,17282],{"class":125},[42,24877,584],{"class":56},[42,24879,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,24881,284],{"class":52},[42,24883,57],{"class":56},[42,24885,8443],{"class":834},[42,24887,57],{"class":56},[42,24889,9554],{"class":125},[42,24891,122],{"class":56},[42,24893,17282],{"class":125},[42,24895,6636],{"class":56},[14,24897,24898],{},[177,24899,2395],{},[33,24901,24903],{"className":35,"code":24902,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[17,24904,24905,24935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24906,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24908,17373],{"class":125},[42,24910,3317],{"class":56},[42,24912,868],{"class":60},[42,24914,8016],{"class":64},[42,24916,868],{"class":60},[42,24918,70],{"class":56},[42,24920,862],{"class":60},[42,24922,9649],{"class":64},[42,24924,868],{"class":60},[42,24926,70],{"class":56},[42,24928,862],{"class":60},[42,24930,20250],{"class":64},[42,24932,868],{"class":60},[42,24934,4226],{"class":56},[42,24936,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,24938,4238],{"class":56},[42,24940,868],{"class":60},[42,24942,8016],{"class":64},[42,24944,868],{"class":60},[42,24946,70],{"class":56},[42,24948,862],{"class":60},[42,24950,9649],{"class":64},[42,24952,868],{"class":60},[42,24954,70],{"class":56},[42,24956,862],{"class":60},[42,24958,20250],{"class":64},[42,24960,868],{"class":60},[42,24962,3970],{"class":56},[14,24964,24965],{},"This shows two things:",[167,24967,24968,24976],{},[170,24969,24970,751,24973,24975],{},[17,24971,24972],{},"data.keys()",[17,24974,17373],{}," object",[170,24977,24978,24981],{},[17,24979,24980],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24983,9502,24984,122],{},[693,24985,24986],{"href":9741},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[28,24988,5775],{"id":5774},[14,24990,2484],{},[33,24992,24994],{"className":35,"code":24993,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict.keys()\n",[17,24995,24996],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,24997,24998,25000,25002,25004],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,24999,11804],{"class":114},[42,25001,122],{"class":56},[42,25003,17282],{"class":125},[42,25005,129],{"class":56},[14,25007,22158],{},[167,25009,25010,25013,25016],{},[170,25011,25012],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[170,25014,25015],{},"It takes no parameters",[170,25017,25018],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,25020,17014],{},[33,25022,25024],{"className":35,"code":25023,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[17,25025,25026,25050],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25027,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25029,13220],{"class":114},[42,25031,88],{"class":87},[42,25033,10842],{"class":56},[42,25035,61],{"class":60},[42,25037,8016],{"class":64},[42,25039,61],{"class":60},[42,25041,1935],{"class":56},[42,25043,73],{"class":60},[42,25045,13237],{"class":64},[42,25047,61],{"class":60},[42,25049,9659],{"class":56},[42,25051,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25053,284],{"class":52},[42,25055,57],{"class":56},[42,25057,13983],{"class":125},[42,25059,122],{"class":56},[42,25061,17282],{"class":125},[42,25063,584],{"class":56},[14,25065,25066],{},"Incorrect:",[33,25068,25070],{"className":35,"code":25069,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[17,25071,25072,25096],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25073,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25075,13220],{"class":114},[42,25077,88],{"class":87},[42,25079,10842],{"class":56},[42,25081,61],{"class":60},[42,25083,8016],{"class":64},[42,25085,61],{"class":60},[42,25087,1935],{"class":56},[42,25089,73],{"class":60},[42,25091,13237],{"class":64},[42,25093,61],{"class":60},[42,25095,9659],{"class":56},[42,25097,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25099,284],{"class":52},[42,25101,57],{"class":56},[42,25103,13983],{"class":125},[42,25105,122],{"class":56},[42,25107,17282],{"class":2022},[42,25109,143],{"class":56},[14,25111,25112],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[28,25114,17778],{"id":17777},[14,25116,25117,751,25119,25121],{},[17,25118,17424],{},[17,25120,17373],{}," object.",[14,25123,25124],{},"This object:",[167,25126,25127,25130,25133,25139],{},[170,25128,25129],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[170,25131,25132],{},"can be used in a loop",[170,25134,25135,25136],{},"can be converted with ",[17,25137,25138],{},"list()",[170,25140,25141],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,25143,219],{},[33,25145,25147],{"className":35,"code":25146,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,25148,25149,25190,25194,25209,25213,25223],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25150,25151,25154,25156,25158,25160,25163,25165,25167,25169,25172,25174,25176,25178,25181,25183,25185,25188],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25152,25153],{"class":114},"car ",[42,25155,88],{"class":87},[42,25157,10842],{"class":56},[42,25159,61],{"class":60},[42,25161,25162],{"class":64},"brand",[42,25164,61],{"class":60},[42,25166,1935],{"class":56},[42,25168,73],{"class":60},[42,25170,25171],{"class":64},"Toyota",[42,25173,61],{"class":60},[42,25175,70],{"class":56},[42,25177,73],{"class":60},[42,25179,25180],{"class":64},"year",[42,25182,61],{"class":60},[42,25184,1935],{"class":56},[42,25186,25187],{"class":2348}," 2020",[42,25189,9659],{"class":56},[42,25191,25192],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25193,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,25195,25196,25198,25200,25203,25205,25207],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,25197,2555],{"class":114},[42,25199,88],{"class":87},[42,25201,25202],{"class":114}," car",[42,25204,122],{"class":56},[42,25206,17282],{"class":125},[42,25208,129],{"class":56},[42,25210,25211],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,25212,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,25214,25215,25217,25219,25221],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,25216,284],{"class":52},[42,25218,57],{"class":56},[42,25220,2592],{"class":125},[42,25222,143],{"class":56},[42,25224,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,25226,284],{"class":52},[42,25228,57],{"class":56},[42,25230,835],{"class":834},[42,25232,57],{"class":56},[42,25234,2592],{"class":125},[42,25236,842],{"class":56},[14,25238,25239],{},[177,25240,2395],{},[33,25242,25244],{"className":35,"code":25243,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[17,25245,25246,25268],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25247,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262,25264,25266],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25249,17373],{"class":125},[42,25251,3317],{"class":56},[42,25253,868],{"class":60},[42,25255,25162],{"class":64},[42,25257,868],{"class":60},[42,25259,70],{"class":56},[42,25261,862],{"class":60},[42,25263,25180],{"class":64},[42,25265,868],{"class":60},[42,25267,4226],{"class":56},[42,25269,25270,25272,25274,25276,25278,25280],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25271,855],{"class":87},[42,25273,859],{"class":858},[42,25275,862],{"class":60},[42,25277,17373],{"class":64},[42,25279,868],{"class":60},[42,25281,871],{"class":87},[14,25283,25284,25285,25289,25290,122],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[693,25286,11089,25287,11093],{"href":17427},[17,25288,17430],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[693,25291,11089,25292,11093],{"href":17434},[17,25293,17437],{},[28,25295,25297],{"id":25296},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,25299,25300],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[33,25302,25304],{"className":35,"code":25303,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[17,25305,25306,25359,25363,25379],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25307,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25355,25357],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25309,13220],{"class":114},[42,25311,88],{"class":87},[42,25313,10842],{"class":56},[42,25315,61],{"class":60},[42,25317,8016],{"class":64},[42,25319,61],{"class":60},[42,25321,1935],{"class":56},[42,25323,73],{"class":60},[42,25325,13237],{"class":64},[42,25327,61],{"class":60},[42,25329,70],{"class":56},[42,25331,73],{"class":60},[42,25333,9649],{"class":64},[42,25335,61],{"class":60},[42,25337,1935],{"class":56},[42,25339,8139],{"class":2348},[42,25341,70],{"class":56},[42,25343,73],{"class":60},[42,25345,15686],{"class":64},[42,25347,61],{"class":60},[42,25349,1935],{"class":56},[42,25351,73],{"class":60},[42,25353,25354],{"class":64},"Math",[42,25356,61],{"class":60},[42,25358,9659],{"class":56},[42,25360,25361],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25362,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,25364,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,25366,6303],{"class":48},[42,25368,18567],{"class":114},[42,25370,1299],{"class":48},[42,25372,13263],{"class":114},[42,25374,122],{"class":56},[42,25376,17282],{"class":125},[42,25378,21953],{"class":56},[42,25380,25381,25383,25385,25387],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,25382,135],{"class":52},[42,25384,57],{"class":56},[42,25386,15198],{"class":125},[42,25388,143],{"class":56},[14,25390,25391],{},[177,25392,2395],{},[33,25394,25396],{"className":35,"code":25395,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[17,25397,25398,25403,25408],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25399,25400],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25401,25402],{"class":114},"name\n",[42,25404,25405],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25406,25407],{"class":114},"age\n",[42,25409,25410],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,25411,25412],{"class":114},"course\n",[14,25414,25415],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[33,25417,25419],{"className":35,"code":25418,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[17,25420,25421,25433],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25422,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25424,6303],{"class":48},[42,25426,18567],{"class":114},[42,25428,1299],{"class":48},[42,25430,13263],{"class":114},[42,25432,108],{"class":56},[42,25434,25435,25437,25439,25441],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25436,135],{"class":52},[42,25438,57],{"class":56},[42,25440,15198],{"class":125},[42,25442,143],{"class":56},[14,25444,25445,25446,25449],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[17,25447,25448],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[28,25451,5303,25453],{"id":25452},"when-to-use-keys",[17,25454,17424],{},[14,25456,146,25457,10953],{},[17,25458,17424],{},[167,25460,25461,25464,25467],{},[170,25462,25463],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[170,25465,25466],{},"you want to display available fields",[170,25468,25469],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,25471,219],{},[33,25473,25475],{"className":35,"code":25474,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[17,25476,25477,25530,25534,25549,25566],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25478,25479,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25499,25501,25503,25505,25508,25510,25512,25515,25517,25519,25522,25524,25526,25528],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25480,25481],{"class":114},"product ",[42,25483,88],{"class":87},[42,25485,10842],{"class":56},[42,25487,61],{"class":60},[42,25489,8016],{"class":64},[42,25491,61],{"class":60},[42,25493,1935],{"class":56},[42,25495,73],{"class":60},[42,25497,25498],{"class":64},"Book",[42,25500,61],{"class":60},[42,25502,70],{"class":56},[42,25504,73],{"class":60},[42,25506,25507],{"class":64},"price",[42,25509,61],{"class":60},[42,25511,1935],{"class":56},[42,25513,25514],{"class":2348}," 12.99",[42,25516,70],{"class":56},[42,25518,73],{"class":60},[42,25520,25521],{"class":64},"stock",[42,25523,61],{"class":60},[42,25525,1935],{"class":56},[42,25527,4946],{"class":2348},[42,25529,9659],{"class":56},[42,25531,25532],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25533,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,25535,25536,25538,25540,25542,25545,25547],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,25537,284],{"class":52},[42,25539,57],{"class":56},[42,25541,61],{"class":60},[42,25543,25544],{"class":64},"Available fields:",[42,25546,61],{"class":60},[42,25548,143],{"class":56},[42,25550,25551,25553,25555,25557,25560,25562,25564],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,25552,6303],{"class":48},[42,25554,18567],{"class":114},[42,25556,1299],{"class":48},[42,25558,25559],{"class":114}," product",[42,25561,122],{"class":56},[42,25563,17282],{"class":125},[42,25565,21953],{"class":56},[42,25567,25568,25570,25572,25574],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,25569,135],{"class":52},[42,25571,57],{"class":56},[42,25573,15198],{"class":125},[42,25575,143],{"class":56},[14,25577,25578],{},[177,25579,2395],{},[33,25581,25583],{"className":35,"code":25582,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[17,25584,25585,25592,25596,25601],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25586,25587,25590],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25588,25589],{"class":114},"Available fields",[42,25591,108],{"class":56},[42,25593,25594],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25595,25402],{"class":114},[42,25597,25598],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,25599,25600],{"class":114},"price\n",[42,25602,25603],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,25604,25605],{"class":114},"stock\n",[14,25607,25608],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[33,25610,25612],{"className":35,"code":25611,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[17,25613,25614,25650,25654],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25615,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25617,25481],{"class":114},[42,25619,88],{"class":87},[42,25621,10842],{"class":56},[42,25623,61],{"class":60},[42,25625,8016],{"class":64},[42,25627,61],{"class":60},[42,25629,1935],{"class":56},[42,25631,73],{"class":60},[42,25633,25498],{"class":64},[42,25635,61],{"class":60},[42,25637,70],{"class":56},[42,25639,73],{"class":60},[42,25641,25507],{"class":64},[42,25643,61],{"class":60},[42,25645,1935],{"class":56},[42,25647,25514],{"class":2348},[42,25649,9659],{"class":56},[42,25651,25652],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25653,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,25655,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672,25674],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,25657,284],{"class":52},[42,25659,57],{"class":56},[42,25661,61],{"class":60},[42,25663,8016],{"class":64},[42,25665,61],{"class":60},[42,25667,21531],{"class":48},[42,25669,25559],{"class":125},[42,25671,122],{"class":56},[42,25673,17282],{"class":125},[42,25675,584],{"class":56},[14,25677,25678,25679,122],{},"This works and returns ",[17,25680,3937],{},[14,25682,25683],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[33,25685,25687],{"className":35,"code":25686,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[17,25688,25689],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25690,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701,25703,25705],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25692,284],{"class":52},[42,25694,57],{"class":56},[42,25696,61],{"class":60},[42,25698,8016],{"class":64},[42,25700,61],{"class":60},[42,25702,21531],{"class":48},[42,25704,25559],{"class":125},[42,25706,143],{"class":56},[14,25708,25709,25710,122],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[693,25711,21564],{"href":17512},[28,25713,25715],{"id":25714},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,25717,25718,25719,122],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[17,25720,17424],{},[1073,25722,8803,25724,25726],{"id":25723},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[17,25725,17424],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,25728,25729,25731],{},[17,25730,17424],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,25733,219],{},[33,25735,25737],{"className":35,"code":25736,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[17,25738,25739,25775],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25740,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769,25771,25773],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25742,9516],{"class":114},[42,25744,88],{"class":87},[42,25746,10842],{"class":56},[42,25748,61],{"class":60},[42,25750,8016],{"class":64},[42,25752,61],{"class":60},[42,25754,1935],{"class":56},[42,25756,73],{"class":60},[42,25758,13237],{"class":64},[42,25760,61],{"class":60},[42,25762,70],{"class":56},[42,25764,73],{"class":60},[42,25766,9649],{"class":64},[42,25768,61],{"class":60},[42,25770,1935],{"class":56},[42,25772,8139],{"class":2348},[42,25774,9659],{"class":56},[42,25776,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25778,284],{"class":52},[42,25780,57],{"class":56},[42,25782,9554],{"class":125},[42,25784,122],{"class":56},[42,25786,17282],{"class":125},[42,25788,584],{"class":56},[14,25790,25791],{},[177,25792,2395],{},[33,25794,25796],{"className":35,"code":25795,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[17,25797,25798],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25799,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25801,17373],{"class":125},[42,25803,3317],{"class":56},[42,25805,868],{"class":60},[42,25807,8016],{"class":64},[42,25809,868],{"class":60},[42,25811,70],{"class":56},[42,25813,862],{"class":60},[42,25815,9649],{"class":64},[42,25817,868],{"class":60},[42,25819,4226],{"class":56},[14,25821,25822,25823,122],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[693,25824,25825],{"href":17434},[17,25826,17437],{},[1073,25828,25830,25831],{"id":25829},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[17,25832,17373],{},[14,25834,25835],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[33,25837,25839],{"className":35,"code":25838,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['name', 'age']\n",[17,25840,25841],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25842,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851,25853,25855,25857,25859],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25844,4238],{"class":56},[42,25846,868],{"class":60},[42,25848,8016],{"class":64},[42,25850,868],{"class":60},[42,25852,70],{"class":56},[42,25854,862],{"class":60},[42,25856,9649],{"class":64},[42,25858,868],{"class":60},[42,25860,3970],{"class":56},[14,25862,25863,25864,25866],{},"But ",[17,25865,17424],{}," returns:",[33,25868,25869],{"className":35,"code":25795,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,25870,25871],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25872,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25874,17373],{"class":125},[42,25876,3317],{"class":56},[42,25878,868],{"class":60},[42,25880,8016],{"class":64},[42,25882,868],{"class":60},[42,25884,70],{"class":56},[42,25886,862],{"class":60},[42,25888,9649],{"class":64},[42,25890,868],{"class":60},[42,25892,4226],{"class":56},[14,25894,25895],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[33,25897,25899],{"className":35,"code":25898,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[17,25900,25901,25937,25956,25960],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25902,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25904,9516],{"class":114},[42,25906,88],{"class":87},[42,25908,10842],{"class":56},[42,25910,61],{"class":60},[42,25912,8016],{"class":64},[42,25914,61],{"class":60},[42,25916,1935],{"class":56},[42,25918,73],{"class":60},[42,25920,13237],{"class":64},[42,25922,61],{"class":60},[42,25924,70],{"class":56},[42,25926,73],{"class":60},[42,25928,9649],{"class":64},[42,25930,61],{"class":60},[42,25932,1935],{"class":56},[42,25934,8139],{"class":2348},[42,25936,9659],{"class":56},[42,25938,25939,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,25940,25941],{"class":114},"key_list ",[42,25943,88],{"class":87},[42,25945,22917],{"class":834},[42,25947,57],{"class":56},[42,25949,9554],{"class":125},[42,25951,122],{"class":56},[42,25953,17282],{"class":125},[42,25955,584],{"class":56},[42,25957,25958],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,25959,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,25961,25962,25964,25966,25969],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,25963,284],{"class":52},[42,25965,57],{"class":56},[42,25967,25968],{"class":125},"key_list",[42,25970,143],{"class":56},[1073,25972,25974,25975,25977],{"id":25973},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[17,25976,17424],{}," on a list or string",[14,25979,25980,25982],{},[17,25981,17424],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25984,3168],{},[33,25986,25988],{"className":35,"code":25987,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[17,25989,25990,26010],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,25991,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,25993,3952],{"class":114},[42,25995,88],{"class":87},[42,25997,3957],{"class":56},[42,25999,3320],{"class":2348},[42,26001,70],{"class":56},[42,26003,3325],{"class":2348},[42,26005,70],{"class":56},[42,26007,2781],{"class":2348},[42,26009,3970],{"class":56},[42,26011,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26013,284],{"class":52},[42,26015,57],{"class":56},[42,26017,3984],{"class":125},[42,26019,122],{"class":56},[42,26021,17282],{"class":125},[42,26023,584],{"class":56},[14,26025,26026,26027,26030,26031,26033,26034,122],{},"You may get an ",[17,26028,26029],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[17,26032,17424],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[693,26035,26037,26038,26041],{"href":26036},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[17,26039,26040],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1073,26043,26045],{"id":26044},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,26047,26048],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[33,26050,26052],{"className":35,"code":26051,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[17,26053,26054,26078],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26055,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26057,9516],{"class":114},[42,26059,88],{"class":87},[42,26061,10842],{"class":56},[42,26063,61],{"class":60},[42,26065,8016],{"class":64},[42,26067,61],{"class":60},[42,26069,1935],{"class":56},[42,26071,73],{"class":60},[42,26073,13237],{"class":64},[42,26075,61],{"class":60},[42,26077,9659],{"class":56},[42,26079,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26081,284],{"class":52},[42,26083,57],{"class":56},[42,26085,9554],{"class":125},[42,26087,122],{"class":56},[42,26089,17282],{"class":2022},[42,26091,143],{"class":56},[14,26093,26094],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,26096,19053],{},[33,26098,26100],{"className":35,"code":26099,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(data.keys())\n",[17,26101,26102],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26103,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26105,284],{"class":52},[42,26107,57],{"class":56},[42,26109,9554],{"class":125},[42,26111,122],{"class":56},[42,26113,17282],{"class":125},[42,26115,584],{"class":56},[28,26117,1929],{"id":1928},[14,26119,26120,26121,1935],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[17,26122,17424],{},[167,26124,26125,26130,26136,26142],{},[170,26126,1940,26127,26129],{},[17,26128,17424],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[170,26131,26132,26133,26135],{},"Thinking ",[17,26134,17424],{}," returns values too",[170,26137,26138,26139,26141],{},"Trying to index ",[17,26140,17373],{}," like a normal list",[170,26143,26144,26145,26147],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[17,26146,17373],{}," to a list when needed",[14,26149,26150],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[33,26152,26154],{"className":35,"code":26153,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[17,26155,26156,26188,26202,26206,26216],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26157,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26159,9516],{"class":114},[42,26161,88],{"class":87},[42,26163,10842],{"class":56},[42,26165,61],{"class":60},[42,26167,693],{"class":64},[42,26169,61],{"class":60},[42,26171,1935],{"class":56},[42,26173,5842],{"class":2348},[42,26175,70],{"class":56},[42,26177,73],{"class":60},[42,26179,5102],{"class":64},[42,26181,61],{"class":60},[42,26183,1935],{"class":56},[42,26185,3325],{"class":2348},[42,26187,9659],{"class":56},[42,26189,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26191,17601],{"class":114},[42,26193,88],{"class":87},[42,26195,14923],{"class":114},[42,26197,122],{"class":56},[42,26199,17282],{"class":125},[42,26201,129],{"class":56},[42,26203,26204],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,26205,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,26207,26208,26210,26212,26214],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,26209,284],{"class":52},[42,26211,57],{"class":56},[42,26213,17282],{"class":125},[42,26215,143],{"class":56},[42,26217,26218],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,26219,26220],{"class":525},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,26222,26223],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[33,26225,26227],{"className":35,"code":26226,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[17,26228,26229,26261,26279,26283],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26230,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26232,9516],{"class":114},[42,26234,88],{"class":87},[42,26236,10842],{"class":56},[42,26238,61],{"class":60},[42,26240,693],{"class":64},[42,26242,61],{"class":60},[42,26244,1935],{"class":56},[42,26246,5842],{"class":2348},[42,26248,70],{"class":56},[42,26250,73],{"class":60},[42,26252,5102],{"class":64},[42,26254,61],{"class":60},[42,26256,1935],{"class":56},[42,26258,3325],{"class":2348},[42,26260,9659],{"class":56},[42,26262,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26264,17601],{"class":114},[42,26266,88],{"class":87},[42,26268,22917],{"class":834},[42,26270,57],{"class":56},[42,26272,9554],{"class":125},[42,26274,122],{"class":56},[42,26276,17282],{"class":125},[42,26278,584],{"class":56},[42,26280,26281],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,26282,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,26284,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,26286,284],{"class":52},[42,26288,57],{"class":56},[42,26290,17282],{"class":125},[42,26292,4238],{"class":56},[42,26294,2445],{"class":2348},[42,26296,4226],{"class":56},[28,26298,26300],{"id":26299},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,26302,11466],{},[33,26304,26306],{"className":35,"code":26305,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[17,26307,26308,26322,26332,26346],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26309,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26311,284],{"class":52},[42,26313,57],{"class":56},[42,26315,835],{"class":834},[42,26317,57],{"class":56},[42,26319,11804],{"class":125},[42,26321,842],{"class":56},[42,26323,26324,26326,26328,26330],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26325,284],{"class":52},[42,26327,57],{"class":56},[42,26329,11804],{"class":125},[42,26331,143],{"class":56},[42,26333,26334,26336,26338,26340,26342,26344],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,26335,284],{"class":52},[42,26337,57],{"class":56},[42,26339,11804],{"class":125},[42,26341,122],{"class":56},[42,26343,17282],{"class":125},[42,26345,584],{"class":56},[42,26347,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,26349,284],{"class":52},[42,26351,57],{"class":56},[42,26353,8443],{"class":834},[42,26355,57],{"class":56},[42,26357,11804],{"class":125},[42,26359,122],{"class":56},[42,26361,17282],{"class":125},[42,26363,6636],{"class":56},[14,26365,26366],{},"These help you confirm:",[167,26368,26369,26372,26375,26380],{},[170,26370,26371],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[170,26373,26374],{},"what data it contains",[170,26376,26377,26378,12060],{},"what ",[17,26379,17424],{},[170,26381,26382],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[28,26384,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,26386,24276,26388,5488],{"id":26387},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[17,26389,17424],{},[14,26391,183,26392,26394],{},[17,26393,17373],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1073,26396,15260,26398,26401],{"id":26397},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[17,26399,26400],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,26403,26404,26405,26407,26408,122],{},"No. It returns a ",[17,26406,17373],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[17,26409,26410],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1073,26412,26414,26415,2823],{"id":26413},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[17,26416,26400],{},[14,26418,26419,26420,26422],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[17,26421,6303],{}," loop.",[1073,26424,26426,26427,26429],{"id":26425},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[17,26428,17424],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,26431,26432,26433,26435],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[17,26434,17424],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1073,26437,26439],{"id":26438},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,26441,146,26442,122],{},[17,26443,26444],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[28,26446,2205],{"id":2204},[167,26448,26449,26454,26460,26466,26472,26476],{},[170,26450,26451],{},[693,26452,26453],{"href":9741},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[170,26455,26456],{},[693,26457,11089,26458,11093],{"href":17427},[17,26459,17430],{},[170,26461,26462],{},[693,26463,11089,26464,11093],{"href":17434},[17,26465,17437],{},[170,26467,26468],{},[693,26469,26471],{"href":26470},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[170,26473,26474],{},[693,26475,17513],{"href":17512},[170,26477,26478],{},[693,26479,26480,26481,26041],{"href":26036},"How to fix ",[17,26482,26040],{},[2245,26484,26485],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":26487},[26488,26489,26491,26492,26493,26494,26495,26497,26506,26507,26508,26519],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":24607,"depth":111,"text":26490},"What keys() does",{"id":6131,"depth":111,"text":6132},{"id":5774,"depth":111,"text":5775},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":25296,"depth":111,"text":25297},{"id":25452,"depth":111,"text":26496},"When to use keys()",{"id":25714,"depth":111,"text":25715,"children":26498},[26499,26501,26503,26505],{"id":25723,"depth":132,"text":26500},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25829,"depth":132,"text":26502},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25973,"depth":132,"text":26504},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":26044,"depth":132,"text":26045},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":26299,"depth":111,"text":26300},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":26509},[26510,26512,26514,26516,26518],{"id":26387,"depth":132,"text":26511},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26397,"depth":132,"text":26513},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26413,"depth":132,"text":26515},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26425,"depth":132,"text":26517},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26438,"depth":132,"text":26439},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24429,"description":26520},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26526,"title":26527,"body":26528,"description":28801,"extension":2285,"meta":28802,"navigation":2287,"path":28803,"seo":28804,"stem":28805,"__hash__":28806},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26529,"toc":28754},[26530,26535,26540,26543,26545,26691,26704,26709,26713,26727,26729,26832,26841,26843,26846,26884,26909,26911,27018,27020,27027,27030,27038,27040,27181,27189,27194,27198,27209,27211,27373,27376,27384,27391,27397,27494,27500,27577,27580,27592,27597,27603,27606,27610,27699,27702,27706,27810,27817,27904,27913,27915,27920,27926,27929,27975,27978,28044,28053,28059,28152,28158,28164,28207,28210,28275,28281,28373,28376,28380,28386,28411,28414,28510,28517,28519,28524,28615,28617,28645,28650,28652,28659,28662,28666,28676,28681,28684,28691,28701,28708,28716,28718,28751],[10,26531,11672,26533,11676],{"id":26532},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[17,26534,13119],{},[14,26536,26537,26539],{},[17,26538,12925],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,26541,26542],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[28,26544,3942],{"id":3941},[33,26546,26548],{"className":35,"code":26547,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[17,26549,26550,26586,26610,26624,26637,26641,26646,26678],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26551,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582,26584],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26553,13562],{"class":114},[42,26555,88],{"class":87},[42,26557,10842],{"class":56},[42,26559,61],{"class":60},[42,26561,8016],{"class":64},[42,26563,61],{"class":60},[42,26565,1935],{"class":56},[42,26567,73],{"class":60},[42,26569,13237],{"class":64},[42,26571,61],{"class":60},[42,26573,70],{"class":56},[42,26575,73],{"class":60},[42,26577,9649],{"class":64},[42,26579,61],{"class":60},[42,26581,1935],{"class":56},[42,26583,9656],{"class":2348},[42,26585,9659],{"class":56},[42,26587,26588,26591,26593,26595,26597,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26589,26590],{"class":114},"removed_age ",[42,26592,88],{"class":87},[42,26594,13605],{"class":114},[42,26596,122],{"class":56},[42,26598,26599],{"class":125},"pop",[42,26601,57],{"class":56},[42,26603,61],{"class":60},[42,26605,9649],{"class":64},[42,26607,61],{"class":60},[42,26609,143],{"class":56},[42,26611,26612,26614,26616,26619,26621],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,26613,284],{"class":52},[42,26615,57],{"class":56},[42,26617,26618],{"class":125},"removed_age",[42,26620,98],{"class":56},[42,26622,26623],{"class":525},"   # 25\n",[42,26625,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,26627,284],{"class":52},[42,26629,57],{"class":56},[42,26631,17666],{"class":125},[42,26633,98],{"class":56},[42,26635,26636],{"class":525},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[42,26638,26639],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,26640,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,26642,26643],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,26644,26645],{"class":525},"# Safe version with default value\n",[42,26647,26648,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26674,26676],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,26649,26650],{"class":114},"country ",[42,26652,88],{"class":87},[42,26654,13605],{"class":114},[42,26656,122],{"class":56},[42,26658,26599],{"class":125},[42,26660,57],{"class":56},[42,26662,61],{"class":60},[42,26664,15619],{"class":64},[42,26666,61],{"class":60},[42,26668,70],{"class":56},[42,26670,73],{"class":60},[42,26672,26673],{"class":64},"Not found",[42,26675,61],{"class":60},[42,26677,143],{"class":56},[42,26679,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,26681,284],{"class":52},[42,26683,57],{"class":56},[42,26685,15619],{"class":125},[42,26687,98],{"class":56},[42,26689,26690],{"class":525},"       # Not found\n",[14,26692,146,26693,26696,26697,26700,26701,26703],{},[17,26694,26695],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[17,26698,26699],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[17,26702,20046],{}," when the key might not exist.",[28,26705,4013,26707,4016],{"id":26706},"what-dictpop-does",[17,26708,12925],{},[14,26710,26711,1935],{},[17,26712,12925],{},[167,26714,26715,26718,26721,26724],{},[170,26716,26717],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[170,26719,26720],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[170,26722,26723],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[170,26725,26726],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,26728,219],{},[33,26730,26732],{"className":35,"code":26731,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[17,26733,26734,26774,26778,26801,26805,26819],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26735,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26737,11842],{"class":114},[42,26739,88],{"class":87},[42,26741,10842],{"class":56},[42,26743,61],{"class":60},[42,26745,8016],{"class":64},[42,26747,61],{"class":60},[42,26749,1935],{"class":56},[42,26751,73],{"class":60},[42,26753,13579],{"class":64},[42,26755,61],{"class":60},[42,26757,70],{"class":56},[42,26759,73],{"class":60},[42,26761,10760],{"class":64},[42,26763,61],{"class":60},[42,26765,1935],{"class":56},[42,26767,73],{"class":60},[42,26769,10767],{"class":64},[42,26771,61],{"class":60},[42,26773,9659],{"class":56},[42,26775,26776],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26777,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,26779,26780,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,26781,26782],{"class":114},"removed_city ",[42,26784,88],{"class":87},[42,26786,11925],{"class":114},[42,26788,122],{"class":56},[42,26790,26599],{"class":125},[42,26792,57],{"class":56},[42,26794,61],{"class":60},[42,26796,10760],{"class":64},[42,26798,61],{"class":60},[42,26800,143],{"class":56},[42,26802,26803],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,26804,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,26806,26807,26809,26811,26814,26816],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,26808,284],{"class":52},[42,26810,57],{"class":56},[42,26812,26813],{"class":125},"removed_city",[42,26815,98],{"class":56},[42,26817,26818],{"class":525},"  # Paris\n",[42,26820,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,26822,284],{"class":52},[42,26824,57],{"class":56},[42,26826,11936],{"class":125},[42,26828,98],{"class":56},[42,26830,26831],{"class":525},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26833,21129,26834,26837,26838,122],{},[17,26835,26836],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[17,26839,26840],{},"\"Paris\"",[28,26842,312],{"id":311},[14,26844,26845],{},"There are two common forms:",[33,26847,26849],{"className":35,"code":26848,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[17,26850,26851,26865],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26852,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26854,11804],{"class":114},[42,26856,122],{"class":56},[42,26858,26599],{"class":125},[42,26860,57],{"class":56},[42,26862,15198],{"class":125},[42,26864,143],{"class":56},[42,26866,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26882],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26868,11804],{"class":114},[42,26870,122],{"class":56},[42,26872,26599],{"class":125},[42,26874,57],{"class":56},[42,26876,15198],{"class":125},[42,26878,70],{"class":56},[42,26880,26881],{"class":125}," default",[42,26883,143],{"class":56},[167,26885,26886,26892,26900,26906],{},[170,26887,26888,26891],{},[17,26889,26890],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[170,26893,26894,26896,26897,26899],{},[17,26895,26890],{}," raises ",[17,26898,20046],{}," if the key is missing",[170,26901,26902,26905],{},[17,26903,26904],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[170,26907,26908],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26910,219],{},[33,26912,26914],{"className":35,"code":26913,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[17,26915,26916,26948,26952,26977,27005],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,26917,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,26919,5406],{"class":114},[42,26921,88],{"class":87},[42,26923,10842],{"class":56},[42,26925,61],{"class":60},[42,26927,18775],{"class":64},[42,26929,61],{"class":60},[42,26931,1935],{"class":56},[42,26933,20257],{"class":2348},[42,26935,70],{"class":56},[42,26937,73],{"class":60},[42,26939,18784],{"class":64},[42,26941,61],{"class":60},[42,26943,1935],{"class":56},[42,26945,13864],{"class":2348},[42,26947,9659],{"class":56},[42,26949,26950],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,26951,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,26953,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,26955,284],{"class":52},[42,26957,57],{"class":56},[42,26959,16747],{"class":125},[42,26961,122],{"class":56},[42,26963,26599],{"class":125},[42,26965,57],{"class":56},[42,26967,61],{"class":60},[42,26969,18775],{"class":64},[42,26971,61],{"class":60},[42,26973,5705],{"class":56},[42,26975,26976],{"class":525},"         # 90\n",[42,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,26980,284],{"class":52},[42,26982,57],{"class":56},[42,26984,16747],{"class":125},[42,26986,122],{"class":56},[42,26988,26599],{"class":125},[42,26990,57],{"class":56},[42,26992,61],{"class":60},[42,26994,18793],{"class":64},[42,26996,61],{"class":60},[42,26998,70],{"class":56},[42,27000,4171],{"class":2348},[42,27002,5705],{"class":56},[42,27004,21126],{"class":525},[42,27006,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27008,284],{"class":52},[42,27010,57],{"class":56},[42,27012,16747],{"class":125},[42,27014,98],{"class":56},[42,27016,27017],{"class":525},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[28,27019,17778],{"id":17777},[14,27021,27022,1518,27024,27026],{},[17,27023,13119],{},[177,27025,179],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,27028,27029],{},"Instead, it returns:",[167,27031,27032,27035],{},[170,27033,27034],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[170,27036,27037],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,27039,219],{},[33,27041,27043],{"className":35,"code":27042,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[17,27044,27045,27077,27081,27104,27136,27140,27154,27168],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27046,27047,27049,27051,27053,27055,27057,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27048,9516],{"class":114},[42,27050,88],{"class":87},[42,27052,10842],{"class":56},[42,27054,61],{"class":60},[42,27056,693],{"class":64},[42,27058,61],{"class":60},[42,27060,1935],{"class":56},[42,27062,6350],{"class":2348},[42,27064,70],{"class":56},[42,27066,73],{"class":60},[42,27068,5102],{"class":64},[42,27070,61],{"class":60},[42,27072,1935],{"class":56},[42,27074,8139],{"class":2348},[42,27076,9659],{"class":56},[42,27078,27079],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27080,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27082,27083,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,27084,27085],{"class":114},"result1 ",[42,27087,88],{"class":87},[42,27089,14923],{"class":114},[42,27091,122],{"class":56},[42,27093,26599],{"class":125},[42,27095,57],{"class":56},[42,27097,61],{"class":60},[42,27099,693],{"class":64},[42,27101,61],{"class":60},[42,27103,143],{"class":56},[42,27105,27106,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27132,27134],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,27107,27108],{"class":114},"result2 ",[42,27110,88],{"class":87},[42,27112,14923],{"class":114},[42,27114,122],{"class":56},[42,27116,26599],{"class":125},[42,27118,57],{"class":56},[42,27120,61],{"class":60},[42,27122,10090],{"class":64},[42,27124,61],{"class":60},[42,27126,70],{"class":56},[42,27128,73],{"class":60},[42,27130,27131],{"class":64},"missing",[42,27133,61],{"class":60},[42,27135,143],{"class":56},[42,27137,27138],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27139,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27141,27142,27144,27146,27149,27151],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,27143,284],{"class":52},[42,27145,57],{"class":56},[42,27147,27148],{"class":125},"result1",[42,27150,98],{"class":56},[42,27152,27153],{"class":525},"  # 10\n",[42,27155,27156,27158,27160,27163,27165],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,27157,284],{"class":52},[42,27159,57],{"class":56},[42,27161,27162],{"class":125},"result2",[42,27164,98],{"class":56},[42,27166,27167],{"class":525},"  # missing\n",[42,27169,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,27171,284],{"class":52},[42,27173,57],{"class":56},[42,27175,9554],{"class":125},[42,27177,98],{"class":56},[42,27179,27180],{"class":525},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,27182,27183,27184,6978],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[693,27185,27186],{"href":11088},[17,27187,27188],{},"dict.get()",[28,27190,5303,27192],{"id":27191},"when-to-use-pop",[17,27193,13119],{},[14,27195,146,27196,10953],{},[17,27197,13119],{},[167,27199,27200,27203,27206],{},[170,27201,27202],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[170,27204,27205],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[170,27207,27208],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,27210,219],{},[33,27212,27214],{"className":35,"code":27213,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[17,27215,27216,27268,27272,27299,27303,27327,27331,27345,27359],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27217,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27252,27254,27256,27259,27261,27263,27266],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27219,25481],{"class":114},[42,27221,88],{"class":87},[42,27223,10842],{"class":56},[42,27225,61],{"class":60},[42,27227,8016],{"class":64},[42,27229,61],{"class":60},[42,27231,1935],{"class":56},[42,27233,73],{"class":60},[42,27235,27236],{"class":64},"Laptop",[42,27238,61],{"class":60},[42,27240,70],{"class":56},[42,27242,73],{"class":60},[42,27244,25507],{"class":64},[42,27246,61],{"class":60},[42,27248,1935],{"class":56},[42,27250,27251],{"class":2348}," 1200",[42,27253,70],{"class":56},[42,27255,73],{"class":60},[42,27257,27258],{"class":64},"discount",[42,27260,61],{"class":60},[42,27262,1935],{"class":56},[42,27264,27265],{"class":2348}," 200",[42,27267,9659],{"class":56},[42,27269,27270],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27271,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27273,27274,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,27275,27276],{"class":114},"discount_amount ",[42,27278,88],{"class":87},[42,27280,25559],{"class":114},[42,27282,122],{"class":56},[42,27284,26599],{"class":125},[42,27286,57],{"class":56},[42,27288,61],{"class":60},[42,27290,27258],{"class":64},[42,27292,61],{"class":60},[42,27294,70],{"class":56},[42,27296,4171],{"class":2348},[42,27298,143],{"class":56},[42,27300,27301],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,27302,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27304,27305,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27306,27307],{"class":114},"final_price ",[42,27309,88],{"class":87},[42,27311,25559],{"class":114},[42,27313,4238],{"class":56},[42,27315,61],{"class":60},[42,27317,25507],{"class":64},[42,27319,61],{"class":60},[42,27321,13631],{"class":56},[42,27323,2547],{"class":87},[42,27325,27326],{"class":114}," discount_amount\n",[42,27328,27329],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,27330,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27332,27333,27335,27337,27340,27342],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,27334,284],{"class":52},[42,27336,57],{"class":56},[42,27338,27339],{"class":125},"discount_amount",[42,27341,98],{"class":56},[42,27343,27344],{"class":525},"  # 200\n",[42,27346,27347,27349,27351,27354,27356],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,27348,284],{"class":52},[42,27350,57],{"class":56},[42,27352,27353],{"class":125},"final_price",[42,27355,98],{"class":56},[42,27357,27358],{"class":525},"      # 1000\n",[42,27360,27361,27363,27365,27368,27370],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,27362,284],{"class":52},[42,27364,57],{"class":56},[42,27366,27367],{"class":125},"product",[42,27369,98],{"class":56},[42,27371,27372],{"class":525},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,27374,27375],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[28,27377,27379,10937,27381],{"id":27378},"pop-vs-del",[17,27380,13119],{},[17,27382,27383],{},"del",[14,27385,10942,27386,1753,27388,27390],{},[17,27387,13119],{},[17,27389,27383],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1073,27392,146,27394,27396],{"id":27393},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[17,27395,13119],{}," when you need the removed value",[33,27398,27400],{"className":35,"code":27399,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,27401,27402,27438,27442,27464,27468,27481],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27403,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27405,13562],{"class":114},[42,27407,88],{"class":87},[42,27409,10842],{"class":56},[42,27411,61],{"class":60},[42,27413,8016],{"class":64},[42,27415,61],{"class":60},[42,27417,1935],{"class":56},[42,27419,73],{"class":60},[42,27421,13237],{"class":64},[42,27423,61],{"class":60},[42,27425,70],{"class":56},[42,27427,73],{"class":60},[42,27429,9649],{"class":64},[42,27431,61],{"class":60},[42,27433,1935],{"class":56},[42,27435,9656],{"class":2348},[42,27437,9659],{"class":56},[42,27439,27440],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27441,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27443,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,27445,21986],{"class":114},[42,27447,88],{"class":87},[42,27449,13605],{"class":114},[42,27451,122],{"class":56},[42,27453,26599],{"class":125},[42,27455,57],{"class":56},[42,27457,61],{"class":60},[42,27459,9649],{"class":64},[42,27461,61],{"class":60},[42,27463,143],{"class":56},[42,27465,27466],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,27467,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27469,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27471,284],{"class":52},[42,27473,57],{"class":56},[42,27475,9649],{"class":125},[42,27477,98],{"class":56},[42,27479,27480],{"class":525},"     # 25\n",[42,27482,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,27484,284],{"class":52},[42,27486,57],{"class":56},[42,27488,17666],{"class":125},[42,27490,98],{"class":56},[42,27492,27493],{"class":525},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1073,27495,146,27497,27499],{"id":27496},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[17,27498,27383],{}," when you only want deletion",[33,27501,27503],{"className":35,"code":27502,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[17,27504,27505,27541,27545,27561,27565],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27506,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27508,13562],{"class":114},[42,27510,88],{"class":87},[42,27512,10842],{"class":56},[42,27514,61],{"class":60},[42,27516,8016],{"class":64},[42,27518,61],{"class":60},[42,27520,1935],{"class":56},[42,27522,73],{"class":60},[42,27524,13237],{"class":64},[42,27526,61],{"class":60},[42,27528,70],{"class":56},[42,27530,73],{"class":60},[42,27532,9649],{"class":64},[42,27534,61],{"class":60},[42,27536,1935],{"class":56},[42,27538,9656],{"class":2348},[42,27540,9659],{"class":56},[42,27542,27543],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27544,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27546,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,27548,27383],{"class":48},[42,27550,13605],{"class":114},[42,27552,4238],{"class":56},[42,27554,61],{"class":60},[42,27556,9649],{"class":64},[42,27558,61],{"class":60},[42,27560,3970],{"class":56},[42,27562,27563],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,27564,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27566,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27568,284],{"class":52},[42,27570,57],{"class":56},[42,27572,17666],{"class":125},[42,27574,98],{"class":56},[42,27576,27493],{"class":525},[14,27578,27579],{},"Difference:",[167,27581,27582,27587],{},[170,27583,27584,27586],{},[17,27585,13119],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[170,27588,27589,27591],{},[17,27590,27383],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,27593,27594,27595,122],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[693,27596,12930],{"href":12929},[28,27598,27600,27601],{"id":27599},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[17,27602,20046],{},[14,27604,27605],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1073,27607,27609],{"id":27608},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[33,27611,27613],{"className":35,"code":27612,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[17,27614,27615,27640,27644,27670,27674,27686],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27616,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27636,27638],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27618,12079],{"class":114},[42,27620,88],{"class":87},[42,27622,10842],{"class":56},[42,27624,61],{"class":60},[42,27626,8016],{"class":64},[42,27628,61],{"class":60},[42,27630,1935],{"class":56},[42,27632,73],{"class":60},[42,27634,27635],{"class":64},"Sara",[42,27637,61],{"class":60},[42,27639,9659],{"class":56},[42,27641,27642],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27643,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27645,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,27647,2776],{"class":114},[42,27649,88],{"class":87},[42,27651,12121],{"class":114},[42,27653,122],{"class":56},[42,27655,26599],{"class":125},[42,27657,57],{"class":56},[42,27659,61],{"class":60},[42,27661,9649],{"class":64},[42,27663,61],{"class":60},[42,27665,70],{"class":56},[42,27667,4191],{"class":4190},[42,27669,143],{"class":56},[42,27671,27672],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,27673,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27675,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27677,284],{"class":52},[42,27679,57],{"class":56},[42,27681,2803],{"class":125},[42,27683,98],{"class":56},[42,27685,20919],{"class":525},[42,27687,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,27689,284],{"class":52},[42,27691,57],{"class":56},[42,27693,11804],{"class":125},[42,27695,98],{"class":56},[42,27697,27698],{"class":525}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,27700,27701],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1073,27703,27705],{"id":27704},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[33,27707,27709],{"className":35,"code":27708,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[17,27710,27711,27735,27739,27755,27778,27788,27795],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27712,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27714,12079],{"class":114},[42,27716,88],{"class":87},[42,27718,10842],{"class":56},[42,27720,61],{"class":60},[42,27722,8016],{"class":64},[42,27724,61],{"class":60},[42,27726,1935],{"class":56},[42,27728,73],{"class":60},[42,27730,27635],{"class":64},[42,27732,61],{"class":60},[42,27734,9659],{"class":56},[42,27736,27737],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27738,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27740,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,27742,7345],{"class":48},[42,27744,73],{"class":60},[42,27746,9649],{"class":64},[42,27748,61],{"class":60},[42,27750,21531],{"class":87},[42,27752,12121],{"class":114},[42,27754,108],{"class":56},[42,27756,27757,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,27758,27759],{"class":114},"    value ",[42,27761,88],{"class":87},[42,27763,12121],{"class":114},[42,27765,122],{"class":56},[42,27767,26599],{"class":125},[42,27769,57],{"class":56},[42,27771,61],{"class":60},[42,27773,9649],{"class":64},[42,27775,61],{"class":60},[42,27777,143],{"class":56},[42,27779,27780,27782,27784,27786],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27781,135],{"class":52},[42,27783,57],{"class":56},[42,27785,2803],{"class":125},[42,27787,143],{"class":56},[42,27789,27790,27793],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,27791,27792],{"class":48},"else",[42,27794,108],{"class":56},[42,27796,27797,27799,27801,27803,27806,27808],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,27798,135],{"class":52},[42,27800,57],{"class":56},[42,27802,61],{"class":60},[42,27804,27805],{"class":64},"Key not found",[42,27807,61],{"class":60},[42,27809,143],{"class":56},[1073,27811,27813,27814,27816],{"id":27812},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[17,27815,11092],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[33,27818,27820],{"className":35,"code":27819,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[17,27821,27822,27846,27850,27876,27880,27892],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27823,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27825,12079],{"class":114},[42,27827,88],{"class":87},[42,27829,10842],{"class":56},[42,27831,61],{"class":60},[42,27833,8016],{"class":64},[42,27835,61],{"class":60},[42,27837,1935],{"class":56},[42,27839,73],{"class":60},[42,27841,27635],{"class":64},[42,27843,61],{"class":60},[42,27845,9659],{"class":56},[42,27847,27848],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27849,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27851,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,27853,2776],{"class":114},[42,27855,88],{"class":87},[42,27857,12121],{"class":114},[42,27859,122],{"class":56},[42,27861,20109],{"class":125},[42,27863,57],{"class":56},[42,27865,61],{"class":60},[42,27867,9649],{"class":64},[42,27869,61],{"class":60},[42,27871,70],{"class":56},[42,27873,4191],{"class":4190},[42,27875,143],{"class":56},[42,27877,27878],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,27879,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,27881,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,27883,284],{"class":52},[42,27885,57],{"class":56},[42,27887,2803],{"class":125},[42,27889,98],{"class":56},[42,27891,20919],{"class":525},[42,27893,27894,27896,27898,27900,27902],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,27895,284],{"class":52},[42,27897,57],{"class":56},[42,27899,11804],{"class":125},[42,27901,98],{"class":56},[42,27903,27698],{"class":525},[14,27905,146,27906,27910,27911,122],{},[693,27907,27908],{"href":11088},[17,27909,27188],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[693,27912,11616],{"href":11427},[28,27914,4859],{"id":4858},[14,27916,27917,27918,122],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[17,27919,12925],{},[1073,27921,26132,27923,27925],{"id":27922},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[17,27924,13119],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27927,27928],{},"Lists use indexes:",[33,27930,27932],{"className":35,"code":27931,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[17,27933,27934,27954],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27935,27936,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950,27952],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27937,3952],{"class":114},[42,27939,88],{"class":87},[42,27941,3957],{"class":56},[42,27943,2659],{"class":2348},[42,27945,70],{"class":56},[42,27947,8139],{"class":2348},[42,27949,70],{"class":56},[42,27951,8144],{"class":2348},[42,27953,3970],{"class":56},[42,27955,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968,27970,27972],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,27957,284],{"class":52},[42,27959,57],{"class":56},[42,27961,3984],{"class":125},[42,27963,122],{"class":56},[42,27965,26599],{"class":125},[42,27967,57],{"class":56},[42,27969,3320],{"class":2348},[42,27971,5705],{"class":56},[42,27973,27974],{"class":525},"  # 20\n",[14,27976,27977],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[33,27979,27981],{"className":35,"code":27980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[17,27982,27983,28019],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,27984,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009,28011,28013,28015,28017],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,27986,13562],{"class":114},[42,27988,88],{"class":87},[42,27990,10842],{"class":56},[42,27992,61],{"class":60},[42,27994,8016],{"class":64},[42,27996,61],{"class":60},[42,27998,1935],{"class":56},[42,28000,73],{"class":60},[42,28002,13237],{"class":64},[42,28004,61],{"class":60},[42,28006,70],{"class":56},[42,28008,73],{"class":60},[42,28010,9649],{"class":64},[42,28012,61],{"class":60},[42,28014,1935],{"class":56},[42,28016,9656],{"class":2348},[42,28018,9659],{"class":56},[42,28020,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035,28037,28039,28041],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28022,284],{"class":52},[42,28024,57],{"class":56},[42,28026,17666],{"class":125},[42,28028,122],{"class":56},[42,28030,26599],{"class":125},[42,28032,57],{"class":56},[42,28034,61],{"class":60},[42,28036,9649],{"class":64},[42,28038,61],{"class":60},[42,28040,5705],{"class":56},[42,28042,28043],{"class":525},"  # 25\n",[14,28045,28046,28047,28049,28050,28052],{},"A dictionary does ",[177,28048,179],{}," use positions with ",[17,28051,13119],{},". It uses keys.",[1073,28054,5045,28056,28058],{"id":28055},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[17,28057,13119],{}," changes the original dictionary",[33,28060,28062],{"className":35,"code":28061,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[17,28063,28064,28096,28100,28122,28126,28139],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28065,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082,28084,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28067,9516],{"class":114},[42,28069,88],{"class":87},[42,28071,10842],{"class":56},[42,28073,61],{"class":60},[42,28075,2498],{"class":64},[42,28077,61],{"class":60},[42,28079,1935],{"class":56},[42,28081,5842],{"class":2348},[42,28083,70],{"class":56},[42,28085,73],{"class":60},[42,28087,12100],{"class":64},[42,28089,61],{"class":60},[42,28091,1935],{"class":56},[42,28093,3325],{"class":2348},[42,28095,9659],{"class":56},[42,28097,28098],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28099,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28101,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,28103,2776],{"class":114},[42,28105,88],{"class":87},[42,28107,14923],{"class":114},[42,28109,122],{"class":56},[42,28111,26599],{"class":125},[42,28113,57],{"class":56},[42,28115,61],{"class":60},[42,28117,2498],{"class":64},[42,28119,61],{"class":60},[42,28121,143],{"class":56},[42,28123,28124],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,28125,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28127,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,28129,284],{"class":52},[42,28131,57],{"class":56},[42,28133,2803],{"class":125},[42,28135,98],{"class":56},[42,28137,28138],{"class":525},"  # 1\n",[42,28140,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,28142,284],{"class":52},[42,28144,57],{"class":56},[42,28146,9554],{"class":125},[42,28148,98],{"class":56},[42,28150,28151],{"class":525},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,28153,28154,28155,28157],{},"After ",[17,28156,13119],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1073,28159,1940,28161,28163],{"id":28160},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[17,28162,13119],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[33,28165,28167],{"className":35,"code":28166,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[17,28168,28169,28193,28197,28202],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28170,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28172,9516],{"class":114},[42,28174,88],{"class":87},[42,28176,10842],{"class":56},[42,28178,61],{"class":60},[42,28180,8016],{"class":64},[42,28182,61],{"class":60},[42,28184,1935],{"class":56},[42,28186,73],{"class":60},[42,28188,8271],{"class":64},[42,28190,61],{"class":60},[42,28192,9659],{"class":56},[42,28194,28195],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28196,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28198,28199],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,28200,28201],{"class":525},"# This causes an error\n",[42,28203,28204],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,28205,28206],{"class":525},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,28208,28209],{},"Safer version:",[33,28211,28213],{"className":35,"code":28212,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[17,28214,28215,28239,28243],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28216,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28218,9516],{"class":114},[42,28220,88],{"class":87},[42,28222,10842],{"class":56},[42,28224,61],{"class":60},[42,28226,8016],{"class":64},[42,28228,61],{"class":60},[42,28230,1935],{"class":56},[42,28232,73],{"class":60},[42,28234,8271],{"class":64},[42,28236,61],{"class":60},[42,28238,9659],{"class":56},[42,28240,28241],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28242,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28244,28245,28247,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,28246,284],{"class":52},[42,28248,57],{"class":56},[42,28250,9554],{"class":125},[42,28252,122],{"class":56},[42,28254,26599],{"class":125},[42,28256,57],{"class":56},[42,28258,61],{"class":60},[42,28260,9649],{"class":64},[42,28262,61],{"class":60},[42,28264,70],{"class":56},[42,28266,73],{"class":60},[42,28268,27131],{"class":64},[42,28270,61],{"class":60},[42,28272,5705],{"class":56},[42,28274,27167],{"class":525},[1073,28276,8803,28278,28280],{"id":28277},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[17,28279,13119],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[33,28282,28284],{"className":35,"code":28283,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[17,28285,28286,28318,28322,28344,28348,28360],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28287,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28289,9516],{"class":114},[42,28291,88],{"class":87},[42,28293,10842],{"class":56},[42,28295,61],{"class":60},[42,28297,693],{"class":64},[42,28299,61],{"class":60},[42,28301,1935],{"class":56},[42,28303,5842],{"class":2348},[42,28305,70],{"class":56},[42,28307,73],{"class":60},[42,28309,5102],{"class":64},[42,28311,61],{"class":60},[42,28313,1935],{"class":56},[42,28315,3325],{"class":2348},[42,28317,9659],{"class":56},[42,28319,28320],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28321,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28323,28324,28326,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,28325,2555],{"class":114},[42,28327,88],{"class":87},[42,28329,14923],{"class":114},[42,28331,122],{"class":56},[42,28333,26599],{"class":125},[42,28335,57],{"class":56},[42,28337,61],{"class":60},[42,28339,693],{"class":64},[42,28341,61],{"class":60},[42,28343,143],{"class":56},[42,28345,28346],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,28347,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28349,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,28351,284],{"class":52},[42,28353,57],{"class":56},[42,28355,2592],{"class":125},[42,28357,98],{"class":56},[42,28359,28138],{"class":525},[42,28361,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,28363,284],{"class":52},[42,28365,57],{"class":56},[42,28367,9554],{"class":125},[42,28369,98],{"class":56},[42,28371,28372],{"class":525},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,28374,28375],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[28,28377,28379],{"id":28378},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,28381,28382,28383,28385],{},"Problems with ",[17,28384,12925],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[167,28387,28388,28391,28400,28403],{},[170,28389,28390],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[170,28392,28393,28394,28397,28398],{},"Mixing up list ",[17,28395,28396],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[17,28399,26695],{},[170,28401,28402],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[170,28404,28405,28406,11445,28408],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[17,28407,3320],{},[17,28409,28410],{},"\"1\"",[14,28412,28413],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[33,28415,28417],{"className":35,"code":28416,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[17,28418,28419,28443,28447,28477],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28420,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439,28441],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28422,9516],{"class":114},[42,28424,88],{"class":87},[42,28426,10842],{"class":56},[42,28428,61],{"class":60},[42,28430,3320],{"class":64},[42,28432,61],{"class":60},[42,28434,1935],{"class":56},[42,28436,73],{"class":60},[42,28438,6932],{"class":64},[42,28440,61],{"class":60},[42,28442,9659],{"class":56},[42,28444,28445],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28446,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28448,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28470,28472,28474],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,28450,284],{"class":52},[42,28452,57],{"class":56},[42,28454,9554],{"class":125},[42,28456,122],{"class":56},[42,28458,26599],{"class":125},[42,28460,57],{"class":56},[42,28462,3320],{"class":2348},[42,28464,70],{"class":56},[42,28466,73],{"class":60},[42,28468,28469],{"class":64},"not found",[42,28471,61],{"class":60},[42,28473,5705],{"class":56},[42,28475,28476],{"class":525},"    # not found\n",[42,28478,28479,28481,28483,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28503,28505,28507],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,28480,284],{"class":52},[42,28482,57],{"class":56},[42,28484,9554],{"class":125},[42,28486,122],{"class":56},[42,28488,26599],{"class":125},[42,28490,57],{"class":56},[42,28492,61],{"class":60},[42,28494,3320],{"class":64},[42,28496,61],{"class":60},[42,28498,70],{"class":56},[42,28500,73],{"class":60},[42,28502,28469],{"class":64},[42,28504,61],{"class":60},[42,28506,5705],{"class":56},[42,28508,28509],{"class":525},"  # one\n",[14,28511,28512,1753,28514,28516],{},[17,28513,3320],{},[17,28515,28410],{}," are different keys.",[28,28518,9222],{"id":9221},[14,28520,9225,28521,28523],{},[17,28522,13119],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[33,28525,28527],{"className":35,"code":28526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[17,28528,28529,28539,28553,28571,28601],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28530,28531,28533,28535,28537],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28532,284],{"class":52},[42,28534,57],{"class":56},[42,28536,11804],{"class":125},[42,28538,143],{"class":56},[42,28540,28541,28543,28545,28547,28549,28551],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28542,284],{"class":52},[42,28544,57],{"class":56},[42,28546,11804],{"class":125},[42,28548,122],{"class":56},[42,28550,17282],{"class":125},[42,28552,584],{"class":56},[42,28554,28555,28557,28559,28561,28563,28565,28567,28569],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,28556,284],{"class":52},[42,28558,57],{"class":56},[42,28560,868],{"class":60},[42,28562,8016],{"class":64},[42,28564,868],{"class":60},[42,28566,21531],{"class":48},[42,28568,12121],{"class":125},[42,28570,143],{"class":56},[42,28572,28573,28575,28577,28579,28581,28583,28585,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,28574,284],{"class":52},[42,28576,57],{"class":56},[42,28578,11804],{"class":125},[42,28580,122],{"class":56},[42,28582,26599],{"class":125},[42,28584,57],{"class":56},[42,28586,868],{"class":60},[42,28588,8016],{"class":64},[42,28590,868],{"class":60},[42,28592,70],{"class":56},[42,28594,862],{"class":60},[42,28596,27131],{"class":64},[42,28598,868],{"class":60},[42,28600,842],{"class":56},[42,28602,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,28604,284],{"class":52},[42,28606,57],{"class":56},[42,28608,835],{"class":834},[42,28610,57],{"class":56},[42,28612,11804],{"class":125},[42,28614,842],{"class":56},[14,28616,21694],{},[167,28618,28619,28624,28629,28634,28640],{},[170,28620,28621,28623],{},[17,28622,13035],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[170,28625,28626,28628],{},[17,28627,21706],{}," shows all available keys",[170,28630,28631,28633],{},[17,28632,21712],{}," checks whether a key exists",[170,28635,28636,28639],{},[17,28637,28638],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[170,28641,28642,28644],{},[17,28643,13041],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,28646,28647,28648,122],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[693,28649,9742],{"href":9741},[28,28651,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,28653,28655,28656,28658],{"id":28654},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[17,28657,13119],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,28660,28661],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1073,28663,28665],{"id":28664},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,28667,28668,26896,28670,28672,28673,28675],{},[17,28669,26695],{},[17,28671,20046],{},". ",[17,28674,26699],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1073,28677,13060,28679,15253],{"id":28678},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,28680,13119],{},[14,28682,28683],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1073,28685,28687,28688,28690],{"id":28686},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[17,28689,13119],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,28692,28693,28694,28696,28697,122],{},"Not with ",[17,28695,12925],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[693,28698,28699],{"href":12936},[17,28700,13126],{},[1073,28702,2171,28704,1753,28706,2823],{"id":28703},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[17,28705,11092],{},[17,28707,13119],{},[14,28709,28710,28712,28713,28715],{},[17,28711,11092],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[17,28714,13119],{}," reads and removes it.",[28,28717,2205],{"id":2204},[167,28719,28720,28726,28733,28737,28741,28745],{},[170,28721,28722],{},[693,28723,28724],{"href":11088},[17,28725,20027],{},[170,28727,28728],{},[693,28729,28730],{"href":12936},[17,28731,28732],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[170,28734,28735],{},[693,28736,13143],{"href":12929},[170,28738,28739],{},[693,28740,21815],{"href":16955},[170,28742,28743],{},[693,28744,11616],{"href":11427},[170,28746,28747],{},[693,28748,28750],{"href":28749},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2245,28752,28753],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":28755},[28756,28757,28759,28760,28761,28763,28770,28777,28787,28788,28789,28800],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":26706,"depth":111,"text":28758},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":27191,"depth":111,"text":28762},"When to use pop()",{"id":27378,"depth":111,"text":28764,"children":28765},"pop() vs del",[28766,28768],{"id":27393,"depth":132,"text":28767},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27496,"depth":132,"text":28769},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27599,"depth":111,"text":28771,"children":28772},"How to avoid KeyError",[28773,28774,28775],{"id":27608,"depth":132,"text":27609},{"id":27704,"depth":132,"text":27705},{"id":27812,"depth":132,"text":28776},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":28778},[28779,28781,28783,28785],{"id":27922,"depth":132,"text":28780},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":28055,"depth":132,"text":28782},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28160,"depth":132,"text":28784},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28277,"depth":132,"text":28786},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28378,"depth":111,"text":28379},{"id":9221,"depth":111,"text":9222},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":28790},[28791,28793,28794,28796,28798],{"id":28654,"depth":132,"text":28792},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28664,"depth":132,"text":28665},{"id":28678,"depth":132,"text":28795},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28686,"depth":132,"text":28797},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28703,"depth":132,"text":28799},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26527,"description":28801},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28808,"title":28732,"body":28809,"description":30748,"extension":2285,"meta":30749,"navigation":2287,"path":30750,"seo":30751,"stem":30752,"__hash__":30753},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28810,"toc":30712},[28811,28816,28821,28824,28832,28842,28844,28933,28937,28986,28991,28996,29000,29016,29019,29021,29036,29038,29054,29061,29065,29071,29080,29082,29151,29155,29176,29179,29198,29201,29224,29226,29229,29344,29348,29407,29414,29418,29424,29549,29553,29603,29606,29610,29617,29619,29682,29686,29707,29710,29719,29734,29742,29749,29753,29765,29769,29780,29782,29928,29932,29991,29998,30003,30007,30013,30036,30041,30060,30064,30135,30142,30215,30224,30229,30234,30245,30248,30385,30389,30421,30426,30428,30432,30492,30495,30552,30555,30598,30600,30605,30611,30617,30620,30627,30635,30640,30643,30650,30658,30660,30709],[10,28812,11672,28814,11676],{"id":28813},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[17,28815,13126],{},[14,28817,2303,28818,28820],{},[17,28819,13126],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28822,28823],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[167,28825,28826,28829],{},[170,28827,28828],{},"remove an item",[170,28830,28831],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28833,28834,28835,28837,28838,28841],{},"In modern Python, ",[17,28836,13126],{}," removes the ",[177,28839,28840],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[28,28843,31],{"id":30},[33,28845,28847],{"className":35,"code":28846,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[17,28848,28849,28893,28909,28913,28923],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28850,28851,28853,28855,28857,28859,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28852,9516],{"class":114},[42,28854,88],{"class":87},[42,28856,10842],{"class":56},[42,28858,61],{"class":60},[42,28860,693],{"class":64},[42,28862,61],{"class":60},[42,28864,1935],{"class":56},[42,28866,5842],{"class":2348},[42,28868,70],{"class":56},[42,28870,73],{"class":60},[42,28872,5102],{"class":64},[42,28874,61],{"class":60},[42,28876,1935],{"class":56},[42,28878,3325],{"class":2348},[42,28880,70],{"class":56},[42,28882,73],{"class":60},[42,28884,10090],{"class":64},[42,28886,61],{"class":60},[42,28888,1935],{"class":56},[42,28890,2781],{"class":2348},[42,28892,9659],{"class":56},[42,28894,28895,28898,28900,28902,28904,28907],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28896,28897],{"class":114},"item ",[42,28899,88],{"class":87},[42,28901,14923],{"class":114},[42,28903,122],{"class":56},[42,28905,28906],{"class":125},"popitem",[42,28908,129],{"class":56},[42,28910,28911],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,28912,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,28914,28915,28917,28919,28921],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,28916,284],{"class":52},[42,28918,57],{"class":56},[42,28920,23668],{"class":125},[42,28922,143],{"class":56},[42,28924,28925,28927,28929,28931],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,28926,284],{"class":52},[42,28928,57],{"class":56},[42,28930,9554],{"class":125},[42,28932,143],{"class":56},[14,28934,28935],{},[177,28936,2395],{},[33,28938,28940],{"className":35,"code":28939,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[17,28941,28942,28958],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,28943,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,28945,57],{"class":56},[42,28947,868],{"class":60},[42,28949,10090],{"class":64},[42,28951,868],{"class":60},[42,28953,70],{"class":56},[42,28955,2781],{"class":2348},[42,28957,143],{"class":56},[42,28959,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976,28978,28980,28982,28984],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,28961,9628],{"class":56},[42,28963,868],{"class":60},[42,28965,693],{"class":64},[42,28967,868],{"class":60},[42,28969,1935],{"class":56},[42,28971,5842],{"class":2348},[42,28973,70],{"class":56},[42,28975,862],{"class":60},[42,28977,5102],{"class":64},[42,28979,868],{"class":60},[42,28981,1935],{"class":56},[42,28983,3325],{"class":2348},[42,28985,9659],{"class":56},[14,28987,28988,28990],{},[17,28989,13126],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[28,28992,4013,28994,4016],{"id":28993},"what-popitem-does",[17,28995,13126],{},[14,28997,28998,1935],{},[17,28999,13126],{},[167,29001,29002,29005,29010,29013],{},[170,29003,29004],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[170,29006,29007,29008],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[17,29009,22013],{},[170,29011,29012],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[170,29014,29015],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,29017,29018],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[28,29020,312],{"id":311},[33,29022,29024],{"className":35,"code":29023,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[17,29025,29026],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29027,29028,29030,29032,29034],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29029,15962],{"class":114},[42,29031,122],{"class":56},[42,29033,28906],{"class":125},[42,29035,129],{"class":56},[14,29037,165],{},[167,29039,29040,29048,29051],{},[170,29041,29042,29044,29045],{},[17,29043,13126],{}," takes ",[177,29046,29047],{},"no arguments",[170,29049,29050],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[170,29052,29053],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,29055,29056,29057,6978],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[693,29058,29059],{"href":12922},[17,29060,13119],{},[28,29062,29064],{"id":29063},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,29066,29067,29068,29070],{},"The value returned by ",[17,29069,13126],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[29072,29073,29074,29077],"ol",{},[170,29075,29076],{},"the key",[170,29078,29079],{},"the value",[14,29081,219],{},[33,29083,29085],{"className":35,"code":29084,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,29086,29087,29123,29137,29141],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29088,29089,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29090,13562],{"class":114},[42,29092,88],{"class":87},[42,29094,10842],{"class":56},[42,29096,61],{"class":60},[42,29098,8016],{"class":64},[42,29100,61],{"class":60},[42,29102,1935],{"class":56},[42,29104,73],{"class":60},[42,29106,5346],{"class":64},[42,29108,61],{"class":60},[42,29110,70],{"class":56},[42,29112,73],{"class":60},[42,29114,9649],{"class":64},[42,29116,61],{"class":60},[42,29118,1935],{"class":56},[42,29120,9656],{"class":2348},[42,29122,9659],{"class":56},[42,29124,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29126,2555],{"class":114},[42,29128,88],{"class":87},[42,29130,13605],{"class":114},[42,29132,122],{"class":56},[42,29134,28906],{"class":125},[42,29136,129],{"class":56},[42,29138,29139],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,29140,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29142,29143,29145,29147,29149],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,29144,284],{"class":52},[42,29146,57],{"class":56},[42,29148,2592],{"class":125},[42,29150,143],{"class":56},[14,29152,29153],{},[177,29154,2395],{},[33,29156,29158],{"className":35,"code":29157,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('age', 25)\n",[17,29159,29160],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29161,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29163,57],{"class":56},[42,29165,868],{"class":60},[42,29167,9649],{"class":64},[42,29169,868],{"class":60},[42,29171,70],{"class":56},[42,29173,9656],{"class":2348},[42,29175,143],{"class":56},[14,29177,29178],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[33,29180,29182],{"className":35,"code":29181,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = person.popitem()\n",[17,29183,29184],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29185,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29187,2555],{"class":114},[42,29189,88],{"class":87},[42,29191,13605],{"class":114},[42,29193,122],{"class":56},[42,29195,28906],{"class":125},[42,29197,129],{"class":56},[14,29199,29200],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[33,29202,29204],{"className":35,"code":29203,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[17,29205,29206],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29207,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29209,15198],{"class":114},[42,29211,70],{"class":56},[42,29213,21942],{"class":114},[42,29215,88],{"class":87},[42,29217,13605],{"class":114},[42,29219,122],{"class":56},[42,29221,28906],{"class":125},[42,29223,129],{"class":56},[28,29225,11829],{"id":11828},[14,29227,29228],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[33,29230,29232],{"className":35,"code":29231,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[17,29233,29234,29282,29286,29301,29305,29325],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29235,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29266,29268,29270,29273,29275,29277,29280],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29237,5406],{"class":114},[42,29239,88],{"class":87},[42,29241,10842],{"class":56},[42,29243,61],{"class":60},[42,29245,29246],{"class":64},"Tom",[42,29248,61],{"class":60},[42,29250,1935],{"class":56},[42,29252,5418],{"class":2348},[42,29254,70],{"class":56},[42,29256,73],{"class":60},[42,29258,13237],{"class":64},[42,29260,61],{"class":60},[42,29262,1935],{"class":56},[42,29264,29265],{"class":2348}," 95",[42,29267,70],{"class":56},[42,29269,73],{"class":60},[42,29271,29272],{"class":64},"Leo",[42,29274,61],{"class":60},[42,29276,1935],{"class":56},[42,29278,29279],{"class":2348}," 88",[42,29281,9659],{"class":56},[42,29283,29284],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29285,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29287,29288,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,29289,29290],{"class":114},"removed_pair ",[42,29292,88],{"class":87},[42,29294,5453],{"class":114},[42,29296,122],{"class":56},[42,29298,28906],{"class":125},[42,29300,129],{"class":56},[42,29302,29303],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,29304,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29306,29307,29309,29311,29313,29316,29318,29320,29323],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,29308,284],{"class":52},[42,29310,57],{"class":56},[42,29312,61],{"class":60},[42,29314,29315],{"class":64},"Removed:",[42,29317,61],{"class":60},[42,29319,70],{"class":56},[42,29321,29322],{"class":125}," removed_pair",[42,29324,143],{"class":56},[42,29326,29327,29329,29331,29333,29336,29338,29340,29342],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,29328,284],{"class":52},[42,29330,57],{"class":56},[42,29332,61],{"class":60},[42,29334,29335],{"class":64},"After removal:",[42,29337,61],{"class":60},[42,29339,70],{"class":56},[42,29341,5453],{"class":125},[42,29343,143],{"class":56},[14,29345,29346],{},[177,29347,2395],{},[33,29349,29351],{"className":35,"code":29350,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[17,29352,29353,29374],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29354,29355,29358,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29356,29357],{"class":114},"Removed",[42,29359,1935],{"class":56},[42,29361,9586],{"class":56},[42,29363,868],{"class":60},[42,29365,29272],{"class":64},[42,29367,868],{"class":60},[42,29369,70],{"class":56},[42,29371,29279],{"class":2348},[42,29373,143],{"class":56},[42,29375,29376,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29377,29378],{"class":114},"After removal",[42,29380,1935],{"class":56},[42,29382,10842],{"class":56},[42,29384,868],{"class":60},[42,29386,29246],{"class":64},[42,29388,868],{"class":60},[42,29390,1935],{"class":56},[42,29392,5418],{"class":2348},[42,29394,70],{"class":56},[42,29396,862],{"class":60},[42,29398,13237],{"class":64},[42,29400,868],{"class":60},[42,29402,1935],{"class":56},[42,29404,29265],{"class":2348},[42,29406,9659],{"class":56},[14,29408,29409,29410,29413],{},"The last inserted item was ",[17,29411,29412],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[28,29415,29417],{"id":29416},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,29419,29420,29421,29423],{},"Because ",[17,29422,13126],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[33,29425,29427],{"className":35,"code":29426,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[17,29428,29429,29465,29469,29488,29492,29511,29530],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29430,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451,29453,29455,29457,29459,29461,29463],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29432,15805],{"class":114},[42,29434,88],{"class":87},[42,29436,10842],{"class":56},[42,29438,61],{"class":60},[42,29440,15816],{"class":64},[42,29442,61],{"class":60},[42,29444,1935],{"class":56},[42,29446,73],{"class":60},[42,29448,15825],{"class":64},[42,29450,61],{"class":60},[42,29452,70],{"class":56},[42,29454,73],{"class":60},[42,29456,15836],{"class":64},[42,29458,61],{"class":60},[42,29460,1935],{"class":56},[42,29462,27265],{"class":2348},[42,29464,9659],{"class":56},[42,29466,29467],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29468,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29470,29471,29473,29475,29477,29479,29482,29484,29486],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,29472,15198],{"class":114},[42,29474,70],{"class":56},[42,29476,21942],{"class":114},[42,29478,88],{"class":87},[42,29480,29481],{"class":114}," book",[42,29483,122],{"class":56},[42,29485,28906],{"class":125},[42,29487,129],{"class":56},[42,29489,29490],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,29491,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29493,29494,29496,29498,29500,29503,29505,29507,29509],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,29495,284],{"class":52},[42,29497,57],{"class":56},[42,29499,61],{"class":60},[42,29501,29502],{"class":64},"Key:",[42,29504,61],{"class":60},[42,29506,70],{"class":56},[42,29508,21937],{"class":125},[42,29510,143],{"class":56},[42,29512,29513,29515,29517,29519,29522,29524,29526,29528],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,29514,284],{"class":52},[42,29516,57],{"class":56},[42,29518,61],{"class":60},[42,29520,29521],{"class":64},"Value:",[42,29523,61],{"class":60},[42,29525,70],{"class":56},[42,29527,8783],{"class":125},[42,29529,143],{"class":56},[42,29531,29532,29534,29536,29538,29541,29543,29545,29547],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,29533,284],{"class":52},[42,29535,57],{"class":56},[42,29537,61],{"class":60},[42,29539,29540],{"class":64},"Dictionary:",[42,29542,61],{"class":60},[42,29544,70],{"class":56},[42,29546,29481],{"class":125},[42,29548,143],{"class":56},[14,29550,29551],{},[177,29552,2395],{},[33,29554,29556],{"className":35,"code":29555,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[17,29557,29558,29568,29578],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29559,29560,29563,29565],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29561,29562],{"class":114},"Key",[42,29564,1935],{"class":56},[42,29566,29567],{"class":114}," pages\n",[42,29569,29570,29573,29575],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29571,29572],{"class":114},"Value",[42,29574,1935],{"class":56},[42,29576,29577],{"class":2348}," 200\n",[42,29579,29580,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593,29595,29597,29599,29601],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,29581,29582],{"class":114},"Dictionary",[42,29584,1935],{"class":56},[42,29586,10842],{"class":56},[42,29588,868],{"class":60},[42,29590,15816],{"class":64},[42,29592,868],{"class":60},[42,29594,1935],{"class":56},[42,29596,862],{"class":60},[42,29598,15825],{"class":64},[42,29600,868],{"class":60},[42,29602,9659],{"class":56},[14,29604,29605],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[28,29607,29609],{"id":29608},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,29611,29612,29613,28837,29615,122],{},"In current Python versions, ",[17,29614,13126],{},[177,29616,28840],{},[14,29618,219],{},[33,29620,29622],{"className":35,"code":29621,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[17,29623,29624,29668],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29625,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648,29650,29652,29654,29656,29658,29660,29662,29664,29666],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29627,9516],{"class":114},[42,29629,88],{"class":87},[42,29631,10842],{"class":56},[42,29633,61],{"class":60},[42,29635,2498],{"class":64},[42,29637,61],{"class":60},[42,29639,1935],{"class":56},[42,29641,5842],{"class":2348},[42,29643,70],{"class":56},[42,29645,73],{"class":60},[42,29647,12100],{"class":64},[42,29649,61],{"class":60},[42,29651,1935],{"class":56},[42,29653,3325],{"class":2348},[42,29655,70],{"class":56},[42,29657,73],{"class":60},[42,29659,22434],{"class":64},[42,29661,61],{"class":60},[42,29663,1935],{"class":56},[42,29665,2781],{"class":2348},[42,29667,9659],{"class":56},[42,29669,29670,29672,29674,29676,29678,29680],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29671,284],{"class":52},[42,29673,57],{"class":56},[42,29675,9554],{"class":125},[42,29677,122],{"class":56},[42,29679,28906],{"class":125},[42,29681,584],{"class":56},[14,29683,29684],{},[177,29685,2395],{},[33,29687,29689],{"className":35,"code":29688,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('z', 3)\n",[17,29690,29691],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29692,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701,29703,29705],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29694,57],{"class":56},[42,29696,868],{"class":60},[42,29698,22434],{"class":64},[42,29700,868],{"class":60},[42,29702,70],{"class":56},[42,29704,2781],{"class":2348},[42,29706,143],{"class":56},[14,29708,29709],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,29711,29712,29713,29715,29716,29718],{},"As a beginner, do ",[177,29714,179],{}," think of ",[17,29717,13126],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,29720,29721,29722,2514,29726,17431,29730,122],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[693,29723,29724],{"href":17434},[17,29725,17437],{},[693,29727,29728],{"href":17421},[17,29729,17424],{},[693,29731,29732],{"href":17427},[17,29733,17430],{},[28,29735,29737,29738,1753,29740],{"id":29736},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[17,29739,13126],{},[17,29741,13119],{},[14,29743,29744,1753,29746,29748],{},[17,29745,13126],{},[17,29747,13119],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1073,29750,29751],{"id":28906},[17,29752,13126],{},[167,29754,29755,29758,29761],{},[170,29756,29757],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[170,29759,29760],{},"does not need a key argument",[170,29762,4028,29763],{},[17,29764,22013],{},[1073,29766,29767],{"id":26599},[17,29768,13119],{},[167,29770,29771,29774,29777],{},[170,29772,29773],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[170,29775,29776],{},"needs the key name",[170,29778,29779],{},"returns only the value",[14,29781,219],{},[33,29783,29785],{"className":35,"code":29784,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,29786,29787,29831,29835,29849,29869,29873,29895,29914,29918],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29788,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797,29799,29801,29803,29805,29807,29809,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819,29821,29823,29825,29827,29829],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29790,9516],{"class":114},[42,29792,88],{"class":87},[42,29794,10842],{"class":56},[42,29796,61],{"class":60},[42,29798,693],{"class":64},[42,29800,61],{"class":60},[42,29802,1935],{"class":56},[42,29804,5842],{"class":2348},[42,29806,70],{"class":56},[42,29808,73],{"class":60},[42,29810,5102],{"class":64},[42,29812,61],{"class":60},[42,29814,1935],{"class":56},[42,29816,3325],{"class":2348},[42,29818,70],{"class":56},[42,29820,73],{"class":60},[42,29822,10090],{"class":64},[42,29824,61],{"class":60},[42,29826,1935],{"class":56},[42,29828,2781],{"class":2348},[42,29830,9659],{"class":56},[42,29832,29833],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29834,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29836,29837,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,29838,28897],{"class":114},[42,29840,88],{"class":87},[42,29842,14923],{"class":114},[42,29844,122],{"class":56},[42,29846,28906],{"class":125},[42,29848,129],{"class":56},[42,29850,29851,29853,29855,29857,29860,29862,29864,29867],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,29852,284],{"class":52},[42,29854,57],{"class":56},[42,29856,61],{"class":60},[42,29858,29859],{"class":64},"popitem():",[42,29861,61],{"class":60},[42,29863,70],{"class":56},[42,29865,29866],{"class":125}," item",[42,29868,143],{"class":56},[42,29870,29871],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,29872,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29874,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885,29887,29889,29891,29893],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,29876,2776],{"class":114},[42,29878,88],{"class":87},[42,29880,14923],{"class":114},[42,29882,122],{"class":56},[42,29884,26599],{"class":125},[42,29886,57],{"class":56},[42,29888,61],{"class":60},[42,29890,693],{"class":64},[42,29892,61],{"class":60},[42,29894,143],{"class":56},[42,29896,29897,29899,29901,29903,29906,29908,29910,29912],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,29898,284],{"class":52},[42,29900,57],{"class":56},[42,29902,61],{"class":60},[42,29904,29905],{"class":64},"pop('a'):",[42,29907,61],{"class":60},[42,29909,70],{"class":56},[42,29911,8783],{"class":125},[42,29913,143],{"class":56},[42,29915,29916],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,29917,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,29919,29920,29922,29924,29926],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,29921,284],{"class":52},[42,29923,57],{"class":56},[42,29925,9554],{"class":125},[42,29927,143],{"class":56},[14,29929,29930],{},[177,29931,2395],{},[33,29933,29935],{"className":35,"code":29934,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[17,29936,29937,29958,29975],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,29938,29939,29941,29944,29946,29948,29950,29952,29954,29956],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,29940,28906],{"class":125},[42,29942,29943],{"class":56},"():",[42,29945,9586],{"class":56},[42,29947,868],{"class":60},[42,29949,10090],{"class":64},[42,29951,868],{"class":60},[42,29953,70],{"class":56},[42,29955,2781],{"class":2348},[42,29957,143],{"class":56},[42,29959,29960,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,29961,26599],{"class":125},[42,29963,57],{"class":56},[42,29965,868],{"class":60},[42,29967,693],{"class":64},[42,29969,868],{"class":60},[42,29971,16810],{"class":56},[42,29973,29974],{"class":2348}," 1\n",[42,29976,29977,29979,29981,29983,29985,29987,29989],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,29978,9628],{"class":56},[42,29980,868],{"class":60},[42,29982,5102],{"class":64},[42,29984,868],{"class":60},[42,29986,1935],{"class":56},[42,29988,3325],{"class":2348},[42,29990,9659],{"class":56},[14,29992,146,29993,29997],{},[693,29994,29995],{"href":12922},[17,29996,13119],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29999,146,30000,30002],{},[17,30001,13126],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[28,30004,30006],{"id":30005},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,30008,30009,30010,30012],{},"Calling ",[17,30011,13126],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[33,30014,30016],{"className":35,"code":30015,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[17,30017,30018,30026],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30019,30020,30022,30024],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30021,9516],{"class":114},[42,30023,88],{"class":87},[42,30025,10189],{"class":56},[42,30027,30028,30030,30032,30034],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30029,9554],{"class":114},[42,30031,122],{"class":56},[42,30033,28906],{"class":125},[42,30035,129],{"class":56},[14,30037,30038],{},[177,30039,30040],{},"Error:",[33,30042,30044],{"className":35,"code":30043,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[17,30045,30046],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30047,30048,30050,30052,30054,30057],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30049,20046],{"class":834},[42,30051,1935],{"class":56},[42,30053,862],{"class":60},[42,30055,30056],{"class":64},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[42,30058,30059],{"class":60},"'\n",[1073,30061,30063],{"id":30062},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[33,30065,30067],{"className":35,"code":30066,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[17,30068,30069,30077,30081,30089,30104,30114,30120],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30070,30071,30073,30075],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30072,9516],{"class":114},[42,30074,88],{"class":87},[42,30076,10189],{"class":56},[42,30078,30079],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30080,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,30082,30083,30085,30087],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,30084,7345],{"class":48},[42,30086,14923],{"class":114},[42,30088,108],{"class":56},[42,30090,30091,30094,30096,30098,30100,30102],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,30092,30093],{"class":114},"    item ",[42,30095,88],{"class":87},[42,30097,14923],{"class":114},[42,30099,122],{"class":56},[42,30101,28906],{"class":125},[42,30103,129],{"class":56},[42,30105,30106,30108,30110,30112],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,30107,135],{"class":52},[42,30109,57],{"class":56},[42,30111,23668],{"class":125},[42,30113,143],{"class":56},[42,30115,30116,30118],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,30117,27792],{"class":48},[42,30119,108],{"class":56},[42,30121,30122,30124,30126,30128,30131,30133],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,30123,135],{"class":52},[42,30125,57],{"class":56},[42,30127,61],{"class":60},[42,30129,30130],{"class":64},"Dictionary is empty",[42,30132,61],{"class":60},[42,30134,143],{"class":56},[1073,30136,30138,30139],{"id":30137},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[17,30140,30141],{},"try-except",[33,30143,30145],{"className":35,"code":30144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[17,30146,30147,30155,30159,30166,30180,30190,30200],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30148,30149,30151,30153],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30150,9516],{"class":114},[42,30152,88],{"class":87},[42,30154,10189],{"class":56},[42,30156,30157],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30158,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,30160,30161,30164],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,30162,30163],{"class":48},"try",[42,30165,108],{"class":56},[42,30167,30168,30170,30172,30174,30176,30178],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,30169,30093],{"class":114},[42,30171,88],{"class":87},[42,30173,14923],{"class":114},[42,30175,122],{"class":56},[42,30177,28906],{"class":125},[42,30179,129],{"class":56},[42,30181,30182,30184,30186,30188],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,30183,135],{"class":52},[42,30185,57],{"class":56},[42,30187,23668],{"class":125},[42,30189,143],{"class":56},[42,30191,30192,30195,30198],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,30193,30194],{"class":48},"except",[42,30196,30197],{"class":834}," KeyError",[42,30199,108],{"class":56},[42,30201,30202,30204,30206,30208,30211,30213],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,30203,135],{"class":52},[42,30205,57],{"class":56},[42,30207,61],{"class":60},[42,30209,30210],{"class":64},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[42,30212,61],{"class":60},[42,30214,143],{"class":56},[14,30216,30217,30218,122],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[693,30219,26037,30221],{"href":30220},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[17,30222,30223],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[28,30225,5303,30227],{"id":30226},"when-to-use-popitem",[17,30228,13126],{},[14,30230,30231,30233],{},[17,30232,13126],{}," is useful when:",[167,30235,30236,30239,30242],{},[170,30237,30238],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[170,30240,30241],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[170,30243,30244],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,30246,30247],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[33,30249,30251],{"className":35,"code":30250,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[17,30252,30253,30262,30282,30302,30320,30324,30328,30338,30357],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30254,30255,30258,30260],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30256,30257],{"class":114},"tasks ",[42,30259,88],{"class":87},[42,30261,11847],{"class":56},[42,30263,30264,30266,30269,30271,30273,30275,30278,30280],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30265,11852],{"class":60},[42,30267,30268],{"class":64},"first",[42,30270,61],{"class":60},[42,30272,1935],{"class":56},[42,30274,73],{"class":60},[42,30276,30277],{"class":64},"wash dishes",[42,30279,61],{"class":60},[42,30281,11868],{"class":56},[42,30283,30284,30286,30289,30291,30293,30295,30298,30300],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,30285,11852],{"class":60},[42,30287,30288],{"class":64},"second",[42,30290,61],{"class":60},[42,30292,1935],{"class":56},[42,30294,73],{"class":60},[42,30296,30297],{"class":64},"do homework",[42,30299,61],{"class":60},[42,30301,11868],{"class":56},[42,30303,30304,30306,30309,30311,30313,30315,30318],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,30305,11852],{"class":60},[42,30307,30308],{"class":64},"third",[42,30310,61],{"class":60},[42,30312,1935],{"class":56},[42,30314,73],{"class":60},[42,30316,30317],{"class":64},"read book",[42,30319,3689],{"class":60},[42,30321,30322],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,30323,9659],{"class":56},[42,30325,30326],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,30327,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,30329,30330,30333,30336],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,30331,30332],{"class":48},"while",[42,30334,30335],{"class":114}," tasks",[42,30337,108],{"class":56},[42,30339,30340,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,30341,30342],{"class":114},"    key",[42,30344,70],{"class":56},[42,30346,21942],{"class":114},[42,30348,88],{"class":87},[42,30350,30335],{"class":114},[42,30352,122],{"class":56},[42,30354,28906],{"class":125},[42,30356,129],{"class":56},[42,30358,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30383],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,30360,135],{"class":52},[42,30362,57],{"class":56},[42,30364,22651],{"class":858},[42,30366,61],{"class":64},[42,30368,9628],{"class":2348},[42,30370,15198],{"class":125},[42,30372,22660],{"class":2348},[42,30374,22663],{"class":64},[42,30376,9628],{"class":2348},[42,30378,2803],{"class":125},[42,30380,22660],{"class":2348},[42,30382,61],{"class":64},[42,30384,143],{"class":56},[14,30386,30387],{},[177,30388,845],{},[33,30390,30392],{"className":35,"code":30391,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[17,30393,30394,30403,30412],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30395,30396,30398,30400],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30397,30308],{"class":114},[42,30399,1935],{"class":56},[42,30401,30402],{"class":114}," read book\n",[42,30404,30405,30407,30409],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30406,30288],{"class":114},[42,30408,1935],{"class":56},[42,30410,30411],{"class":114}," do homework\n",[42,30413,30414,30416,30418],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,30415,30268],{"class":114},[42,30417,1935],{"class":56},[42,30419,30420],{"class":114}," wash dishes\n",[14,30422,29420,30423,30425],{},[17,30424,13126],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[28,30427,1929],{"id":1928},[14,30429,15090,30430,1935],{},[17,30431,13126],{},[167,30433,30434,30448,30467,30478],{},[170,30435,30436,30441],{},[177,30437,30009,30438,30440],{},[17,30439,13126],{}," on an empty dictionary",[167,30442,30443],{},[170,30444,30445,30446,122],{},"This raises ",[17,30447,20046],{},[170,30449,30450,30455],{},[177,30451,8803,30452,30454],{},[17,30453,13126],{}," to remove a specific key",[167,30456,30457,30460],{},[170,30458,30459],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[170,30461,146,30462,30466],{},[693,30463,30464],{"href":12922},[17,30465,13119],{}," if you need that.",[170,30468,30469,30473],{},[177,30470,5045,30471,28058],{},[17,30472,13126],{},[167,30474,30475],{},[170,30476,30477],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[170,30479,30480,30483],{},[177,30481,30482],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[167,30484,30485],{},[170,30486,30487,751,30489,30491],{},[17,30488,13126],{},[17,30490,22013],{}," tuple.",[14,30493,30494],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[33,30496,30498],{"className":35,"code":30497,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[17,30499,30500,30510,30524,30528,30542],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30501,30502,30504,30506,30508],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30503,284],{"class":52},[42,30505,57],{"class":56},[42,30507,11804],{"class":125},[42,30509,143],{"class":56},[42,30511,30512,30514,30516,30518,30520,30522],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30513,284],{"class":52},[42,30515,57],{"class":56},[42,30517,11515],{"class":52},[42,30519,57],{"class":56},[42,30521,11804],{"class":125},[42,30523,842],{"class":56},[42,30525,30526],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,30527,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,30529,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,30531,28897],{"class":114},[42,30533,88],{"class":87},[42,30535,12121],{"class":114},[42,30537,122],{"class":56},[42,30539,28906],{"class":125},[42,30541,129],{"class":56},[42,30543,30544,30546,30548,30550],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,30545,284],{"class":52},[42,30547,57],{"class":56},[42,30549,23668],{"class":125},[42,30551,143],{"class":56},[14,30553,30554],{},"Or with unpacking:",[33,30556,30558],{"className":35,"code":30557,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[17,30559,30560,30578,30588],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30561,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30563,15198],{"class":114},[42,30565,70],{"class":56},[42,30567,21942],{"class":114},[42,30569,88],{"class":87},[42,30571,12121],{"class":114},[42,30573,122],{"class":56},[42,30575,28906],{"class":125},[42,30577,129],{"class":56},[42,30579,30580,30582,30584,30586],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30581,284],{"class":52},[42,30583,57],{"class":56},[42,30585,15198],{"class":125},[42,30587,143],{"class":56},[42,30589,30590,30592,30594,30596],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,30591,284],{"class":52},[42,30593,57],{"class":56},[42,30595,2803],{"class":125},[42,30597,143],{"class":56},[28,30599,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,30601,5485,30603,5488],{"id":30602},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[17,30604,13126],{},[14,30606,30607,30608,122],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[17,30609,30610],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1073,30612,13060,30614,30616],{"id":30613},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[17,30615,13126],{}," remove the last item?",[14,30618,30619],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1073,30621,30623,30624,30626],{"id":30622},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[17,30625,13126],{}," removes?",[14,30628,30629,30630,30634],{},"No. Use ",[693,30631,30632],{"href":12922},[17,30633,13119],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1073,30636,13060,30638,15253],{"id":30637},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[17,30639,13126],{},[14,30641,30642],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1073,30644,30646,30647,30649],{"id":30645},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[17,30648,13126],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,30651,30652,30653,30655,30656,122],{},"It raises ",[17,30654,20046],{}," with the message ",[17,30657,30056],{},[28,30659,2205],{"id":2204},[167,30661,30662,30669,30675,30681,30687,30694,30698,30702],{},[170,30663,30664],{},[693,30665,30666,30668],{"href":12922},[17,30667,13119],{}," method for dictionaries",[170,30670,30671],{},[693,30672,30673,30668],{"href":17434},[17,30674,17437],{},[170,30676,30677],{},[693,30678,30679,30668],{"href":17421},[17,30680,17424],{},[170,30682,30683],{},[693,30684,30685,30668],{"href":17427},[17,30686,17430],{},[170,30688,30689],{},[693,30690,30692,30668],{"href":30691},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[17,30693,11675],{},[170,30695,30696],{},[693,30697,13143],{"href":12929},[170,30699,30700],{},[693,30701,21815],{"href":16955},[170,30703,30704],{},[693,30705,30706,30707],{"href":30220},"Fix ",[17,30708,30223],{},[2245,30710,30711],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":30713},[30714,30715,30717,30718,30719,30720,30721,30722,30727,30732,30734,30735,30747],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":28993,"depth":111,"text":30716},"What popitem() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":29063,"depth":111,"text":29064},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":29416,"depth":111,"text":29417},{"id":29608,"depth":111,"text":29609},{"id":29736,"depth":111,"text":30723,"children":30724},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30725,30726],{"id":28906,"depth":132,"text":13126},{"id":26599,"depth":132,"text":13119},{"id":30005,"depth":111,"text":30006,"children":30728},[30729,30730],{"id":30062,"depth":132,"text":30063},{"id":30137,"depth":132,"text":30731},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30226,"depth":111,"text":30733},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":30736},[30737,30739,30741,30743,30745],{"id":30602,"depth":132,"text":30738},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30613,"depth":132,"text":30740},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30622,"depth":132,"text":30742},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30637,"depth":132,"text":30744},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30645,"depth":132,"text":30746},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28732,"description":30748},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30755,"title":30756,"body":30757,"description":32660,"extension":2285,"meta":32661,"navigation":2287,"path":14390,"seo":32662,"stem":32663,"__hash__":32664},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30758,"toc":32632},[30759,30764,30769,30772,30774,30871,30876,30881,30886,30889,30897,30900,30915,30917,31017,31019,31076,31080,31082,31085,31105,31110,31121,31124,31151,31154,31156,31213,31215,31236,31242,31247,31250,31261,31263,31371,31373,31426,31428,31440,31447,31453,31458,31461,31549,31551,31596,31599,31607,31610,31613,31682,31685,31688,31692,31695,31766,31768,31821,31824,31827,31830,31845,31848,31860,31863,31926,31928,31934,31936,31938,32017,32019,32060,32062,32127,32129,32166,32171,32176,32180,32194,32197,32320,32322,32407,32412,32414,32418,32440,32443,32523,32526,32545,32550,32552,32558,32563,32569,32572,32578,32581,32587,32592,32598,32604,32606,32629],[10,30760,11672,30762,11676],{"id":30761},"python-dictionary-update-method",[17,30763,15311],{},[14,30765,2303,30766,30768],{},[17,30767,15311],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30770,30771],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[28,30773,31],{"id":30},[33,30775,30777],{"className":35,"code":30776,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,30778,30779,30815,30856,30866],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30780,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30782,13562],{"class":114},[42,30784,88],{"class":87},[42,30786,10842],{"class":56},[42,30788,61],{"class":60},[42,30790,8016],{"class":64},[42,30792,61],{"class":60},[42,30794,1935],{"class":56},[42,30796,73],{"class":60},[42,30798,13237],{"class":64},[42,30800,61],{"class":60},[42,30802,70],{"class":56},[42,30804,73],{"class":60},[42,30806,9649],{"class":64},[42,30808,61],{"class":60},[42,30810,1935],{"class":56},[42,30812,8139],{"class":2348},[42,30814,9659],{"class":56},[42,30816,30817,30819,30821,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30818,17666],{"class":114},[42,30820,122],{"class":56},[42,30822,30823],{"class":125},"update",[42,30825,5874],{"class":56},[42,30827,61],{"class":60},[42,30829,9649],{"class":64},[42,30831,61],{"class":60},[42,30833,1935],{"class":56},[42,30835,30836],{"class":2348}," 21",[42,30838,70],{"class":56},[42,30840,73],{"class":60},[42,30842,10760],{"class":64},[42,30844,61],{"class":60},[42,30846,1935],{"class":56},[42,30848,73],{"class":60},[42,30850,16389],{"class":64},[42,30852,61],{"class":60},[42,30854,30855],{"class":56},"})\n",[42,30857,30858,30860,30862,30864],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,30859,284],{"class":52},[42,30861,57],{"class":56},[42,30863,17666],{"class":125},[42,30865,143],{"class":56},[42,30867,30868],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,30869,30870],{"class":525},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30872,146,30873,30875],{},[17,30874,15311],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[28,30877,4013,30879,4016],{"id":30878},"what-update-does",[17,30880,15311],{},[14,30882,30883,30885],{},[17,30884,15311],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30887,30888],{},"It can do two main things:",[167,30890,30891,30894],{},[170,30892,30893],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[170,30895,30896],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30898,30899],{},"Important things to know:",[167,30901,30902,30905,30908,30912],{},[170,30903,30904],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[170,30906,30907],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[170,30909,5491,30910],{},[17,30911,4115],{},[170,30913,30914],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30916,219],{},[33,30918,30920],{"className":35,"code":30919,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[17,30921,30922,30964,31007],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,30923,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30960,30962],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,30925,13220],{"class":114},[42,30927,88],{"class":87},[42,30929,10842],{"class":56},[42,30931,61],{"class":60},[42,30933,8016],{"class":64},[42,30935,61],{"class":60},[42,30937,1935],{"class":56},[42,30939,73],{"class":60},[42,30941,30942],{"class":64},"Mira",[42,30944,61],{"class":60},[42,30946,70],{"class":56},[42,30948,73],{"class":60},[42,30950,20250],{"class":64},[42,30952,61],{"class":60},[42,30954,1935],{"class":56},[42,30956,73],{"class":60},[42,30958,30959],{"class":64},"B",[42,30961,61],{"class":60},[42,30963,9659],{"class":56},[42,30965,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31003,31005],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,30967,13983],{"class":114},[42,30969,122],{"class":56},[42,30971,30823],{"class":125},[42,30973,5874],{"class":56},[42,30975,61],{"class":60},[42,30977,20250],{"class":64},[42,30979,61],{"class":60},[42,30981,1935],{"class":56},[42,30983,73],{"class":60},[42,30985,22602],{"class":64},[42,30987,61],{"class":60},[42,30989,70],{"class":56},[42,30991,73],{"class":60},[42,30993,10760],{"class":64},[42,30995,61],{"class":60},[42,30997,1935],{"class":56},[42,30999,73],{"class":60},[42,31001,31002],{"class":64},"Quito",[42,31004,61],{"class":60},[42,31006,30855],{"class":56},[42,31008,31009,31011,31013,31015],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31010,284],{"class":52},[42,31012,57],{"class":56},[42,31014,13983],{"class":125},[42,31016,143],{"class":56},[14,31018,2395],{},[33,31020,31022],{"className":35,"code":31021,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[17,31023,31024],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31025,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31027,9628],{"class":56},[42,31029,868],{"class":60},[42,31031,8016],{"class":64},[42,31033,868],{"class":60},[42,31035,1935],{"class":56},[42,31037,862],{"class":60},[42,31039,30942],{"class":64},[42,31041,868],{"class":60},[42,31043,70],{"class":56},[42,31045,862],{"class":60},[42,31047,20250],{"class":64},[42,31049,868],{"class":60},[42,31051,1935],{"class":56},[42,31053,862],{"class":60},[42,31055,22602],{"class":64},[42,31057,868],{"class":60},[42,31059,70],{"class":56},[42,31061,862],{"class":60},[42,31063,10760],{"class":64},[42,31065,868],{"class":60},[42,31067,1935],{"class":56},[42,31069,862],{"class":60},[42,31071,31002],{"class":64},[42,31073,868],{"class":60},[42,31075,9659],{"class":56},[14,31077,9502,31078,122],{},[693,31079,24986],{"href":9741},[28,31081,312],{"id":311},[14,31083,31084],{},"The basic form is:",[33,31086,31088],{"className":35,"code":31087,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[17,31089,31090],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31091,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31103],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31093,15962],{"class":114},[42,31095,122],{"class":56},[42,31097,30823],{"class":125},[42,31099,57],{"class":56},[42,31101,31102],{"class":125},"other",[42,31104,143],{"class":56},[14,31106,31107,31109],{},[17,31108,31102],{}," can be:",[167,31111,31112,31115,31118],{},[170,31113,31114],{},"Another dictionary",[170,31116,31117],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[170,31119,31120],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,31122,31123],{},"You can also use:",[33,31125,31127],{"className":35,"code":31126,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[17,31128,31129],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31130,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31132,15962],{"class":114},[42,31134,122],{"class":56},[42,31136,30823],{"class":125},[42,31138,57],{"class":56},[42,31140,8016],{"class":83},[42,31142,88],{"class":87},[42,31144,61],{"class":60},[42,31146,8025],{"class":64},[42,31148,61],{"class":60},[42,31150,143],{"class":56},[14,31152,31153],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,31155,219],{},[33,31157,31159],{"className":35,"code":31158,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[17,31160,31161,31181,31203],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31162,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31164,9516],{"class":114},[42,31166,88],{"class":87},[42,31168,10842],{"class":56},[42,31170,61],{"class":60},[42,31172,693],{"class":64},[42,31174,61],{"class":60},[42,31176,1935],{"class":56},[42,31178,5842],{"class":2348},[42,31180,9659],{"class":56},[42,31182,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,31184,9554],{"class":114},[42,31186,122],{"class":56},[42,31188,30823],{"class":125},[42,31190,5874],{"class":56},[42,31192,61],{"class":60},[42,31194,693],{"class":64},[42,31196,61],{"class":60},[42,31198,1935],{"class":56},[42,31200,6350],{"class":2348},[42,31202,30855],{"class":56},[42,31204,31205,31207,31209,31211],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31206,284],{"class":52},[42,31208,57],{"class":56},[42,31210,9554],{"class":125},[42,31212,143],{"class":56},[14,31214,2395],{},[33,31216,31218],{"className":35,"code":31217,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a': 10}\n",[17,31219,31220],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31221,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31223,9628],{"class":56},[42,31225,868],{"class":60},[42,31227,693],{"class":64},[42,31229,868],{"class":60},[42,31231,1935],{"class":56},[42,31233,6350],{"class":2348},[42,31235,9659],{"class":56},[28,31237,1940,31239,31241],{"id":31238},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[17,31240,15311],{}," with another dictionary",[14,31243,31244,31245,122],{},"This is the most common use of ",[17,31246,15311],{},[14,31248,31249],{},"It is useful when:",[167,31251,31252,31255,31258],{},[170,31253,31254],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[170,31256,31257],{},"Adding extra settings",[170,31259,31260],{},"Updating stored data",[14,31262,219],{},[33,31264,31266],{"className":35,"code":31265,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[17,31267,31268,31305,31342,31346,31361],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31269,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31303],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31271,14183],{"class":114},[42,31273,88],{"class":87},[42,31275,10842],{"class":56},[42,31277,61],{"class":60},[42,31279,12850],{"class":64},[42,31281,61],{"class":60},[42,31283,1935],{"class":56},[42,31285,73],{"class":60},[42,31287,21285],{"class":64},[42,31289,61],{"class":60},[42,31291,70],{"class":56},[42,31293,73],{"class":60},[42,31295,14208],{"class":64},[42,31297,61],{"class":60},[42,31299,1935],{"class":56},[42,31301,31302],{"class":2348}," 12",[42,31304,9659],{"class":56},[42,31306,31307,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,31308,31309],{"class":114},"new_settings ",[42,31311,88],{"class":87},[42,31313,10842],{"class":56},[42,31315,61],{"class":60},[42,31317,14208],{"class":64},[42,31319,61],{"class":60},[42,31321,1935],{"class":56},[42,31323,14215],{"class":2348},[42,31325,70],{"class":56},[42,31327,73],{"class":60},[42,31329,20481],{"class":64},[42,31331,61],{"class":60},[42,31333,1935],{"class":56},[42,31335,73],{"class":60},[42,31337,20515],{"class":64},[42,31339,61],{"class":60},[42,31341,9659],{"class":56},[42,31343,31344],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31345,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,31347,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31359],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,31349,14242],{"class":114},[42,31351,122],{"class":56},[42,31353,30823],{"class":125},[42,31355,57],{"class":56},[42,31357,31358],{"class":125},"new_settings",[42,31360,143],{"class":56},[42,31362,31363,31365,31367,31369],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,31364,284],{"class":52},[42,31366,57],{"class":56},[42,31368,14242],{"class":125},[42,31370,143],{"class":56},[14,31372,2395],{},[33,31374,31376],{"className":35,"code":31375,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[17,31377,31378],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31379,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31381,9628],{"class":56},[42,31383,868],{"class":60},[42,31385,12850],{"class":64},[42,31387,868],{"class":60},[42,31389,1935],{"class":56},[42,31391,862],{"class":60},[42,31393,21285],{"class":64},[42,31395,868],{"class":60},[42,31397,70],{"class":56},[42,31399,862],{"class":60},[42,31401,14208],{"class":64},[42,31403,868],{"class":60},[42,31405,1935],{"class":56},[42,31407,14215],{"class":2348},[42,31409,70],{"class":56},[42,31411,862],{"class":60},[42,31413,20481],{"class":64},[42,31415,868],{"class":60},[42,31417,1935],{"class":56},[42,31419,862],{"class":60},[42,31421,20515],{"class":64},[42,31423,868],{"class":60},[42,31425,9659],{"class":56},[14,31427,13766],{},[167,31429,31430,31435],{},[170,31431,31432,31434],{},[17,31433,14208],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[170,31436,31437,31439],{},[17,31438,20481],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,31441,31442,31443,122],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[693,31444,31446],{"href":31445},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[28,31448,1940,31450,31452],{"id":31449},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[17,31451,15311],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,31454,31455,31457],{},[17,31456,15311],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,31459,31460],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[33,31462,31464],{"className":35,"code":31463,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,31465,31466,31486,31521,31525,31539],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31467,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31469,5406],{"class":114},[42,31471,88],{"class":87},[42,31473,10842],{"class":56},[42,31475,61],{"class":60},[42,31477,18775],{"class":64},[42,31479,61],{"class":60},[42,31481,1935],{"class":56},[42,31483,20257],{"class":2348},[42,31485,9659],{"class":56},[42,31487,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31513,31515,31517,31519],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,31489,9565],{"class":114},[42,31491,88],{"class":87},[42,31493,9570],{"class":56},[42,31495,61],{"class":60},[42,31497,18784],{"class":64},[42,31499,61],{"class":60},[42,31501,70],{"class":56},[42,31503,13864],{"class":2348},[42,31505,9583],{"class":56},[42,31507,9586],{"class":56},[42,31509,61],{"class":60},[42,31511,31512],{"class":64},"english",[42,31514,61],{"class":60},[42,31516,70],{"class":56},[42,31518,29279],{"class":2348},[42,31520,9599],{"class":56},[42,31522,31523],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31524,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,31526,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,31528,16747],{"class":114},[42,31530,122],{"class":56},[42,31532,30823],{"class":125},[42,31534,57],{"class":56},[42,31536,9612],{"class":125},[42,31538,143],{"class":56},[42,31540,31541,31543,31545,31547],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,31542,284],{"class":52},[42,31544,57],{"class":56},[42,31546,16747],{"class":125},[42,31548,143],{"class":56},[14,31550,2395],{},[33,31552,31554],{"className":35,"code":31553,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[17,31555,31556],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31557,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31559,9628],{"class":56},[42,31561,868],{"class":60},[42,31563,18775],{"class":64},[42,31565,868],{"class":60},[42,31567,1935],{"class":56},[42,31569,20257],{"class":2348},[42,31571,70],{"class":56},[42,31573,862],{"class":60},[42,31575,18784],{"class":64},[42,31577,868],{"class":60},[42,31579,1935],{"class":56},[42,31581,13864],{"class":2348},[42,31583,70],{"class":56},[42,31585,862],{"class":60},[42,31587,31512],{"class":64},[42,31589,868],{"class":60},[42,31591,1935],{"class":56},[42,31593,29279],{"class":2348},[42,31595,9659],{"class":56},[14,31597,31598],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[167,31600,31601,31604],{},[170,31602,31603],{},"The key",[170,31605,31606],{},"The value",[14,31608,31609],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,31611,31612],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[33,31614,31616],{"className":35,"code":31615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[17,31617,31618,31638,31663,31667],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31619,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31621,9516],{"class":114},[42,31623,88],{"class":87},[42,31625,10842],{"class":56},[42,31627,61],{"class":60},[42,31629,693],{"class":64},[42,31631,61],{"class":60},[42,31633,1935],{"class":56},[42,31635,5842],{"class":2348},[42,31637,9659],{"class":56},[42,31639,31640,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,31641,31642],{"class":114},"bad_pairs ",[42,31644,88],{"class":87},[42,31646,9570],{"class":56},[42,31648,61],{"class":60},[42,31650,5102],{"class":64},[42,31652,61],{"class":60},[42,31654,70],{"class":56},[42,31656,3325],{"class":2348},[42,31658,70],{"class":56},[42,31660,2781],{"class":2348},[42,31662,9599],{"class":56},[42,31664,31665],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31666,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,31668,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31680],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,31670,9554],{"class":114},[42,31672,122],{"class":56},[42,31674,30823],{"class":125},[42,31676,57],{"class":56},[42,31678,31679],{"class":125},"bad_pairs",[42,31681,143],{"class":56},[14,31683,31684],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,31686,31687],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[28,31689,31691],{"id":31690},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,31693,31694],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[33,31696,31698],{"className":35,"code":31697,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[17,31699,31700,31724,31756],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31701,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31703,11842],{"class":114},[42,31705,88],{"class":87},[42,31707,10842],{"class":56},[42,31709,61],{"class":60},[42,31711,8016],{"class":64},[42,31713,61],{"class":60},[42,31715,1935],{"class":56},[42,31717,73],{"class":60},[42,31719,29272],{"class":64},[42,31721,61],{"class":60},[42,31723,9659],{"class":56},[42,31725,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742,31745,31747,31749,31752,31754],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,31727,11936],{"class":114},[42,31729,122],{"class":56},[42,31731,30823],{"class":125},[42,31733,57],{"class":56},[42,31735,9649],{"class":83},[42,31737,88],{"class":87},[42,31739,9543],{"class":2348},[42,31741,70],{"class":56},[42,31743,31744],{"class":83}," city",[42,31746,88],{"class":87},[42,31748,61],{"class":60},[42,31750,31751],{"class":64},"Madrid",[42,31753,61],{"class":60},[42,31755,143],{"class":56},[42,31757,31758,31760,31762,31764],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31759,284],{"class":52},[42,31761,57],{"class":56},[42,31763,11936],{"class":125},[42,31765,143],{"class":56},[14,31767,2395],{},[33,31769,31771],{"className":35,"code":31770,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[17,31772,31773],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31774,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31776,9628],{"class":56},[42,31778,868],{"class":60},[42,31780,8016],{"class":64},[42,31782,868],{"class":60},[42,31784,1935],{"class":56},[42,31786,862],{"class":60},[42,31788,29272],{"class":64},[42,31790,868],{"class":60},[42,31792,70],{"class":56},[42,31794,862],{"class":60},[42,31796,9649],{"class":64},[42,31798,868],{"class":60},[42,31800,1935],{"class":56},[42,31802,9656],{"class":2348},[42,31804,70],{"class":56},[42,31806,862],{"class":60},[42,31808,10760],{"class":64},[42,31810,868],{"class":60},[42,31812,1935],{"class":56},[42,31814,862],{"class":60},[42,31816,31751],{"class":64},[42,31818,868],{"class":60},[42,31820,9659],{"class":56},[14,31822,31823],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31825,31826],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31828,31829],{},"These work:",[167,31831,31832,31836,31840],{},[170,31833,31834],{},[17,31835,9649],{},[170,31837,31838],{},[17,31839,10760],{},[170,31841,31842],{},[17,31843,31844],{},"first_name",[14,31846,31847],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[167,31849,31850,31855],{},[170,31851,31852],{},[17,31853,31854],{},"\"first name\"",[170,31856,31857],{},[17,31858,31859],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31861,31862],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[33,31864,31866],{"className":35,"code":31865,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[17,31867,31868,31876,31916],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31869,31870,31872,31874],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31871,11842],{"class":114},[42,31873,88],{"class":87},[42,31875,10189],{"class":56},[42,31877,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31907,31909,31911,31914],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,31879,11936],{"class":114},[42,31881,122],{"class":56},[42,31883,30823],{"class":125},[42,31885,5874],{"class":56},[42,31887,61],{"class":60},[42,31889,10864],{"class":64},[42,31891,61],{"class":60},[42,31893,1935],{"class":56},[42,31895,73],{"class":60},[42,31897,29272],{"class":64},[42,31899,61],{"class":60},[42,31901,70],{"class":56},[42,31903,73],{"class":60},[42,31905,31906],{"class":64},"user-id",[42,31908,61],{"class":60},[42,31910,1935],{"class":56},[42,31912,31913],{"class":2348}," 1001",[42,31915,30855],{"class":56},[42,31917,31918,31920,31922,31924],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31919,284],{"class":52},[42,31921,57],{"class":56},[42,31923,11936],{"class":125},[42,31925,143],{"class":56},[28,31927,17778],{"id":17777},[14,31929,31930,2726,31932,122],{},[17,31931,15311],{},[17,31933,4115],{},[14,31935,14406],{},[14,31937,25066],{},[33,31939,31941],{"className":35,"code":31940,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[17,31942,31943,31967,31993,31997,32007],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,31944,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,31946,13562],{"class":114},[42,31948,88],{"class":87},[42,31950,10842],{"class":56},[42,31952,61],{"class":60},[42,31954,8016],{"class":64},[42,31956,61],{"class":60},[42,31958,1935],{"class":56},[42,31960,73],{"class":60},[42,31962,13237],{"class":64},[42,31964,61],{"class":60},[42,31966,9659],{"class":56},[42,31968,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,31970,2555],{"class":114},[42,31972,88],{"class":87},[42,31974,13605],{"class":114},[42,31976,122],{"class":56},[42,31978,30823],{"class":125},[42,31980,5874],{"class":56},[42,31982,61],{"class":60},[42,31984,9649],{"class":64},[42,31986,61],{"class":60},[42,31988,1935],{"class":56},[42,31990,8139],{"class":2348},[42,31992,30855],{"class":56},[42,31994,31995],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,31996,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,31998,31999,32001,32003,32005],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,32000,284],{"class":52},[42,32002,57],{"class":56},[42,32004,2592],{"class":125},[42,32006,143],{"class":56},[42,32008,32009,32011,32013,32015],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,32010,284],{"class":52},[42,32012,57],{"class":56},[42,32014,17666],{"class":125},[42,32016,143],{"class":56},[14,32018,2395],{},[33,32020,32022],{"className":35,"code":32021,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[17,32023,32024,32028],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32025,32026],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32027,12163],{"class":4190},[42,32029,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32031,9628],{"class":56},[42,32033,868],{"class":60},[42,32035,8016],{"class":64},[42,32037,868],{"class":60},[42,32039,1935],{"class":56},[42,32041,862],{"class":60},[42,32043,13237],{"class":64},[42,32045,868],{"class":60},[42,32047,70],{"class":56},[42,32049,862],{"class":60},[42,32051,9649],{"class":64},[42,32053,868],{"class":60},[42,32055,1935],{"class":56},[42,32057,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32059,9659],{"class":56},[14,32061,17014],{},[33,32063,32065],{"className":35,"code":32064,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[17,32066,32067,32091,32113,32117],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32068,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32070,13562],{"class":114},[42,32072,88],{"class":87},[42,32074,10842],{"class":56},[42,32076,61],{"class":60},[42,32078,8016],{"class":64},[42,32080,61],{"class":60},[42,32082,1935],{"class":56},[42,32084,73],{"class":60},[42,32086,13237],{"class":64},[42,32088,61],{"class":60},[42,32090,9659],{"class":56},[42,32092,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32094,17666],{"class":114},[42,32096,122],{"class":56},[42,32098,30823],{"class":125},[42,32100,5874],{"class":56},[42,32102,61],{"class":60},[42,32104,9649],{"class":64},[42,32106,61],{"class":60},[42,32108,1935],{"class":56},[42,32110,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32112,30855],{"class":56},[42,32114,32115],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,32116,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,32118,32119,32121,32123,32125],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,32120,284],{"class":52},[42,32122,57],{"class":56},[42,32124,17666],{"class":125},[42,32126,143],{"class":56},[14,32128,2395],{},[33,32130,32132],{"className":35,"code":32131,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[17,32133,32134],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32135,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32137,9628],{"class":56},[42,32139,868],{"class":60},[42,32141,8016],{"class":64},[42,32143,868],{"class":60},[42,32145,1935],{"class":56},[42,32147,862],{"class":60},[42,32149,13237],{"class":64},[42,32151,868],{"class":60},[42,32153,70],{"class":56},[42,32155,862],{"class":60},[42,32157,9649],{"class":64},[42,32159,868],{"class":60},[42,32161,1935],{"class":56},[42,32163,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32165,9659],{"class":56},[14,32167,32168,32169,122],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[693,32170,18263],{"href":11083},[28,32172,5303,32174],{"id":32173},"when-to-use-update",[17,32175,15311],{},[14,32177,146,32178,10953],{},[17,32179,15311],{},[167,32181,32182,32185,32188,32191],{},[170,32183,32184],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[170,32186,32187],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[170,32189,32190],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[170,32192,32193],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,32195,32196],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[33,32198,32200],{"className":35,"code":32199,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[17,32201,32202,32238,32253,32257,32296,32300,32310],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32203,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32205,12441],{"class":114},[42,32207,88],{"class":87},[42,32209,10842],{"class":56},[42,32211,61],{"class":60},[42,32213,8016],{"class":64},[42,32215,61],{"class":60},[42,32217,1935],{"class":56},[42,32219,73],{"class":60},[42,32221,13237],{"class":64},[42,32223,61],{"class":60},[42,32225,70],{"class":56},[42,32227,73],{"class":60},[42,32229,9649],{"class":64},[42,32231,61],{"class":60},[42,32233,1935],{"class":56},[42,32235,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32237,9659],{"class":56},[42,32239,32240,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32241,32242],{"class":114},"updated ",[42,32244,88],{"class":87},[42,32246,12516],{"class":114},[42,32248,122],{"class":56},[42,32250,13268],{"class":125},[42,32252,129],{"class":56},[42,32254,32255],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,32256,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,32258,32259,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278,32280,32282,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292,32294],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,32260,32261],{"class":114},"updated",[42,32263,122],{"class":56},[42,32265,30823],{"class":125},[42,32267,5874],{"class":56},[42,32269,61],{"class":60},[42,32271,9649],{"class":64},[42,32273,61],{"class":60},[42,32275,1935],{"class":56},[42,32277,30836],{"class":2348},[42,32279,70],{"class":56},[42,32281,73],{"class":60},[42,32283,10760],{"class":64},[42,32285,61],{"class":60},[42,32287,1935],{"class":56},[42,32289,73],{"class":60},[42,32291,16389],{"class":64},[42,32293,61],{"class":60},[42,32295,30855],{"class":56},[42,32297,32298],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,32299,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,32301,32302,32304,32306,32308],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,32303,284],{"class":52},[42,32305,57],{"class":56},[42,32307,12488],{"class":125},[42,32309,143],{"class":56},[42,32311,32312,32314,32316,32318],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,32313,284],{"class":52},[42,32315,57],{"class":56},[42,32317,32261],{"class":125},[42,32319,143],{"class":56},[14,32321,2395],{},[33,32323,32325],{"className":35,"code":32324,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,32326,32327,32359],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32328,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32330,9628],{"class":56},[42,32332,868],{"class":60},[42,32334,8016],{"class":64},[42,32336,868],{"class":60},[42,32338,1935],{"class":56},[42,32340,862],{"class":60},[42,32342,13237],{"class":64},[42,32344,868],{"class":60},[42,32346,70],{"class":56},[42,32348,862],{"class":60},[42,32350,9649],{"class":64},[42,32352,868],{"class":60},[42,32354,1935],{"class":56},[42,32356,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32358,9659],{"class":56},[42,32360,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32362,9628],{"class":56},[42,32364,868],{"class":60},[42,32366,8016],{"class":64},[42,32368,868],{"class":60},[42,32370,1935],{"class":56},[42,32372,862],{"class":60},[42,32374,13237],{"class":64},[42,32376,868],{"class":60},[42,32378,70],{"class":56},[42,32380,862],{"class":60},[42,32382,9649],{"class":64},[42,32384,868],{"class":60},[42,32386,1935],{"class":56},[42,32388,30836],{"class":2348},[42,32390,70],{"class":56},[42,32392,862],{"class":60},[42,32394,10760],{"class":64},[42,32396,868],{"class":60},[42,32398,1935],{"class":56},[42,32400,862],{"class":60},[42,32402,16389],{"class":64},[42,32404,868],{"class":60},[42,32406,9659],{"class":56},[14,32408,32409,32410,122],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[693,32411,16956],{"href":16955},[28,32413,1929],{"id":1928},[14,32415,11100,32416,1935],{},[17,32417,15311],{},[167,32419,32420,32427,32431,32434,32437],{},[170,32421,12950,32422,32424,32425],{},[17,32423,15311],{}," to a variable and getting ",[17,32426,4115],{},[170,32428,8803,32429,12958],{},[17,32430,15311],{},[170,32432,32433],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[170,32435,32436],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[170,32438,32439],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,32441,32442],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[33,32444,32446],{"className":35,"code":32445,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[17,32447,32448,32458,32472,32486,32508],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32449,32450,32452,32454,32456],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32451,284],{"class":52},[42,32453,57],{"class":56},[42,32455,11804],{"class":125},[42,32457,143],{"class":56},[42,32459,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32461,284],{"class":52},[42,32463,57],{"class":56},[42,32465,835],{"class":834},[42,32467,57],{"class":56},[42,32469,9554],{"class":125},[42,32471,842],{"class":56},[42,32473,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,32475,284],{"class":52},[42,32477,57],{"class":56},[42,32479,8443],{"class":834},[42,32481,57],{"class":56},[42,32483,9554],{"class":125},[42,32485,842],{"class":56},[42,32487,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,32489,284],{"class":52},[42,32491,57],{"class":56},[42,32493,11804],{"class":125},[42,32495,122],{"class":56},[42,32497,20109],{"class":125},[42,32499,57],{"class":56},[42,32501,868],{"class":60},[42,32503,15198],{"class":64},[42,32505,868],{"class":60},[42,32507,842],{"class":56},[42,32509,32510,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,32511,32512],{"class":52},"help",[42,32514,57],{"class":56},[42,32516,9171],{"class":834},[42,32518,122],{"class":56},[42,32520,30823],{"class":2022},[42,32522,143],{"class":56},[14,32524,32525],{},"These can help you check:",[167,32527,32528,32531,32536,32539,32542],{},[170,32529,32530],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[170,32532,32533,32534],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[17,32535,15311],{},[170,32537,32538],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[170,32540,32541],{},"Whether a key exists",[170,32543,32544],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,32546,32547,32548,122],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[693,32549,11616],{"href":11427},[28,32551,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,32553,13060,32555,32557],{"id":32554},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[17,32556,15311],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,32559,32560,32561,122],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[17,32562,4115],{},[1073,32564,13060,32566,32568],{"id":32565},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[17,32567,15311],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,32570,32571],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1073,32573,5513,32575,32577],{"id":32574},"can-update-add-new-keys",[17,32576,15311],{}," add new keys?",[14,32579,32580],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1073,32582,28687,32584,32586],{"id":32583},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[17,32585,15311],{}," with a list?",[14,32588,32589,32590,122],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[17,32591,11448],{},[1073,32593,2171,32595,32597],{"id":32594},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[17,32596,15311],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,32599,32600,32601,32603],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[17,32602,15311],{}," can change many keys at once.",[28,32605,2205],{"id":2204},[167,32607,32608,32612,32616,32621,32625],{},[170,32609,32610],{},[693,32611,26453],{"href":9741},[170,32613,32614],{},[693,32615,11605],{"href":11083},[170,32617,32618],{},[693,32619,32620],{"href":31445},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[170,32622,32623],{},[693,32624,21815],{"href":16955},[170,32626,32627],{},[693,32628,11616],{"href":11427},[2245,32630,32631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":32633},[32634,32635,32637,32638,32640,32642,32643,32644,32646,32647,32659],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":30878,"depth":111,"text":32636},"What update() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":31238,"depth":111,"text":32639},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31449,"depth":111,"text":32641},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31690,"depth":111,"text":31691},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":32173,"depth":111,"text":32645},"When to use update()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":32648},[32649,32651,32653,32655,32657],{"id":32554,"depth":132,"text":32650},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32565,"depth":132,"text":32652},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32574,"depth":132,"text":32654},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32583,"depth":132,"text":32656},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32594,"depth":132,"text":32658},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30756,"description":32660},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32666,"title":32667,"body":32668,"description":34657,"extension":2285,"meta":34658,"navigation":2287,"path":23252,"seo":34659,"stem":34660,"__hash__":34661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32669,"toc":34620},[32670,32675,32682,32685,32687,32786,32788,32843,32848,32853,32867,32872,32874,32889,32891,32905,32918,32923,32929,32936,32938,33045,33047,33096,33102,33177,33179,33200,33202,33205,33310,33312,33367,33369,33397,33401,33406,33485,33487,33507,33509,33520,33530,33534,33539,33643,33645,33670,33673,33684,33689,33698,33701,33718,33720,33807,33809,33872,33874,33897,33899,33904,33910,33915,33917,33956,33962,33965,33984,33995,34001,34004,34077,34079,34098,34103,34106,34129,34135,34138,34202,34205,34282,34289,34292,34351,34357,34359,34378,34382,34385,34436,34439,34459,34461,34522,34524,34529,34534,34539,34544,34549,34554,34560,34563,34572,34580,34582,34617],[10,32671,11672,32673,11676],{"id":32672},"python-dictionary-values-method",[17,32674,17430],{},[14,32676,32677,32678,32681],{},"The Python ",[17,32679,32680],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,32683,32684],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[28,32686,31],{"id":30},[33,32688,32690],{"className":35,"code":32689,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[17,32691,32692,32744,32758,32762,32772],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32693,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32695,13220],{"class":114},[42,32697,88],{"class":87},[42,32699,10842],{"class":56},[42,32701,61],{"class":60},[42,32703,8016],{"class":64},[42,32705,61],{"class":60},[42,32707,1935],{"class":56},[42,32709,73],{"class":60},[42,32711,13237],{"class":64},[42,32713,61],{"class":60},[42,32715,70],{"class":56},[42,32717,73],{"class":60},[42,32719,9649],{"class":64},[42,32721,61],{"class":60},[42,32723,1935],{"class":56},[42,32725,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32727,70],{"class":56},[42,32729,73],{"class":60},[42,32731,10760],{"class":64},[42,32733,61],{"class":60},[42,32735,1935],{"class":56},[42,32737,73],{"class":60},[42,32739,16389],{"class":64},[42,32741,61],{"class":60},[42,32743,9659],{"class":56},[42,32745,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754,32756],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32747,4160],{"class":114},[42,32749,88],{"class":87},[42,32751,13263],{"class":114},[42,32753,122],{"class":56},[42,32755,5702],{"class":125},[42,32757,129],{"class":56},[42,32759,32760],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,32761,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,32763,32764,32766,32768,32770],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,32765,284],{"class":52},[42,32767,57],{"class":56},[42,32769,5702],{"class":125},[42,32771,143],{"class":56},[42,32773,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,32775,284],{"class":52},[42,32777,57],{"class":56},[42,32779,8443],{"class":834},[42,32781,57],{"class":56},[42,32783,5702],{"class":125},[42,32785,842],{"class":56},[14,32787,2395],{},[33,32789,32791],{"className":35,"code":32790,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[17,32792,32793,32819],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32794,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815,32817],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32796,17396],{"class":125},[42,32798,3317],{"class":56},[42,32800,868],{"class":60},[42,32802,13237],{"class":64},[42,32804,868],{"class":60},[42,32806,70],{"class":56},[42,32808,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32810,70],{"class":56},[42,32812,862],{"class":60},[42,32814,16389],{"class":64},[42,32816,868],{"class":60},[42,32818,4226],{"class":56},[42,32820,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32822,4238],{"class":56},[42,32824,868],{"class":60},[42,32826,13237],{"class":64},[42,32828,868],{"class":60},[42,32830,70],{"class":56},[42,32832,8139],{"class":2348},[42,32834,70],{"class":56},[42,32836,862],{"class":60},[42,32838,16389],{"class":64},[42,32840,868],{"class":60},[42,32842,3970],{"class":56},[14,32844,32845,32847],{},[17,32846,17430],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[28,32849,4013,32851,4016],{"id":32850},"what-values-does",[17,32852,17430],{},[167,32854,32855,32858,32861,32864],{},[170,32856,32857],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[170,32859,32860],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[170,32862,32863],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[170,32865,32866],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32868,32869,32870,122],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[693,32871,9742],{"href":9741},[28,32873,312],{"id":311},[33,32875,32877],{"className":35,"code":32876,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_dict.values()\n",[17,32878,32879],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32880,32881,32883,32885,32887],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32882,11804],{"class":114},[42,32884,122],{"class":56},[42,32886,5702],{"class":125},[42,32888,129],{"class":56},[14,32890,13409],{},[167,32892,32893,32897,32900],{},[170,32894,32895,11819],{},[17,32896,17430],{},[170,32898,32899],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[170,32901,32902,32903],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[17,32904,17430],{},[14,32906,32907,32908,1753,32913,122],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[693,32909,32910,32912],{"href":17421},[17,32911,17424],{}," for dictionary keys",[693,32914,32915,32917],{"href":17434},[17,32916,17437],{}," for key-value pairs",[28,32919,4013,32921,12060],{"id":32920},"what-values-returns",[17,32922,17430],{},[14,32924,32925,751,32927,25121],{},[17,32926,17430],{},[17,32928,17396],{},[14,32930,32931,32932,32935],{},"This object is a ",[177,32933,32934],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32937,219],{},[33,32939,32941],{"className":35,"code":32940,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[17,32942,32943,32979,32983,32998,33009,33013,33035],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,32944,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953,32955,32957,32959,32961,32963,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975,32977],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,32946,13562],{"class":114},[42,32948,88],{"class":87},[42,32950,10842],{"class":56},[42,32952,61],{"class":60},[42,32954,8016],{"class":64},[42,32956,61],{"class":60},[42,32958,1935],{"class":56},[42,32960,73],{"class":60},[42,32962,8271],{"class":64},[42,32964,61],{"class":60},[42,32966,70],{"class":56},[42,32968,73],{"class":60},[42,32970,9649],{"class":64},[42,32972,61],{"class":60},[42,32974,1935],{"class":56},[42,32976,9656],{"class":2348},[42,32978,9659],{"class":56},[42,32980,32981],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,32982,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,32984,32985,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,32986,32987],{"class":114},"values_view ",[42,32989,88],{"class":87},[42,32991,13605],{"class":114},[42,32993,122],{"class":56},[42,32995,5702],{"class":125},[42,32997,129],{"class":56},[42,32999,33000,33002,33004,33007],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,33001,284],{"class":52},[42,33003,57],{"class":56},[42,33005,33006],{"class":125},"values_view",[42,33008,143],{"class":56},[42,33010,33011],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,33012,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33014,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,33016,17666],{"class":114},[42,33018,4238],{"class":56},[42,33020,61],{"class":60},[42,33022,10760],{"class":64},[42,33024,61],{"class":60},[42,33026,13631],{"class":56},[42,33028,232],{"class":87},[42,33030,73],{"class":60},[42,33032,31002],{"class":64},[42,33034,3689],{"class":60},[42,33036,33037,33039,33041,33043],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,33038,284],{"class":52},[42,33040,57],{"class":56},[42,33042,33006],{"class":125},[42,33044,143],{"class":56},[14,33046,2395],{},[33,33048,33050],{"className":35,"code":33049,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[17,33051,33052,33070],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33053,33054,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33055,17396],{"class":125},[42,33057,3317],{"class":56},[42,33059,868],{"class":60},[42,33061,8271],{"class":64},[42,33063,868],{"class":60},[42,33065,70],{"class":56},[42,33067,9656],{"class":2348},[42,33069,4226],{"class":56},[42,33071,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33073,17396],{"class":125},[42,33075,3317],{"class":56},[42,33077,868],{"class":60},[42,33079,8271],{"class":64},[42,33081,868],{"class":60},[42,33083,70],{"class":56},[42,33085,9656],{"class":2348},[42,33087,70],{"class":56},[42,33089,862],{"class":60},[42,33091,31002],{"class":64},[42,33093,868],{"class":60},[42,33095,4226],{"class":56},[14,33097,33098,33099,122],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[17,33100,33101],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[33,33103,33105],{"className":35,"code":33104,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[17,33106,33107,33143,33162,33166],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33108,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33110,13562],{"class":114},[42,33112,88],{"class":87},[42,33114,10842],{"class":56},[42,33116,61],{"class":60},[42,33118,8016],{"class":64},[42,33120,61],{"class":60},[42,33122,1935],{"class":56},[42,33124,73],{"class":60},[42,33126,8271],{"class":64},[42,33128,61],{"class":60},[42,33130,70],{"class":56},[42,33132,73],{"class":60},[42,33134,9649],{"class":64},[42,33136,61],{"class":60},[42,33138,1935],{"class":56},[42,33140,9656],{"class":2348},[42,33142,9659],{"class":56},[42,33144,33145,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33146,33147],{"class":114},"values_list ",[42,33149,88],{"class":87},[42,33151,22917],{"class":834},[42,33153,57],{"class":56},[42,33155,17666],{"class":125},[42,33157,122],{"class":56},[42,33159,5702],{"class":125},[42,33161,584],{"class":56},[42,33163,33164],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,33165,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33167,33168,33170,33172,33175],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,33169,284],{"class":52},[42,33171,57],{"class":56},[42,33173,33174],{"class":125},"values_list",[42,33176,143],{"class":56},[14,33178,2395],{},[33,33180,33182],{"className":35,"code":33181,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Mia', 25]\n",[17,33183,33184],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33185,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33187,4238],{"class":56},[42,33189,868],{"class":60},[42,33191,8271],{"class":64},[42,33193,868],{"class":60},[42,33195,70],{"class":56},[42,33197,9656],{"class":2348},[42,33199,3970],{"class":56},[28,33201,11829],{"id":11828},[14,33203,33204],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[33,33206,33208],{"className":35,"code":33207,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,33209,33210,33264,33268,33282,33286,33296],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33211,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33245,33247,33249,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33213,25153],{"class":114},[42,33215,88],{"class":87},[42,33217,10842],{"class":56},[42,33219,61],{"class":60},[42,33221,25162],{"class":64},[42,33223,61],{"class":60},[42,33225,1935],{"class":56},[42,33227,73],{"class":60},[42,33229,25171],{"class":64},[42,33231,61],{"class":60},[42,33233,70],{"class":56},[42,33235,73],{"class":60},[42,33237,25180],{"class":64},[42,33239,61],{"class":60},[42,33241,1935],{"class":56},[42,33243,33244],{"class":2348}," 2022",[42,33246,70],{"class":56},[42,33248,73],{"class":60},[42,33250,33251],{"class":64},"color",[42,33253,61],{"class":60},[42,33255,1935],{"class":56},[42,33257,73],{"class":60},[42,33259,13467],{"class":64},[42,33261,61],{"class":60},[42,33263,9659],{"class":56},[42,33265,33266],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33267,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33269,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,33271,2555],{"class":114},[42,33273,88],{"class":87},[42,33275,25202],{"class":114},[42,33277,122],{"class":56},[42,33279,5702],{"class":125},[42,33281,129],{"class":56},[42,33283,33284],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,33285,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33287,33288,33290,33292,33294],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,33289,284],{"class":52},[42,33291,57],{"class":56},[42,33293,2592],{"class":125},[42,33295,143],{"class":56},[42,33297,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,33299,284],{"class":52},[42,33301,57],{"class":56},[42,33303,8443],{"class":834},[42,33305,57],{"class":56},[42,33307,2592],{"class":125},[42,33309,842],{"class":56},[14,33311,2395],{},[33,33313,33315],{"className":35,"code":33314,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[17,33316,33317,33343],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33318,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33320,17396],{"class":125},[42,33322,3317],{"class":56},[42,33324,868],{"class":60},[42,33326,25171],{"class":64},[42,33328,868],{"class":60},[42,33330,70],{"class":56},[42,33332,33244],{"class":2348},[42,33334,70],{"class":56},[42,33336,862],{"class":60},[42,33338,13467],{"class":64},[42,33340,868],{"class":60},[42,33342,4226],{"class":56},[42,33344,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33346,4238],{"class":56},[42,33348,868],{"class":60},[42,33350,25171],{"class":64},[42,33352,868],{"class":60},[42,33354,70],{"class":56},[42,33356,33244],{"class":2348},[42,33358,70],{"class":56},[42,33360,862],{"class":60},[42,33362,13467],{"class":64},[42,33364,868],{"class":60},[42,33366,3970],{"class":56},[14,33368,12038],{},[167,33370,33371,33377,33383,33391],{},[170,33372,33373,33376],{},[17,33374,33375],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[170,33378,33379,33382],{},[17,33380,33381],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[170,33384,33385,33388,33389,24975],{},[17,33386,33387],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[17,33390,17396],{},[170,33392,33393,33396],{},[17,33394,33395],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[28,33398,33400],{"id":33399},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,33402,33403,33404,26422],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[17,33405,6303],{},[33,33407,33409],{"className":35,"code":33408,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[17,33410,33411,33455,33459,33475],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33412,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33414,5406],{"class":114},[42,33416,88],{"class":87},[42,33418,10842],{"class":56},[42,33420,61],{"class":60},[42,33422,18775],{"class":64},[42,33424,61],{"class":60},[42,33426,1935],{"class":56},[42,33428,20257],{"class":2348},[42,33430,70],{"class":56},[42,33432,73],{"class":60},[42,33434,31512],{"class":64},[42,33436,61],{"class":60},[42,33438,1935],{"class":56},[42,33440,13864],{"class":2348},[42,33442,70],{"class":56},[42,33444,73],{"class":60},[42,33446,18784],{"class":64},[42,33448,61],{"class":60},[42,33450,1935],{"class":56},[42,33452,29279],{"class":2348},[42,33454,9659],{"class":56},[42,33456,33457],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33458,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33460,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,33462,6303],{"class":48},[42,33464,21942],{"class":114},[42,33466,1299],{"class":48},[42,33468,5453],{"class":114},[42,33470,122],{"class":56},[42,33472,5702],{"class":125},[42,33474,21953],{"class":56},[42,33476,33477,33479,33481,33483],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,33478,135],{"class":52},[42,33480,57],{"class":56},[42,33482,2803],{"class":125},[42,33484,143],{"class":56},[14,33486,2395],{},[33,33488,33490],{"className":35,"code":33489,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"90\n85\n88\n",[17,33491,33492,33497,33502],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33493,33494],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33495,33496],{"class":2348},"90\n",[42,33498,33499],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33500,33501],{"class":2348},"85\n",[42,33503,33504],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,33505,33506],{"class":2348},"88\n",[14,33508,18069],{},[167,33510,33511,33514,33517],{},[170,33512,33513],{},"You only need the values",[170,33515,33516],{},"You do not care about the keys",[170,33518,33519],{},"You want simpler code",[14,33521,33522,33523,1327,33527,122],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[693,33524,11089,33525,11093],{"href":17434},[17,33526,17437],{},[693,33528,22832],{"href":33529},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[28,33531,33533],{"id":33532},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,33535,146,33536,33538],{},[17,33537,33101],{}," when you need a list.",[33,33540,33542],{"className":35,"code":33541,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[17,33543,33544,33590,33594,33614,33618,33629],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33545,33546,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33582,33584,33586,33588],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33547,33548],{"class":114},"fruit_prices ",[42,33550,88],{"class":87},[42,33552,10842],{"class":56},[42,33554,61],{"class":60},[42,33556,4418],{"class":64},[42,33558,61],{"class":60},[42,33560,1935],{"class":56},[42,33562,3325],{"class":2348},[42,33564,70],{"class":56},[42,33566,73],{"class":60},[42,33568,4427],{"class":64},[42,33570,61],{"class":60},[42,33572,1935],{"class":56},[42,33574,5842],{"class":2348},[42,33576,70],{"class":56},[42,33578,73],{"class":60},[42,33580,33581],{"class":64},"orange",[42,33583,61],{"class":60},[42,33585,1935],{"class":56},[42,33587,2781],{"class":2348},[42,33589,9659],{"class":56},[42,33591,33592],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33593,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33595,33596,33599,33601,33603,33605,33608,33610,33612],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,33597,33598],{"class":114},"price_list ",[42,33600,88],{"class":87},[42,33602,22917],{"class":834},[42,33604,57],{"class":56},[42,33606,33607],{"class":125},"fruit_prices",[42,33609,122],{"class":56},[42,33611,5702],{"class":125},[42,33613,584],{"class":56},[42,33615,33616],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,33617,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33619,33620,33622,33624,33627],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,33621,284],{"class":52},[42,33623,57],{"class":56},[42,33625,33626],{"class":125},"price_list",[42,33628,143],{"class":56},[42,33630,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,33632,284],{"class":52},[42,33634,57],{"class":56},[42,33636,33626],{"class":125},[42,33638,4238],{"class":56},[42,33640,2445],{"class":2348},[42,33642,4226],{"class":56},[14,33644,2395],{},[33,33646,33648],{"className":35,"code":33647,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[17,33649,33650,33666],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33651,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33653,4238],{"class":56},[42,33655,2381],{"class":2348},[42,33657,70],{"class":56},[42,33659,5842],{"class":2348},[42,33661,70],{"class":56},[42,33663,2781],{"class":2348},[42,33665,3970],{"class":56},[42,33667,33668],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33669,17415],{"class":2348},[14,33671,33672],{},"This is helpful for:",[167,33674,33675,33678,33681],{},[170,33676,33677],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[170,33679,33680],{},"Accessing values by index",[170,33682,33683],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,33685,4263,33686,33688],{},[17,33687,17396],{}," is not the same as a list.",[28,33690,33692,10937,33694,10937,33696],{"id":33691},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[17,33693,17430],{},[17,33695,17424],{},[17,33697,17437],{},[14,33699,33700],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[167,33702,33703,33708,33713],{},[170,33704,33705,33707],{},[17,33706,17430],{}," returns only the values",[170,33709,33710,33712],{},[17,33711,17424],{}," returns only the keys",[170,33714,33715,33717],{},[17,33716,17437],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,33719,515],{},[33,33721,33723],{"className":35,"code":33722,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[17,33724,33725,33761,33765,33779,33793],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33726,33727,33729,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741,33743,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33728,13220],{"class":114},[42,33730,88],{"class":87},[42,33732,10842],{"class":56},[42,33734,61],{"class":60},[42,33736,8016],{"class":64},[42,33738,61],{"class":60},[42,33740,1935],{"class":56},[42,33742,73],{"class":60},[42,33744,13237],{"class":64},[42,33746,61],{"class":60},[42,33748,70],{"class":56},[42,33750,73],{"class":60},[42,33752,9649],{"class":64},[42,33754,61],{"class":60},[42,33756,1935],{"class":56},[42,33758,8139],{"class":2348},[42,33760,9659],{"class":56},[42,33762,33763],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33764,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,33766,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,33768,284],{"class":52},[42,33770,57],{"class":56},[42,33772,13983],{"class":125},[42,33774,122],{"class":56},[42,33776,17282],{"class":125},[42,33778,584],{"class":56},[42,33780,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,33782,284],{"class":52},[42,33784,57],{"class":56},[42,33786,13983],{"class":125},[42,33788,122],{"class":56},[42,33790,5702],{"class":125},[42,33792,584],{"class":56},[42,33794,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,33796,284],{"class":52},[42,33798,57],{"class":56},[42,33800,13983],{"class":125},[42,33802,122],{"class":56},[42,33804,8159],{"class":125},[42,33806,584],{"class":56},[14,33808,2395],{},[33,33810,33812],{"className":35,"code":33811,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[17,33813,33814,33836,33854],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33815,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832,33834],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33817,17373],{"class":125},[42,33819,3317],{"class":56},[42,33821,868],{"class":60},[42,33823,8016],{"class":64},[42,33825,868],{"class":60},[42,33827,70],{"class":56},[42,33829,862],{"class":60},[42,33831,9649],{"class":64},[42,33833,868],{"class":60},[42,33835,4226],{"class":56},[42,33837,33838,33840,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33839,17396],{"class":125},[42,33841,3317],{"class":56},[42,33843,868],{"class":60},[42,33845,13237],{"class":64},[42,33847,868],{"class":60},[42,33849,70],{"class":56},[42,33851,8139],{"class":2348},[42,33853,4226],{"class":56},[42,33855,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,33857,22266],{"class":125},[42,33859,10008],{"class":56},[42,33861,868],{"class":60},[42,33863,8016],{"class":64},[42,33865,868],{"class":60},[42,33867,70],{"class":56},[42,33869,8139],{"class":2348},[42,33871,11031],{"class":56},[14,33873,19053],{},[167,33875,33876,33883,33890],{},[170,33877,33878,33882],{},[693,33879,33880],{"href":17421},[17,33881,17424],{}," when you need just the keys",[170,33884,33885,33889],{},[693,33886,33887],{"href":17427},[17,33888,17430],{}," when you need just the values",[170,33891,33892,33896],{},[693,33893,33894],{"href":17434},[17,33895,17437],{}," when you need both",[28,33898,4859],{"id":4858},[14,33900,33901,33902,122],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[17,33903,17430],{},[1073,33905,30009,33907,33909],{"id":33906},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[17,33908,17430],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33911,33912,33914],{},[17,33913,17430],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33916,17002],{},[33,33918,33920],{"className":35,"code":33919,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[17,33921,33922,33942],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33923,33924,33926,33928,33930,33932,33934,33936,33938,33940],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33925,8658],{"class":114},[42,33927,88],{"class":87},[42,33929,3957],{"class":56},[42,33931,3320],{"class":2348},[42,33933,70],{"class":56},[42,33935,3325],{"class":2348},[42,33937,70],{"class":56},[42,33939,2781],{"class":2348},[42,33941,3970],{"class":56},[42,33943,33944,33946,33948,33950,33952,33954],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,33945,284],{"class":52},[42,33947,57],{"class":56},[42,33949,8689],{"class":125},[42,33951,122],{"class":56},[42,33953,5702],{"class":125},[42,33955,584],{"class":56},[14,33957,33958,33959,33961],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[17,33960,17430],{}," method.",[14,33963,33964],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[33,33966,33968],{"className":35,"code":33967,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(my_list))\n",[17,33969,33970],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,33971,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980,33982],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,33973,284],{"class":52},[42,33975,57],{"class":56},[42,33977,835],{"class":834},[42,33979,57],{"class":56},[42,33981,8689],{"class":125},[42,33983,842],{"class":56},[14,33985,33986,33987,33989,33990,122],{},"If you get an ",[17,33988,26029],{},", see ",[693,33991,26037,33992,33994],{"href":26036},[17,33993,26040],{}," errors",[1073,33996,4920,33998,34000],{"id":33997},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[17,33999,17430],{}," returns a list",[14,34002,34003],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[33,34005,34007],{"className":35,"code":34006,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,34008,34009,34045,34059,34063],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34010,34011,34013,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34012,13220],{"class":114},[42,34014,88],{"class":87},[42,34016,10842],{"class":56},[42,34018,61],{"class":60},[42,34020,8016],{"class":64},[42,34022,61],{"class":60},[42,34024,1935],{"class":56},[42,34026,73],{"class":60},[42,34028,13237],{"class":64},[42,34030,61],{"class":60},[42,34032,70],{"class":56},[42,34034,73],{"class":60},[42,34036,9649],{"class":64},[42,34038,61],{"class":60},[42,34040,1935],{"class":56},[42,34042,8139],{"class":2348},[42,34044,9659],{"class":56},[42,34046,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34048,4160],{"class":114},[42,34050,88],{"class":87},[42,34052,13263],{"class":114},[42,34054,122],{"class":56},[42,34056,5702],{"class":125},[42,34058,129],{"class":56},[42,34060,34061],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,34062,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,34066,284],{"class":52},[42,34068,57],{"class":56},[42,34070,835],{"class":834},[42,34072,57],{"class":56},[42,34074,5702],{"class":125},[42,34076,842],{"class":56},[14,34078,2395],{},[33,34080,34082],{"className":35,"code":34081,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[17,34083,34084],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34085,34086,34088,34090,34092,34094,34096],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34087,855],{"class":87},[42,34089,859],{"class":858},[42,34091,862],{"class":60},[42,34093,17396],{"class":64},[42,34095,868],{"class":60},[42,34097,871],{"class":87},[14,34099,5491,34100,34102],{},[17,34101,17396],{},", not a list.",[14,34104,34105],{},"If you need a list:",[33,34107,34109],{"className":35,"code":34108,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = list(student.values())\n",[17,34110,34111],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34112,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34114,4160],{"class":114},[42,34116,88],{"class":87},[42,34118,22917],{"class":834},[42,34120,57],{"class":56},[42,34122,13983],{"class":125},[42,34124,122],{"class":56},[42,34126,5702],{"class":125},[42,34128,584],{"class":56},[1073,34130,34132,34133],{"id":34131},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[17,34134,17396],{},[14,34136,34137],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[33,34139,34141],{"className":35,"code":34140,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[17,34142,34143,34179,34193,34197],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34144,34145,34147,34149,34151,34153,34155,34157,34159,34161,34163,34165,34167,34169,34171,34173,34175,34177],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34146,13220],{"class":114},[42,34148,88],{"class":87},[42,34150,10842],{"class":56},[42,34152,61],{"class":60},[42,34154,8016],{"class":64},[42,34156,61],{"class":60},[42,34158,1935],{"class":56},[42,34160,73],{"class":60},[42,34162,13237],{"class":64},[42,34164,61],{"class":60},[42,34166,70],{"class":56},[42,34168,73],{"class":60},[42,34170,9649],{"class":64},[42,34172,61],{"class":60},[42,34174,1935],{"class":56},[42,34176,8139],{"class":2348},[42,34178,9659],{"class":56},[42,34180,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34182,4160],{"class":114},[42,34184,88],{"class":87},[42,34186,13263],{"class":114},[42,34188,122],{"class":56},[42,34190,5702],{"class":125},[42,34192,129],{"class":56},[42,34194,34195],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,34196,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,34198,34199],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,34200,34201],{"class":525},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,34203,34204],{},"Convert to a list first:",[33,34206,34208],{"className":35,"code":34207,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[17,34209,34210,34246,34264,34268],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34211,34212,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224,34226,34228,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242,34244],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34213,13220],{"class":114},[42,34215,88],{"class":87},[42,34217,10842],{"class":56},[42,34219,61],{"class":60},[42,34221,8016],{"class":64},[42,34223,61],{"class":60},[42,34225,1935],{"class":56},[42,34227,73],{"class":60},[42,34229,13237],{"class":64},[42,34231,61],{"class":60},[42,34233,70],{"class":56},[42,34235,73],{"class":60},[42,34237,9649],{"class":64},[42,34239,61],{"class":60},[42,34241,1935],{"class":56},[42,34243,8139],{"class":2348},[42,34245,9659],{"class":56},[42,34247,34248,34250,34252,34254,34256,34258,34260,34262],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34249,4160],{"class":114},[42,34251,88],{"class":87},[42,34253,22917],{"class":834},[42,34255,57],{"class":56},[42,34257,13983],{"class":125},[42,34259,122],{"class":56},[42,34261,5702],{"class":125},[42,34263,584],{"class":56},[42,34265,34266],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,34267,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,34269,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278,34280],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,34271,284],{"class":52},[42,34273,57],{"class":56},[42,34275,5702],{"class":125},[42,34277,4238],{"class":56},[42,34279,2445],{"class":2348},[42,34281,4226],{"class":56},[1073,34283,1940,34285,11445,34287],{"id":34284},"using-values-instead-of-values",[17,34286,5702],{},[17,34288,17430],{},[14,34290,34291],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[33,34293,34295],{"className":35,"code":34294,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[17,34296,34297,34333,34337],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34298,34299,34301,34303,34305,34307,34309,34311,34313,34315,34317,34319,34321,34323,34325,34327,34329,34331],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34300,13220],{"class":114},[42,34302,88],{"class":87},[42,34304,10842],{"class":56},[42,34306,61],{"class":60},[42,34308,8016],{"class":64},[42,34310,61],{"class":60},[42,34312,1935],{"class":56},[42,34314,73],{"class":60},[42,34316,13237],{"class":64},[42,34318,61],{"class":60},[42,34320,70],{"class":56},[42,34322,73],{"class":60},[42,34324,9649],{"class":64},[42,34326,61],{"class":60},[42,34328,1935],{"class":56},[42,34330,8139],{"class":2348},[42,34332,9659],{"class":56},[42,34334,34335],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34336,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,34338,34339,34341,34343,34345,34347,34349],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,34340,284],{"class":52},[42,34342,57],{"class":56},[42,34344,13983],{"class":125},[42,34346,122],{"class":56},[42,34348,5702],{"class":2022},[42,34350,143],{"class":56},[14,34352,34353,34356],{},[17,34354,34355],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,34358,19053],{},[33,34360,34362],{"className":35,"code":34361,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(student.values())\n",[17,34363,34364],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34365,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34367,284],{"class":52},[42,34369,57],{"class":56},[42,34371,13983],{"class":125},[42,34373,122],{"class":56},[42,34375,5702],{"class":125},[42,34377,584],{"class":56},[1073,34379,34381],{"id":34380},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,34383,34384],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[33,34386,34388],{"className":35,"code":34387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[17,34389,34390,34422],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34391,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404,34406,34408,34410,34412,34414,34416,34418,34420],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34393,9516],{"class":114},[42,34395,88],{"class":87},[42,34397,10842],{"class":56},[42,34399,61],{"class":60},[42,34401,693],{"class":64},[42,34403,61],{"class":60},[42,34405,1935],{"class":56},[42,34407,5842],{"class":2348},[42,34409,70],{"class":56},[42,34411,73],{"class":60},[42,34413,5102],{"class":64},[42,34415,61],{"class":60},[42,34417,1935],{"class":56},[42,34419,3325],{"class":2348},[42,34421,9659],{"class":56},[42,34423,34424,34426,34428,34430,34432,34434],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34425,284],{"class":52},[42,34427,57],{"class":56},[42,34429,9554],{"class":125},[42,34431,122],{"class":56},[42,34433,5702],{"class":125},[42,34435,584],{"class":56},[14,34437,34438],{},"Not like this:",[33,34440,34442],{"className":35,"code":34441,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[17,34443,34444,34449,34454],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34445,34446],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34447,34448],{"class":525},"# Wrong examples:\n",[42,34450,34451],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34452,34453],{"class":525},"# data().values()\n",[42,34455,34456],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,34457,34458],{"class":525},"# values(data)\n",[14,34460,3670],{},[33,34462,34464],{"className":35,"code":34463,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[17,34465,34466,34480,34490,34504],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34467,34468,34470,34472,34474,34476,34478],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34469,284],{"class":52},[42,34471,57],{"class":56},[42,34473,835],{"class":834},[42,34475,57],{"class":56},[42,34477,11804],{"class":125},[42,34479,842],{"class":56},[42,34481,34482,34484,34486,34488],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34483,284],{"class":52},[42,34485,57],{"class":56},[42,34487,11804],{"class":125},[42,34489,143],{"class":56},[42,34491,34492,34494,34496,34498,34500,34502],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,34493,284],{"class":52},[42,34495,57],{"class":56},[42,34497,11804],{"class":125},[42,34499,122],{"class":56},[42,34501,5702],{"class":125},[42,34503,584],{"class":56},[42,34505,34506,34508,34510,34512,34514,34516,34518,34520],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,34507,284],{"class":52},[42,34509,57],{"class":56},[42,34511,8443],{"class":834},[42,34513,57],{"class":56},[42,34515,11804],{"class":125},[42,34517,122],{"class":56},[42,34519,5702],{"class":125},[42,34521,6636],{"class":56},[28,34523,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,34525,5485,34527,5488],{"id":34526},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[17,34528,32680],{},[14,34530,183,34531,34533],{},[17,34532,17396],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1073,34535,13060,34537,24289],{"id":34536},"does-values-return-a-list",[17,34538,17430],{},[14,34540,24292,34541,24296],{},[17,34542,34543],{},"list(...)",[1073,34545,26414,34547,2823],{"id":34546},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[17,34548,32680],{},[14,34550,34551,34552,26422],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[17,34553,6303],{},[1073,34555,13060,34557,34559],{"id":34556},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[17,34558,32680],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,34561,34562],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1073,34564,34566,34567,34569,34570,2823],{"id":34565},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[17,34568,17430],{}," different from ",[17,34571,17437],{},[14,34573,34574,34576,34577,34579],{},[17,34575,17430],{}," returns only values. ",[17,34578,17437],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[28,34581,2205],{"id":2204},[167,34583,34584,34590,34596,34600,34606,34610],{},[170,34585,34586],{},[693,34587,11089,34588,11093],{"href":17421},[17,34589,17424],{},[170,34591,34592],{},[693,34593,11089,34594,11093],{"href":17434},[17,34595,17437],{},[170,34597,34598],{},[693,34599,11596],{"href":9741},[170,34601,34602],{},[693,34603,34605],{"href":34604},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[170,34607,34608],{},[693,34609,24374],{"href":33529},[170,34611,34612],{},[693,34613,30706,34614],{"href":26036},[17,34615,34616],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2245,34618,34619],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":34621},[34622,34623,34625,34626,34628,34629,34630,34631,34633,34644,34656],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":32850,"depth":111,"text":34624},"What values() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":32920,"depth":111,"text":34627},"What values() returns",{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":33399,"depth":111,"text":33400},{"id":33532,"depth":111,"text":33533},{"id":33691,"depth":111,"text":34632},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":34634},[34635,34637,34639,34641,34643],{"id":33906,"depth":132,"text":34636},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33997,"depth":132,"text":34638},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34131,"depth":132,"text":34640},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34284,"depth":132,"text":34642},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34380,"depth":132,"text":34381},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":34645},[34646,34648,34650,34652,34654],{"id":34526,"depth":132,"text":34647},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34536,"depth":132,"text":34649},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34546,"depth":132,"text":34651},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34556,"depth":132,"text":34653},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34565,"depth":132,"text":34655},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32667,"description":34657},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34663,"title":34664,"body":34665,"description":36092,"extension":2285,"meta":36093,"navigation":2287,"path":36094,"seo":36095,"stem":36096,"__hash__":36097},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34666,"toc":36044},[34667,34673,34678,34681,34697,34706,34708,34740,34746,34749,34843,34846,34851,34856,34859,34870,34872,34886,34892,34894,34899,34905,34908,34947,34955,34960,34963,35008,35011,35023,35029,35035,35039,35071,35074,35092,35095,35099,35138,35140,35160,35163,35175,35180,35186,35189,35243,35246,35257,35260,35271,35274,35278,35284,35286,35316,35319,35334,35337,35340,35359,35362,35378,35387,35389,35420,35426,35431,35434,35441,35471,35474,35496,35499,35502,35516,35520,35551,35566,35573,35580,35584,35592,35596,35604,35607,35656,35667,35669,35672,35678,35683,35693,35697,35700,35703,35707,35710,35712,35733,35737,35743,35754,35760,35762,35768,35792,35795,35858,35861,35889,35892,35954,35956,35961,35964,35971,35979,35986,35989,35997,36003,36005,36032,36041],[10,34668,3908,34670,3912],{"id":34669},"python-dir-function-explained",[17,34671,34672],{},"dir()",[14,34674,32677,34675,34677],{},[17,34676,34672],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,34679,34680],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[167,34682,34683,34686,34689,34694],{},[170,34684,34685],{},"learning Python",[170,34687,34688],{},"exploring a new object",[170,34690,34691,34692],{},"debugging an ",[17,34693,26029],{},[170,34695,34696],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,34698,34699,34700,34702,34703],{},"In short, ",[17,34701,34672],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[177,34704,34705],{},"“What can I use here?”",[28,34707,31],{"id":30},[33,34709,34711],{"className":35,"code":34710,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[17,34712,34713,34725],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34714,34715,34717,34719,34721,34723],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34716,8226],{"class":114},[42,34718,88],{"class":87},[42,34720,73],{"class":60},[42,34722,4183],{"class":64},[42,34724,3689],{"class":60},[42,34726,34727,34729,34731,34734,34736,34738],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34728,284],{"class":52},[42,34730,57],{"class":56},[42,34732,34733],{"class":52},"dir",[42,34735,57],{"class":56},[42,34737,8016],{"class":125},[42,34739,842],{"class":56},[14,34741,146,34742,34745],{},[17,34743,34744],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,34747,34748],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[33,34750,34752],{"className":35,"code":34751,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[17,34753,34754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34755,34756,34758,34760,34763,34765,34767,34769,34772,34774,34776,34778,34781,34783,34785,34787,34790,34792,34794,34796,34799,34801,34803,34805,34808,34810,34812,34815,34817,34819,34821,34823,34825,34827,34830,34832,34834,34836,34839,34841],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34757,4238],{"class":56},[42,34759,868],{"class":60},[42,34761,34762],{"class":64},"__add__",[42,34764,868],{"class":60},[42,34766,70],{"class":56},[42,34768,862],{"class":60},[42,34770,34771],{"class":64},"__class__",[42,34773,868],{"class":60},[42,34775,70],{"class":56},[42,34777,862],{"class":60},[42,34779,34780],{"class":64},"__contains__",[42,34782,868],{"class":60},[42,34784,70],{"class":56},[42,34786,862],{"class":60},[42,34788,34789],{"class":64},"__delattr__",[42,34791,868],{"class":60},[42,34793,70],{"class":56},[42,34795,862],{"class":60},[42,34797,34798],{"class":64},"__dir__",[42,34800,868],{"class":60},[42,34802,70],{"class":56},[42,34804,862],{"class":60},[42,34806,34807],{"class":64},"__doc__",[42,34809,868],{"class":60},[42,34811,70],{"class":56},[42,34813,34814],{"class":657}," ...",[42,34816,70],{"class":56},[42,34818,862],{"class":60},[42,34820,8990],{"class":64},[42,34822,868],{"class":60},[42,34824,70],{"class":56},[42,34826,862],{"class":60},[42,34828,34829],{"class":64},"split",[42,34831,868],{"class":60},[42,34833,70],{"class":56},[42,34835,862],{"class":60},[42,34837,34838],{"class":64},"upper",[42,34840,868],{"class":60},[42,34842,3970],{"class":56},[14,34844,34845],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[28,34847,4013,34849,4016],{"id":34848},"what-dir-does",[17,34850,34672],{},[14,34852,34853,34855],{},[17,34854,34672],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34857,34858],{},"It usually includes:",[167,34860,34861,34864,34867],{},[170,34862,34863],{},"attributes",[170,34865,34866],{},"methods",[170,34868,34869],{},"special Python names",[14,34871,165],{},[167,34873,34874,34880,34883],{},[170,34875,34876,34877],{},"The result is a ",[177,34878,34879],{},"list of strings",[170,34881,34882],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[170,34884,34885],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34887,34888,34889,34891],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[17,34890,34672],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[28,34893,312],{"id":311},[14,34895,34896,34898],{},[17,34897,34672],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1073,34900,34902,34904],{"id":34901},"dir-with-no-argument",[17,34903,34672],{}," with no argument",[14,34906,34907],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[33,34909,34911],{"className":35,"code":34910,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[17,34912,34913,34921,34933,34937],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34914,34915,34917,34919],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34916,3358],{"class":114},[42,34918,88],{"class":87},[42,34920,2919],{"class":2348},[42,34922,34923,34925,34927,34929,34931],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34924,8226],{"class":114},[42,34926,88],{"class":87},[42,34928,73],{"class":60},[42,34930,8025],{"class":64},[42,34932,3689],{"class":60},[42,34934,34935],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,34936,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,34938,34939,34941,34943,34945],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,34940,284],{"class":52},[42,34942,57],{"class":56},[42,34944,34733],{"class":52},[42,34946,584],{"class":56},[14,34948,34949,34950,1753,34952,34954],{},"This will show names such as ",[17,34951,2498],{},[17,34953,8016],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1073,34956,34958],{"id":34957},"dirobject",[17,34959,34744],{},[14,34961,34962],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[33,34964,34966],{"className":35,"code":34965,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,34967,34968,34986],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,34969,34970,34972,34974,34976,34978,34980,34982,34984],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,34971,284],{"class":52},[42,34973,57],{"class":56},[42,34975,34733],{"class":52},[42,34977,57],{"class":56},[42,34979,61],{"class":60},[42,34981,4183],{"class":64},[42,34983,61],{"class":60},[42,34985,842],{"class":56},[42,34987,34988,34990,34992,34994,34996,34998,35000,35002,35004,35006],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,34989,284],{"class":52},[42,34991,57],{"class":56},[42,34993,34733],{"class":52},[42,34995,3317],{"class":56},[42,34997,3320],{"class":2348},[42,34999,70],{"class":56},[42,35001,3325],{"class":2348},[42,35003,70],{"class":56},[42,35005,2781],{"class":2348},[42,35007,3332],{"class":56},[14,35009,35010],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[167,35012,35013,35015,35017,35020],{},[170,35014,5652],{},[170,35016,5643],{},[170,35018,35019],{},"modules",[170,35021,35022],{},"custom objects",[28,35024,1940,35026,35028],{"id":35025},"using-dir-with-a-value",[17,35027,34672],{}," with a value",[14,35030,35031,35032,35034],{},"A common use of ",[17,35033,34672],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1073,35036,35038],{"id":35037},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[33,35040,35042],{"className":35,"code":35041,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[17,35043,35044,35057],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35045,35046,35049,35051,35053,35055],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35047,35048],{"class":114},"text ",[42,35050,88],{"class":87},[42,35052,73],{"class":60},[42,35054,4183],{"class":64},[42,35056,3689],{"class":60},[42,35058,35059,35061,35063,35065,35067,35069],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35060,284],{"class":52},[42,35062,57],{"class":56},[42,35064,34733],{"class":52},[42,35066,57],{"class":56},[42,35068,444],{"class":125},[42,35070,842],{"class":56},[14,35072,35073],{},"You will see method names like:",[167,35075,35076,35080,35084,35088],{},[170,35077,35078],{},[17,35079,8990],{},[170,35081,35082],{},[17,35083,34838],{},[170,35085,35086],{},[17,35087,34829],{},[170,35089,35090],{},[17,35091,1317],{},[14,35093,35094],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1073,35096,35098],{"id":35097},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[33,35100,35102],{"className":35,"code":35101,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[17,35103,35104,35124],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35105,35106,35108,35110,35112,35114,35116,35118,35120,35122],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35107,3952],{"class":114},[42,35109,88],{"class":87},[42,35111,3957],{"class":56},[42,35113,3320],{"class":2348},[42,35115,70],{"class":56},[42,35117,3325],{"class":2348},[42,35119,70],{"class":56},[42,35121,2781],{"class":2348},[42,35123,3970],{"class":56},[42,35125,35126,35128,35130,35132,35134,35136],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35127,284],{"class":52},[42,35129,57],{"class":56},[42,35131,34733],{"class":52},[42,35133,57],{"class":56},[42,35135,3984],{"class":125},[42,35137,842],{"class":56},[14,35139,35073],{},[167,35141,35142,35146,35150,35155],{},[170,35143,35144],{},[17,35145,13910],{},[170,35147,35148],{},[17,35149,26599],{},[170,35151,35152],{},[17,35153,35154],{},"remove",[170,35156,35157],{},[17,35158,35159],{},"sort",[14,35161,35162],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,35164,35165,35166,35171,35172,35174],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[693,35167,35169],{"href":35168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[17,35170,2630],{}," can help first. Then ",[17,35173,34672],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[28,35176,1940,35178,34904],{"id":35177},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[17,35179,34672],{},[14,35181,35182,35183,35185],{},"When used with no argument, ",[17,35184,34672],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,35187,35188],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[33,35190,35192],{"className":35,"code":35191,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[17,35193,35194,35203,35207,35218,35229,35233],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35195,35196,35198,35200],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35197,3358],{"class":114},[42,35199,88],{"class":87},[42,35201,35202],{"class":2348}," 5\n",[42,35204,35205],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35206,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,35208,35209,35212,35216],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,35210,35211],{"class":858},"def",[42,35213,35215],{"class":35214},"sGLFI"," greet",[42,35217,21953],{"class":56},[42,35219,35220,35223,35225,35227],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,35221,35222],{"class":48},"    return",[42,35224,73],{"class":60},[42,35226,654],{"class":64},[42,35228,3689],{"class":60},[42,35230,35231],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,35232,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,35234,35235,35237,35239,35241],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,35236,284],{"class":52},[42,35238,57],{"class":56},[42,35240,34733],{"class":52},[42,35242,584],{"class":56},[14,35244,35245],{},"The output will include names like:",[167,35247,35248,35252],{},[170,35249,35250],{},[17,35251,2498],{},[170,35253,35254],{},[17,35255,35256],{},"greet",[14,35258,35259],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[167,35261,35262,35265,35268],{},[170,35263,35264],{},"what variables exist",[170,35266,35267],{},"what functions you have defined",[170,35269,35270],{},"what names are currently available",[14,35272,35273],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[28,35275,35277],{"id":35276},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,35279,35280,35281,35283],{},"When you first use ",[17,35282,34672],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,35285,219],{},[33,35287,35288],{"className":35,"code":35041,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,35289,35290,35302],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35291,35292,35294,35296,35298,35300],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35293,35048],{"class":114},[42,35295,88],{"class":87},[42,35297,73],{"class":60},[42,35299,4183],{"class":64},[42,35301,3689],{"class":60},[42,35303,35304,35306,35308,35310,35312,35314],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35305,284],{"class":52},[42,35307,57],{"class":56},[42,35309,34733],{"class":52},[42,35311,57],{"class":56},[42,35313,444],{"class":125},[42,35315,842],{"class":56},[14,35317,35318],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[167,35320,35321,35325,35329],{},[170,35322,35323],{},[17,35324,34771],{},[170,35326,35327],{},[17,35328,34807],{},[170,35330,35331],{},[17,35332,35333],{},"__len__",[14,35335,35336],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,35338,35339],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[167,35341,35342,35346,35350,35354],{},[170,35343,35344],{},[17,35345,34838],{},[170,35347,35348],{},[17,35349,8990],{},[170,35351,35352],{},[17,35353,34829],{},[170,35355,35356],{},[17,35357,35358],{},"replace",[14,35360,35361],{},"A key point to remember:",[167,35363,35364,35372],{},[170,35365,35366,35368,35369],{},[17,35367,34672],{}," lists ",[177,35370,35371],{},"names only",[170,35373,35374,35375,35377],{},"it does ",[177,35376,179],{}," explain what each name does",[14,35379,35380,35381,122],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[693,35382,35384],{"href":35383},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[17,35385,35386],{},"help()",[14,35388,5816],{},[33,35390,35392],{"className":35,"code":35391,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,35393,35394,35406],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35395,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35397,8226],{"class":114},[42,35399,88],{"class":87},[42,35401,73],{"class":60},[42,35403,4183],{"class":64},[42,35405,3689],{"class":60},[42,35407,35408,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35409,32512],{"class":52},[42,35411,57],{"class":56},[42,35413,8016],{"class":125},[42,35415,122],{"class":56},[42,35417,34838],{"class":2022},[42,35419,143],{"class":56},[28,35421,35423,35425],{"id":35422},"dir-on-modules",[17,35424,34672],{}," on modules",[14,35427,16072,35428,35430],{},[17,35429,34672],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,35432,35433],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1073,35435,35437,35438,35440],{"id":35436},"example-math-module","Example: ",[17,35439,18775],{}," module",[33,35442,35444],{"className":35,"code":35443,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[17,35445,35446,35453,35457],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35447,35448,35450],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35449,1976],{"class":48},[42,35451,35452],{"class":114}," math\n",[42,35454,35455],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35456,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,35458,35459,35461,35463,35465,35467,35469],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,35460,284],{"class":52},[42,35462,57],{"class":56},[42,35464,34733],{"class":52},[42,35466,57],{"class":56},[42,35468,18775],{"class":125},[42,35470,842],{"class":56},[14,35472,35473],{},"You may see names like:",[167,35475,35476,35481,35486,35491],{},[170,35477,35478],{},[17,35479,35480],{},"sqrt",[170,35482,35483],{},[17,35484,35485],{},"ceil",[170,35487,35488],{},[17,35489,35490],{},"floor",[170,35492,35493],{},[17,35494,35495],{},"pi",[14,35497,35498],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,35500,35501],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[167,35503,35504,35510],{},[170,35505,35506],{},[693,35507,35509],{"href":35508},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[170,35511,35512],{},[693,35513,35515],{"href":35514},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1073,35517,35519],{"id":35518},"another-example","Another example",[33,35521,35523],{"className":35,"code":35522,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[17,35524,35525,35532,35536],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35526,35527,35529],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35528,1976],{"class":48},[42,35530,35531],{"class":114}," json\n",[42,35533,35534],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35535,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,35537,35538,35540,35542,35544,35546,35549],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,35539,284],{"class":52},[42,35541,57],{"class":56},[42,35543,34733],{"class":52},[42,35545,57],{"class":56},[42,35547,35548],{"class":125},"json",[42,35550,842],{"class":56},[14,35552,35553,35554,2514,35557,2514,35560,17431,35563,122],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[17,35555,35556],{},"dump",[17,35558,35559],{},"dumps",[17,35561,35562],{},"load",[17,35564,35565],{},"loads",[28,35567,35569,10937,35571],{"id":35568},"dir-vs-help",[17,35570,34672],{},[17,35572,35386],{},[14,35574,35575,1753,35577,35579],{},[17,35576,34672],{},[17,35578,35386],{}," are often used together.",[1073,35581,35582],{"id":34733},[17,35583,34672],{},[167,35585,35586,35589],{},[170,35587,35588],{},"shows available names",[170,35590,35591],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1073,35593,35594],{"id":32512},[17,35595,35386],{},[167,35597,35598,35601],{},[170,35599,35600],{},"explains what an object or function does",[170,35602,35603],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,35605,35606],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[33,35608,35610],{"className":35,"code":35609,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,35611,35612,35624,35628,35642],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35613,35614,35616,35618,35620,35622],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35615,8226],{"class":114},[42,35617,88],{"class":87},[42,35619,73],{"class":60},[42,35621,4183],{"class":64},[42,35623,3689],{"class":60},[42,35625,35626],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35627,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,35629,35630,35632,35634,35636,35638,35640],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,35631,284],{"class":52},[42,35633,57],{"class":56},[42,35635,34733],{"class":52},[42,35637,57],{"class":56},[42,35639,8016],{"class":125},[42,35641,842],{"class":56},[42,35643,35644,35646,35648,35650,35652,35654],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,35645,32512],{"class":52},[42,35647,57],{"class":56},[42,35649,8016],{"class":125},[42,35651,122],{"class":56},[42,35653,34838],{"class":2022},[42,35655,143],{"class":56},[14,35657,146,35658,35660,35661,35663,35664,35666],{},[17,35659,34672],{}," first to find a method name.",[10197,35662],{},"\nThen use ",[17,35665,35386],{}," to understand how to use it.",[28,35668,25715],{"id":25714},[14,35670,35671],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1073,35673,35675,35677],{"id":35674},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[17,35676,34672],{}," returns names, not values",[14,35679,35680,35682],{},[17,35681,34672],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,35684,35685,35686,35688,35689,35692],{},"For example, seeing ",[17,35687,34838],{}," in ",[17,35690,35691],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1073,35694,35696],{"id":35695},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,35698,35699],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,35701,35702],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1073,35704,35706],{"id":35705},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,35708,35709],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,35711,5816],{},[167,35713,35714,35719,35725],{},[170,35715,35716,35718],{},[17,35717,35691],{}," shows string-related names",[170,35720,35721,35724],{},[17,35722,35723],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[170,35726,35727,35730,35731,35440],{},[17,35728,35729],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[17,35732,18775],{},[1073,35734,35736],{"id":35735},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,35738,35739,35740,35742],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[17,35741,34672],{}," does not mean you already know:",[167,35744,35745,35748,35751],{},[170,35746,35747],{},"what it does",[170,35749,35750],{},"what arguments it needs",[170,35752,35753],{},"what it returns",[14,35755,35756,35757,35759],{},"That is why ",[17,35758,35386],{}," is the natural next step.",[28,35761,1929],{"id":1928},[14,35763,35764,35765,35767],{},"Beginners often use ",[17,35766,34672],{}," in these situations:",[167,35769,35770,35773,35782,35785],{},[170,35771,35772],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[170,35774,35775,35776,35781],{},"Seeing an ",[693,35777,35779],{"href":35778},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[17,35780,26029],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[170,35783,35784],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[170,35786,1940,35787,35789,35790],{},[17,35788,34672],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[17,35791,35386],{},[14,35793,35794],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[33,35796,35798],{"className":35,"code":35797,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[17,35799,35800,35812,35816,35830,35844],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35801,35802,35804,35806,35808,35810],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35803,8226],{"class":114},[42,35805,88],{"class":87},[42,35807,73],{"class":60},[42,35809,4183],{"class":64},[42,35811,3689],{"class":60},[42,35813,35814],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35815,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,35817,35818,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,35819,284],{"class":52},[42,35821,57],{"class":56},[42,35823,835],{"class":834},[42,35825,57],{"class":56},[42,35827,8016],{"class":125},[42,35829,842],{"class":56},[42,35831,35832,35834,35836,35838,35840,35842],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,35833,284],{"class":52},[42,35835,57],{"class":56},[42,35837,34733],{"class":52},[42,35839,57],{"class":56},[42,35841,8016],{"class":125},[42,35843,842],{"class":56},[42,35845,35846,35848,35850,35852,35854,35856],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,35847,32512],{"class":52},[42,35849,57],{"class":56},[42,35851,8016],{"class":125},[42,35853,122],{"class":56},[42,35855,34838],{"class":2022},[42,35857,143],{"class":56},[14,35859,35860],{},"And for modules:",[33,35862,35863],{"className":35,"code":35443,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,35864,35865,35871,35875],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35866,35867,35869],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35868,1976],{"class":48},[42,35870,35452],{"class":114},[42,35872,35873],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35874,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,35876,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,35878,284],{"class":52},[42,35880,57],{"class":56},[42,35882,34733],{"class":52},[42,35884,57],{"class":56},[42,35886,18775],{"class":125},[42,35888,842],{"class":56},[14,35890,35891],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[33,35893,35895],{"className":35,"code":35894,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[17,35896,35897,35902,35914,35924,35938,35944],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,35898,35899],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,35900,35901],{"class":114},"python\n",[42,35903,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,35905,8226],{"class":114},[42,35907,88],{"class":87},[42,35909,73],{"class":60},[42,35911,4183],{"class":64},[42,35913,3689],{"class":60},[42,35915,35916,35918,35920,35922],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,35917,34733],{"class":52},[42,35919,57],{"class":56},[42,35921,8016],{"class":125},[42,35923,143],{"class":56},[42,35925,35926,35928,35930,35932,35934,35936],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,35927,32512],{"class":52},[42,35929,57],{"class":56},[42,35931,8016],{"class":125},[42,35933,122],{"class":56},[42,35935,34838],{"class":2022},[42,35937,143],{"class":56},[42,35939,35940,35942],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,35941,1976],{"class":48},[42,35943,35452],{"class":114},[42,35945,35946,35948,35950,35952],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,35947,34733],{"class":52},[42,35949,57],{"class":56},[42,35951,18775],{"class":125},[42,35953,143],{"class":56},[28,35955,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,35957,5485,35959,5488],{"id":35958},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[17,35960,34672],{},[14,35962,35963],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1073,35965,2171,35967,1753,35969,2823],{"id":35966},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[17,35968,34672],{},[17,35970,35386],{},[14,35972,35973,35975,35976,35978],{},[17,35974,34672],{}," lists available names. ",[17,35977,35386],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1073,35980,35982,35983,35985],{"id":35981},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[17,35984,34672],{}," output?",[14,35987,35988],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1073,35990,5513,35992,35994,35995,2823],{"id":35991},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[17,35993,34672],{}," help fix ",[17,35996,26029],{},[14,35998,35999,36000,122],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[693,36001,36002],{"href":35778},"object has no attribute",[28,36004,2205],{"id":2204},[167,36006,36007,36013,36018,36022,36026],{},[170,36008,36009],{},[693,36010,3908,36011,3841],{"href":35383},[17,36012,35386],{},[170,36014,36015],{},[693,36016,36017],{"href":35778},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[170,36019,36020],{},[693,36021,35509],{"href":35508},[170,36023,36024],{},[693,36025,35515],{"href":35514},[170,36027,36028],{},[693,36029,3908,36030,3841],{"href":35168},[17,36031,2630],{},[14,36033,36034,36035,36037,36038,36040],{},"A good habit is to use ",[17,36036,34672],{}," together with ",[17,36039,35386],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2245,36042,36043],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":36045},[36046,36047,36049,36054,36059,36061,36062,36068,36073,36080,36081,36091],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":34848,"depth":111,"text":36048},"What dir() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":36050},[36051,36053],{"id":34901,"depth":132,"text":36052},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34957,"depth":132,"text":34744},{"id":35025,"depth":111,"text":36055,"children":36056},"Using dir() with a value",[36057,36058],{"id":35037,"depth":132,"text":35038},{"id":35097,"depth":132,"text":35098},{"id":35177,"depth":111,"text":36060},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35276,"depth":111,"text":35277},{"id":35422,"depth":111,"text":36063,"children":36064},"dir() on modules",[36065,36067],{"id":35436,"depth":132,"text":36066},"Example: math module",{"id":35518,"depth":132,"text":35519},{"id":35568,"depth":111,"text":36069,"children":36070},"dir() vs help()",[36071,36072],{"id":34733,"depth":132,"text":34672},{"id":32512,"depth":132,"text":35386},{"id":25714,"depth":111,"text":25715,"children":36074},[36075,36077,36078,36079],{"id":35674,"depth":132,"text":36076},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35695,"depth":132,"text":35696},{"id":35705,"depth":132,"text":35706},{"id":35735,"depth":132,"text":35736},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":36082},[36083,36085,36087,36089],{"id":35958,"depth":132,"text":36084},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35966,"depth":132,"text":36086},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35981,"depth":132,"text":36088},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35991,"depth":132,"text":36090},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34664,"description":36092},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":36099,"title":36100,"body":36101,"description":37921,"extension":2285,"meta":37922,"navigation":2287,"path":37923,"seo":37924,"stem":37925,"__hash__":37926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36102,"toc":37890},[36103,36109,36114,36117,36125,36131,36133,36213,36215,36241,36246,36251,36256,36259,36270,36273,36275,36354,36356,36382,36389,36391,36393,36418,36421,36434,36439,36441,36522,36524,36550,36559,36564,36572,36578,36585,36588,36590,36669,36672,36729,36731,36768,36774,36779,36784,36787,36801,36803,36906,36908,36951,36960,36970,36977,36983,36990,37073,37075,37098,37101,37104,37106,37110,37114,37117,37180,37203,37206,37210,37216,37218,37285,37288,37365,37370,37376,37379,37382,37428,37430,37454,37459,37463,37468,37474,37537,37540,37542,37545,37570,37573,37708,37710,37811,37813,37818,37821,37827,37837,37845,37850,37856,37862,37864,37887],[10,36104,3908,36106,3912],{"id":36105},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[17,36107,36108],{},"enumerate()",[14,36110,36111,36113],{},[17,36112,36108],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,36115,36116],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[167,36118,36119,36122],{},[170,36120,36121],{},"the item itself",[170,36123,36124],{},"its index in the loop",[14,36126,36127,36128,36130],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[17,36129,36108],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[28,36132,31],{"id":30},[33,36134,36136],{"className":35,"code":36135,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[17,36137,36138,36170,36174,36197],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36139,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36141,13433],{"class":114},[42,36143,88],{"class":87},[42,36145,3957],{"class":56},[42,36147,61],{"class":60},[42,36149,13450],{"class":64},[42,36151,61],{"class":60},[42,36153,70],{"class":56},[42,36155,73],{"class":60},[42,36157,17814],{"class":64},[42,36159,61],{"class":60},[42,36161,70],{"class":56},[42,36163,73],{"class":60},[42,36165,13467],{"class":64},[42,36167,61],{"class":60},[42,36169,3970],{"class":56},[42,36171,36172],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36173,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,36175,36176,36178,36181,36183,36186,36188,36191,36193,36195],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36177,6303],{"class":48},[42,36179,36180],{"class":114}," index",[42,36182,70],{"class":56},[42,36184,36185],{"class":114}," color ",[42,36187,1299],{"class":48},[42,36189,36190],{"class":52}," enumerate",[42,36192,57],{"class":56},[42,36194,17861],{"class":125},[42,36196,8692],{"class":56},[42,36198,36199,36201,36203,36206,36208,36211],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,36200,135],{"class":52},[42,36202,57],{"class":56},[42,36204,36205],{"class":125},"index",[42,36207,70],{"class":56},[42,36209,36210],{"class":125}," color",[42,36212,143],{"class":56},[14,36214,2395],{},[33,36216,36218],{"className":35,"code":36217,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[17,36219,36220,36227,36234],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36221,36222,36224],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36223,2445],{"class":2348},[42,36225,36226],{"class":114}," red\n",[42,36228,36229,36231],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36230,3320],{"class":2348},[42,36232,36233],{"class":114}," green\n",[42,36235,36236,36238],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36237,2381],{"class":2348},[42,36239,36240],{"class":114}," blue\n",[14,36242,146,36243,36245],{},[17,36244,36108],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[28,36247,4013,36249,4016],{"id":36248},"what-enumerate-does",[17,36250,36108],{},[14,36252,36253,36255],{},[17,36254,36108],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,36257,36258],{},"It is commonly used with:",[167,36260,36261,36263,36265,36267],{},[170,36262,5643],{},[170,36264,5646],{},[170,36266,5652],{},[170,36268,36269],{},"other iterable objects",[14,36271,36272],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,36274,219],{},[33,36276,36278],{"className":35,"code":36277,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[17,36279,36280,36314,36318,36339],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36281,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36301,36303,36305,36307,36310,36312],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36283,5337],{"class":114},[42,36285,88],{"class":87},[42,36287,3957],{"class":56},[42,36289,61],{"class":60},[42,36291,13237],{"class":64},[42,36293,61],{"class":60},[42,36295,70],{"class":56},[42,36297,73],{"class":60},[42,36299,36300],{"class":64},"Ben",[42,36302,61],{"class":60},[42,36304,70],{"class":56},[42,36306,73],{"class":60},[42,36308,36309],{"class":64},"Cara",[42,36311,61],{"class":60},[42,36313,3970],{"class":56},[42,36315,36316],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36317,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,36319,36320,36322,36324,36326,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36321,6303],{"class":48},[42,36323,36180],{"class":114},[42,36325,70],{"class":56},[42,36327,36328],{"class":114}," name ",[42,36330,1299],{"class":48},[42,36332,36190],{"class":52},[42,36334,57],{"class":56},[42,36336,5381],{"class":125},[42,36338,8692],{"class":56},[42,36340,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349,36352],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,36342,135],{"class":52},[42,36344,57],{"class":56},[42,36346,36205],{"class":125},[42,36348,70],{"class":56},[42,36350,36351],{"class":125}," name",[42,36353,143],{"class":56},[14,36355,2395],{},[33,36357,36359],{"className":35,"code":36358,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[17,36360,36361,36368,36375],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36362,36363,36365],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36364,2445],{"class":2348},[42,36366,36367],{"class":114}," Ana\n",[42,36369,36370,36372],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36371,3320],{"class":2348},[42,36373,36374],{"class":114}," Ben\n",[42,36376,36377,36379],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36378,2381],{"class":2348},[42,36380,36381],{"class":114}," Cara\n",[14,36383,36384,36385,122],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[693,36386,36388],{"href":36387},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[28,36390,312],{"id":311},[14,36392,2484],{},[33,36394,36396],{"className":35,"code":36395,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[17,36397,36398],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36399,36400,36403,36405,36407,36409,36412,36414,36416],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36401,36402],{"class":52},"enumerate",[42,36404,57],{"class":56},[42,36406,4057],{"class":125},[42,36408,70],{"class":56},[42,36410,36411],{"class":83}," start",[42,36413,88],{"class":87},[42,36415,2445],{"class":2348},[42,36417,143],{"class":56},[14,36419,36420],{},"It has two parts:",[167,36422,36423,36428],{},[170,36424,36425,36427],{},[17,36426,4057],{},": the object you want to loop through",[170,36429,36430,36433],{},[17,36431,36432],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,36435,36436,36437,122],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[17,36438,2445],{},[14,36440,219],{},[33,36442,36444],{"className":35,"code":36443,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[17,36445,36446,36479,36483,36506],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36447,36448,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467,36469,36471,36473,36475,36477],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36449,36450],{"class":114},"letters ",[42,36452,88],{"class":87},[42,36454,3957],{"class":56},[42,36456,61],{"class":60},[42,36458,693],{"class":64},[42,36460,61],{"class":60},[42,36462,70],{"class":56},[42,36464,73],{"class":60},[42,36466,5102],{"class":64},[42,36468,61],{"class":60},[42,36470,70],{"class":56},[42,36472,73],{"class":60},[42,36474,10090],{"class":64},[42,36476,61],{"class":60},[42,36478,3970],{"class":56},[42,36480,36481],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36482,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,36484,36485,36487,36490,36492,36495,36497,36499,36501,36504],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36486,6303],{"class":48},[42,36488,36489],{"class":114}," i",[42,36491,70],{"class":56},[42,36493,36494],{"class":114}," letter ",[42,36496,1299],{"class":48},[42,36498,36190],{"class":52},[42,36500,57],{"class":56},[42,36502,36503],{"class":125},"letters",[42,36505,8692],{"class":56},[42,36507,36508,36510,36512,36515,36517,36520],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,36509,135],{"class":52},[42,36511,57],{"class":56},[42,36513,36514],{"class":125},"i",[42,36516,70],{"class":56},[42,36518,36519],{"class":125}," letter",[42,36521,143],{"class":56},[14,36523,2395],{},[33,36525,36527],{"className":35,"code":36526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[17,36528,36529,36536,36543],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36530,36531,36533],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36532,2445],{"class":2348},[42,36534,36535],{"class":114}," a\n",[42,36537,36538,36540],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36539,3320],{"class":2348},[42,36541,36542],{"class":114}," b\n",[42,36544,36545,36547],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36546,2381],{"class":2348},[42,36548,36549],{"class":114}," c\n",[14,36551,36552,36553,122],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[693,36554,3908,36556,3841],{"href":36555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[17,36557,36558],{},"range()",[28,36560,4013,36562,12060],{"id":36561},"what-enumerate-returns",[17,36563,36108],{},[14,36565,36566,36568,36569,122],{},[17,36567,36108],{}," returns an ",[177,36570,36571],{},"enumerate object",[14,36573,36574,36575,36577],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[17,36576,6303],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[167,36579,36580],{},[170,36581,36582],{},[17,36583,36584],{},"(index, item)",[14,36586,36587],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,36589,219],{},[33,36591,36593],{"className":35,"code":36592,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[17,36594,36595,36628,36632,36654],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36596,36597,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36598,36599],{"class":114},"fruits ",[42,36601,88],{"class":87},[42,36603,3957],{"class":56},[42,36605,61],{"class":60},[42,36607,4418],{"class":64},[42,36609,61],{"class":60},[42,36611,70],{"class":56},[42,36613,73],{"class":60},[42,36615,4427],{"class":64},[42,36617,61],{"class":60},[42,36619,70],{"class":56},[42,36621,73],{"class":60},[42,36623,33581],{"class":64},[42,36625,61],{"class":60},[42,36627,3970],{"class":56},[42,36629,36630],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36631,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,36633,36634,36636,36638,36640,36643,36645,36647,36649,36652],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36635,6303],{"class":48},[42,36637,36180],{"class":114},[42,36639,70],{"class":56},[42,36641,36642],{"class":114}," fruit ",[42,36644,1299],{"class":48},[42,36646,36190],{"class":52},[42,36648,57],{"class":56},[42,36650,36651],{"class":125},"fruits",[42,36653,8692],{"class":56},[42,36655,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36667],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,36657,135],{"class":52},[42,36659,57],{"class":56},[42,36661,36205],{"class":125},[42,36663,70],{"class":56},[42,36665,36666],{"class":125}," fruit",[42,36668,143],{"class":56},[14,36670,36671],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[33,36673,36675],{"className":35,"code":36674,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[17,36676,36677,36697,36701,36719],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36678,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36680,3952],{"class":114},[42,36682,88],{"class":87},[42,36684,3957],{"class":56},[42,36686,2659],{"class":2348},[42,36688,70],{"class":56},[42,36690,8139],{"class":2348},[42,36692,70],{"class":56},[42,36694,8144],{"class":2348},[42,36696,3970],{"class":56},[42,36698,36699],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36700,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,36702,36703,36705,36707,36709,36711,36713,36715,36717],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36704,2555],{"class":114},[42,36706,88],{"class":87},[42,36708,22917],{"class":834},[42,36710,57],{"class":56},[42,36712,36402],{"class":52},[42,36714,57],{"class":56},[42,36716,3984],{"class":125},[42,36718,842],{"class":56},[42,36720,36721,36723,36725,36727],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,36722,284],{"class":52},[42,36724,57],{"class":56},[42,36726,2592],{"class":125},[42,36728,143],{"class":56},[14,36730,2395],{},[33,36732,36734],{"className":35,"code":36733,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[17,36735,36736],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36737,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36739,22098],{"class":56},[42,36741,2445],{"class":2348},[42,36743,70],{"class":56},[42,36745,6350],{"class":2348},[42,36747,9583],{"class":56},[42,36749,9586],{"class":56},[42,36751,3320],{"class":2348},[42,36753,70],{"class":56},[42,36755,8139],{"class":2348},[42,36757,9583],{"class":56},[42,36759,9586],{"class":56},[42,36761,2381],{"class":2348},[42,36763,70],{"class":56},[42,36765,8144],{"class":2348},[42,36767,9599],{"class":56},[14,36769,36770,36771,36773],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[17,36772,36108],{}," produces.",[28,36775,5303,36777],{"id":36776},"when-to-use-enumerate",[17,36778,36108],{},[14,36780,146,36781,36783],{},[17,36782,36108],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36785,36786],{},"Common cases:",[167,36788,36789,36792,36795,36798],{},[170,36790,36791],{},"printing numbered output",[170,36793,36794],{},"building menus",[170,36796,36797],{},"showing positions in a list",[170,36799,36800],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36802,219],{},[33,36804,36806],{"className":35,"code":36805,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[17,36807,36808,36843,36847,36877],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36809,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36821,36823,36825,36827,36830,36832,36834,36836,36839,36841],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36811,30257],{"class":114},[42,36813,88],{"class":87},[42,36815,3957],{"class":56},[42,36817,61],{"class":60},[42,36819,36820],{"class":64},"Wash dishes",[42,36822,61],{"class":60},[42,36824,70],{"class":56},[42,36826,73],{"class":60},[42,36828,36829],{"class":64},"Study Python",[42,36831,61],{"class":60},[42,36833,70],{"class":56},[42,36835,73],{"class":60},[42,36837,36838],{"class":64},"Go for a walk",[42,36840,61],{"class":60},[42,36842,3970],{"class":56},[42,36844,36845],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36846,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,36848,36849,36851,36853,36855,36858,36860,36862,36864,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36850,6303],{"class":48},[42,36852,2522],{"class":114},[42,36854,70],{"class":56},[42,36856,36857],{"class":114}," task ",[42,36859,1299],{"class":48},[42,36861,36190],{"class":52},[42,36863,57],{"class":56},[42,36865,36866],{"class":125},"tasks",[42,36868,70],{"class":56},[42,36870,36411],{"class":83},[42,36872,88],{"class":87},[42,36874,3320],{"class":2348},[42,36876,8692],{"class":56},[42,36878,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897,36900,36902,36904],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,36880,135],{"class":52},[42,36882,57],{"class":56},[42,36884,22651],{"class":858},[42,36886,61],{"class":64},[42,36888,9628],{"class":2348},[42,36890,2565],{"class":125},[42,36892,22660],{"class":2348},[42,36894,28672],{"class":64},[42,36896,9628],{"class":2348},[42,36898,36899],{"class":125},"task",[42,36901,22660],{"class":2348},[42,36903,61],{"class":64},[42,36905,143],{"class":56},[14,36907,2395],{},[33,36909,36911],{"className":35,"code":36910,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[17,36912,36913,36925,36937],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36914,36915,36917,36919,36922],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36916,3320],{"class":2348},[42,36918,122],{"class":56},[42,36920,36921],{"class":2022}," Wash",[42,36923,36924],{"class":114}," dishes\n",[42,36926,36927,36929,36931,36934],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,36928,2381],{"class":2348},[42,36930,122],{"class":56},[42,36932,36933],{"class":2022}," Study",[42,36935,36936],{"class":114}," Python\n",[42,36938,36939,36941,36943,36946,36948],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,36940,2387],{"class":2348},[42,36942,122],{"class":56},[42,36944,36945],{"class":2022}," Go",[42,36947,4215],{"class":48},[42,36949,36950],{"class":114}," a walk\n",[14,36952,36953,36954,36956,36957,122],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[17,36955,36108],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[17,36958,36959],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36961,36962,36963,122],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[693,36964,36966,36967,36969],{"href":36965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[17,36968,36108],{}," in Python",[28,36971,36973,36974,36976],{"id":36972},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[17,36975,36432],{}," argument",[14,36978,36979,36980,36982],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[17,36981,36432],{}," argument.",[14,36984,36985,36986,11445,36988,1935],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[17,36987,3320],{},[17,36989,2445],{},[33,36991,36993],{"className":35,"code":36992,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[17,36994,36995,37027,37031,37059],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,36996,36997,36999,37001,37003,37005,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,36998,13433],{"class":114},[42,37000,88],{"class":87},[42,37002,3957],{"class":56},[42,37004,61],{"class":60},[42,37006,13450],{"class":64},[42,37008,61],{"class":60},[42,37010,70],{"class":56},[42,37012,73],{"class":60},[42,37014,17814],{"class":64},[42,37016,61],{"class":60},[42,37018,70],{"class":56},[42,37020,73],{"class":60},[42,37022,13467],{"class":64},[42,37024,61],{"class":60},[42,37026,3970],{"class":56},[42,37028,37029],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37030,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,37032,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37034,6303],{"class":48},[42,37036,36180],{"class":114},[42,37038,70],{"class":56},[42,37040,36185],{"class":114},[42,37042,1299],{"class":48},[42,37044,36190],{"class":52},[42,37046,57],{"class":56},[42,37048,17861],{"class":125},[42,37050,70],{"class":56},[42,37052,36411],{"class":83},[42,37054,88],{"class":87},[42,37056,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37058,8692],{"class":56},[42,37060,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,37062,135],{"class":52},[42,37064,57],{"class":56},[42,37066,36205],{"class":125},[42,37068,70],{"class":56},[42,37070,36210],{"class":125},[42,37072,143],{"class":56},[14,37074,2395],{},[33,37076,37078],{"className":35,"code":37077,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[17,37079,37080,37086,37092],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37081,37082,37084],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37083,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37085,36226],{"class":114},[42,37087,37088,37090],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37089,2381],{"class":2348},[42,37091,36233],{"class":114},[42,37093,37094,37096],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37095,2387],{"class":2348},[42,37097,36240],{"class":114},[14,37099,37100],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,37102,37103],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[28,37105,25715],{"id":25714},[14,37107,25718,37108,122],{},[17,37109,36108],{},[1073,37111,37113],{"id":37112},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,37115,37116],{},"In this loop:",[33,37118,37120],{"className":35,"code":37119,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[17,37121,37122,37142,37146,37166],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37123,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37125,3952],{"class":114},[42,37127,88],{"class":87},[42,37129,3957],{"class":56},[42,37131,2659],{"class":2348},[42,37133,70],{"class":56},[42,37135,8139],{"class":2348},[42,37137,70],{"class":56},[42,37139,8144],{"class":2348},[42,37141,3970],{"class":56},[42,37143,37144],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37145,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,37147,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37149,6303],{"class":48},[42,37151,36180],{"class":114},[42,37153,70],{"class":56},[42,37155,21942],{"class":114},[42,37157,1299],{"class":48},[42,37159,36190],{"class":52},[42,37161,57],{"class":56},[42,37163,3984],{"class":125},[42,37165,8692],{"class":56},[42,37167,37168,37170,37172,37174,37176,37178],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,37169,135],{"class":52},[42,37171,57],{"class":56},[42,37173,36205],{"class":125},[42,37175,70],{"class":56},[42,37177,8783],{"class":125},[42,37179,143],{"class":56},[167,37181,37182,37192],{},[170,37183,37184,5125,37186,2514,37188,2514,37190],{},[17,37185,36205],{},[17,37187,2445],{},[17,37189,3320],{},[17,37191,2381],{},[170,37193,37194,5125,37196,2514,37198,2514,37200],{},[17,37195,2803],{},[17,37197,2659],{},[17,37199,16112],{},[17,37201,37202],{},"30",[14,37204,37205],{},"These are different things.",[1073,37207,37209],{"id":37208},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,37211,37212,37213,37215],{},"Each item from ",[17,37214,36108],{}," is a pair.",[14,37217,7035],{},[33,37219,37221],{"className":35,"code":37220,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[17,37222,37223,37247,37251,37271],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37224,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233,37235,37237,37239,37241,37243,37245],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37226,8128],{"class":114},[42,37228,88],{"class":87},[42,37230,3957],{"class":56},[42,37232,61],{"class":60},[42,37234,2498],{"class":64},[42,37236,61],{"class":60},[42,37238,70],{"class":56},[42,37240,73],{"class":60},[42,37242,12100],{"class":64},[42,37244,61],{"class":60},[42,37246,3970],{"class":56},[42,37248,37249],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37250,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,37252,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37254,6303],{"class":48},[42,37256,36489],{"class":114},[42,37258,70],{"class":56},[42,37260,6306],{"class":114},[42,37262,1299],{"class":48},[42,37264,36190],{"class":52},[42,37266,57],{"class":56},[42,37268,8159],{"class":125},[42,37270,8692],{"class":56},[42,37272,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,37274,135],{"class":52},[42,37276,57],{"class":56},[42,37278,36514],{"class":125},[42,37280,70],{"class":56},[42,37282,29866],{"class":125},[42,37284,143],{"class":56},[14,37286,37287],{},"But this causes an error:",[33,37289,37291],{"className":35,"code":37290,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[17,37292,37293,37317,37321,37346],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37294,37295,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37296,8128],{"class":114},[42,37298,88],{"class":87},[42,37300,3957],{"class":56},[42,37302,61],{"class":60},[42,37304,2498],{"class":64},[42,37306,61],{"class":60},[42,37308,70],{"class":56},[42,37310,73],{"class":60},[42,37312,12100],{"class":64},[42,37314,61],{"class":60},[42,37316,3970],{"class":56},[42,37318,37319],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37320,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,37322,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37324,6303],{"class":48},[42,37326,36489],{"class":114},[42,37328,70],{"class":56},[42,37330,29866],{"class":114},[42,37332,70],{"class":56},[42,37334,37335],{"class":114}," extra ",[42,37337,1299],{"class":48},[42,37339,36190],{"class":52},[42,37341,57],{"class":56},[42,37343,8159],{"class":125},[42,37345,8692],{"class":56},[42,37347,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37363],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,37349,135],{"class":52},[42,37351,57],{"class":56},[42,37353,36514],{"class":125},[42,37355,70],{"class":56},[42,37357,29866],{"class":125},[42,37359,70],{"class":56},[42,37361,37362],{"class":125}," extra",[42,37364,143],{"class":56},[14,37366,29420,37367,37369],{},[17,37368,36108],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1073,37371,37373,37375],{"id":37372},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[17,37374,36108],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,37377,37378],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,37380,37381],{},"Example with a string:",[33,37383,37385],{"className":35,"code":37384,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[17,37386,37387,37413],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37388,37389,37391,37393,37395,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37409,37411],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37390,6303],{"class":48},[42,37392,36180],{"class":114},[42,37394,70],{"class":56},[42,37396,37397],{"class":114}," char ",[42,37399,1299],{"class":48},[42,37401,36190],{"class":52},[42,37403,57],{"class":56},[42,37405,61],{"class":60},[42,37407,37408],{"class":64},"cat",[42,37410,61],{"class":60},[42,37412,8692],{"class":56},[42,37414,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37426],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37416,135],{"class":52},[42,37418,57],{"class":56},[42,37420,36205],{"class":125},[42,37422,70],{"class":56},[42,37424,37425],{"class":125}," char",[42,37427,143],{"class":56},[14,37429,2395],{},[33,37431,37433],{"className":35,"code":37432,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[17,37434,37435,37441,37447],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37436,37437,37439],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37438,2445],{"class":2348},[42,37440,36549],{"class":114},[42,37442,37443,37445],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37444,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37446,36535],{"class":114},[42,37448,37449,37451],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37450,2381],{"class":2348},[42,37452,37453],{"class":114}," t\n",[14,37455,37456,37457,122],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[693,37458,5479],{"href":5931},[1073,37460,37462],{"id":37461},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,37464,37465,37466,122],{},"You do not always need ",[17,37467,36108],{},[14,37469,37470,37471,37473],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[17,37472,6303],{}," loop:",[33,37475,37477],{"className":35,"code":37476,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[17,37478,37479,37511,37515,37527],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37480,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37482,13433],{"class":114},[42,37484,88],{"class":87},[42,37486,3957],{"class":56},[42,37488,61],{"class":60},[42,37490,13450],{"class":64},[42,37492,61],{"class":60},[42,37494,70],{"class":56},[42,37496,73],{"class":60},[42,37498,17814],{"class":64},[42,37500,61],{"class":60},[42,37502,70],{"class":56},[42,37504,73],{"class":60},[42,37506,13467],{"class":64},[42,37508,61],{"class":60},[42,37510,3970],{"class":56},[42,37512,37513],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37514,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,37516,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37518,6303],{"class":48},[42,37520,36185],{"class":114},[42,37522,1299],{"class":48},[42,37524,13481],{"class":114},[42,37526,108],{"class":56},[42,37528,37529,37531,37533,37535],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,37530,135],{"class":52},[42,37532,57],{"class":56},[42,37534,33251],{"class":125},[42,37536,143],{"class":56},[14,37538,37539],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[28,37541,1929],{"id":1928},[14,37543,37544],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[167,37546,37547,37552,37558,37563],{},[170,37548,23458,37549,37551],{},[17,37550,36108],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[170,37553,37554,37555,37557],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[17,37556,2445],{}," by default",[170,37559,1940,37560,37562],{},[17,37561,36108],{}," when only values are needed",[170,37564,37565,37566,9054,37568],{},"Confusing ",[17,37567,36108],{},[17,37569,36558],{},[14,37571,37572],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[33,37574,37576],{"className":35,"code":37575,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[17,37577,37578,37600,37627,37661,37694],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37579,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37581,284],{"class":52},[42,37583,57],{"class":56},[42,37585,36402],{"class":52},[42,37587,3317],{"class":56},[42,37589,2659],{"class":2348},[42,37591,70],{"class":56},[42,37593,8139],{"class":2348},[42,37595,70],{"class":56},[42,37597,8144],{"class":2348},[42,37599,3332],{"class":56},[42,37601,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37603,284],{"class":52},[42,37605,57],{"class":56},[42,37607,8443],{"class":834},[42,37609,57],{"class":56},[42,37611,36402],{"class":52},[42,37613,3317],{"class":56},[42,37615,2659],{"class":2348},[42,37617,70],{"class":56},[42,37619,8139],{"class":2348},[42,37621,70],{"class":56},[42,37623,8144],{"class":2348},[42,37625,37626],{"class":56},"])))\n",[42,37628,37629,37631,37633,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37630,284],{"class":52},[42,37632,57],{"class":56},[42,37634,8443],{"class":834},[42,37636,57],{"class":56},[42,37638,36402],{"class":52},[42,37640,3317],{"class":56},[42,37642,2659],{"class":2348},[42,37644,70],{"class":56},[42,37646,8139],{"class":2348},[42,37648,70],{"class":56},[42,37650,8144],{"class":2348},[42,37652,18421],{"class":56},[42,37654,36411],{"class":83},[42,37656,88],{"class":87},[42,37658,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37660,3243],{"class":56},[42,37662,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677,37679,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,37664,6303],{"class":48},[42,37666,36489],{"class":114},[42,37668,70],{"class":56},[42,37670,21942],{"class":114},[42,37672,1299],{"class":48},[42,37674,36190],{"class":52},[42,37676,3317],{"class":56},[42,37678,868],{"class":60},[42,37680,693],{"class":64},[42,37682,868],{"class":60},[42,37684,70],{"class":56},[42,37686,862],{"class":60},[42,37688,5102],{"class":64},[42,37690,868],{"class":60},[42,37692,37693],{"class":56},"]):\n",[42,37695,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,37697,135],{"class":52},[42,37699,57],{"class":56},[42,37701,36514],{"class":125},[42,37703,70],{"class":56},[42,37705,8783],{"class":125},[42,37707,143],{"class":56},[14,37709,17317],{},[33,37711,37713],{"className":35,"code":37712,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[17,37714,37715,37735,37767,37799,37805],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37716,37717,37719,37721,37723,37726,37730,37733],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37718,855],{"class":87},[42,37720,36402],{"class":52},[42,37722,24975],{"class":834},[42,37724,37725],{"class":114}," at ",[42,37727,37729],{"class":37728},"srjyR","0x",[42,37731,37732],{"class":657},"...",[42,37734,871],{"class":87},[42,37736,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,37738,22098],{"class":56},[42,37740,2445],{"class":2348},[42,37742,70],{"class":56},[42,37744,6350],{"class":2348},[42,37746,9583],{"class":56},[42,37748,9586],{"class":56},[42,37750,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37752,70],{"class":56},[42,37754,8139],{"class":2348},[42,37756,9583],{"class":56},[42,37758,9586],{"class":56},[42,37760,2381],{"class":2348},[42,37762,70],{"class":56},[42,37764,8144],{"class":2348},[42,37766,9599],{"class":56},[42,37768,37769,37771,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,37770,22098],{"class":56},[42,37772,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37774,70],{"class":56},[42,37776,6350],{"class":2348},[42,37778,9583],{"class":56},[42,37780,9586],{"class":56},[42,37782,2381],{"class":2348},[42,37784,70],{"class":56},[42,37786,8139],{"class":2348},[42,37788,9583],{"class":56},[42,37790,9586],{"class":56},[42,37792,2387],{"class":2348},[42,37794,70],{"class":56},[42,37796,8144],{"class":2348},[42,37798,9599],{"class":56},[42,37800,37801,37803],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,37802,2445],{"class":2348},[42,37804,36535],{"class":114},[42,37806,37807,37809],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,37808,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37810,36542],{"class":114},[28,37812,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,37814,5485,37816,5488],{"id":37815},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[17,37817,36108],{},[14,37819,37820],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1073,37822,13060,37824,37826],{"id":37823},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[17,37825,36108],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37828,37829,37830,37832,37833,37836],{},"It starts at ",[17,37831,2445],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[17,37834,37835],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1073,37838,21778,37840,11445,37842,2823],{"id":37839},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[17,37841,36108],{},[17,37843,37844],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37846,36953,37847,37849],{},[17,37848,36108],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1073,37851,5513,37853,37855],{"id":37852},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[17,37854,36108],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37857,37858,37859,37861],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[17,37860,36108],{}," can return each character with its index.",[28,37863,2205],{"id":2204},[167,37865,37866,37870,37876,37883],{},[170,37867,37868],{},[693,37869,36388],{"href":36387},[170,37871,37872],{},[693,37873,3908,37874,3841],{"href":36555},[17,37875,36558],{},[170,37877,37878],{},[693,37879,37880,37881,36969],{"href":36965},"How to use ",[17,37882,36108],{},[170,37884,37885],{},[693,37886,5559],{"href":5931},[2245,37888,37889],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":37891},[37892,37893,37895,37896,37898,37900,37902,37909,37910,37920],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":36248,"depth":111,"text":37894},"What enumerate() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":36561,"depth":111,"text":37897},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36776,"depth":111,"text":37899},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36972,"depth":111,"text":37901},"Using the start argument",{"id":25714,"depth":111,"text":25715,"children":37903},[37904,37905,37906,37908],{"id":37112,"depth":132,"text":37113},{"id":37208,"depth":132,"text":37209},{"id":37372,"depth":132,"text":37907},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37461,"depth":132,"text":37462},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":37911},[37912,37914,37916,37918],{"id":37815,"depth":132,"text":37913},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37823,"depth":132,"text":37915},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37839,"depth":132,"text":37917},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37852,"depth":132,"text":37919},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":36100,"description":37921},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37928,"title":37929,"body":37930,"description":40446,"extension":2285,"meta":40447,"navigation":2287,"path":40448,"seo":40449,"stem":40450,"__hash__":40451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37931,"toc":40403},[37932,37938,37943,37946,37954,37968,37970,38061,38069,38074,38079,38081,38097,38099,38178,38180,38197,38203,38207,38209,38230,38234,38237,38249,38253,38256,38259,38276,38279,38355,38357,38374,38379,38383,38391,38394,38409,38411,38500,38502,38547,38550,38554,38557,38636,38638,38660,38663,38670,38675,38678,38781,38783,38808,38811,38818,38824,38829,38832,38843,38949,38951,38972,38980,38987,38993,39012,39017,39020,39039,39041,39126,39128,39157,39160,39165,39170,39173,39184,39186,39275,39277,39297,39303,39409,39411,39431,39434,39518,39520,39540,39547,39549,39553,39559,39562,39619,39622,39625,39686,39695,39698,39701,39729,39732,39792,39794,39811,39815,39818,39896,39898,39918,39921,39996,40000,40003,40005,40014,40019,40021,40072,40080,40092,40097,40158,40160,40177,40181,40244,40246,40271,40279,40281,40287,40293,40300,40308,40314,40317,40324,40334,40340,40346,40349,40366,40372,40374,40400],[10,37933,3908,37935,3912],{"id":37934},"python-filter-function-explained",[17,37936,37937],{},"filter()",[14,37939,37940,37942],{},[17,37941,37937],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37944,37945],{},"It takes:",[167,37947,37948,37951],{},[170,37949,37950],{},"a function that checks each item",[170,37952,37953],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37955,37956,37957,37960,37961,37964,37965,37967],{},"The result is ",[177,37958,37959],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[17,37962,37963],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[17,37966,25138],{}," to see the values.",[28,37969,31],{"id":30},[33,37971,37973],{"className":35,"code":37972,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[17,37974,37975,38008,38044],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,37976,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38006],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,37978,3952],{"class":114},[42,37980,88],{"class":87},[42,37982,3957],{"class":56},[42,37984,3320],{"class":2348},[42,37986,70],{"class":56},[42,37988,3325],{"class":2348},[42,37990,70],{"class":56},[42,37992,2781],{"class":2348},[42,37994,70],{"class":56},[42,37996,2787],{"class":2348},[42,37998,70],{"class":56},[42,38000,4946],{"class":2348},[42,38002,70],{"class":56},[42,38004,38005],{"class":2348}," 6",[42,38007,3970],{"class":56},[42,38009,38010,38012,38014,38017,38019,38022,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38011,2555],{"class":114},[42,38013,88],{"class":87},[42,38015,38016],{"class":52}," filter",[42,38018,57],{"class":56},[42,38020,38021],{"class":858},"lambda",[42,38023,38025],{"class":38024},"sFwrP"," x",[42,38027,1935],{"class":56},[42,38029,4218],{"class":125},[42,38031,6749],{"class":87},[42,38033,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38035,6754],{"class":87},[42,38037,4171],{"class":2348},[42,38039,70],{"class":56},[42,38041,4603],{"class":125},[42,38043,143],{"class":56},[42,38045,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38047,284],{"class":52},[42,38049,57],{"class":56},[42,38051,8443],{"class":834},[42,38053,57],{"class":56},[42,38055,2592],{"class":125},[42,38057,5705],{"class":56},[42,38059,38060],{"class":525},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,38062,38063,38065,38066,38068],{},[17,38064,37937],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[17,38067,25138],{}," to see the results.",[28,38070,4013,38072,4016],{"id":38071},"what-filter-does",[17,38073,37937],{},[14,38075,38076,38078],{},[17,38077,37937],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,38080,2432],{},[167,38082,38083,38086,38092],{},[170,38084,38085],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[170,38087,38088,38089,38091],{},"if the test returns ",[17,38090,3937],{},", the item is kept",[170,38093,38088,38094,38096],{},[17,38095,4009],{},", the item is removed",[14,38098,219],{},[33,38100,38102],{"className":35,"code":38101,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38103,38104,38132,38136,38164],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38105,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128,38130],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38107,3952],{"class":114},[42,38109,88],{"class":87},[42,38111,3957],{"class":56},[42,38113,3320],{"class":2348},[42,38115,70],{"class":56},[42,38117,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38119,70],{"class":56},[42,38121,2781],{"class":2348},[42,38123,70],{"class":56},[42,38125,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38127,70],{"class":56},[42,38129,4946],{"class":2348},[42,38131,3970],{"class":56},[42,38133,38134],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38135,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,38137,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156,38158,38160,38162],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38139,2555],{"class":114},[42,38141,88],{"class":87},[42,38143,38016],{"class":52},[42,38145,57],{"class":56},[42,38147,38021],{"class":858},[42,38149,38025],{"class":38024},[42,38151,1935],{"class":56},[42,38153,4218],{"class":125},[42,38155,4592],{"class":87},[42,38157,2781],{"class":2348},[42,38159,70],{"class":56},[42,38161,4603],{"class":125},[42,38163,143],{"class":56},[42,38165,38166,38168,38170,38172,38174,38176],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,38167,284],{"class":52},[42,38169,57],{"class":56},[42,38171,8443],{"class":834},[42,38173,57],{"class":56},[42,38175,2592],{"class":125},[42,38177,842],{"class":56},[14,38179,2395],{},[33,38181,38183],{"className":35,"code":38182,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[4, 5]\n",[17,38184,38185],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38186,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38188,4238],{"class":56},[42,38190,2836],{"class":2348},[42,38192,70],{"class":56},[42,38194,4946],{"class":2348},[42,38196,3970],{"class":56},[14,38198,38199,38200,38202],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[17,38201,2387],{}," are kept.",[28,38204,38206],{"id":38205},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,38208,2484],{},[33,38210,38212],{"className":35,"code":38211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[17,38213,38214],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38215,38216,38218,38220,38223,38225,38228],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38217,37963],{"class":52},[42,38219,57],{"class":56},[42,38221,38222],{"class":125},"function",[42,38224,70],{"class":56},[42,38226,38227],{"class":125}," iterable",[42,38229,143],{"class":56},[1073,38231,38232],{"id":38222},[17,38233,38222],{},[14,38235,38236],{},"This is the test function.",[167,38238,38239,38242],{},[170,38240,38241],{},"It receives one item at a time",[170,38243,38244,38245,1327,38247],{},"It should return ",[17,38246,3937],{},[17,38248,4009],{},[1073,38250,38251],{"id":4057},[17,38252,4057],{},[14,38254,38255],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,38257,38258],{},"It can be:",[167,38260,38261,38264,38267,38270,38273],{},[170,38262,38263],{},"a list",[170,38265,38266],{},"a tuple",[170,38268,38269],{},"a string",[170,38271,38272],{},"a set",[170,38274,38275],{},"another iterable object",[14,38277,38278],{},"Example with a tuple:",[33,38280,38282],{"className":35,"code":38281,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38283,38284,38309,38313,38341],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38285,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294,38296,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38287,3952],{"class":114},[42,38289,88],{"class":87},[42,38291,9586],{"class":56},[42,38293,2659],{"class":2348},[42,38295,70],{"class":56},[42,38297,38298],{"class":2348}," 15",[42,38300,70],{"class":56},[42,38302,8139],{"class":2348},[42,38304,70],{"class":56},[42,38306,9656],{"class":2348},[42,38308,143],{"class":56},[42,38310,38311],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38312,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,38314,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38316,2555],{"class":114},[42,38318,88],{"class":87},[42,38320,38016],{"class":52},[42,38322,57],{"class":56},[42,38324,38021],{"class":858},[42,38326,38025],{"class":38024},[42,38328,1935],{"class":56},[42,38330,4218],{"class":125},[42,38332,5441],{"class":87},[42,38334,8139],{"class":2348},[42,38336,70],{"class":56},[42,38338,4603],{"class":125},[42,38340,143],{"class":56},[42,38342,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,38344,284],{"class":52},[42,38346,57],{"class":56},[42,38348,8443],{"class":834},[42,38350,57],{"class":56},[42,38352,2592],{"class":125},[42,38354,842],{"class":56},[14,38356,2395],{},[33,38358,38360],{"className":35,"code":38359,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[20, 25]\n",[17,38361,38362],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38363,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38365,4238],{"class":56},[42,38367,16112],{"class":2348},[42,38369,70],{"class":56},[42,38371,9656],{"class":2348},[42,38373,3970],{"class":56},[14,38375,38376,38377,122],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[693,38378,5479],{"href":5931},[28,38380,38382],{"id":38381},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,38384,38385,38386,751,38388,122],{},"In Python 3, ",[17,38387,37937],{},[177,38389,38390],{},"filter object",[14,38392,38393],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[167,38395,38396,38399,38404],{},[170,38397,38398],{},"loop through it",[170,38400,38401,38402],{},"convert it with ",[17,38403,25138],{},[170,38405,38401,38406],{},[17,38407,38408],{},"tuple()",[14,38410,219],{},[33,38412,38414],{"className":35,"code":38413,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38415,38416,38458,38462,38472,38486],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38417,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38419,2555],{"class":114},[42,38421,88],{"class":87},[42,38423,38016],{"class":52},[42,38425,57],{"class":56},[42,38427,38021],{"class":858},[42,38429,38025],{"class":38024},[42,38431,1935],{"class":56},[42,38433,4218],{"class":125},[42,38435,4592],{"class":87},[42,38437,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38439,70],{"class":56},[42,38441,3957],{"class":56},[42,38443,3320],{"class":2348},[42,38445,70],{"class":56},[42,38447,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38449,70],{"class":56},[42,38451,2781],{"class":2348},[42,38453,70],{"class":56},[42,38455,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38457,4226],{"class":56},[42,38459,38460],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38461,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,38463,38464,38466,38468,38470],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38465,284],{"class":52},[42,38467,57],{"class":56},[42,38469,2592],{"class":125},[42,38471,143],{"class":56},[42,38473,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,38475,284],{"class":52},[42,38477,57],{"class":56},[42,38479,835],{"class":834},[42,38481,57],{"class":56},[42,38483,2592],{"class":125},[42,38485,842],{"class":56},[42,38487,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,38489,284],{"class":52},[42,38491,57],{"class":56},[42,38493,8443],{"class":834},[42,38495,57],{"class":56},[42,38497,2592],{"class":125},[42,38499,842],{"class":56},[14,38501,2395],{},[33,38503,38505],{"className":35,"code":38504,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[17,38506,38507,38521,38535],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38508,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38510,855],{"class":87},[42,38512,37963],{"class":52},[42,38514,24975],{"class":834},[42,38516,37725],{"class":114},[42,38518,37732],{"class":657},[42,38520,871],{"class":87},[42,38522,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38524,855],{"class":87},[42,38526,859],{"class":858},[42,38528,862],{"class":60},[42,38530,37963],{"class":64},[42,38532,868],{"class":60},[42,38534,871],{"class":87},[42,38536,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38538,4238],{"class":56},[42,38540,2387],{"class":2348},[42,38542,70],{"class":56},[42,38544,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38546,3970],{"class":56},[14,38548,38549],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1073,38551,38553],{"id":38552},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,38555,38556],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[33,38558,38560],{"className":35,"code":38559,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38561,38562,38604,38608,38622],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38563,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38565,2555],{"class":114},[42,38567,88],{"class":87},[42,38569,38016],{"class":52},[42,38571,57],{"class":56},[42,38573,38021],{"class":858},[42,38575,38025],{"class":38024},[42,38577,1935],{"class":56},[42,38579,4218],{"class":125},[42,38581,4592],{"class":87},[42,38583,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38585,70],{"class":56},[42,38587,3957],{"class":56},[42,38589,3320],{"class":2348},[42,38591,70],{"class":56},[42,38593,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38595,70],{"class":56},[42,38597,2781],{"class":2348},[42,38599,70],{"class":56},[42,38601,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38603,4226],{"class":56},[42,38605,38606],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38607,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,38609,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38611,284],{"class":52},[42,38613,57],{"class":56},[42,38615,8443],{"class":834},[42,38617,57],{"class":56},[42,38619,2592],{"class":125},[42,38621,842],{"class":56},[42,38623,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,38625,284],{"class":52},[42,38627,57],{"class":56},[42,38629,8443],{"class":834},[42,38631,57],{"class":56},[42,38633,2592],{"class":125},[42,38635,842],{"class":56},[14,38637,2395],{},[33,38639,38641],{"className":35,"code":38640,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[17,38642,38643,38655],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38644,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38646,4238],{"class":56},[42,38648,2387],{"class":2348},[42,38650,70],{"class":56},[42,38652,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38654,3970],{"class":56},[42,38656,38657],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38658,38659],{"class":56},"[]\n",[14,38661,38662],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[28,38664,1940,38666,9054,38668],{"id":38665},"using-filter-with-lambda",[17,38667,37937],{},[17,38669,38021],{},[14,38671,15546,38672,38674],{},[17,38673,38021],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,38676,38677],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[33,38679,38681],{"className":35,"code":38680,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38682,38683,38725,38729,38767],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38684,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38721,38723],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38686,4409],{"class":114},[42,38688,88],{"class":87},[42,38690,3957],{"class":56},[42,38692,61],{"class":60},[42,38694,4418],{"class":64},[42,38696,61],{"class":60},[42,38698,70],{"class":56},[42,38700,73],{"class":60},[42,38702,38703],{"class":64},"kiwi",[42,38705,61],{"class":60},[42,38707,70],{"class":56},[42,38709,73],{"class":60},[42,38711,4427],{"class":64},[42,38713,61],{"class":60},[42,38715,70],{"class":56},[42,38717,73],{"class":60},[42,38719,38720],{"class":64},"fig",[42,38722,61],{"class":60},[42,38724,3970],{"class":56},[42,38726,38727],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38728,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,38730,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38744,38746,38749,38751,38754,38756,38759,38761,38763,38765],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38732,2555],{"class":114},[42,38734,88],{"class":87},[42,38736,38016],{"class":52},[42,38738,57],{"class":56},[42,38740,38021],{"class":858},[42,38742,38743],{"class":38024}," word",[42,38745,1935],{"class":56},[42,38747,38748],{"class":52}," len",[42,38750,57],{"class":56},[42,38752,38753],{"class":125},"word",[42,38755,98],{"class":56},[42,38757,38758],{"class":87}," >",[42,38760,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38762,70],{"class":56},[42,38764,6514],{"class":125},[42,38766,143],{"class":56},[42,38768,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777,38779],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,38770,284],{"class":52},[42,38772,57],{"class":56},[42,38774,8443],{"class":834},[42,38776,57],{"class":56},[42,38778,2592],{"class":125},[42,38780,842],{"class":56},[14,38782,2395],{},[33,38784,38786],{"className":35,"code":38785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[17,38787,38788],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38789,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38791,4238],{"class":56},[42,38793,868],{"class":60},[42,38795,4418],{"class":64},[42,38797,868],{"class":60},[42,38799,70],{"class":56},[42,38801,862],{"class":60},[42,38803,4427],{"class":64},[42,38805,868],{"class":60},[42,38807,3970],{"class":56},[14,38809,38810],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38812,38813,38814,122],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[693,38815,38817],{"href":38816},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[28,38819,1940,38821,38823],{"id":38820},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[17,38822,37937],{}," with a named function",[14,38825,38826,38827,122],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[17,38828,38021],{},[14,38830,38831],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[167,38833,38834,38837,38840],{},[170,38835,38836],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[170,38838,38839],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[170,38841,38842],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[33,38844,38846],{"className":35,"code":38845,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,38847,38848,38861,38876,38880,38912,38931,38935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38849,38850,38852,38855,38857,38859],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38851,35211],{"class":858},[42,38853,38854],{"class":35214}," is_even",[42,38856,57],{"class":56},[42,38858,2565],{"class":38024},[42,38860,8692],{"class":56},[42,38862,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,38864,35222],{"class":48},[42,38866,6733],{"class":114},[42,38868,6749],{"class":87},[42,38870,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38872,6754],{"class":87},[42,38874,38875],{"class":2348}," 0\n",[42,38877,38878],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,38879,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,38881,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,38883,3952],{"class":114},[42,38885,88],{"class":87},[42,38887,3957],{"class":56},[42,38889,3320],{"class":2348},[42,38891,70],{"class":56},[42,38893,3325],{"class":2348},[42,38895,70],{"class":56},[42,38897,2781],{"class":2348},[42,38899,70],{"class":56},[42,38901,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38903,70],{"class":56},[42,38905,4946],{"class":2348},[42,38907,70],{"class":56},[42,38909,38005],{"class":2348},[42,38911,3970],{"class":56},[42,38913,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38925,38927,38929],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,38915,2555],{"class":114},[42,38917,88],{"class":87},[42,38919,38016],{"class":52},[42,38921,57],{"class":56},[42,38923,38924],{"class":125},"is_even",[42,38926,70],{"class":56},[42,38928,4603],{"class":125},[42,38930,143],{"class":56},[42,38932,38933],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,38934,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,38936,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,38938,284],{"class":52},[42,38940,57],{"class":56},[42,38942,8443],{"class":834},[42,38944,57],{"class":56},[42,38946,2592],{"class":125},[42,38948,842],{"class":56},[14,38950,2395],{},[33,38952,38954],{"className":35,"code":38953,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[17,38955,38956],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38957,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,38959,4238],{"class":56},[42,38961,2381],{"class":2348},[42,38963,70],{"class":56},[42,38965,2787],{"class":2348},[42,38967,70],{"class":56},[42,38969,38005],{"class":2348},[42,38971,3970],{"class":56},[14,38973,21129,38974,2726,38977,38979],{},[17,38975,38976],{},"is_even()",[17,38978,3937],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[28,38981,1940,38983,9054,38985],{"id":38982},"using-none-with-filter",[17,38984,4115],{},[17,38986,37937],{},[14,38988,38989,38990,38992],{},"You can pass ",[17,38991,4115],{}," as the first argument:",[33,38994,38996],{"className":35,"code":38995,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[17,38997,38998],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,38999,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39001,37963],{"class":52},[42,39003,57],{"class":56},[42,39005,4115],{"class":4190},[42,39007,70],{"class":56},[42,39009,38227],{"class":125},[42,39011,143],{"class":56},[14,39013,39014,39015,7687],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[177,39016,5941],{},[14,39018,39019],{},"Falsy values include:",[167,39021,39022,39026,39031,39035],{},[170,39023,39024],{},[17,39025,2445],{},[170,39027,39028,39030],{},[17,39029,4110],{}," (empty string)",[170,39032,39033],{},[17,39034,4115],{},[170,39036,39037],{},[17,39038,4009],{},[14,39040,219],{},[33,39042,39044],{"className":35,"code":39043,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,39045,39046,39090,39094,39112],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39047,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39049,8128],{"class":114},[42,39051,88],{"class":87},[42,39053,3957],{"class":56},[42,39055,2445],{"class":2348},[42,39057,70],{"class":56},[42,39059,5842],{"class":2348},[42,39061,70],{"class":56},[42,39063,6472],{"class":60},[42,39065,70],{"class":56},[42,39067,73],{"class":60},[42,39069,4183],{"class":64},[42,39071,61],{"class":60},[42,39073,70],{"class":56},[42,39075,4191],{"class":4190},[42,39077,70],{"class":56},[42,39079,4254],{"class":4190},[42,39081,70],{"class":56},[42,39083,4245],{"class":4190},[42,39085,70],{"class":56},[42,39087,4946],{"class":2348},[42,39089,3970],{"class":56},[42,39091,39092],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39093,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,39095,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,39097,2555],{"class":114},[42,39099,88],{"class":87},[42,39101,38016],{"class":52},[42,39103,57],{"class":56},[42,39105,4115],{"class":4190},[42,39107,70],{"class":56},[42,39109,6311],{"class":125},[42,39111,143],{"class":56},[42,39113,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,39115,284],{"class":52},[42,39117,57],{"class":56},[42,39119,8443],{"class":834},[42,39121,57],{"class":56},[42,39123,2592],{"class":125},[42,39125,842],{"class":56},[14,39127,2395],{},[33,39129,39131],{"className":35,"code":39130,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[17,39132,39133],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39134,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39136,4238],{"class":56},[42,39138,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39140,70],{"class":56},[42,39142,862],{"class":60},[42,39144,4183],{"class":64},[42,39146,868],{"class":60},[42,39148,70],{"class":56},[42,39150,4254],{"class":4190},[42,39152,70],{"class":56},[42,39154,4946],{"class":2348},[42,39156,3970],{"class":56},[14,39158,39159],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[28,39161,5303,39163],{"id":39162},"when-to-use-filter",[17,39164,37937],{},[14,39166,146,39167,39169],{},[17,39168,37937],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,39171,39172],{},"It works well for:",[167,39174,39175,39178,39181],{},[170,39176,39177],{},"simple filtering rules",[170,39179,39180],{},"quick data cleaning",[170,39182,39183],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,39185,219],{},[33,39187,39189],{"className":35,"code":39188,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[17,39190,39191,39223,39256,39260],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39192,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39194,3952],{"class":114},[42,39196,88],{"class":87},[42,39198,3957],{"class":56},[42,39200,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39202,70],{"class":56},[42,39204,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39206,70],{"class":56},[42,39208,2781],{"class":2348},[42,39210,70],{"class":56},[42,39212,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39214,70],{"class":56},[42,39216,4946],{"class":2348},[42,39218,70],{"class":56},[42,39220,38005],{"class":2348},[42,39222,3970],{"class":56},[42,39224,39225,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39226,39227],{"class":114},"evens ",[42,39229,88],{"class":87},[42,39231,38016],{"class":52},[42,39233,57],{"class":56},[42,39235,38021],{"class":858},[42,39237,38025],{"class":38024},[42,39239,1935],{"class":56},[42,39241,4218],{"class":125},[42,39243,6749],{"class":87},[42,39245,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39247,6754],{"class":87},[42,39249,4171],{"class":2348},[42,39251,70],{"class":56},[42,39253,4603],{"class":125},[42,39255,143],{"class":56},[42,39257,39258],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,39259,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,39261,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39273],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,39263,284],{"class":52},[42,39265,57],{"class":56},[42,39267,8443],{"class":834},[42,39269,57],{"class":56},[42,39271,39272],{"class":125},"evens",[42,39274,842],{"class":56},[14,39276,2395],{},[33,39278,39279],{"className":35,"code":38953,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,39280,39281],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39282,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39284,4238],{"class":56},[42,39286,2381],{"class":2348},[42,39288,70],{"class":56},[42,39290,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39292,70],{"class":56},[42,39294,38005],{"class":2348},[42,39296,3970],{"class":56},[14,39298,39299,39300,39302],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[17,39301,6303],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[33,39304,39306],{"className":35,"code":39305,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[17,39307,39308,39340,39348,39352,39364,39380,39395,39399],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39309,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39311,3952],{"class":114},[42,39313,88],{"class":87},[42,39315,3957],{"class":56},[42,39317,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39319,70],{"class":56},[42,39321,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39323,70],{"class":56},[42,39325,2781],{"class":2348},[42,39327,70],{"class":56},[42,39329,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39331,70],{"class":56},[42,39333,4946],{"class":2348},[42,39335,70],{"class":56},[42,39337,38005],{"class":2348},[42,39339,3970],{"class":56},[42,39341,39342,39344,39346],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39343,39227],{"class":114},[42,39345,88],{"class":87},[42,39347,8188],{"class":56},[42,39349,39350],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,39351,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,39353,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,39355,6303],{"class":48},[42,39357,6733],{"class":114},[42,39359,1299],{"class":48},[42,39361,4603],{"class":114},[42,39363,108],{"class":56},[42,39365,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,39367,6744],{"class":48},[42,39369,6733],{"class":114},[42,39371,6749],{"class":87},[42,39373,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39375,6754],{"class":87},[42,39377,4171],{"class":2348},[42,39379,108],{"class":56},[42,39381,39382,39385,39387,39389,39391,39393],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,39383,39384],{"class":114},"        evens",[42,39386,122],{"class":56},[42,39388,13910],{"class":125},[42,39390,57],{"class":56},[42,39392,2565],{"class":125},[42,39394,143],{"class":56},[42,39396,39397],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,39398,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,39400,39401,39403,39405,39407],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,39402,284],{"class":52},[42,39404,57],{"class":56},[42,39406,39272],{"class":125},[42,39408,143],{"class":56},[14,39410,2395],{},[33,39412,39413],{"className":35,"code":38953,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,39414,39415],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39416,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39418,4238],{"class":56},[42,39420,2381],{"class":2348},[42,39422,70],{"class":56},[42,39424,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39426,70],{"class":56},[42,39428,38005],{"class":2348},[42,39430,3970],{"class":56},[14,39432,39433],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[33,39435,39437],{"className":35,"code":39436,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[17,39438,39439,39471,39504,39508],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39440,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39442,3952],{"class":114},[42,39444,88],{"class":87},[42,39446,3957],{"class":56},[42,39448,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39450,70],{"class":56},[42,39452,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39454,70],{"class":56},[42,39456,2781],{"class":2348},[42,39458,70],{"class":56},[42,39460,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39462,70],{"class":56},[42,39464,4946],{"class":2348},[42,39466,70],{"class":56},[42,39468,38005],{"class":2348},[42,39470,3970],{"class":56},[42,39472,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39474,39227],{"class":114},[42,39476,88],{"class":87},[42,39478,3957],{"class":56},[42,39480,2542],{"class":114},[42,39482,6303],{"class":48},[42,39484,6733],{"class":114},[42,39486,1299],{"class":48},[42,39488,39489],{"class":114}," numbers ",[42,39491,7345],{"class":48},[42,39493,6733],{"class":114},[42,39495,6749],{"class":87},[42,39497,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39499,6754],{"class":87},[42,39501,4171],{"class":2348},[42,39503,3970],{"class":56},[42,39505,39506],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,39507,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,39509,39510,39512,39514,39516],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,39511,284],{"class":52},[42,39513,57],{"class":56},[42,39515,39272],{"class":125},[42,39517,143],{"class":56},[14,39519,2395],{},[33,39521,39522],{"className":35,"code":38953,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,39523,39524],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39525,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39527,4238],{"class":56},[42,39529,2381],{"class":2348},[42,39531,70],{"class":56},[42,39533,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39535,70],{"class":56},[42,39537,38005],{"class":2348},[42,39539,3970],{"class":56},[14,39541,39542,39543,122],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[693,39544,39546],{"href":39545},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[28,39548,1929],{"id":1928},[14,39550,15090,39551,122],{},[17,39552,37937],{},[1073,39554,8803,39556,39558],{"id":39555},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[17,39557,37937],{}," to return a list",[14,39560,39561],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[33,39563,39565],{"className":35,"code":39564,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[17,39566,39567,39609],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39568,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39570,2555],{"class":114},[42,39572,88],{"class":87},[42,39574,38016],{"class":52},[42,39576,57],{"class":56},[42,39578,38021],{"class":858},[42,39580,38025],{"class":38024},[42,39582,1935],{"class":56},[42,39584,4218],{"class":125},[42,39586,4592],{"class":87},[42,39588,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39590,70],{"class":56},[42,39592,3957],{"class":56},[42,39594,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39596,70],{"class":56},[42,39598,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39600,70],{"class":56},[42,39602,2781],{"class":2348},[42,39604,70],{"class":56},[42,39606,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39608,4226],{"class":56},[42,39610,39611,39613,39615,39617],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39612,284],{"class":52},[42,39614,57],{"class":56},[42,39616,2592],{"class":125},[42,39618,143],{"class":56},[14,39620,39621],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,39623,39624],{},"Fix:",[33,39626,39628],{"className":35,"code":39627,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,39629,39630,39672],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39631,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39633,2555],{"class":114},[42,39635,88],{"class":87},[42,39637,38016],{"class":52},[42,39639,57],{"class":56},[42,39641,38021],{"class":858},[42,39643,38025],{"class":38024},[42,39645,1935],{"class":56},[42,39647,4218],{"class":125},[42,39649,4592],{"class":87},[42,39651,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39653,70],{"class":56},[42,39655,3957],{"class":56},[42,39657,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39659,70],{"class":56},[42,39661,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39663,70],{"class":56},[42,39665,2781],{"class":2348},[42,39667,70],{"class":56},[42,39669,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39671,4226],{"class":56},[42,39673,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39675,284],{"class":52},[42,39677,57],{"class":56},[42,39679,8443],{"class":834},[42,39681,57],{"class":56},[42,39683,2592],{"class":125},[42,39685,842],{"class":56},[1073,39687,39689,39690,1327,39692,39694],{"id":39688},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[17,39691,3937],{},[17,39693,4009],{}," clearly",[14,39696,39697],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,39699,39700],{},"Good example:",[33,39702,39704],{"className":35,"code":39703,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[17,39705,39706,39719],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39707,39708,39710,39713,39715,39717],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39709,35211],{"class":858},[42,39711,39712],{"class":35214}," is_positive",[42,39714,57],{"class":56},[42,39716,2565],{"class":38024},[42,39718,8692],{"class":56},[42,39720,39721,39723,39725,39727],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39722,35222],{"class":48},[42,39724,6733],{"class":114},[42,39726,4592],{"class":87},[42,39728,38875],{"class":2348},[14,39730,39731],{},"Then use it with:",[33,39733,39735],{"className":35,"code":39734,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[17,39736,39737,39769],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39738,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39740,3952],{"class":114},[42,39742,88],{"class":87},[42,39744,3957],{"class":56},[42,39746,2345],{"class":87},[42,39748,2381],{"class":2348},[42,39750,70],{"class":56},[42,39752,2547],{"class":87},[42,39754,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39756,70],{"class":56},[42,39758,4171],{"class":2348},[42,39760,70],{"class":56},[42,39762,5842],{"class":2348},[42,39764,70],{"class":56},[42,39766,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39768,3970],{"class":56},[42,39770,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39786,39788,39790],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39772,284],{"class":52},[42,39774,57],{"class":56},[42,39776,8443],{"class":834},[42,39778,57],{"class":56},[42,39780,37963],{"class":52},[42,39782,57],{"class":56},[42,39784,39785],{"class":125},"is_positive",[42,39787,70],{"class":56},[42,39789,4603],{"class":125},[42,39791,3243],{"class":56},[14,39793,2395],{},[33,39795,39797],{"className":35,"code":39796,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2]\n",[17,39798,39799],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39800,39801,39803,39805,39807,39809],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39802,4238],{"class":56},[42,39804,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39806,70],{"class":56},[42,39808,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39810,3970],{"class":56},[1073,39812,39814],{"id":39813},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39816,39817],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[33,39819,39820],{"className":35,"code":38559,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,39821,39822,39864,39868,39882],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39823,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39825,2555],{"class":114},[42,39827,88],{"class":87},[42,39829,38016],{"class":52},[42,39831,57],{"class":56},[42,39833,38021],{"class":858},[42,39835,38025],{"class":38024},[42,39837,1935],{"class":56},[42,39839,4218],{"class":125},[42,39841,4592],{"class":87},[42,39843,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39845,70],{"class":56},[42,39847,3957],{"class":56},[42,39849,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39851,70],{"class":56},[42,39853,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39855,70],{"class":56},[42,39857,2781],{"class":2348},[42,39859,70],{"class":56},[42,39861,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39863,4226],{"class":56},[42,39865,39866],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39867,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,39869,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,39871,284],{"class":52},[42,39873,57],{"class":56},[42,39875,8443],{"class":834},[42,39877,57],{"class":56},[42,39879,2592],{"class":125},[42,39881,842],{"class":56},[42,39883,39884,39886,39888,39890,39892,39894],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,39885,284],{"class":52},[42,39887,57],{"class":56},[42,39889,8443],{"class":834},[42,39891,57],{"class":56},[42,39893,2592],{"class":125},[42,39895,842],{"class":56},[14,39897,2395],{},[33,39899,39900],{"className":35,"code":38640,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,39901,39902,39914],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39903,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39905,4238],{"class":56},[42,39907,2387],{"class":2348},[42,39909,70],{"class":56},[42,39911,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39913,3970],{"class":56},[42,39915,39916],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39917,38659],{"class":56},[14,39919,39920],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[33,39922,39924],{"className":35,"code":39923,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[17,39925,39926,39972,39976,39986],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,39927,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952,39954,39956,39958,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,39929,2555],{"class":114},[42,39931,88],{"class":87},[42,39933,22917],{"class":834},[42,39935,57],{"class":56},[42,39937,37963],{"class":52},[42,39939,57],{"class":56},[42,39941,38021],{"class":858},[42,39943,38025],{"class":38024},[42,39945,1935],{"class":56},[42,39947,4218],{"class":125},[42,39949,4592],{"class":87},[42,39951,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39953,70],{"class":56},[42,39955,3957],{"class":56},[42,39957,3320],{"class":2348},[42,39959,70],{"class":56},[42,39961,3325],{"class":2348},[42,39963,70],{"class":56},[42,39965,2781],{"class":2348},[42,39967,70],{"class":56},[42,39969,2787],{"class":2348},[42,39971,3332],{"class":56},[42,39973,39974],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,39975,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,39977,39978,39980,39982,39984],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,39979,284],{"class":52},[42,39981,57],{"class":56},[42,39983,2592],{"class":125},[42,39985,143],{"class":56},[42,39987,39988,39990,39992,39994],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,39989,284],{"class":52},[42,39991,57],{"class":56},[42,39993,2592],{"class":125},[42,39995,143],{"class":56},[1073,39997,39999],{"id":39998},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,40001,40002],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,40004,17002],{},[33,40006,40008],{"className":35,"code":40007,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[17,40009,40010],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40011,40012],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40013,40007],{"class":525},[14,40015,40016,40017,6898],{},"This causes an error because ",[17,40018,2659],{},[14,40020,17014],{},[33,40022,40024],{"className":35,"code":40023,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[17,40025,40026],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40027,40028,40030,40032,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046,40048,40050,40052,40054,40056,40058,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40029,284],{"class":52},[42,40031,57],{"class":56},[42,40033,8443],{"class":834},[42,40035,57],{"class":56},[42,40037,37963],{"class":52},[42,40039,57],{"class":56},[42,40041,38021],{"class":858},[42,40043,38025],{"class":38024},[42,40045,1935],{"class":56},[42,40047,4218],{"class":125},[42,40049,4592],{"class":87},[42,40051,3325],{"class":2348},[42,40053,70],{"class":56},[42,40055,3957],{"class":56},[42,40057,3320],{"class":2348},[42,40059,70],{"class":56},[42,40061,3325],{"class":2348},[42,40063,70],{"class":56},[42,40065,2781],{"class":2348},[42,40067,70],{"class":56},[42,40069,2787],{"class":2348},[42,40071,37626],{"class":56},[1073,40073,37565,40075,9054,40077],{"id":40074},"confusing-filter-with-map",[17,40076,37937],{},[17,40078,40079],{},"map()",[167,40081,40082,40087],{},[170,40083,40084,40086],{},[17,40085,37937],{}," keeps or removes items",[170,40088,40089,40091],{},[17,40090,40079],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,40093,40094,40095,1935],{},"Example of ",[17,40096,37937],{},[33,40098,40100],{"className":35,"code":40099,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[17,40101,40102,40126],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40103,40104,40106,40108,40110,40112,40114,40116,40118,40120,40122,40124],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40105,3952],{"class":114},[42,40107,88],{"class":87},[42,40109,3957],{"class":56},[42,40111,3320],{"class":2348},[42,40113,70],{"class":56},[42,40115,3325],{"class":2348},[42,40117,70],{"class":56},[42,40119,2781],{"class":2348},[42,40121,70],{"class":56},[42,40123,2787],{"class":2348},[42,40125,3970],{"class":56},[42,40127,40128,40130,40132,40134,40136,40138,40140,40142,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152,40154,40156],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40129,284],{"class":52},[42,40131,57],{"class":56},[42,40133,8443],{"class":834},[42,40135,57],{"class":56},[42,40137,37963],{"class":52},[42,40139,57],{"class":56},[42,40141,38021],{"class":858},[42,40143,38025],{"class":38024},[42,40145,1935],{"class":56},[42,40147,4218],{"class":125},[42,40149,4592],{"class":87},[42,40151,3325],{"class":2348},[42,40153,70],{"class":56},[42,40155,4603],{"class":125},[42,40157,3243],{"class":56},[14,40159,2395],{},[33,40161,40163],{"className":35,"code":40162,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[3, 4]\n",[17,40164,40165],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40166,40167,40169,40171,40173,40175],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40168,4238],{"class":56},[42,40170,2387],{"class":2348},[42,40172,70],{"class":56},[42,40174,2787],{"class":2348},[42,40176,3970],{"class":56},[14,40178,40094,40179,1935],{},[17,40180,40079],{},[33,40182,40184],{"className":35,"code":40183,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[17,40185,40186,40210],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40187,40188,40190,40192,40194,40196,40198,40200,40202,40204,40206,40208],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40189,3952],{"class":114},[42,40191,88],{"class":87},[42,40193,3957],{"class":56},[42,40195,3320],{"class":2348},[42,40197,70],{"class":56},[42,40199,3325],{"class":2348},[42,40201,70],{"class":56},[42,40203,2781],{"class":2348},[42,40205,70],{"class":56},[42,40207,2787],{"class":2348},[42,40209,3970],{"class":56},[42,40211,40212,40214,40216,40218,40220,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233,40236,40238,40240,40242],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40213,284],{"class":52},[42,40215,57],{"class":56},[42,40217,8443],{"class":834},[42,40219,57],{"class":56},[42,40221,40222],{"class":52},"map",[42,40224,57],{"class":56},[42,40226,38021],{"class":858},[42,40228,38025],{"class":38024},[42,40230,1935],{"class":56},[42,40232,4218],{"class":125},[42,40234,40235],{"class":87},"*",[42,40237,3325],{"class":2348},[42,40239,70],{"class":56},[42,40241,4603],{"class":125},[42,40243,3243],{"class":56},[14,40245,2395],{},[33,40247,40249],{"className":35,"code":40248,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[17,40250,40251],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40252,40253,40255,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267,40269],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40254,4238],{"class":56},[42,40256,2381],{"class":2348},[42,40258,70],{"class":56},[42,40260,2787],{"class":2348},[42,40262,70],{"class":56},[42,40264,38005],{"class":2348},[42,40266,70],{"class":56},[42,40268,6706],{"class":2348},[42,40270,3970],{"class":56},[14,40272,40273,40274,122],{},"For the related function, see ",[693,40275,3908,40277,3841],{"href":40276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[17,40278,40079],{},[28,40280,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,40282,13060,40284,40286],{"id":40283},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[17,40285,37937],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,40288,40289,40290,40292],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[17,40291,25138],{}," if needed.",[1073,40294,40296,40297,40299],{"id":40295},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[17,40298,37937],{}," need to return?",[14,40301,38244,40302,40304,40305,40307],{},[17,40303,3937],{}," to keep an item and ",[17,40306,4009],{}," to remove it.",[1073,40309,28687,40311,40313],{"id":40310},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[17,40312,37937],{}," without lambda?",[14,40315,40316],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1073,40318,5485,40320,40323],{"id":40319},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[17,40321,40322],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,40325,40326,40327,40329,40330,17431,40332,122],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[17,40328,2445],{},", empty strings, ",[17,40331,4115],{},[17,40333,4009],{},[1073,40335,21778,40337,40339],{"id":40336},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[17,40338,37937],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,40341,40342,40343,40345],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[17,40344,6303],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,40347,40348],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[167,40350,40351,40357,40363],{},[170,40352,40353,40354,40356],{},"use ",[17,40355,37937],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[170,40358,40359,40360,40362],{},"use a ",[17,40361,6303],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[170,40364,40365],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,40367,40368,40369,122],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[693,40370,5475],{"href":40371},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[28,40373,2205],{"id":2204},[167,40375,40376,40381,40385,40390,40396],{},[170,40377,40378],{},[693,40379,40380],{"href":38816},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[170,40382,40383],{},[693,40384,5564],{"href":40371},[170,40386,40387],{},[693,40388,40389],{"href":39545},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[170,40391,40392],{},[693,40393,3908,40394,3841],{"href":40276},[17,40395,40079],{},[170,40397,40398],{},[693,40399,5559],{"href":5931},[2245,40401,40402],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":40404},[40405,40406,40408,40412,40415,40417,40419,40421,40423,40433,40445],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":38071,"depth":111,"text":40407},"What filter() does",{"id":38205,"depth":111,"text":38206,"children":40409},[40410,40411],{"id":38222,"depth":132,"text":38222},{"id":4057,"depth":132,"text":4057},{"id":38381,"depth":111,"text":38382,"children":40413},[40414],{"id":38552,"depth":132,"text":38553},{"id":38665,"depth":111,"text":40416},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38820,"depth":111,"text":40418},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38982,"depth":111,"text":40420},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39162,"depth":111,"text":40422},"When to use filter()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":40424},[40425,40427,40429,40430,40431],{"id":39555,"depth":132,"text":40426},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39688,"depth":132,"text":40428},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39813,"depth":132,"text":39814},{"id":39998,"depth":132,"text":39999},{"id":40074,"depth":132,"text":40432},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":40434},[40435,40437,40439,40441,40443],{"id":40283,"depth":132,"text":40436},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40295,"depth":132,"text":40438},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40310,"depth":132,"text":40440},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40319,"depth":132,"text":40442},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40336,"depth":132,"text":40444},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37929,"description":40446},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40453,"title":40454,"body":40455,"description":42607,"extension":2285,"meta":42608,"navigation":2287,"path":42609,"seo":42610,"stem":42611,"__hash__":42612},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40456,"toc":42561},[40457,40460,40465,40471,40473,40525,40527,40546,40551,40555,40560,40563,40578,40581,40603,40605,40654,40656,40680,40682,40684,40699,40704,40712,40727,40729,40738,40741,40776,40780,40785,40789,40796,40831,40833,40849,40853,40856,40897,40899,40913,40917,40920,40944,40946,40955,40959,40962,40995,40997,41010,41014,41020,41039,41041,41049,41053,41058,41062,41068,41091,41093,41122,41125,41144,41148,41151,41178,41180,41214,41218,41221,41245,41249,41260,41262,41267,41272,41274,41358,41360,41402,41405,41409,41416,41425,41481,41488,41497,41502,41506,41577,41579,41588,41592,41595,41639,41641,41650,41654,41660,41710,41714,41719,41723,41747,41749,41758,41762,41786,41788,41799,41803,41827,41829,41838,41841,41858,41864,41868,41874,41877,41882,41885,41906,41908,41940,41943,41948,41950,41961,41963,42007,42011,42018,42070,42072,42081,42085,42088,42181,42184,42208,42212,42215,42307,42312,42316,42323,42328,42352,42354,42363,42368,42391,42393,42401,42408,42431,42439,42441,42454,42464,42466,42470,42477,42481,42490,42494,42501,42505,42509,42513,42526,42528,42558],[10,40458,40454],{"id":40459},"python-float-function-explained",[14,40461,9473,40462,40464],{},[17,40463,3215],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,40466,40467,40468,40470],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[17,40469,3215],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[28,40472,31],{"id":30},[33,40474,40476],{"className":35,"code":40475,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[17,40477,40478,40492,40511],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40479,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40490],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40481,284],{"class":52},[42,40483,57],{"class":56},[42,40485,2517],{"class":834},[42,40487,57],{"class":56},[42,40489,2461],{"class":2348},[42,40491,842],{"class":56},[42,40493,40494,40496,40498,40500,40502,40504,40507,40509],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40495,284],{"class":52},[42,40497,57],{"class":56},[42,40499,2517],{"class":834},[42,40501,57],{"class":56},[42,40503,61],{"class":60},[42,40505,40506],{"class":64},"3.14",[42,40508,61],{"class":60},[42,40510,842],{"class":56},[42,40512,40513,40515,40517,40519,40521,40523],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,40514,284],{"class":52},[42,40516,57],{"class":56},[42,40518,2517],{"class":834},[42,40520,57],{"class":56},[42,40522,3937],{"class":4190},[42,40524,842],{"class":56},[14,40526,2395],{},[33,40528,40530],{"className":35,"code":40529,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[17,40531,40532,40536,40541],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40533,40534],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40535,2810],{"class":2348},[42,40537,40538],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40539,40540],{"class":2348},"3.14\n",[42,40542,40543],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,40544,40545],{"class":2348},"1.0\n",[14,40547,146,40548,40550],{},[17,40549,3215],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[28,40552,40554],{"id":40553},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,40556,40557,40559],{},[17,40558,3215],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,40561,40562],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[167,40564,40565,40569,40573],{},[170,40566,40567],{},[17,40568,2822],{},[170,40570,40571],{},[17,40572,40506],{},[170,40574,40575],{},[17,40576,40577],{},"0.5",[14,40579,40580],{},"A few key points:",[167,40582,40583,40590,40593,40596],{},[170,40584,40585,40587,40588],{},[17,40586,3215],{}," returns a value of type ",[17,40589,2517],{},[170,40591,40592],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[170,40594,40595],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[170,40597,40598,40599],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[693,40600,40601],{"href":8569},[17,40602,3289],{},[14,40604,219],{},[33,40606,40608],{"className":35,"code":40607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,40609,40610,40630,40640],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40611,40612,40614,40616,40619,40621,40623,40626,40628],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40613,2542],{"class":114},[42,40615,88],{"class":87},[42,40617,40618],{"class":834}," float",[42,40620,57],{"class":56},[42,40622,61],{"class":60},[42,40624,40625],{"class":64},"2.75",[42,40627,61],{"class":60},[42,40629,143],{"class":56},[42,40631,40632,40634,40636,40638],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40633,284],{"class":52},[42,40635,57],{"class":56},[42,40637,2565],{"class":125},[42,40639,143],{"class":56},[42,40641,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,40643,284],{"class":52},[42,40645,57],{"class":56},[42,40647,835],{"class":834},[42,40649,57],{"class":56},[42,40651,2565],{"class":125},[42,40653,842],{"class":56},[14,40655,2395],{},[33,40657,40659],{"className":35,"code":40658,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,40660,40661,40666],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40662,40663],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40664,40665],{"class":2348},"2.75\n",[42,40667,40668,40670,40672,40674,40676,40678],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40669,855],{"class":87},[42,40671,859],{"class":858},[42,40673,862],{"class":60},[42,40675,2517],{"class":64},[42,40677,868],{"class":60},[42,40679,871],{"class":87},[28,40681,312],{"id":311},[14,40683,7565],{},[33,40685,40687],{"className":35,"code":40686,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"float(value)\n",[17,40688,40689],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40690,40691,40693,40695,40697],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40692,2517],{"class":834},[42,40694,57],{"class":56},[42,40696,2803],{"class":125},[42,40698,143],{"class":56},[14,40700,40701,40702,122],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[17,40703,3215],{},[14,40705,40706,40707,40709,40710,1935],{},"If you call ",[17,40708,3215],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[17,40711,4105],{},[33,40713,40715],{"className":35,"code":40714,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float())\n",[17,40716,40717],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40718,40719,40721,40723,40725],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40720,284],{"class":52},[42,40722,57],{"class":56},[42,40724,2517],{"class":834},[42,40726,584],{"class":56},[14,40728,2395],{},[33,40730,40732],{"className":35,"code":40731,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0.0\n",[17,40733,40734],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40735,40736],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40737,40731],{"class":2348},[14,40739,40740],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[33,40742,40744],{"className":35,"code":40743,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[17,40745,40746,40766],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40747,40748,40751,40753,40755,40757,40759,40762,40764],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40749,40750],{"class":114},"price ",[42,40752,88],{"class":87},[42,40754,40618],{"class":834},[42,40756,57],{"class":56},[42,40758,61],{"class":60},[42,40760,40761],{"class":64},"19.99",[42,40763,61],{"class":60},[42,40765,143],{"class":56},[42,40767,40768,40770,40772,40774],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40769,284],{"class":52},[42,40771,57],{"class":56},[42,40773,25507],{"class":125},[42,40775,143],{"class":56},[28,40777,40779],{"id":40778},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40781,40782,40784],{},[17,40783,3215],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1073,40786,40788],{"id":40787},"integers","Integers",[14,40790,40791,40792,40795],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[17,40793,40794],{},".0"," added:",[33,40797,40799],{"className":35,"code":40798,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[17,40800,40801,40815],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40802,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811,40813],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40804,284],{"class":52},[42,40806,57],{"class":56},[42,40808,2517],{"class":834},[42,40810,57],{"class":56},[42,40812,2461],{"class":2348},[42,40814,842],{"class":56},[42,40816,40817,40819,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40818,284],{"class":52},[42,40820,57],{"class":56},[42,40822,2517],{"class":834},[42,40824,57],{"class":56},[42,40826,2345],{"class":87},[42,40828,2381],{"class":2348},[42,40830,842],{"class":56},[14,40832,2395],{},[33,40834,40836],{"className":35,"code":40835,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[17,40837,40838,40842],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40839,40840],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40841,2810],{"class":2348},[42,40843,40844,40846],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40845,2345],{"class":87},[42,40847,40848],{"class":2348},"2.0\n",[1073,40850,40852],{"id":40851},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40854,40855],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[33,40857,40859],{"className":35,"code":40858,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[17,40860,40861,40879],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40862,40863,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873,40875,40877],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40864,284],{"class":52},[42,40866,57],{"class":56},[42,40868,2517],{"class":834},[42,40870,57],{"class":56},[42,40872,61],{"class":60},[42,40874,40506],{"class":64},[42,40876,61],{"class":60},[42,40878,842],{"class":56},[42,40880,40881,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893,40895],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40882,284],{"class":52},[42,40884,57],{"class":56},[42,40886,2517],{"class":834},[42,40888,57],{"class":56},[42,40890,61],{"class":60},[42,40892,2659],{"class":64},[42,40894,61],{"class":60},[42,40896,842],{"class":56},[14,40898,2395],{},[33,40900,40902],{"className":35,"code":40901,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3.14\n10.0\n",[17,40903,40904,40908],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40905,40906],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40907,40540],{"class":2348},[42,40909,40910],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40911,40912],{"class":2348},"10.0\n",[1073,40914,40916],{"id":40915},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40918,40919],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[33,40921,40923],{"className":35,"code":40922,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[17,40924,40925],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40926,40927,40929,40931,40933,40935,40937,40940,40942],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40928,284],{"class":52},[42,40930,57],{"class":56},[42,40932,2517],{"class":834},[42,40934,57],{"class":56},[42,40936,61],{"class":60},[42,40938,40939],{"class":64},"  8.5  ",[42,40941,61],{"class":60},[42,40943,842],{"class":56},[14,40945,2395],{},[33,40947,40949],{"className":35,"code":40948,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"8.5\n",[17,40950,40951],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40952,40953],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40954,40948],{"class":2348},[1073,40956,40958],{"id":40957},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40960,40961],{},"Boolean values also work:",[33,40963,40965],{"className":35,"code":40964,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[17,40966,40967,40981],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,40968,40969,40971,40973,40975,40977,40979],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,40970,284],{"class":52},[42,40972,57],{"class":56},[42,40974,2517],{"class":834},[42,40976,57],{"class":56},[42,40978,3937],{"class":4190},[42,40980,842],{"class":56},[42,40982,40983,40985,40987,40989,40991,40993],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,40984,284],{"class":52},[42,40986,57],{"class":56},[42,40988,2517],{"class":834},[42,40990,57],{"class":56},[42,40992,4009],{"class":4190},[42,40994,842],{"class":56},[14,40996,2395],{},[33,40998,41000],{"className":35,"code":40999,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1.0\n0.0\n",[17,41001,41002,41006],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41003,41004],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41005,40545],{"class":2348},[42,41007,41008],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41009,40731],{"class":2348},[1073,41011,41013],{"id":41012},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,41015,41016,41017,41019],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[17,41018,3215],{}," returns a float version of it:",[33,41021,41023],{"className":35,"code":41022,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(4.2))\n",[17,41024,41025],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41026,41027,41029,41031,41033,41035,41037],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41028,284],{"class":52},[42,41030,57],{"class":56},[42,41032,2517],{"class":834},[42,41034,57],{"class":56},[42,41036,2691],{"class":2348},[42,41038,842],{"class":56},[14,41040,2395],{},[33,41042,41043],{"className":35,"code":2715,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,41044,41045],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41046,41047],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41048,2715],{"class":2348},[28,41050,41052],{"id":41051},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,41054,41055,41056,122],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[17,41057,3215],{},[1073,41059,41061],{"id":41060},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,41063,41064,41065,1935],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[17,41066,41067],{},"ValueError",[33,41069,41071],{"className":35,"code":41070,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[17,41072,41073],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41074,41075,41077,41079,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41076,284],{"class":52},[42,41078,57],{"class":56},[42,41080,2517],{"class":834},[42,41082,57],{"class":56},[42,41084,61],{"class":60},[42,41086,4183],{"class":64},[42,41088,61],{"class":60},[42,41090,842],{"class":56},[14,41092,30040],{},[33,41094,41096],{"className":35,"code":41095,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[17,41097,41098],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41099,41100,41102,41104,41107,41109,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41101,41067],{"class":834},[42,41103,1935],{"class":56},[42,41105,41106],{"class":114}," could ",[42,41108,179],{"class":87},[42,41110,41111],{"class":114}," convert string to ",[42,41113,2517],{"class":834},[42,41115,1935],{"class":56},[42,41117,862],{"class":60},[42,41119,4183],{"class":64},[42,41121,30059],{"class":60},[14,41123,41124],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[33,41126,41128],{"className":35,"code":41127,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[17,41129,41130],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41131,41132,41134,41136,41138,41140,41142],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41133,284],{"class":52},[42,41135,57],{"class":56},[42,41137,2517],{"class":834},[42,41139,57],{"class":56},[42,41141,6618],{"class":60},[42,41143,842],{"class":56},[1073,41145,41147],{"id":41146},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,41149,41150],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[33,41152,41154],{"className":35,"code":41153,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[17,41155,41156],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41157,41158,41160,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170,41172,41174,41176],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41159,284],{"class":52},[42,41161,57],{"class":56},[42,41163,2517],{"class":834},[42,41165,3317],{"class":56},[42,41167,3320],{"class":2348},[42,41169,70],{"class":56},[42,41171,3325],{"class":2348},[42,41173,70],{"class":56},[42,41175,2781],{"class":2348},[42,41177,3332],{"class":56},[14,41179,30040],{},[33,41181,41183],{"className":35,"code":41182,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[17,41184,41185],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41186,41187,41189,41191,41193,41195,41198,41201,41204,41206,41208,41210,41212],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41188,3338],{"class":834},[42,41190,1935],{"class":56},[42,41192,40618],{"class":834},[42,41194,7713],{"class":56},[42,41196,41197],{"class":114}," argument must be a string ",[42,41199,41200],{"class":87},"or",[42,41202,41203],{"class":114}," a real number",[42,41205,70],{"class":56},[42,41207,8449],{"class":87},[42,41209,862],{"class":60},[42,41211,8443],{"class":64},[42,41213,30059],{"class":60},[1073,41215,41217],{"id":41216},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,41219,41220],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[33,41222,41224],{"className":35,"code":41223,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[17,41225,41226],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41227,41228,41230,41232,41234,41236,41238,41241,41243],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41229,284],{"class":52},[42,41231,57],{"class":56},[42,41233,2517],{"class":834},[42,41235,57],{"class":56},[42,41237,61],{"class":60},[42,41239,41240],{"class":64},"3,14",[42,41242,61],{"class":60},[42,41244,842],{"class":56},[14,41246,3335,41247,122],{},[17,41248,41067],{},[14,41250,41251,41252,1753,41256,122],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[693,41253,41255],{"href":41254},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[693,41257,41259],{"href":41258},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[28,41261,17778],{"id":17777},[14,41263,41264,41266],{},[17,41265,3215],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,41268,175,41269,41271],{},[177,41270,179],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,41273,219],{},[33,41275,41277],{"className":35,"code":41276,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,41278,41279,41292,41306,41310,41320,41330,41344],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41280,41281,41283,41285,41287,41290],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41282,35048],{"class":114},[42,41284,88],{"class":87},[42,41286,73],{"class":60},[42,41288,41289],{"class":64},"6.5",[42,41291,3689],{"class":60},[42,41293,41294,41296,41298,41300,41302,41304],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41295,2542],{"class":114},[42,41297,88],{"class":87},[42,41299,40618],{"class":834},[42,41301,57],{"class":56},[42,41303,444],{"class":125},[42,41305,143],{"class":56},[42,41307,41308],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,41309,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,41311,41312,41314,41316,41318],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,41313,284],{"class":52},[42,41315,57],{"class":56},[42,41317,444],{"class":125},[42,41319,143],{"class":56},[42,41321,41322,41324,41326,41328],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,41323,284],{"class":52},[42,41325,57],{"class":56},[42,41327,2565],{"class":125},[42,41329,143],{"class":56},[42,41331,41332,41334,41336,41338,41340,41342],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,41333,284],{"class":52},[42,41335,57],{"class":56},[42,41337,835],{"class":834},[42,41339,57],{"class":56},[42,41341,444],{"class":125},[42,41343,842],{"class":56},[42,41345,41346,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,41347,284],{"class":52},[42,41349,57],{"class":56},[42,41351,835],{"class":834},[42,41353,57],{"class":56},[42,41355,2565],{"class":125},[42,41357,842],{"class":56},[14,41359,2395],{},[33,41361,41363],{"className":35,"code":41362,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[17,41364,41365,41370,41374,41388],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41366,41367],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41368,41369],{"class":2348},"6.5\n",[42,41371,41372],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41373,41369],{"class":2348},[42,41375,41376,41378,41380,41382,41384,41386],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,41377,855],{"class":87},[42,41379,859],{"class":858},[42,41381,862],{"class":60},[42,41383,3775],{"class":64},[42,41385,868],{"class":60},[42,41387,871],{"class":87},[42,41389,41390,41392,41394,41396,41398,41400],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,41391,855],{"class":87},[42,41393,859],{"class":858},[42,41395,862],{"class":60},[42,41397,2517],{"class":64},[42,41399,868],{"class":60},[42,41401,871],{"class":87},[14,41403,41404],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[28,41406,41408],{"id":41407},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1073,41410,41412,41413,41415],{"id":41411},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[17,41414,3289],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,41417,2303,41418,41422,41423,122],{},[693,41419,41420,2631],{"href":8569},[17,41421,3289],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[17,41424,3215],{},[33,41426,41428],{"className":35,"code":41427,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[17,41429,41430,41449,41463,41467],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41431,41432,41434,41436,41438,41440,41442,41445,41447],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41433,8587],{"class":114},[42,41435,88],{"class":87},[42,41437,8592],{"class":52},[42,41439,57],{"class":56},[42,41441,61],{"class":60},[42,41443,41444],{"class":64},"Enter a price: ",[42,41446,61],{"class":60},[42,41448,143],{"class":56},[42,41450,41451,41453,41455,41457,41459,41461],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41452,40750],{"class":114},[42,41454,88],{"class":87},[42,41456,40618],{"class":834},[42,41458,57],{"class":56},[42,41460,8616],{"class":125},[42,41462,143],{"class":56},[42,41464,41465],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,41466,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,41468,41469,41471,41473,41475,41477,41479],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,41470,284],{"class":52},[42,41472,57],{"class":56},[42,41474,40750],{"class":125},[42,41476,40235],{"class":87},[42,41478,3325],{"class":2348},[42,41480,143],{"class":56},[14,41482,41483,41484,41487],{},"If the user enters ",[17,41485,41486],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[33,41489,41491],{"className":35,"code":41490,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"9.0\n",[17,41492,41493],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41494,41495],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41496,41490],{"class":2348},[14,41498,41499,41500,122],{},"For more help with this, see ",[693,41501,9331],{"href":9330},[1073,41503,41505],{"id":41504},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[33,41507,41509],{"className":35,"code":41508,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[17,41510,41511,41524,41537,41541,41566],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41512,41513,41515,41517,41519,41522],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41514,2886],{"class":114},[42,41516,88],{"class":87},[42,41518,73],{"class":60},[42,41520,41521],{"class":64},"2.5",[42,41523,3689],{"class":60},[42,41525,41526,41528,41530,41532,41535],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41527,2914],{"class":114},[42,41529,88],{"class":87},[42,41531,73],{"class":60},[42,41533,41534],{"class":64},"1.5",[42,41536,3689],{"class":60},[42,41538,41539],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,41540,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,41542,41543,41546,41548,41550,41552,41554,41556,41558,41560,41562,41564],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,41544,41545],{"class":114},"total ",[42,41547,88],{"class":87},[42,41549,40618],{"class":834},[42,41551,57],{"class":56},[42,41553,693],{"class":125},[42,41555,98],{"class":56},[42,41557,2784],{"class":87},[42,41559,40618],{"class":834},[42,41561,57],{"class":56},[42,41563,5102],{"class":125},[42,41565,143],{"class":56},[42,41567,41568,41570,41572,41575],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,41569,284],{"class":52},[42,41571,57],{"class":56},[42,41573,41574],{"class":125},"total",[42,41576,143],{"class":56},[14,41578,2395],{},[33,41580,41582],{"className":35,"code":41581,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"4.0\n",[17,41583,41584],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41585,41586],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41587,41581],{"class":2348},[1073,41589,41591],{"id":41590},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,41593,41594],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[33,41596,41598],{"className":35,"code":41597,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,41599,41600,41610,41625,41629],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41601,41602,41605,41607],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41603,41604],{"class":114},"count ",[42,41606,88],{"class":87},[42,41608,41609],{"class":2348}," 7\n",[42,41611,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620,41623],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41613,2555],{"class":114},[42,41615,88],{"class":87},[42,41617,40618],{"class":834},[42,41619,57],{"class":56},[42,41621,41622],{"class":125},"count",[42,41624,143],{"class":56},[42,41626,41627],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,41628,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,41630,41631,41633,41635,41637],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,41632,284],{"class":52},[42,41634,57],{"class":56},[42,41636,2592],{"class":125},[42,41638,143],{"class":56},[14,41640,2395],{},[33,41642,41644],{"className":35,"code":41643,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"7.0\n",[17,41645,41646],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41647,41648],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41649,41643],{"class":2348},[1073,41651,41653],{"id":41652},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,41655,41656,41657,41659],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[17,41658,3215],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[33,41661,41663],{"className":35,"code":41662,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[17,41664,41665,41679,41695,41699],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41666,41667,41670,41672,41674,41677],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41668,41669],{"class":114},"temperature_text ",[42,41671,88],{"class":87},[42,41673,73],{"class":60},[42,41675,41676],{"class":64},"21.8",[42,41678,3689],{"class":60},[42,41680,41681,41684,41686,41688,41690,41693],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41682,41683],{"class":114},"temperature ",[42,41685,88],{"class":87},[42,41687,40618],{"class":834},[42,41689,57],{"class":56},[42,41691,41692],{"class":125},"temperature_text",[42,41694,143],{"class":56},[42,41696,41697],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,41698,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,41700,41701,41703,41705,41708],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,41702,284],{"class":52},[42,41704,57],{"class":56},[42,41706,41707],{"class":125},"temperature",[42,41709,143],{"class":56},[28,41711,41713],{"id":41712},"special-values","Special values",[14,41715,41716,41718],{},[17,41717,3215],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1073,41720,41722],{"id":41721},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[33,41724,41726],{"className":35,"code":41725,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[17,41727,41728],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41729,41730,41732,41734,41736,41738,41740,41743,41745],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41731,284],{"class":52},[42,41733,57],{"class":56},[42,41735,2517],{"class":834},[42,41737,57],{"class":56},[42,41739,61],{"class":60},[42,41741,41742],{"class":64},"inf",[42,41744,61],{"class":60},[42,41746,842],{"class":56},[14,41748,2395],{},[33,41750,41752],{"className":35,"code":41751,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"inf\n",[17,41753,41754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41755,41756],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41757,41751],{"class":114},[1073,41759,41761],{"id":41760},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[33,41763,41765],{"className":35,"code":41764,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[17,41766,41767],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41768,41769,41771,41773,41775,41777,41779,41782,41784],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41770,284],{"class":52},[42,41772,57],{"class":56},[42,41774,2517],{"class":834},[42,41776,57],{"class":56},[42,41778,61],{"class":60},[42,41780,41781],{"class":64},"-inf",[42,41783,61],{"class":60},[42,41785,842],{"class":56},[14,41787,2395],{},[33,41789,41791],{"className":35,"code":41790,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"-inf\n",[17,41792,41793],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41794,41795,41797],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41796,2345],{"class":87},[42,41798,41751],{"class":114},[1073,41800,41802],{"id":41801},"not-a-number","Not a number",[33,41804,41806],{"className":35,"code":41805,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[17,41807,41808],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41809,41810,41812,41814,41816,41818,41820,41823,41825],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41811,284],{"class":52},[42,41813,57],{"class":56},[42,41815,2517],{"class":834},[42,41817,57],{"class":56},[42,41819,61],{"class":60},[42,41821,41822],{"class":64},"nan",[42,41824,61],{"class":60},[42,41826,842],{"class":56},[14,41828,2395],{},[33,41830,41832],{"className":35,"code":41831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"nan\n",[17,41833,41834],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41835,41836],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41837,41831],{"class":114},[14,41839,41840],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[167,41842,41843,41848,41853],{},[170,41844,41845,41847],{},[17,41846,41742],{}," means positive infinity",[170,41849,41850,41852],{},[17,41851,41781],{}," means negative infinity",[170,41854,41855,41857],{},[17,41856,41822],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41859,41860,41861,41863],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[17,41862,3215],{}," accepts them.",[28,41865,41867],{"id":41866},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41869,41870,41871,41873],{},"The most common problems with ",[17,41872,3215],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1073,41875,41067],{"id":41876},"valueerror",[14,41878,15546,41879,41881],{},[17,41880,41067],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41883,41884],{},"Common causes:",[167,41886,41887,41893,41896,41899],{},[170,41888,41889,41890],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[17,41891,41892],{},"\"abc\"",[170,41894,41895],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[170,41897,41898],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[170,41900,5045,41901],{},[693,41902,41903,41905],{"href":8569},[17,41904,3289],{}," returns a string",[14,41907,219],{},[33,41909,41911],{"className":35,"code":41910,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[17,41912,41913,41926],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41914,41915,41917,41919,41921,41924],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41916,2776],{"class":114},[42,41918,88],{"class":87},[42,41920,73],{"class":60},[42,41922,41923],{"class":64},"abc",[42,41925,3689],{"class":60},[42,41927,41928,41930,41932,41934,41936,41938],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41929,284],{"class":52},[42,41931,57],{"class":56},[42,41933,2517],{"class":834},[42,41935,57],{"class":56},[42,41937,2803],{"class":125},[42,41939,842],{"class":56},[1073,41941,3338],{"id":41942},"typeerror",[14,41944,15546,41945,41947],{},[17,41946,3338],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41949,41884],{},[167,41951,41952,41955,41958],{},[170,41953,41954],{},"Passing a list",[170,41956,41957],{},"Passing a dictionary",[170,41959,41960],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41962,219],{},[33,41964,41966],{"className":35,"code":41965,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[17,41967,41968,41993],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,41969,41970,41972,41974,41976,41978,41980,41982,41984,41986,41989,41991],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,41971,2776],{"class":114},[42,41973,88],{"class":87},[42,41975,10842],{"class":56},[42,41977,61],{"class":60},[42,41979,25507],{"class":64},[42,41981,61],{"class":60},[42,41983,1935],{"class":56},[42,41985,73],{"class":60},[42,41987,41988],{"class":64},"9.99",[42,41990,61],{"class":60},[42,41992,9659],{"class":56},[42,41994,41995,41997,41999,42001,42003,42005],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,41996,284],{"class":52},[42,41998,57],{"class":56},[42,42000,2517],{"class":834},[42,42002,57],{"class":56},[42,42004,2803],{"class":125},[42,42006,842],{"class":56},[1073,42008,42010],{"id":42009},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,42012,42013,42014,42017],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[17,42015,42016],{},"strip()"," can help:",[33,42019,42021],{"className":35,"code":42020,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[17,42022,42023,42036,42051,42055],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42024,42025,42027,42029,42031,42034],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42026,2776],{"class":114},[42,42028,88],{"class":87},[42,42030,73],{"class":60},[42,42032,42033],{"class":64},"  7.25  ",[42,42035,3689],{"class":60},[42,42037,42038,42041,42043,42045,42047,42049],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,42039,42040],{"class":114},"clean_value ",[42,42042,88],{"class":87},[42,42044,8783],{"class":114},[42,42046,122],{"class":56},[42,42048,1317],{"class":125},[42,42050,129],{"class":56},[42,42052,42053],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,42054,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,42056,42057,42059,42061,42063,42065,42068],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,42058,284],{"class":52},[42,42060,57],{"class":56},[42,42062,2517],{"class":834},[42,42064,57],{"class":56},[42,42066,42067],{"class":125},"clean_value",[42,42069,842],{"class":56},[14,42071,2395],{},[33,42073,42075],{"className":35,"code":42074,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"7.25\n",[17,42076,42077],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42078,42079],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42080,42074],{"class":2348},[1073,42082,42084],{"id":42083},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,42086,42087],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[33,42089,42091],{"className":35,"code":42090,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[17,42092,42093,42106,42110,42120,42134,42149,42153,42167],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42094,42095,42097,42099,42101,42104],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42096,2776],{"class":114},[42,42098,88],{"class":87},[42,42100,73],{"class":60},[42,42102,42103],{"class":64}," 3.5 ",[42,42105,3689],{"class":60},[42,42107,42108],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,42109,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,42111,42112,42114,42116,42118],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,42113,284],{"class":52},[42,42115,57],{"class":56},[42,42117,2803],{"class":125},[42,42119,143],{"class":56},[42,42121,42122,42124,42126,42128,42130,42132],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,42123,284],{"class":52},[42,42125,57],{"class":56},[42,42127,835],{"class":834},[42,42129,57],{"class":56},[42,42131,2803],{"class":125},[42,42133,842],{"class":56},[42,42135,42136,42138,42140,42143,42145,42147],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,42137,284],{"class":52},[42,42139,57],{"class":56},[42,42141,42142],{"class":52},"repr",[42,42144,57],{"class":56},[42,42146,2803],{"class":125},[42,42148,842],{"class":56},[42,42150,42151],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,42152,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,42154,42155,42157,42159,42161,42163,42165],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,42156,42040],{"class":114},[42,42158,88],{"class":87},[42,42160,8783],{"class":114},[42,42162,122],{"class":56},[42,42164,1317],{"class":125},[42,42166,129],{"class":56},[42,42168,42169,42171,42173,42175,42177,42179],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,42170,284],{"class":52},[42,42172,57],{"class":56},[42,42174,2517],{"class":834},[42,42176,57],{"class":56},[42,42178,42067],{"class":125},[42,42180,842],{"class":56},[14,42182,42183],{},"Why this helps:",[167,42185,42186,42192,42197,42203],{},[170,42187,42188,42191],{},[17,42189,42190],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[170,42193,42194,21725],{},[17,42195,42196],{},"print(type(value))",[170,42198,42199,42202],{},[17,42200,42201],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[170,42204,42205,42207],{},[17,42206,42016],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1073,42209,42211],{"id":42210},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,42213,42214],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[33,42216,42218],{"className":35,"code":42217,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[17,42219,42220,42239,42243,42249,42264,42283,42292],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42221,42222,42224,42226,42228,42230,42232,42235,42237],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42223,2776],{"class":114},[42,42225,88],{"class":87},[42,42227,8592],{"class":52},[42,42229,57],{"class":56},[42,42231,61],{"class":60},[42,42233,42234],{"class":64},"Enter a number: ",[42,42236,61],{"class":60},[42,42238,143],{"class":56},[42,42240,42241],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,42242,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,42244,42245,42247],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,42246,30163],{"class":48},[42,42248,108],{"class":56},[42,42250,42251,42254,42256,42258,42260,42262],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,42252,42253],{"class":114},"    number ",[42,42255,88],{"class":87},[42,42257,40618],{"class":834},[42,42259,57],{"class":56},[42,42261,2803],{"class":125},[42,42263,143],{"class":56},[42,42265,42266,42268,42270,42272,42275,42277,42279,42281],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,42267,135],{"class":52},[42,42269,57],{"class":56},[42,42271,61],{"class":60},[42,42273,42274],{"class":64},"Converted:",[42,42276,61],{"class":60},[42,42278,70],{"class":56},[42,42280,2522],{"class":125},[42,42282,143],{"class":56},[42,42284,42285,42287,42290],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,42286,30194],{"class":48},[42,42288,42289],{"class":834}," ValueError",[42,42291,108],{"class":56},[42,42293,42294,42296,42298,42300,42303,42305],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,42295,135],{"class":52},[42,42297,57],{"class":56},[42,42299,61],{"class":60},[42,42301,42302],{"class":64},"That is not a valid number.",[42,42304,61],{"class":60},[42,42306,143],{"class":56},[14,42308,42309,42310,122],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[693,42311,41259],{"href":41258},[28,42313,42315],{"id":42314},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,42317,10942,42318,1753,42320,42322],{},[17,42319,3215],{},[17,42321,3209],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,42324,42325,42327],{},[17,42326,3215],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[33,42329,42331],{"className":35,"code":42330,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[17,42332,42333],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42334,42335,42337,42339,42341,42343,42345,42348,42350],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42336,284],{"class":52},[42,42338,57],{"class":56},[42,42340,2517],{"class":834},[42,42342,57],{"class":56},[42,42344,61],{"class":60},[42,42346,42347],{"class":64},"3.9",[42,42349,61],{"class":60},[42,42351,842],{"class":56},[14,42353,2395],{},[33,42355,42357],{"className":35,"code":42356,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3.9\n",[17,42358,42359],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42360,42361],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42362,42356],{"class":2348},[14,42364,42365,42367],{},[17,42366,3209],{}," creates whole numbers:",[33,42369,42371],{"className":35,"code":42370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[17,42372,42373],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42374,42375,42377,42379,42381,42383,42385,42387,42389],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42376,284],{"class":52},[42,42378,57],{"class":56},[42,42380,2513],{"class":834},[42,42382,57],{"class":56},[42,42384,61],{"class":60},[42,42386,2659],{"class":64},[42,42388,61],{"class":60},[42,42390,842],{"class":56},[14,42392,2395],{},[33,42394,42395],{"className":35,"code":2705,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,42396,42397],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42398,42399],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42400,2705],{"class":2348},[14,42402,42403,42404,42407],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[17,42405,42406],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[33,42409,42411],{"className":35,"code":42410,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[17,42412,42413],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42414,42415,42417,42419,42421,42423,42425,42427,42429],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42416,284],{"class":52},[42,42418,57],{"class":56},[42,42420,2513],{"class":834},[42,42422,57],{"class":56},[42,42424,61],{"class":60},[42,42426,42347],{"class":64},[42,42428,61],{"class":60},[42,42430,842],{"class":56},[14,42432,3335,42433,8952,42435,42438],{},[17,42434,41067],{},[17,42436,42437],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,42440,11065],{},[167,42442,42443,42449],{},[170,42444,42445,42448],{},[17,42446,42447],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[170,42450,42451,42453],{},[17,42452,42406],{}," fails",[14,42455,42456,42457,42460,42461,42463],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[693,42458,42459],{"href":3206},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[693,42462,2749],{"href":2748}," helpful.",[28,42465,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,42467,42469],{"id":42468},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,42471,42472,42473,1327,42475,122],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[17,42474,2822],{},[17,42476,40506],{},[1073,42478,42480],{"id":42479},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,42482,42483,42484,1327,42487,122],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[17,42485,42486],{},"\"2.5\"",[17,42488,42489],{},"\"10\"",[1073,42491,42493],{"id":42492},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,42495,29420,42496,42498,42499,122],{},[17,42497,41892],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[17,42500,41067],{},[1073,42502,42504],{"id":42503},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,42506,5491,42507,122],{},[17,42508,4105],{},[1073,42510,42512],{"id":42511},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,42514,42515,42516,42518,42519,1753,42522,42518,42524,122],{},"Yes. ",[17,42517,3937],{}," becomes ",[17,42520,42521],{},"1.0",[17,42523,4009],{},[17,42525,4105],{},[28,42527,2205],{"id":2204},[167,42529,42530,42534,42540,42545,42549,42553],{},[170,42531,42532],{},[693,42533,42459],{"href":3206},[170,42535,42536],{},[693,42537,42539],{"href":42538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[170,42541,42542],{},[693,42543,42544],{"href":41254},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[170,42546,42547],{},[693,42548,9408],{"href":9330},[170,42550,42551],{},[693,42552,41259],{"href":41258},[170,42554,42555],{},[693,42556,42557],{"href":8569},"Python input() Function Explained",[2245,42559,42560],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":42562},[42563,42564,42565,42566,42573,42578,42579,42586,42591,42598,42599,42606],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":40553,"depth":111,"text":40554},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":40778,"depth":111,"text":40779,"children":42567},[42568,42569,42570,42571,42572],{"id":40787,"depth":132,"text":40788},{"id":40851,"depth":132,"text":40852},{"id":40915,"depth":132,"text":40916},{"id":40957,"depth":132,"text":40958},{"id":41012,"depth":132,"text":41013},{"id":41051,"depth":111,"text":41052,"children":42574},[42575,42576,42577],{"id":41060,"depth":132,"text":41061},{"id":41146,"depth":132,"text":41147},{"id":41216,"depth":132,"text":41217},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":41407,"depth":111,"text":41408,"children":42580},[42581,42583,42584,42585],{"id":41411,"depth":132,"text":42582},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41504,"depth":132,"text":41505},{"id":41590,"depth":132,"text":41591},{"id":41652,"depth":132,"text":41653},{"id":41712,"depth":111,"text":41713,"children":42587},[42588,42589,42590],{"id":41721,"depth":132,"text":41722},{"id":41760,"depth":132,"text":41761},{"id":41801,"depth":132,"text":41802},{"id":41866,"depth":111,"text":41867,"children":42592},[42593,42594,42595,42596,42597],{"id":41876,"depth":132,"text":41067},{"id":41942,"depth":132,"text":3338},{"id":42009,"depth":132,"text":42010},{"id":42083,"depth":132,"text":42084},{"id":42210,"depth":132,"text":42211},{"id":42314,"depth":111,"text":42315},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":42600},[42601,42602,42603,42604,42605],{"id":42468,"depth":132,"text":42469},{"id":42479,"depth":132,"text":42480},{"id":42492,"depth":132,"text":42493},{"id":42503,"depth":132,"text":42504},{"id":42511,"depth":132,"text":42512},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40454,"description":42607},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42614,"title":42615,"body":42616,"description":43835,"extension":2285,"meta":43836,"navigation":2287,"path":35383,"seo":43837,"stem":43838,"__hash__":43839},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42617,"toc":43801},[42618,42621,42626,42629,42631,42670,42684,42688,42693,42696,42713,42716,42726,42741,42744,42746,42749,42765,42768,42771,42790,42794,42805,42808,42812,42816,42830,42865,42869,42880,42915,42918,42920,42928,42961,42977,42979,42988,43009,43020,43022,43027,43030,43044,43046,43065,43068,43081,43084,43088,43092,43106,43109,43127,43130,43145,43149,43154,43168,43174,43176,43233,43235,43268,43271,43287,43291,43298,43302,43307,43310,43321,43325,43330,43345,43354,43359,43378,43381,43393,43395,43400,43410,43413,43442,43447,43456,43460,43465,43468,43472,43477,43479,43509,43512,43519,43524,43529,43533,43536,43544,43547,43625,43628,43650,43652,43656,43659,43663,43669,43732,43736,43744,43748,43751,43753,43778,43798],[10,42619,42615],{"id":42620},"python-help-function-explained",[14,42622,3915,42623,42625],{},[17,42624,35386],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,42627,42628],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[28,42630,31],{"id":30},[33,42632,42634],{"className":35,"code":42633,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[17,42635,42636,42646,42656],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42639,32512],{"class":52},[42,42641,57],{"class":56},[42,42643,11515],{"class":52},[42,42645,143],{"class":56},[42,42647,42648,42650,42652,42654],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,42649,32512],{"class":52},[42,42651,57],{"class":56},[42,42653,3775],{"class":834},[42,42655,143],{"class":56},[42,42657,42658,42660,42662,42664,42666,42668],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,42659,32512],{"class":52},[42,42661,57],{"class":56},[42,42663,868],{"class":60},[42,42665,35019],{"class":64},[42,42667,868],{"class":60},[42,42669,143],{"class":56},[14,42671,146,42672,42674,42675,1327,42677,42679,42680,42683],{},[17,42673,35386],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[17,42676,11515],{},[17,42678,3775],{},", or use a string such as ",[17,42681,42682],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[28,42685,42687],{"id":42686},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,42689,42690,42692],{},[17,42691,35386],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,42694,42695],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[167,42697,42698,42701,42704,42707,42710],{},[170,42699,42700],{},"Functions",[170,42702,42703],{},"Classes",[170,42705,42706],{},"Methods",[170,42708,42709],{},"Modules",[170,42711,42712],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,42714,42715],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,42717,42718,42719,42725],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[693,42720,42722],{"href":42721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[17,42723,42724],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[33,42727,42729],{"className":35,"code":42728,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(len)\n",[17,42730,42731],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42732,42733,42735,42737,42739],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42734,32512],{"class":52},[42,42736,57],{"class":56},[42,42738,11515],{"class":52},[42,42740,143],{"class":56},[14,42742,42743],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[28,42745,312],{"id":311},[14,42747,42748],{},"The main form is:",[33,42750,42752],{"className":35,"code":42751,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(object)\n",[17,42753,42754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42755,42756,42758,42760,42763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42757,32512],{"class":52},[42,42759,57],{"class":56},[42,42761,42762],{"class":834},"object",[42,42764,143],{"class":56},[14,42766,42767],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42769,42770],{},"Common examples include:",[167,42772,42773,42777,42782,42786],{},[170,42774,42775],{},[17,42776,11515],{},[170,42778,42779],{},[17,42780,42781],{},"list.append",[170,42783,42784],{},[17,42785,3775],{},[170,42787,42788],{},[17,42789,325],{},[14,42791,7523,42792,7526],{},[17,42793,35386],{},[33,42795,42797],{"className":35,"code":42796,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help()\n",[17,42798,42799],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42800,42801,42803],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42802,32512],{"class":52},[42,42804,129],{"class":56},[14,42806,42807],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[28,42809,42811],{"id":42810},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1073,42813,42815],{"id":42814},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42817,42818,42819,2514,42821,2514,42823,17431,42826,122],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[17,42820,11515],{},[17,42822,284],{},[17,42824,42825],{},"input",[693,42827,42828],{"href":2627},[17,42829,2630],{},[33,42831,42833],{"className":35,"code":42832,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[17,42834,42835,42845,42855],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42836,42837,42839,42841,42843],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42838,32512],{"class":52},[42,42840,57],{"class":56},[42,42842,284],{"class":52},[42,42844,143],{"class":56},[42,42846,42847,42849,42851,42853],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,42848,32512],{"class":52},[42,42850,57],{"class":56},[42,42852,42825],{"class":52},[42,42854,143],{"class":56},[42,42856,42857,42859,42861,42863],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,42858,32512],{"class":52},[42,42860,57],{"class":56},[42,42862,835],{"class":834},[42,42864,143],{"class":56},[1073,42866,42868],{"id":42867},"data-types","Data types",[14,42870,42871,42872,2514,42874,2514,42876,17431,42878,122],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[17,42873,3775],{},[17,42875,8443],{},[17,42877,9171],{},[17,42879,6633],{},[33,42881,42883],{"className":35,"code":42882,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[17,42884,42885,42895,42905],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42886,42887,42889,42891,42893],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42888,32512],{"class":52},[42,42890,57],{"class":56},[42,42892,3775],{"class":834},[42,42894,143],{"class":56},[42,42896,42897,42899,42901,42903],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,42898,32512],{"class":52},[42,42900,57],{"class":56},[42,42902,8443],{"class":834},[42,42904,143],{"class":56},[42,42906,42907,42909,42911,42913],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,42908,32512],{"class":52},[42,42910,57],{"class":56},[42,42912,9171],{"class":834},[42,42914,143],{"class":56},[14,42916,42917],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1073,42919,42706],{"id":34866},[14,42921,42922,42923,1753,42926,122],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[17,42924,42925],{},"str.split",[17,42927,42781],{},[33,42929,42931],{"className":35,"code":42930,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[17,42932,42933,42947],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42934,42935,42937,42939,42941,42943,42945],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42936,32512],{"class":52},[42,42938,57],{"class":56},[42,42940,3775],{"class":834},[42,42942,122],{"class":56},[42,42944,34829],{"class":2022},[42,42946,143],{"class":56},[42,42948,42949,42951,42953,42955,42957,42959],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,42950,32512],{"class":52},[42,42952,57],{"class":56},[42,42954,8443],{"class":834},[42,42956,122],{"class":56},[42,42958,13910],{"class":2022},[42,42960,143],{"class":56},[14,42962,42963,42964,9054,42966,28672,42971,42973,42974,42976],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[17,42965,35386],{},[693,42967,42969],{"href":42968},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[17,42970,34672],{},[17,42972,34672],{}," shows available names, while ",[17,42975,35386],{}," explains one of them.",[1073,42978,42709],{"id":35019},[14,42980,42981,42982,2514,42984,17431,42986,122],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[17,42983,18775],{},[17,42985,35548],{},[17,42987,1988],{},[33,42989,42991],{"className":35,"code":42990,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[17,42992,42993,42999],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,42994,42995,42997],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,42996,1976],{"class":48},[42,42998,35452],{"class":114},[42,43000,43001,43003,43005,43007],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,43002,32512],{"class":52},[42,43004,57],{"class":56},[42,43006,18775],{"class":125},[42,43008,143],{"class":56},[14,43010,43011,43012,43016,43017,122],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[693,43013,43015],{"href":43014},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[693,43018,35515],{"href":43019},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[28,43021,35277],{"id":35276},[14,43023,43024,43026],{},[17,43025,35386],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,43028,43029],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[167,43031,43032,43035,43038,43041],{},[170,43033,43034],{},"The function signature",[170,43036,43037],{},"The short description",[170,43039,43040],{},"Parameter names",[170,43042,43043],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,43045,5816],{},[33,43047,43049],{"className":35,"code":43048,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(str.split)\n",[17,43050,43051],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43052,43053,43055,43057,43059,43061,43063],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43054,32512],{"class":52},[42,43056,57],{"class":56},[42,43058,3775],{"class":834},[42,43060,122],{"class":56},[42,43062,34829],{"class":2022},[42,43064,143],{"class":56},[14,43066,43067],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[167,43069,43070,43073,43076,43078],{},[170,43071,43072],{},"What object this is",[170,43074,43075],{},"What arguments it accepts",[170,43077,22328],{},[170,43079,43080],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,43082,43083],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[28,43085,43087],{"id":43086},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,43089,43090,30233],{},[17,43091,35386],{},[167,43093,43094,43097,43100,43103],{},[170,43095,43096],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[170,43098,43099],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[170,43101,43102],{},"You are exploring a new module",[170,43104,43105],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,43107,43108],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[33,43110,43111],{"className":35,"code":43048,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,43112,43113],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43114,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123,43125],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43116,32512],{"class":52},[42,43118,57],{"class":56},[42,43120,3775],{"class":834},[42,43122,122],{"class":56},[42,43124,34829],{"class":2022},[42,43126,143],{"class":56},[14,43128,43129],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[33,43131,43133],{"className":35,"code":43132,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(open)\n",[17,43134,43135],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43136,43137,43139,43141,43143],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43138,32512],{"class":52},[42,43140,57],{"class":56},[42,43142,325],{"class":52},[42,43144,143],{"class":56},[28,43146,43148],{"id":43147},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,43150,43151,43153],{},[17,43152,35386],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[167,43155,43156,43159,43162,43165],{},[170,43157,43158],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[170,43160,43161],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[170,43163,43164],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[170,43166,43167],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,43169,43170,43171,43173],{},"So, ",[17,43172,35386],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,43175,5816],{},[33,43177,43179],{"className":35,"code":43178,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,43180,43181,43194,43218,43222],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43182,43183,43185,43187,43189,43192],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43184,35048],{"class":114},[42,43186,88],{"class":87},[42,43188,73],{"class":60},[42,43190,43191],{"class":64},"a,b,c",[42,43193,3689],{"class":60},[42,43195,43196,43199,43201,43204,43206,43208,43210,43212,43214,43216],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,43197,43198],{"class":114},"parts ",[42,43200,88],{"class":87},[42,43202,43203],{"class":114}," text",[42,43205,122],{"class":56},[42,43207,34829],{"class":125},[42,43209,57],{"class":56},[42,43211,61],{"class":60},[42,43213,70],{"class":64},[42,43215,61],{"class":60},[42,43217,143],{"class":56},[42,43219,43220],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,43221,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,43223,43224,43226,43228,43231],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,43225,284],{"class":52},[42,43227,57],{"class":56},[42,43229,43230],{"class":125},"parts",[42,43232,143],{"class":56},[14,43234,5904],{},[33,43236,43238],{"className":35,"code":43237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,43239,43240],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43241,43242,43244,43246,43248,43250,43252,43254,43256,43258,43260,43262,43264,43266],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43243,4238],{"class":56},[42,43245,868],{"class":60},[42,43247,693],{"class":64},[42,43249,868],{"class":60},[42,43251,70],{"class":56},[42,43253,862],{"class":60},[42,43255,5102],{"class":64},[42,43257,868],{"class":60},[42,43259,70],{"class":56},[42,43261,862],{"class":60},[42,43263,10090],{"class":64},[42,43265,868],{"class":60},[42,43267,3970],{"class":56},[14,43269,43270],{},"A good workflow is:",[29072,43272,43273,43278,43281,43284],{},[170,43274,146,43275,43277],{},[17,43276,35386],{}," to inspect something",[170,43279,43280],{},"Write a tiny example",[170,43282,43283],{},"Check the result",[170,43285,43286],{},"Repeat",[28,43288,43290],{"id":43289},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,43292,43293,1753,43295,43297],{},[17,43294,35386],{},[17,43296,34672],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1073,43299,43300],{"id":32512},[17,43301,35386],{},[14,43303,146,43304,43306],{},[17,43305,35386],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,43308,43309],{},"It tells you:",[167,43311,43312,43315,43318],{},[170,43313,43314],{},"What something is",[170,43316,43317],{},"How to use it",[170,43319,43320],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1073,43322,43323],{"id":34733},[17,43324,34672],{},[14,43326,146,43327,43329],{},[17,43328,34672],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[33,43331,43333],{"className":35,"code":43332,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dir(str)\n",[17,43334,43335],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43336,43337,43339,43341,43343],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43338,34733],{"class":52},[42,43340,57],{"class":56},[42,43342,3775],{"class":834},[42,43344,143],{"class":56},[14,43346,43347,43348,2514,43350,17431,43352,122],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[17,43349,34829],{},[17,43351,1317],{},[17,43353,8990],{},[14,43355,43356,43357,1935],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[17,43358,35386],{},[33,43360,43362],{"className":35,"code":43361,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(str.lower)\n",[17,43363,43364],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43365,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374,43376],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43367,32512],{"class":52},[42,43369,57],{"class":56},[42,43371,3775],{"class":834},[42,43373,122],{"class":56},[42,43375,8990],{"class":2022},[42,43377,143],{"class":56},[14,43379,43380],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[167,43382,43383,43388],{},[170,43384,146,43385,43387],{},[17,43386,34672],{}," to discover options",[170,43389,146,43390,43392],{},[17,43391,35386],{}," to understand one option",[28,43394,1929],{"id":1928},[14,43396,43397,43398,122],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[17,43399,35386],{},[1073,43401,1940,43403,43406,43407],{"id":43402},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[17,43404,43405],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[17,43408,43409],{},"help(len)",[14,43411,43412],{},"These are not always the same.",[33,43414,43416],{"className":35,"code":43415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[17,43417,43418,43428],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43419,43420,43422,43424,43426],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43421,32512],{"class":52},[42,43423,57],{"class":56},[42,43425,11515],{"class":52},[42,43427,143],{"class":56},[42,43429,43430,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,43431,32512],{"class":52},[42,43433,57],{"class":56},[42,43435,868],{"class":60},[42,43437,11515],{"class":64},[42,43439,868],{"class":60},[42,43441,143],{"class":56},[14,43443,43444,43446],{},[17,43445,43409],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,43448,43449,43451,43452,43455],{},[17,43450,43405],{}," treats ",[17,43453,43454],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1073,43457,43459],{"id":43458},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,43461,43462,43464],{},[17,43463,35386],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,43466,43467],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1073,43469,43471],{"id":43470},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,43473,40706,43474,43476],{},[17,43475,35386],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,43478,219],{},[33,43480,43482],{"className":35,"code":43481,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[17,43483,43484,43494],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43485,43486,43488,43490,43492],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43487,32512],{"class":52},[42,43489,57],{"class":56},[42,43491,11515],{"class":52},[42,43493,143],{"class":56},[42,43495,43496,43498,43500,43502,43505,43507],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,43497,284],{"class":52},[42,43499,57],{"class":56},[42,43501,61],{"class":60},[42,43503,43504],{"class":64},"Done",[42,43506,61],{"class":60},[42,43508,143],{"class":56},[14,43510,43511],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1073,43513,37565,43515,9054,43517],{"id":43514},"confusing-help-with-dir",[17,43516,35386],{},[17,43518,34672],{},[14,43520,43521,43522,122],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[17,43523,34672],{},[14,43525,43526,43527,122],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[17,43528,35386],{},[28,43530,43532],{"id":43531},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,43534,43535],{},"Open Python:",[33,43537,43538],{"className":35,"code":35901,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,43539,43540],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43541,43542],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43543,35901],{"class":114},[14,43545,43546],{},"Then test these commands:",[33,43548,43550],{"className":35,"code":43549,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[17,43551,43552,43562,43576,43590,43600,43615],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43553,43554,43556,43558,43560],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43555,32512],{"class":52},[42,43557,57],{"class":56},[42,43559,11515],{"class":52},[42,43561,143],{"class":56},[42,43563,43564,43566,43568,43570,43572,43574],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,43565,32512],{"class":52},[42,43567,57],{"class":56},[42,43569,3775],{"class":834},[42,43571,122],{"class":56},[42,43573,34829],{"class":2022},[42,43575,143],{"class":56},[42,43577,43578,43580,43582,43584,43586,43588],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,43579,32512],{"class":52},[42,43581,57],{"class":56},[42,43583,8443],{"class":834},[42,43585,122],{"class":56},[42,43587,13910],{"class":2022},[42,43589,143],{"class":56},[42,43591,43592,43594,43596,43598],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,43593,32512],{"class":52},[42,43595,57],{"class":56},[42,43597,325],{"class":52},[42,43599,143],{"class":56},[42,43601,43602,43604,43606,43608,43611,43613],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,43603,32512],{"class":52},[42,43605,57],{"class":56},[42,43607,868],{"class":60},[42,43609,43610],{"class":64},"keywords",[42,43612,868],{"class":60},[42,43614,143],{"class":56},[42,43616,43617,43619,43621,43623],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,43618,34733],{"class":52},[42,43620,57],{"class":56},[42,43622,3775],{"class":834},[42,43624,143],{"class":56},[14,43626,43627],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[167,43629,43630,43633,43636,43639,43642,43645],{},[170,43631,43632],{},"A built-in function",[170,43634,43635],{},"A string method",[170,43637,43638],{},"A list method",[170,43640,43641],{},"A built-in file function",[170,43643,43644],{},"A special help topic",[170,43646,15546,43647,43649],{},[17,43648,34672],{}," example for comparison",[28,43651,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,43653,43655],{"id":43654},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,43657,43658],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1073,43660,43662],{"id":43661},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,43664,43665,43666,43668],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[17,43667,35386],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[33,43670,43672],{"className":35,"code":43671,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[17,43673,43674,43686,43699,43718,43722],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43675,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43677,35211],{"class":858},[42,43679,35215],{"class":35214},[42,43681,57],{"class":56},[42,43683,8016],{"class":38024},[42,43685,8692],{"class":56},[42,43687,43688,43692,43696],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,43689,43691],{"class":43690},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[42,43693,43695],{"class":43694},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[42,43697,43698],{"class":43690},"\"\"\"\n",[42,43700,43701,43703,43706,43709,43711,43713,43715],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,43702,35222],{"class":48},[42,43704,43705],{"class":858}," f",[42,43707,43708],{"class":64},"\"Hello, ",[42,43710,9628],{"class":2348},[42,43712,8016],{"class":114},[42,43714,22660],{"class":2348},[42,43716,43717],{"class":64},"!\"\n",[42,43719,43720],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,43721,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,43723,43724,43726,43728,43730],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,43725,32512],{"class":52},[42,43727,57],{"class":56},[42,43729,35256],{"class":125},[42,43731,143],{"class":56},[1073,43733,43735],{"id":43734},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,43737,43738,43740,43741,43743],{},[17,43739,43409],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[17,43742,43405],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1073,43745,43747],{"id":43746},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,43749,43750],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[28,43752,2205],{"id":2204},[167,43754,43755,43760,43764,43769,43774],{},[170,43756,43757],{},[693,43758,43759],{"href":42968},"Python dir() function explained",[170,43761,43762],{},[693,43763,8792],{"href":2627},[170,43765,43766],{},[693,43767,43768],{"href":42721},"Python len() function explained",[170,43770,43771],{},[693,43772,43773],{"href":43014},"How import works in Python",[170,43775,43776],{},[693,43777,35515],{"href":43019},[14,43779,43780,43781,43783,43784,2514,43786,17431,43788,43790,43791,1327,43794,43797],{},"Try ",[17,43782,35386],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[17,43785,11515],{},[17,43787,284],{},[17,43789,42825],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[17,43792,43793],{},"dir(str)",[17,43795,43796],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2245,43799,43800],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":43802},[43803,43804,43805,43806,43812,43813,43814,43815,43819,43827,43828,43834],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":42686,"depth":111,"text":42687},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":42810,"depth":111,"text":42811,"children":43807},[43808,43809,43810,43811],{"id":42814,"depth":132,"text":42815},{"id":42867,"depth":132,"text":42868},{"id":34866,"depth":132,"text":42706},{"id":35019,"depth":132,"text":42709},{"id":35276,"depth":111,"text":35277},{"id":43086,"depth":111,"text":43087},{"id":43147,"depth":111,"text":43148},{"id":43289,"depth":111,"text":43290,"children":43816},[43817,43818],{"id":32512,"depth":132,"text":35386},{"id":34733,"depth":132,"text":34672},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":43820},[43821,43823,43824,43825],{"id":43402,"depth":132,"text":43822},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43458,"depth":132,"text":43459},{"id":43470,"depth":132,"text":43471},{"id":43514,"depth":132,"text":43826},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43531,"depth":111,"text":43532},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":43829},[43830,43831,43832,43833],{"id":43654,"depth":132,"text":43655},{"id":43661,"depth":132,"text":43662},{"id":43734,"depth":132,"text":43735},{"id":43746,"depth":132,"text":43747},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42615,"description":43835},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43841,"title":43842,"body":43843,"description":45205,"extension":2285,"meta":45206,"navigation":2287,"path":45207,"seo":45208,"stem":45209,"__hash__":45210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43844,"toc":45178},[43845,43851,43856,43862,43872,43931,43941,43952,43957,43963,43965,43983,43991,43993,43995,44010,44013,44024,44026,44117,44120,44124,44129,44150,44152,44263,44265,44292,44303,44307,44310,44393,44395,44403,44409,44415,44419,44422,44532,44534,44547,44550,44564,44572,44579,44584,44598,44604,44717,44719,44780,44783,44789,44795,44798,44820,44823,44893,44896,44928,44935,44937,44940,44958,44961,44973,44979,44981,44986,45012,45015,45087,45089,45095,45098,45104,45107,45113,45123,45129,45132,45139,45142,45144,45175],[10,43846,3908,43848,3912],{"id":43847},"python-id-function-explained",[17,43849,43850],{},"id()",[14,43852,32677,43853,43855],{},[17,43854,43850],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43857,43858,43859,43861],{},"Beginners usually see ",[17,43860,43850],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43863,146,43864,43866,43867,43869,43870,122],{},[17,43865,43850],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[177,43868,179],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[17,43871,5029],{},[33,43873,43875],{"className":35,"code":43874,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[17,43876,43877,43889,43903,43907,43917],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,43878,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,43880,8226],{"class":114},[42,43882,88],{"class":87},[42,43884,73],{"class":60},[42,43886,7644],{"class":64},[42,43888,3689],{"class":60},[42,43890,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899,43901],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,43892,284],{"class":52},[42,43894,57],{"class":56},[42,43896,13005],{"class":52},[42,43898,57],{"class":56},[42,43900,8016],{"class":125},[42,43902,842],{"class":56},[42,43904,43905],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,43906,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,43908,43909,43912,43914],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,43910,43911],{"class":114},"other ",[42,43913,88],{"class":87},[42,43915,43916],{"class":114}," name\n",[42,43918,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,43920,284],{"class":52},[42,43922,57],{"class":56},[42,43924,13005],{"class":52},[42,43926,57],{"class":56},[42,43928,31102],{"class":125},[42,43930,842],{"class":56},[14,43932,43933,43934,43937,43938,43940],{},"In this example, ",[17,43935,43936],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[17,43939,43850],{}," values match.",[43942,43943,43944],"blockquote",{},[14,43945,146,43946,43948,43949,43951],{},[17,43947,43850],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[17,43950,5029],{}," for value comparison.",[28,43953,4013,43955,4016],{"id":43954},"what-id-does",[17,43956,43850],{},[14,43958,43959,43962],{},[17,43960,43961],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43964,13409],{},[167,43966,43967,43970,43977,43980],{},[170,43968,43969],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[170,43971,43972,43973,43976],{},"It shows ",[177,43974,43975],{},"object identity",", not object value",[170,43978,43979],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[170,43981,43982],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43984,43985,43986,43990],{},"This is closely related to how ",[693,43987,43989],{"href":43988},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[28,43992,312],{"id":311},[14,43994,5778],{},[33,43996,43998],{"className":35,"code":43997,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"id(object)\n",[17,43999,44000],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44001,44002,44004,44006,44008],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44003,13005],{"class":52},[42,44005,57],{"class":56},[42,44007,42762],{"class":834},[42,44009,143],{"class":56},[14,44011,44012],{},"Important details:",[167,44014,44015,44018,44021],{},[170,44016,44017],{},"It takes one argument",[170,44019,44020],{},"It returns an integer",[170,44022,44023],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,44025,219],{},[33,44027,44029],{"className":35,"code":44028,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[17,44030,44031,44043,44051,44071,44075,44089,44103],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44032,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44034,35048],{"class":114},[42,44036,88],{"class":87},[42,44038,73],{"class":60},[42,44040,4183],{"class":64},[42,44042,3689],{"class":60},[42,44044,44045,44047,44049],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44046,2542],{"class":114},[42,44048,88],{"class":87},[42,44050,3101],{"class":2348},[42,44052,44053,44055,44057,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,44054,8128],{"class":114},[42,44056,88],{"class":87},[42,44058,3957],{"class":56},[42,44060,3320],{"class":2348},[42,44062,70],{"class":56},[42,44064,3325],{"class":2348},[42,44066,70],{"class":56},[42,44068,2781],{"class":2348},[42,44070,3970],{"class":56},[42,44072,44073],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,44074,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,44076,44077,44079,44081,44083,44085,44087],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,44078,284],{"class":52},[42,44080,57],{"class":56},[42,44082,13005],{"class":52},[42,44084,57],{"class":56},[42,44086,444],{"class":125},[42,44088,842],{"class":56},[42,44090,44091,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,44092,284],{"class":52},[42,44094,57],{"class":56},[42,44096,13005],{"class":52},[42,44098,57],{"class":56},[42,44100,2565],{"class":125},[42,44102,842],{"class":56},[42,44104,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113,44115],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,44106,284],{"class":52},[42,44108,57],{"class":56},[42,44110,13005],{"class":52},[42,44112,57],{"class":56},[42,44114,8159],{"class":125},[42,44116,842],{"class":56},[14,44118,44119],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[28,44121,44123],{"id":44122},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,44125,44126,44127,122],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[17,44128,43850],{},[167,44130,44131,44138,44145],{},[170,44132,44133,44135,44136],{},[17,44134,5029],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[177,44137,2803],{},[170,44139,44140,44142,44143],{},[17,44141,12549],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[177,44144,42762],{},[170,44146,44147,44149],{},[17,44148,43850],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,44151,219],{},[33,44153,44155],{"className":35,"code":44154,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[17,44156,44157,44177,44197,44201,44218,44235,44249],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44158,44159,44161,44163,44165,44167,44169,44171,44173,44175],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44160,2886],{"class":114},[42,44162,88],{"class":87},[42,44164,3957],{"class":56},[42,44166,3320],{"class":2348},[42,44168,70],{"class":56},[42,44170,3325],{"class":2348},[42,44172,70],{"class":56},[42,44174,2781],{"class":2348},[42,44176,3970],{"class":56},[42,44178,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191,44193,44195],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44180,2914],{"class":114},[42,44182,88],{"class":87},[42,44184,3957],{"class":56},[42,44186,3320],{"class":2348},[42,44188,70],{"class":56},[42,44190,3325],{"class":2348},[42,44192,70],{"class":56},[42,44194,2781],{"class":2348},[42,44196,3970],{"class":56},[42,44198,44199],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,44200,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,44202,44203,44205,44207,44209,44211,44213,44215],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,44204,284],{"class":52},[42,44206,57],{"class":56},[42,44208,2886],{"class":125},[42,44210,5029],{"class":87},[42,44212,2891],{"class":125},[42,44214,98],{"class":56},[42,44216,44217],{"class":525},"   # True\n",[42,44219,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230,44232],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,44221,284],{"class":52},[42,44223,57],{"class":56},[42,44225,2886],{"class":125},[42,44227,12549],{"class":48},[42,44229,2891],{"class":125},[42,44231,98],{"class":56},[42,44233,44234],{"class":525},"   # False\n",[42,44236,44237,44239,44241,44243,44245,44247],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,44238,284],{"class":52},[42,44240,57],{"class":56},[42,44242,13005],{"class":52},[42,44244,57],{"class":56},[42,44246,693],{"class":125},[42,44248,842],{"class":56},[42,44250,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,44252,284],{"class":52},[42,44254,57],{"class":56},[42,44256,13005],{"class":52},[42,44258,57],{"class":56},[42,44260,5102],{"class":125},[42,44262,842],{"class":56},[14,44264,2503],{},[167,44266,44267,44275,44283],{},[170,44268,44269,5125,44272,44274],{},[17,44270,44271],{},"a == b",[17,44273,3937],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[170,44276,44277,5125,44280,44282],{},[17,44278,44279],{},"a is b",[17,44281,4009],{}," because they are different list objects",[170,44284,44285,1753,44288,44291],{},[17,44286,44287],{},"id(a)",[17,44289,44290],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,44293,44294,44295,1753,44299,122],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[693,44296,44298],{"href":44297},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[693,44300,44302],{"href":44301},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[28,44304,44306],{"id":44305},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,44308,44309],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[33,44311,44313],{"className":35,"code":44312,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[17,44314,44315,44335,44345,44349,44363,44378],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44316,44317,44319,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329,44331,44333],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44318,3952],{"class":114},[42,44320,88],{"class":87},[42,44322,3957],{"class":56},[42,44324,2659],{"class":2348},[42,44326,70],{"class":56},[42,44328,8139],{"class":2348},[42,44330,70],{"class":56},[42,44332,8144],{"class":2348},[42,44334,3970],{"class":56},[42,44336,44337,44340,44342],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44338,44339],{"class":114},"other_numbers ",[42,44341,88],{"class":87},[42,44343,44344],{"class":114}," numbers\n",[42,44346,44347],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,44348,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,44350,44351,44353,44355,44357,44359,44361],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,44352,284],{"class":52},[42,44354,57],{"class":56},[42,44356,13005],{"class":52},[42,44358,57],{"class":56},[42,44360,3984],{"class":125},[42,44362,842],{"class":56},[42,44364,44365,44367,44369,44371,44373,44376],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,44366,284],{"class":52},[42,44368,57],{"class":56},[42,44370,13005],{"class":52},[42,44372,57],{"class":56},[42,44374,44375],{"class":125},"other_numbers",[42,44377,842],{"class":56},[42,44379,44380,44382,44384,44386,44388,44391],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,44381,284],{"class":52},[42,44383,57],{"class":56},[42,44385,3952],{"class":125},[42,44387,12549],{"class":48},[42,44389,44390],{"class":125}," other_numbers",[42,44392,143],{"class":56},[14,44394,5904],{},[33,44396,44397],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,44398,44399],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44400,44401],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44402,4318],{"class":4190},[14,44404,44405,44406,44408],{},"The two ",[17,44407,43850],{}," values will also match.",[14,44410,22546,44411,44414],{},[17,44412,44413],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[28,44416,44418],{"id":44417},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,44420,44421],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[33,44423,44425],{"className":35,"code":44424,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[17,44426,44427,44448,44469,44473,44488,44502,44517],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44428,44429,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442,44444,44446],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44430,44431],{"class":114},"list_a ",[42,44433,88],{"class":87},[42,44435,3957],{"class":56},[42,44437,3320],{"class":2348},[42,44439,70],{"class":56},[42,44441,3325],{"class":2348},[42,44443,70],{"class":56},[42,44445,2781],{"class":2348},[42,44447,3970],{"class":56},[42,44449,44450,44453,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463,44465,44467],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44451,44452],{"class":114},"list_b ",[42,44454,88],{"class":87},[42,44456,3957],{"class":56},[42,44458,3320],{"class":2348},[42,44460,70],{"class":56},[42,44462,3325],{"class":2348},[42,44464,70],{"class":56},[42,44466,2781],{"class":2348},[42,44468,3970],{"class":56},[42,44470,44471],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,44472,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,44474,44475,44477,44479,44481,44483,44486],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,44476,284],{"class":52},[42,44478,57],{"class":56},[42,44480,44431],{"class":125},[42,44482,5029],{"class":87},[42,44484,44485],{"class":125}," list_b",[42,44487,143],{"class":56},[42,44489,44490,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,44491,284],{"class":52},[42,44493,57],{"class":56},[42,44495,44431],{"class":125},[42,44497,12549],{"class":48},[42,44499,44485],{"class":125},[42,44501,143],{"class":56},[42,44503,44504,44506,44508,44510,44512,44515],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,44505,284],{"class":52},[42,44507,57],{"class":56},[42,44509,13005],{"class":52},[42,44511,57],{"class":56},[42,44513,44514],{"class":125},"list_a",[42,44516,842],{"class":56},[42,44518,44519,44521,44523,44525,44527,44530],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,44520,284],{"class":52},[42,44522,57],{"class":56},[42,44524,13005],{"class":52},[42,44526,57],{"class":56},[42,44528,44529],{"class":125},"list_b",[42,44531,842],{"class":56},[14,44533,5904],{},[33,44535,44537],{"className":35,"code":44536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nFalse\n",[17,44538,44539,44543],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44540,44541],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44542,4318],{"class":4190},[42,44544,44545],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44546,4379],{"class":4190},[14,44548,44549],{},"What this means:",[167,44551,44552,44555,44558],{},[170,44553,44554],{},"The lists are equal in value",[170,44556,44557],{},"They are not the same object",[170,44559,44560,44561,44563],{},"Their ",[17,44562,43850],{}," values are usually different",[14,44565,44566,44567,44569,44570,122],{},"This is why ",[17,44568,43850],{}," should not replace ",[17,44571,5029],{},[28,44573,44575,44576,44578],{"id":44574},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[17,44577,43850],{}," is useful",[14,44580,44581,44583],{},[17,44582,43850],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[167,44585,44586,44589,44592,44595],{},[170,44587,44588],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[170,44590,44591],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[170,44593,44594],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[170,44596,44597],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,44599,44600,44601,44603],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[17,44602,43850],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[33,44605,44607],{"className":35,"code":44606,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[17,44608,44609,44633,44642,44646,44665,44669,44679,44689,44703],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44610,44611,44613,44615,44617,44619,44621,44623,44625,44627,44629,44631],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44612,12441],{"class":114},[42,44614,88],{"class":87},[42,44616,3957],{"class":56},[42,44618,61],{"class":60},[42,44620,693],{"class":64},[42,44622,61],{"class":60},[42,44624,70],{"class":56},[42,44626,73],{"class":60},[42,44628,5102],{"class":64},[42,44630,61],{"class":60},[42,44632,3970],{"class":56},[42,44634,44635,44638,44640],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44636,44637],{"class":114},"copy_ref ",[42,44639,88],{"class":87},[42,44641,12479],{"class":114},[42,44643,44644],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,44645,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,44647,44648,44651,44653,44655,44657,44659,44661,44663],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,44649,44650],{"class":114},"copy_ref",[42,44652,122],{"class":56},[42,44654,13910],{"class":125},[42,44656,57],{"class":56},[42,44658,61],{"class":60},[42,44660,10090],{"class":64},[42,44662,61],{"class":60},[42,44664,143],{"class":56},[42,44666,44667],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,44668,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,44670,44671,44673,44675,44677],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,44672,284],{"class":52},[42,44674,57],{"class":56},[42,44676,12488],{"class":125},[42,44678,143],{"class":56},[42,44680,44681,44683,44685,44687],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,44682,284],{"class":52},[42,44684,57],{"class":56},[42,44686,44650],{"class":125},[42,44688,143],{"class":56},[42,44690,44691,44693,44695,44697,44699,44701],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,44692,284],{"class":52},[42,44694,57],{"class":56},[42,44696,13005],{"class":52},[42,44698,57],{"class":56},[42,44700,12488],{"class":125},[42,44702,842],{"class":56},[42,44704,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713,44715],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,44706,284],{"class":52},[42,44708,57],{"class":56},[42,44710,13005],{"class":52},[42,44712,57],{"class":56},[42,44714,44650],{"class":125},[42,44716,842],{"class":56},[14,44718,5904],{},[33,44720,44722],{"className":35,"code":44721,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,44723,44724,44752],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44725,44726,44728,44730,44732,44734,44736,44738,44740,44742,44744,44746,44748,44750],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44727,4238],{"class":56},[42,44729,868],{"class":60},[42,44731,693],{"class":64},[42,44733,868],{"class":60},[42,44735,70],{"class":56},[42,44737,862],{"class":60},[42,44739,5102],{"class":64},[42,44741,868],{"class":60},[42,44743,70],{"class":56},[42,44745,862],{"class":60},[42,44747,10090],{"class":64},[42,44749,868],{"class":60},[42,44751,3970],{"class":56},[42,44753,44754,44756,44758,44760,44762,44764,44766,44768,44770,44772,44774,44776,44778],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44755,4238],{"class":56},[42,44757,868],{"class":60},[42,44759,693],{"class":64},[42,44761,868],{"class":60},[42,44763,70],{"class":56},[42,44765,862],{"class":60},[42,44767,5102],{"class":64},[42,44769,868],{"class":60},[42,44771,70],{"class":56},[42,44773,862],{"class":60},[42,44775,10090],{"class":64},[42,44777,868],{"class":60},[42,44779,3970],{"class":56},[14,44781,44782],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[28,44784,44786,44787],{"id":44785},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[17,44788,43850],{},[14,44790,44791,44792,44794],{},"Do not use ",[17,44793,43850],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44796,44797],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[167,44799,44800,44806,44812,44815],{},[170,44801,44802,44803,44805],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[17,44804,5029],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[170,44807,44808,44809,44811],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[17,44810,43850],{}," values across program runs",[170,44813,44814],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[170,44816,44817,44818],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[17,44819,43850],{},[14,44821,44822],{},"Bad example:",[33,44824,44826],{"className":35,"code":44825,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[17,44827,44828,44840,44852,44856,44878],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44829,44830,44832,44834,44836,44838],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44831,2886],{"class":114},[42,44833,88],{"class":87},[42,44835,73],{"class":60},[42,44837,37408],{"class":64},[42,44839,3689],{"class":60},[42,44841,44842,44844,44846,44848,44850],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44843,2914],{"class":114},[42,44845,88],{"class":87},[42,44847,73],{"class":60},[42,44849,37408],{"class":64},[42,44851,3689],{"class":60},[42,44853,44854],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,44855,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,44857,44858,44860,44862,44864,44866,44868,44870,44872,44874,44876],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,44859,7345],{"class":48},[42,44861,15173],{"class":52},[42,44863,57],{"class":56},[42,44865,693],{"class":125},[42,44867,98],{"class":56},[42,44869,6754],{"class":87},[42,44871,15173],{"class":52},[42,44873,57],{"class":56},[42,44875,5102],{"class":125},[42,44877,8692],{"class":56},[42,44879,44880,44882,44884,44886,44889,44891],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,44881,135],{"class":52},[42,44883,57],{"class":56},[42,44885,61],{"class":60},[42,44887,44888],{"class":64},"The values are equal",[42,44890,61],{"class":60},[42,44892,143],{"class":56},[14,44894,44895],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[33,44897,44899],{"className":35,"code":44898,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[17,44900,44901,44914],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,44902,44903,44905,44908,44910,44912],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,44904,7345],{"class":48},[42,44906,44907],{"class":114}," a ",[42,44909,5029],{"class":87},[42,44911,2891],{"class":114},[42,44913,108],{"class":56},[42,44915,44916,44918,44920,44922,44924,44926],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,44917,135],{"class":52},[42,44919,57],{"class":56},[42,44921,61],{"class":60},[42,44923,44888],{"class":64},[42,44925,61],{"class":60},[42,44927,143],{"class":56},[14,44929,146,44930,1327,44932,44934],{},[17,44931,12549],{},[17,44933,43850],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[28,44936,21159],{"id":21158},[14,44938,44939],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[167,44941,44942,44945,44948,44953],{},[170,44943,44944],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[170,44946,44947],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[170,44949,44950,44951],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[17,44952,43850],{},[170,44954,44955,44956],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[17,44957,43850],{},[14,44959,44960],{},"The important rule is:",[167,44962,44963,44968],{},[170,44964,146,44965,44967],{},[17,44966,5029],{}," to check value",[170,44969,146,44970,44972],{},[17,44971,12549],{}," to check identity",[14,44974,44975,44976,44978],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[17,44977,43850],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[28,44980,1929],{"id":1928},[14,44982,44983,44984,1935],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[17,44985,43850],{},[167,44987,44988,44996,44999,45002,45007],{},[170,44989,1940,44990,44992,44993,44995],{},[17,44991,43850],{}," when ",[17,44994,5029],{}," should be used",[170,44997,44998],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[170,45000,45001],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[170,45003,45004,45005],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[17,45006,43850],{},[170,45008,1940,45009,45011],{},[17,45010,43850],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,45013,45014],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[33,45016,45018],{"className":35,"code":45017,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[17,45019,45020,45035,45049,45063,45077],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45021,45022,45024,45026,45028,45030,45033],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45023,284],{"class":52},[42,45025,57],{"class":56},[42,45027,13005],{"class":52},[42,45029,57],{"class":56},[42,45031,45032],{"class":125},"my_object",[42,45034,842],{"class":56},[42,45036,45037,45039,45041,45043,45045,45047],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45038,284],{"class":52},[42,45040,57],{"class":56},[42,45042,2886],{"class":125},[42,45044,5029],{"class":87},[42,45046,2891],{"class":125},[42,45048,143],{"class":56},[42,45050,45051,45053,45055,45057,45059,45061],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,45052,284],{"class":52},[42,45054,57],{"class":56},[42,45056,2886],{"class":125},[42,45058,12549],{"class":48},[42,45060,2891],{"class":125},[42,45062,143],{"class":56},[42,45064,45065,45067,45069,45071,45073,45075],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,45066,284],{"class":52},[42,45068,57],{"class":56},[42,45070,835],{"class":834},[42,45072,57],{"class":56},[42,45074,45032],{"class":125},[42,45076,842],{"class":56},[42,45078,45079,45081,45083,45085],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,45080,32512],{"class":52},[42,45082,57],{"class":56},[42,45084,13005],{"class":52},[42,45086,143],{"class":56},[28,45088,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,45090,45092,45093,13072],{"id":45091},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[17,45094,43850],{},[14,45096,45097],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1073,45099,15260,45101,45103],{"id":45100},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[17,45102,43850],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,45105,45106],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1073,45108,21778,45110,45112],{"id":45109},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[17,45111,43850],{}," to compare two values?",[14,45114,30629,45115,45117,45118,1327,45120,45122],{},[17,45116,5029],{}," to compare values. Use ",[17,45119,43850],{},[17,45121,12549],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1073,45124,45126,45127,2823],{"id":45125},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[17,45128,43850],{},[14,45130,45131],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1073,45133,45135,45136,45138],{"id":45134},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[17,45137,43850],{}," values?",[14,45140,45141],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[28,45143,2205],{"id":2204},[167,45145,45146,45151,45156,45161,45169],{},[170,45147,45148],{},[693,45149,45150],{"href":43988},"Python variables explained for beginners",[170,45152,45153],{},[693,45154,45155],{"href":44297},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[170,45157,45158],{},[693,45159,45160],{"href":44301},"Python data types overview",[170,45162,45163],{},[693,45164,3908,45166,3841],{"href":45165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[17,45167,45168],{},"isinstance()",[170,45170,45171],{},[693,45172,45174],{"href":45173},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2245,45176,45177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":45179},[45180,45182,45183,45184,45185,45186,45188,45190,45191,45192,45204],{"id":43954,"depth":111,"text":45181},"What id() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":44122,"depth":111,"text":44123},{"id":44305,"depth":111,"text":44306},{"id":44417,"depth":111,"text":44418},{"id":44574,"depth":111,"text":45187},"When id() is useful",{"id":44785,"depth":111,"text":45189},"When not to use id()",{"id":21158,"depth":111,"text":21159},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":45193},[45194,45196,45198,45200,45202],{"id":45091,"depth":132,"text":45195},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":45100,"depth":132,"text":45197},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":45109,"depth":132,"text":45199},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":45125,"depth":132,"text":45201},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":45134,"depth":132,"text":45203},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43842,"description":45205},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45212,"title":42557,"body":45213,"description":46853,"extension":2285,"meta":46854,"navigation":2287,"path":46855,"seo":46856,"stem":46857,"__hash__":46858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45214,"toc":46819},[45215,45220,45225,45228,45230,45273,45278,45281,45286,45291,45294,45310,45312,45356,45358,45385,45387,45402,45404,45406,45408,45424,45426,45438,45441,45475,45478,45503,45508,45510,45515,45519,45522,45524,45572,45574,45607,45613,45624,45626,45678,45680,45711,45713,45717,45721,45764,45770,45776,45828,45836,45841,45845,45936,45938,45971,45974,45976,46036,46038,46064,46074,46076,46080,46085,46090,46092,46129,46131,46150,46153,46157,46160,46216,46228,46237,46239,46266,46274,46281,46285,46288,46325,46328,46334,46371,46373,46377,46383,46401,46406,46454,46458,46547,46550,46557,46559,46561,46566,46584,46586,46629,46635,46652,46654,46716,46718,46720,46726,46734,46740,46746,46755,46765,46769,46777,46779,46781,46816],[10,45216,3908,45218,3912],{"id":45217},"python-input-function-explained",[17,45219,3289],{},[14,45221,2303,45222,45224],{},[17,45223,3289],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,45226,45227],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[28,45229,31],{"id":30},[33,45231,45233],{"className":35,"code":45232,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[17,45234,45235,45254],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45236,45237,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45250,45252],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45238,8226],{"class":114},[42,45240,88],{"class":87},[42,45242,8592],{"class":52},[42,45244,57],{"class":56},[42,45246,61],{"class":60},[42,45248,45249],{"class":64},"Enter your name: ",[42,45251,61],{"class":60},[42,45253,143],{"class":56},[42,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262,45265,45267,45269,45271],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45257,284],{"class":52},[42,45259,57],{"class":56},[42,45261,61],{"class":60},[42,45263,45264],{"class":64},"Hello, ",[42,45266,61],{"class":60},[42,45268,2784],{"class":87},[42,45270,36351],{"class":125},[42,45272,143],{"class":56},[14,45274,146,45275,45277],{},[17,45276,3289],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45279,45280],"hr",{},[28,45282,4013,45284,4016],{"id":45283},"what-input-does",[17,45285,3289],{},[14,45287,45288,45290],{},[17,45289,3289],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,45292,45293],{},"Here is what happens:",[167,45295,45296,45301,45304,45307],{},[170,45297,45298,45300],{},[17,45299,3289],{}," waits for the user to type",[170,45302,45303],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[170,45305,45306],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[170,45308,45309],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,45311,219],{},[33,45313,45315],{"className":35,"code":45314,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[17,45316,45317,45337],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45318,45319,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45333,45335],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45320,45321],{"class":114},"color ",[42,45323,88],{"class":87},[42,45325,8592],{"class":52},[42,45327,57],{"class":56},[42,45329,61],{"class":60},[42,45331,45332],{"class":64},"What is your favorite color? ",[42,45334,61],{"class":60},[42,45336,143],{"class":56},[42,45338,45339,45341,45343,45345,45348,45350,45352,45354],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45340,284],{"class":52},[42,45342,57],{"class":56},[42,45344,61],{"class":60},[42,45346,45347],{"class":64},"Your favorite color is",[42,45349,61],{"class":60},[42,45351,70],{"class":56},[42,45353,36210],{"class":125},[42,45355,143],{"class":56},[14,45357,845],{},[33,45359,45361],{"className":35,"code":45360,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[17,45362,45363,45376],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45364,45365,45367,45369,45372,45374],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45366,4013],{"class":114},[42,45368,12549],{"class":87},[42,45370,45371],{"class":114}," your favorite color",[42,45373,2823],{"class":37728},[42,45375,36240],{"class":114},[42,45377,45378,45381,45383],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45379,45380],{"class":114},"Your favorite color ",[42,45382,12549],{"class":87},[42,45384,36240],{"class":114},[14,45386,449],{},[167,45388,45389,45394,45399],{},[170,45390,45391,45392],{},"The prompt is ",[17,45393,45332],{},[170,45395,45396,45397],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[17,45398,33251],{},[170,45400,45401],{},"That value is then printed",[45279,45403],{},[28,45405,312],{"id":311},[14,45407,7565],{},[33,45409,45411],{"className":35,"code":45410,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"input(prompt)\n",[17,45412,45413],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45414,45415,45417,45419,45422],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45416,42825],{"class":52},[42,45418,57],{"class":56},[42,45420,45421],{"class":125},"prompt",[42,45423,143],{"class":56},[14,45425,165],{},[167,45427,45428,45432,45435],{},[170,45429,2303,45430,20397],{},[17,45431,45421],{},[170,45433,45434],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[170,45436,45437],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,45439,45440],{},"Example with a prompt:",[33,45442,45444],{"className":35,"code":45443,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[17,45445,45446,45465],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45447,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45461,45463],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45449,8311],{"class":114},[42,45451,88],{"class":87},[42,45453,8592],{"class":52},[42,45455,57],{"class":56},[42,45457,61],{"class":60},[42,45459,45460],{"class":64},"Enter your username: ",[42,45462,61],{"class":60},[42,45464,143],{"class":56},[42,45466,45467,45469,45471,45473],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45468,284],{"class":52},[42,45470,57],{"class":56},[42,45472,8335],{"class":125},[42,45474,143],{"class":56},[14,45476,45477],{},"Example without a prompt:",[33,45479,45481],{"className":35,"code":45480,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[17,45482,45483,45493],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45484,45485,45487,45489,45491],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45486,2776],{"class":114},[42,45488,88],{"class":87},[42,45490,8592],{"class":52},[42,45492,129],{"class":56},[42,45494,45495,45497,45499,45501],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45496,284],{"class":52},[42,45498,57],{"class":56},[42,45500,2803],{"class":125},[42,45502,143],{"class":56},[14,45504,8111,45505,45507],{},[17,45506,3289],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45279,45509],{},[28,45511,4013,45513,12060],{"id":45512},"what-input-returns",[17,45514,3289],{},[14,45516,45517,8575],{},[17,45518,3289],{},[14,45520,45521],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,45523,219],{},[33,45525,45527],{"className":35,"code":45526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[17,45528,45529,45548,45558],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45530,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539,45541,45544,45546],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45532,21986],{"class":114},[42,45534,88],{"class":87},[42,45536,8592],{"class":52},[42,45538,57],{"class":56},[42,45540,61],{"class":60},[42,45542,45543],{"class":64},"Enter your age: ",[42,45545,61],{"class":60},[42,45547,143],{"class":56},[42,45549,45550,45552,45554,45556],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45551,284],{"class":52},[42,45553,57],{"class":56},[42,45555,9649],{"class":125},[42,45557,143],{"class":56},[42,45559,45560,45562,45564,45566,45568,45570],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,45561,284],{"class":52},[42,45563,57],{"class":56},[42,45565,835],{"class":834},[42,45567,57],{"class":56},[42,45569,9649],{"class":125},[42,45571,842],{"class":56},[14,45573,845],{},[33,45575,45577],{"className":35,"code":45576,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,45578,45579,45589,45593],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45580,45581,45584,45586],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45582,45583],{"class":114},"Enter your age",[42,45585,1935],{"class":56},[42,45587,45588],{"class":2348}," 25\n",[42,45590,45591],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45592,3041],{"class":2348},[42,45594,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,45596,855],{"class":87},[42,45598,859],{"class":858},[42,45600,862],{"class":60},[42,45602,3775],{"class":64},[42,45604,868],{"class":60},[42,45606,871],{"class":87},[14,45608,45609,45610,45612],{},"Even though the user typed ",[17,45611,9543],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,45614,45615,45616,1327,45620,122],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[693,45617,45618],{"href":3206},[17,45619,3209],{},[693,45621,45622],{"href":3212},[17,45623,3215],{},[14,45625,219],{},[33,45627,45629],{"className":35,"code":45628,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[17,45630,45631,45654,45664],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45632,45633,45635,45637,45640,45642,45644,45646,45648,45650,45652],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45634,21986],{"class":114},[42,45636,88],{"class":87},[42,45638,45639],{"class":834}," int",[42,45641,57],{"class":56},[42,45643,42825],{"class":52},[42,45645,57],{"class":56},[42,45647,61],{"class":60},[42,45649,45543],{"class":64},[42,45651,61],{"class":60},[42,45653,842],{"class":56},[42,45655,45656,45658,45660,45662],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45657,284],{"class":52},[42,45659,57],{"class":56},[42,45661,9649],{"class":125},[42,45663,143],{"class":56},[42,45665,45666,45668,45670,45672,45674,45676],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,45667,284],{"class":52},[42,45669,57],{"class":56},[42,45671,835],{"class":834},[42,45673,57],{"class":56},[42,45675,9649],{"class":125},[42,45677,842],{"class":56},[14,45679,845],{},[33,45681,45683],{"className":35,"code":45682,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,45684,45685,45693,45697],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45686,45687,45689,45691],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45688,45583],{"class":114},[42,45690,1935],{"class":56},[42,45692,45588],{"class":2348},[42,45694,45695],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45696,3041],{"class":2348},[42,45698,45699,45701,45703,45705,45707,45709],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,45700,855],{"class":87},[42,45702,859],{"class":858},[42,45704,862],{"class":60},[42,45706,2513],{"class":64},[42,45708,868],{"class":60},[42,45710,871],{"class":87},[45279,45712],{},[28,45714,45716],{"id":45715},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1073,45718,45720],{"id":45719},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[33,45722,45724],{"className":35,"code":45723,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[17,45725,45726,45745],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45727,45728,45730,45732,45734,45736,45738,45741,45743],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45729,8226],{"class":114},[42,45731,88],{"class":87},[42,45733,8592],{"class":52},[42,45735,57],{"class":56},[42,45737,61],{"class":60},[42,45739,45740],{"class":64},"What is your name? ",[42,45742,61],{"class":60},[42,45744,143],{"class":56},[42,45746,45747,45749,45751,45753,45756,45758,45760,45762],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45748,284],{"class":52},[42,45750,57],{"class":56},[42,45752,61],{"class":60},[42,45754,45755],{"class":64},"Hello,",[42,45757,61],{"class":60},[42,45759,70],{"class":56},[42,45761,36351],{"class":125},[42,45763,143],{"class":56},[14,45765,45766,45767,45769],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[17,45768,8016],{}," and prints it.",[1073,45771,45773,45774],{"id":45772},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[17,45775,3209],{},[33,45777,45779],{"className":35,"code":45778,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[17,45780,45781,45804],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45782,45783,45785,45787,45789,45791,45793,45795,45797,45800,45802],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45784,21986],{"class":114},[42,45786,88],{"class":87},[42,45788,45639],{"class":834},[42,45790,57],{"class":56},[42,45792,42825],{"class":52},[42,45794,57],{"class":56},[42,45796,61],{"class":60},[42,45798,45799],{"class":64},"How old are you? ",[42,45801,61],{"class":60},[42,45803,842],{"class":56},[42,45805,45806,45808,45810,45812,45815,45817,45819,45822,45824,45826],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45807,284],{"class":52},[42,45809,57],{"class":56},[42,45811,61],{"class":60},[42,45813,45814],{"class":64},"Next year you will be",[42,45816,61],{"class":60},[42,45818,70],{"class":56},[42,45820,45821],{"class":125}," age ",[42,45823,2384],{"class":87},[42,45825,5842],{"class":2348},[42,45827,143],{"class":56},[14,45829,6406,45830,45832,45833,45835],{},[17,45831,3209],{}," converts the text from ",[17,45834,3289],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45837,45838,45839,122],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[693,45840,9331],{"href":9330},[1073,45842,45844],{"id":45843},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[33,45846,45848],{"className":35,"code":45847,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[17,45849,45850,45874,45898,45912,45916],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45851,45852,45855,45857,45859,45861,45863,45865,45867,45870,45872],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45853,45854],{"class":114},"num1 ",[42,45856,88],{"class":87},[42,45858,45639],{"class":834},[42,45860,57],{"class":56},[42,45862,42825],{"class":52},[42,45864,57],{"class":56},[42,45866,61],{"class":60},[42,45868,45869],{"class":64},"Enter the first number: ",[42,45871,61],{"class":60},[42,45873,842],{"class":56},[42,45875,45876,45879,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45894,45896],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45877,45878],{"class":114},"num2 ",[42,45880,88],{"class":87},[42,45882,45639],{"class":834},[42,45884,57],{"class":56},[42,45886,42825],{"class":52},[42,45888,57],{"class":56},[42,45890,61],{"class":60},[42,45892,45893],{"class":64},"Enter the second number: ",[42,45895,61],{"class":60},[42,45897,842],{"class":56},[42,45899,45900,45902,45904,45907,45909],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,45901,41545],{"class":114},[42,45903,88],{"class":87},[42,45905,45906],{"class":114}," num1 ",[42,45908,2384],{"class":87},[42,45910,45911],{"class":114}," num2\n",[42,45913,45914],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,45915,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,45917,45918,45920,45922,45924,45927,45929,45931,45934],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,45919,284],{"class":52},[42,45921,57],{"class":56},[42,45923,61],{"class":60},[42,45925,45926],{"class":64},"Total:",[42,45928,61],{"class":60},[42,45930,70],{"class":56},[42,45932,45933],{"class":125}," total",[42,45935,143],{"class":56},[14,45937,845],{},[33,45939,45941],{"className":35,"code":45940,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[17,45942,45943,45953,45962],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45944,45945,45948,45950],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45946,45947],{"class":114},"Enter the first number",[42,45949,1935],{"class":56},[42,45951,45952],{"class":2348}," 2\n",[42,45954,45955,45958,45960],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,45956,45957],{"class":114},"Enter the second number",[42,45959,1935],{"class":56},[42,45961,2909],{"class":2348},[42,45963,45964,45967,45969],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,45965,45966],{"class":114},"Total",[42,45968,1935],{"class":56},[42,45970,35202],{"class":2348},[14,45972,45973],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45975,219],{},[33,45977,45979],{"className":35,"code":45978,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[17,45980,45981,45999,46017,46021],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,45982,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,45984,45854],{"class":114},[42,45986,88],{"class":87},[42,45988,8592],{"class":52},[42,45990,57],{"class":56},[42,45992,61],{"class":60},[42,45994,45869],{"class":64},[42,45996,61],{"class":60},[42,45998,143],{"class":56},[42,46000,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011,46013,46015],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46002,45878],{"class":114},[42,46004,88],{"class":87},[42,46006,8592],{"class":52},[42,46008,57],{"class":56},[42,46010,61],{"class":60},[42,46012,45893],{"class":64},[42,46014,61],{"class":60},[42,46016,143],{"class":56},[42,46018,46019],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46020,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,46022,46023,46025,46027,46029,46031,46034],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,46024,284],{"class":52},[42,46026,57],{"class":56},[42,46028,45854],{"class":125},[42,46030,2384],{"class":87},[42,46032,46033],{"class":125}," num2",[42,46035,143],{"class":56},[14,46037,845],{},[33,46039,46041],{"className":35,"code":46040,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[17,46042,46043,46051,46059],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46044,46045,46047,46049],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46046,45947],{"class":114},[42,46048,1935],{"class":56},[42,46050,45952],{"class":2348},[42,46052,46053,46055,46057],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46054,45957],{"class":114},[42,46056,1935],{"class":56},[42,46058,2909],{"class":2348},[42,46060,46061],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46062,46063],{"class":2348},"23\n",[14,46065,46066,46067,46070,46071,122],{},"That happens because ",[17,46068,46069],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[17,46072,46073],{},"\"23\"",[45279,46075],{},[28,46077,46079],{"id":46078},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,46081,46082,46083,122],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[17,46084,3289],{},[1073,46086,5045,46088,41905],{"id":46087},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[17,46089,3289],{},[14,46091,39561],{},[33,46093,46095],{"className":35,"code":46094,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,46096,46097,46115],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46098,46099,46101,46103,46105,46107,46109,46111,46113],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46100,2776],{"class":114},[42,46102,88],{"class":87},[42,46104,8592],{"class":52},[42,46106,57],{"class":56},[42,46108,61],{"class":60},[42,46110,42234],{"class":64},[42,46112,61],{"class":60},[42,46114,143],{"class":56},[42,46116,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46118,284],{"class":52},[42,46120,57],{"class":56},[42,46122,835],{"class":834},[42,46124,57],{"class":56},[42,46126,2803],{"class":125},[42,46128,842],{"class":56},[14,46130,2395],{},[33,46132,46134],{"className":35,"code":46133,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,46135,46136],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46137,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146,46148],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46139,855],{"class":87},[42,46141,859],{"class":858},[42,46143,862],{"class":60},[42,46145,3775],{"class":64},[42,46147,868],{"class":60},[42,46149,871],{"class":87},[14,46151,46152],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1073,46154,46156],{"id":46155},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,46158,46159],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[33,46161,46163],{"className":35,"code":46162,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[17,46164,46165,46183,46202],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46166,46167,46169,46171,46173,46175,46177,46179,46181],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46168,2886],{"class":114},[42,46170,88],{"class":87},[42,46172,8592],{"class":52},[42,46174,57],{"class":56},[42,46176,61],{"class":60},[42,46178,42234],{"class":64},[42,46180,61],{"class":60},[42,46182,143],{"class":56},[42,46184,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193,46195,46198,46200],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46186,2914],{"class":114},[42,46188,88],{"class":87},[42,46190,8592],{"class":52},[42,46192,57],{"class":56},[42,46194,61],{"class":60},[42,46196,46197],{"class":64},"Enter another number: ",[42,46199,61],{"class":60},[42,46201,143],{"class":56},[42,46203,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46205,284],{"class":52},[42,46207,57],{"class":56},[42,46209,2886],{"class":125},[42,46211,2384],{"class":87},[42,46213,2891],{"class":125},[42,46215,143],{"class":56},[14,46217,41483,46218,1753,46220,46222,46223,19322,46226,122],{},[17,46219,2836],{},[17,46221,2461],{},", the result is ",[17,46224,46225],{},"45",[17,46227,2469],{},[1073,46229,46231,46232,46234,46235],{"id":46230},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[17,46233,41067],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[17,46236,3209],{},[14,46238,219],{},[33,46240,46242],{"className":35,"code":46241,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[17,46243,46244],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46245,46246,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46247,21986],{"class":114},[42,46249,88],{"class":87},[42,46251,45639],{"class":834},[42,46253,57],{"class":56},[42,46255,42825],{"class":52},[42,46257,57],{"class":56},[42,46259,61],{"class":60},[42,46261,45543],{"class":64},[42,46263,61],{"class":60},[42,46265,842],{"class":56},[14,46267,8621,46268,46271,46272,122],{},[17,46269,46270],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[17,46273,41067],{},[14,46275,46276,46277,122],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[693,46278,46280],{"href":46279},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1073,46282,46284],{"id":46283},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,46286,46287],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[33,46289,46291],{"className":35,"code":46290,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[17,46292,46293,46311],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46294,46295,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46296,8226],{"class":114},[42,46298,88],{"class":87},[42,46300,8592],{"class":52},[42,46302,57],{"class":56},[42,46304,61],{"class":60},[42,46306,45249],{"class":64},[42,46308,61],{"class":60},[42,46310,143],{"class":56},[42,46312,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321,46323],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46314,284],{"class":52},[42,46316,57],{"class":56},[42,46318,42142],{"class":52},[42,46320,57],{"class":56},[42,46322,8016],{"class":125},[42,46324,842],{"class":56},[14,46326,46327],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,46329,46330,46331,1935],{},"You can remove them with ",[17,46332,46333],{},".strip()",[33,46335,46337],{"className":35,"code":46336,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[17,46338,46339,46361],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46340,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46342,8226],{"class":114},[42,46344,88],{"class":87},[42,46346,8592],{"class":52},[42,46348,57],{"class":56},[42,46350,61],{"class":60},[42,46352,45249],{"class":64},[42,46354,61],{"class":60},[42,46356,8982],{"class":56},[42,46358,1317],{"class":125},[42,46360,129],{"class":56},[42,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46364,284],{"class":52},[42,46366,57],{"class":56},[42,46368,8016],{"class":125},[42,46370,143],{"class":56},[45279,46372],{},[28,46374,46376],{"id":46375},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,46378,46379,46380,46382],{},"These habits make ",[17,46381,3289],{}," easier and safer to use.",[167,46384,46385,46388,46393,46396],{},[170,46386,46387],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[170,46389,146,46390,46392],{},[17,46391,46333],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[170,46394,46395],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[170,46397,146,46398,46400],{},[17,46399,30141],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,46402,46403,46404,1935],{},"Example with ",[17,46405,46333],{},[33,46407,46409],{"className":35,"code":46408,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[17,46410,46411,46435],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46412,46413,46416,46418,46420,46422,46424,46427,46429,46431,46433],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46414,46415],{"class":114},"city ",[42,46417,88],{"class":87},[42,46419,8592],{"class":52},[42,46421,57],{"class":56},[42,46423,61],{"class":60},[42,46425,46426],{"class":64},"Enter your city: ",[42,46428,61],{"class":60},[42,46430,8982],{"class":56},[42,46432,1317],{"class":125},[42,46434,129],{"class":56},[42,46436,46437,46439,46441,46443,46446,46448,46450,46452],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46438,284],{"class":52},[42,46440,57],{"class":56},[42,46442,61],{"class":60},[42,46444,46445],{"class":64},"City:",[42,46447,61],{"class":60},[42,46449,70],{"class":56},[42,46451,31744],{"class":125},[42,46453,143],{"class":56},[14,46455,46403,46456,1935],{},[17,46457,30141],{},[33,46459,46461],{"className":35,"code":46460,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[17,46462,46463,46469,46492,46524,46532],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46464,46465,46467],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46466,30163],{"class":48},[42,46468,108],{"class":56},[42,46470,46471,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488,46490],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46472,46473],{"class":114},"    age ",[42,46475,88],{"class":87},[42,46477,45639],{"class":834},[42,46479,57],{"class":56},[42,46481,42825],{"class":52},[42,46483,57],{"class":56},[42,46485,61],{"class":60},[42,46487,45543],{"class":64},[42,46489,61],{"class":60},[42,46491,842],{"class":56},[42,46493,46494,46496,46498,46500,46503,46505,46507,46509,46511,46513,46515,46517,46520,46522],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46495,135],{"class":52},[42,46497,57],{"class":56},[42,46499,61],{"class":60},[42,46501,46502],{"class":64},"You will be",[42,46504,61],{"class":60},[42,46506,70],{"class":56},[42,46508,45821],{"class":125},[42,46510,2384],{"class":87},[42,46512,5842],{"class":2348},[42,46514,70],{"class":56},[42,46516,73],{"class":60},[42,46518,46519],{"class":64},"next year",[42,46521,61],{"class":60},[42,46523,143],{"class":56},[42,46525,46526,46528,46530],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,46527,30194],{"class":48},[42,46529,42289],{"class":834},[42,46531,108],{"class":56},[42,46533,46534,46536,46538,46540,46543,46545],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,46535,135],{"class":52},[42,46537,57],{"class":56},[42,46539,61],{"class":60},[42,46541,46542],{"class":64},"Please enter a whole number.",[42,46544,61],{"class":60},[42,46546,143],{"class":56},[14,46548,46549],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,46551,46552,46553,122],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[693,46554,46556],{"href":46555},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45279,46558],{},[28,46560,1929],{"id":1928},[14,46562,46563,46564,1935],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[17,46565,3289],{},[167,46567,46568,46575,46578,46581],{},[170,46569,46570,46571,1327,46573],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[17,46572,3209],{},[17,46574,3215],{},[170,46576,46577],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[170,46579,46580],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[170,46582,46583],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,46585,32442],{},[33,46587,46589],{"className":35,"code":46588,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,46590,46591,46601,46615],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46592,46593,46595,46597,46599],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46594,284],{"class":52},[42,46596,57],{"class":56},[42,46598,2803],{"class":125},[42,46600,143],{"class":56},[42,46602,46603,46605,46607,46609,46611,46613],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46604,284],{"class":52},[42,46606,57],{"class":56},[42,46608,835],{"class":834},[42,46610,57],{"class":56},[42,46612,2803],{"class":125},[42,46614,842],{"class":56},[42,46616,46617,46619,46621,46623,46625,46627],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46618,284],{"class":52},[42,46620,57],{"class":56},[42,46622,42142],{"class":52},[42,46624,57],{"class":56},[42,46626,2803],{"class":125},[42,46628,842],{"class":56},[14,46630,46631,46632,46634],{},"These help you inspect what ",[17,46633,3289],{}," actually returned:",[167,46636,46637,46642,46647],{},[170,46638,46639,46641],{},[17,46640,42190],{}," shows the value",[170,46643,46644,46646],{},[17,46645,42196],{}," shows the data type",[170,46648,46649,46651],{},[17,46650,42201],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,46653,219],{},[33,46655,46657],{"className":35,"code":46656,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,46658,46659,46678,46688,46702],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46660,46661,46663,46665,46667,46669,46671,46674,46676],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46662,2776],{"class":114},[42,46664,88],{"class":87},[42,46666,8592],{"class":52},[42,46668,57],{"class":56},[42,46670,61],{"class":60},[42,46672,46673],{"class":64},"Enter something: ",[42,46675,61],{"class":60},[42,46677,143],{"class":56},[42,46679,46680,46682,46684,46686],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46681,284],{"class":52},[42,46683,57],{"class":56},[42,46685,2803],{"class":125},[42,46687,143],{"class":56},[42,46689,46690,46692,46694,46696,46698,46700],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46691,284],{"class":52},[42,46693,57],{"class":56},[42,46695,835],{"class":834},[42,46697,57],{"class":56},[42,46699,2803],{"class":125},[42,46701,842],{"class":56},[42,46703,46704,46706,46708,46710,46712,46714],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,46705,284],{"class":52},[42,46707,57],{"class":56},[42,46709,42142],{"class":52},[42,46711,57],{"class":56},[42,46713,2803],{"class":125},[42,46715,842],{"class":56},[45279,46717],{},[28,46719,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,46721,13060,46723,46725],{"id":46722},"does-input-return-an-integer",[17,46724,3289],{}," return an integer?",[14,46727,46728,46729,46731,46732,40292],{},"No. ",[17,46730,3289],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[17,46733,3209],{},[1073,46735,46737,46738,2823],{"id":46736},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[17,46739,3289],{},[14,46741,46742,46743,46745],{},"No. You can call ",[17,46744,3289],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1073,46747,5501,46749,46752,46753,2823],{"id":46748},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[17,46750,46751],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[17,46754,3289],{},[14,46756,29420,46757,46759,46760,42518,46762,46764],{},[17,46758,3289],{}," returns strings. ",[17,46761,46069],{},[17,46763,46073],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1073,46766,46768],{"id":46767},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46770,146,46771,46773,46774,122],{},[17,46772,46333],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[17,46775,46776],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45279,46778],{},[28,46780,2205],{"id":2204},[167,46782,46783,46788,46792,46798,46804,46808],{},[170,46784,46785],{},[693,46786,46787],{"href":46555},"How to get user input in Python",[170,46789,46790],{},[693,46791,9408],{"href":9330},[170,46793,46794],{},[693,46795,3908,46796,3841],{"href":3206},[17,46797,3209],{},[170,46799,46800],{},[693,46801,3908,46802,3841],{"href":3212},[17,46803,3215],{},[170,46805,46806],{},[693,46807,46280],{"href":46279},[170,46809,46810],{},[693,46811,3908,46813,3841],{"href":46812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[17,46814,46815],{},"print()",[2245,46817,46818],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":46820},[46821,46822,46824,46825,46827,46833,46841,46842,46843,46852],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":45283,"depth":111,"text":46823},"What input() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":45512,"depth":111,"text":46826},"What input() returns",{"id":45715,"depth":111,"text":45716,"children":46828},[46829,46830,46832],{"id":45719,"depth":132,"text":45720},{"id":45772,"depth":132,"text":46831},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45843,"depth":132,"text":45844},{"id":46078,"depth":111,"text":46079,"children":46834},[46835,46837,46838,46840],{"id":46087,"depth":132,"text":46836},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46155,"depth":132,"text":46156},{"id":46230,"depth":132,"text":46839},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46283,"depth":132,"text":46284},{"id":46375,"depth":111,"text":46376},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":46844},[46845,46847,46849,46851],{"id":46722,"depth":132,"text":46846},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46736,"depth":132,"text":46848},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46748,"depth":132,"text":46850},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46767,"depth":132,"text":46768},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42557,"description":46853},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46860,"title":42459,"body":46861,"description":49172,"extension":2285,"meta":49173,"navigation":2287,"path":49174,"seo":49175,"stem":49176,"__hash__":49177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46862,"toc":49124},[46863,46868,46873,46878,46899,46902,46904,46964,46966,46985,46990,46995,47000,47002,47015,47017,47100,47102,47143,47149,47151,47181,47187,47190,47207,47209,47261,47263,47281,47287,47293,47296,47314,47316,47389,47391,47410,47417,47423,47428,47431,47491,47493,47512,47515,47518,47533,47539,47543,47604,47606,47627,47631,47758,47760,47890,47900,47906,47912,47920,47986,47988,48013,48016,48033,48046,48052,48055,48088,48090,48103,48106,48149,48151,48159,48166,48170,48177,48181,48208,48210,48218,48224,48241,48246,48250,48277,48279,48287,48291,48296,48299,48325,48328,48337,48345,48349,48359,48363,48366,48368,48419,48421,48451,48461,48488,48490,48498,48508,48512,48515,48517,48565,48567,48611,48617,48668,48670,48689,48694,48699,48702,48721,48724,48776,48778,48787,48789,48793,48797,48800,48809,48816,48818,48845,48849,48851,48860,48863,48870,48876,48936,48940,48942,48950,48953,48979,48985,48988,49008,49010,49019,49027,49029,49035,49040,49047,49057,49063,49071,49075,49078,49080,49121],[10,46864,3908,46866,3912],{"id":46865},"python-int-function-explained",[17,46867,3209],{},[14,46869,32677,46870,46872],{},[17,46871,3209],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46874,35764,46875,46877],{},[17,46876,3209],{}," when they want to:",[167,46879,46880,46890,46893,46896],{},[170,46881,46882,46883,46886,46887],{},"turn text like ",[17,46884,46885],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[17,46888,46889],{},"42",[170,46891,46892],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[170,46894,46895],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[170,46897,46898],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46900,46901],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[28,46903,31],{"id":30},[33,46905,46907],{"className":35,"code":46906,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[17,46908,46909,46927,46941],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46910,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923,46925],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46912,284],{"class":52},[42,46914,57],{"class":56},[42,46916,2513],{"class":834},[42,46918,57],{"class":56},[42,46920,61],{"class":60},[42,46922,46889],{"class":64},[42,46924,61],{"class":60},[42,46926,842],{"class":56},[42,46928,46929,46931,46933,46935,46937,46939],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46930,284],{"class":52},[42,46932,57],{"class":56},[42,46934,2513],{"class":834},[42,46936,57],{"class":56},[42,46938,42347],{"class":2348},[42,46940,842],{"class":56},[42,46942,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951,46953,46956,46958,46960,46962],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46944,284],{"class":52},[42,46946,57],{"class":56},[42,46948,2513],{"class":834},[42,46950,57],{"class":56},[42,46952,61],{"class":60},[42,46954,46955],{"class":64},"101",[42,46957,61],{"class":60},[42,46959,70],{"class":56},[42,46961,3325],{"class":2348},[42,46963,842],{"class":56},[14,46965,2395],{},[33,46967,46969],{"className":35,"code":46968,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"42\n3\n5\n",[17,46970,46971,46976,46981],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,46972,46973],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,46974,46975],{"class":2348},"42\n",[42,46977,46978],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,46979,46980],{"class":2348},"3\n",[42,46982,46983],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,46984,3278],{"class":2348},[14,46986,146,46987,46989],{},[17,46988,3209],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[28,46991,4013,46993,4016],{"id":46992},"what-int-does",[17,46994,3209],{},[14,46996,46997,46999],{},[17,46998,3209],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,47001,13409],{},[167,47003,47004,47009,47012],{},[170,47005,47006,47007,7687],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[17,47008,2513],{},[170,47010,47011],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[170,47013,47014],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,47016,219],{},[33,47018,47020],{"className":35,"code":47019,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,47021,47022,47034,47048,47052,47062,47072,47086],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47023,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47025,35048],{"class":114},[42,47027,88],{"class":87},[42,47029,73],{"class":60},[42,47031,9543],{"class":64},[42,47033,3689],{"class":60},[42,47035,47036,47038,47040,47042,47044,47046],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47037,2542],{"class":114},[42,47039,88],{"class":87},[42,47041,45639],{"class":834},[42,47043,57],{"class":56},[42,47045,444],{"class":125},[42,47047,143],{"class":56},[42,47049,47050],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47051,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,47053,47054,47056,47058,47060],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,47055,284],{"class":52},[42,47057,57],{"class":56},[42,47059,444],{"class":125},[42,47061,143],{"class":56},[42,47063,47064,47066,47068,47070],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,47065,284],{"class":52},[42,47067,57],{"class":56},[42,47069,2565],{"class":125},[42,47071,143],{"class":56},[42,47073,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,47075,284],{"class":52},[42,47077,57],{"class":56},[42,47079,835],{"class":834},[42,47081,57],{"class":56},[42,47083,444],{"class":125},[42,47085,842],{"class":56},[42,47087,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,47089,284],{"class":52},[42,47091,57],{"class":56},[42,47093,835],{"class":834},[42,47095,57],{"class":56},[42,47097,2565],{"class":125},[42,47099,842],{"class":56},[14,47101,2395],{},[33,47103,47105],{"className":35,"code":47104,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,47106,47107,47111,47115,47129],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47108,47109],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47110,3041],{"class":2348},[42,47112,47113],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47114,3041],{"class":2348},[42,47116,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125,47127],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47118,855],{"class":87},[42,47120,859],{"class":858},[42,47122,862],{"class":60},[42,47124,3775],{"class":64},[42,47126,868],{"class":60},[42,47128,871],{"class":87},[42,47130,47131,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,47132,855],{"class":87},[42,47134,859],{"class":858},[42,47136,862],{"class":60},[42,47138,2513],{"class":64},[42,47140,868],{"class":60},[42,47142,871],{"class":87},[14,47144,47145,47146,47148],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[17,47147,3209],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[28,47150,312],{"id":311},[33,47152,47154],{"className":35,"code":47153,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[17,47155,47156,47166],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47157,47158,47160,47162,47164],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47159,2513],{"class":834},[42,47161,57],{"class":56},[42,47163,2498],{"class":125},[42,47165,143],{"class":56},[42,47167,47168,47170,47172,47174,47176,47179],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47169,2513],{"class":834},[42,47171,57],{"class":56},[42,47173,2498],{"class":125},[42,47175,70],{"class":56},[42,47177,47178],{"class":125}," base",[42,47180,143],{"class":56},[1073,47182,47184],{"id":47183},"intx",[17,47185,47186],{},"int(x)",[14,47188,47189],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[167,47191,47192,47197,47202],{},[170,47193,47194,47195],{},"a string such as ",[17,47196,42489],{},[170,47198,47199,47200],{},"a float such as ",[17,47201,42347],{},[170,47203,47204,47205],{},"a boolean such as ",[17,47206,3937],{},[14,47208,219],{},[33,47210,47212],{"className":35,"code":47211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[17,47213,47214,47232,47247],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47215,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228,47230],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47217,284],{"class":52},[42,47219,57],{"class":56},[42,47221,2513],{"class":834},[42,47223,57],{"class":56},[42,47225,61],{"class":60},[42,47227,2659],{"class":64},[42,47229,61],{"class":60},[42,47231,842],{"class":56},[42,47233,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47245],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47235,284],{"class":52},[42,47237,57],{"class":56},[42,47239,2513],{"class":834},[42,47241,57],{"class":56},[42,47243,47244],{"class":2348},"8.7",[42,47246,842],{"class":56},[42,47248,47249,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47250,284],{"class":52},[42,47252,57],{"class":56},[42,47254,2513],{"class":834},[42,47256,57],{"class":56},[42,47258,3937],{"class":4190},[42,47260,842],{"class":56},[14,47262,2395],{},[33,47264,47266],{"className":35,"code":47265,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"10\n8\n1\n",[17,47267,47268,47272,47276],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47269,47270],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47271,2705],{"class":2348},[42,47273,47274],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47275,2710],{"class":2348},[42,47277,47278],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47279,47280],{"class":2348},"1\n",[1073,47282,47284],{"id":47283},"intx-base",[17,47285,47286],{},"int(x, base)",[14,47288,47289,47290,47292],{},"Use this form when ",[17,47291,2498],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,47294,47295],{},"Common bases:",[167,47297,47298,47303,47308],{},[170,47299,47300,47302],{},[17,47301,2381],{}," for binary",[170,47304,47305,47307],{},[17,47306,2674],{}," for octal",[170,47309,47310,47313],{},[17,47311,47312],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,47315,219],{},[33,47317,47319],{"className":35,"code":47318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[17,47320,47321,47343,47366],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47322,47323,47325,47327,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47324,284],{"class":52},[42,47326,57],{"class":56},[42,47328,2513],{"class":834},[42,47330,57],{"class":56},[42,47332,61],{"class":60},[42,47334,46955],{"class":64},[42,47336,61],{"class":60},[42,47338,70],{"class":56},[42,47340,3325],{"class":2348},[42,47342,842],{"class":56},[42,47344,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47358,47360,47362,47364],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47346,284],{"class":52},[42,47348,57],{"class":56},[42,47350,2513],{"class":834},[42,47352,57],{"class":56},[42,47354,61],{"class":60},[42,47356,47357],{"class":64},"17",[42,47359,61],{"class":60},[42,47361,70],{"class":56},[42,47363,6706],{"class":2348},[42,47365,842],{"class":56},[42,47367,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378,47381,47383,47385,47387],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47369,284],{"class":52},[42,47371,57],{"class":56},[42,47373,2513],{"class":834},[42,47375,57],{"class":56},[42,47377,61],{"class":60},[42,47379,47380],{"class":64},"1A",[42,47382,61],{"class":60},[42,47384,70],{"class":56},[42,47386,14345],{"class":2348},[42,47388,842],{"class":56},[14,47390,2395],{},[33,47392,47394],{"className":35,"code":47393,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5\n15\n26\n",[17,47395,47396,47400,47405],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47397,47398],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47399,3278],{"class":2348},[42,47401,47402],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47403,47404],{"class":2348},"15\n",[42,47406,47407],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47408,47409],{"class":2348},"26\n",[14,47411,47412,47413,122],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[693,47414,47415,2631],{"href":3212},[17,47416,3215],{},[28,47418,1940,47420,47422],{"id":47419},"using-int-with-strings",[17,47421,3209],{}," with strings",[14,47424,47425,47427],{},[17,47426,3209],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,47429,47430],{},"Examples that work:",[33,47432,47434],{"className":35,"code":47433,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[17,47435,47436,47454,47472],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47437,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450,47452],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47439,284],{"class":52},[42,47441,57],{"class":56},[42,47443,2513],{"class":834},[42,47445,57],{"class":56},[42,47447,61],{"class":60},[42,47449,2461],{"class":64},[42,47451,61],{"class":60},[42,47453,842],{"class":56},[42,47455,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47457,284],{"class":52},[42,47459,57],{"class":56},[42,47461,2513],{"class":834},[42,47463,57],{"class":56},[42,47465,61],{"class":60},[42,47467,2620],{"class":64},[42,47469,61],{"class":60},[42,47471,842],{"class":56},[42,47473,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482,47484,47487,47489],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47475,284],{"class":52},[42,47477,57],{"class":56},[42,47479,2513],{"class":834},[42,47481,57],{"class":56},[42,47483,61],{"class":60},[42,47485,47486],{"class":64},"  42  ",[42,47488,61],{"class":60},[42,47490,842],{"class":56},[14,47492,2395],{},[33,47494,47496],{"className":35,"code":47495,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5\n-12\n42\n",[17,47497,47498,47502,47508],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47499,47500],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47501,3278],{"class":2348},[42,47503,47504,47506],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47505,2345],{"class":87},[42,47507,2550],{"class":2348},[42,47509,47510],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47511,46975],{"class":2348},[14,47513,47514],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,47516,47517],{},"Examples that fail:",[33,47519,47521],{"className":35,"code":47520,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[17,47522,47523,47528],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47524,47525],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47526,47527],{"class":525},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[42,47529,47530],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47531,47532],{"class":525},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,47534,47535,47536,47538],{},"These raise ",[17,47537,41067],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1073,47540,47542],{"id":47541},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[33,47544,47546],{"className":35,"code":47545,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[17,47547,47548,47566,47585],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47549,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47551,284],{"class":52},[42,47553,57],{"class":56},[42,47555,2513],{"class":834},[42,47557,57],{"class":56},[42,47559,61],{"class":60},[42,47561,2445],{"class":64},[42,47563,61],{"class":60},[42,47565,842],{"class":56},[42,47567,47568,47570,47572,47574,47576,47578,47581,47583],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47569,284],{"class":52},[42,47571,57],{"class":56},[42,47573,2513],{"class":834},[42,47575,57],{"class":56},[42,47577,61],{"class":60},[42,47579,47580],{"class":64},"+7",[42,47582,61],{"class":60},[42,47584,842],{"class":56},[42,47586,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47600,47602],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47588,284],{"class":52},[42,47590,57],{"class":56},[42,47592,2513],{"class":834},[42,47594,57],{"class":56},[42,47596,61],{"class":60},[42,47598,47599],{"class":64},"-100",[42,47601,61],{"class":60},[42,47603,842],{"class":56},[14,47605,2395],{},[33,47607,47609],{"className":35,"code":47608,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0\n7\n-100\n",[17,47610,47611,47616,47620],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47612,47613],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47614,47615],{"class":2348},"0\n",[42,47617,47618],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47619,2405],{"class":2348},[42,47621,47622,47624],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47623,2345],{"class":87},[42,47625,47626],{"class":2348},"100\n",[1073,47628,47630],{"id":47629},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[33,47632,47634],{"className":35,"code":47633,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[17,47635,47636,47674,47678,47690,47697,47711,47725],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47637,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667,47670,47672],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47639,4160],{"class":114},[42,47641,88],{"class":87},[42,47643,3957],{"class":56},[42,47645,61],{"class":60},[42,47647,40506],{"class":64},[42,47649,61],{"class":60},[42,47651,70],{"class":56},[42,47653,73],{"class":60},[42,47655,47656],{"class":64},"12abc",[42,47658,61],{"class":60},[42,47660,70],{"class":56},[42,47662,6472],{"class":60},[42,47664,70],{"class":56},[42,47666,73],{"class":60},[42,47668,47669],{"class":64},"seven",[42,47671,61],{"class":60},[42,47673,3970],{"class":56},[42,47675,47676],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47677,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,47679,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47681,6303],{"class":48},[42,47683,21942],{"class":114},[42,47685,1299],{"class":48},[42,47687,4223],{"class":114},[42,47689,108],{"class":56},[42,47691,47692,47695],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,47693,47694],{"class":48},"    try",[42,47696,108],{"class":56},[42,47698,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707,47709],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,47700,1308],{"class":52},[42,47702,57],{"class":56},[42,47704,2513],{"class":834},[42,47706,57],{"class":56},[42,47708,2803],{"class":125},[42,47710,842],{"class":56},[42,47712,47713,47716,47718,47720,47723],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,47714,47715],{"class":48},"    except",[42,47717,42289],{"class":834},[42,47719,101],{"class":48},[42,47721,47722],{"class":114}," error",[42,47724,108],{"class":56},[42,47726,47727,47729,47731,47733,47735,47737,47739,47742,47744,47747,47749,47752,47754,47756],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,47728,1308],{"class":52},[42,47730,57],{"class":56},[42,47732,22651],{"class":858},[42,47734,61],{"class":64},[42,47736,9628],{"class":2348},[42,47738,2803],{"class":125},[42,47740,47741],{"class":858},"!r",[42,47743,22660],{"class":2348},[42,47745,47746],{"class":64}," -> ",[42,47748,9628],{"class":2348},[42,47750,47751],{"class":125},"error",[42,47753,22660],{"class":2348},[42,47755,61],{"class":64},[42,47757,143],{"class":56},[14,47759,2395],{},[33,47761,47763],{"className":35,"code":47762,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[17,47764,47765,47801,47833,47858],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47766,47767,47769,47771,47773,47776,47779,47781,47783,47785,47788,47791,47793,47795,47797,47799],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47768,868],{"class":43690},[42,47770,40506],{"class":43694},[42,47772,868],{"class":43690},[42,47774,47775],{"class":37728}," ->",[42,47777,47778],{"class":114}," invalid literal ",[42,47780,6303],{"class":48},[42,47782,45639],{"class":834},[42,47784,7713],{"class":56},[42,47786,47787],{"class":48}," with",[42,47789,47790],{"class":114}," base ",[42,47792,2659],{"class":2348},[42,47794,1935],{"class":56},[42,47796,862],{"class":60},[42,47798,40506],{"class":64},[42,47800,30059],{"class":60},[42,47802,47803,47805,47807,47809,47811,47813,47815,47817,47819,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47804,868],{"class":60},[42,47806,47656],{"class":64},[42,47808,868],{"class":60},[42,47810,47775],{"class":37728},[42,47812,47778],{"class":114},[42,47814,6303],{"class":48},[42,47816,45639],{"class":834},[42,47818,7713],{"class":56},[42,47820,47787],{"class":48},[42,47822,47790],{"class":114},[42,47824,2659],{"class":2348},[42,47826,1935],{"class":56},[42,47828,862],{"class":60},[42,47830,47656],{"class":64},[42,47832,30059],{"class":60},[42,47834,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47836,4110],{"class":60},[42,47838,47775],{"class":37728},[42,47840,47778],{"class":114},[42,47842,6303],{"class":48},[42,47844,45639],{"class":834},[42,47846,7713],{"class":56},[42,47848,47787],{"class":48},[42,47850,47790],{"class":114},[42,47852,2659],{"class":2348},[42,47854,1935],{"class":56},[42,47856,47857],{"class":60}," ''\n",[42,47859,47860,47862,47864,47866,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,47861,868],{"class":60},[42,47863,47669],{"class":64},[42,47865,868],{"class":60},[42,47867,47775],{"class":37728},[42,47869,47778],{"class":114},[42,47871,6303],{"class":48},[42,47873,45639],{"class":834},[42,47875,7713],{"class":56},[42,47877,47787],{"class":48},[42,47879,47790],{"class":114},[42,47881,2659],{"class":2348},[42,47883,1935],{"class":56},[42,47885,862],{"class":60},[42,47887,47669],{"class":64},[42,47889,30059],{"class":60},[14,47891,47892,47893,47895,47896,122],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[693,47894,9331],{"href":9330}," and the ",[693,47897,47898,2631],{"href":8569},[17,47899,3289],{},[28,47901,1940,47903,47905],{"id":47902},"using-int-with-floats",[17,47904,3209],{}," with floats",[14,47907,47908,47909,47911],{},"When you pass a float to ",[17,47910,3209],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47913,47914,47915,1518,47917,47919],{},"Important: ",[17,47916,3209],{},[177,47918,179],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[33,47921,47923],{"className":35,"code":47922,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[17,47924,47925,47939,47954,47970],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47926,47927,47929,47931,47933,47935,47937],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47928,284],{"class":52},[42,47930,57],{"class":56},[42,47932,2513],{"class":834},[42,47934,57],{"class":56},[42,47936,42347],{"class":2348},[42,47938,842],{"class":56},[42,47940,47941,47943,47945,47947,47949,47952],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,47942,284],{"class":52},[42,47944,57],{"class":56},[42,47946,2513],{"class":834},[42,47948,57],{"class":56},[42,47950,47951],{"class":2348},"3.1",[42,47953,842],{"class":56},[42,47955,47956,47958,47960,47962,47964,47966,47968],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,47957,284],{"class":52},[42,47959,57],{"class":56},[42,47961,2513],{"class":834},[42,47963,57],{"class":56},[42,47965,2345],{"class":87},[42,47967,42347],{"class":2348},[42,47969,842],{"class":56},[42,47971,47972,47974,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,47973,284],{"class":52},[42,47975,57],{"class":56},[42,47977,2513],{"class":834},[42,47979,57],{"class":56},[42,47981,2345],{"class":87},[42,47983,47951],{"class":2348},[42,47985,842],{"class":56},[14,47987,2395],{},[33,47989,47991],{"className":35,"code":47990,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[17,47992,47993,47997,48001,48007],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,47994,47995],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,47996,46980],{"class":2348},[42,47998,47999],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48000,46980],{"class":2348},[42,48002,48003,48005],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,48004,2345],{"class":87},[42,48006,46980],{"class":2348},[42,48008,48009,48011],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,48010,2345],{"class":87},[42,48012,46980],{"class":2348},[14,48014,48015],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[167,48017,48018,48025],{},[170,48019,48020,42518,48023],{},[17,48021,48022],{},"int(3.9)",[17,48024,2387],{},[170,48026,48027,42518,48030],{},[17,48028,48029],{},"int(-3.9)",[17,48031,48032],{},"-3",[14,48034,48035,48036,48040,48041,122],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[693,48037,48038],{"href":3212},[17,48039,3215],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[693,48042,48043],{"href":42538},[17,48044,48045],{},"str()",[28,48047,1940,48049,48051],{"id":48048},"using-int-with-booleans",[17,48050,3209],{}," with booleans",[14,48053,48054],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[33,48056,48058],{"className":35,"code":48057,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[17,48059,48060,48074],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48061,48062,48064,48066,48068,48070,48072],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48063,284],{"class":52},[42,48065,57],{"class":56},[42,48067,2513],{"class":834},[42,48069,57],{"class":56},[42,48071,3937],{"class":4190},[42,48073,842],{"class":56},[42,48075,48076,48078,48080,48082,48084,48086],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48077,284],{"class":52},[42,48079,57],{"class":56},[42,48081,2513],{"class":834},[42,48083,57],{"class":56},[42,48085,4009],{"class":4190},[42,48087,842],{"class":56},[14,48089,2395],{},[33,48091,48093],{"className":35,"code":48092,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1\n0\n",[17,48094,48095,48099],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48096,48097],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48098,47280],{"class":2348},[42,48100,48101],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48102,47615],{"class":2348},[14,48104,48105],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[33,48107,48109],{"className":35,"code":48108,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,48110,48111,48120,48135,48139],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48112,48113,48116,48118],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48114,48115],{"class":114},"passed ",[42,48117,88],{"class":87},[42,48119,6769],{"class":4190},[42,48121,48122,48124,48126,48128,48130,48133],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48123,41545],{"class":114},[42,48125,88],{"class":87},[42,48127,45639],{"class":834},[42,48129,57],{"class":56},[42,48131,48132],{"class":125},"passed",[42,48134,143],{"class":56},[42,48136,48137],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,48138,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,48140,48141,48143,48145,48147],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,48142,284],{"class":52},[42,48144,57],{"class":56},[42,48146,41574],{"class":125},[42,48148,143],{"class":56},[14,48150,2395],{},[33,48152,48153],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,48154,48155],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48156,48157],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48158,47280],{"class":2348},[14,48160,48161,48162,122],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[693,48163,48164,2631],{"href":6125},[17,48165,4150],{},[28,48167,48169],{"id":48168},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,48171,48172,48173,48176],{},"Use the ",[17,48174,48175],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1073,48178,48180],{"id":48179},"binary-example","Binary example",[33,48182,48184],{"className":35,"code":48183,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[17,48185,48186],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48187,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200,48202,48204,48206],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48189,284],{"class":52},[42,48191,57],{"class":56},[42,48193,2513],{"class":834},[42,48195,57],{"class":56},[42,48197,61],{"class":60},[42,48199,46955],{"class":64},[42,48201,61],{"class":60},[42,48203,70],{"class":56},[42,48205,3325],{"class":2348},[42,48207,842],{"class":56},[14,48209,2395],{},[33,48211,48212],{"className":35,"code":3278,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,48213,48214],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48215,48216],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48217,3278],{"class":2348},[14,48219,48220,48223],{},[17,48221,48222],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[167,48225,48226,48231,48236],{},[170,48227,48228],{},[17,48229,48230],{},"1 × 4",[170,48232,48233],{},[17,48234,48235],{},"0 × 2",[170,48237,48238],{},[17,48239,48240],{},"1 × 1",[14,48242,48243,48244,122],{},"So the result is ",[17,48245,2461],{},[1073,48247,48249],{"id":48248},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[33,48251,48253],{"className":35,"code":48252,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[17,48254,48255],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48256,48257,48259,48261,48263,48265,48267,48269,48271,48273,48275],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48258,284],{"class":52},[42,48260,57],{"class":56},[42,48262,2513],{"class":834},[42,48264,57],{"class":56},[42,48266,61],{"class":60},[42,48268,47380],{"class":64},[42,48270,61],{"class":60},[42,48272,70],{"class":56},[42,48274,14345],{"class":2348},[42,48276,842],{"class":56},[14,48278,2395],{},[33,48280,48281],{"className":35,"code":47409,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,48282,48283],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48284,48285],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48286,47409],{"class":2348},[1073,48288,48290],{"id":48289},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,48292,2303,48293,48295],{},[17,48294,48175],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,48297,48298],{},"Good:",[33,48300,48301],{"className":35,"code":48183,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,48302,48303],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48304,48305,48307,48309,48311,48313,48315,48317,48319,48321,48323],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48306,284],{"class":52},[42,48308,57],{"class":56},[42,48310,2513],{"class":834},[42,48312,57],{"class":56},[42,48314,61],{"class":60},[42,48316,46955],{"class":64},[42,48318,61],{"class":60},[42,48320,70],{"class":56},[42,48322,3325],{"class":2348},[42,48324,842],{"class":56},[14,48326,48327],{},"Not correct:",[33,48329,48331],{"className":35,"code":48330,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# int(101, 2)\n",[17,48332,48333],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48334,48335],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48336,48330],{"class":525},[14,48338,48339,48340,8952,48342,48344],{},"That causes a ",[17,48341,3338],{},[17,48343,48175],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[28,48346,48348],{"id":48347},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,48350,48351,48352,48354,48355,1753,48357,122],{},"Two common errors with ",[17,48353,3209],{}," are ",[17,48356,41067],{},[17,48358,3338],{},[1073,48360,48361],{"id":41876},[17,48362,41067],{},[14,48364,48365],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,48367,219],{},[33,48369,48371],{"className":35,"code":48370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48372,48373,48379,48397,48409],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48374,48375,48377],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48376,30163],{"class":48},[42,48378,108],{"class":56},[42,48380,48381,48383,48385,48387,48389,48391,48393,48395],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48382,135],{"class":52},[42,48384,57],{"class":56},[42,48386,2513],{"class":834},[42,48388,57],{"class":56},[42,48390,61],{"class":60},[42,48392,40506],{"class":64},[42,48394,61],{"class":60},[42,48396,842],{"class":56},[42,48398,48399,48401,48403,48405,48407],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,48400,30194],{"class":48},[42,48402,42289],{"class":834},[42,48404,101],{"class":48},[42,48406,47722],{"class":114},[42,48408,108],{"class":56},[42,48410,48411,48413,48415,48417],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,48412,135],{"class":52},[42,48414,57],{"class":56},[42,48416,47751],{"class":125},[42,48418,143],{"class":56},[14,48420,2395],{},[33,48422,48424],{"className":35,"code":48423,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[17,48425,48426],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48427,48428,48431,48433,48435,48437,48439,48441,48443,48445,48447,48449],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48429,48430],{"class":114},"invalid literal ",[42,48432,6303],{"class":48},[42,48434,45639],{"class":834},[42,48436,7713],{"class":56},[42,48438,47787],{"class":48},[42,48440,47790],{"class":114},[42,48442,2659],{"class":2348},[42,48444,1935],{"class":56},[42,48446,862],{"class":60},[42,48448,40506],{"class":64},[42,48450,30059],{"class":60},[14,48452,48453,48454,48457,48458,48460],{},"A decimal string like ",[17,48455,48456],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[17,48459,3209],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[33,48462,48464],{"className":35,"code":48463,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[17,48465,48466],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48467,48468,48470,48472,48474,48476,48478,48480,48482,48484,48486],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48469,284],{"class":52},[42,48471,57],{"class":56},[42,48473,2513],{"class":834},[42,48475,57],{"class":56},[42,48477,2517],{"class":834},[42,48479,57],{"class":56},[42,48481,61],{"class":60},[42,48483,40506],{"class":64},[42,48485,61],{"class":60},[42,48487,3243],{"class":56},[14,48489,2395],{},[33,48491,48492],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,48493,48494],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48495,48496],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48497,46980],{"class":2348},[14,48499,48500,48501,1753,48504,122],{},"If you see this often, read ",[693,48502,48503],{"href":3293},"how to convert string to int in Python",[693,48505,26037,48506],{"href":46279},[17,48507,46280],{},[1073,48509,48510],{"id":41942},[17,48511,3338],{},[14,48513,48514],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,48516,219],{},[33,48518,48520],{"className":35,"code":48519,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48521,48522,48528,48542,48555],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48523,48524,48526],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48525,30163],{"class":48},[42,48527,108],{"class":56},[42,48529,48530,48532,48534,48536,48538,48540],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48531,135],{"class":52},[42,48533,57],{"class":56},[42,48535,2513],{"class":834},[42,48537,57],{"class":56},[42,48539,4115],{"class":4190},[42,48541,842],{"class":56},[42,48543,48544,48546,48549,48551,48553],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,48545,30194],{"class":48},[42,48547,48548],{"class":834}," TypeError",[42,48550,101],{"class":48},[42,48552,47722],{"class":114},[42,48554,108],{"class":56},[42,48556,48557,48559,48561,48563],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,48558,135],{"class":52},[42,48560,57],{"class":56},[42,48562,47751],{"class":125},[42,48564,143],{"class":56},[14,48566,2395],{},[33,48568,48570],{"className":35,"code":48569,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[17,48571,48572],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48573,48574,48576,48578,48581,48583,48585,48588,48590,48593,48595,48598,48600,48602,48604,48606,48609],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48575,2513],{"class":834},[42,48577,7713],{"class":56},[42,48579,48580],{"class":114}," argument must be a string",[42,48582,70],{"class":56},[42,48584,44907],{"class":114},[42,48586,48587],{"class":834},"bytes",[42,48589,2345],{"class":87},[42,48591,48592],{"class":114},"like ",[42,48594,42762],{"class":834},[42,48596,48597],{"class":87}," or",[42,48599,41203],{"class":114},[42,48601,70],{"class":56},[42,48603,8449],{"class":87},[42,48605,862],{"class":60},[42,48607,48608],{"class":64},"NoneType",[42,48610,30059],{"class":60},[14,48612,48613,48614,48616],{},"Another example is using the ",[17,48615,48175],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[33,48618,48620],{"className":35,"code":48619,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48621,48622,48628,48646,48658],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48623,48624,48626],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48625,30163],{"class":48},[42,48627,108],{"class":56},[42,48629,48630,48632,48634,48636,48638,48640,48642,48644],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48631,135],{"class":52},[42,48633,57],{"class":56},[42,48635,2513],{"class":834},[42,48637,57],{"class":56},[42,48639,46955],{"class":2348},[42,48641,70],{"class":56},[42,48643,3325],{"class":2348},[42,48645,842],{"class":56},[42,48647,48648,48650,48652,48654,48656],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,48649,30194],{"class":48},[42,48651,48548],{"class":834},[42,48653,101],{"class":48},[42,48655,47722],{"class":114},[42,48657,108],{"class":56},[42,48659,48660,48662,48664,48666],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,48661,135],{"class":52},[42,48663,57],{"class":56},[42,48665,47751],{"class":125},[42,48667,143],{"class":56},[14,48669,2395],{},[33,48671,48673],{"className":35,"code":48672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[17,48674,48675],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48676,48677,48679,48681,48684,48686],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48678,2513],{"class":834},[42,48680,7713],{"class":56},[42,48682,48683],{"class":114}," can",[42,48685,868],{"class":60},[42,48687,48688],{"class":64},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[28,48690,5303,48692],{"id":48691},"when-to-use-int",[17,48693,3209],{},[14,48695,146,48696,48698],{},[17,48697,3209],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,48700,48701],{},"Common uses:",[167,48703,48704,48710,48713,48716],{},[170,48705,48706,48707,48709],{},"Convert user input from ",[17,48708,3289],{}," into integers",[170,48711,48712],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[170,48714,48715],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[170,48717,48718,48719,36976],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[17,48720,48175],{},[14,48722,48723],{},"Example with user input:",[33,48725,48727],{"className":35,"code":48726,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[17,48728,48729,48743,48758,48762],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48730,48731,48734,48736,48738,48741],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48732,48733],{"class":114},"age_text ",[42,48735,88],{"class":87},[42,48737,73],{"class":60},[42,48739,48740],{"class":64},"18",[42,48742,3689],{"class":60},[42,48744,48745,48747,48749,48751,48753,48756],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48746,21986],{"class":114},[42,48748,88],{"class":87},[42,48750,45639],{"class":834},[42,48752,57],{"class":56},[42,48754,48755],{"class":125},"age_text",[42,48757,143],{"class":56},[42,48759,48760],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,48761,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,48763,48764,48766,48768,48770,48772,48774],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,48765,284],{"class":52},[42,48767,57],{"class":56},[42,48769,21986],{"class":125},[42,48771,2384],{"class":87},[42,48773,5842],{"class":2348},[42,48775,143],{"class":56},[14,48777,2395],{},[33,48779,48781],{"className":35,"code":48780,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"19\n",[17,48782,48783],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48784,48785],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48786,48780],{"class":2348},[28,48788,1929],{"id":1928},[14,48790,15090,48791,122],{},[17,48792,3209],{},[1073,48794,48796],{"id":48795},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48798,48799],{},"This fails:",[33,48801,48803],{"className":35,"code":48802,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[17,48804,48805],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48806,48807],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48808,48802],{"class":525},[14,48810,48811,48812,48815],{},"Why: ",[17,48813,48814],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48817,19199],{},[33,48819,48821],{"className":35,"code":48820,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[17,48822,48823],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48824,48825,48827,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837,48839,48841,48843],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48826,284],{"class":52},[42,48828,57],{"class":56},[42,48830,2513],{"class":834},[42,48832,57],{"class":56},[42,48834,2517],{"class":834},[42,48836,57],{"class":56},[42,48838,61],{"class":60},[42,48840,41486],{"class":64},[42,48842,61],{"class":60},[42,48844,3243],{"class":56},[1073,48846,48848],{"id":48847},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48850,48799],{},[33,48852,48854],{"className":35,"code":48853,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[17,48855,48856],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48857,48858],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48859,48853],{"class":525},[14,48861,48862],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1073,48864,48866,48867],{"id":48865},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[17,48868,48869],{},"int(None)",[14,48871,48872,48873,48875],{},"This fails because ",[17,48874,4115],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[33,48877,48879],{"className":35,"code":48878,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[17,48880,48881,48890,48894,48900,48914,48926],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48882,48883,48885,48887],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48884,2776],{"class":114},[42,48886,88],{"class":87},[42,48888,48889],{"class":4190}," None\n",[42,48891,48892],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,48893,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,48895,48896,48898],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,48897,30163],{"class":48},[42,48899,108],{"class":56},[42,48901,48902,48904,48906,48908,48910,48912],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,48903,135],{"class":52},[42,48905,57],{"class":56},[42,48907,2513],{"class":834},[42,48909,57],{"class":56},[42,48911,2803],{"class":125},[42,48913,842],{"class":56},[42,48915,48916,48918,48920,48922,48924],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,48917,30194],{"class":48},[42,48919,48548],{"class":834},[42,48921,101],{"class":48},[42,48923,47722],{"class":114},[42,48925,108],{"class":56},[42,48927,48928,48930,48932,48934],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,48929,135],{"class":52},[42,48931,57],{"class":56},[42,48933,47751],{"class":125},[42,48935,143],{"class":56},[1073,48937,48939],{"id":48938},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48941,48799],{},[33,48943,48944],{"className":35,"code":48330,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,48945,48946],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48947,48948],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48949,48330],{"class":525},[14,48951,48952],{},"Use a string instead:",[33,48954,48955],{"className":35,"code":48183,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,48956,48957],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48958,48959,48961,48963,48965,48967,48969,48971,48973,48975,48977],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48960,284],{"class":52},[42,48962,57],{"class":56},[42,48964,2513],{"class":834},[42,48966,57],{"class":56},[42,48968,61],{"class":60},[42,48970,46955],{"class":64},[42,48972,61],{"class":60},[42,48974,70],{"class":56},[42,48976,3325],{"class":2348},[42,48978,842],{"class":56},[1073,48980,8803,48982,48984],{"id":48981},"expecting-int-to-round",[17,48983,3209],{}," to round",[14,48986,48987],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[33,48989,48991],{"className":35,"code":48990,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(int(4.9))\n",[17,48992,48993],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,48994,48995,48997,48999,49001,49003,49006],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,48996,284],{"class":52},[42,48998,57],{"class":56},[42,49000,2513],{"class":834},[42,49002,57],{"class":56},[42,49004,49005],{"class":2348},"4.9",[42,49007,842],{"class":56},[14,49009,2395],{},[33,49011,49013],{"className":35,"code":49012,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"4\n",[17,49014,49015],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49016,49017],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49018,49012],{"class":2348},[14,49020,3503,49021,49023,49024,49026],{},[17,49022,2461],{},", remember that ",[17,49025,3209],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[28,49028,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,49030,13060,49032,49034],{"id":49031},"does-int-round-numbers",[17,49033,3209],{}," round numbers?",[14,49036,46728,49037,49039],{},[17,49038,3209],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1073,49041,5501,49043,49046],{"id":49042},"why-does-int314-fail",[17,49044,49045],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,49048,29420,49049,49051,49052,49054,49055,40292],{},[17,49050,48456],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[17,49053,3215],{}," first, then use ",[17,49056,3209],{},[1073,49058,5485,49060,13072],{"id":49059},"what-does-inttrue-return",[17,49061,49062],{},"int(True)",[14,49064,5491,49065,28672,49067,42518,49069,122],{},[17,49066,3320],{},[17,49068,4009],{},[17,49070,2445],{},[1073,49072,49074],{"id":49073},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,49076,49077],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[28,49079,2205],{"id":2204},[167,49081,49082,49088,49094,49100,49105,49109,49115],{},[170,49083,49084],{},[693,49085,49086,3841],{"href":3212},[17,49087,3215],{},[170,49089,49090],{},[693,49091,49092,3841],{"href":42538},[17,49093,48045],{},[170,49095,49096],{},[693,49097,49098,3841],{"href":6125},[17,49099,4150],{},[170,49101,49102],{},[693,49103,49104],{"href":3293},"How to convert string to int in Python",[170,49106,49107],{},[693,49108,9408],{"href":9330},[170,49110,49111],{},[693,49112,49113,3841],{"href":8569},[17,49114,3289],{},[170,49116,49117],{},[693,49118,30706,49119],{"href":46279},[17,49120,46280],{},[2245,49122,49123],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":49125},[49126,49127,49129,49133,49138,49140,49142,49147,49151,49153,49162,49171],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":46992,"depth":111,"text":49128},"What int() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":49130},[49131,49132],{"id":47183,"depth":132,"text":47186},{"id":47283,"depth":132,"text":47286},{"id":47419,"depth":111,"text":49134,"children":49135},"Using int() with strings",[49136,49137],{"id":47541,"depth":132,"text":47542},{"id":47629,"depth":132,"text":47630},{"id":47902,"depth":111,"text":49139},"Using int() with floats",{"id":48048,"depth":111,"text":49141},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48168,"depth":111,"text":48169,"children":49143},[49144,49145,49146],{"id":48179,"depth":132,"text":48180},{"id":48248,"depth":132,"text":48249},{"id":48289,"depth":132,"text":48290},{"id":48347,"depth":111,"text":48348,"children":49148},[49149,49150],{"id":41876,"depth":132,"text":41067},{"id":41942,"depth":132,"text":3338},{"id":48691,"depth":111,"text":49152},"When to use int()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":49154},[49155,49156,49157,49159,49160],{"id":48795,"depth":132,"text":48796},{"id":48847,"depth":132,"text":48848},{"id":48865,"depth":132,"text":49158},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48938,"depth":132,"text":48939},{"id":48981,"depth":132,"text":49161},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":49163},[49164,49166,49168,49170],{"id":49031,"depth":132,"text":49165},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":49042,"depth":132,"text":49167},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":49059,"depth":132,"text":49169},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":49073,"depth":132,"text":49074},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42459,"description":49172},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49179,"title":49180,"body":49181,"description":51017,"extension":2285,"meta":51018,"navigation":2287,"path":45165,"seo":51019,"stem":51020,"__hash__":51021},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49182,"toc":50973},[49183,49188,49193,49201,49210,49212,49271,49277,49282,49287,49290,49318,49321,49324,49335,49345,49347,49349,49369,49373,49401,49403,49442,49444,49452,49454,49457,49461,49514,49516,49528,49532,49589,49591,49603,49609,49615,49619,49622,49625,49691,49693,49705,49711,49713,49765,49768,49809,49812,49819,49828,49834,49837,49870,49876,49879,49910,49916,49919,49931,49935,49940,49944,50102,50104,50119,50122,50126,50230,50232,50249,50253,50314,50316,50324,50327,50331,50398,50400,50409,50415,50417,50426,50428,50463,50468,50470,50500,50504,50506,50543,50546,50548,50585,50591,50593,50643,50645,50653,50663,50669,50673,50678,50727,50729,50742,50745,50747,50750,50825,50828,50847,50850,50880,50890,50892,50897,50904,50910,50916,50923,50931,50937,50940,50942,50970],[10,49184,3908,49186,3912],{"id":49185},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[17,49187,45168],{},[14,49189,49190,49192],{},[17,49191,45168],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,49194,49195,49196,1327,49198,49200],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[17,49197,3937],{},[17,49199,4009],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,49202,49203,49204,49206,49207,49209],{},"In many cases, ",[17,49205,45168],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[17,49208,2630],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[28,49211,3942],{"id":3941},[33,49213,49215],{"className":35,"code":49214,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[17,49216,49217,49225,49229,49250],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49218,49219,49221,49223],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49220,2776],{"class":114},[42,49222,88],{"class":87},[42,49224,2919],{"class":2348},[42,49226,49227],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49228,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,49230,49231,49233,49235,49238,49240,49242,49244,49246,49248],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49232,284],{"class":52},[42,49234,57],{"class":56},[42,49236,49237],{"class":52},"isinstance",[42,49239,57],{"class":56},[42,49241,2803],{"class":125},[42,49243,70],{"class":56},[42,49245,45639],{"class":834},[42,49247,5705],{"class":56},[42,49249,44217],{"class":525},[42,49251,49252,49254,49256,49258,49260,49262,49264,49267,49269],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,49253,284],{"class":52},[42,49255,57],{"class":56},[42,49257,49237],{"class":52},[42,49259,57],{"class":56},[42,49261,2803],{"class":125},[42,49263,70],{"class":56},[42,49265,49266],{"class":834}," str",[42,49268,5705],{"class":56},[42,49270,44234],{"class":525},[14,49272,146,49273,49276],{},[17,49274,49275],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[28,49278,4013,49280,4016],{"id":49279},"what-isinstance-does",[17,49281,45168],{},[14,49283,49284,49286],{},[17,49285,45168],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,49288,49289],{},"It:",[167,49291,49292,49295,49301,49304],{},[170,49293,49294],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[170,49296,11778,49297,1327,49299],{},[17,49298,3937],{},[17,49300,4009],{},[170,49302,49303],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[170,49305,49306,49307,2514,49309,2514,49311,2514,49313,17431,49316],{},"Is commonly used with ",[17,49308,3775],{},[17,49310,2513],{},[17,49312,8443],{},[17,49314,49315],{},"tuple",[17,49317,9171],{},[14,49319,49320],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,49322,49323],{},"For example, you might want to:",[167,49325,49326,49329,49332],{},[170,49327,49328],{},"loop through a list",[170,49330,49331],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[170,49333,49334],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,49336,49337,49338,1327,49341,122],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[693,49339,45160],{"href":49340},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[693,49342,49344],{"href":49343},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[28,49346,312],{"id":311},[14,49348,2484],{},[33,49350,49352],{"className":35,"code":49351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[17,49353,49354],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49355,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49367],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49357,49237],{"class":52},[42,49359,57],{"class":56},[42,49361,42762],{"class":834},[42,49363,70],{"class":56},[42,49365,49366],{"class":125}," classinfo",[42,49368,143],{"class":56},[1073,49370,49372],{"id":49371},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[167,49374,49375,49380,49394],{},[170,49376,49377,49379],{},[17,49378,42762],{}," is the value you want to test",[170,49381,49382,49385,49386,2514,49388,2514,49390,2518,49392],{},[17,49383,49384],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[17,49387,2513],{},[17,49389,3775],{},[17,49391,8443],{},[17,49393,9171],{},[170,49395,49396,49397,1327,49399],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[17,49398,3937],{},[17,49400,4009],{},[14,49402,219],{},[33,49404,49406],{"className":35,"code":49405,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[17,49407,49408,49420,49424],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49409,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49411,8226],{"class":114},[42,49413,88],{"class":87},[42,49415,73],{"class":60},[42,49417,11863],{"class":64},[42,49419,3689],{"class":60},[42,49421,49422],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49423,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,49425,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49427,284],{"class":52},[42,49429,57],{"class":56},[42,49431,49237],{"class":52},[42,49433,57],{"class":56},[42,49435,8016],{"class":125},[42,49437,70],{"class":56},[42,49439,49266],{"class":834},[42,49441,842],{"class":56},[14,49443,2395],{},[33,49445,49446],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,49447,49448],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49449,49450],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49451,4318],{"class":4190},[28,49453,11829],{"id":11828},[14,49455,49456],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1073,49458,49460],{"id":49459},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[33,49462,49464],{"className":35,"code":49463,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[17,49465,49466,49474,49478,49496],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49467,49468,49470,49472],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49469,2776],{"class":114},[42,49471,88],{"class":87},[42,49473,45588],{"class":2348},[42,49475,49476],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49477,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,49479,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49481,284],{"class":52},[42,49483,57],{"class":56},[42,49485,49237],{"class":52},[42,49487,57],{"class":56},[42,49489,2803],{"class":125},[42,49491,70],{"class":56},[42,49493,45639],{"class":834},[42,49495,842],{"class":56},[42,49497,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,49499,284],{"class":52},[42,49501,57],{"class":56},[42,49503,49237],{"class":52},[42,49505,57],{"class":56},[42,49507,2803],{"class":125},[42,49509,70],{"class":56},[42,49511,49266],{"class":834},[42,49513,842],{"class":56},[14,49515,2395],{},[33,49517,49518],{"className":35,"code":44536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,49519,49520,49524],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49521,49522],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49523,4318],{"class":4190},[42,49525,49526],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49527,4379],{"class":4190},[1073,49529,49531],{"id":49530},"check-text","Check text",[33,49533,49535],{"className":35,"code":49534,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[17,49536,49537,49549,49553,49571],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49538,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49540,35048],{"class":114},[42,49542,88],{"class":87},[42,49544,73],{"class":60},[42,49546,4183],{"class":64},[42,49548,3689],{"class":60},[42,49550,49551],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49552,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,49554,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49556,284],{"class":52},[42,49558,57],{"class":56},[42,49560,49237],{"class":52},[42,49562,57],{"class":56},[42,49564,444],{"class":125},[42,49566,70],{"class":56},[42,49568,49266],{"class":834},[42,49570,842],{"class":56},[42,49572,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,49574,284],{"class":52},[42,49576,57],{"class":56},[42,49578,49237],{"class":52},[42,49580,57],{"class":56},[42,49582,444],{"class":125},[42,49584,70],{"class":56},[42,49586,45639],{"class":834},[42,49588,842],{"class":56},[14,49590,2395],{},[33,49592,49593],{"className":35,"code":44536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,49594,49595,49599],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49596,49597],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49598,4318],{"class":4190},[42,49600,49601],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49602,4379],{"class":4190},[14,49604,49605,49606,49608],{},"In both examples, ",[17,49607,45168],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,49610,49611,49612,122],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[693,49613,49614],{"href":3293},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[28,49616,49618],{"id":49617},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,49620,49621],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,49623,49624],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[33,49626,49628],{"className":35,"code":49627,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[17,49629,49630,49639,49643,49667],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49631,49632,49634,49636],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49633,2776],{"class":114},[42,49635,88],{"class":87},[42,49637,49638],{"class":2348}," 3.5\n",[42,49640,49641],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49642,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,49644,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49646,284],{"class":52},[42,49648,57],{"class":56},[42,49650,49237],{"class":52},[42,49652,57],{"class":56},[42,49654,2803],{"class":125},[42,49656,70],{"class":56},[42,49658,9586],{"class":56},[42,49660,2513],{"class":834},[42,49662,70],{"class":56},[42,49664,40618],{"class":834},[42,49666,3243],{"class":56},[42,49668,49669,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679,49681,49683,49685,49687,49689],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,49670,284],{"class":52},[42,49672,57],{"class":56},[42,49674,49237],{"class":52},[42,49676,57],{"class":56},[42,49678,2803],{"class":125},[42,49680,70],{"class":56},[42,49682,9586],{"class":56},[42,49684,3775],{"class":834},[42,49686,70],{"class":56},[42,49688,22917],{"class":834},[42,49690,3243],{"class":56},[14,49692,2395],{},[33,49694,49695],{"className":35,"code":44536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,49696,49697,49701],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49698,49699],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49700,4318],{"class":4190},[42,49702,49703],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49704,4379],{"class":4190},[14,49706,49707,49708,49710],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[17,49709,41200],{}," conditions.",[14,49712,8648],{},[33,49714,49716],{"className":35,"code":49715,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[17,49717,49718,49726,49730],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49719,49720,49722,49724],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49721,2776],{"class":114},[42,49723,88],{"class":87},[42,49725,49638],{"class":2348},[42,49727,49728],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49729,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,49731,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740,49742,49744,49746,49748,49750,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49733,284],{"class":52},[42,49735,57],{"class":56},[42,49737,835],{"class":834},[42,49739,57],{"class":56},[42,49741,2803],{"class":125},[42,49743,98],{"class":56},[42,49745,6754],{"class":87},[42,49747,45639],{"class":834},[42,49749,48597],{"class":48},[42,49751,49752],{"class":834}," type",[42,49754,57],{"class":56},[42,49756,2803],{"class":125},[42,49758,98],{"class":56},[42,49760,6754],{"class":87},[42,49762,40618],{"class":834},[42,49764,143],{"class":56},[14,49766,49767],{},"you can write this:",[33,49769,49771],{"className":35,"code":49770,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[17,49772,49773,49781,49785],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49774,49775,49777,49779],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49776,2776],{"class":114},[42,49778,88],{"class":87},[42,49780,49638],{"class":2348},[42,49782,49783],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49784,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,49786,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49788,284],{"class":52},[42,49790,57],{"class":56},[42,49792,49237],{"class":52},[42,49794,57],{"class":56},[42,49796,2803],{"class":125},[42,49798,70],{"class":56},[42,49800,9586],{"class":56},[42,49802,2513],{"class":834},[42,49804,70],{"class":56},[42,49806,40618],{"class":834},[42,49808,3243],{"class":56},[14,49810,49811],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[28,49813,49815,10937,49817],{"id":49814},"isinstance-vs-type",[17,49816,45168],{},[17,49818,2630],{},[14,49820,10942,49821,1753,49823,49827],{},[17,49822,45168],{},[693,49824,49825],{"href":2627},[17,49826,2630],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1073,49829,49831],{"id":49830},"typevalue-int",[17,49832,49833],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49835,49836],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[33,49838,49840],{"className":35,"code":49839,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[17,49841,49842,49850],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49843,49844,49846,49848],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49845,2776],{"class":114},[42,49847,88],{"class":87},[42,49849,2919],{"class":2348},[42,49851,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49853,284],{"class":52},[42,49855,57],{"class":56},[42,49857,835],{"class":834},[42,49859,57],{"class":56},[42,49861,2803],{"class":125},[42,49863,98],{"class":56},[42,49865,6754],{"class":87},[42,49867,45639],{"class":834},[42,49869,143],{"class":56},[1073,49871,49873],{"id":49872},"isinstancevalue-int",[17,49874,49875],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49877,49878],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[33,49880,49882],{"className":35,"code":49881,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,49883,49884,49892],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49885,49886,49888,49890],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49887,2776],{"class":114},[42,49889,88],{"class":87},[42,49891,2919],{"class":2348},[42,49893,49894,49896,49898,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49895,284],{"class":52},[42,49897,57],{"class":56},[42,49899,49237],{"class":52},[42,49901,57],{"class":56},[42,49903,2803],{"class":125},[42,49905,70],{"class":56},[42,49907,45639],{"class":834},[42,49909,842],{"class":56},[14,49911,49912,49913,49915],{},"For beginners, ",[17,49914,45168],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49917,49918],{},"In everyday code:",[167,49920,49921,49926],{},[170,49922,40353,49923,49925],{},[17,49924,2630],{}," when you need the exact type",[170,49927,40353,49928,49930],{},[17,49929,45168],{}," when you want a practical type check",[28,49932,49934],{"id":49933},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49936,49937,49938,122],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[17,49939,45168],{},[1073,49941,49943],{"id":49942},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[33,49945,49947],{"className":35,"code":49946,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[17,49948,49949,49967,49986,49998,50003,50021,50032,50036,50048,50052,50076],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,49950,49951,49953,49956,49958,49960,49962,49965],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,49952,35211],{"class":858},[42,49954,49955],{"class":35214}," repeat_text",[42,49957,57],{"class":56},[42,49959,444],{"class":38024},[42,49961,70],{"class":56},[42,49963,49964],{"class":38024}," count",[42,49966,8692],{"class":56},[42,49968,49969,49971,49973,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,49970,6744],{"class":48},[42,49972,8449],{"class":87},[42,49974,49975],{"class":52}," isinstance",[42,49977,57],{"class":56},[42,49979,444],{"class":125},[42,49981,70],{"class":56},[42,49983,49266],{"class":834},[42,49985,8692],{"class":56},[42,49987,49988,49991,49993,49996],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,49989,49990],{"class":48},"        return",[42,49992,73],{"class":60},[42,49994,49995],{"class":64},"text must be a string",[42,49997,3689],{"class":60},[42,49999,50000],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,50001,50002],{"class":114},"    \n",[42,50004,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,50006,6744],{"class":48},[42,50008,8449],{"class":87},[42,50010,49975],{"class":52},[42,50012,57],{"class":56},[42,50014,41622],{"class":125},[42,50016,70],{"class":56},[42,50018,45639],{"class":834},[42,50020,8692],{"class":56},[42,50022,50023,50025,50027,50030],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,50024,49990],{"class":48},[42,50026,73],{"class":60},[42,50028,50029],{"class":64},"count must be an integer",[42,50031,3689],{"class":60},[42,50033,50034],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,50035,50002],{"class":114},[42,50037,50038,50040,50043,50045],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,50039,35222],{"class":48},[42,50041,50042],{"class":114}," text ",[42,50044,40235],{"class":87},[42,50046,50047],{"class":114}," count\n",[42,50049,50050],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,50051,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,50053,50054,50056,50058,50061,50063,50065,50068,50070,50072,50074],{"class":44,"line":6783},[42,50055,284],{"class":52},[42,50057,57],{"class":56},[42,50059,50060],{"class":125},"repeat_text",[42,50062,57],{"class":56},[42,50064,61],{"class":60},[42,50066,50067],{"class":64},"Hi ",[42,50069,61],{"class":60},[42,50071,70],{"class":56},[42,50073,2781],{"class":2348},[42,50075,842],{"class":56},[42,50077,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098,50100],{"class":44,"line":11949},[42,50079,284],{"class":52},[42,50081,57],{"class":56},[42,50083,50060],{"class":125},[42,50085,57],{"class":56},[42,50087,61],{"class":60},[42,50089,50067],{"class":64},[42,50091,61],{"class":60},[42,50093,70],{"class":56},[42,50095,73],{"class":60},[42,50097,2387],{"class":64},[42,50099,61],{"class":60},[42,50101,842],{"class":56},[14,50103,2395],{},[33,50105,50107],{"className":35,"code":50106,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[17,50108,50109,50114],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50110,50111],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50112,50113],{"class":114},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[42,50115,50116],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50117,50118],{"class":114},"count must be an integer\n",[14,50120,50121],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1073,50123,50125],{"id":50124},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[33,50127,50129],{"className":35,"code":50128,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[17,50130,50131,50163,50167,50183,50198,50215],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50132,50133,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50134,2776],{"class":114},[42,50136,88],{"class":87},[42,50138,3957],{"class":56},[42,50140,61],{"class":60},[42,50142,693],{"class":64},[42,50144,61],{"class":60},[42,50146,70],{"class":56},[42,50148,73],{"class":60},[42,50150,5102],{"class":64},[42,50152,61],{"class":60},[42,50154,70],{"class":56},[42,50156,73],{"class":60},[42,50158,10090],{"class":64},[42,50160,61],{"class":60},[42,50162,3970],{"class":56},[42,50164,50165],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50166,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,50168,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177,50179,50181],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,50170,7345],{"class":48},[42,50172,49975],{"class":52},[42,50174,57],{"class":56},[42,50176,2803],{"class":125},[42,50178,70],{"class":56},[42,50180,49266],{"class":834},[42,50182,8692],{"class":56},[42,50184,50185,50187,50189,50191,50194,50196],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,50186,135],{"class":52},[42,50188,57],{"class":56},[42,50190,61],{"class":60},[42,50192,50193],{"class":64},"This is text",[42,50195,61],{"class":60},[42,50197,143],{"class":56},[42,50199,50200,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,50201,50202],{"class":48},"elif",[42,50204,49975],{"class":52},[42,50206,57],{"class":56},[42,50208,2803],{"class":125},[42,50210,70],{"class":56},[42,50212,22917],{"class":834},[42,50214,8692],{"class":56},[42,50216,50217,50219,50221,50223,50226,50228],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,50218,135],{"class":52},[42,50220,57],{"class":56},[42,50222,61],{"class":60},[42,50224,50225],{"class":64},"This is a list",[42,50227,61],{"class":60},[42,50229,143],{"class":56},[14,50231,2395],{},[33,50233,50235],{"className":35,"code":50234,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"This is a list\n",[17,50236,50237],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50238,50239,50242,50244,50246],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50240,50241],{"class":114},"This ",[42,50243,12549],{"class":87},[42,50245,44907],{"class":114},[42,50247,50248],{"class":834},"list\n",[1073,50250,50252],{"id":50251},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[33,50254,50256],{"className":35,"code":50255,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[17,50257,50258,50270,50274,50290,50304],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50259,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50261,2776],{"class":114},[42,50263,88],{"class":87},[42,50265,73],{"class":60},[42,50267,46889],{"class":64},[42,50269,3689],{"class":60},[42,50271,50272],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50273,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,50275,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,50277,7345],{"class":48},[42,50279,49975],{"class":52},[42,50281,57],{"class":56},[42,50283,2803],{"class":125},[42,50285,70],{"class":56},[42,50287,49266],{"class":834},[42,50289,8692],{"class":56},[42,50291,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,50293,42253],{"class":114},[42,50295,88],{"class":87},[42,50297,45639],{"class":834},[42,50299,57],{"class":56},[42,50301,2803],{"class":125},[42,50303,143],{"class":56},[42,50305,50306,50308,50310,50312],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,50307,135],{"class":52},[42,50309,57],{"class":56},[42,50311,2565],{"class":125},[42,50313,143],{"class":56},[14,50315,2395],{},[33,50317,50318],{"className":35,"code":46975,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,50319,50320],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50321,50322],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50323,46975],{"class":2348},[14,50325,50326],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1073,50328,50330],{"id":50329},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[33,50332,50334],{"className":35,"code":50333,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[17,50335,50336,50360,50364,50380],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50337,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50339,2776],{"class":114},[42,50341,88],{"class":87},[42,50343,10842],{"class":56},[42,50345,61],{"class":60},[42,50347,8016],{"class":64},[42,50349,61],{"class":60},[42,50351,1935],{"class":56},[42,50353,73],{"class":60},[42,50355,13237],{"class":64},[42,50357,61],{"class":60},[42,50359,9659],{"class":56},[42,50361,50362],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50363,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,50365,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,50367,7345],{"class":48},[42,50369,49975],{"class":52},[42,50371,57],{"class":56},[42,50373,2803],{"class":125},[42,50375,70],{"class":56},[42,50377,9521],{"class":834},[42,50379,8692],{"class":56},[42,50381,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394,50396],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,50383,135],{"class":52},[42,50385,57],{"class":56},[42,50387,2803],{"class":125},[42,50389,4238],{"class":56},[42,50391,61],{"class":60},[42,50393,8016],{"class":64},[42,50395,61],{"class":60},[42,50397,4226],{"class":56},[14,50399,2395],{},[33,50401,50403],{"className":35,"code":50402,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Ana\n",[17,50404,50405],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50406,50407],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50408,50402],{"class":114},[14,50410,50411,50412,50414],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[17,50413,3338],{}," messages later.",[28,50416,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,50418,50420,50421,11445,50424],{"id":50419},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[17,50422,50423],{},"\"int\"",[17,50425,2513],{},[14,50427,17002],{},[33,50429,50431],{"className":35,"code":50430,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[17,50432,50433,50441],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50434,50435,50437,50439],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50436,2776],{"class":114},[42,50438,88],{"class":87},[42,50440,2919],{"class":2348},[42,50442,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50444,284],{"class":52},[42,50446,57],{"class":56},[42,50448,49237],{"class":52},[42,50450,57],{"class":56},[42,50452,2803],{"class":125},[42,50454,70],{"class":56},[42,50456,73],{"class":60},[42,50458,2513],{"class":64},[42,50460,61],{"class":60},[42,50462,842],{"class":56},[14,50464,50465,50467],{},[17,50466,50423],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,50469,17014],{},[33,50471,50472],{"className":35,"code":49881,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,50473,50474,50482],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50475,50476,50478,50480],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50477,2776],{"class":114},[42,50479,88],{"class":87},[42,50481,2919],{"class":2348},[42,50483,50484,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50485,284],{"class":52},[42,50487,57],{"class":56},[42,50489,49237],{"class":52},[42,50491,57],{"class":56},[42,50493,2803],{"class":125},[42,50495,70],{"class":56},[42,50497,45639],{"class":834},[42,50499,842],{"class":56},[1073,50501,50503],{"id":50502},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,50505,17002],{},[33,50507,50509],{"className":35,"code":50508,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[17,50510,50511,50519],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50512,50513,50515,50517],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50514,2776],{"class":114},[42,50516,88],{"class":87},[42,50518,35202],{"class":2348},[42,50520,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539,50541],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50522,284],{"class":52},[42,50524,57],{"class":56},[42,50526,49237],{"class":52},[42,50528,57],{"class":56},[42,50530,2803],{"class":125},[42,50532,70],{"class":56},[42,50534,3957],{"class":56},[42,50536,2513],{"class":834},[42,50538,70],{"class":56},[42,50540,40618],{"class":834},[42,50542,3332],{"class":56},[14,50544,50545],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,50547,17014],{},[33,50549,50551],{"className":35,"code":50550,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[17,50552,50553,50561],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50554,50555,50557,50559],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50556,2776],{"class":114},[42,50558,88],{"class":87},[42,50560,35202],{"class":2348},[42,50562,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50564,284],{"class":52},[42,50566,57],{"class":56},[42,50568,49237],{"class":52},[42,50570,57],{"class":56},[42,50572,2803],{"class":125},[42,50574,70],{"class":56},[42,50576,9586],{"class":56},[42,50578,2513],{"class":834},[42,50580,70],{"class":56},[42,50582,40618],{"class":834},[42,50584,3243],{"class":56},[1073,50586,26132,50588,50590],{"id":50587},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[17,50589,45168],{}," converts a value",[14,50592,19272],{},[33,50594,50596],{"className":35,"code":50595,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,50597,50598,50611,50629,50633],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50599,50600,50602,50604,50606,50609],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50601,2776],{"class":114},[42,50603,88],{"class":87},[42,50605,73],{"class":60},[42,50607,50608],{"class":64},"123",[42,50610,3689],{"class":60},[42,50612,50613,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623,50625,50627],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50614,2555],{"class":114},[42,50616,88],{"class":87},[42,50618,49975],{"class":52},[42,50620,57],{"class":56},[42,50622,2803],{"class":125},[42,50624,70],{"class":56},[42,50626,45639],{"class":834},[42,50628,143],{"class":56},[42,50630,50631],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,50632,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,50634,50635,50637,50639,50641],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,50636,284],{"class":52},[42,50638,57],{"class":56},[42,50640,2592],{"class":125},[42,50642,143],{"class":56},[14,50644,2395],{},[33,50646,50647],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,50648,50649],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50650,50651],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50652,4379],{"class":4190},[14,50654,50655,50656,50659,50660,50662],{},"This does not convert ",[17,50657,50658],{},"\"123\""," into ",[17,50661,50608],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,50664,50665,50666,6978],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[17,50667,50668],{},"int(value)",[1073,50670,50672],{"id":50671},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,50674,50675,50677],{},[17,50676,45168],{}," does not modify anything.",[33,50679,50681],{"className":35,"code":50680,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[17,50682,50683,50695,50699,50717],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50684,50685,50687,50689,50691,50693],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50686,2776],{"class":114},[42,50688,88],{"class":87},[42,50690,73],{"class":60},[42,50692,13915],{"class":64},[42,50694,3689],{"class":60},[42,50696,50697],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50698,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,50700,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,50702,284],{"class":52},[42,50704,57],{"class":56},[42,50706,49237],{"class":52},[42,50708,57],{"class":56},[42,50710,2803],{"class":125},[42,50712,70],{"class":56},[42,50714,49266],{"class":834},[42,50716,842],{"class":56},[42,50718,50719,50721,50723,50725],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,50720,284],{"class":52},[42,50722,57],{"class":56},[42,50724,2803],{"class":125},[42,50726,143],{"class":56},[14,50728,2395],{},[33,50730,50732],{"className":35,"code":50731,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\n100\n",[17,50733,50734,50738],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50735,50736],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50737,4318],{"class":4190},[42,50739,50740],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50741,47626],{"class":2348},[14,50743,50744],{},"The value stays the same.",[28,50746,26300],{"id":26299},[14,50748,50749],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[33,50751,50753],{"className":35,"code":50752,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[17,50754,50755,50769,50787,50811],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,50756,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,50758,284],{"class":52},[42,50760,57],{"class":56},[42,50762,835],{"class":834},[42,50764,57],{"class":56},[42,50766,2803],{"class":125},[42,50768,842],{"class":56},[42,50770,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,50772,284],{"class":52},[42,50774,57],{"class":56},[42,50776,49237],{"class":52},[42,50778,57],{"class":56},[42,50780,2803],{"class":125},[42,50782,70],{"class":56},[42,50784,45639],{"class":834},[42,50786,842],{"class":56},[42,50788,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,50790,284],{"class":52},[42,50792,57],{"class":56},[42,50794,49237],{"class":52},[42,50796,57],{"class":56},[42,50798,2803],{"class":125},[42,50800,70],{"class":56},[42,50802,9586],{"class":56},[42,50804,2513],{"class":834},[42,50806,70],{"class":56},[42,50808,40618],{"class":834},[42,50810,3243],{"class":56},[42,50812,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,50814,284],{"class":52},[42,50816,57],{"class":56},[42,50818,42142],{"class":52},[42,50820,57],{"class":56},[42,50822,2803],{"class":125},[42,50824,842],{"class":56},[14,50826,50827],{},"These can help when:",[167,50829,50830,50833,50838,50841],{},[170,50831,50832],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[170,50834,50835,50836],{},"you are getting a ",[17,50837,3338],{},[170,50839,50840],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[170,50842,50843,50844,50846],{},"the second argument to ",[17,50845,45168],{}," is invalid",[14,50848,50849],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[167,50851,50852,50866,50872,50877],{},[170,50853,50854,50855,1327,50858,50861,50862,1327,50864],{},"using ",[17,50856,50857],{},"'int'",[17,50859,50860],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[17,50863,2513],{},[17,50865,3775],{},[170,50867,50868,50869,50871],{},"expecting ",[17,50870,45168],{}," to convert a value",[170,50873,50854,50874,50876],{},[17,50875,2630],{}," when inherited types should also match",[170,50878,50879],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50881,50882,50883,122],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[693,50884,50886,50887],{"href":50885},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[17,50888,50889],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[28,50891,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,50893,5485,50895,5488],{"id":50894},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[17,50896,45168],{},[14,50898,5491,50899,50901,50902,122],{},[17,50900,3937],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[17,50903,4009],{},[1073,50905,5513,50907,50909],{"id":50906},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[17,50908,45168],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50911,50912,50913,122],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[17,50914,50915],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1073,50917,2171,50919,1753,50921,2823],{"id":50918},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[17,50920,45168],{},[17,50922,2630],{},[14,50924,50925,50927,50928,50930],{},[17,50926,2630],{}," gives the exact type. ",[17,50929,45168],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1073,50932,13060,50934,50936],{"id":50933},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[17,50935,45168],{}," convert a value?",[14,50938,50939],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[28,50941,2205],{"id":2204},[167,50943,50944,50950,50954,50959,50964],{},[170,50945,50946],{},[693,50947,3908,50948,3841],{"href":2627},[17,50949,2630],{},[170,50951,50952],{},[693,50953,45160],{"href":49340},[170,50955,50956],{},[693,50957,50958],{"href":3293},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[170,50960,50961],{},[693,50962,50963],{"href":49343},"What is a data type in Python?",[170,50965,50966],{},[693,50967,50886,50968],{"href":50885},[17,50969,50889],{},[2245,50971,50972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":50974},[50975,50976,50978,50981,50985,50986,50991,50997,51005,51006,51016],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":49279,"depth":111,"text":50977},"What isinstance() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":50979},[50980],{"id":49371,"depth":132,"text":49372},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829,"children":50982},[50983,50984],{"id":49459,"depth":132,"text":49460},{"id":49530,"depth":132,"text":49531},{"id":49617,"depth":111,"text":49618},{"id":49814,"depth":111,"text":50987,"children":50988},"isinstance() vs type()",[50989,50990],{"id":49830,"depth":132,"text":49833},{"id":49872,"depth":132,"text":49875},{"id":49933,"depth":111,"text":49934,"children":50992},[50993,50994,50995,50996],{"id":49942,"depth":132,"text":49943},{"id":50124,"depth":132,"text":50125},{"id":50251,"depth":132,"text":50252},{"id":50329,"depth":132,"text":50330},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":50998},[50999,51001,51002,51004],{"id":50419,"depth":132,"text":51000},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50502,"depth":132,"text":50503},{"id":50587,"depth":132,"text":51003},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50671,"depth":132,"text":50672},{"id":26299,"depth":111,"text":26300},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":51007},[51008,51010,51012,51014],{"id":50894,"depth":132,"text":51009},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50906,"depth":132,"text":51011},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50918,"depth":132,"text":51013},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50933,"depth":132,"text":51015},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49180,"description":51017},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":51023,"title":51024,"body":51025,"description":52998,"extension":2285,"meta":52999,"navigation":2287,"path":53000,"seo":53001,"stem":53002,"__hash__":53003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":51026,"toc":52973},[51027,51030,51035,51040,51054,51057,51059,51134,51139,51143,51148,51151,51165,51167,51333,51346,51348,51350,51365,51368,51371,51384,51386,51484,51488,51494,51497,51506,51508,51543,51548,51569,51574,51579,51611,51614,51671,51675,51681,51684,51737,51739,51779,51782,51850,51853,51904,51911,51915,51921,52006,52012,52018,52067,52070,52073,52123,52125,52130,52134,52184,52188,52235,52239,52316,52320,52385,52388,52392,52397,52402,52414,52416,52435,52441,52444,52463,52468,52495,52502,52506,52512,52515,52610,52613,52616,52665,52670,52672,52676,52711,52714,52771,52781,52784,52818,52821,52823,52827,52830,52834,52837,52841,52844,52848,52861,52865,52870,52872,52922,52934,52936,52970],[10,51028,51024],{"id":51029},"python-len-function-explained",[14,51031,9473,51032,51034],{},[17,51033,42724],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,51036,35764,51037,51039],{},[17,51038,42724],{}," to count:",[167,51041,51042,51045,51048,51051],{},[170,51043,51044],{},"characters in a string",[170,51046,51047],{},"items in a list or tuple",[170,51049,51050],{},"keys in a dictionary",[170,51052,51053],{},"unique items in a set",[14,51055,51056],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[28,51058,31],{"id":30},[33,51060,51062],{"className":35,"code":51061,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[17,51063,51064,51076,51096,51100,51117],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51065,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51067,35048],{"class":114},[42,51069,88],{"class":87},[42,51071,73],{"class":60},[42,51073,4183],{"class":64},[42,51075,3689],{"class":60},[42,51077,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51079,8128],{"class":114},[42,51081,88],{"class":87},[42,51083,3957],{"class":56},[42,51085,2659],{"class":2348},[42,51087,70],{"class":56},[42,51089,8139],{"class":2348},[42,51091,70],{"class":56},[42,51093,8144],{"class":2348},[42,51095,3970],{"class":56},[42,51097,51098],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,51099,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,51101,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,51103,284],{"class":52},[42,51105,57],{"class":56},[42,51107,11515],{"class":52},[42,51109,57],{"class":56},[42,51111,444],{"class":125},[42,51113,5705],{"class":56},[42,51115,51116],{"class":525},"   # 5\n",[42,51118,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127,51129,51131],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,51120,284],{"class":52},[42,51122,57],{"class":56},[42,51124,11515],{"class":52},[42,51126,57],{"class":56},[42,51128,8159],{"class":125},[42,51130,5705],{"class":56},[42,51132,51133],{"class":525},"  # 3\n",[14,51135,146,51136,51138],{},[17,51137,42724],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[28,51140,51142],{"id":51141},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,51144,51145,51147],{},[17,51146,42724],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,51149,51150],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[167,51152,51153,51156,51159,51162],{},[170,51154,51155],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[170,51157,51158],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[170,51160,51161],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[170,51163,51164],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,51166,219],{},[33,51168,51170],{"className":35,"code":51169,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[17,51171,51172,51184,51209,51241,51261,51265,51282,51299,51316],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51173,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51175,8226],{"class":114},[42,51177,88],{"class":87},[42,51179,73],{"class":60},[42,51181,8025],{"class":64},[42,51183,3689],{"class":60},[42,51185,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204,51207],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51187,3952],{"class":114},[42,51189,88],{"class":87},[42,51191,3957],{"class":56},[42,51193,2659],{"class":2348},[42,51195,70],{"class":56},[42,51197,8139],{"class":2348},[42,51199,70],{"class":56},[42,51201,8144],{"class":2348},[42,51203,70],{"class":56},[42,51205,51206],{"class":2348}," 40",[42,51208,3970],{"class":56},[42,51210,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,51212,9516],{"class":114},[42,51214,88],{"class":87},[42,51216,10842],{"class":56},[42,51218,61],{"class":60},[42,51220,693],{"class":64},[42,51222,61],{"class":60},[42,51224,1935],{"class":56},[42,51226,5842],{"class":2348},[42,51228,70],{"class":56},[42,51230,73],{"class":60},[42,51232,5102],{"class":64},[42,51234,61],{"class":60},[42,51236,1935],{"class":56},[42,51238,3325],{"class":2348},[42,51240,9659],{"class":56},[42,51242,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,51244,4160],{"class":114},[42,51246,88],{"class":87},[42,51248,10842],{"class":56},[42,51250,2461],{"class":2348},[42,51252,70],{"class":56},[42,51254,38005],{"class":2348},[42,51256,70],{"class":56},[42,51258,6339],{"class":2348},[42,51260,9659],{"class":56},[42,51262,51263],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,51264,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,51266,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,51268,284],{"class":52},[42,51270,57],{"class":56},[42,51272,11515],{"class":52},[42,51274,57],{"class":56},[42,51276,8016],{"class":125},[42,51278,5705],{"class":56},[42,51280,51281],{"class":525},"     # 3\n",[42,51283,51284,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,51285,284],{"class":52},[42,51287,57],{"class":56},[42,51289,11515],{"class":52},[42,51291,57],{"class":56},[42,51293,3984],{"class":125},[42,51295,5705],{"class":56},[42,51297,51298],{"class":525},"  # 4\n",[42,51300,51301,51303,51305,51307,51309,51311,51313],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,51302,284],{"class":52},[42,51304,57],{"class":56},[42,51306,11515],{"class":52},[42,51308,57],{"class":56},[42,51310,9554],{"class":125},[42,51312,5705],{"class":56},[42,51314,51315],{"class":525},"     # 2\n",[42,51317,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,51319,284],{"class":52},[42,51321,57],{"class":56},[42,51323,11515],{"class":52},[42,51325,57],{"class":56},[42,51327,5702],{"class":125},[42,51329,5705],{"class":56},[42,51331,51332],{"class":525},"   # 3\n",[14,51334,51335,51336,2514,51340,17431,51344,122],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[693,51337,51339],{"href":51338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[693,51341,51343],{"href":51342},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[693,51345,9506],{"href":9505},[28,51347,312],{"id":311},[14,51349,2484],{},[33,51351,51353],{"className":35,"code":51352,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"len(object)\n",[17,51354,51355],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51356,51357,51359,51361,51363],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51358,11515],{"class":52},[42,51360,57],{"class":56},[42,51362,42762],{"class":834},[42,51364,143],{"class":56},[14,51366,51367],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,51369,51370],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[167,51372,51373,51375,51377,51379,51381],{},[170,51374,38269],{},[170,51376,38263],{},[170,51378,38266],{},[170,51380,38272],{},[170,51382,51383],{},"a dictionary",[14,51385,219],{},[33,51387,51389],{"className":35,"code":51388,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[17,51390,51391,51412,51436,51458],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51392,51393,51395,51397,51399,51401,51403,51405,51407,51409],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51394,284],{"class":52},[42,51396,57],{"class":56},[42,51398,11515],{"class":52},[42,51400,57],{"class":56},[42,51402,61],{"class":60},[42,51404,37],{"class":64},[42,51406,61],{"class":60},[42,51408,5705],{"class":56},[42,51410,51411],{"class":525},"      # 6\n",[42,51413,51414,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430,51432,51434],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51415,284],{"class":52},[42,51417,57],{"class":56},[42,51419,11515],{"class":52},[42,51421,3317],{"class":56},[42,51423,3320],{"class":2348},[42,51425,70],{"class":56},[42,51427,3325],{"class":2348},[42,51429,70],{"class":56},[42,51431,2781],{"class":2348},[42,51433,5076],{"class":56},[42,51435,51281],{"class":525},[42,51437,51438,51440,51442,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452,51455],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,51439,284],{"class":52},[42,51441,57],{"class":56},[42,51443,11515],{"class":52},[42,51445,5855],{"class":56},[42,51447,2659],{"class":2348},[42,51449,70],{"class":56},[42,51451,8139],{"class":2348},[42,51453,51454],{"class":56},")))",[42,51456,51457],{"class":525},"      # 2\n",[42,51459,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51481],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,51461,284],{"class":52},[42,51463,57],{"class":56},[42,51465,11515],{"class":52},[42,51467,5874],{"class":56},[42,51469,61],{"class":60},[42,51471,2498],{"class":64},[42,51473,61],{"class":60},[42,51475,1935],{"class":56},[42,51477,5842],{"class":2348},[42,51479,51480],{"class":56},"}))",[42,51482,51483],{"class":525},"      # 1\n",[28,51485,51487],{"id":51486},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,51489,51490,51491,51493],{},"When you use ",[17,51492,42724],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,51495,51496],{},"That includes:",[167,51498,51499,51501,51503],{},[170,51500,36503],{},[170,51502,10803],{},[170,51504,51505],{},"punctuation",[14,51507,219],{},[33,51509,51511],{"className":35,"code":51510,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[17,51512,51513,51526],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51514,51515,51517,51519,51521,51524],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51516,35048],{"class":114},[42,51518,88],{"class":87},[42,51520,73],{"class":60},[42,51522,51523],{"class":64},"Hi there!",[42,51525,3689],{"class":60},[42,51527,51528,51530,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51529,284],{"class":52},[42,51531,57],{"class":56},[42,51533,11515],{"class":52},[42,51535,57],{"class":56},[42,51537,444],{"class":125},[42,51539,5705],{"class":56},[42,51541,51542],{"class":525},"  # 9\n",[14,51544,51545,51546,2823],{},"Why is the result ",[17,51547,2469],{},[167,51549,51550,51556,51560,51563],{},[170,51551,51552,51555],{},[17,51553,51554],{},"H"," = 1",[170,51557,51558,51555],{},[17,51559,36514],{},[170,51561,51562],{},"space = 1",[170,51564,51565,51568],{},[17,51566,51567],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,51570,51571,51572],{},"Total: ",[17,51573,2469],{},[14,51575,51576,51577,1935],{},"An empty string has length ",[17,51578,2445],{},[33,51580,51582],{"className":35,"code":51581,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[17,51583,51584,51593],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51585,51586,51589,51591],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51587,51588],{"class":114},"empty_text ",[42,51590,88],{"class":87},[42,51592,8231],{"class":60},[42,51594,51595,51597,51599,51601,51603,51606,51608],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51596,284],{"class":52},[42,51598,57],{"class":56},[42,51600,11515],{"class":52},[42,51602,57],{"class":56},[42,51604,51605],{"class":125},"empty_text",[42,51607,5705],{"class":56},[42,51609,51610],{"class":525},"  # 0\n",[14,51612,51613],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[33,51615,51617],{"className":35,"code":51616,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[17,51618,51619,51632,51636,51656],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51620,51621,51624,51626,51628,51630],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51622,51623],{"class":114},"user_name ",[42,51625,88],{"class":87},[42,51627,73],{"class":60},[42,51629,5346],{"class":64},[42,51631,3689],{"class":60},[42,51633,51634],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51635,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,51637,51638,51640,51642,51644,51647,51649,51652,51654],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,51639,7345],{"class":48},[42,51641,38748],{"class":52},[42,51643,57],{"class":56},[42,51645,51646],{"class":125},"user_name",[42,51648,98],{"class":56},[42,51650,51651],{"class":87}," >=",[42,51653,2781],{"class":2348},[42,51655,108],{"class":56},[42,51657,51658,51660,51662,51664,51667,51669],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,51659,135],{"class":52},[42,51661,57],{"class":56},[42,51663,61],{"class":60},[42,51665,51666],{"class":64},"Name is long enough",[42,51668,61],{"class":60},[42,51670,143],{"class":56},[28,51672,51674],{"id":51673},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,51676,51677,51678,51680],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[17,51679,42724],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,51682,51683],{},"Example with a list:",[33,51685,51687],{"className":35,"code":51686,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[17,51688,51689,51721],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51690,51691,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717,51719],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51692,13433],{"class":114},[42,51694,88],{"class":87},[42,51696,3957],{"class":56},[42,51698,61],{"class":60},[42,51700,13450],{"class":64},[42,51702,61],{"class":60},[42,51704,70],{"class":56},[42,51706,73],{"class":60},[42,51708,17814],{"class":64},[42,51710,61],{"class":60},[42,51712,70],{"class":56},[42,51714,73],{"class":60},[42,51716,13467],{"class":64},[42,51718,61],{"class":60},[42,51720,3970],{"class":56},[42,51722,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51724,284],{"class":52},[42,51726,57],{"class":56},[42,51728,11515],{"class":52},[42,51730,57],{"class":56},[42,51732,17861],{"class":125},[42,51734,5705],{"class":56},[42,51736,51133],{"class":525},[14,51738,38278],{},[33,51740,51742],{"className":35,"code":51741,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[17,51743,51744,51761],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51745,51746,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51747,51748],{"class":114},"point ",[42,51750,88],{"class":87},[42,51752,9586],{"class":56},[42,51754,2659],{"class":2348},[42,51756,70],{"class":56},[42,51758,8139],{"class":2348},[42,51760,143],{"class":56},[42,51762,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771,51774,51776],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51764,284],{"class":52},[42,51766,57],{"class":56},[42,51768,11515],{"class":52},[42,51770,57],{"class":56},[42,51772,51773],{"class":125},"point",[42,51775,5705],{"class":56},[42,51777,51778],{"class":525},"  # 2\n",[14,51780,51781],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[33,51783,51785],{"className":35,"code":51784,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[17,51786,51787,51811,51815,51833],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51788,51789,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51790,8128],{"class":114},[42,51792,88],{"class":87},[42,51794,3957],{"class":56},[42,51796,61],{"class":60},[42,51798,4418],{"class":64},[42,51800,61],{"class":60},[42,51802,70],{"class":56},[42,51804,73],{"class":60},[42,51806,4427],{"class":64},[42,51808,61],{"class":60},[42,51810,3970],{"class":56},[42,51812,51813],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51814,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,51816,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829,51831],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,51818,7345],{"class":48},[42,51820,38748],{"class":52},[42,51822,57],{"class":56},[42,51824,8159],{"class":125},[42,51826,98],{"class":56},[42,51828,38758],{"class":87},[42,51830,5842],{"class":2348},[42,51832,108],{"class":56},[42,51834,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,51836,135],{"class":52},[42,51838,57],{"class":56},[42,51840,8159],{"class":125},[42,51842,4238],{"class":56},[42,51844,3320],{"class":2348},[42,51846,20804],{"class":56},[42,51848,51849],{"class":525},"  # banana\n",[14,51851,51852],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[33,51854,51856],{"className":35,"code":51855,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[17,51857,51858,51881],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51859,51860,51862,51864,51866,51869,51871,51874,51876,51879],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51861,5406],{"class":114},[42,51863,88],{"class":87},[42,51865,3957],{"class":56},[42,51867,51868],{"class":2348},"88",[42,51870,70],{"class":56},[42,51872,51873],{"class":2348}," 91",[42,51875,70],{"class":56},[42,51877,51878],{"class":2348}," 75",[42,51880,3970],{"class":56},[42,51882,51883,51885,51887,51889,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51884,284],{"class":52},[42,51886,57],{"class":56},[42,51888,61],{"class":60},[42,51890,51891],{"class":64},"Number of scores:",[42,51893,61],{"class":60},[42,51895,70],{"class":56},[42,51897,38748],{"class":52},[42,51899,57],{"class":56},[42,51901,16747],{"class":125},[42,51903,842],{"class":56},[14,51905,51906,51907,122],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[693,51908,51910],{"href":51909},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[28,51912,51914],{"id":51913},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51916,51917,51918,51920],{},"For dictionaries, ",[17,51919,42724],{}," counts keys.",[33,51922,51924],{"className":35,"code":51923,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[17,51925,51926,51934,51952,51966,51982,51986,51990],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,51927,51928,51930,51932],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,51929,13220],{"class":114},[42,51931,88],{"class":87},[42,51933,11847],{"class":56},[42,51935,51936,51938,51940,51942,51944,51946,51948,51950],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,51937,11852],{"class":60},[42,51939,8016],{"class":64},[42,51941,61],{"class":60},[42,51943,1935],{"class":56},[42,51945,73],{"class":60},[42,51947,8271],{"class":64},[42,51949,61],{"class":60},[42,51951,11868],{"class":56},[42,51953,51954,51956,51958,51960,51962,51964],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,51955,11852],{"class":60},[42,51957,9649],{"class":64},[42,51959,61],{"class":60},[42,51961,1935],{"class":56},[42,51963,31302],{"class":2348},[42,51965,11868],{"class":56},[42,51967,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976,51978,51980],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,51969,11852],{"class":60},[42,51971,20250],{"class":64},[42,51973,61],{"class":60},[42,51975,1935],{"class":56},[42,51977,73],{"class":60},[42,51979,22602],{"class":64},[42,51981,3689],{"class":60},[42,51983,51984],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,51985,9659],{"class":56},[42,51987,51988],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,51989,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,51991,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,51993,284],{"class":52},[42,51995,57],{"class":56},[42,51997,11515],{"class":52},[42,51999,57],{"class":56},[42,52001,13983],{"class":125},[42,52003,5705],{"class":56},[42,52005,51133],{"class":525},[14,52007,52008,52009,52011],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[17,52010,42724],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,52013,52014,52015,52017],{},"For sets, ",[17,52016,42724],{}," counts unique items:",[33,52019,52021],{"className":35,"code":52020,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[17,52022,52023,52051],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52024,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033,52035,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045,52047,52049],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52026,3952],{"class":114},[42,52028,88],{"class":87},[42,52030,10842],{"class":56},[42,52032,3320],{"class":2348},[42,52034,70],{"class":56},[42,52036,3325],{"class":2348},[42,52038,70],{"class":56},[42,52040,2781],{"class":2348},[42,52042,70],{"class":56},[42,52044,2781],{"class":2348},[42,52046,70],{"class":56},[42,52048,3325],{"class":2348},[42,52050,9659],{"class":56},[42,52052,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061,52063,52065],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52054,284],{"class":52},[42,52056,57],{"class":56},[42,52058,11515],{"class":52},[42,52060,57],{"class":56},[42,52062,3984],{"class":125},[42,52064,5705],{"class":56},[42,52066,51133],{"class":525},[14,52068,52069],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,52071,52072],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[33,52074,52076],{"className":35,"code":52075,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[17,52077,52078,52086,52090,52108],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52079,52080,52082,52084],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52081,9516],{"class":114},[42,52083,88],{"class":87},[42,52085,10189],{"class":56},[42,52087,52088],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52089,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,52091,52092,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,52093,7345],{"class":48},[42,52095,38748],{"class":52},[42,52097,57],{"class":56},[42,52099,9554],{"class":125},[42,52101,98],{"class":56},[42,52103,6754],{"class":87},[42,52105,4171],{"class":2348},[42,52107,108],{"class":56},[42,52109,52110,52112,52114,52116,52119,52121],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,52111,135],{"class":52},[42,52113,57],{"class":56},[42,52115,61],{"class":60},[42,52117,52118],{"class":64},"The dictionary is empty",[42,52120,61],{"class":60},[42,52122,143],{"class":56},[28,52124,41408],{"id":41407},[14,52126,52127,52128,122],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[17,52129,42724],{},[1073,52131,52133],{"id":52132},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[33,52135,52137],{"className":35,"code":52136,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[17,52138,52139,52147,52151,52169],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52140,52141,52143,52145],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52142,8128],{"class":114},[42,52144,88],{"class":87},[42,52146,8188],{"class":56},[42,52148,52149],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52150,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,52152,52153,52155,52157,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,52154,7345],{"class":48},[42,52156,38748],{"class":52},[42,52158,57],{"class":56},[42,52160,8159],{"class":125},[42,52162,98],{"class":56},[42,52164,6754],{"class":87},[42,52166,4171],{"class":2348},[42,52168,108],{"class":56},[42,52170,52171,52173,52175,52177,52180,52182],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,52172,135],{"class":52},[42,52174,57],{"class":56},[42,52176,61],{"class":60},[42,52178,52179],{"class":64},"The list is empty",[42,52181,61],{"class":60},[42,52183,143],{"class":56},[1073,52185,52187],{"id":52186},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[33,52189,52191],{"className":35,"code":52190,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[17,52192,52193,52212],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52194,52195,52197,52199,52201,52203,52205,52208,52210],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52196,6500],{"class":114},[42,52198,88],{"class":87},[42,52200,8592],{"class":52},[42,52202,57],{"class":56},[42,52204,61],{"class":60},[42,52206,52207],{"class":64},"Enter a word: ",[42,52209,61],{"class":60},[42,52211,143],{"class":56},[42,52213,52214,52216,52218,52220,52223,52225,52227,52229,52231,52233],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52215,284],{"class":52},[42,52217,57],{"class":56},[42,52219,61],{"class":60},[42,52221,52222],{"class":64},"Number of characters:",[42,52224,61],{"class":60},[42,52226,70],{"class":56},[42,52228,38748],{"class":52},[42,52230,57],{"class":56},[42,52232,38753],{"class":125},[42,52234,842],{"class":56},[1073,52236,52238],{"id":52237},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[33,52240,52242],{"className":35,"code":52241,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[17,52243,52244,52258,52262,52280,52295,52301],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52245,52246,52249,52251,52253,52256],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52247,52248],{"class":114},"password ",[42,52250,88],{"class":87},[42,52252,73],{"class":60},[42,52254,52255],{"class":64},"secret123",[42,52257,3689],{"class":60},[42,52259,52260],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52261,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,52263,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,52265,7345],{"class":48},[42,52267,38748],{"class":52},[42,52269,57],{"class":56},[42,52271,17980],{"class":125},[42,52273,98],{"class":56},[42,52275,51651],{"class":87},[42,52277,6706],{"class":2348},[42,52279,108],{"class":56},[42,52281,52282,52284,52286,52288,52291,52293],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,52283,135],{"class":52},[42,52285,57],{"class":56},[42,52287,61],{"class":60},[42,52289,52290],{"class":64},"Password length is valid",[42,52292,61],{"class":60},[42,52294,143],{"class":56},[42,52296,52297,52299],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,52298,27792],{"class":48},[42,52300,108],{"class":56},[42,52302,52303,52305,52307,52309,52312,52314],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,52304,135],{"class":52},[42,52306,57],{"class":56},[42,52308,61],{"class":60},[42,52310,52311],{"class":64},"Password is too short",[42,52313,61],{"class":60},[42,52315,143],{"class":56},[1073,52317,52319],{"id":52318},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[33,52321,52323],{"className":35,"code":52322,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[17,52324,52325,52361],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52326,52327,52330,52332,52334,52336,52339,52341,52343,52345,52348,52350,52352,52354,52357,52359],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52328,52329],{"class":114},"results ",[42,52331,88],{"class":87},[42,52333,3957],{"class":56},[42,52335,61],{"class":60},[42,52337,52338],{"class":64},"item1",[42,52340,61],{"class":60},[42,52342,70],{"class":56},[42,52344,73],{"class":60},[42,52346,52347],{"class":64},"item2",[42,52349,61],{"class":60},[42,52351,70],{"class":56},[42,52353,73],{"class":60},[42,52355,52356],{"class":64},"item3",[42,52358,61],{"class":60},[42,52360,3970],{"class":56},[42,52362,52363,52365,52367,52369,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380,52383],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52364,284],{"class":52},[42,52366,57],{"class":56},[42,52368,61],{"class":60},[42,52370,52371],{"class":64},"Items found:",[42,52373,61],{"class":60},[42,52375,70],{"class":56},[42,52377,38748],{"class":52},[42,52379,57],{"class":56},[42,52381,52382],{"class":125},"results",[42,52384,842],{"class":56},[14,52386,52387],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[28,52389,52391],{"id":52390},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,52393,52394,52396],{},[17,52395,42724],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,52398,52399,52400,1935],{},"These will raise a ",[17,52401,3338],{},[167,52403,52404,52407,52410],{},[170,52405,52406],{},"plain integers",[170,52408,52409],{},"floats",[170,52411,52412],{},[17,52413,4115],{},[14,52415,219],{},[33,52417,52419],{"className":35,"code":52418,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(len(5))\n",[17,52420,52421],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52422,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52424,284],{"class":52},[42,52426,57],{"class":56},[42,52428,11515],{"class":52},[42,52430,57],{"class":56},[42,52432,2461],{"class":2348},[42,52434,842],{"class":56},[14,52436,52437,52438,52440],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[17,52439,2461],{}," does not have a length.",[14,52442,52443],{},"Another example:",[33,52445,52447],{"className":35,"code":52446,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(len(3.14))\n",[17,52448,52449],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52450,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52452,284],{"class":52},[42,52454,57],{"class":56},[42,52456,11515],{"class":52},[42,52458,57],{"class":56},[42,52460,40506],{"class":2348},[42,52462,842],{"class":56},[14,52464,52465,52466,1935],{},"And with ",[17,52467,4115],{},[33,52469,52471],{"className":35,"code":52470,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[17,52472,52473,52481],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52474,52475,52477,52479],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52476,2776],{"class":114},[42,52478,88],{"class":87},[42,52480,48889],{"class":4190},[42,52482,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52484,284],{"class":52},[42,52486,57],{"class":56},[42,52488,11515],{"class":52},[42,52490,57],{"class":56},[42,52492,2803],{"class":125},[42,52494,842],{"class":56},[14,52496,52497,52498,122],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[693,52499,52501],{"href":52500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[28,52503,52505],{"id":52504},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,52507,52508,52509,52511],{},"Before using ",[17,52510,42724],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,52513,52514],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[33,52516,52518],{"className":35,"code":52517,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[17,52519,52520,52528,52532,52542,52556,52574,52592],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52521,52522,52524,52526],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52523,2776],{"class":114},[42,52525,88],{"class":87},[42,52527,48889],{"class":4190},[42,52529,52530],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52531,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,52533,52534,52536,52538,52540],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,52535,284],{"class":52},[42,52537,57],{"class":56},[42,52539,2803],{"class":125},[42,52541,143],{"class":56},[42,52543,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,52545,284],{"class":52},[42,52547,57],{"class":56},[42,52549,835],{"class":834},[42,52551,57],{"class":56},[42,52553,2803],{"class":125},[42,52555,842],{"class":56},[42,52557,52558,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,52559,284],{"class":52},[42,52561,57],{"class":56},[42,52563,49237],{"class":52},[42,52565,57],{"class":56},[42,52567,2803],{"class":125},[42,52569,70],{"class":56},[42,52571,49266],{"class":834},[42,52573,842],{"class":56},[42,52575,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,52577,284],{"class":52},[42,52579,57],{"class":56},[42,52581,49237],{"class":52},[42,52583,57],{"class":56},[42,52585,2803],{"class":125},[42,52587,70],{"class":56},[42,52589,22917],{"class":834},[42,52591,842],{"class":56},[42,52593,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,52595,284],{"class":52},[42,52597,57],{"class":56},[42,52599,49237],{"class":52},[42,52601,57],{"class":56},[42,52603,2803],{"class":125},[42,52605,70],{"class":56},[42,52607,9521],{"class":834},[42,52609,842],{"class":56},[14,52611,52612],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,52614,52615],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[33,52617,52619],{"className":35,"code":52618,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[17,52620,52621,52633,52637,52651],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52622,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52624,2776],{"class":114},[42,52626,88],{"class":87},[42,52628,73],{"class":60},[42,52630,4183],{"class":64},[42,52632,3689],{"class":60},[42,52634,52635],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52636,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,52638,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,52640,7345],{"class":48},[42,52642,21942],{"class":114},[42,52644,12549],{"class":87},[42,52646,8449],{"class":87},[42,52648,4191],{"class":4190},[42,52650,108],{"class":56},[42,52652,52653,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,52654,135],{"class":52},[42,52656,57],{"class":56},[42,52658,11515],{"class":52},[42,52660,57],{"class":56},[42,52662,2803],{"class":125},[42,52664,842],{"class":56},[14,52666,52667,52668,122],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[693,52669,8792],{"href":2627},[28,52671,1929],{"id":1928},[14,52673,23452,52674,1935],{},[17,52675,42724],{},[167,52677,52678,52686,52694,52702,52708],{},[170,52679,1940,52680,52682,52683],{},[17,52681,42724],{}," on an integer like ",[17,52684,52685],{},"len(5)",[170,52687,1940,52688,52690,52691],{},[17,52689,42724],{}," on a float like ",[17,52692,52693],{},"len(3.14)",[170,52695,1940,52696,52698,52699,52701],{},[17,52697,42724],{}," on ",[17,52700,4115],{}," after a function returns nothing",[170,52703,4920,52704,52707],{},[17,52705,52706],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[170,52709,52710],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,52712,52713],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[33,52715,52717],{"className":35,"code":52716,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[17,52718,52719,52755],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52720,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741,52743,52745,52747,52749,52751,52753],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52722,13562],{"class":114},[42,52724,88],{"class":87},[42,52726,10842],{"class":56},[42,52728,61],{"class":60},[42,52730,8016],{"class":64},[42,52732,61],{"class":60},[42,52734,1935],{"class":56},[42,52736,73],{"class":60},[42,52738,13237],{"class":64},[42,52740,61],{"class":60},[42,52742,70],{"class":56},[42,52744,73],{"class":60},[42,52746,9649],{"class":64},[42,52748,61],{"class":60},[42,52750,1935],{"class":56},[42,52752,8139],{"class":2348},[42,52754,9659],{"class":56},[42,52756,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52758,284],{"class":52},[42,52760,57],{"class":56},[42,52762,11515],{"class":52},[42,52764,57],{"class":56},[42,52766,17666],{"class":125},[42,52768,5705],{"class":56},[42,52770,51778],{"class":525},[14,52772,37956,52773,52775,52776,1753,52778,122],{},[17,52774,2381],{}," because there are two keys: ",[17,52777,15597],{},[17,52779,52780],{},"\"age\"",[14,52782,52783],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[33,52785,52787],{"className":35,"code":52786,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[17,52788,52789,52802],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52790,52791,52793,52795,52797,52800],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52792,35048],{"class":114},[42,52794,88],{"class":87},[42,52796,73],{"class":60},[42,52798,52799],{"class":64},"a b",[42,52801,3689],{"class":60},[42,52803,52804,52806,52808,52810,52812,52814,52816],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52805,284],{"class":52},[42,52807,57],{"class":56},[42,52809,11515],{"class":52},[42,52811,57],{"class":56},[42,52813,444],{"class":125},[42,52815,5705],{"class":56},[42,52817,51133],{"class":525},[14,52819,52820],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[28,52822,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,52824,52826],{"id":52825},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52828,52829],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1073,52831,52833],{"id":52832},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52835,52836],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1073,52838,52840],{"id":52839},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52842,52843],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1073,52845,52847],{"id":52846},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52849,52850,52851,52853,52854,1327,52856,52858,52859,122],{},"No. Using ",[17,52852,42724],{}," on an ",[17,52855,2513],{},[17,52857,2517],{}," raises a ",[17,52860,3338],{},[1073,52862,52864],{"id":52863},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52866,8111,52867,122],{},[17,52868,52869],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52871,219],{},[33,52873,52875],{"className":35,"code":52874,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[17,52876,52877,52885,52889,52907],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,52878,52879,52881,52883],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,52880,8658],{"class":114},[42,52882,88],{"class":87},[42,52884,8188],{"class":56},[42,52886,52887],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,52888,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,52890,52891,52893,52895,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,52892,7345],{"class":48},[42,52894,38748],{"class":52},[42,52896,57],{"class":56},[42,52898,8689],{"class":125},[42,52900,98],{"class":56},[42,52902,6754],{"class":87},[42,52904,4171],{"class":2348},[42,52906,108],{"class":56},[42,52908,52909,52911,52913,52915,52918,52920],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,52910,135],{"class":52},[42,52912,57],{"class":56},[42,52914,61],{"class":60},[42,52916,52917],{"class":64},"Empty list",[42,52919,61],{"class":60},[42,52921,143],{"class":56},[14,52923,52924,52925,52927,52928,52930,52931,52933],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[17,52926,4009],{}," in an ",[17,52929,7345],{}," statement, but ",[17,52932,42724],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[28,52935,2205],{"id":2204},[167,52937,52938,52942,52946,52950,52955,52959,52965],{},[170,52939,52940],{},[693,52941,51339],{"href":51338},[170,52943,52944],{},[693,52945,51343],{"href":51342},[170,52947,52948],{},[693,52949,9506],{"href":9505},[170,52951,52952],{},[693,52953,52954],{"href":51909},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[170,52956,52957],{},[693,52958,8792],{"href":2627},[170,52960,52961],{},[693,52962,52964],{"href":52963},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[170,52966,52967],{},[693,52968,52969],{"href":52500},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2245,52971,52972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":52974},[52975,52976,52977,52978,52979,52980,52981,52987,52988,52989,52990,52997],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":51141,"depth":111,"text":51142},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":51486,"depth":111,"text":51487},{"id":51673,"depth":111,"text":51674},{"id":51913,"depth":111,"text":51914},{"id":41407,"depth":111,"text":41408,"children":52982},[52983,52984,52985,52986],{"id":52132,"depth":132,"text":52133},{"id":52186,"depth":132,"text":52187},{"id":52237,"depth":132,"text":52238},{"id":52318,"depth":132,"text":52319},{"id":52390,"depth":111,"text":52391},{"id":52504,"depth":111,"text":52505},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":52991},[52992,52993,52994,52995,52996],{"id":52825,"depth":132,"text":52826},{"id":52832,"depth":132,"text":52833},{"id":52839,"depth":132,"text":52840},{"id":52846,"depth":132,"text":52847},{"id":52863,"depth":132,"text":52864},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":51024,"description":52998},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":53005,"title":53006,"body":53007,"description":54692,"extension":2285,"meta":54693,"navigation":2287,"path":54694,"seo":54695,"stem":54696,"__hash__":54697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":53008,"toc":54665},[53009,53012,53026,53032,53034,53088,53093,53097,53113,53116,53130,53136,53138,53141,53160,53176,53178,53254,53256,53293,53304,53306,53309,53370,53372,53405,53408,53414,53418,53421,53546,53548,53607,53615,53668,53670,53697,53703,53713,53717,53720,53725,53777,53779,53805,53811,53865,53867,53892,53895,53919,53925,53927,53931,53933,53990,53992,54000,54002,54024,54026,54079,54081,54105,54109,54111,54150,54152,54160,54166,54170,54222,54224,54250,54258,54262,54267,54276,54278,54344,54346,54378,54382,54387,54389,54403,54406,54479,54481,54507,54509,54513,54520,54524,54531,54535,54538,54540,54593,54595,54621,54625,54634,54636,54662],[10,53010,53006],{"id":53011},"python-list-append-method",[14,53013,2303,53014,53017,53018,53021,53022,53025],{},[17,53015,53016],{},"append()"," method adds ",[177,53019,53020],{},"one item"," to the ",[177,53023,53024],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,53027,53028,53029,53031],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[177,53030,179],{}," create a new list.",[28,53033,3942],{"id":3941},[33,53035,53037],{"className":35,"code":53036,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,53038,53039,53059,53073,53083],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53040,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053,53055,53057],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53042,3952],{"class":114},[42,53044,88],{"class":87},[42,53046,3957],{"class":56},[42,53048,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53050,70],{"class":56},[42,53052,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53054,70],{"class":56},[42,53056,2781],{"class":2348},[42,53058,3970],{"class":56},[42,53060,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53062,3984],{"class":114},[42,53064,122],{"class":56},[42,53066,13910],{"class":125},[42,53068,57],{"class":56},[42,53070,2836],{"class":2348},[42,53072,143],{"class":56},[42,53074,53075,53077,53079,53081],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53076,284],{"class":52},[42,53078,57],{"class":56},[42,53080,3984],{"class":125},[42,53082,143],{"class":56},[42,53084,53085],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53086,53087],{"class":525},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,53089,146,53090,53092],{},[17,53091,53016],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[28,53094,53096],{"id":53095},"what-append-does","What append() does",[167,53098,53099,53104,53107,53110],{},[170,53100,53101,53103],{},[17,53102,53016],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[170,53105,53106],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[170,53108,53109],{},"It does not create a new list",[170,53111,53112],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,53114,53115],{},"This means you can append:",[167,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128],{},[170,53119,3984],{},[170,53121,5652],{},[170,53123,40957],{},[170,53125,5643],{},[170,53127,7598],{},[170,53129,35022],{},[14,53131,53132,53133,122],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[693,53134,53135],{"href":51342},"Python lists explained for beginners",[28,53137,5775],{"id":5774},[14,53139,53140],{},"Basic form:",[33,53142,53144],{"className":35,"code":53143,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.append(item)\n",[17,53145,53146],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53147,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53149,8689],{"class":114},[42,53151,122],{"class":56},[42,53153,13910],{"class":125},[42,53155,57],{"class":56},[42,53157,23668],{"class":125},[42,53159,143],{"class":56},[167,53161,53162,53167,53172],{},[170,53163,53164,53166],{},[17,53165,8689],{}," is the list you want to change",[170,53168,53169,53171],{},[17,53170,23668],{}," is the value or object to add",[170,53173,12266,53174],{},[17,53175,4115],{},[14,53177,219],{},[33,53179,53181],{"className":35,"code":53180,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[17,53182,53183,53207,53230,53234,53244],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53184,53185,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53186,36599],{"class":114},[42,53188,88],{"class":87},[42,53190,3957],{"class":56},[42,53192,61],{"class":60},[42,53194,4418],{"class":64},[42,53196,61],{"class":60},[42,53198,70],{"class":56},[42,53200,73],{"class":60},[42,53202,4427],{"class":64},[42,53204,61],{"class":60},[42,53206,3970],{"class":56},[42,53208,53209,53211,53213,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226,53228],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53210,2555],{"class":114},[42,53212,88],{"class":87},[42,53214,53215],{"class":114}," fruits",[42,53217,122],{"class":56},[42,53219,13910],{"class":125},[42,53221,57],{"class":56},[42,53223,61],{"class":60},[42,53225,33581],{"class":64},[42,53227,61],{"class":60},[42,53229,143],{"class":56},[42,53231,53232],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53233,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53235,53236,53238,53240,53242],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53237,284],{"class":52},[42,53239,57],{"class":56},[42,53241,36651],{"class":125},[42,53243,143],{"class":56},[42,53245,53246,53248,53250,53252],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,53247,284],{"class":52},[42,53249,57],{"class":56},[42,53251,2592],{"class":125},[42,53253,143],{"class":56},[14,53255,2395],{},[33,53257,53259],{"className":35,"code":53258,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[17,53260,53261,53289],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53262,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53264,4238],{"class":56},[42,53266,868],{"class":60},[42,53268,4418],{"class":64},[42,53270,868],{"class":60},[42,53272,70],{"class":56},[42,53274,862],{"class":60},[42,53276,4427],{"class":64},[42,53278,868],{"class":60},[42,53280,70],{"class":56},[42,53282,862],{"class":60},[42,53284,33581],{"class":64},[42,53286,868],{"class":60},[42,53288,3970],{"class":56},[42,53290,53291],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53292,12163],{"class":4190},[14,53294,53295,53296,53298,53299,53301,53302,122],{},"The important detail is that ",[17,53297,53016],{}," updates ",[17,53300,36651],{},", but the method itself returns ",[17,53303,4115],{},[28,53305,11829],{"id":11828},[14,53307,53308],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[33,53310,53312],{"className":35,"code":53311,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,53313,53314,53338,53356,53360],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53315,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324,53326,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53317,13433],{"class":114},[42,53319,88],{"class":87},[42,53321,3957],{"class":56},[42,53323,61],{"class":60},[42,53325,13450],{"class":64},[42,53327,61],{"class":60},[42,53329,70],{"class":56},[42,53331,73],{"class":60},[42,53333,13467],{"class":64},[42,53335,61],{"class":60},[42,53337,3970],{"class":56},[42,53339,53340,53342,53344,53346,53348,53350,53352,53354],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53341,17861],{"class":114},[42,53343,122],{"class":56},[42,53345,13910],{"class":125},[42,53347,57],{"class":56},[42,53349,61],{"class":60},[42,53351,17814],{"class":64},[42,53353,61],{"class":60},[42,53355,143],{"class":56},[42,53357,53358],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53359,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53361,53362,53364,53366,53368],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53363,284],{"class":52},[42,53365,57],{"class":56},[42,53367,17861],{"class":125},[42,53369,143],{"class":56},[14,53371,2395],{},[33,53373,53375],{"className":35,"code":53374,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,53376,53377],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53378,53379,53381,53383,53385,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53380,4238],{"class":56},[42,53382,868],{"class":60},[42,53384,13450],{"class":64},[42,53386,868],{"class":60},[42,53388,70],{"class":56},[42,53390,862],{"class":60},[42,53392,13467],{"class":64},[42,53394,868],{"class":60},[42,53396,70],{"class":56},[42,53398,862],{"class":60},[42,53400,17814],{"class":64},[42,53402,868],{"class":60},[42,53404,3970],{"class":56},[14,53406,53407],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,53409,31442,53410,122],{},[693,53411,53413],{"href":53412},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[28,53415,53417],{"id":53416},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,53419,53420],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[33,53422,53424],{"className":35,"code":53423,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,53425,53426,53434,53438,53452,53470,53484,53510,53532,53536],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53427,53428,53430,53432],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53429,8128],{"class":114},[42,53431,88],{"class":87},[42,53433,8188],{"class":56},[42,53435,53436],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53437,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53439,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53441,8159],{"class":114},[42,53443,122],{"class":56},[42,53445,13910],{"class":125},[42,53447,57],{"class":56},[42,53449,2659],{"class":2348},[42,53451,143],{"class":56},[42,53453,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53455,8159],{"class":114},[42,53457,122],{"class":56},[42,53459,13910],{"class":125},[42,53461,57],{"class":56},[42,53463,61],{"class":60},[42,53465,4183],{"class":64},[42,53467,61],{"class":60},[42,53469,143],{"class":56},[42,53471,53472,53474,53476,53478,53480,53482],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,53473,8159],{"class":114},[42,53475,122],{"class":56},[42,53477,13910],{"class":125},[42,53479,57],{"class":56},[42,53481,3937],{"class":4190},[42,53483,143],{"class":56},[42,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,53487,8159],{"class":114},[42,53489,122],{"class":56},[42,53491,13910],{"class":125},[42,53493,5874],{"class":56},[42,53495,61],{"class":60},[42,53497,8016],{"class":64},[42,53499,61],{"class":60},[42,53501,1935],{"class":56},[42,53503,73],{"class":60},[42,53505,8025],{"class":64},[42,53507,61],{"class":60},[42,53509,30855],{"class":56},[42,53511,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,53513,8159],{"class":114},[42,53515,122],{"class":56},[42,53517,13910],{"class":125},[42,53519,3317],{"class":56},[42,53521,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53523,70],{"class":56},[42,53525,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53527,70],{"class":56},[42,53529,2781],{"class":2348},[42,53531,4226],{"class":56},[42,53533,53534],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,53535,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53537,53538,53540,53542,53544],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,53539,284],{"class":52},[42,53541,57],{"class":56},[42,53543,8159],{"class":125},[42,53545,143],{"class":56},[14,53547,2395],{},[33,53549,53551],{"className":35,"code":53550,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[17,53552,53553],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53554,53555,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583,53585,53587,53589,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53556,4238],{"class":56},[42,53558,2659],{"class":2348},[42,53560,70],{"class":56},[42,53562,862],{"class":60},[42,53564,4183],{"class":64},[42,53566,868],{"class":60},[42,53568,70],{"class":56},[42,53570,4254],{"class":4190},[42,53572,70],{"class":56},[42,53574,10842],{"class":56},[42,53576,868],{"class":60},[42,53578,8016],{"class":64},[42,53580,868],{"class":60},[42,53582,1935],{"class":56},[42,53584,862],{"class":60},[42,53586,8025],{"class":64},[42,53588,868],{"class":60},[42,53590,53591],{"class":56},"},",[42,53593,3957],{"class":56},[42,53595,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53597,70],{"class":56},[42,53599,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53601,70],{"class":56},[42,53603,2781],{"class":2348},[42,53605,53606],{"class":56},"]]\n",[14,53608,53609,53610,42518,53612,122],{},"A list added with ",[17,53611,53016],{},[177,53613,53614],{},"one single item",[33,53616,53618],{"className":35,"code":53617,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,53619,53620,53636,53654,53658],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53621,53622,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53623,3952],{"class":114},[42,53625,88],{"class":87},[42,53627,3957],{"class":56},[42,53629,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53631,70],{"class":56},[42,53633,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53635,3970],{"class":56},[42,53637,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53639,3984],{"class":114},[42,53641,122],{"class":56},[42,53643,13910],{"class":125},[42,53645,3317],{"class":56},[42,53647,2387],{"class":2348},[42,53649,70],{"class":56},[42,53651,2787],{"class":2348},[42,53653,4226],{"class":56},[42,53655,53656],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53657,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53659,53660,53662,53664,53666],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53661,284],{"class":52},[42,53663,57],{"class":56},[42,53665,3984],{"class":125},[42,53667,143],{"class":56},[14,53669,2395],{},[33,53671,53673],{"className":35,"code":53672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[17,53674,53675],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53676,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693,53695],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53678,4238],{"class":56},[42,53680,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53682,70],{"class":56},[42,53684,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53686,70],{"class":56},[42,53688,3957],{"class":56},[42,53690,2387],{"class":2348},[42,53692,70],{"class":56},[42,53694,2787],{"class":2348},[42,53696,53606],{"class":56},[14,53698,2614,53699,53702],{},[17,53700,53701],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,53704,53705,53706,53712],{},"This is different from ",[693,53707,53709],{"href":53708},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[17,53710,53711],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[28,53714,53716],{"id":53715},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,53718,53719],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1073,53721,1940,53723],{"id":53722},"using-append",[17,53724,53016],{},[33,53726,53727],{"className":35,"code":53617,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,53728,53729,53745,53763,53767],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53730,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53732,3952],{"class":114},[42,53734,88],{"class":87},[42,53736,3957],{"class":56},[42,53738,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53740,70],{"class":56},[42,53742,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53744,3970],{"class":56},[42,53746,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755,53757,53759,53761],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53748,3984],{"class":114},[42,53750,122],{"class":56},[42,53752,13910],{"class":125},[42,53754,3317],{"class":56},[42,53756,2387],{"class":2348},[42,53758,70],{"class":56},[42,53760,2787],{"class":2348},[42,53762,4226],{"class":56},[42,53764,53765],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53766,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53768,53769,53771,53773,53775],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53770,284],{"class":52},[42,53772,57],{"class":56},[42,53774,3984],{"class":125},[42,53776,143],{"class":56},[14,53778,2395],{},[33,53780,53781],{"className":35,"code":53672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,53782,53783],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53784,53785,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53786,4238],{"class":56},[42,53788,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53790,70],{"class":56},[42,53792,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53794,70],{"class":56},[42,53796,3957],{"class":56},[42,53798,2387],{"class":2348},[42,53800,70],{"class":56},[42,53802,2787],{"class":2348},[42,53804,53606],{"class":56},[1073,53806,1940,53808],{"id":53807},"using-extend",[17,53809,53810],{},"extend()",[33,53812,53814],{"className":35,"code":53813,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,53815,53816,53832,53851,53855],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53817,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53819,3952],{"class":114},[42,53821,88],{"class":87},[42,53823,3957],{"class":56},[42,53825,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53827,70],{"class":56},[42,53829,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53831,3970],{"class":56},[42,53833,53834,53836,53838,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53835,3984],{"class":114},[42,53837,122],{"class":56},[42,53839,53840],{"class":125},"extend",[42,53842,3317],{"class":56},[42,53844,2387],{"class":2348},[42,53846,70],{"class":56},[42,53848,2787],{"class":2348},[42,53850,4226],{"class":56},[42,53852,53853],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53854,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53856,53857,53859,53861,53863],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53858,284],{"class":52},[42,53860,57],{"class":56},[42,53862,3984],{"class":125},[42,53864,143],{"class":56},[14,53866,2395],{},[33,53868,53870],{"className":35,"code":53869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,53871,53872],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53873,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53875,4238],{"class":56},[42,53877,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53879,70],{"class":56},[42,53881,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53883,70],{"class":56},[42,53885,2781],{"class":2348},[42,53887,70],{"class":56},[42,53889,2787],{"class":2348},[42,53891,3970],{"class":56},[14,53893,53894],{},"The difference:",[167,53896,53897,53903,53909,53914],{},[170,53898,53899,53902],{},[17,53900,53901],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[170,53904,53905,53908],{},[17,53906,53907],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[170,53910,146,53911,53913],{},[17,53912,53016],{}," for one item",[170,53915,146,53916,53918],{},[17,53917,53810],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53920,53921,53922,122],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[693,53923,53924],{"href":53708},"Python list extend() method",[28,53926,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,53928,53930],{"id":53929},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53932,26048],{},[33,53934,53936],{"className":35,"code":53935,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,53937,53938,53958,53976,53980],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53939,53940,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954,53956],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53941,8128],{"class":114},[42,53943,88],{"class":87},[42,53945,3957],{"class":56},[42,53947,3320],{"class":2348},[42,53949,70],{"class":56},[42,53951,3325],{"class":2348},[42,53953,70],{"class":56},[42,53955,2781],{"class":2348},[42,53957,3970],{"class":56},[42,53959,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,53961,8128],{"class":114},[42,53963,88],{"class":87},[42,53965,6311],{"class":114},[42,53967,122],{"class":56},[42,53969,13910],{"class":125},[42,53971,57],{"class":56},[42,53973,2836],{"class":2348},[42,53975,143],{"class":56},[42,53977,53978],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,53979,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,53981,53982,53984,53986,53988],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,53983,284],{"class":52},[42,53985,57],{"class":56},[42,53987,8159],{"class":125},[42,53989,143],{"class":56},[14,53991,2395],{},[33,53993,53994],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,53995,53996],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,53997,53998],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,53999,12163],{"class":4190},[14,54001,12255],{},[167,54003,54004,54009,54015],{},[170,54005,54006,54008],{},[17,54007,53016],{}," changes the list in place",[170,54010,54011,2726,54013],{},[17,54012,53016],{},[17,54014,4115],{},[170,54016,54017,54018,54021,54022],{},"So ",[17,54019,54020],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[17,54023,4115],{},[14,54025,11160],{},[33,54027,54029],{"className":35,"code":54028,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,54030,54031,54051,54065,54069],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54032,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045,54047,54049],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54034,8128],{"class":114},[42,54036,88],{"class":87},[42,54038,3957],{"class":56},[42,54040,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54042,70],{"class":56},[42,54044,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54046,70],{"class":56},[42,54048,2781],{"class":2348},[42,54050,3970],{"class":56},[42,54052,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54054,8159],{"class":114},[42,54056,122],{"class":56},[42,54058,13910],{"class":125},[42,54060,57],{"class":56},[42,54062,2836],{"class":2348},[42,54064,143],{"class":56},[42,54066,54067],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54068,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54070,54071,54073,54075,54077],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,54072,284],{"class":52},[42,54074,57],{"class":56},[42,54076,8159],{"class":125},[42,54078,143],{"class":56},[14,54080,2395],{},[33,54082,54083],{"className":35,"code":53869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,54084,54085],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54086,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54088,4238],{"class":56},[42,54090,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54092,70],{"class":56},[42,54094,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54096,70],{"class":56},[42,54098,2781],{"class":2348},[42,54100,70],{"class":56},[42,54102,2787],{"class":2348},[42,54104,3970],{"class":56},[1073,54106,54108],{"id":54107},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,54110,19272],{},[33,54112,54114],{"className":35,"code":54113,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[17,54115,54116,54140],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54117,54118,54120,54122,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54119,32242],{"class":114},[42,54121,88],{"class":87},[42,54123,3957],{"class":56},[42,54125,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54127,70],{"class":56},[42,54129,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54131,13907],{"class":56},[42,54133,13910],{"class":125},[42,54135,57],{"class":56},[42,54137,2387],{"class":2348},[42,54139,143],{"class":56},[42,54141,54142,54144,54146,54148],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54143,284],{"class":52},[42,54145,57],{"class":56},[42,54147,32261],{"class":125},[42,54149,143],{"class":56},[14,54151,2395],{},[33,54153,54154],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,54155,54156],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54157,54158],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54159,12163],{"class":4190},[14,54161,54162,54163,54165],{},"Remember: ",[17,54164,53016],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1073,54167,54169],{"id":54168},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[33,54171,54172],{"className":35,"code":53617,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,54173,54174,54190,54208,54212],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54175,54176,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186,54188],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54177,3952],{"class":114},[42,54179,88],{"class":87},[42,54181,3957],{"class":56},[42,54183,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54185,70],{"class":56},[42,54187,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54189,3970],{"class":56},[42,54191,54192,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204,54206],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54193,3984],{"class":114},[42,54195,122],{"class":56},[42,54197,13910],{"class":125},[42,54199,3317],{"class":56},[42,54201,2387],{"class":2348},[42,54203,70],{"class":56},[42,54205,2787],{"class":2348},[42,54207,4226],{"class":56},[42,54209,54210],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54211,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54213,54214,54216,54218,54220],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,54215,284],{"class":52},[42,54217,57],{"class":56},[42,54219,3984],{"class":125},[42,54221,143],{"class":56},[14,54223,2395],{},[33,54225,54226],{"className":35,"code":53672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,54227,54228],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54229,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54231,4238],{"class":56},[42,54233,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54235,70],{"class":56},[42,54237,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54239,70],{"class":56},[42,54241,3957],{"class":56},[42,54243,2387],{"class":2348},[42,54245,70],{"class":56},[42,54247,2787],{"class":2348},[42,54249,53606],{"class":56},[14,54251,3503,54252,54255,54256,6978],{},[17,54253,54254],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[17,54257,53810],{},[1073,54259,54261],{"id":54260},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,54263,54264,54266],{},[17,54265,53016],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,54268,54269,54270,122],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[693,54271,54273],{"href":54272},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[17,54274,54275],{},"list.insert()",[14,54277,219],{},[33,54279,54281],{"className":35,"code":54280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,54282,54283,54307,54330,54334],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54284,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303,54305],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54286,36450],{"class":114},[42,54288,88],{"class":87},[42,54290,3957],{"class":56},[42,54292,61],{"class":60},[42,54294,693],{"class":64},[42,54296,61],{"class":60},[42,54298,70],{"class":56},[42,54300,73],{"class":60},[42,54302,10090],{"class":64},[42,54304,61],{"class":60},[42,54306,3970],{"class":56},[42,54308,54309,54311,54313,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326,54328],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54310,36503],{"class":114},[42,54312,122],{"class":56},[42,54314,54315],{"class":125},"insert",[42,54317,57],{"class":56},[42,54319,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54321,70],{"class":56},[42,54323,73],{"class":60},[42,54325,5102],{"class":64},[42,54327,61],{"class":60},[42,54329,143],{"class":56},[42,54331,54332],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54333,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54335,54336,54338,54340,54342],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,54337,284],{"class":52},[42,54339,57],{"class":56},[42,54341,36503],{"class":125},[42,54343,143],{"class":56},[14,54345,2395],{},[33,54347,54348],{"className":35,"code":43237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,54349,54350],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54351,54352,54354,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368,54370,54372,54374,54376],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54353,4238],{"class":56},[42,54355,868],{"class":60},[42,54357,693],{"class":64},[42,54359,868],{"class":60},[42,54361,70],{"class":56},[42,54363,862],{"class":60},[42,54365,5102],{"class":64},[42,54367,868],{"class":60},[42,54369,70],{"class":56},[42,54371,862],{"class":60},[42,54373,10090],{"class":64},[42,54375,868],{"class":60},[42,54377,3970],{"class":56},[28,54379,54381],{"id":54380},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,54383,54384,54386],{},[17,54385,53016],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,54388,36786],{},[167,54390,54391,54394,54397,54400],{},[170,54392,54393],{},"building a list in a loop",[170,54395,54396],{},"collecting user input",[170,54398,54399],{},"storing results step by step",[170,54401,54402],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,54404,54405],{},"Example with a loop:",[33,54407,54409],{"className":35,"code":54408,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[17,54410,54411,54420,54424,54445,54464,54468],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54412,54413,54416,54418],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54414,54415],{"class":114},"squares ",[42,54417,88],{"class":87},[42,54419,8188],{"class":56},[42,54421,54422],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54423,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54425,54426,54428,54430,54432,54435,54437,54439,54441,54443],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54427,6303],{"class":48},[42,54429,6733],{"class":114},[42,54431,1299],{"class":48},[42,54433,54434],{"class":52}," range",[42,54436,57],{"class":56},[42,54438,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54440,70],{"class":56},[42,54442,4946],{"class":2348},[42,54444,8692],{"class":56},[42,54446,54447,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,54448,54449],{"class":114},"    squares",[42,54451,122],{"class":56},[42,54453,13910],{"class":125},[42,54455,57],{"class":56},[42,54457,2542],{"class":125},[42,54459,40235],{"class":87},[42,54461,2522],{"class":125},[42,54463,143],{"class":56},[42,54465,54466],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,54467,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54469,54470,54472,54474,54477],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,54471,284],{"class":52},[42,54473,57],{"class":56},[42,54475,54476],{"class":125},"squares",[42,54478,143],{"class":56},[14,54480,2395],{},[33,54482,54484],{"className":35,"code":54483,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[17,54485,54486],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54487,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54501,54503,54505],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54489,4238],{"class":56},[42,54491,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54493,70],{"class":56},[42,54495,2787],{"class":2348},[42,54497,70],{"class":56},[42,54499,54500],{"class":2348}," 9",[42,54502,70],{"class":56},[42,54504,14345],{"class":2348},[42,54506,3970],{"class":56},[28,54508,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,54510,54512],{"id":54511},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,54514,46728,54515,54517,54518,122],{},[17,54516,53016],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[17,54519,4115],{},[1073,54521,54523],{"id":54522},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,54525,54526,54527,122],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[693,54528,54529],{"href":53708},[17,54530,53810],{},[1073,54532,54534],{"id":54533},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,54536,54537],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,54539,219],{},[33,54541,54543],{"className":35,"code":54542,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,54544,54545,54561,54579,54583],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54546,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557,54559],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54548,9516],{"class":114},[42,54550,88],{"class":87},[42,54552,3957],{"class":56},[42,54554,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54556,70],{"class":56},[42,54558,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54560,3970],{"class":56},[42,54562,54563,54565,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54564,9554],{"class":114},[42,54566,122],{"class":56},[42,54568,13910],{"class":125},[42,54570,3317],{"class":56},[42,54572,2387],{"class":2348},[42,54574,70],{"class":56},[42,54576,2787],{"class":2348},[42,54578,4226],{"class":56},[42,54580,54581],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54582,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54584,54585,54587,54589,54591],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,54586,284],{"class":52},[42,54588,57],{"class":56},[42,54590,9554],{"class":125},[42,54592,143],{"class":56},[14,54594,2395],{},[33,54596,54597],{"className":35,"code":53672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,54598,54599],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54600,54601,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54602,4238],{"class":56},[42,54604,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54606,70],{"class":56},[42,54608,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54610,70],{"class":56},[42,54612,3957],{"class":56},[42,54614,2387],{"class":2348},[42,54616,70],{"class":56},[42,54618,2787],{"class":2348},[42,54620,53606],{"class":56},[1073,54622,54624],{"id":54623},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,54626,54627,54629,54630,54633],{},[17,54628,53016],{}," adds at the end. ",[17,54631,54632],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[28,54635,2205],{"id":2204},[167,54637,54638,54643,54647,54652,54656],{},[170,54639,54640],{},[693,54641,54642],{"href":53412},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[170,54644,54645],{},[693,54646,53924],{"href":53708},[170,54648,54649],{},[693,54650,54651],{"href":54272},"Python list insert() method",[170,54653,54654],{},[693,54655,53135],{"href":51342},[170,54657,54658],{},[693,54659,54661],{"href":54660},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2245,54663,54664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":54666},[54667,54668,54669,54670,54671,54672,54678,54684,54685,54691],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":53095,"depth":111,"text":53096},{"id":5774,"depth":111,"text":5775},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":53416,"depth":111,"text":53417},{"id":53715,"depth":111,"text":53716,"children":54673},[54674,54676],{"id":53722,"depth":132,"text":54675},"Using append()",{"id":53807,"depth":132,"text":54677},"Using extend()",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":54679},[54680,54681,54682,54683],{"id":53929,"depth":132,"text":53930},{"id":54107,"depth":132,"text":54108},{"id":54168,"depth":132,"text":54169},{"id":54260,"depth":132,"text":54261},{"id":54380,"depth":111,"text":54381},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":54686},[54687,54688,54689,54690],{"id":54511,"depth":132,"text":54512},{"id":54522,"depth":132,"text":54523},{"id":54533,"depth":132,"text":54534},{"id":54623,"depth":132,"text":54624},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":53006,"description":54692},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54699,"title":54700,"body":54701,"description":55945,"extension":2285,"meta":55946,"navigation":2287,"path":55947,"seo":55948,"stem":55949,"__hash__":55950},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54702,"toc":55910},[54703,54709,54715,54721,54723,54771,54776,54781,54785,54801,54807,54809,54812,54827,54829,54840,54842,54844,54901,54903,54911,54913,54929,54935,54937,54943,54947,55031,55034,55083,55090,55098,55101,55115,55128,55134,55209,55216,55223,55297,55305,55308,55319,55328,55332,55336,55347,55349,55426,55447,55449,55459,55462,55510,55512,55533,55536,55538,55589,55595,55602,55669,55675,55681,55684,55711,55716,55722,55725,55797,55800,55811,55817,55819,55825,55828,55834,55840,55847,55855,55861,55867,55869,55907],[10,54704,54706,54707,11676],{"id":54705},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[17,54708,11675],{},[14,54710,54711,54714],{},[17,54712,54713],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,54716,54717,54718,54720],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[177,54719,11688],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[28,54722,3942],{"id":3941},[33,54724,54726],{"className":35,"code":54725,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[17,54727,54728,54748,54758],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54729,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54731,8128],{"class":114},[42,54733,88],{"class":87},[42,54735,3957],{"class":56},[42,54737,3320],{"class":2348},[42,54739,70],{"class":56},[42,54741,3325],{"class":2348},[42,54743,70],{"class":56},[42,54745,2781],{"class":2348},[42,54747,3970],{"class":56},[42,54749,54750,54752,54754,54756],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54751,8159],{"class":114},[42,54753,122],{"class":56},[42,54755,11737],{"class":125},[42,54757,129],{"class":56},[42,54759,54760,54762,54764,54766,54768],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54761,284],{"class":52},[42,54763,57],{"class":56},[42,54765,8159],{"class":125},[42,54767,98],{"class":56},[42,54769,54770],{"class":525},"  # []\n",[14,54772,146,54773,54775],{},[17,54774,11675],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[28,54777,4013,54779,4016],{"id":54778},"what-listclear-does",[17,54780,54713],{},[14,54782,54783,1935],{},[17,54784,54713],{},[167,54786,54787,54790,54793,54798],{},[170,54788,54789],{},"Removes every item from a list",[170,54791,54792],{},"Changes the original list in place",[170,54794,54795,54796],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[17,54797,4124],{},[170,54799,54800],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54802,54803,54804,54806],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[17,54805,11675],{},", but it contains no values.",[28,54808,312],{"id":311},[14,54810,54811],{},"Syntax:",[33,54813,54815],{"className":35,"code":54814,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.clear()\n",[17,54816,54817],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54818,54819,54821,54823,54825],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54820,8689],{"class":114},[42,54822,122],{"class":56},[42,54824,11737],{"class":125},[42,54826,129],{"class":56},[14,54828,165],{},[167,54830,54831,54834,54837],{},[170,54832,54833],{},"Call it on a list object",[170,54835,54836],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[170,54838,54839],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[28,54841,11829],{"id":11828},[14,54843,11832],{},[33,54845,54847],{"className":35,"code":54846,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,54848,54849,54873,54877,54887,54891],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54850,54851,54853,54855,54857,54859,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54852,3952],{"class":114},[42,54854,88],{"class":87},[42,54856,3957],{"class":56},[42,54858,2659],{"class":2348},[42,54860,70],{"class":56},[42,54862,8139],{"class":2348},[42,54864,70],{"class":56},[42,54866,8144],{"class":2348},[42,54868,70],{"class":56},[42,54870,51206],{"class":2348},[42,54872,3970],{"class":56},[42,54874,54875],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54876,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54878,54879,54881,54883,54885],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54880,3984],{"class":114},[42,54882,122],{"class":56},[42,54884,11737],{"class":125},[42,54886,129],{"class":56},[42,54888,54889],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,54890,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54892,54893,54895,54897,54899],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,54894,284],{"class":52},[42,54896,57],{"class":56},[42,54898,3984],{"class":125},[42,54900,143],{"class":56},[14,54902,2395],{},[33,54904,54905],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,54906,54907],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54908,54909],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54910,38659],{"class":56},[14,54912,12038],{},[167,54914,54915,54920,54926],{},[170,54916,54917,54919],{},[17,54918,3984],{}," starts with four items",[170,54921,54922,54925],{},[17,54923,54924],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[170,54927,54928],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54930,54931,54932,122],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[693,54933,53135],{"href":54934},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[28,54936,17778],{"id":17777},[14,54938,54939,2726,54941,122],{},[17,54940,11675],{},[17,54942,4115],{},[14,54944,175,54945,53031],{},[177,54946,179],{},[33,54948,54950],{"className":35,"code":54949,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[17,54951,54952,54984,54988,55002,55006,55019],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,54953,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962,54964,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974,54976,54978,54980,54982],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,54955,8128],{"class":114},[42,54957,88],{"class":87},[42,54959,3957],{"class":56},[42,54961,61],{"class":60},[42,54963,693],{"class":64},[42,54965,61],{"class":60},[42,54967,70],{"class":56},[42,54969,73],{"class":60},[42,54971,5102],{"class":64},[42,54973,61],{"class":60},[42,54975,70],{"class":56},[42,54977,73],{"class":60},[42,54979,10090],{"class":64},[42,54981,61],{"class":60},[42,54983,3970],{"class":56},[42,54985,54986],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,54987,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,54989,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998,55000],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,54991,2555],{"class":114},[42,54993,88],{"class":87},[42,54995,6311],{"class":114},[42,54997,122],{"class":56},[42,54999,11737],{"class":125},[42,55001,129],{"class":56},[42,55003,55004],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55005,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55007,55008,55010,55012,55014,55016],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,55009,284],{"class":52},[42,55011,57],{"class":56},[42,55013,8159],{"class":125},[42,55015,98],{"class":56},[42,55017,55018],{"class":525},"   # []\n",[42,55020,55021,55023,55025,55027,55029],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,55022,284],{"class":52},[42,55024,57],{"class":56},[42,55026,2592],{"class":125},[42,55028,98],{"class":56},[42,55030,21234],{"class":525},[14,55032,55033],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[33,55035,55037],{"className":35,"code":55036,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[17,55038,55039,55059,55073],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55040,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053,55055,55057],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55042,8128],{"class":114},[42,55044,88],{"class":87},[42,55046,3957],{"class":56},[42,55048,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55050,70],{"class":56},[42,55052,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55054,70],{"class":56},[42,55056,2781],{"class":2348},[42,55058,3970],{"class":56},[42,55060,55061,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55062,8128],{"class":114},[42,55064,88],{"class":87},[42,55066,6311],{"class":114},[42,55068,122],{"class":56},[42,55070,11737],{"class":125},[42,55072,129],{"class":56},[42,55074,55075,55077,55079,55081],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55076,284],{"class":52},[42,55078,57],{"class":56},[42,55080,8159],{"class":125},[42,55082,143],{"class":56},[14,55084,12271,55085,42518,55087,55089],{},[17,55086,8159],{},[17,55088,4115],{},", not an empty list.",[28,55091,55093,55095,55096],{"id":55092},"clear-vs-assigning",[17,55094,11675],{}," vs assigning ",[17,55097,4124],{},[14,55099,55100],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[33,55102,55103],{"className":35,"code":54814,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,55104,55105],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55106,55107,55109,55111,55113],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55108,8689],{"class":114},[42,55110,122],{"class":56},[42,55112,11737],{"class":125},[42,55114,129],{"class":56},[33,55116,55118],{"className":35,"code":55117,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = []\n",[17,55119,55120],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55121,55122,55124,55126],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55123,8658],{"class":114},[42,55125,88],{"class":87},[42,55127,8188],{"class":56},[1073,55129,55131,55133],{"id":55130},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[17,55132,11675],{}," empties the same list object",[33,55135,55137],{"className":35,"code":55136,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[17,55138,55139,55159,55167,55171,55181,55185,55197],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55140,55141,55143,55145,55147,55149,55151,55153,55155,55157],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55142,2886],{"class":114},[42,55144,88],{"class":87},[42,55146,3957],{"class":56},[42,55148,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55150,70],{"class":56},[42,55152,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55154,70],{"class":56},[42,55156,2781],{"class":2348},[42,55158,3970],{"class":56},[42,55160,55161,55163,55165],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55162,2914],{"class":114},[42,55164,88],{"class":87},[42,55166,36535],{"class":114},[42,55168,55169],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55170,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55172,55173,55175,55177,55179],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55174,693],{"class":114},[42,55176,122],{"class":56},[42,55178,11737],{"class":125},[42,55180,129],{"class":56},[42,55182,55183],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,55184,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55186,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,55188,284],{"class":52},[42,55190,57],{"class":56},[42,55192,693],{"class":125},[42,55194,98],{"class":56},[42,55196,54770],{"class":525},[42,55198,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,55200,284],{"class":52},[42,55202,57],{"class":56},[42,55204,5102],{"class":125},[42,55206,98],{"class":56},[42,55208,54770],{"class":525},[14,55210,10942,55211,1753,55213,55215],{},[17,55212,693],{},[17,55214,5102],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1073,55217,55219,55222],{"id":55218},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[17,55220,55221],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[33,55224,55226],{"className":35,"code":55225,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,55227,55228,55248,55256,55260,55268,55272,55284],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55229,55230,55232,55234,55236,55238,55240,55242,55244,55246],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55231,2886],{"class":114},[42,55233,88],{"class":87},[42,55235,3957],{"class":56},[42,55237,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55239,70],{"class":56},[42,55241,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55243,70],{"class":56},[42,55245,2781],{"class":2348},[42,55247,3970],{"class":56},[42,55249,55250,55252,55254],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55251,2914],{"class":114},[42,55253,88],{"class":87},[42,55255,36535],{"class":114},[42,55257,55258],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55259,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55261,55262,55264,55266],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55263,2886],{"class":114},[42,55265,88],{"class":87},[42,55267,8188],{"class":56},[42,55269,55270],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,55271,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55273,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,55275,284],{"class":52},[42,55277,57],{"class":56},[42,55279,693],{"class":125},[42,55281,98],{"class":56},[42,55283,54770],{"class":525},[42,55285,55286,55288,55290,55292,55294],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,55287,284],{"class":52},[42,55289,57],{"class":56},[42,55291,5102],{"class":125},[42,55293,98],{"class":56},[42,55295,55296],{"class":525},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,55298,21129,55299,55301,55302,55304],{},[17,55300,693],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[17,55303,5102],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,55306,55307],{},"This difference matters when:",[167,55309,55310,55313,55316],{},[170,55311,55312],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[170,55314,55315],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[170,55317,55318],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,55320,55321,55322,122],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[693,55323,55325,55326,11093],{"href":55324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[17,55327,13133],{},[28,55329,5303,55330],{"id":12793},[17,55331,11675],{},[14,55333,146,55334,6664],{},[17,55335,11675],{},[167,55337,55338,55341,55344],{},[170,55339,55340],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[170,55342,55343],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[170,55345,55346],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,55348,219],{},[33,55350,55352],{"className":35,"code":55351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[17,55353,55354,55390,55394,55399,55410,55414],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55355,55356,55359,55361,55363,55365,55368,55370,55372,55374,55377,55379,55381,55383,55386,55388],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55357,55358],{"class":114},"shopping_cart ",[42,55360,88],{"class":87},[42,55362,3957],{"class":56},[42,55364,61],{"class":60},[42,55366,55367],{"class":64},"milk",[42,55369,61],{"class":60},[42,55371,70],{"class":56},[42,55373,73],{"class":60},[42,55375,55376],{"class":64},"bread",[42,55378,61],{"class":60},[42,55380,70],{"class":56},[42,55382,73],{"class":60},[42,55384,55385],{"class":64},"eggs",[42,55387,61],{"class":60},[42,55389,3970],{"class":56},[42,55391,55392],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55393,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55395,55396],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55397,55398],{"class":525},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[42,55400,55401,55404,55406,55408],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55402,55403],{"class":114},"shopping_cart",[42,55405,122],{"class":56},[42,55407,11737],{"class":125},[42,55409,129],{"class":56},[42,55411,55412],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,55413,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55415,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,55417,284],{"class":52},[42,55419,57],{"class":56},[42,55421,55403],{"class":125},[42,55423,98],{"class":56},[42,55425,54770],{"class":525},[14,55427,55428,55429,55433,55434,55440,55441,122],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[693,55430,55432],{"href":55431},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[693,55435,55437,11093],{"href":55436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[17,55438,55439],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[693,55442,55444,11093],{"href":55443},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[17,55445,55446],{},"list.pop()",[28,55448,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,55450,55452,55453,11445,55456],{"id":55451},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[17,55454,55455],{},"my_list.clear",[17,55457,55458],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,55460,55461],{},"This does not call the method.",[33,55463,55465],{"className":35,"code":55464,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[17,55466,55467,55487,55491,55500],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55468,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483,55485],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55470,8128],{"class":114},[42,55472,88],{"class":87},[42,55474,3957],{"class":56},[42,55476,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55478,70],{"class":56},[42,55480,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55482,70],{"class":56},[42,55484,2781],{"class":2348},[42,55486,3970],{"class":56},[42,55488,55489],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55490,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55492,55493,55495,55497],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55494,8159],{"class":114},[42,55496,122],{"class":56},[42,55498,55499],{"class":2022},"clear\n",[42,55501,55502,55504,55506,55508],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55503,284],{"class":52},[42,55505,57],{"class":56},[42,55507,8159],{"class":125},[42,55509,143],{"class":56},[14,55511,2395],{},[33,55513,55515],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,55516,55517],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55518,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55520,4238],{"class":56},[42,55522,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55524,70],{"class":56},[42,55526,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55528,70],{"class":56},[42,55530,2781],{"class":2348},[42,55532,3970],{"class":56},[14,55534,55535],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,55537,11160],{},[33,55539,55541],{"className":35,"code":55540,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[17,55542,55543,55563,55567,55577],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55544,55545,55547,55549,55551,55553,55555,55557,55559,55561],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55546,8128],{"class":114},[42,55548,88],{"class":87},[42,55550,3957],{"class":56},[42,55552,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55554,70],{"class":56},[42,55556,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55558,70],{"class":56},[42,55560,2781],{"class":2348},[42,55562,3970],{"class":56},[42,55564,55565],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55566,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55568,55569,55571,55573,55575],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55570,8159],{"class":114},[42,55572,122],{"class":56},[42,55574,11737],{"class":125},[42,55576,129],{"class":56},[42,55578,55579,55581,55583,55585,55587],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55580,284],{"class":52},[42,55582,57],{"class":56},[42,55584,8159],{"class":125},[42,55586,98],{"class":56},[42,55588,54770],{"class":525},[1073,55590,8803,55592,55594],{"id":55591},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[17,55593,11675],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,55596,55597,2726,55599,55601],{},[17,55598,11675],{},[17,55600,4115],{},", not the list.",[33,55603,55605],{"className":35,"code":55604,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[17,55606,55607,55627,55641,55645,55657],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55608,55609,55611,55613,55615,55617,55619,55621,55623,55625],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55610,8128],{"class":114},[42,55612,88],{"class":87},[42,55614,3957],{"class":56},[42,55616,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55618,70],{"class":56},[42,55620,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55622,70],{"class":56},[42,55624,2781],{"class":2348},[42,55626,3970],{"class":56},[42,55628,55629,55631,55633,55635,55637,55639],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55630,2555],{"class":114},[42,55632,88],{"class":87},[42,55634,6311],{"class":114},[42,55636,122],{"class":56},[42,55638,11737],{"class":125},[42,55640,129],{"class":56},[42,55642,55643],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55644,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,55646,55647,55649,55651,55653,55655],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55648,284],{"class":52},[42,55650,57],{"class":56},[42,55652,2592],{"class":125},[42,55654,98],{"class":56},[42,55656,21234],{"class":525},[42,55658,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,55660,284],{"class":52},[42,55662,57],{"class":56},[42,55664,8159],{"class":125},[42,55666,98],{"class":56},[42,55668,55018],{"class":525},[1073,55670,1940,55672,55674],{"id":55671},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[17,55673,11675],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,55676,55677,55678,55680],{},"Some types have a ",[17,55679,11675],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,55682,55683],{},"This will fail:",[33,55685,55687],{"className":35,"code":55686,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[17,55688,55689,55701],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55690,55691,55693,55695,55697,55699],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55692,35048],{"class":114},[42,55694,88],{"class":87},[42,55696,73],{"class":60},[42,55698,4183],{"class":64},[42,55700,3689],{"class":60},[42,55702,55703,55705,55707,55709],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55704,444],{"class":114},[42,55706,122],{"class":56},[42,55708,11737],{"class":125},[42,55710,129],{"class":56},[14,55712,55713,55714,33961],{},"A string does not have a ",[17,55715,11675],{},[14,55717,55718,55719,55721],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[17,55720,4115],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,55723,55724],{},"Useful checks:",[33,55726,55728],{"className":35,"code":55727,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[17,55729,55730,55740,55754,55768,55777,55787],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55731,55732,55734,55736,55738],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55733,284],{"class":52},[42,55735,57],{"class":56},[42,55737,8689],{"class":125},[42,55739,143],{"class":56},[42,55741,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,55743,284],{"class":52},[42,55745,57],{"class":56},[42,55747,835],{"class":834},[42,55749,57],{"class":56},[42,55751,8689],{"class":125},[42,55753,842],{"class":56},[42,55755,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,55757,284],{"class":52},[42,55759,57],{"class":56},[42,55761,13005],{"class":52},[42,55763,57],{"class":56},[42,55765,8689],{"class":125},[42,55767,842],{"class":56},[42,55769,55770,55772,55774],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,55771,43911],{"class":114},[42,55773,88],{"class":87},[42,55775,55776],{"class":114}," my_list\n",[42,55778,55779,55781,55783,55785],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,55780,8689],{"class":114},[42,55782,122],{"class":56},[42,55784,11737],{"class":125},[42,55786,129],{"class":56},[42,55788,55789,55791,55793,55795],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,55790,284],{"class":52},[42,55792,57],{"class":56},[42,55794,31102],{"class":125},[42,55796,143],{"class":56},[14,55798,55799],{},"These can help you see:",[167,55801,55802,55805,55808],{},[170,55803,55804],{},"What the variable currently contains",[170,55806,55807],{},"Whether it is really a list",[170,55809,55810],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55812,55813,55814,122],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[693,55815,55816],{"href":54660},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[28,55818,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,55820,13060,55822,55824],{"id":55821},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[17,55823,54713],{}," delete the list?",[14,55826,55827],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1073,55829,13060,55831,55833],{"id":55830},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[17,55832,54713],{}," return a new list?",[14,55835,55836,55837,55839],{},"No. It returns ",[17,55838,4115],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1073,55841,2171,55843,1753,55845,2823],{"id":55842},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[17,55844,11675],{},[17,55846,55221],{},[14,55848,55849,55851,55852,55854],{},[17,55850,11675],{}," empties the same list object. ",[17,55853,55221],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1073,55856,28687,55858,55860],{"id":55857},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[17,55859,11675],{}," on other types?",[14,55862,55863,55864,55866],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[17,55865,11675],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[28,55868,2205],{"id":2204},[167,55870,55871,55875,55880,55887,55894,55900],{},[170,55872,55873],{},[693,55874,53135],{"href":54934},[170,55876,55877],{},[693,55878,55879],{"href":55431},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[170,55881,55882],{},[693,55883,55884,55885,11093],{"href":55443},"Python list ",[17,55886,13119],{},[170,55888,55889],{},[693,55890,55884,55891,11093],{"href":55436},[17,55892,55893],{},"remove()",[170,55895,55896],{},[693,55897,55884,55898,11093],{"href":55324},[17,55899,13133],{},[170,55901,55902],{},[693,55903,30706,55904,33994],{"href":54660},[17,55905,55906],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2245,55908,55909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":55911},[55912,55913,55915,55916,55917,55918,55925,55926,55934,55944],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":54778,"depth":111,"text":55914},"What list.clear() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":55092,"depth":111,"text":55919,"children":55920},"clear() vs assigning []",[55921,55923],{"id":55130,"depth":132,"text":55922},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55218,"depth":132,"text":55924},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12793,"depth":111,"text":13165},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":55927},[55928,55930,55932],{"id":55451,"depth":132,"text":55929},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55591,"depth":132,"text":55931},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55671,"depth":132,"text":55933},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":55935},[55936,55938,55940,55942],{"id":55821,"depth":132,"text":55937},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55830,"depth":132,"text":55939},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55842,"depth":132,"text":55941},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55857,"depth":132,"text":55943},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54700,"description":55945},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55952,"title":55953,"body":55954,"description":57639,"extension":2285,"meta":57640,"navigation":2287,"path":57641,"seo":57642,"stem":57643,"__hash__":57644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55955,"toc":57607},[55956,55961,55967,55975,55977,56066,56073,56078,56082,56096,56098,56175,56177,56238,56241,56243,56245,56266,56269,56283,56286,56331,56333,56341,56344,56350,56356,56359,56436,56438,56483,56486,56491,56574,56576,56617,56622,56626,56632,56634,56642,56645,56738,56740,56798,56801,56817,56822,56832,56837,56839,56844,56849,56852,56854,56911,56914,56967,56973,56978,56982,56999,57001,57085,57087,57128,57136,57138,57143,57149,57151,57214,57219,57289,57293,57328,57331,57333,57372,57376,57452,57458,57464,57469,57491,57494,57513,57521,57523,57529,57532,57539,57547,57552,57555,57559,57565,57573,57576,57578,57604],[10,55957,54706,55959,11676],{"id":55958},"python-list-copy-method",[17,55960,13133],{},[14,55962,55963,55966],{},[17,55964,55965],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55968,55969,55970,1518,55972,55974],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[17,55971,88],{},[177,55973,179],{}," make a real copy.",[28,55976,31],{"id":30},[33,55978,55980],{"className":35,"code":55979,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,55981,55982,56002,56017,56021,56036,56040,56053],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,55983,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,55985,3952],{"class":114},[42,55987,88],{"class":87},[42,55989,3957],{"class":56},[42,55991,3320],{"class":2348},[42,55993,70],{"class":56},[42,55995,3325],{"class":2348},[42,55997,70],{"class":56},[42,55999,2781],{"class":2348},[42,56001,3970],{"class":56},[42,56003,56004,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56005,56006],{"class":114},"new_numbers ",[42,56008,88],{"class":87},[42,56010,4603],{"class":114},[42,56012,122],{"class":56},[42,56014,13268],{"class":125},[42,56016,129],{"class":56},[42,56018,56019],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56020,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56022,56023,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56024,56025],{"class":114},"new_numbers",[42,56027,122],{"class":56},[42,56029,13910],{"class":125},[42,56031,57],{"class":56},[42,56033,2836],{"class":2348},[42,56035,143],{"class":56},[42,56037,56038],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,56039,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56041,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,56043,284],{"class":52},[42,56045,57],{"class":56},[42,56047,3984],{"class":125},[42,56049,98],{"class":56},[42,56051,56052],{"class":525},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[42,56054,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,56056,284],{"class":52},[42,56058,57],{"class":56},[42,56060,56025],{"class":125},[42,56062,98],{"class":56},[42,56064,56065],{"class":525},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,56067,146,56068,56070,56071,122],{},[17,56069,55965],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[177,56072,13207],{},[28,56074,4013,56076,4016],{"id":56075},"what-listcopy-does",[17,56077,55965],{},[14,56079,56080,1935],{},[17,56081,55965],{},[167,56083,56084,56087,56090,56093],{},[170,56085,56086],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[170,56088,56089],{},"Returns that new list",[170,56091,56092],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[170,56094,56095],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,56097,219],{},[33,56099,56101],{"className":35,"code":56100,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[17,56102,56103,56135,56150,56154,56164],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56104,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127,56129,56131,56133],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56106,36599],{"class":114},[42,56108,88],{"class":87},[42,56110,3957],{"class":56},[42,56112,61],{"class":60},[42,56114,4418],{"class":64},[42,56116,61],{"class":60},[42,56118,70],{"class":56},[42,56120,73],{"class":60},[42,56122,4427],{"class":64},[42,56124,61],{"class":60},[42,56126,70],{"class":56},[42,56128,73],{"class":60},[42,56130,33581],{"class":64},[42,56132,61],{"class":60},[42,56134,3970],{"class":56},[42,56136,56137,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56138,56139],{"class":114},"copied_fruits ",[42,56141,88],{"class":87},[42,56143,53215],{"class":114},[42,56145,122],{"class":56},[42,56147,13268],{"class":125},[42,56149,129],{"class":56},[42,56151,56152],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56153,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56155,56156,56158,56160,56162],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56157,284],{"class":52},[42,56159,57],{"class":56},[42,56161,36651],{"class":125},[42,56163,143],{"class":56},[42,56165,56166,56168,56170,56173],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,56167,284],{"class":52},[42,56169,57],{"class":56},[42,56171,56172],{"class":125},"copied_fruits",[42,56174,143],{"class":56},[14,56176,2395],{},[33,56178,56180],{"className":35,"code":56179,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[17,56181,56182,56210],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56183,56184,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56185,4238],{"class":56},[42,56187,868],{"class":60},[42,56189,4418],{"class":64},[42,56191,868],{"class":60},[42,56193,70],{"class":56},[42,56195,862],{"class":60},[42,56197,4427],{"class":64},[42,56199,868],{"class":60},[42,56201,70],{"class":56},[42,56203,862],{"class":60},[42,56205,33581],{"class":64},[42,56207,868],{"class":60},[42,56209,3970],{"class":56},[42,56211,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230,56232,56234,56236],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56213,4238],{"class":56},[42,56215,868],{"class":60},[42,56217,4418],{"class":64},[42,56219,868],{"class":60},[42,56221,70],{"class":56},[42,56223,862],{"class":60},[42,56225,4427],{"class":64},[42,56227,868],{"class":60},[42,56229,70],{"class":56},[42,56231,862],{"class":60},[42,56233,33581],{"class":64},[42,56235,868],{"class":60},[42,56237,3970],{"class":56},[14,56239,56240],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[28,56242,312],{"id":311},[14,56244,2484],{},[33,56246,56248],{"className":35,"code":56247,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[17,56249,56250],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56251,56252,56255,56257,56260,56262,56264],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56253,56254],{"class":114},"new_list ",[42,56256,88],{"class":87},[42,56258,56259],{"class":114}," old_list",[42,56261,122],{"class":56},[42,56263,13268],{"class":125},[42,56265,129],{"class":56},[14,56267,56268],{},"How it works:",[167,56270,56271,56277,56280],{},[170,56272,56273,56274,56276],{},"Call ",[17,56275,13133],{}," on an existing list",[170,56278,56279],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[170,56281,56282],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,56284,56285],{},"Example with an empty list:",[33,56287,56289],{"className":35,"code":56288,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[17,56290,56291,56300,56316,56320],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56292,56293,56296,56298],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56294,56295],{"class":114},"empty_list ",[42,56297,88],{"class":87},[42,56299,8188],{"class":56},[42,56301,56302,56305,56307,56310,56312,56314],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56303,56304],{"class":114},"new_empty_list ",[42,56306,88],{"class":87},[42,56308,56309],{"class":114}," empty_list",[42,56311,122],{"class":56},[42,56313,13268],{"class":125},[42,56315,129],{"class":56},[42,56317,56318],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56319,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56321,56322,56324,56326,56329],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56323,284],{"class":52},[42,56325,57],{"class":56},[42,56327,56328],{"class":125},"new_empty_list",[42,56330,143],{"class":56},[14,56332,2395],{},[33,56334,56335],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,56336,56337],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56338,56339],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56340,38659],{"class":56},[14,56342,56343],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[28,56345,56347,56348],{"id":56346},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[17,56349,88],{},[14,56351,1940,56352,1518,56354,53031],{},[17,56353,88],{},[177,56355,179],{},[14,56357,56358],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[33,56360,56362],{"className":35,"code":56361,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[17,56363,56364,56384,56393,56397,56412,56416,56426],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56365,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56367,3952],{"class":114},[42,56369,88],{"class":87},[42,56371,3957],{"class":56},[42,56373,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56375,70],{"class":56},[42,56377,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56379,70],{"class":56},[42,56381,2781],{"class":2348},[42,56383,3970],{"class":56},[42,56385,56386,56389,56391],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56387,56388],{"class":114},"same_list ",[42,56390,88],{"class":87},[42,56392,44344],{"class":114},[42,56394,56395],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56396,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56398,56399,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56400,56401],{"class":114},"same_list",[42,56403,122],{"class":56},[42,56405,13910],{"class":125},[42,56407,57],{"class":56},[42,56409,2836],{"class":2348},[42,56411,143],{"class":56},[42,56413,56414],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,56415,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56417,56418,56420,56422,56424],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,56419,284],{"class":52},[42,56421,57],{"class":56},[42,56423,3984],{"class":125},[42,56425,143],{"class":56},[42,56427,56428,56430,56432,56434],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,56429,284],{"class":52},[42,56431,57],{"class":56},[42,56433,56401],{"class":125},[42,56435,143],{"class":56},[14,56437,2395],{},[33,56439,56441],{"className":35,"code":56440,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,56442,56443,56463],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56444,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56446,4238],{"class":56},[42,56448,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56450,70],{"class":56},[42,56452,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56454,70],{"class":56},[42,56456,2781],{"class":2348},[42,56458,70],{"class":56},[42,56460,2787],{"class":2348},[42,56462,3970],{"class":56},[42,56464,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56466,4238],{"class":56},[42,56468,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56470,70],{"class":56},[42,56472,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56474,70],{"class":56},[42,56476,2781],{"class":2348},[42,56478,70],{"class":56},[42,56480,2787],{"class":2348},[42,56482,3970],{"class":56},[14,56484,56485],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,56487,56488,56489,1935],{},"Now compare that with ",[17,56490,13133],{},[33,56492,56494],{"className":35,"code":56493,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[17,56495,56496,56516,56531,56535,56550,56554,56564],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56499,3952],{"class":114},[42,56501,88],{"class":87},[42,56503,3957],{"class":56},[42,56505,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56507,70],{"class":56},[42,56509,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56511,70],{"class":56},[42,56513,2781],{"class":2348},[42,56515,3970],{"class":56},[42,56517,56518,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56519,56520],{"class":114},"copied_numbers ",[42,56522,88],{"class":87},[42,56524,4603],{"class":114},[42,56526,122],{"class":56},[42,56528,13268],{"class":125},[42,56530,129],{"class":56},[42,56532,56533],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56534,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56536,56537,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56538,56539],{"class":114},"copied_numbers",[42,56541,122],{"class":56},[42,56543,13910],{"class":125},[42,56545,57],{"class":56},[42,56547,2836],{"class":2348},[42,56549,143],{"class":56},[42,56551,56552],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,56553,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56555,56556,56558,56560,56562],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,56557,284],{"class":52},[42,56559,57],{"class":56},[42,56561,3984],{"class":125},[42,56563,143],{"class":56},[42,56565,56566,56568,56570,56572],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,56567,284],{"class":52},[42,56569,57],{"class":56},[42,56571,56539],{"class":125},[42,56573,143],{"class":56},[14,56575,2395],{},[33,56577,56579],{"className":35,"code":56578,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,56580,56581,56597],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56582,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593,56595],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56584,4238],{"class":56},[42,56586,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56588,70],{"class":56},[42,56590,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56592,70],{"class":56},[42,56594,2781],{"class":2348},[42,56596,3970],{"class":56},[42,56598,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613,56615],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56600,4238],{"class":56},[42,56602,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56604,70],{"class":56},[42,56606,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56608,70],{"class":56},[42,56610,2781],{"class":2348},[42,56612,70],{"class":56},[42,56614,2787],{"class":2348},[42,56616,3970],{"class":56},[14,56618,56619,56620,122],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[693,56621,53135],{"href":51342},[28,56623,56625],{"id":56624},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,56627,56628,13204,56630,122],{},[17,56629,55965],{},[177,56631,13207],{},[14,56633,2432],{},[167,56635,56636,56639],{},[170,56637,56638],{},"The outer list is new",[170,56640,56641],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,56643,56644],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[33,56646,56648],{"className":35,"code":56647,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[17,56649,56650,56677,56691,56695,56714,56718,56728],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56651,56652,56654,56656,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56653,12441],{"class":114},[42,56655,88],{"class":87},[42,56657,56658],{"class":56}," [[",[42,56660,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56662,70],{"class":56},[42,56664,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56666,18421],{"class":56},[42,56668,3957],{"class":56},[42,56670,2387],{"class":2348},[42,56672,70],{"class":56},[42,56674,2787],{"class":2348},[42,56676,53606],{"class":56},[42,56678,56679,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56680,14668],{"class":114},[42,56682,88],{"class":87},[42,56684,12516],{"class":114},[42,56686,122],{"class":56},[42,56688,13268],{"class":125},[42,56690,129],{"class":56},[42,56692,56693],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56694,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56696,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707,56709,56712],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56698,14687],{"class":114},[42,56700,4238],{"class":56},[42,56702,2445],{"class":2348},[42,56704,13907],{"class":56},[42,56706,13910],{"class":125},[42,56708,57],{"class":56},[42,56710,56711],{"class":2348},"99",[42,56713,143],{"class":56},[42,56715,56716],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,56717,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56719,56720,56722,56724,56726],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,56721,284],{"class":52},[42,56723,57],{"class":56},[42,56725,12488],{"class":125},[42,56727,143],{"class":56},[42,56729,56730,56732,56734,56736],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,56731,284],{"class":52},[42,56733,57],{"class":56},[42,56735,14687],{"class":125},[42,56737,143],{"class":56},[14,56739,2395],{},[33,56741,56743],{"className":35,"code":56742,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,56744,56745,56772],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56746,56747,56750,56752,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764,56766,56768,56770],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56748,56749],{"class":56},"[[",[42,56751,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56753,70],{"class":56},[42,56755,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56757,70],{"class":56},[42,56759,10548],{"class":2348},[42,56761,18421],{"class":56},[42,56763,3957],{"class":56},[42,56765,2387],{"class":2348},[42,56767,70],{"class":56},[42,56769,2787],{"class":2348},[42,56771,53606],{"class":56},[42,56773,56774,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56775,56749],{"class":56},[42,56777,3320],{"class":2348},[42,56779,70],{"class":56},[42,56781,3325],{"class":2348},[42,56783,70],{"class":56},[42,56785,10548],{"class":2348},[42,56787,18421],{"class":56},[42,56789,3957],{"class":56},[42,56791,2387],{"class":2348},[42,56793,70],{"class":56},[42,56795,2787],{"class":2348},[42,56797,53606],{"class":56},[14,56799,56800],{},"Why did both change?",[167,56802,56803,56810],{},[170,56804,56805,1753,56807,56809],{},[17,56806,12488],{},[17,56808,14687],{}," are different outer lists",[170,56811,56812,56813,56816],{},"But the inner list ",[17,56814,56815],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56818,54017,56819,56821],{},[17,56820,13133],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[167,56823,56824,56827,56830],{},[170,56825,56826],{},"Numbers",[170,56828,56829],{},"Strings",[170,56831,40958],{},[14,56833,56834,56835,122],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[693,56836,14148],{"href":14147},[28,56838,17778],{"id":17777},[14,56840,56841,56843],{},[17,56842,55965],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56845,175,56846,56848],{},[177,56847,179],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56850,56851],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56853,17014],{},[33,56855,56857],{"className":35,"code":56856,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,56858,56859,56883,56897,56901],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56860,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56862,13433],{"class":114},[42,56864,88],{"class":87},[42,56866,3957],{"class":56},[42,56868,61],{"class":60},[42,56870,13450],{"class":64},[42,56872,61],{"class":60},[42,56874,70],{"class":56},[42,56876,73],{"class":60},[42,56878,13467],{"class":64},[42,56880,61],{"class":60},[42,56882,3970],{"class":56},[42,56884,56885,56887,56889,56891,56893,56895],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56886,13476],{"class":114},[42,56888,88],{"class":87},[42,56890,13481],{"class":114},[42,56892,122],{"class":56},[42,56894,13268],{"class":125},[42,56896,129],{"class":56},[42,56898,56899],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56900,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56902,56903,56905,56907,56909],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56904,284],{"class":52},[42,56906,57],{"class":56},[42,56908,13500],{"class":125},[42,56910,143],{"class":56},[14,56912,56913],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[33,56915,56917],{"className":35,"code":56916,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,56918,56919,56943,56953,56957],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,56920,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,56922,13433],{"class":114},[42,56924,88],{"class":87},[42,56926,3957],{"class":56},[42,56928,61],{"class":60},[42,56930,13450],{"class":64},[42,56932,61],{"class":60},[42,56934,70],{"class":56},[42,56936,73],{"class":60},[42,56938,13467],{"class":64},[42,56940,61],{"class":60},[42,56942,3970],{"class":56},[42,56944,56945,56947,56949,56951],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,56946,17861],{"class":114},[42,56948,122],{"class":56},[42,56950,13268],{"class":125},[42,56952,129],{"class":56},[42,56954,56955],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,56956,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,56958,56959,56961,56963,56965],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,56960,284],{"class":52},[42,56962,57],{"class":56},[42,56964,17861],{"class":125},[42,56966,143],{"class":56},[14,56968,56969,56970,56972],{},"In the second example, ",[17,56971,13133],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[28,56974,5303,56976],{"id":56975},"when-to-use-listcopy",[17,56977,55965],{},[14,56979,146,56980,10953],{},[17,56981,55965],{},[167,56983,56984,56987,56990,56993],{},[170,56985,56986],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[170,56988,56989],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[170,56991,56992],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[170,56994,56995,56996],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[17,56997,56998],{},"[:]",[14,57000,219],{},[33,57002,57004],{"className":35,"code":57003,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[17,57005,57006,57026,57041,57045,57060,57064,57074],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57007,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57009,5406],{"class":114},[42,57011,88],{"class":87},[42,57013,3957],{"class":56},[42,57015,2659],{"class":2348},[42,57017,70],{"class":56},[42,57019,8139],{"class":2348},[42,57021,70],{"class":56},[42,57023,8144],{"class":2348},[42,57025,3970],{"class":56},[42,57027,57028,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57029,57030],{"class":114},"backup_scores ",[42,57032,88],{"class":87},[42,57034,5453],{"class":114},[42,57036,122],{"class":56},[42,57038,13268],{"class":125},[42,57040,129],{"class":56},[42,57042,57043],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,57044,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,57046,57047,57049,57051,57053,57055,57058],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,57048,16747],{"class":114},[42,57050,122],{"class":56},[42,57052,13910],{"class":125},[42,57054,57],{"class":56},[42,57056,57057],{"class":2348},"40",[42,57059,143],{"class":56},[42,57061,57062],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,57063,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,57065,57066,57068,57070,57072],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,57067,284],{"class":52},[42,57069,57],{"class":56},[42,57071,16747],{"class":125},[42,57073,143],{"class":56},[42,57075,57076,57078,57080,57083],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,57077,284],{"class":52},[42,57079,57],{"class":56},[42,57081,57082],{"class":125},"backup_scores",[42,57084,143],{"class":56},[14,57086,2395],{},[33,57088,57090],{"className":35,"code":57089,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,57091,57092,57112],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57093,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57095,4238],{"class":56},[42,57097,2659],{"class":2348},[42,57099,70],{"class":56},[42,57101,8139],{"class":2348},[42,57103,70],{"class":56},[42,57105,8144],{"class":2348},[42,57107,70],{"class":56},[42,57109,51206],{"class":2348},[42,57111,3970],{"class":56},[42,57113,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57115,4238],{"class":56},[42,57117,2659],{"class":2348},[42,57119,70],{"class":56},[42,57121,8139],{"class":2348},[42,57123,70],{"class":56},[42,57125,8144],{"class":2348},[42,57127,3970],{"class":56},[14,57129,57130,57131,122],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[693,57132,55884,57134,11093],{"href":57133},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[17,57135,53016],{},[28,57137,4859],{"id":4858},[14,57139,57140,57141,122],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[17,57142,55965],{},[1073,57144,1940,57146,57148],{"id":57145},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[17,57147,88],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,57150,39561],{},[33,57152,57154],{"className":35,"code":57153,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,57155,57156,57176,57184,57198,57202],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57157,57158,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57159,2886],{"class":114},[42,57161,88],{"class":87},[42,57163,3957],{"class":56},[42,57165,3320],{"class":2348},[42,57167,70],{"class":56},[42,57169,3325],{"class":2348},[42,57171,70],{"class":56},[42,57173,2781],{"class":2348},[42,57175,3970],{"class":56},[42,57177,57178,57180,57182],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57179,2914],{"class":114},[42,57181,88],{"class":87},[42,57183,36535],{"class":114},[42,57185,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,57187,5102],{"class":114},[42,57189,122],{"class":56},[42,57191,13910],{"class":125},[42,57193,57],{"class":56},[42,57195,2836],{"class":2348},[42,57197,143],{"class":56},[42,57199,57200],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,57201,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,57203,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,57205,284],{"class":52},[42,57207,57],{"class":56},[42,57209,693],{"class":125},[42,57211,98],{"class":56},[42,57213,56065],{"class":525},[14,57215,57216,57217,6978],{},"Fix: use ",[17,57218,13133],{},[33,57220,57222],{"className":35,"code":57221,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,57223,57224,57244,57259,57273,57277],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57225,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57227,2886],{"class":114},[42,57229,88],{"class":87},[42,57231,3957],{"class":56},[42,57233,3320],{"class":2348},[42,57235,70],{"class":56},[42,57237,3325],{"class":2348},[42,57239,70],{"class":56},[42,57241,2781],{"class":2348},[42,57243,3970],{"class":56},[42,57245,57246,57248,57250,57253,57255,57257],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57247,2914],{"class":114},[42,57249,88],{"class":87},[42,57251,57252],{"class":114}," a",[42,57254,122],{"class":56},[42,57256,13268],{"class":125},[42,57258,129],{"class":56},[42,57260,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,57262,5102],{"class":114},[42,57264,122],{"class":56},[42,57266,13910],{"class":125},[42,57268,57],{"class":56},[42,57270,2836],{"class":2348},[42,57272,143],{"class":56},[42,57274,57275],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,57276,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,57278,57279,57281,57283,57285,57287],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,57280,284],{"class":52},[42,57282,57],{"class":56},[42,57284,693],{"class":125},[42,57286,98],{"class":56},[42,57288,55296],{"class":525},[1073,57290,57292],{"id":57291},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[33,57294,57296],{"className":35,"code":57295,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[17,57297,57298,57318],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57299,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57301,3952],{"class":114},[42,57303,88],{"class":87},[42,57305,3957],{"class":56},[42,57307,3320],{"class":2348},[42,57309,70],{"class":56},[42,57311,3325],{"class":2348},[42,57313,70],{"class":56},[42,57315,2781],{"class":2348},[42,57317,3970],{"class":56},[42,57319,57320,57322,57324,57326],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57321,3984],{"class":114},[42,57323,122],{"class":56},[42,57325,13268],{"class":125},[42,57327,129],{"class":56},[14,57329,57330],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,57332,39624],{},[33,57334,57336],{"className":35,"code":57335,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[17,57337,57338,57358],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57339,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57341,3952],{"class":114},[42,57343,88],{"class":87},[42,57345,3957],{"class":56},[42,57347,3320],{"class":2348},[42,57349,70],{"class":56},[42,57351,3325],{"class":2348},[42,57353,70],{"class":56},[42,57355,2781],{"class":2348},[42,57357,3970],{"class":56},[42,57359,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57361,56520],{"class":114},[42,57363,88],{"class":87},[42,57365,4603],{"class":114},[42,57367,122],{"class":56},[42,57369,13268],{"class":125},[42,57371,129],{"class":56},[1073,57373,57375],{"id":57374},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[33,57377,57379],{"className":35,"code":57378,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[17,57380,57381,57399,57413,57417,57435,57439],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57382,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57384,2886],{"class":114},[42,57386,88],{"class":87},[42,57388,56658],{"class":56},[42,57390,3320],{"class":2348},[42,57392,18421],{"class":56},[42,57394,3957],{"class":56},[42,57396,2381],{"class":2348},[42,57398,53606],{"class":56},[42,57400,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57402,2914],{"class":114},[42,57404,88],{"class":87},[42,57406,57252],{"class":114},[42,57408,122],{"class":56},[42,57410,13268],{"class":125},[42,57412,129],{"class":56},[42,57414,57415],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,57416,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,57418,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,57420,5102],{"class":114},[42,57422,4238],{"class":56},[42,57424,2445],{"class":2348},[42,57426,13907],{"class":56},[42,57428,13910],{"class":125},[42,57430,57],{"class":56},[42,57432,56711],{"class":2348},[42,57434,143],{"class":56},[42,57436,57437],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,57438,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,57440,57441,57443,57445,57447,57449],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,57442,284],{"class":52},[42,57444,57],{"class":56},[42,57446,693],{"class":125},[42,57448,98],{"class":56},[42,57450,57451],{"class":525},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,57453,57454,57455,57457],{},"Fix: remember that ",[17,57456,55965],{}," is shallow.",[1073,57459,25974,57461,57463],{"id":57460},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[17,57462,13133],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,57465,57466,57468],{},[17,57467,13133],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[33,57470,57472],{"className":35,"code":57471,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[17,57473,57474,57486],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57475,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57477,8226],{"class":114},[42,57479,88],{"class":87},[42,57481,73],{"class":60},[42,57483,5346],{"class":64},[42,57485,3689],{"class":60},[42,57487,57488],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57489,57490],{"class":525},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,57492,57493],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[33,57495,57497],{"className":35,"code":57496,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(name))\n",[17,57498,57499],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57500,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57502,284],{"class":52},[42,57504,57],{"class":56},[42,57506,835],{"class":834},[42,57508,57],{"class":56},[42,57510,8016],{"class":125},[42,57512,842],{"class":56},[14,57514,57515,57516,57520],{},"You can also review ",[693,57517,57519],{"href":57518},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[28,57522,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,57524,13060,57526,57528],{"id":57525},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[17,57527,55965],{}," change the original list?",[14,57530,57531],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1073,57533,2171,57535,1753,57537,2823],{"id":57534},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[17,57536,55965],{},[17,57538,88],{},[14,57540,57541,57543,57544,57546],{},[17,57542,13133],{}," creates a new list. ",[17,57545,88],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1073,57548,15260,57550,15263],{"id":57549},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[17,57551,55965],{},[14,57553,57554],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1073,57556,57558],{"id":57557},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,57560,42515,57561,57564],{},[17,57562,57563],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1073,57566,15260,57568,57570,57571,2823],{"id":57567},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[17,57569,55965],{}," the same as ",[17,57572,56998],{},[14,57574,57575],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[28,57577,2205],{"id":2204},[167,57579,57580,57585,57589,57594,57600],{},[170,57581,57582],{},[693,57583,15322],{"href":57584},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[170,57586,57587],{},[693,57588,53135],{"href":51342},[170,57590,57591],{},[693,57592,57593],{"href":57518},"Creating a list in Python",[170,57595,57596],{},[693,57597,55884,57598,11093],{"href":57133},[17,57599,53016],{},[170,57601,57602],{},[693,57603,14148],{"href":14147},[2245,57605,57606],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":57608},[57609,57610,57612,57613,57615,57616,57617,57619,57627,57638],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":56075,"depth":111,"text":57611},"What list.copy() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":56346,"depth":111,"text":57614},"Why not use =",{"id":56624,"depth":111,"text":56625},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":56975,"depth":111,"text":57618},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":57620},[57621,57623,57624,57625],{"id":57145,"depth":132,"text":57622},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57291,"depth":132,"text":57292},{"id":57374,"depth":132,"text":57375},{"id":57460,"depth":132,"text":57626},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":57628},[57629,57631,57633,57635,57636],{"id":57525,"depth":132,"text":57630},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57534,"depth":132,"text":57632},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57549,"depth":132,"text":57634},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57557,"depth":132,"text":57558},{"id":57567,"depth":132,"text":57637},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55953,"description":57639},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57646,"title":57647,"body":57648,"description":59390,"extension":2285,"meta":59391,"navigation":2287,"path":59392,"seo":59393,"stem":59394,"__hash__":59395},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57649,"toc":59349},[57650,57656,57662,57665,57676,57679,57681,57744,57750,57755,57759,57773,57776,57781,57786,57788,57790,57809,57821,57823,57890,57892,57900,57905,57907,57915,57918,57935,57937,58061,58072,58076,58081,58084,58086,58104,58108,58194,58203,58211,58280,58282,58285,58297,58302,58306,58377,58380,58384,58388,58453,58455,58463,58467,58550,58552,58560,58564,58625,58627,58635,58639,58726,58728,58736,58741,58746,58749,58760,58762,58847,58852,58861,58863,58867,58871,58876,58938,58942,58950,58956,58965,58970,59019,59022,59043,59047,59109,59116,59121,59124,59211,59214,59225,59228,59248,59250,59256,59259,59263,59267,59273,59276,59282,59289,59297,59308,59310,59346],[10,57651,54706,57653,11676],{"id":57652},"python-list-count-method",[17,57654,57655],{},"count()",[14,57657,57658,57661],{},[17,57659,57660],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,57663,57664],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[167,57666,57667,57670,57673],{},[170,57668,57669],{},"count one specific item",[170,57671,57672],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[170,57674,57675],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,57677,57678],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[28,57680,3942],{"id":3941},[33,57682,57684],{"className":35,"code":57683,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[17,57685,57686,57714,57732],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57687,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57689,3952],{"class":114},[42,57691,88],{"class":87},[42,57693,3957],{"class":56},[42,57695,3320],{"class":2348},[42,57697,70],{"class":56},[42,57699,3325],{"class":2348},[42,57701,70],{"class":56},[42,57703,3325],{"class":2348},[42,57705,70],{"class":56},[42,57707,2781],{"class":2348},[42,57709,70],{"class":56},[42,57711,3325],{"class":2348},[42,57713,3970],{"class":56},[42,57715,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57717,2555],{"class":114},[42,57719,88],{"class":87},[42,57721,4603],{"class":114},[42,57723,122],{"class":56},[42,57725,41622],{"class":125},[42,57727,57],{"class":56},[42,57729,2381],{"class":2348},[42,57731,143],{"class":56},[42,57733,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,57735,284],{"class":52},[42,57737,57],{"class":56},[42,57739,2592],{"class":125},[42,57741,98],{"class":56},[42,57743,51133],{"class":525},[14,57745,146,57746,57749],{},[17,57747,57748],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[28,57751,4013,57753,4016],{"id":57752},"what-listcount-does",[17,57754,57660],{},[14,57756,57757,1935],{},[17,57758,57660],{},[167,57760,57761,57764,57767,57770],{},[170,57762,57763],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[170,57765,57766],{},"returns an integer",[170,57768,57769],{},"does not change the original list",[170,57771,57772],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57774,57775],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57777,57778,57779,122],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[17,57780,2387],{},[14,57782,57783,57784,122],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[17,57785,2445],{},[28,57787,312],{"id":311},[14,57789,2484],{},[33,57791,57793],{"className":35,"code":57792,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.count(value)\n",[17,57794,57795],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57796,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57798,8689],{"class":114},[42,57800,122],{"class":56},[42,57802,41622],{"class":125},[42,57804,57],{"class":56},[42,57806,2803],{"class":125},[42,57808,143],{"class":56},[167,57810,57811,57816],{},[170,57812,57813,57815],{},[17,57814,8689],{}," is the list you want to search",[170,57817,57818,57820],{},[17,57819,2803],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57822,219],{},[33,57824,57826],{"className":35,"code":57825,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,57827,57828,57868],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57829,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57831,36450],{"class":114},[42,57833,88],{"class":87},[42,57835,3957],{"class":56},[42,57837,61],{"class":60},[42,57839,693],{"class":64},[42,57841,61],{"class":60},[42,57843,70],{"class":56},[42,57845,73],{"class":60},[42,57847,5102],{"class":64},[42,57849,61],{"class":60},[42,57851,70],{"class":56},[42,57853,73],{"class":60},[42,57855,693],{"class":64},[42,57857,61],{"class":60},[42,57859,70],{"class":56},[42,57861,73],{"class":60},[42,57863,10090],{"class":64},[42,57865,61],{"class":60},[42,57867,3970],{"class":56},[42,57869,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57871,284],{"class":52},[42,57873,57],{"class":56},[42,57875,36503],{"class":125},[42,57877,122],{"class":56},[42,57879,41622],{"class":125},[42,57881,57],{"class":56},[42,57883,61],{"class":60},[42,57885,693],{"class":64},[42,57887,61],{"class":60},[42,57889,842],{"class":56},[14,57891,2395],{},[33,57893,57894],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,57895,57896],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57897,57898],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57899,17415],{"class":2348},[14,57901,57902,57903,122],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[17,57904,2445],{},[28,57906,38382],{"id":38381},[14,57908,57909,57910,57912,57913,122],{},"The return value from ",[17,57911,57655],{}," is always an ",[17,57914,2513],{},[14,57916,57917],{},"Possible results:",[167,57919,57920,57925,57930],{},[170,57921,57922,57924],{},[17,57923,2445],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[170,57926,57927,57929],{},[17,57928,3320],{}," if it appears once",[170,57931,57932,57934],{},[17,57933,2381],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57936,219],{},[33,57938,57940],{"className":35,"code":57939,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[17,57941,57942,57982,57986,58011,58036],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,57943,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,57945,13433],{"class":114},[42,57947,88],{"class":87},[42,57949,3957],{"class":56},[42,57951,61],{"class":60},[42,57953,13450],{"class":64},[42,57955,61],{"class":60},[42,57957,70],{"class":56},[42,57959,73],{"class":60},[42,57961,13467],{"class":64},[42,57963,61],{"class":60},[42,57965,70],{"class":56},[42,57967,73],{"class":60},[42,57969,17814],{"class":64},[42,57971,61],{"class":60},[42,57973,70],{"class":56},[42,57975,73],{"class":60},[42,57977,13467],{"class":64},[42,57979,61],{"class":60},[42,57981,3970],{"class":56},[42,57983,57984],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,57985,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,57987,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,57989,284],{"class":52},[42,57991,57],{"class":56},[42,57993,17861],{"class":125},[42,57995,122],{"class":56},[42,57997,41622],{"class":125},[42,57999,57],{"class":56},[42,58001,61],{"class":60},[42,58003,13467],{"class":64},[42,58005,61],{"class":60},[42,58007,5705],{"class":56},[42,58009,58010],{"class":525},"   # 2\n",[42,58012,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,58014,284],{"class":52},[42,58016,57],{"class":56},[42,58018,17861],{"class":125},[42,58020,122],{"class":56},[42,58022,41622],{"class":125},[42,58024,57],{"class":56},[42,58026,61],{"class":60},[42,58028,13450],{"class":64},[42,58030,61],{"class":60},[42,58032,5705],{"class":56},[42,58034,58035],{"class":525},"    # 1\n",[42,58037,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,58039,284],{"class":52},[42,58041,57],{"class":56},[42,58043,17861],{"class":125},[42,58045,122],{"class":56},[42,58047,41622],{"class":125},[42,58049,57],{"class":56},[42,58051,61],{"class":60},[42,58053,22881],{"class":64},[42,58055,61],{"class":60},[42,58057,5705],{"class":56},[42,58059,58060],{"class":525}," # 0\n",[14,58062,58063,58064,58066,58067,58069,58070,122],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[17,58065,57655],{}," works, but using ",[17,58068,1299],{}," is often simpler. See ",[693,58071,6544],{"href":6543},[28,58073,58075],{"id":58074},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,58077,58078,58080],{},[17,58079,57660],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,58082,58083],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,58085,44012],{},[167,58087,58088,58091,58094,58101],{},[170,58089,58090],{},"matches are based on equality",[170,58092,58093],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[170,58095,58096,1753,58098,58100],{},[17,58097,3320],{},[17,58099,3937],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[170,58102,58103],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1073,58105,58107],{"id":58106},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[33,58109,58111],{"className":35,"code":58110,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[17,58112,58113,58146,58170],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58114,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58116,4409],{"class":114},[42,58118,88],{"class":87},[42,58120,3957],{"class":56},[42,58122,61],{"class":60},[42,58124,4418],{"class":64},[42,58126,61],{"class":60},[42,58128,70],{"class":56},[42,58130,73],{"class":60},[42,58132,58133],{"class":64},"Apple",[42,58135,61],{"class":60},[42,58137,70],{"class":56},[42,58139,73],{"class":60},[42,58141,4418],{"class":64},[42,58143,61],{"class":60},[42,58145,3970],{"class":56},[42,58147,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58149,284],{"class":52},[42,58151,57],{"class":56},[42,58153,4453],{"class":125},[42,58155,122],{"class":56},[42,58157,41622],{"class":125},[42,58159,57],{"class":56},[42,58161,61],{"class":60},[42,58163,4418],{"class":64},[42,58165,61],{"class":60},[42,58167,5705],{"class":56},[42,58169,51778],{"class":525},[42,58171,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,58173,284],{"class":52},[42,58175,57],{"class":56},[42,58177,4453],{"class":125},[42,58179,122],{"class":56},[42,58181,41622],{"class":125},[42,58183,57],{"class":56},[42,58185,61],{"class":60},[42,58187,58133],{"class":64},[42,58189,61],{"class":60},[42,58191,5705],{"class":56},[42,58193,28138],{"class":525},[14,58195,58196,1753,58199,58202],{},[17,58197,58198],{},"\"apple\"",[17,58200,58201],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1073,58204,58206,1753,58208,58210],{"id":58205},"_1-and-true-can-match",[17,58207,3320],{},[17,58209,3937],{}," can match",[33,58212,58214],{"className":35,"code":58213,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[17,58215,58216,58240,58260],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58217,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58219,4160],{"class":114},[42,58221,88],{"class":87},[42,58223,3957],{"class":56},[42,58225,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58227,70],{"class":56},[42,58229,4254],{"class":4190},[42,58231,70],{"class":56},[42,58233,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58235,70],{"class":56},[42,58237,5842],{"class":2348},[42,58239,3970],{"class":56},[42,58241,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58243,284],{"class":52},[42,58245,57],{"class":56},[42,58247,5702],{"class":125},[42,58249,122],{"class":56},[42,58251,41622],{"class":125},[42,58253,57],{"class":56},[42,58255,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58257,5705],{"class":56},[42,58259,51281],{"class":525},[42,58261,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,58263,284],{"class":52},[42,58265,57],{"class":56},[42,58267,5702],{"class":125},[42,58269,122],{"class":56},[42,58271,41622],{"class":125},[42,58273,57],{"class":56},[42,58275,3937],{"class":4190},[42,58277,5705],{"class":56},[42,58279,51133],{"class":525},[14,58281,4750],{},[14,58283,58284],{},"In Python:",[167,58286,58287,58292],{},[170,58288,58289],{},[17,58290,58291],{},"True == 1",[170,58293,58294],{},[17,58295,58296],{},"False == 0",[14,58298,54017,58299,58301],{},[17,58300,57655],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1073,58303,58305],{"id":58304},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[33,58307,58309],{"className":35,"code":58308,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[17,58310,58311,58353],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58312,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58314,8128],{"class":114},[42,58316,88],{"class":87},[42,58318,56658],{"class":56},[42,58320,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58322,70],{"class":56},[42,58324,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58326,18421],{"class":56},[42,58328,3957],{"class":56},[42,58330,2387],{"class":2348},[42,58332,70],{"class":56},[42,58334,2787],{"class":2348},[42,58336,18421],{"class":56},[42,58338,3957],{"class":56},[42,58340,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58342,70],{"class":56},[42,58344,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58346,18421],{"class":56},[42,58348,3957],{"class":56},[42,58350,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58352,53606],{"class":56},[42,58354,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58356,284],{"class":52},[42,58358,57],{"class":56},[42,58360,8159],{"class":125},[42,58362,122],{"class":56},[42,58364,41622],{"class":125},[42,58366,3317],{"class":56},[42,58368,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58370,70],{"class":56},[42,58372,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58374,5076],{"class":56},[42,58376,51778],{"class":525},[14,58378,58379],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[28,58381,58383],{"id":58382},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1073,58385,58387],{"id":58386},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[33,58389,58391],{"className":35,"code":58390,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58392,58393,58421,58439,58443],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58394,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58396,3952],{"class":114},[42,58398,88],{"class":87},[42,58400,3957],{"class":56},[42,58402,2659],{"class":2348},[42,58404,70],{"class":56},[42,58406,8139],{"class":2348},[42,58408,70],{"class":56},[42,58410,6350],{"class":2348},[42,58412,70],{"class":56},[42,58414,8144],{"class":2348},[42,58416,70],{"class":56},[42,58418,6350],{"class":2348},[42,58420,3970],{"class":56},[42,58422,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58424,2555],{"class":114},[42,58426,88],{"class":87},[42,58428,4603],{"class":114},[42,58430,122],{"class":56},[42,58432,41622],{"class":125},[42,58434,57],{"class":56},[42,58436,2659],{"class":2348},[42,58438,143],{"class":56},[42,58440,58441],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,58442,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,58444,58445,58447,58449,58451],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,58446,284],{"class":52},[42,58448,57],{"class":56},[42,58450,2592],{"class":125},[42,58452,143],{"class":56},[14,58454,2395],{},[33,58456,58457],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,58458,58459],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58460,58461],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58462,46980],{"class":2348},[1073,58464,58466],{"id":58465},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[33,58468,58470],{"className":35,"code":58469,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58471,58472,58514,58536,58540],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58473,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484,58486,58488,58490,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58510,58512],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58475,4409],{"class":114},[42,58477,88],{"class":87},[42,58479,3957],{"class":56},[42,58481,61],{"class":60},[42,58483,37408],{"class":64},[42,58485,61],{"class":60},[42,58487,70],{"class":56},[42,58489,73],{"class":60},[42,58491,58492],{"class":64},"dog",[42,58494,61],{"class":60},[42,58496,70],{"class":56},[42,58498,73],{"class":60},[42,58500,37408],{"class":64},[42,58502,61],{"class":60},[42,58504,70],{"class":56},[42,58506,73],{"class":60},[42,58508,58509],{"class":64},"bird",[42,58511,61],{"class":60},[42,58513,3970],{"class":56},[42,58515,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532,58534],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58517,2555],{"class":114},[42,58519,88],{"class":87},[42,58521,6514],{"class":114},[42,58523,122],{"class":56},[42,58525,41622],{"class":125},[42,58527,57],{"class":56},[42,58529,61],{"class":60},[42,58531,37408],{"class":64},[42,58533,61],{"class":60},[42,58535,143],{"class":56},[42,58537,58538],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,58539,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,58541,58542,58544,58546,58548],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,58543,284],{"class":52},[42,58545,57],{"class":56},[42,58547,2592],{"class":125},[42,58549,143],{"class":56},[14,58551,2395],{},[33,58553,58554],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,58555,58556],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58557,58558],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58559,17415],{"class":2348},[1073,58561,58563],{"id":58562},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[33,58565,58567],{"className":35,"code":58566,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58568,58569,58593,58611,58615],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58570,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589,58591],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58572,3952],{"class":114},[42,58574,88],{"class":87},[42,58576,3957],{"class":56},[42,58578,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58580,70],{"class":56},[42,58582,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58584,70],{"class":56},[42,58586,2781],{"class":2348},[42,58588,70],{"class":56},[42,58590,2787],{"class":2348},[42,58592,3970],{"class":56},[42,58594,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58596,2555],{"class":114},[42,58598,88],{"class":87},[42,58600,4603],{"class":114},[42,58602,122],{"class":56},[42,58604,41622],{"class":125},[42,58606,57],{"class":56},[42,58608,2461],{"class":2348},[42,58610,143],{"class":56},[42,58612,58613],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,58614,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,58616,58617,58619,58621,58623],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,58618,284],{"class":52},[42,58620,57],{"class":56},[42,58622,2592],{"class":125},[42,58624,143],{"class":56},[14,58626,2395],{},[33,58628,58629],{"className":35,"code":47615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,58630,58631],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58632,58633],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58634,47615],{"class":2348},[1073,58636,58638],{"id":58637},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[33,58640,58642],{"className":35,"code":58641,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,58643,58644,58690,58712,58716],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58645,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58647,9516],{"class":114},[42,58649,88],{"class":87},[42,58651,56658],{"class":56},[42,58653,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58655,70],{"class":56},[42,58657,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58659,18421],{"class":56},[42,58661,3957],{"class":56},[42,58663,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58665,70],{"class":56},[42,58667,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58669,18421],{"class":56},[42,58671,3957],{"class":56},[42,58673,2381],{"class":2348},[42,58675,70],{"class":56},[42,58677,2781],{"class":2348},[42,58679,18421],{"class":56},[42,58681,3957],{"class":56},[42,58683,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58685,70],{"class":56},[42,58687,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58689,53606],{"class":56},[42,58691,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58693,2555],{"class":114},[42,58695,88],{"class":87},[42,58697,14923],{"class":114},[42,58699,122],{"class":56},[42,58701,41622],{"class":125},[42,58703,3317],{"class":56},[42,58705,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58707,70],{"class":56},[42,58709,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58711,4226],{"class":56},[42,58713,58714],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,58715,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,58717,58718,58720,58722,58724],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,58719,284],{"class":52},[42,58721,57],{"class":56},[42,58723,2592],{"class":125},[42,58725,143],{"class":56},[14,58727,2395],{},[33,58729,58730],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,58731,58732],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58733,58734],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58735,46980],{"class":2348},[28,58737,5303,58739],{"id":58738},"when-to-use-count",[17,58740,57655],{},[14,58742,146,58743,58745],{},[17,58744,57655],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,58747,58748],{},"Good use cases:",[167,58750,58751,58754,58757],{},[170,58752,58753],{},"counting one specific item",[170,58755,58756],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[170,58758,58759],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,58761,219],{},[33,58763,58765],{"className":35,"code":58764,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[17,58766,58767,58808,58832,58836],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58768,58769,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792,58794,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58770,58771],{"class":114},"votes ",[42,58773,88],{"class":87},[42,58775,3957],{"class":56},[42,58777,61],{"class":60},[42,58779,9007],{"class":64},[42,58781,61],{"class":60},[42,58783,70],{"class":56},[42,58785,73],{"class":60},[42,58787,8948],{"class":64},[42,58789,61],{"class":60},[42,58791,70],{"class":56},[42,58793,73],{"class":60},[42,58795,9007],{"class":64},[42,58797,61],{"class":60},[42,58799,70],{"class":56},[42,58801,73],{"class":60},[42,58803,9007],{"class":64},[42,58805,61],{"class":60},[42,58807,3970],{"class":56},[42,58809,58810,58813,58815,58818,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58811,58812],{"class":114},"yes_votes ",[42,58814,88],{"class":87},[42,58816,58817],{"class":114}," votes",[42,58819,122],{"class":56},[42,58821,41622],{"class":125},[42,58823,57],{"class":56},[42,58825,61],{"class":60},[42,58827,9007],{"class":64},[42,58829,61],{"class":60},[42,58831,143],{"class":56},[42,58833,58834],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,58835,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,58837,58838,58840,58842,58845],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,58839,284],{"class":52},[42,58841,57],{"class":56},[42,58843,58844],{"class":125},"yes_votes",[42,58846,143],{"class":56},[14,58848,58849,58851],{},[17,58850,57655],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58853,58854,58855,1753,58857,122],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[693,58856,53135],{"href":51342},[693,58858,58860],{"href":58859},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[28,58862,1929],{"id":1928},[14,58864,8797,58865,122],{},[17,58866,57660],{},[1073,58868,58870],{"id":58869},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58872,58873,58875],{},[17,58874,57660],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[33,58877,58879],{"className":35,"code":58878,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[17,58880,58881,58914],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58882,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910,58912],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58884,4409],{"class":114},[42,58886,88],{"class":87},[42,58888,3957],{"class":56},[42,58890,61],{"class":60},[42,58892,58893],{"class":64},"apple pie",[42,58895,61],{"class":60},[42,58897,70],{"class":56},[42,58899,73],{"class":60},[42,58901,4427],{"class":64},[42,58903,61],{"class":60},[42,58905,70],{"class":56},[42,58907,73],{"class":60},[42,58909,58893],{"class":64},[42,58911,61],{"class":60},[42,58913,3970],{"class":56},[42,58915,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,58917,284],{"class":52},[42,58919,57],{"class":56},[42,58921,4453],{"class":125},[42,58923,122],{"class":56},[42,58925,41622],{"class":125},[42,58927,57],{"class":56},[42,58929,61],{"class":60},[42,58931,4418],{"class":64},[42,58933,61],{"class":60},[42,58935,5705],{"class":56},[42,58937,51610],{"class":525},[14,58939,2819,58940,2823],{},[17,58941,2445],{},[14,58943,29420,58944,58946,58947,122],{},[17,58945,58198],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[17,58948,58949],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58951,58952,58953,122],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[17,58954,58955],{},"str.count()",[1073,58957,8803,58959,8806,58961,1327,58963],{"id":58958},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[17,58960,57655],{},[17,58962,3937],{},[17,58964,4009],{},[14,58966,58967,58969],{},[17,58968,57655],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[33,58971,58973],{"className":35,"code":58972,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[17,58974,58975,58999],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,58976,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991,58993,58995,58997],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,58978,3952],{"class":114},[42,58980,88],{"class":87},[42,58982,3957],{"class":56},[42,58984,3320],{"class":2348},[42,58986,70],{"class":56},[42,58988,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58990,70],{"class":56},[42,58992,3325],{"class":2348},[42,58994,70],{"class":56},[42,58996,2781],{"class":2348},[42,58998,3970],{"class":56},[42,59000,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59002,284],{"class":52},[42,59004,57],{"class":56},[42,59006,3984],{"class":125},[42,59008,122],{"class":56},[42,59010,41622],{"class":125},[42,59012,57],{"class":56},[42,59014,2381],{"class":2348},[42,59016,5705],{"class":56},[42,59018,51778],{"class":525},[14,59020,59021],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[33,59023,59025],{"className":35,"code":59024,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[17,59026,59027],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59028,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59030,284],{"class":52},[42,59032,57],{"class":56},[42,59034,2381],{"class":2348},[42,59036,21531],{"class":48},[42,59038,4603],{"class":125},[42,59040,98],{"class":56},[42,59042,3999],{"class":525},[1073,59044,59046],{"id":59045},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[33,59048,59050],{"className":35,"code":59049,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[17,59051,59052,59085],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59053,59054,59056,59058,59060,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074,59076,59078,59081,59083],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59055,5337],{"class":114},[42,59057,88],{"class":87},[42,59059,3957],{"class":56},[42,59061,61],{"class":60},[42,59063,8025],{"class":64},[42,59065,61],{"class":60},[42,59067,70],{"class":56},[42,59069,73],{"class":60},[42,59071,20576],{"class":64},[42,59073,61],{"class":60},[42,59075,70],{"class":56},[42,59077,73],{"class":60},[42,59079,59080],{"class":64},"SAM",[42,59082,61],{"class":60},[42,59084,3970],{"class":56},[42,59086,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59088,284],{"class":52},[42,59090,57],{"class":56},[42,59092,5381],{"class":125},[42,59094,122],{"class":56},[42,59096,41622],{"class":125},[42,59098,57],{"class":56},[42,59100,61],{"class":60},[42,59102,20576],{"class":64},[42,59104,61],{"class":60},[42,59106,5705],{"class":56},[42,59108,28138],{"class":525},[14,59110,59111,59112,59115],{},"Only the exact string ",[17,59113,59114],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1073,59117,30009,59119,33909],{"id":59118},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[17,59120,57655],{},[14,59122,59123],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[33,59125,59127],{"className":35,"code":59126,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[17,59128,59129,59139,59153,59171,59185,59197],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59130,59131,59133,59135,59137],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59132,284],{"class":52},[42,59134,57],{"class":56},[42,59136,8689],{"class":125},[42,59138,143],{"class":56},[42,59140,59141,59143,59145,59147,59149,59151],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59142,284],{"class":52},[42,59144,57],{"class":56},[42,59146,835],{"class":834},[42,59148,57],{"class":56},[42,59150,8689],{"class":125},[42,59152,842],{"class":56},[42,59154,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,59156,284],{"class":52},[42,59158,57],{"class":56},[42,59160,8689],{"class":125},[42,59162,122],{"class":56},[42,59164,41622],{"class":125},[42,59166,57],{"class":56},[42,59168,2803],{"class":125},[42,59170,842],{"class":56},[42,59172,59173,59175,59177,59179,59181,59183],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,59174,284],{"class":52},[42,59176,57],{"class":56},[42,59178,2776],{"class":125},[42,59180,1299],{"class":48},[42,59182,8746],{"class":125},[42,59184,143],{"class":56},[42,59186,59187,59189,59191,59193,59195],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,59188,6303],{"class":48},[42,59190,6306],{"class":114},[42,59192,1299],{"class":48},[42,59194,8746],{"class":114},[42,59196,108],{"class":56},[42,59198,59199,59201,59203,59205,59207,59209],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,59200,135],{"class":52},[42,59202,57],{"class":56},[42,59204,42142],{"class":52},[42,59206,57],{"class":56},[42,59208,23668],{"class":125},[42,59210,842],{"class":56},[14,59212,59213],{},"These checks can help you see:",[167,59215,59216,59219,59222],{},[170,59217,59218],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[170,59220,59221],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[170,59223,59224],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,59226,59227],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[167,59229,59230,59235,59238,59245],{},[170,59231,50854,59232,59234],{},[17,59233,57655],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[170,59236,59237],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[170,59239,11460,59240,59242,59243],{},[17,59241,57660],{}," with string ",[17,59244,57655],{},[170,59246,59247],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[28,59249,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,59251,13060,59253,59255],{"id":59252},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[17,59254,57660],{}," change the list?",[14,59257,59258],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1073,59260,59262],{"id":59261},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,59264,12266,59265,122],{},[17,59266,2445],{},[1073,59268,5513,59270,59272],{"id":59269},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[17,59271,57660],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,59274,59275],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1073,59277,15260,59279,59281],{"id":59278},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[17,59280,57660],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,59283,42515,59284,1753,59286,59288],{},[17,59285,58201],{},[17,59287,58198],{}," are different values.",[1073,59290,5501,59292,59294,59295,2823],{"id":59291},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[17,59293,3937],{}," sometimes count like ",[17,59296,3320],{},[14,59298,9135,59299,59301,59302,1753,59304,59301,59306,122],{},[17,59300,3937],{}," compares equal to ",[17,59303,3320],{},[17,59305,4009],{},[17,59307,2445],{},[28,59309,2205],{"id":2204},[167,59311,59312,59316,59322,59326,59334,59341],{},[170,59313,59314],{},[693,59315,53135],{"href":51342},[170,59317,59318],{},[693,59319,59321],{"href":59320},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[170,59323,59324],{},[693,59325,7283],{"href":6543},[170,59327,59328],{},[693,59329,55884,59331,11093],{"href":59330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[17,59332,59333],{},"index()",[170,59335,59336],{},[693,59337,3908,59339],{"href":59338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[17,59340,42724],{},[170,59342,59343],{},[693,59344,59345],{"href":58859},"What is a list in Python",[2245,59347,59348],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":59350},[59351,59352,59354,59355,59356,59362,59368,59370,59378,59389],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":57752,"depth":111,"text":59353},"What list.count() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":38381,"depth":111,"text":38382},{"id":58074,"depth":111,"text":58075,"children":59357},[59358,59359,59361],{"id":58106,"depth":132,"text":58107},{"id":58205,"depth":132,"text":59360},"1 and True can match",{"id":58304,"depth":132,"text":58305},{"id":58382,"depth":111,"text":58383,"children":59363},[59364,59365,59366,59367],{"id":58386,"depth":132,"text":58387},{"id":58465,"depth":132,"text":58466},{"id":58562,"depth":132,"text":58563},{"id":58637,"depth":132,"text":58638},{"id":58738,"depth":111,"text":59369},"When to use count()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":59371},[59372,59373,59375,59376],{"id":58869,"depth":132,"text":58870},{"id":58958,"depth":132,"text":59374},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":59045,"depth":132,"text":59046},{"id":59118,"depth":132,"text":59377},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":59379},[59380,59382,59383,59385,59387],{"id":59252,"depth":132,"text":59381},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59261,"depth":132,"text":59262},{"id":59269,"depth":132,"text":59384},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59278,"depth":132,"text":59386},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59291,"depth":132,"text":59388},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57647,"description":59390},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59397,"title":59398,"body":59399,"description":61360,"extension":2285,"meta":61361,"navigation":2287,"path":61362,"seo":61363,"stem":61364,"__hash__":61365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59400,"toc":61323},[59401,59404,59407,59409,59537,59541,59622,59633,59635,59654,59658,59661,59664,59682,59684,59727,59731,59756,59765,59769,59774,59777,59894,59898,59967,59971,59983,59987,59990,60031,60035,60048,60051,60136,60140,60173,60180,60186,60191,60193,60205,60209,60242,60246,60278,60282,60319,60323,60343,60347,60381,60385,60414,60425,60429,60432,60435,60448,60505,60509,60548,60554,60557,60559,60562,60566,60569,60594,60596,60621,60628,60631,60676,60680,60699,60702,60741,60748,60753,60787,60791,60890,60897,60930,60934,60960,60964,60967,61005,61008,61045,61049,61052,61071,61075,61136,61138,61156,61160,61163,61166,61195,61197,61201,61204,61212,61216,61219,61239,61245,61251,61255,61258,61265,61273,61275,61314,61320],[10,59402,59398],{"id":59403},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,59405,59406],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[28,59408,3942],{"id":3941},[33,59410,59412],{"className":35,"code":59411,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,59413,59414,59434,59466,59474,59492,59496,59506,59516,59527],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59415,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59417,3952],{"class":114},[42,59419,88],{"class":87},[42,59421,3957],{"class":56},[42,59423,3320],{"class":2348},[42,59425,70],{"class":56},[42,59427,3325],{"class":2348},[42,59429,70],{"class":56},[42,59431,2781],{"class":2348},[42,59433,3970],{"class":56},[42,59435,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59437,5337],{"class":114},[42,59439,88],{"class":87},[42,59441,3957],{"class":56},[42,59443,61],{"class":60},[42,59445,13237],{"class":64},[42,59447,61],{"class":60},[42,59449,70],{"class":56},[42,59451,73],{"class":60},[42,59453,36300],{"class":64},[42,59455,61],{"class":60},[42,59457,70],{"class":56},[42,59459,73],{"class":60},[42,59461,36309],{"class":64},[42,59463,61],{"class":60},[42,59465,3970],{"class":56},[42,59467,59468,59470,59472],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,59469,56295],{"class":114},[42,59471,88],{"class":87},[42,59473,8188],{"class":56},[42,59475,59476,59478,59480,59482,59484,59486,59488,59490],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,59477,36450],{"class":114},[42,59479,88],{"class":87},[42,59481,22917],{"class":834},[42,59483,57],{"class":56},[42,59485,61],{"class":60},[42,59487,41923],{"class":64},[42,59489,61],{"class":60},[42,59491,143],{"class":56},[42,59493,59494],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,59495,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,59497,59498,59500,59502,59504],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,59499,284],{"class":52},[42,59501,57],{"class":56},[42,59503,3984],{"class":125},[42,59505,143],{"class":56},[42,59507,59508,59510,59512,59514],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,59509,284],{"class":52},[42,59511,57],{"class":56},[42,59513,5381],{"class":125},[42,59515,143],{"class":56},[42,59517,59518,59520,59522,59525],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,59519,284],{"class":52},[42,59521,57],{"class":56},[42,59523,59524],{"class":125},"empty_list",[42,59526,143],{"class":56},[42,59528,59529,59531,59533,59535],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,59530,284],{"class":52},[42,59532,57],{"class":56},[42,59534,36503],{"class":125},[42,59536,143],{"class":56},[14,59538,59539],{},[177,59540,2395],{},[33,59542,59544],{"className":35,"code":59543,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,59545,59546,59562,59590,59594],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59547,59548,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59549,4238],{"class":56},[42,59551,3320],{"class":2348},[42,59553,70],{"class":56},[42,59555,3325],{"class":2348},[42,59557,70],{"class":56},[42,59559,2781],{"class":2348},[42,59561,3970],{"class":56},[42,59563,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59565,4238],{"class":56},[42,59567,868],{"class":60},[42,59569,13237],{"class":64},[42,59571,868],{"class":60},[42,59573,70],{"class":56},[42,59575,862],{"class":60},[42,59577,36300],{"class":64},[42,59579,868],{"class":60},[42,59581,70],{"class":56},[42,59583,862],{"class":60},[42,59585,36309],{"class":64},[42,59587,868],{"class":60},[42,59589,3970],{"class":56},[42,59591,59592],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,59593,38659],{"class":56},[42,59595,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,59597,4238],{"class":56},[42,59599,868],{"class":60},[42,59601,693],{"class":64},[42,59603,868],{"class":60},[42,59605,70],{"class":56},[42,59607,862],{"class":60},[42,59609,5102],{"class":64},[42,59611,868],{"class":60},[42,59613,70],{"class":56},[42,59615,862],{"class":60},[42,59617,10090],{"class":64},[42,59619,868],{"class":60},[42,59621,3970],{"class":56},[14,59623,59624,59625,59627,59628,59630,59631,122],{},"Use square brackets ",[17,59626,4124],{}," for most lists. Use ",[17,59629,25138],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[17,59632,36558],{},[28,59634,15520],{"id":15519},[167,59636,59637,59640,59643,59646,59651],{},[170,59638,59639],{},"What a list is in Python",[170,59641,59642],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[170,59644,59645],{},"How to create an empty list",[170,59647,59648,59649,2631],{},"How to create a list with the ",[17,59650,25138],{},[170,59652,59653],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[28,59655,59657],{"id":59656},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,59659,59660],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,59662,59663],{},"This means:",[167,59665,59666,59669,59672,59675],{},[170,59667,59668],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[170,59670,59671],{},"The order of items is kept",[170,59673,59674],{},"A list can hold different data types",[170,59676,59677,59678,59681],{},"A list is ",[177,59679,59680],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,59683,219],{},[33,59685,59687],{"className":35,"code":59686,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,59688,59689,59713,59717],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59690,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59692,8128],{"class":114},[42,59694,88],{"class":87},[42,59696,3957],{"class":56},[42,59698,61],{"class":60},[42,59700,4418],{"class":64},[42,59702,61],{"class":60},[42,59704,70],{"class":56},[42,59706,6350],{"class":2348},[42,59708,70],{"class":56},[42,59710,4254],{"class":4190},[42,59712,3970],{"class":56},[42,59714,59715],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59716,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,59718,59719,59721,59723,59725],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,59720,284],{"class":52},[42,59722,57],{"class":56},[42,59724,8159],{"class":125},[42,59726,143],{"class":56},[14,59728,59729],{},[177,59730,2395],{},[33,59732,59734],{"className":35,"code":59733,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[17,59735,59736],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59737,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59739,4238],{"class":56},[42,59741,868],{"class":60},[42,59743,4418],{"class":64},[42,59745,868],{"class":60},[42,59747,70],{"class":56},[42,59749,6350],{"class":2348},[42,59751,70],{"class":56},[42,59753,4254],{"class":4190},[42,59755,3970],{"class":56},[14,59757,59758,59759,1327,59762,122],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[693,59760,59761],{"href":51342},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[693,59763,59764],{"href":58859},"What is a List in Python?",[28,59766,59768],{"id":59767},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59770,59624,59771,59773],{},[17,59772,4124],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59775,59776],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[33,59778,59780],{"className":35,"code":59779,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[17,59781,59782,59802,59834,59859,59863,59873,59883],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59783,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59785,3952],{"class":114},[42,59787,88],{"class":87},[42,59789,3957],{"class":56},[42,59791,3320],{"class":2348},[42,59793,70],{"class":56},[42,59795,3325],{"class":2348},[42,59797,70],{"class":56},[42,59799,2781],{"class":2348},[42,59801,3970],{"class":56},[42,59803,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812,59814,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59805,5337],{"class":114},[42,59807,88],{"class":87},[42,59809,3957],{"class":56},[42,59811,61],{"class":60},[42,59813,13237],{"class":64},[42,59815,61],{"class":60},[42,59817,70],{"class":56},[42,59819,73],{"class":60},[42,59821,36300],{"class":64},[42,59823,61],{"class":60},[42,59825,70],{"class":56},[42,59827,73],{"class":60},[42,59829,36309],{"class":64},[42,59831,61],{"class":60},[42,59833,3970],{"class":56},[42,59835,59836,59839,59841,59843,59845,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,59837,59838],{"class":114},"mixed ",[42,59840,88],{"class":87},[42,59842,3957],{"class":56},[42,59844,2659],{"class":2348},[42,59846,70],{"class":56},[42,59848,73],{"class":60},[42,59850,4183],{"class":64},[42,59852,61],{"class":60},[42,59854,70],{"class":56},[42,59856,4245],{"class":4190},[42,59858,3970],{"class":56},[42,59860,59861],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,59862,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,59864,59865,59867,59869,59871],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,59866,284],{"class":52},[42,59868,57],{"class":56},[42,59870,3984],{"class":125},[42,59872,143],{"class":56},[42,59874,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,59876,284],{"class":52},[42,59878,57],{"class":56},[42,59880,5381],{"class":125},[42,59882,143],{"class":56},[42,59884,59885,59887,59889,59892],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,59886,284],{"class":52},[42,59888,57],{"class":56},[42,59890,59891],{"class":125},"mixed",[42,59893,143],{"class":56},[14,59895,59896],{},[177,59897,2395],{},[33,59899,59901],{"className":35,"code":59900,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[17,59902,59903,59919,59947],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59904,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59906,4238],{"class":56},[42,59908,3320],{"class":2348},[42,59910,70],{"class":56},[42,59912,3325],{"class":2348},[42,59914,70],{"class":56},[42,59916,2781],{"class":2348},[42,59918,3970],{"class":56},[42,59920,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,59922,4238],{"class":56},[42,59924,868],{"class":60},[42,59926,13237],{"class":64},[42,59928,868],{"class":60},[42,59930,70],{"class":56},[42,59932,862],{"class":60},[42,59934,36300],{"class":64},[42,59936,868],{"class":60},[42,59938,70],{"class":56},[42,59940,862],{"class":60},[42,59942,36309],{"class":64},[42,59944,868],{"class":60},[42,59946,3970],{"class":56},[42,59948,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961,59963,59965],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,59950,4238],{"class":56},[42,59952,2659],{"class":2348},[42,59954,70],{"class":56},[42,59956,862],{"class":60},[42,59958,4183],{"class":64},[42,59960,868],{"class":60},[42,59962,70],{"class":56},[42,59964,4245],{"class":4190},[42,59966,3970],{"class":56},[1073,59968,59970],{"id":59969},"key-points","Key points",[167,59972,59973,59978,59980],{},[170,59974,146,59975,59977],{},[17,59976,4124],{}," to make a new list",[170,59979,15790],{},[170,59981,59982],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[28,59984,59986],{"id":59985},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59988,59989],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[33,59991,59993],{"className":35,"code":59992,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[17,59994,59995,60003,60007,60017],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,59996,59997,59999,60001],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,59998,8658],{"class":114},[42,60000,88],{"class":87},[42,60002,8188],{"class":56},[42,60004,60005],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60006,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,60008,60009,60011,60013,60015],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,60010,284],{"class":52},[42,60012,57],{"class":56},[42,60014,8689],{"class":125},[42,60016,143],{"class":56},[42,60018,60019,60021,60023,60025,60027,60029],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,60020,284],{"class":52},[42,60022,57],{"class":56},[42,60024,11515],{"class":52},[42,60026,57],{"class":56},[42,60028,8689],{"class":125},[42,60030,842],{"class":56},[14,60032,60033],{},[177,60034,2395],{},[33,60036,60038],{"className":35,"code":60037,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[]\n0\n",[17,60039,60040,60044],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60041,60042],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60043,38659],{"class":56},[42,60045,60046],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60047,47615],{"class":2348},[14,60049,60050],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[33,60052,60054],{"className":35,"code":60053,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[17,60055,60056,60064,60068,60086,60104,60122,60126],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60057,60058,60060,60062],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60059,5337],{"class":114},[42,60061,88],{"class":87},[42,60063,8188],{"class":56},[42,60065,60066],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60067,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,60069,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080,60082,60084],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,60071,5381],{"class":114},[42,60073,122],{"class":56},[42,60075,13910],{"class":125},[42,60077,57],{"class":56},[42,60079,61],{"class":60},[42,60081,13237],{"class":64},[42,60083,61],{"class":60},[42,60085,143],{"class":56},[42,60087,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,60089,5381],{"class":114},[42,60091,122],{"class":56},[42,60093,13910],{"class":125},[42,60095,57],{"class":56},[42,60097,61],{"class":60},[42,60099,36300],{"class":64},[42,60101,61],{"class":60},[42,60103,143],{"class":56},[42,60105,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,60107,5381],{"class":114},[42,60109,122],{"class":56},[42,60111,13910],{"class":125},[42,60113,57],{"class":56},[42,60115,61],{"class":60},[42,60117,36309],{"class":64},[42,60119,61],{"class":60},[42,60121,143],{"class":56},[42,60123,60124],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,60125,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,60127,60128,60130,60132,60134],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,60129,284],{"class":52},[42,60131,57],{"class":56},[42,60133,5381],{"class":125},[42,60135,143],{"class":56},[14,60137,60138],{},[177,60139,2395],{},[33,60141,60143],{"className":35,"code":60142,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[17,60144,60145],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60146,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165,60167,60169,60171],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60148,4238],{"class":56},[42,60150,868],{"class":60},[42,60152,13237],{"class":64},[42,60154,868],{"class":60},[42,60156,70],{"class":56},[42,60158,862],{"class":60},[42,60160,36300],{"class":64},[42,60162,868],{"class":60},[42,60164,70],{"class":56},[42,60166,862],{"class":60},[42,60168,36309],{"class":64},[42,60170,868],{"class":60},[42,60172,3970],{"class":56},[14,60174,60175,60176,122],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[693,60177,60178,11093],{"href":57133},[17,60179,53016],{},[28,60181,60183,60184],{"id":60182},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[17,60185,25138],{},[14,60187,146,60188,60190],{},[17,60189,25138],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,60192,5801],{},[167,60194,60195,60197,60199,60201],{},[170,60196,5652],{},[170,60198,5646],{},[170,60200,5649],{},[170,60202,60203],{},[17,60204,36558],{},[1073,60206,60208],{"id":60207},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[33,60210,60212],{"className":35,"code":60211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,60213,60214,60232],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60215,60216,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60217,36450],{"class":114},[42,60219,88],{"class":87},[42,60221,22917],{"class":834},[42,60223,57],{"class":56},[42,60225,61],{"class":60},[42,60227,41923],{"class":64},[42,60229,61],{"class":60},[42,60231,143],{"class":56},[42,60233,60234,60236,60238,60240],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60235,284],{"class":52},[42,60237,57],{"class":56},[42,60239,36503],{"class":125},[42,60241,143],{"class":56},[14,60243,60244],{},[177,60245,2395],{},[33,60247,60248],{"className":35,"code":43237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,60249,60250],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60251,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60253,4238],{"class":56},[42,60255,868],{"class":60},[42,60257,693],{"class":64},[42,60259,868],{"class":60},[42,60261,70],{"class":56},[42,60263,862],{"class":60},[42,60265,5102],{"class":64},[42,60267,868],{"class":60},[42,60269,70],{"class":56},[42,60271,862],{"class":60},[42,60273,10090],{"class":64},[42,60275,868],{"class":60},[42,60277,3970],{"class":56},[1073,60279,60281],{"id":60280},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[33,60283,60285],{"className":35,"code":60284,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,60286,60287,60309],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60288,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60290,3952],{"class":114},[42,60292,88],{"class":87},[42,60294,22917],{"class":834},[42,60296,5855],{"class":56},[42,60298,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60300,70],{"class":56},[42,60302,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60304,70],{"class":56},[42,60306,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60308,842],{"class":56},[42,60310,60311,60313,60315,60317],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60312,284],{"class":52},[42,60314,57],{"class":56},[42,60316,3984],{"class":125},[42,60318,143],{"class":56},[14,60320,60321],{},[177,60322,2395],{},[33,60324,60325],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,60326,60327],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60328,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60330,4238],{"class":56},[42,60332,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60334,70],{"class":56},[42,60336,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60338,70],{"class":56},[42,60340,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60342,3970],{"class":56},[1073,60344,60346],{"id":60345},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[33,60348,60350],{"className":35,"code":60349,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[17,60351,60352,60371],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60353,60354,60356,60358,60360,60362,60365,60367,60369],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60355,4160],{"class":114},[42,60357,88],{"class":87},[42,60359,22917],{"class":834},[42,60361,57],{"class":56},[42,60363,60364],{"class":52},"range",[42,60366,57],{"class":56},[42,60368,2461],{"class":2348},[42,60370,842],{"class":56},[42,60372,60373,60375,60377,60379],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60374,284],{"class":52},[42,60376,57],{"class":56},[42,60378,5702],{"class":125},[42,60380,143],{"class":56},[14,60382,60383],{},[177,60384,2395],{},[33,60386,60388],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,60389,60390],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60391,60392,60394,60396,60398,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60412],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60393,4238],{"class":56},[42,60395,2445],{"class":2348},[42,60397,70],{"class":56},[42,60399,5842],{"class":2348},[42,60401,70],{"class":56},[42,60403,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60405,70],{"class":56},[42,60407,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60409,70],{"class":56},[42,60411,2787],{"class":2348},[42,60413,3970],{"class":56},[14,60415,60416,60418,60419,122],{},[17,60417,25138],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[693,60420,60422,60424],{"href":60421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[17,60423,25138],{},": Function Explained",[28,60426,60428],{"id":60427},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,60430,60431],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,60433,60434],{},"Examples include:",[167,60436,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445],{},[170,60438,5652],{},[170,60440,40787],{},[170,60442,52409],{},[170,60444,40957],{},[170,60446,60447],{},"other lists",[33,60449,60451],{"className":35,"code":60450,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[17,60452,60453,60491,60495],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60454,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60465,60467,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60456,9516],{"class":114},[42,60458,88],{"class":87},[42,60460,3957],{"class":56},[42,60462,61],{"class":60},[42,60464,13237],{"class":64},[42,60466,61],{"class":60},[42,60468,70],{"class":56},[42,60470,9656],{"class":2348},[42,60472,70],{"class":56},[42,60474,4254],{"class":4190},[42,60476,70],{"class":56},[42,60478,3957],{"class":56},[42,60480,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60482,70],{"class":56},[42,60484,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60486,70],{"class":56},[42,60488,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60490,53606],{"class":56},[42,60492,60493],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60494,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,60496,60497,60499,60501,60503],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,60498,284],{"class":52},[42,60500,57],{"class":56},[42,60502,9554],{"class":125},[42,60504,143],{"class":56},[14,60506,60507],{},[177,60508,2395],{},[33,60510,60512],{"className":35,"code":60511,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[17,60513,60514],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60515,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530,60532,60534,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60517,4238],{"class":56},[42,60519,868],{"class":60},[42,60521,13237],{"class":64},[42,60523,868],{"class":60},[42,60525,70],{"class":56},[42,60527,9656],{"class":2348},[42,60529,70],{"class":56},[42,60531,4254],{"class":4190},[42,60533,70],{"class":56},[42,60535,3957],{"class":56},[42,60537,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60539,70],{"class":56},[42,60541,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60543,70],{"class":56},[42,60545,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60547,53606],{"class":56},[14,60549,60550,60551,122],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[177,60552,60553],{},"nested list",[14,60555,60556],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[28,60558,4859],{"id":4858},[14,60560,60561],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1073,60563,60565],{"id":60564},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,60567,60568],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[33,60570,60572],{"className":35,"code":60571,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[17,60573,60574,60578],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60575,60576],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60577,4876],{"class":525},[42,60579,60580,60582,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60581,3952],{"class":114},[42,60583,88],{"class":87},[42,60585,3957],{"class":56},[42,60587,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60589,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60591,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60593,3970],{"class":56},[14,60595,11160],{},[33,60597,60599],{"className":35,"code":60598,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,60600,60601],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60602,60603,60605,60607,60609,60611,60613,60615,60617,60619],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60604,3952],{"class":114},[42,60606,88],{"class":87},[42,60608,3957],{"class":56},[42,60610,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60612,70],{"class":56},[42,60614,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60616,70],{"class":56},[42,60618,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60620,3970],{"class":56},[1073,60622,1940,60624,11445,60626],{"id":60623},"using-instead-of",[17,60625,7713],{},[17,60627,4124],{},[14,60629,60630],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[33,60632,60634],{"className":35,"code":60633,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[17,60635,60636,60657,60661],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60637,60638,60641,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60639,60640],{"class":114},"my_values ",[42,60642,88],{"class":87},[42,60644,9586],{"class":56},[42,60646,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60648,70],{"class":56},[42,60650,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60652,70],{"class":56},[42,60654,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60656,143],{"class":56},[42,60658,60659],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60660,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,60662,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60674],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,60664,284],{"class":52},[42,60666,57],{"class":56},[42,60668,835],{"class":834},[42,60670,57],{"class":56},[42,60672,60673],{"class":125},"my_values",[42,60675,842],{"class":56},[14,60677,60678],{},[177,60679,2395],{},[33,60681,60683],{"className":35,"code":60682,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,60684,60685],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60686,60687,60689,60691,60693,60695,60697],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60688,855],{"class":87},[42,60690,859],{"class":858},[42,60692,862],{"class":60},[42,60694,49315],{"class":64},[42,60696,868],{"class":60},[42,60698,871],{"class":87},[14,60700,60701],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[33,60703,60705],{"className":35,"code":60704,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[17,60706,60707,60727],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60708,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60723,60725],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60710,60640],{"class":114},[42,60712,88],{"class":87},[42,60714,3957],{"class":56},[42,60716,3320],{"class":2348},[42,60718,70],{"class":56},[42,60720,3325],{"class":2348},[42,60722,70],{"class":56},[42,60724,2781],{"class":2348},[42,60726,3970],{"class":56},[42,60728,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60730,284],{"class":52},[42,60732,57],{"class":56},[42,60734,835],{"class":834},[42,60736,57],{"class":56},[42,60738,60673],{"class":125},[42,60740,842],{"class":56},[1073,60742,8803,60744,60747],{"id":60743},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[17,60745,60746],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,60749,60750,60752],{},[17,60751,25138],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[33,60754,60756],{"className":35,"code":60755,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,60757,60758,60777],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60759,60760,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60773,60775],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60761,2555],{"class":114},[42,60763,88],{"class":87},[42,60765,22917],{"class":834},[42,60767,57],{"class":56},[42,60769,61],{"class":60},[42,60771,60772],{"class":64},"hello world",[42,60774,61],{"class":60},[42,60776,143],{"class":56},[42,60778,60779,60781,60783,60785],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60780,284],{"class":52},[42,60782,57],{"class":56},[42,60784,2592],{"class":125},[42,60786,143],{"class":56},[14,60788,60789],{},[177,60790,2395],{},[33,60792,60794],{"className":35,"code":60793,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[17,60795,60796],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60797,60798,60800,60802,60805,60807,60809,60811,60814,60816,60818,60820,60823,60825,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60799,4238],{"class":56},[42,60801,868],{"class":60},[42,60803,60804],{"class":64},"h",[42,60806,868],{"class":60},[42,60808,70],{"class":56},[42,60810,862],{"class":60},[42,60812,60813],{"class":64},"e",[42,60815,868],{"class":60},[42,60817,70],{"class":56},[42,60819,862],{"class":60},[42,60821,60822],{"class":64},"l",[42,60824,868],{"class":60},[42,60826,70],{"class":56},[42,60828,862],{"class":60},[42,60830,60822],{"class":64},[42,60832,868],{"class":60},[42,60834,70],{"class":56},[42,60836,862],{"class":60},[42,60838,60839],{"class":64},"o",[42,60841,868],{"class":60},[42,60843,70],{"class":56},[42,60845,862],{"class":60},[42,60847,862],{"class":60},[42,60849,70],{"class":56},[42,60851,862],{"class":60},[42,60853,615],{"class":64},[42,60855,868],{"class":60},[42,60857,70],{"class":56},[42,60859,862],{"class":60},[42,60861,60839],{"class":64},[42,60863,868],{"class":60},[42,60865,70],{"class":56},[42,60867,862],{"class":60},[42,60869,76],{"class":64},[42,60871,868],{"class":60},[42,60873,70],{"class":56},[42,60875,862],{"class":60},[42,60877,60822],{"class":64},[42,60879,868],{"class":60},[42,60881,70],{"class":56},[42,60883,862],{"class":60},[42,60885,19126],{"class":64},[42,60887,868],{"class":60},[42,60889,3970],{"class":56},[14,60891,60892,60893,60896],{},"If you want words, use ",[17,60894,60895],{},"split()"," instead:",[33,60898,60900],{"className":35,"code":60899,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[17,60901,60902,60920],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60903,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912,60914,60916,60918],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60905,4409],{"class":114},[42,60907,88],{"class":87},[42,60909,73],{"class":60},[42,60911,60772],{"class":64},[42,60913,61],{"class":60},[42,60915,122],{"class":56},[42,60917,34829],{"class":125},[42,60919,129],{"class":56},[42,60921,60922,60924,60926,60928],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60923,284],{"class":52},[42,60925,57],{"class":56},[42,60927,4453],{"class":125},[42,60929,143],{"class":56},[14,60931,60932],{},[177,60933,2395],{},[33,60935,60937],{"className":35,"code":60936,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['hello', 'world']\n",[17,60938,60939],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60940,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949,60951,60953,60956,60958],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60942,4238],{"class":56},[42,60944,868],{"class":60},[42,60946,4183],{"class":64},[42,60948,868],{"class":60},[42,60950,70],{"class":56},[42,60952,862],{"class":60},[42,60954,60955],{"class":64},"world",[42,60957,868],{"class":60},[42,60959,3970],{"class":56},[1073,60961,60963],{"id":60962},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60965,60966],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[33,60968,60970],{"className":35,"code":60969,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[17,60971,60972,60976],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,60973,60974],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,60975,4876],{"class":525},[42,60977,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994,60997,60999,61001,61003],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,60979,5337],{"class":114},[42,60981,88],{"class":87},[42,60983,3957],{"class":56},[42,60985,61],{"class":60},[42,60987,13237],{"class":64},[42,60989,61],{"class":60},[42,60991,70],{"class":56},[42,60993,73],{"class":60},[42,60995,60996],{"class":64},"Ben', ",[42,60998,61],{"class":60},[42,61000,36309],{"class":114},[42,61002,61],{"class":60},[42,61004,3970],{"class":64},[14,61006,61007],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[33,61009,61011],{"className":35,"code":61010,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[17,61012,61013],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61014,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033,61035,61037,61039,61041,61043],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61016,5337],{"class":114},[42,61018,88],{"class":87},[42,61020,3957],{"class":56},[42,61022,61],{"class":60},[42,61024,13237],{"class":64},[42,61026,61],{"class":60},[42,61028,70],{"class":56},[42,61030,73],{"class":60},[42,61032,36300],{"class":64},[42,61034,61],{"class":60},[42,61036,70],{"class":56},[42,61038,73],{"class":60},[42,61040,36309],{"class":64},[42,61042,61],{"class":60},[42,61044,3970],{"class":56},[1073,61046,61048],{"id":61047},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,61050,61051],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[167,61053,61054,61057,61060,61065],{},[170,61055,61056],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[170,61058,61059],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[170,61061,61062,61063],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[17,61064,25138],{},[170,61066,8803,61067,61070],{},[17,61068,61069],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1073,61072,61074],{"id":61073},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[33,61076,61078],{"className":35,"code":61077,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[17,61079,61080,61090,61104,61118],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61081,61082,61084,61086,61088],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61083,284],{"class":52},[42,61085,57],{"class":56},[42,61087,8689],{"class":125},[42,61089,143],{"class":56},[42,61091,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,61093,284],{"class":52},[42,61095,57],{"class":56},[42,61097,835],{"class":834},[42,61099,57],{"class":56},[42,61101,8689],{"class":125},[42,61103,842],{"class":56},[42,61105,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114,61116],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,61107,284],{"class":52},[42,61109,57],{"class":56},[42,61111,11515],{"class":52},[42,61113,57],{"class":56},[42,61115,8689],{"class":125},[42,61117,842],{"class":56},[42,61119,61120,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132,61134],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,61121,284],{"class":52},[42,61123,57],{"class":56},[42,61125,8443],{"class":834},[42,61127,57],{"class":56},[42,61129,60364],{"class":52},[42,61131,57],{"class":56},[42,61133,2461],{"class":2348},[42,61135,3243],{"class":56},[14,61137,26366],{},[167,61139,61140,61143,61146,61149],{},[170,61141,61142],{},"what the list contains",[170,61144,61145],{},"whether the value is really a list",[170,61147,61148],{},"how many items it has",[170,61150,26377,61151,61153,61154],{},[17,61152,25138],{}," does with ",[17,61155,36558],{},[28,61157,61159],{"id":61158},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,61161,61162],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,61164,61165],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[167,61167,61168,61183,61188],{},[170,61169,146,61170,2514,61174,17431,61178,61182],{},[693,61171,61172],{"href":57133},[17,61173,53016],{},[693,61175,61176],{"href":53708},[17,61177,53810],{},[693,61179,61180],{"href":54272},[17,61181,54632],{}," to add items later",[170,61184,146,61185,61187],{},[693,61186,59761],{"href":51342}," for a broader introduction",[170,61189,146,61190,61194],{},[693,61191,61192,60424],{"href":60421},[17,61193,25138],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[28,61196,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,61198,61200],{"id":61199},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,61202,61203],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[33,61205,61206],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,61207,61208],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61209,61210],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61211,38659],{"class":56},[1073,61213,61215],{"id":61214},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,61217,61218],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[33,61220,61221],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,61222,61223],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61224,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61226,4238],{"class":56},[42,61228,3320],{"class":2348},[42,61230,70],{"class":56},[42,61232,3325],{"class":2348},[42,61234,70],{"class":56},[42,61236,2781],{"class":2348},[42,61238,3970],{"class":56},[1073,61240,5485,61242,61244],{"id":61241},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[17,61243,25138],{}," do in Python?",[14,61246,61247,61248,61250],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[17,61249,36558],{},", into a list.",[1073,61252,61254],{"id":61253},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,61256,61257],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1073,61259,2171,61261,1753,61263,2823],{"id":61260},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[17,61262,4124],{},[17,61264,7713],{},[14,61266,61267,61269,61270,61272],{},[17,61268,4124],{}," creates a list. ",[17,61271,7713],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[28,61274,2205],{"id":2204},[167,61276,61277,61281,61287,61293,61299,61305,61309],{},[170,61278,61279],{},[693,61280,59761],{"href":51342},[170,61282,61283],{},[693,61284,55884,61285,11676],{"href":57133},[17,61286,53016],{},[170,61288,61289],{},[693,61290,55884,61291,11676],{"href":53708},[17,61292,53810],{},[170,61294,61295],{},[693,61296,55884,61297,11676],{"href":54272},[17,61298,54632],{},[170,61300,61301],{},[693,61302,3908,61303,3912],{"href":60421},[17,61304,25138],{},[170,61306,61307],{},[693,61308,59764],{"href":58859},[170,61310,61311],{},[693,61312,61313],{"href":12420},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,61315,61316,61317,61319],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[17,61318,53016],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2245,61321,61322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":61324},[61325,61326,61327,61328,61331,61332,61338,61339,61349,61350,61359],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":15519,"depth":111,"text":15520},{"id":59656,"depth":111,"text":59657},{"id":59767,"depth":111,"text":59768,"children":61329},[61330],{"id":59969,"depth":132,"text":59970},{"id":59985,"depth":111,"text":59986},{"id":60182,"depth":111,"text":61333,"children":61334},"Create a list with list()",[61335,61336,61337],{"id":60207,"depth":132,"text":60208},{"id":60280,"depth":132,"text":60281},{"id":60345,"depth":132,"text":60346},{"id":60427,"depth":111,"text":60428},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":61340},[61341,61342,61344,61346,61347,61348],{"id":60564,"depth":132,"text":60565},{"id":60623,"depth":132,"text":61343},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60743,"depth":132,"text":61345},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60962,"depth":132,"text":60963},{"id":61047,"depth":132,"text":61048},{"id":61073,"depth":132,"text":61074},{"id":61158,"depth":111,"text":61159},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":61351},[61352,61353,61354,61356,61357],{"id":61199,"depth":132,"text":61200},{"id":61214,"depth":132,"text":61215},{"id":61241,"depth":132,"text":61355},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61253,"depth":132,"text":61254},{"id":61260,"depth":132,"text":61358},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59398,"description":61360},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61367,"title":61368,"body":61369,"description":63110,"extension":2285,"meta":63111,"navigation":2287,"path":63112,"seo":63113,"stem":63114,"__hash__":63115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61370,"toc":63065},[61371,61376,61381,61384,61386,61457,61462,61467,61471,61485,61490,61492,61512,61517,61520,61543,61547,61552,61644,61646,61668,61674,61680,61687,61694,61700,61757,61763,61821,61823,61835,61843,61849,61854,61858,61915,61918,61922,61981,61984,61988,62046,62058,62062,62115,62118,62122,62128,62134,62196,62199,62260,62263,62319,62324,62326,62330,62337,62398,62403,62412,62468,62475,62479,62537,62546,62604,62608,62643,62647,62657,62660,62715,62729,62732,62847,62852,62856,62867,62869,62948,62958,62960,62965,62970,62977,62985,62991,62994,63000,63003,63009,63015,63017,63053,63062],[10,61372,54706,61374,11676],{"id":61373},"python-list-extend-method",[17,61375,53810],{},[14,61377,61378,61380],{},[17,61379,53711],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,61382,61383],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[28,61385,31],{"id":30},[33,61387,61389],{"className":35,"code":61388,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61390,61391,61407,61424,61428,61443,61453],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61392,61393,61395,61397,61399,61401,61403,61405],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61394,3952],{"class":114},[42,61396,88],{"class":87},[42,61398,3957],{"class":56},[42,61400,3320],{"class":2348},[42,61402,70],{"class":56},[42,61404,3325],{"class":2348},[42,61406,3970],{"class":56},[42,61408,61409,61412,61414,61416,61418,61420,61422],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,61410,61411],{"class":114},"more_numbers ",[42,61413,88],{"class":87},[42,61415,3957],{"class":56},[42,61417,2387],{"class":2348},[42,61419,70],{"class":56},[42,61421,2787],{"class":2348},[42,61423,3970],{"class":56},[42,61425,61426],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,61427,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,61429,61430,61432,61434,61436,61438,61441],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,61431,3984],{"class":114},[42,61433,122],{"class":56},[42,61435,53840],{"class":125},[42,61437,57],{"class":56},[42,61439,61440],{"class":125},"more_numbers",[42,61442,143],{"class":56},[42,61444,61445,61447,61449,61451],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,61446,284],{"class":52},[42,61448,57],{"class":56},[42,61450,3984],{"class":125},[42,61452,143],{"class":56},[42,61454,61455],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,61456,53087],{"class":525},[14,61458,146,61459,61461],{},[17,61460,53810],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[28,61463,4013,61465,4016],{"id":61464},"what-listextend-does",[17,61466,53711],{},[14,61468,61469,1935],{},[17,61470,53810],{},[167,61472,61473,61476,61478,61481],{},[170,61474,61475],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[170,61477,54792],{},[170,61479,61480],{},"Does not create a new list",[170,61482,11778,61483],{},[17,61484,4115],{},[14,61486,61487,61488,54165],{},"This is an important point: ",[17,61489,53810],{},[28,61491,312],{"id":311},[33,61493,61495],{"className":35,"code":61494,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[17,61496,61497],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61498,61499,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61500,61501],{"class":114},"list_name",[42,61503,122],{"class":56},[42,61505,53840],{"class":125},[42,61507,57],{"class":56},[42,61509,4057],{"class":125},[42,61511,143],{"class":56},[14,61513,5796,61514,61516],{},[177,61515,4057],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,61518,61519],{},"Common iterables include:",[167,61521,61522,61526,61530,61534,61539],{},[170,61523,61524],{},[17,61525,8443],{},[170,61527,61528],{},[17,61529,49315],{},[170,61531,61532],{},[17,61533,6633],{},[170,61535,61536],{},[17,61537,61538],{},"string",[170,61540,61541],{},[17,61542,60364],{},[28,61544,61546],{"id":61545},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,61548,61549,61550,1935],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[17,61551,53810],{},[33,61553,61555],{"className":35,"code":61554,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[17,61556,61557,61581,61606,61610,61625,61629,61639],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61558,61559,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573,61575,61577,61579],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61560,36599],{"class":114},[42,61562,88],{"class":87},[42,61564,3957],{"class":56},[42,61566,61],{"class":60},[42,61568,4418],{"class":64},[42,61570,61],{"class":60},[42,61572,70],{"class":56},[42,61574,73],{"class":60},[42,61576,4427],{"class":64},[42,61578,61],{"class":60},[42,61580,3970],{"class":56},[42,61582,61583,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,61584,61585],{"class":114},"more_fruits ",[42,61587,88],{"class":87},[42,61589,3957],{"class":56},[42,61591,61],{"class":60},[42,61593,33581],{"class":64},[42,61595,61],{"class":60},[42,61597,70],{"class":56},[42,61599,73],{"class":60},[42,61601,22890],{"class":64},[42,61603,61],{"class":60},[42,61605,3970],{"class":56},[42,61607,61608],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,61609,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,61611,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61623],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,61613,36651],{"class":114},[42,61615,122],{"class":56},[42,61617,53840],{"class":125},[42,61619,57],{"class":56},[42,61621,61622],{"class":125},"more_fruits",[42,61624,143],{"class":56},[42,61626,61627],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,61628,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,61630,61631,61633,61635,61637],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,61632,284],{"class":52},[42,61634,57],{"class":56},[42,61636,36651],{"class":125},[42,61638,143],{"class":56},[42,61640,61641],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,61642,61643],{"class":525},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,61645,12038],{},[167,61647,61648,61653,61658],{},[170,61649,61650,61652],{},[17,61651,36651],{}," starts with two items",[170,61654,61655,61657],{},[17,61656,61622],{}," has two more items",[170,61659,61660,61662,61663,61665,61666],{},[17,61661,53810],{}," adds each item from ",[17,61664,61622],{}," to ",[17,61667,36651],{},[14,61669,61670,61671,61673],{},"After the method runs, ",[17,61672,36651],{}," contains all four items.",[14,61675,54931,61676,1753,61678,122],{},[693,61677,53135],{"href":51342},[693,61679,57519],{"href":57518},[28,61681,61683,10937,61685],{"id":61682},"extend-vs-append",[17,61684,53810],{},[17,61686,53016],{},[14,61688,61689,1753,61691,61693],{},[17,61690,53810],{},[17,61692,53016],{}," are often confused.",[1073,61695,61697,61699],{"id":61696},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[17,61698,53810],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[33,61701,61703],{"className":35,"code":61702,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61704,61705,61721,61739,61743,61753],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61708,3952],{"class":114},[42,61710,88],{"class":87},[42,61712,3957],{"class":56},[42,61714,3320],{"class":2348},[42,61716,70],{"class":56},[42,61718,3325],{"class":2348},[42,61720,3970],{"class":56},[42,61722,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,61724,3984],{"class":114},[42,61726,122],{"class":56},[42,61728,53840],{"class":125},[42,61730,3317],{"class":56},[42,61732,2387],{"class":2348},[42,61734,70],{"class":56},[42,61736,2787],{"class":2348},[42,61738,4226],{"class":56},[42,61740,61741],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,61742,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,61746,284],{"class":52},[42,61748,57],{"class":56},[42,61750,3984],{"class":125},[42,61752,143],{"class":56},[42,61754,61755],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,61756,53087],{"class":525},[1073,61758,61760,61762],{"id":61759},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[17,61761,53016],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[33,61764,61766],{"className":35,"code":61765,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[17,61767,61768,61784,61802,61806,61816],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61769,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61771,3952],{"class":114},[42,61773,88],{"class":87},[42,61775,3957],{"class":56},[42,61777,3320],{"class":2348},[42,61779,70],{"class":56},[42,61781,3325],{"class":2348},[42,61783,3970],{"class":56},[42,61785,61786,61788,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,61787,3984],{"class":114},[42,61789,122],{"class":56},[42,61791,13910],{"class":125},[42,61793,3317],{"class":56},[42,61795,2387],{"class":2348},[42,61797,70],{"class":56},[42,61799,2787],{"class":2348},[42,61801,4226],{"class":56},[42,61803,61804],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,61805,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,61807,61808,61810,61812,61814],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,61809,284],{"class":52},[42,61811,57],{"class":56},[42,61813,3984],{"class":125},[42,61815,143],{"class":56},[42,61817,61818],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,61819,61820],{"class":525},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61822,19053],{},[167,61824,61825,61830],{},[170,61826,61827,61829],{},[17,61828,53810],{}," to combine values",[170,61831,61832,61834],{},[17,61833,53016],{}," to add one item",[14,61836,42456,61837,1753,61841,122],{},[693,61838,55884,61839,11093],{"href":57133},[17,61840,53016],{},[693,61842,53413],{"href":53412},[28,61844,1940,61846,61848],{"id":61845},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[17,61847,53810],{}," with different iterables",[14,61850,61851,61853],{},[17,61852,53810],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1073,61855,61857],{"id":61856},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[33,61859,61861],{"className":35,"code":61860,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,61862,61863,61879,61897,61901,61911],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61864,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61866,4160],{"class":114},[42,61868,88],{"class":87},[42,61870,3957],{"class":56},[42,61872,3320],{"class":2348},[42,61874,70],{"class":56},[42,61876,3325],{"class":2348},[42,61878,3970],{"class":56},[42,61880,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893,61895],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,61882,5702],{"class":114},[42,61884,122],{"class":56},[42,61886,53840],{"class":125},[42,61888,5855],{"class":56},[42,61890,2387],{"class":2348},[42,61892,70],{"class":56},[42,61894,2787],{"class":2348},[42,61896,842],{"class":56},[42,61898,61899],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,61900,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,61902,61903,61905,61907,61909],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,61904,284],{"class":52},[42,61906,57],{"class":56},[42,61908,5702],{"class":125},[42,61910,143],{"class":56},[42,61912,61913],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,61914,53087],{"class":525},[14,61916,61917],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1073,61919,61921],{"id":61920},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[33,61923,61925],{"className":35,"code":61924,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,61926,61927,61943,61962,61966,61976],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61928,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61930,36450],{"class":114},[42,61932,88],{"class":87},[42,61934,3957],{"class":56},[42,61936,61],{"class":60},[42,61938,693],{"class":64},[42,61940,61],{"class":60},[42,61942,3970],{"class":56},[42,61944,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953,61955,61958,61960],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,61946,36503],{"class":114},[42,61948,122],{"class":56},[42,61950,53840],{"class":125},[42,61952,57],{"class":56},[42,61954,61],{"class":60},[42,61956,61957],{"class":64},"bc",[42,61959,61],{"class":60},[42,61961,143],{"class":56},[42,61963,61964],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,61965,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,61967,61968,61970,61972,61974],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,61969,284],{"class":52},[42,61971,57],{"class":56},[42,61973,36503],{"class":125},[42,61975,143],{"class":56},[42,61977,61978],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,61979,61980],{"class":525},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61982,61983],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1073,61985,61987],{"id":61986},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[33,61989,61991],{"className":35,"code":61990,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[17,61992,61993,62005,62027,62031,62041],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,61994,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,61996,3952],{"class":114},[42,61998,88],{"class":87},[42,62000,3957],{"class":56},[42,62002,2445],{"class":2348},[42,62004,3970],{"class":56},[42,62006,62007,62009,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62008,3984],{"class":114},[42,62010,122],{"class":56},[42,62012,53840],{"class":125},[42,62014,57],{"class":56},[42,62016,60364],{"class":52},[42,62018,57],{"class":56},[42,62020,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62022,70],{"class":56},[42,62024,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62026,842],{"class":56},[42,62028,62029],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62030,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62032,62033,62035,62037,62039],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62034,284],{"class":52},[42,62036,57],{"class":56},[42,62038,3984],{"class":125},[42,62040,143],{"class":56},[42,62042,62043],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62044,62045],{"class":525},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,62047,62048,62051,62052,2514,62054,17431,62056,122],{},[17,62049,62050],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[17,62053,3320],{},[17,62055,2381],{},[17,62057,2387],{},[1073,62059,62061],{"id":62060},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[33,62063,62065],{"className":35,"code":62064,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,62066,62067,62083,62101,62105],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62068,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62070,8128],{"class":114},[42,62072,88],{"class":87},[42,62074,3957],{"class":56},[42,62076,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62078,70],{"class":56},[42,62080,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62082,3970],{"class":56},[42,62084,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095,62097,62099],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62086,8159],{"class":114},[42,62088,122],{"class":56},[42,62090,53840],{"class":125},[42,62092,5874],{"class":56},[42,62094,2387],{"class":2348},[42,62096,70],{"class":56},[42,62098,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62100,30855],{"class":56},[42,62102,62103],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62104,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62106,62107,62109,62111,62113],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62108,284],{"class":52},[42,62110,57],{"class":56},[42,62112,8159],{"class":125},[42,62114,143],{"class":56},[14,62116,62117],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[28,62119,62121],{"id":62120},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,62123,62124,2726,62126,122],{},[17,62125,53810],{},[17,62127,4115],{},[14,62129,62130,62131,1935],{},"That means this is ",[177,62132,62133],{},"wrong",[33,62135,62137],{"className":35,"code":62136,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,62138,62139,62155,62177,62181,62191],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62140,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62142,3952],{"class":114},[42,62144,88],{"class":87},[42,62146,3957],{"class":56},[42,62148,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62150,70],{"class":56},[42,62152,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62154,3970],{"class":56},[42,62156,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62158,2555],{"class":114},[42,62160,88],{"class":87},[42,62162,4603],{"class":114},[42,62164,122],{"class":56},[42,62166,53840],{"class":125},[42,62168,3317],{"class":56},[42,62170,2387],{"class":2348},[42,62172,70],{"class":56},[42,62174,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62176,4226],{"class":56},[42,62178,62179],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62180,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62182,62183,62185,62187,62189],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62184,284],{"class":52},[42,62186,57],{"class":56},[42,62188,2592],{"class":125},[42,62190,143],{"class":56},[42,62192,62193],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62194,62195],{"class":525},"# None\n",[14,62197,62198],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[33,62200,62202],{"className":35,"code":62201,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[17,62203,62204,62220,62242,62246,62256],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62205,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216,62218],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62207,3952],{"class":114},[42,62209,88],{"class":87},[42,62211,3957],{"class":56},[42,62213,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62215,70],{"class":56},[42,62217,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62219,3970],{"class":56},[42,62221,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62223,3952],{"class":114},[42,62225,88],{"class":87},[42,62227,4603],{"class":114},[42,62229,122],{"class":56},[42,62231,53840],{"class":125},[42,62233,3317],{"class":56},[42,62235,2387],{"class":2348},[42,62237,70],{"class":56},[42,62239,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62241,4226],{"class":56},[42,62243,62244],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62245,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62247,62248,62250,62252,62254],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62249,284],{"class":52},[42,62251,57],{"class":56},[42,62253,3984],{"class":125},[42,62255,143],{"class":56},[42,62257,62258],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62259,62195],{"class":525},[14,62261,62262],{},"The correct way is:",[33,62264,62265],{"className":35,"code":61702,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,62266,62267,62283,62301,62305,62315],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62268,62269,62271,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62270,3952],{"class":114},[42,62272,88],{"class":87},[42,62274,3957],{"class":56},[42,62276,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62278,70],{"class":56},[42,62280,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62282,3970],{"class":56},[42,62284,62285,62287,62289,62291,62293,62295,62297,62299],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62286,3984],{"class":114},[42,62288,122],{"class":56},[42,62290,53840],{"class":125},[42,62292,3317],{"class":56},[42,62294,2387],{"class":2348},[42,62296,70],{"class":56},[42,62298,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62300,4226],{"class":56},[42,62302,62303],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62304,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62306,62307,62309,62311,62313],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62308,284],{"class":52},[42,62310,57],{"class":56},[42,62312,3984],{"class":125},[42,62314,143],{"class":56},[42,62316,62317],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62318,53087],{"class":525},[14,62320,56273,62321,62323],{},[17,62322,53810],{}," first, then use the original list.",[28,62325,4859],{"id":4858},[14,62327,15090,62328,122],{},[17,62329,53810],{},[1073,62331,62333,62334,62336],{"id":62332},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[17,62335,53810],{}," to return a new list",[33,62338,62340],{"className":35,"code":62339,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[17,62341,62342,62358,62380,62384,62394],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62343,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352,62354,62356],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62345,3952],{"class":114},[42,62347,88],{"class":87},[42,62349,3957],{"class":56},[42,62351,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62353,70],{"class":56},[42,62355,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62357,3970],{"class":56},[42,62359,62360,62362,62364,62366,62368,62370,62372,62374,62376,62378],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62361,56006],{"class":114},[42,62363,88],{"class":87},[42,62365,4603],{"class":114},[42,62367,122],{"class":56},[42,62369,53840],{"class":125},[42,62371,3317],{"class":56},[42,62373,2387],{"class":2348},[42,62375,70],{"class":56},[42,62377,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62379,4226],{"class":56},[42,62381,62382],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62383,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62385,62386,62388,62390,62392],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62387,284],{"class":52},[42,62389,57],{"class":56},[42,62391,56025],{"class":125},[42,62393,143],{"class":56},[42,62395,62396],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62397,62195],{"class":525},[14,62399,62400,62401,122],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[17,62402,53810],{},[1073,62404,62406,62407,44992,62409,62411],{"id":62405},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[17,62408,53016],{},[17,62410,53810],{}," is needed",[33,62413,62414],{"className":35,"code":61765,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,62415,62416,62432,62450,62454,62464],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62417,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62419,3952],{"class":114},[42,62421,88],{"class":87},[42,62423,3957],{"class":56},[42,62425,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62427,70],{"class":56},[42,62429,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62431,3970],{"class":56},[42,62433,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444,62446,62448],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62435,3984],{"class":114},[42,62437,122],{"class":56},[42,62439,13910],{"class":125},[42,62441,3317],{"class":56},[42,62443,2387],{"class":2348},[42,62445,70],{"class":56},[42,62447,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62449,4226],{"class":56},[42,62451,62452],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62453,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62455,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62457,284],{"class":52},[42,62459,57],{"class":56},[42,62461,3984],{"class":125},[42,62463,143],{"class":56},[42,62465,62466],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62467,61820],{"class":525},[14,62469,62470,62471,54255,62473,6978],{},"If you wanted ",[17,62472,54254],{},[17,62474,53810],{},[1073,62476,62478],{"id":62477},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[33,62480,62482],{"className":35,"code":62481,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[17,62483,62484,62500,62518,62522,62532],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62485,62486,62488,62490,62492,62494,62496,62498],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62487,4409],{"class":114},[42,62489,88],{"class":87},[42,62491,3957],{"class":56},[42,62493,61],{"class":60},[42,62495,4183],{"class":64},[42,62497,61],{"class":60},[42,62499,3970],{"class":56},[42,62501,62502,62504,62506,62508,62510,62512,62514,62516],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62503,4453],{"class":114},[42,62505,122],{"class":56},[42,62507,53840],{"class":125},[42,62509,57],{"class":56},[42,62511,61],{"class":60},[42,62513,60955],{"class":64},[42,62515,61],{"class":60},[42,62517,143],{"class":56},[42,62519,62520],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62521,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62523,62524,62526,62528,62530],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62525,284],{"class":52},[42,62527,57],{"class":56},[42,62529,4453],{"class":125},[42,62531,143],{"class":56},[42,62533,62534],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62535,62536],{"class":525},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,62538,62539,62540,62543,62544,1935],{},"If you want ",[17,62541,62542],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[17,62545,53016],{},[33,62547,62549],{"className":35,"code":62548,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[17,62550,62551,62567,62585,62589,62599],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62552,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62554,4409],{"class":114},[42,62556,88],{"class":87},[42,62558,3957],{"class":56},[42,62560,61],{"class":60},[42,62562,4183],{"class":64},[42,62564,61],{"class":60},[42,62566,3970],{"class":56},[42,62568,62569,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579,62581,62583],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62570,4453],{"class":114},[42,62572,122],{"class":56},[42,62574,13910],{"class":125},[42,62576,57],{"class":56},[42,62578,61],{"class":60},[42,62580,60955],{"class":64},[42,62582,61],{"class":60},[42,62584,143],{"class":56},[42,62586,62587],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62588,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62590,62591,62593,62595,62597],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62592,284],{"class":52},[42,62594,57],{"class":56},[42,62596,4453],{"class":125},[42,62598,143],{"class":56},[42,62600,62601],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62602,62603],{"class":525},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1073,62605,62607],{"id":62606},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[33,62609,62611],{"className":35,"code":62610,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[17,62612,62613,62629],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62614,62615,62617,62619,62621,62623,62625,62627],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62616,3952],{"class":114},[42,62618,88],{"class":87},[42,62620,3957],{"class":56},[42,62622,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62624,70],{"class":56},[42,62626,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62628,3970],{"class":56},[42,62630,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62632,3984],{"class":114},[42,62634,122],{"class":56},[42,62636,53840],{"class":125},[42,62638,57],{"class":56},[42,62640,2461],{"class":2348},[42,62642,143],{"class":56},[14,62644,40016,62645,6898],{},[17,62646,2461],{},[14,62648,62649,62650,62652,62653,62656],{},"You will get a ",[17,62651,3338],{},". See ",[693,62654,62655],{"href":52963},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,62658,62659],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[33,62661,62663],{"className":35,"code":62662,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[17,62664,62665,62675,62689,62701],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62666,62667,62669,62671,62673],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62668,284],{"class":52},[42,62670,57],{"class":56},[42,62672,8689],{"class":125},[42,62674,143],{"class":56},[42,62676,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62678,284],{"class":52},[42,62680,57],{"class":56},[42,62682,835],{"class":834},[42,62684,57],{"class":56},[42,62686,5702],{"class":125},[42,62688,842],{"class":56},[42,62690,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62692,284],{"class":52},[42,62694,57],{"class":56},[42,62696,2592],{"class":125},[42,62698,98],{"class":56},[42,62700,143],{"class":114},[42,62702,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711,62713],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62704,32512],{"class":52},[42,62706,57],{"class":56},[42,62708,8443],{"class":834},[42,62710,122],{"class":56},[42,62712,53840],{"class":2022},[42,62714,143],{"class":56},[43942,62716,62717],{},[14,62718,62719,62720,62723,62724,62726,62727,122],{},"Note: ",[17,62721,62722],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[17,62725,98],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[17,62728,33387],{},[14,62730,62731],{},"Correct debugging example:",[33,62733,62735],{"className":35,"code":62734,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[17,62736,62737,62753,62769,62773,62787,62791,62799,62809,62823,62833],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62738,62739,62741,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62740,8658],{"class":114},[42,62742,88],{"class":87},[42,62744,3957],{"class":56},[42,62746,3320],{"class":2348},[42,62748,70],{"class":56},[42,62750,3325],{"class":2348},[42,62752,3970],{"class":56},[42,62754,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62756,4160],{"class":114},[42,62758,88],{"class":87},[42,62760,3957],{"class":56},[42,62762,2387],{"class":2348},[42,62764,70],{"class":56},[42,62766,2787],{"class":2348},[42,62768,3970],{"class":56},[42,62770,62771],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62772,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62774,62775,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62776,8689],{"class":114},[42,62778,122],{"class":56},[42,62780,53840],{"class":125},[42,62782,57],{"class":56},[42,62784,5702],{"class":125},[42,62786,143],{"class":56},[42,62788,62789],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62790,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62792,62793,62795,62797],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,62794,2555],{"class":114},[42,62796,88],{"class":87},[42,62798,48889],{"class":4190},[42,62800,62801,62803,62805,62807],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,62802,284],{"class":52},[42,62804,57],{"class":56},[42,62806,8689],{"class":125},[42,62808,143],{"class":56},[42,62810,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,62812,284],{"class":52},[42,62814,57],{"class":56},[42,62816,835],{"class":834},[42,62818,57],{"class":56},[42,62820,5702],{"class":125},[42,62822,842],{"class":56},[42,62824,62825,62827,62829,62831],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,62826,284],{"class":52},[42,62828,57],{"class":56},[42,62830,2592],{"class":125},[42,62832,143],{"class":56},[42,62834,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845],{"class":44,"line":6783},[42,62836,32512],{"class":52},[42,62838,57],{"class":56},[42,62840,8443],{"class":834},[42,62842,122],{"class":56},[42,62844,53840],{"class":2022},[42,62846,143],{"class":56},[28,62848,5303,62850],{"id":62849},"when-to-use-extend",[17,62851,53810],{},[14,62853,146,62854,6664],{},[17,62855,53810],{},[167,62857,62858,62861,62864],{},[170,62859,62860],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[170,62862,62863],{},"Add multiple values at once",[170,62865,62866],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62868,5816],{},[33,62870,62872],{"className":35,"code":62871,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[17,62873,62874,62891,62909,62913,62929,62933,62943],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,62875,62876,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,62877,62878],{"class":114},"all_scores ",[42,62880,88],{"class":87},[42,62882,3957],{"class":56},[42,62884,13859],{"class":2348},[42,62886,70],{"class":56},[42,62888,13864],{"class":2348},[42,62890,3970],{"class":56},[42,62892,62893,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62907],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,62894,62895],{"class":114},"new_scores ",[42,62897,88],{"class":87},[42,62899,3957],{"class":56},[42,62901,51868],{"class":2348},[42,62903,70],{"class":56},[42,62905,62906],{"class":2348}," 92",[42,62908,3970],{"class":56},[42,62910,62911],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,62912,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62914,62915,62918,62920,62922,62924,62927],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,62916,62917],{"class":114},"all_scores",[42,62919,122],{"class":56},[42,62921,53840],{"class":125},[42,62923,57],{"class":56},[42,62925,62926],{"class":125},"new_scores",[42,62928,143],{"class":56},[42,62930,62931],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,62932,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,62934,62935,62937,62939,62941],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,62936,284],{"class":52},[42,62938,57],{"class":56},[42,62940,62917],{"class":125},[42,62942,143],{"class":56},[42,62944,62945],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,62946,62947],{"class":525},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62949,62950,62951,62953,62954,122],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[17,62952,53016],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[693,62955,55884,62956,11093],{"href":54272},[17,62957,54632],{},[28,62959,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,62961,13060,62963,55833],{"id":62962},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[17,62964,53711],{},[14,62966,62967,62968,122],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[17,62969,4115],{},[1073,62971,2171,62973,1753,62975,2823],{"id":62972},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[17,62974,53810],{},[17,62976,53016],{},[14,62978,62979,62981,62982,62984],{},[17,62980,53810],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[17,62983,53016],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1073,62986,28687,62988,62990],{"id":62987},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[17,62989,53810],{}," with a string?",[14,62992,62993],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1073,62995,28687,62997,62999],{"id":62996},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[17,62998,53810],{}," with a tuple?",[14,63001,63002],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1073,63004,63006,63007,2823],{"id":63005},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[17,63008,53810],{},[14,63010,63011,63012,63014],{},"You get a ",[17,63013,3338],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[28,63016,2205],{"id":2204},[167,63018,63019,63025,63029,63033,63037,63043,63047],{},[170,63020,63021],{},[693,63022,55884,63023,11093],{"href":57133},[17,63024,53016],{},[170,63026,63027],{},[693,63028,54642],{"href":53412},[170,63030,63031],{},[693,63032,57593],{"href":57518},[170,63034,63035],{},[693,63036,53135],{"href":51342},[170,63038,63039],{},[693,63040,55884,63041,11093],{"href":54272},[17,63042,54632],{},[170,63044,63045],{},[693,63046,62655],{"href":52963},[170,63048,63049],{},[693,63050,55884,63051,11093],{"href":55324},[17,63052,13133],{},[14,63054,63055,63056,63058,63059,63061],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[17,63057,53016],{},", when to use ",[17,63060,54632],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2245,63063,63064],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":63066},[63067,63068,63070,63071,63072,63079,63086,63087,63095,63097,63109],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":61464,"depth":111,"text":63069},"What list.extend() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":61545,"depth":111,"text":61546},{"id":61682,"depth":111,"text":63073,"children":63074},"extend() vs append()",[63075,63077],{"id":61696,"depth":132,"text":63076},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61759,"depth":132,"text":63078},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61845,"depth":111,"text":63080,"children":63081},"Using extend() with different iterables",[63082,63083,63084,63085],{"id":61856,"depth":132,"text":61857},{"id":61920,"depth":132,"text":61921},{"id":61986,"depth":132,"text":61987},{"id":62060,"depth":132,"text":62061},{"id":62120,"depth":111,"text":62121},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":63088},[63089,63091,63093,63094],{"id":62332,"depth":132,"text":63090},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62405,"depth":132,"text":63092},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62477,"depth":132,"text":62478},{"id":62606,"depth":132,"text":62607},{"id":62849,"depth":111,"text":63096},"When to use extend()",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":63098},[63099,63101,63103,63105,63107],{"id":62962,"depth":132,"text":63100},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62972,"depth":132,"text":63102},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62987,"depth":132,"text":63104},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62996,"depth":132,"text":63106},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":63005,"depth":132,"text":63108},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61368,"description":63110},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":63117,"title":63118,"body":63119,"description":65210,"extension":2285,"meta":65211,"navigation":2287,"path":65212,"seo":65213,"stem":65214,"__hash__":65215},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":63120,"toc":65173},[63121,63124,63129,63135,63146,63152,63154,63223,63225,63274,63282,63286,63291,63294,63305,63310,63312,63314,63335,63348,63351,63364,63366,63371,63396,63398,63406,63409,63478,63480,63504,63510,63514,63518,63554,63556,63576,63583,63587,63620,63622,63656,63661,63665,63698,63700,63728,63736,63740,63777,63779,63800,63803,63807,63876,63878,63902,63908,63915,63919,63922,63924,63938,63941,63965,63967,63992,63995,64014,64016,64042,64051,64055,64062,64139,64141,64182,64188,64194,64285,64287,64343,64346,64351,64355,64360,64364,64423,64425,64450,64454,64517,64519,64544,64548,64611,64613,64656,64659,64663,64667,64689,64693,64775,64777,64812,64820,64822,64826,64830,64832,64859,64864,64866,64893,64900,64903,64926,64928,64977,64980,64983,65002,65006,65009,65060,65063,65069,65073,65078,65081,65083,65089,65098,65102,65108,65112,65115,65119,65122,65126,65132,65134,65170],[10,63122,63118],{"id":63123},"python-list-function-explained",[14,63125,9473,63126,63128],{},[17,63127,25138],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,63130,63131,63132,63134],{},"Beginners usually use ",[17,63133,25138],{}," for two main reasons:",[167,63136,63137,63140],{},[170,63138,63139],{},"to make an empty list",[170,63141,63142,63143,63145],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[17,63144,60364],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,63147,63148,63149,63151],{},"This page explains how ",[17,63150,25138],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[28,63153,31],{"id":30},[33,63155,63157],{"className":35,"code":63156,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,63158,63159,63181,63199,63203,63213],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63160,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63177,63179],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63162,3952],{"class":114},[42,63164,88],{"class":87},[42,63166,22917],{"class":834},[42,63168,5855],{"class":56},[42,63170,3320],{"class":2348},[42,63172,70],{"class":56},[42,63174,3325],{"class":2348},[42,63176,70],{"class":56},[42,63178,2781],{"class":2348},[42,63180,842],{"class":56},[42,63182,63183,63185,63187,63189,63191,63193,63195,63197],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63184,36450],{"class":114},[42,63186,88],{"class":87},[42,63188,22917],{"class":834},[42,63190,57],{"class":56},[42,63192,61],{"class":60},[42,63194,41923],{"class":64},[42,63196,61],{"class":60},[42,63198,143],{"class":56},[42,63200,63201],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,63202,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,63204,63205,63207,63209,63211],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,63206,284],{"class":52},[42,63208,57],{"class":56},[42,63210,3984],{"class":125},[42,63212,143],{"class":56},[42,63214,63215,63217,63219,63221],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,63216,284],{"class":52},[42,63218,57],{"class":56},[42,63220,36503],{"class":125},[42,63222,143],{"class":56},[14,63224,2395],{},[33,63226,63228],{"className":35,"code":63227,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[17,63229,63230,63246],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63231,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63233,4238],{"class":56},[42,63235,3320],{"class":2348},[42,63237,70],{"class":56},[42,63239,3325],{"class":2348},[42,63241,70],{"class":56},[42,63243,2781],{"class":2348},[42,63245,3970],{"class":56},[42,63247,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266,63268,63270,63272],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63249,4238],{"class":56},[42,63251,868],{"class":60},[42,63253,693],{"class":64},[42,63255,868],{"class":60},[42,63257,70],{"class":56},[42,63259,862],{"class":60},[42,63261,5102],{"class":64},[42,63263,868],{"class":60},[42,63265,70],{"class":56},[42,63267,862],{"class":60},[42,63269,10090],{"class":64},[42,63271,868],{"class":60},[42,63273,3970],{"class":56},[14,63275,146,63276,63278,63279,63281],{},[17,63277,25138],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[17,63280,60364],{},", set, or dictionary.",[28,63283,63285],{"id":63284},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,63287,63288,63290],{},[17,63289,25138],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,63292,63293],{},"It can:",[167,63295,63296,63299,63302],{},[170,63297,63298],{},"create a new list object",[170,63300,63301],{},"make an empty list",[170,63303,63304],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,63306,63307,63308,122],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[693,63309,53135],{"href":51342},[28,63311,312],{"id":311},[14,63313,26845],{},[33,63315,63317],{"className":35,"code":63316,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[17,63318,63319,63325],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63320,63321,63323],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63322,8443],{"class":834},[42,63324,129],{"class":56},[42,63326,63327,63329,63331,63333],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63328,8443],{"class":834},[42,63330,57],{"class":56},[42,63332,4057],{"class":125},[42,63334,143],{"class":56},[167,63336,63337,63342],{},[170,63338,63339,63341],{},[17,63340,25138],{}," makes an empty list",[170,63343,63344,63347],{},[17,63345,63346],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,63349,63350],{},"Common iterable values include:",[167,63352,63353,63355,63357,63359,63362],{},[170,63354,5652],{},[170,63356,5646],{},[170,63358,5649],{},[170,63360,63361],{},"ranges",[170,63363,7598],{},[28,63365,59986],{"id":59985},[14,63367,146,63368,63370],{},[17,63369,25138],{}," with no arguments:",[33,63372,63374],{"className":35,"code":63373,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[17,63375,63376,63386],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63377,63378,63380,63382,63384],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63379,8128],{"class":114},[42,63381,88],{"class":87},[42,63383,22917],{"class":834},[42,63385,129],{"class":56},[42,63387,63388,63390,63392,63394],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63389,284],{"class":52},[42,63391,57],{"class":56},[42,63393,8159],{"class":125},[42,63395,143],{"class":56},[14,63397,2395],{},[33,63399,63400],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,63401,63402],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63403,63404],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63405,38659],{"class":56},[14,63407,63408],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[33,63410,63412],{"className":35,"code":63411,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,63413,63414,63424,63428,63446,63464,63468],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63415,63416,63418,63420,63422],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63417,8128],{"class":114},[42,63419,88],{"class":87},[42,63421,22917],{"class":834},[42,63423,129],{"class":56},[42,63425,63426],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63427,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,63429,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,63431,8159],{"class":114},[42,63433,122],{"class":56},[42,63435,13910],{"class":125},[42,63437,57],{"class":56},[42,63439,61],{"class":60},[42,63441,4418],{"class":64},[42,63443,61],{"class":60},[42,63445,143],{"class":56},[42,63447,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,63449,8159],{"class":114},[42,63451,122],{"class":56},[42,63453,13910],{"class":125},[42,63455,57],{"class":56},[42,63457,61],{"class":60},[42,63459,4427],{"class":64},[42,63461,61],{"class":60},[42,63463,143],{"class":56},[42,63465,63466],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,63467,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,63469,63470,63472,63474,63476],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,63471,284],{"class":52},[42,63473,57],{"class":56},[42,63475,8159],{"class":125},[42,63477,143],{"class":56},[14,63479,2395],{},[33,63481,63482],{"className":35,"code":38785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,63483,63484],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63485,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63487,4238],{"class":56},[42,63489,868],{"class":60},[42,63491,4418],{"class":64},[42,63493,868],{"class":60},[42,63495,70],{"class":56},[42,63497,862],{"class":60},[42,63499,4427],{"class":64},[42,63501,868],{"class":60},[42,63503,3970],{"class":56},[14,63505,63506,63507,63509],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[17,63508,4124],{},". Both are valid.",[28,63511,63513],{"id":63512},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1073,63515,63517],{"id":63516},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[33,63519,63520],{"className":35,"code":60284,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,63521,63522,63544],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63523,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63525,3952],{"class":114},[42,63527,88],{"class":87},[42,63529,22917],{"class":834},[42,63531,5855],{"class":56},[42,63533,3320],{"class":2348},[42,63535,70],{"class":56},[42,63537,3325],{"class":2348},[42,63539,70],{"class":56},[42,63541,2781],{"class":2348},[42,63543,842],{"class":56},[42,63545,63546,63548,63550,63552],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63547,284],{"class":52},[42,63549,57],{"class":56},[42,63551,3984],{"class":125},[42,63553,143],{"class":56},[14,63555,2395],{},[33,63557,63558],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,63559,63560],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63561,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63563,4238],{"class":56},[42,63565,3320],{"class":2348},[42,63567,70],{"class":56},[42,63569,3325],{"class":2348},[42,63571,70],{"class":56},[42,63573,2781],{"class":2348},[42,63575,3970],{"class":56},[14,63577,63578,63579,122],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[693,63580,63582],{"href":63581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1073,63584,63586],{"id":63585},"string-to-list","String to list",[33,63588,63590],{"className":35,"code":63589,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,63591,63592,63610],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63593,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63595,36450],{"class":114},[42,63597,88],{"class":87},[42,63599,22917],{"class":834},[42,63601,57],{"class":56},[42,63603,61],{"class":60},[42,63605,37408],{"class":64},[42,63607,61],{"class":60},[42,63609,143],{"class":56},[42,63611,63612,63614,63616,63618],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63613,284],{"class":52},[42,63615,57],{"class":56},[42,63617,36503],{"class":125},[42,63619,143],{"class":56},[14,63621,2395],{},[33,63623,63625],{"className":35,"code":63624,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[17,63626,63627],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63628,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63652,63654],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63630,4238],{"class":56},[42,63632,868],{"class":60},[42,63634,10090],{"class":64},[42,63636,868],{"class":60},[42,63638,70],{"class":56},[42,63640,862],{"class":60},[42,63642,693],{"class":64},[42,63644,868],{"class":60},[42,63646,70],{"class":56},[42,63648,862],{"class":60},[42,63650,63651],{"class":64},"t",[42,63653,868],{"class":60},[42,63655,3970],{"class":56},[14,63657,63658,63660],{},[17,63659,25138],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1073,63662,63664],{"id":63663},"range-to-list","Range to list",[33,63666,63668],{"className":35,"code":63667,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,63669,63670,63688],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63671,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63673,3952],{"class":114},[42,63675,88],{"class":87},[42,63677,22917],{"class":834},[42,63679,57],{"class":56},[42,63681,60364],{"class":52},[42,63683,57],{"class":56},[42,63685,2461],{"class":2348},[42,63687,842],{"class":56},[42,63689,63690,63692,63694,63696],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63691,284],{"class":52},[42,63693,57],{"class":56},[42,63695,3984],{"class":125},[42,63697,143],{"class":56},[14,63699,2395],{},[33,63701,63702],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,63703,63704],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63705,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63707,4238],{"class":56},[42,63709,2445],{"class":2348},[42,63711,70],{"class":56},[42,63713,5842],{"class":2348},[42,63715,70],{"class":56},[42,63717,3325],{"class":2348},[42,63719,70],{"class":56},[42,63721,2781],{"class":2348},[42,63723,70],{"class":56},[42,63725,2787],{"class":2348},[42,63727,3970],{"class":56},[14,63729,63730,63731,63735],{},"This is common when working with ",[693,63732,63733],{"href":36555},[17,63734,36558],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1073,63737,63739],{"id":63738},"set-to-list","Set to list",[33,63741,63743],{"className":35,"code":63742,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[17,63744,63745,63767],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63746,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63748,4160],{"class":114},[42,63750,88],{"class":87},[42,63752,22917],{"class":834},[42,63754,5874],{"class":56},[42,63756,2659],{"class":2348},[42,63758,70],{"class":56},[42,63760,8139],{"class":2348},[42,63762,70],{"class":56},[42,63764,8144],{"class":2348},[42,63766,30855],{"class":56},[42,63768,63769,63771,63773,63775],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63770,284],{"class":52},[42,63772,57],{"class":56},[42,63774,5702],{"class":125},[42,63776,143],{"class":56},[14,63778,17317],{},[33,63780,63782],{"className":35,"code":63781,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,63783,63784],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63785,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63787,4238],{"class":56},[42,63789,2659],{"class":2348},[42,63791,70],{"class":56},[42,63793,8139],{"class":2348},[42,63795,70],{"class":56},[42,63797,8144],{"class":2348},[42,63799,3970],{"class":56},[14,63801,63802],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1073,63804,63806],{"id":63805},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[33,63808,63810],{"className":35,"code":63809,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,63811,63812,63848,63862,63866],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63813,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63815,13562],{"class":114},[42,63817,88],{"class":87},[42,63819,10842],{"class":56},[42,63821,61],{"class":60},[42,63823,8016],{"class":64},[42,63825,61],{"class":60},[42,63827,1935],{"class":56},[42,63829,73],{"class":60},[42,63831,13237],{"class":64},[42,63833,61],{"class":60},[42,63835,70],{"class":56},[42,63837,73],{"class":60},[42,63839,9649],{"class":64},[42,63841,61],{"class":60},[42,63843,1935],{"class":56},[42,63845,9656],{"class":2348},[42,63847,9659],{"class":56},[42,63849,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,63851,2555],{"class":114},[42,63853,88],{"class":87},[42,63855,22917],{"class":834},[42,63857,57],{"class":56},[42,63859,17666],{"class":125},[42,63861,143],{"class":56},[42,63863,63864],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,63865,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,63867,63868,63870,63872,63874],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,63869,284],{"class":52},[42,63871,57],{"class":56},[42,63873,2592],{"class":125},[42,63875,143],{"class":56},[14,63877,2395],{},[33,63879,63880],{"className":35,"code":25838,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,63881,63882],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63883,63884,63886,63888,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63885,4238],{"class":56},[42,63887,868],{"class":60},[42,63889,8016],{"class":64},[42,63891,868],{"class":60},[42,63893,70],{"class":56},[42,63895,862],{"class":60},[42,63897,9649],{"class":64},[42,63899,868],{"class":60},[42,63901,3970],{"class":56},[14,63903,63904,63905,63907],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[17,63906,25138],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63909,63910,63911,122],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[693,63912,63914],{"href":63913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[28,63916,63918],{"id":63917},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63920,63921],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63923,61519],{},[167,63925,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934,63936],{},[170,63927,5643],{},[170,63929,5646],{},[170,63931,5652],{},[170,63933,5649],{},[170,63935,63361],{},[170,63937,7598],{},[14,63939,63940],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[33,63942,63944],{"className":35,"code":63943,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[17,63945,63946],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63947,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63961,63963],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63949,284],{"class":52},[42,63951,57],{"class":56},[42,63953,8443],{"class":834},[42,63955,57],{"class":56},[42,63957,61],{"class":60},[42,63959,63960],{"class":64},"hi",[42,63962,61],{"class":60},[42,63964,842],{"class":56},[14,63966,2395],{},[33,63968,63970],{"className":35,"code":63969,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['h', 'i']\n",[17,63971,63972],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,63973,63974,63976,63978,63980,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,63975,4238],{"class":56},[42,63977,868],{"class":60},[42,63979,60804],{"class":64},[42,63981,868],{"class":60},[42,63983,70],{"class":56},[42,63985,862],{"class":60},[42,63987,36514],{"class":64},[42,63989,868],{"class":60},[42,63991,3970],{"class":56},[14,63993,63994],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[33,63996,63998],{"className":35,"code":63997,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(5))\n",[17,63999,64000],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64003,284],{"class":52},[42,64005,57],{"class":56},[42,64007,8443],{"class":834},[42,64009,57],{"class":56},[42,64011,2461],{"class":2348},[42,64013,842],{"class":56},[14,64015,2395],{},[33,64017,64019],{"className":35,"code":64018,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[17,64020,64021],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64022,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64024,3338],{"class":834},[42,64026,1935],{"class":56},[42,64028,862],{"class":60},[42,64030,2513],{"class":64},[42,64032,868],{"class":60},[42,64034,24975],{"class":834},[42,64036,8446],{"class":87},[42,64038,8449],{"class":87},[42,64040,64041],{"class":114}," iterable\n",[14,64043,64044,64045,64047,64048,122],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[693,64046,5479],{"href":5931},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[693,64049,64050],{"href":52963},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[28,64052,64054],{"id":64053},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,64056,64057,64058,64061],{},"If you already have a list, ",[17,64059,64060],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[33,64063,64065],{"className":35,"code":64064,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[17,64066,64067,64087,64101,64105,64115,64125],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64068,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64070,12441],{"class":114},[42,64072,88],{"class":87},[42,64074,3957],{"class":56},[42,64076,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64078,70],{"class":56},[42,64080,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64082,70],{"class":56},[42,64084,2781],{"class":2348},[42,64086,3970],{"class":56},[42,64088,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64090,14668],{"class":114},[42,64092,88],{"class":87},[42,64094,22917],{"class":834},[42,64096,57],{"class":56},[42,64098,12488],{"class":125},[42,64100,143],{"class":56},[42,64102,64103],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,64104,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,64106,64107,64109,64111,64113],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,64108,284],{"class":52},[42,64110,57],{"class":56},[42,64112,12488],{"class":125},[42,64114,143],{"class":56},[42,64116,64117,64119,64121,64123],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,64118,284],{"class":52},[42,64120,57],{"class":56},[42,64122,14687],{"class":125},[42,64124,143],{"class":56},[42,64126,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,64128,284],{"class":52},[42,64130,57],{"class":56},[42,64132,12441],{"class":125},[42,64134,12549],{"class":48},[42,64136,14741],{"class":125},[42,64138,143],{"class":56},[14,64140,2395],{},[33,64142,64144],{"className":35,"code":64143,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[17,64145,64146,64162,64178],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64147,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64149,4238],{"class":56},[42,64151,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64153,70],{"class":56},[42,64155,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64157,70],{"class":56},[42,64159,2781],{"class":2348},[42,64161,3970],{"class":56},[42,64163,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64165,4238],{"class":56},[42,64167,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64169,70],{"class":56},[42,64171,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64173,70],{"class":56},[42,64175,2781],{"class":2348},[42,64177,3970],{"class":56},[42,64179,64180],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,64181,4379],{"class":4190},[14,64183,64184,64185,64187],{},"This means ",[17,64186,14687],{}," is a different list object.",[14,64189,64190,64191,64193],{},"However, this is only a ",[177,64192,13207],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[33,64195,64197],{"className":35,"code":64196,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[17,64198,64199,64225,64239,64243,64261,64265,64275],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64200,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64202,12441],{"class":114},[42,64204,88],{"class":87},[42,64206,56658],{"class":56},[42,64208,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64210,70],{"class":56},[42,64212,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64214,18421],{"class":56},[42,64216,3957],{"class":56},[42,64218,2387],{"class":2348},[42,64220,70],{"class":56},[42,64222,2787],{"class":2348},[42,64224,53606],{"class":56},[42,64226,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64228,14668],{"class":114},[42,64230,88],{"class":87},[42,64232,22917],{"class":834},[42,64234,57],{"class":56},[42,64236,12488],{"class":125},[42,64238,143],{"class":56},[42,64240,64241],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,64242,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,64244,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,64246,14687],{"class":114},[42,64248,4238],{"class":56},[42,64250,2445],{"class":2348},[42,64252,13907],{"class":56},[42,64254,13910],{"class":125},[42,64256,57],{"class":56},[42,64258,56711],{"class":2348},[42,64260,143],{"class":56},[42,64262,64263],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,64264,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,64268,284],{"class":52},[42,64270,57],{"class":56},[42,64272,12488],{"class":125},[42,64274,143],{"class":56},[42,64276,64277,64279,64281,64283],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,64278,284],{"class":52},[42,64280,57],{"class":56},[42,64282,14687],{"class":125},[42,64284,143],{"class":56},[14,64286,2395],{},[33,64288,64289],{"className":35,"code":56742,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,64290,64291,64317],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64292,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64294,56749],{"class":56},[42,64296,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64298,70],{"class":56},[42,64300,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64302,70],{"class":56},[42,64304,10548],{"class":2348},[42,64306,18421],{"class":56},[42,64308,3957],{"class":56},[42,64310,2387],{"class":2348},[42,64312,70],{"class":56},[42,64314,2787],{"class":2348},[42,64316,53606],{"class":56},[42,64318,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64320,56749],{"class":56},[42,64322,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64324,70],{"class":56},[42,64326,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64328,70],{"class":56},[42,64330,10548],{"class":2348},[42,64332,18421],{"class":56},[42,64334,3957],{"class":56},[42,64336,2387],{"class":2348},[42,64338,70],{"class":56},[42,64340,2787],{"class":2348},[42,64342,53606],{"class":56},[14,64344,64345],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,64347,64348,64349,122],{},"For more on this, see ",[693,64350,14148],{"href":14147},[28,64352,64354],{"id":64353},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,64356,64357,64358,122],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[17,64359,25138],{},[1073,64361,64363],{"id":64362},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[33,64365,64367],{"className":35,"code":64366,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[17,64368,64369,64409],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64370,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387,64389,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64372,13220],{"class":114},[42,64374,88],{"class":87},[42,64376,10842],{"class":56},[42,64378,61],{"class":60},[42,64380,8016],{"class":64},[42,64382,61],{"class":60},[42,64384,1935],{"class":56},[42,64386,73],{"class":60},[42,64388,8271],{"class":64},[42,64390,61],{"class":60},[42,64392,70],{"class":56},[42,64394,73],{"class":60},[42,64396,20250],{"class":64},[42,64398,61],{"class":60},[42,64400,1935],{"class":56},[42,64402,73],{"class":60},[42,64404,22602],{"class":64},[42,64406,61],{"class":60},[42,64408,9659],{"class":56},[42,64410,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64412,284],{"class":52},[42,64414,57],{"class":56},[42,64416,8443],{"class":834},[42,64418,57],{"class":56},[42,64420,13983],{"class":125},[42,64422,842],{"class":56},[14,64424,2395],{},[33,64426,64428],{"className":35,"code":64427,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['name', 'grade']\n",[17,64429,64430],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64431,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64433,4238],{"class":56},[42,64435,868],{"class":60},[42,64437,8016],{"class":64},[42,64439,868],{"class":60},[42,64441,70],{"class":56},[42,64443,862],{"class":60},[42,64445,20250],{"class":64},[42,64447,868],{"class":60},[42,64449,3970],{"class":56},[1073,64451,64453],{"id":64452},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[33,64455,64457],{"className":35,"code":64456,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[17,64458,64459,64499],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64460,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64462,13220],{"class":114},[42,64464,88],{"class":87},[42,64466,10842],{"class":56},[42,64468,61],{"class":60},[42,64470,8016],{"class":64},[42,64472,61],{"class":60},[42,64474,1935],{"class":56},[42,64476,73],{"class":60},[42,64478,8271],{"class":64},[42,64480,61],{"class":60},[42,64482,70],{"class":56},[42,64484,73],{"class":60},[42,64486,20250],{"class":64},[42,64488,61],{"class":60},[42,64490,1935],{"class":56},[42,64492,73],{"class":60},[42,64494,22602],{"class":64},[42,64496,61],{"class":60},[42,64498,9659],{"class":56},[42,64500,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64502,284],{"class":52},[42,64504,57],{"class":56},[42,64506,8443],{"class":834},[42,64508,57],{"class":56},[42,64510,13983],{"class":125},[42,64512,122],{"class":56},[42,64514,5702],{"class":125},[42,64516,6636],{"class":56},[14,64518,2395],{},[33,64520,64522],{"className":35,"code":64521,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[17,64523,64524],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64525,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64527,4238],{"class":56},[42,64529,868],{"class":60},[42,64531,8271],{"class":64},[42,64533,868],{"class":60},[42,64535,70],{"class":56},[42,64537,862],{"class":60},[42,64539,22602],{"class":64},[42,64541,868],{"class":60},[42,64543,3970],{"class":56},[1073,64545,64547],{"id":64546},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[33,64549,64551],{"className":35,"code":64550,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[17,64552,64553,64593],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64554,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64556,13220],{"class":114},[42,64558,88],{"class":87},[42,64560,10842],{"class":56},[42,64562,61],{"class":60},[42,64564,8016],{"class":64},[42,64566,61],{"class":60},[42,64568,1935],{"class":56},[42,64570,73],{"class":60},[42,64572,8271],{"class":64},[42,64574,61],{"class":60},[42,64576,70],{"class":56},[42,64578,73],{"class":60},[42,64580,20250],{"class":64},[42,64582,61],{"class":60},[42,64584,1935],{"class":56},[42,64586,73],{"class":60},[42,64588,22602],{"class":64},[42,64590,61],{"class":60},[42,64592,9659],{"class":56},[42,64594,64595,64597,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64596,284],{"class":52},[42,64598,57],{"class":56},[42,64600,8443],{"class":834},[42,64602,57],{"class":56},[42,64604,13983],{"class":125},[42,64606,122],{"class":56},[42,64608,8159],{"class":125},[42,64610,6636],{"class":56},[14,64612,2395],{},[33,64614,64616],{"className":35,"code":64615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[17,64617,64618],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64619,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64621,22098],{"class":56},[42,64623,868],{"class":60},[42,64625,8016],{"class":64},[42,64627,868],{"class":60},[42,64629,70],{"class":56},[42,64631,862],{"class":60},[42,64633,8271],{"class":64},[42,64635,868],{"class":60},[42,64637,9583],{"class":56},[42,64639,9586],{"class":56},[42,64641,868],{"class":60},[42,64643,20250],{"class":64},[42,64645,868],{"class":60},[42,64647,70],{"class":56},[42,64649,862],{"class":60},[42,64651,22602],{"class":64},[42,64653,868],{"class":60},[42,64655,9599],{"class":56},[14,64657,64658],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[28,64660,64662],{"id":64661},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,64664,146,64665,10953],{},[17,64666,25138],{},[167,64668,64669,64677,64686],{},[170,64670,64671,64672,1327,64674],{},"you need list methods like ",[17,64673,53016],{},[17,64675,64676],{},"sort()",[170,64678,64679,64680,1327,64682,64685],{},"you want to convert ",[17,64681,36558],{},[17,64683,64684],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[170,64687,64688],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,64690,46403,64691,1935],{},[17,64692,64684],{},[33,64694,64696],{"className":35,"code":64695,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[17,64697,64698,64722,64738,64742,64765],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64699,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64701,5337],{"class":114},[42,64703,88],{"class":87},[42,64705,3957],{"class":56},[42,64707,61],{"class":60},[42,64709,13237],{"class":64},[42,64711,61],{"class":60},[42,64713,70],{"class":56},[42,64715,73],{"class":60},[42,64717,36300],{"class":64},[42,64719,61],{"class":60},[42,64721,3970],{"class":56},[42,64723,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734,64736],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64725,5406],{"class":114},[42,64727,88],{"class":87},[42,64729,3957],{"class":56},[42,64731,13859],{"class":2348},[42,64733,70],{"class":56},[42,64735,13864],{"class":2348},[42,64737,3970],{"class":56},[42,64739,64740],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,64741,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,64743,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,64745,9565],{"class":114},[42,64747,88],{"class":87},[42,64749,22917],{"class":834},[42,64751,57],{"class":56},[42,64753,64754],{"class":52},"zip",[42,64756,57],{"class":56},[42,64758,5381],{"class":125},[42,64760,70],{"class":56},[42,64762,5453],{"class":125},[42,64764,842],{"class":56},[42,64766,64767,64769,64771,64773],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,64768,284],{"class":52},[42,64770,57],{"class":56},[42,64772,9612],{"class":125},[42,64774,143],{"class":56},[14,64776,2395],{},[33,64778,64780],{"className":35,"code":64779,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[17,64781,64782],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64783,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64785,22098],{"class":56},[42,64787,868],{"class":60},[42,64789,13237],{"class":64},[42,64791,868],{"class":60},[42,64793,70],{"class":56},[42,64795,20257],{"class":2348},[42,64797,9583],{"class":56},[42,64799,9586],{"class":56},[42,64801,868],{"class":60},[42,64803,36300],{"class":64},[42,64805,868],{"class":60},[42,64807,70],{"class":56},[42,64809,13864],{"class":2348},[42,64811,9599],{"class":56},[14,64813,64814,64815,64817,64818,122],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[17,64816,53016],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[693,64819,53413],{"href":53412},[28,64821,4859],{"id":4858},[14,64823,57140,64824,122],{},[17,64825,25138],{},[1073,64827,64829],{"id":64828},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64831,4866],{},[33,64833,64835],{"className":35,"code":64834,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[17,64836,64837,64841],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64838,64839],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64840,4876],{"class":525},[42,64842,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,64844,8443],{"class":834},[42,64846,57],{"class":56},[42,64848,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64850,70],{"class":56},[42,64852,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64854,70],{"class":56},[42,64856,2781],{"class":2348},[42,64858,143],{"class":56},[14,64860,64861,64863],{},[17,64862,25138],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64865,19053],{},[33,64867,64869],{"className":35,"code":64868,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[17,64870,64871],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64872,64873,64875,64877,64879,64881,64883,64885,64887,64889,64891],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64874,284],{"class":52},[42,64876,57],{"class":56},[42,64878,8443],{"class":834},[42,64880,5855],{"class":56},[42,64882,3320],{"class":2348},[42,64884,70],{"class":56},[42,64886,3325],{"class":2348},[42,64888,70],{"class":56},[42,64890,2781],{"class":2348},[42,64892,3243],{"class":56},[1073,64894,64896,64897],{"id":64895},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[42,64898,64899],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64901,64902],{},"This is a common surprise:",[33,64904,64906],{"className":35,"code":64905,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[17,64907,64908],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64911,284],{"class":52},[42,64913,57],{"class":56},[42,64915,8443],{"class":834},[42,64917,57],{"class":56},[42,64919,61],{"class":60},[42,64921,4183],{"class":64},[42,64923,61],{"class":60},[42,64925,842],{"class":56},[14,64927,2395],{},[33,64929,64931],{"className":35,"code":64930,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[17,64932,64933],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64934,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64936,4238],{"class":56},[42,64938,868],{"class":60},[42,64940,60804],{"class":64},[42,64942,868],{"class":60},[42,64944,70],{"class":56},[42,64946,862],{"class":60},[42,64948,60813],{"class":64},[42,64950,868],{"class":60},[42,64952,70],{"class":56},[42,64954,862],{"class":60},[42,64956,60822],{"class":64},[42,64958,868],{"class":60},[42,64960,70],{"class":56},[42,64962,862],{"class":60},[42,64964,60822],{"class":64},[42,64966,868],{"class":60},[42,64968,70],{"class":56},[42,64970,862],{"class":60},[42,64972,60839],{"class":64},[42,64974,868],{"class":60},[42,64976,3970],{"class":56},[14,64978,64979],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64981,64982],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[33,64984,64986],{"className":35,"code":64985,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[17,64987,64988],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,64989,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,64991,284],{"class":52},[42,64993,3317],{"class":56},[42,64995,61],{"class":60},[42,64997,4183],{"class":64},[42,64999,61],{"class":60},[42,65001,4226],{"class":56},[1073,65003,65005],{"id":65004},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,65007,65008],{},"This:",[33,65010,65012],{"className":35,"code":65011,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[17,65013,65014,65046],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65015,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65017,9516],{"class":114},[42,65019,88],{"class":87},[42,65021,10842],{"class":56},[42,65023,61],{"class":60},[42,65025,693],{"class":64},[42,65027,61],{"class":60},[42,65029,1935],{"class":56},[42,65031,5842],{"class":2348},[42,65033,70],{"class":56},[42,65035,73],{"class":60},[42,65037,5102],{"class":64},[42,65039,61],{"class":60},[42,65041,1935],{"class":56},[42,65043,3325],{"class":2348},[42,65045,9659],{"class":56},[42,65047,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,65049,284],{"class":52},[42,65051,57],{"class":56},[42,65053,8443],{"class":834},[42,65055,57],{"class":56},[42,65057,9554],{"class":125},[42,65059,842],{"class":56},[14,65061,65062],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,65064,146,65065,65068],{},[17,65066,65067],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1073,65070,65072],{"id":65071},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,65074,65075,65077],{},[17,65076,25138],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,65079,65080],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[28,65082,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,65084,2171,65086,65088],{"id":65085},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[42,65087],{}," and list()?",[14,65090,65091,65092,65094,65095,65097],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[17,65093,4124],{}," is shorter. ",[17,65096,25138],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1073,65099,65101],{"id":65100},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,65103,65104,65105,65107],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[17,65106,25138],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1073,65109,65111],{"id":65110},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,65113,65114],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1073,65116,65118],{"id":65117},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,65120,65121],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1073,65123,65125],{"id":65124},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,65127,65128,65129,65131],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[17,65130,25138],{}," cannot loop through it.",[28,65133,2205],{"id":2204},[167,65135,65136,65140,65145,65149,65153,65157,65161,65166],{},[170,65137,65138],{},[693,65139,53135],{"href":51342},[170,65141,65142],{},[693,65143,65144],{"href":36555},"Python range() function explained",[170,65146,65147],{},[693,65148,63582],{"href":63581},[170,65150,65151],{},[693,65152,63914],{"href":63913},[170,65154,65155],{},[693,65156,5559],{"href":5931},[170,65158,65159],{},[693,65160,14148],{"href":14147},[170,65162,65163],{},[693,65164,65165],{"href":52963},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[170,65167,65168],{},[693,65169,54642],{"href":53412},[2245,65171,65172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":65174},[65175,65176,65177,65178,65179,65186,65187,65188,65193,65194,65201,65209],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":63284,"depth":111,"text":63285},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":59985,"depth":111,"text":59986},{"id":63512,"depth":111,"text":63513,"children":65180},[65181,65182,65183,65184,65185],{"id":63516,"depth":132,"text":63517},{"id":63585,"depth":132,"text":63586},{"id":63663,"depth":132,"text":63664},{"id":63738,"depth":132,"text":63739},{"id":63805,"depth":132,"text":63806},{"id":63917,"depth":111,"text":63918},{"id":64053,"depth":111,"text":64054},{"id":64353,"depth":111,"text":64354,"children":65189},[65190,65191,65192],{"id":64362,"depth":132,"text":64363},{"id":64452,"depth":132,"text":64453},{"id":64546,"depth":132,"text":64547},{"id":64661,"depth":111,"text":64662},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":65195},[65196,65197,65199,65200],{"id":64828,"depth":132,"text":64829},{"id":64895,"depth":132,"text":65198},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":65004,"depth":132,"text":65005},{"id":65071,"depth":132,"text":65072},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":65202},[65203,65205,65206,65207,65208],{"id":65085,"depth":132,"text":65204},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":65100,"depth":132,"text":65101},{"id":65110,"depth":132,"text":65111},{"id":65117,"depth":132,"text":65118},{"id":65124,"depth":132,"text":65125},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":63118,"description":65210},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65217,"title":65218,"body":65219,"description":66569,"extension":2285,"meta":66570,"navigation":2287,"path":66571,"seo":66572,"stem":66573,"__hash__":66574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65220,"toc":66543},[65221,65226,65232,65241,65243,65316,65325,65330,65334,65350,65354,65356,65358,65377,65380,65408,65410,65435,65443,65445,65450,65457,65459,65516,65518,65526,65532,65536,65539,65612,65614,65622,65625,65648,65655,65661,65665,65671,65742,65744,65752,65761,65768,65775,65783,65927,65929,65946,65949,65988,65991,65995,66000,66002,66061,66067,66070,66177,66179,66194,66197,66204,66206,66210,66358,66361,66422,66425,66428,66449,66454,66458,66469,66472,66474,66479,66482,66490,66495,66501,66504,66510,66518,66520,66540],[10,65222,54706,65224,11676],{"id":65223},"python-list-index-method",[17,65225,59333],{},[14,65227,65228,65231],{},[17,65229,65230],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,65233,65234,65235,65238,65239,122],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[177,65236,65237],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[17,65240,41067],{},[28,65242,3942],{"id":3941},[33,65244,65246],{"className":35,"code":65245,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[17,65247,65248,65280,65303],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65249,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65251,8128],{"class":114},[42,65253,88],{"class":87},[42,65255,3957],{"class":56},[42,65257,61],{"class":60},[42,65259,4418],{"class":64},[42,65261,61],{"class":60},[42,65263,70],{"class":56},[42,65265,73],{"class":60},[42,65267,4427],{"class":64},[42,65269,61],{"class":60},[42,65271,70],{"class":56},[42,65273,73],{"class":60},[42,65275,4436],{"class":64},[42,65277,61],{"class":60},[42,65279,3970],{"class":56},[42,65281,65282,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,65283,65284],{"class":114},"position ",[42,65286,88],{"class":87},[42,65288,6311],{"class":114},[42,65290,122],{"class":56},[42,65292,36205],{"class":125},[42,65294,57],{"class":56},[42,65296,61],{"class":60},[42,65298,4427],{"class":64},[42,65300,61],{"class":60},[42,65302,143],{"class":56},[42,65304,65305,65307,65309,65312,65314],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,65306,284],{"class":52},[42,65308,57],{"class":56},[42,65310,65311],{"class":125},"position",[42,65313,98],{"class":56},[42,65315,28138],{"class":525},[14,65317,146,65318,65321,65322,65324],{},[17,65319,65320],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[17,65323,41067],{}," if the item is not found.",[28,65326,4013,65328,4016],{"id":65327},"what-listindex-does",[17,65329,65230],{},[14,65331,65332,1935],{},[17,65333,65230],{},[167,65335,65336,65339,65342,65347],{},[170,65337,65338],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[170,65340,65341],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[170,65343,65344,65345],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[17,65346,2445],{},[170,65348,65349],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,65351,54931,65352,122],{},[693,65353,53135],{"href":54934},[28,65355,312],{"id":311},[14,65357,31084],{},[33,65359,65361],{"className":35,"code":65360,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.index(value)\n",[17,65362,65363],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65364,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65366,8689],{"class":114},[42,65368,122],{"class":56},[42,65370,36205],{"class":125},[42,65372,57],{"class":56},[42,65374,2803],{"class":125},[42,65376,143],{"class":56},[14,65378,65379],{},"You can also limit the search:",[33,65381,65383],{"className":35,"code":65382,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,65384,65385],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65386,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65406],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65388,8689],{"class":114},[42,65390,122],{"class":56},[42,65392,36205],{"class":125},[42,65394,57],{"class":56},[42,65396,2803],{"class":125},[42,65398,70],{"class":56},[42,65400,36411],{"class":125},[42,65402,70],{"class":56},[42,65404,65405],{"class":125}," end",[42,65407,143],{"class":56},[14,65409,351],{},[167,65411,65412,65417,65422,65427],{},[170,65413,65414,65416],{},[17,65415,2803],{},": the item to search for",[170,65418,65419,65421],{},[17,65420,36432],{},": where the search begins",[170,65423,65424,65426],{},[17,65425,53024],{},": where the search stops",[170,65428,65429,5125,65431,65434],{},[17,65430,53024],{},[177,65432,65433],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,65436,65437,65438,65440,65441,122],{},"This means Python searches from ",[17,65439,36432],{}," up to, but not including, ",[17,65442,53024],{},[28,65444,38382],{"id":38381},[14,65446,65447,65449],{},[17,65448,65230],{}," returns an integer.",[14,65451,65452,65453,65456],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[177,65454,65455],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,65458,219],{},[33,65460,65462],{"className":35,"code":65461,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,65463,65464,65484,65502,65506],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65465,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474,65476,65478,65480,65482],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65467,3952],{"class":114},[42,65469,88],{"class":87},[42,65471,3957],{"class":56},[42,65473,2659],{"class":2348},[42,65475,70],{"class":56},[42,65477,8139],{"class":2348},[42,65479,70],{"class":56},[42,65481,8144],{"class":2348},[42,65483,3970],{"class":56},[42,65485,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,65487,2555],{"class":114},[42,65489,88],{"class":87},[42,65491,4603],{"class":114},[42,65493,122],{"class":56},[42,65495,36205],{"class":125},[42,65497,57],{"class":56},[42,65499,16112],{"class":2348},[42,65501,143],{"class":56},[42,65503,65504],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,65505,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,65507,65508,65510,65512,65514],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,65509,284],{"class":52},[42,65511,57],{"class":56},[42,65513,2592],{"class":125},[42,65515,143],{"class":56},[14,65517,2395],{},[33,65519,65520],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,65521,65522],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65523,65524],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65525,47280],{"class":2348},[14,65527,65528,65529,65531],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[17,65530,59333],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[28,65533,65535],{"id":65534},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,65537,65538],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[33,65540,65542],{"className":35,"code":65541,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[17,65543,65544,65576,65598,65602],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65545,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65547,36599],{"class":114},[42,65549,88],{"class":87},[42,65551,3957],{"class":56},[42,65553,61],{"class":60},[42,65555,4418],{"class":64},[42,65557,61],{"class":60},[42,65559,70],{"class":56},[42,65561,73],{"class":60},[42,65563,4427],{"class":64},[42,65565,61],{"class":60},[42,65567,70],{"class":56},[42,65569,73],{"class":60},[42,65571,4436],{"class":64},[42,65573,61],{"class":60},[42,65575,3970],{"class":56},[42,65577,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,65579,65284],{"class":114},[42,65581,88],{"class":87},[42,65583,53215],{"class":114},[42,65585,122],{"class":56},[42,65587,36205],{"class":125},[42,65589,57],{"class":56},[42,65591,61],{"class":60},[42,65593,4436],{"class":64},[42,65595,61],{"class":60},[42,65597,143],{"class":56},[42,65599,65600],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,65601,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,65603,65604,65606,65608,65610],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,65605,284],{"class":52},[42,65607,57],{"class":56},[42,65609,65311],{"class":125},[42,65611,143],{"class":56},[14,65613,2395],{},[33,65615,65616],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,65617,65618],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65619,65620],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65621,17415],{"class":2348},[14,65623,65624],{},"In this list:",[167,65626,65627,65634,65641],{},[170,65628,65629,65631,65632],{},[17,65630,58198],{}," is at index ",[17,65633,2445],{},[170,65635,65636,65631,65639],{},[17,65637,65638],{},"\"banana\"",[17,65640,3320],{},[170,65642,65643,65631,65646],{},[17,65644,65645],{},"\"cherry\"",[17,65647,2381],{},[14,65649,54017,65650,2726,65653,122],{},[17,65651,65652],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[17,65654,2381],{},[14,65656,51906,65657,122],{},[693,65658,65660],{"href":65659},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[28,65662,65664],{"id":65663},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,65666,65667,65668,65670],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[17,65669,59333],{}," returns the first match only.",[33,65672,65674],{"className":35,"code":65673,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[17,65675,65676,65716,65720],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65677,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65679,13433],{"class":114},[42,65681,88],{"class":87},[42,65683,3957],{"class":56},[42,65685,61],{"class":60},[42,65687,13450],{"class":64},[42,65689,61],{"class":60},[42,65691,70],{"class":56},[42,65693,73],{"class":60},[42,65695,13467],{"class":64},[42,65697,61],{"class":60},[42,65699,70],{"class":56},[42,65701,73],{"class":60},[42,65703,13450],{"class":64},[42,65705,61],{"class":60},[42,65707,70],{"class":56},[42,65709,73],{"class":60},[42,65711,17814],{"class":64},[42,65713,61],{"class":60},[42,65715,3970],{"class":56},[42,65717,65718],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,65719,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,65721,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,65723,284],{"class":52},[42,65725,57],{"class":56},[42,65727,17861],{"class":125},[42,65729,122],{"class":56},[42,65731,36205],{"class":125},[42,65733,57],{"class":56},[42,65735,61],{"class":60},[42,65737,13450],{"class":64},[42,65739,61],{"class":60},[42,65741,842],{"class":56},[14,65743,2395],{},[33,65745,65746],{"className":35,"code":47615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,65747,65748],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65749,65750],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65751,47615],{"class":2348},[14,65753,21335,65754,65757,65758,65760],{},[17,65755,65756],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[17,65759,2445],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,65762,65763,65764,122],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[693,65765,55884,65766,11093],{"href":59392},[17,65767,57655],{},[28,65769,1940,65771,1753,65773],{"id":65770},"using-start-and-end",[17,65772,36432],{},[17,65774,53024],{},[14,65776,65777,65778,1753,65780,65782],{},"The optional ",[17,65779,36432],{},[17,65781,53024],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[33,65784,65786],{"className":35,"code":65785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[17,65787,65788,65836,65840,65865,65894],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65789,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65791,36450],{"class":114},[42,65793,88],{"class":87},[42,65795,3957],{"class":56},[42,65797,61],{"class":60},[42,65799,693],{"class":64},[42,65801,61],{"class":60},[42,65803,70],{"class":56},[42,65805,73],{"class":60},[42,65807,5102],{"class":64},[42,65809,61],{"class":60},[42,65811,70],{"class":56},[42,65813,73],{"class":60},[42,65815,10090],{"class":64},[42,65817,61],{"class":60},[42,65819,70],{"class":56},[42,65821,73],{"class":60},[42,65823,5102],{"class":64},[42,65825,61],{"class":60},[42,65827,70],{"class":56},[42,65829,73],{"class":60},[42,65831,19126],{"class":64},[42,65833,61],{"class":60},[42,65835,3970],{"class":56},[42,65837,65838],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,65839,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,65841,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858,65860,65862],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,65843,284],{"class":52},[42,65845,57],{"class":56},[42,65847,36503],{"class":125},[42,65849,122],{"class":56},[42,65851,36205],{"class":125},[42,65853,57],{"class":56},[42,65855,61],{"class":60},[42,65857,5102],{"class":64},[42,65859,61],{"class":60},[42,65861,5705],{"class":56},[42,65863,65864],{"class":525},"        # first match\n",[42,65866,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,65868,284],{"class":52},[42,65870,57],{"class":56},[42,65872,36503],{"class":125},[42,65874,122],{"class":56},[42,65876,36205],{"class":125},[42,65878,57],{"class":56},[42,65880,61],{"class":60},[42,65882,5102],{"class":64},[42,65884,61],{"class":60},[42,65886,70],{"class":56},[42,65888,3325],{"class":2348},[42,65890,5705],{"class":56},[42,65892,65893],{"class":525},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[42,65895,65896,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,65897,284],{"class":52},[42,65899,57],{"class":56},[42,65901,36503],{"class":125},[42,65903,122],{"class":56},[42,65905,36205],{"class":125},[42,65907,57],{"class":56},[42,65909,61],{"class":60},[42,65911,5102],{"class":64},[42,65913,61],{"class":60},[42,65915,70],{"class":56},[42,65917,5842],{"class":2348},[42,65919,70],{"class":56},[42,65921,2787],{"class":2348},[42,65923,5705],{"class":56},[42,65925,65926],{"class":525},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65928,2395],{},[33,65930,65932],{"className":35,"code":65931,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1\n3\n1\n",[17,65933,65934,65938,65942],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,65935,65936],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,65937,47280],{"class":2348},[42,65939,65940],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,65941,46980],{"class":2348},[42,65943,65944],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,65945,47280],{"class":2348},[14,65947,65948],{},"How this works:",[167,65950,65951,65963,65976],{},[170,65952,65953,65956,65957,65960,65961],{},[17,65954,65955],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[17,65958,65959],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[17,65962,3320],{},[170,65964,65965,65968,65969,65971,65972,65960,65974],{},[17,65966,65967],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[17,65970,2381],{},", so it finds the next ",[17,65973,65959],{},[17,65975,2387],{},[170,65977,65978,65981,65982,2514,65984,17431,65986],{},[17,65979,65980],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[17,65983,3320],{},[17,65985,2381],{},[17,65987,2387],{},[14,65989,65990],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[28,65992,65994],{"id":65993},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65996,65997,65998,122],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[17,65999,41067],{},[14,66001,219],{},[33,66003,66005],{"className":35,"code":66004,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[17,66006,66007,66039],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66008,66009,66011,66013,66015,66017,66019,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66010,8128],{"class":114},[42,66012,88],{"class":87},[42,66014,3957],{"class":56},[42,66016,61],{"class":60},[42,66018,4418],{"class":64},[42,66020,61],{"class":60},[42,66022,70],{"class":56},[42,66024,73],{"class":60},[42,66026,4427],{"class":64},[42,66028,61],{"class":60},[42,66030,70],{"class":56},[42,66032,73],{"class":60},[42,66034,4436],{"class":64},[42,66036,61],{"class":60},[42,66038,3970],{"class":56},[42,66040,66041,66043,66045,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66042,284],{"class":52},[42,66044,57],{"class":56},[42,66046,8159],{"class":125},[42,66048,122],{"class":56},[42,66050,36205],{"class":125},[42,66052,57],{"class":56},[42,66054,61],{"class":60},[42,66056,33581],{"class":64},[42,66058,61],{"class":60},[42,66060,842],{"class":56},[14,66062,40016,66063,66066],{},[17,66064,66065],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,66068,66069],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[33,66071,66073],{"className":35,"code":66072,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[17,66074,66075,66107,66120,66124,66137,66156,66162],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66076,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66078,8128],{"class":114},[42,66080,88],{"class":87},[42,66082,3957],{"class":56},[42,66084,61],{"class":60},[42,66086,4418],{"class":64},[42,66088,61],{"class":60},[42,66090,70],{"class":56},[42,66092,73],{"class":60},[42,66094,4427],{"class":64},[42,66096,61],{"class":60},[42,66098,70],{"class":56},[42,66100,73],{"class":60},[42,66102,4436],{"class":64},[42,66104,61],{"class":60},[42,66106,3970],{"class":56},[42,66108,66109,66112,66114,66116,66118],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66110,66111],{"class":114},"search_value ",[42,66113,88],{"class":87},[42,66115,73],{"class":60},[42,66117,33581],{"class":64},[42,66119,3689],{"class":60},[42,66121,66122],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,66123,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,66125,66126,66128,66131,66133,66135],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,66127,7345],{"class":48},[42,66129,66130],{"class":114}," search_value ",[42,66132,1299],{"class":87},[42,66134,6311],{"class":114},[42,66136,108],{"class":56},[42,66138,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66154],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,66140,135],{"class":52},[42,66142,57],{"class":56},[42,66144,8159],{"class":125},[42,66146,122],{"class":56},[42,66148,36205],{"class":125},[42,66150,57],{"class":56},[42,66152,66153],{"class":125},"search_value",[42,66155,842],{"class":56},[42,66157,66158,66160],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,66159,27792],{"class":48},[42,66161,108],{"class":56},[42,66163,66164,66166,66168,66170,66173,66175],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,66165,135],{"class":52},[42,66167,57],{"class":56},[42,66169,61],{"class":60},[42,66171,66172],{"class":64},"Item not found",[42,66174,61],{"class":60},[42,66176,143],{"class":56},[14,66178,2395],{},[33,66180,66182],{"className":35,"code":66181,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Item not found\n",[17,66183,66184],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66185,66186,66189,66191],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66187,66188],{"class":114},"Item ",[42,66190,179],{"class":87},[42,66192,66193],{"class":114}," found\n",[14,66195,66196],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,66198,66199,66200,122],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[693,66201,66203],{"href":66202},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[28,66205,4859],{"id":4858},[14,66207,21569,66208,1935],{},[17,66209,65230],{},[167,66211,66212,66230,66242,66302],{},[170,66213,26132,66214,2726,66216,66219,66220,66222,66223,5504,66225,66227,66228,122],{},[17,66215,59333],{},[17,66217,66218],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10197,66221],{},"\nPython does ",[177,66224,179],{},[17,66226,66218],{},". It raises ",[17,66229,41067],{},[170,66231,66232,66233,66235,66238,66239,66241],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10197,66234],{},[17,66236,66237],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[17,66240,65638],{},", not the value itself.",[170,66243,1940,66244,11445,66247,66249,66251,66252,17014,66254,66277,17002,66279],{},[17,66245,66246],{},"index[]",[17,66248,59333],{},[10197,66250],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10197,66253],{},[33,66255,66257],{"className":35,"code":66256,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[17,66258,66259],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66260,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66262,8159],{"class":114},[42,66264,122],{"class":56},[42,66266,36205],{"class":125},[42,66268,57],{"class":56},[42,66270,61],{"class":60},[42,66272,4427],{"class":64},[42,66274,61],{"class":60},[42,66276,143],{"class":56},[10197,66278],{},[33,66280,66282],{"className":35,"code":66281,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[17,66283,66284],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66285,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298,66300],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66287,8159],{"class":114},[42,66289,122],{"class":56},[42,66291,36205],{"class":2022},[42,66293,4238],{"class":56},[42,66295,61],{"class":60},[42,66297,4427],{"class":64},[42,66299,61],{"class":60},[42,66301,3970],{"class":56},[170,66303,66304,66305,66307,1753,66310,66312,66313],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10197,66306],{},[17,66308,66309],{},"\"3\"",[17,66311,2387],{}," are different values in Python.",[33,66314,66316],{"className":35,"code":66315,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[17,66317,66318,66338],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66319,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66321,3952],{"class":114},[42,66323,88],{"class":87},[42,66325,3957],{"class":56},[42,66327,3320],{"class":2348},[42,66329,70],{"class":56},[42,66331,3325],{"class":2348},[42,66333,70],{"class":56},[42,66335,2781],{"class":2348},[42,66337,3970],{"class":56},[42,66339,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66341,284],{"class":52},[42,66343,57],{"class":56},[42,66345,61],{"class":60},[42,66347,2387],{"class":64},[42,66349,61],{"class":60},[42,66351,21531],{"class":48},[42,66353,4603],{"class":125},[42,66355,98],{"class":56},[42,66357,5113],{"class":525},[14,66359,66360],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[33,66362,66364],{"className":35,"code":66363,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[17,66365,66366,66376,66390,66404],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66367,66368,66370,66372,66374],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66369,284],{"class":52},[42,66371,57],{"class":56},[42,66373,8689],{"class":125},[42,66375,143],{"class":56},[42,66377,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66379,284],{"class":52},[42,66381,57],{"class":56},[42,66383,835],{"class":834},[42,66385,57],{"class":56},[42,66387,66153],{"class":125},[42,66389,842],{"class":56},[42,66391,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,66393,284],{"class":52},[42,66395,57],{"class":56},[42,66397,66111],{"class":125},[42,66399,1299],{"class":48},[42,66401,8746],{"class":125},[42,66403,143],{"class":56},[42,66405,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,66407,284],{"class":52},[42,66409,57],{"class":56},[42,66411,8689],{"class":125},[42,66413,122],{"class":56},[42,66415,36205],{"class":125},[42,66417,57],{"class":56},[42,66419,66153],{"class":125},[42,66421,842],{"class":56},[14,66423,66424],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,66426,66427],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[167,66429,66430,66433,66440,66446],{},[170,66431,66432],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[170,66434,66435,66436,11445,66438],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[17,66437,66309],{},[17,66439,2387],{},[170,66441,66442,66443,66445],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[17,66444,59333],{}," returns only the first one",[170,66447,66448],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[28,66450,5303,66452],{"id":66451},"when-to-use-index",[17,66453,59333],{},[14,66455,146,66456,10953],{},[17,66457,59333],{},[167,66459,66460,66463,66466],{},[170,66461,66462],{},"You need the position of a known value",[170,66464,66465],{},"You are working with a small list",[170,66467,66468],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,66470,66471],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[28,66473,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,66475,5485,66477,5488],{"id":66476},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[17,66478,65230],{},[14,66480,66481],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1073,66483,13060,66485,5504,66487,66489],{"id":66484},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[17,66486,65230],{},[17,66488,66218],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,66491,66492,66493,6978],{},"No. It raises ",[17,66494,41067],{},[1073,66496,5513,66498,66500],{"id":66497},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[17,66499,65230],{}," find all matching items?",[14,66502,66503],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1073,66505,66507,66508,2823],{"id":66506},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[17,66509,59333],{},[14,66511,66512,66513,1753,66515,66517],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[17,66514,36432],{},[17,66516,53024],{}," arguments.",[28,66519,2205],{"id":2204},[167,66521,66522,66526,66530,66534],{},[170,66523,66524],{},[693,66525,59321],{"href":65659},[170,66527,66528],{},[693,66529,53135],{"href":54934},[170,66531,66532],{},[693,66533,66203],{"href":66202},[170,66535,66536],{},[693,66537,55884,66538,11093],{"href":59392},[17,66539,57655],{},[2245,66541,66542],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":66544},[66545,66546,66548,66549,66550,66551,66552,66554,66555,66556,66558,66568],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":65327,"depth":111,"text":66547},"What list.index() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":38381,"depth":111,"text":38382},{"id":65534,"depth":111,"text":65535},{"id":65663,"depth":111,"text":65664},{"id":65770,"depth":111,"text":66553},"Using start and end",{"id":65993,"depth":111,"text":65994},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859},{"id":66451,"depth":111,"text":66557},"When to use index()",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":66559},[66560,66562,66564,66566],{"id":66476,"depth":132,"text":66561},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66484,"depth":132,"text":66563},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66497,"depth":132,"text":66565},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66506,"depth":132,"text":66567},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65218,"description":66569},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66576,"title":66577,"body":66578,"description":68520,"extension":2285,"meta":68521,"navigation":2287,"path":68522,"seo":68523,"stem":68524,"__hash__":68525},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66579,"toc":68480},[66580,66585,66590,66593,66602,66659,66665,66670,66674,66688,66694,66696,66719,66736,66738,66799,66801,66833,66846,66848,66851,66951,66953,67031,67037,67041,67049,67053,67059,67114,67116,67140,67144,67147,67200,67202,67226,67230,67233,67286,67288,67312,67316,67322,67393,67395,67436,67442,67449,67452,67457,67465,67470,67478,67480,67577,67579,67648,67655,67660,67662,67666,67671,67673,67744,67746,67775,67781,67783,67810,67813,67836,67840,67843,67865,67868,67891,67893,67953,67955,67987,67993,67998,68051,68053,68078,68081,68130,68132,68153,68157,68162,68165,68220,68222,68249,68256,68260,68265,68336,68339,68353,68358,68363,68365,68379,68391,68396,68398,68403,68408,68412,68415,68421,68427,68434,68442,68444,68477],[10,66581,54706,66583,11676],{"id":66582},"python-list-insert-method",[17,66584,54632],{},[14,66586,66587,66589],{},[17,66588,54275],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,66591,66592],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,66594,146,66595,66597,66598,122],{},[17,66596,54632],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[693,66599,55884,66600,11093],{"href":57133},[17,66601,53016],{},[33,66603,66605],{"className":35,"code":66604,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,66606,66607,66627,66645,66655],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66608,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66610,3952],{"class":114},[42,66612,88],{"class":87},[42,66614,3957],{"class":56},[42,66616,3320],{"class":2348},[42,66618,70],{"class":56},[42,66620,3325],{"class":2348},[42,66622,70],{"class":56},[42,66624,2787],{"class":2348},[42,66626,3970],{"class":56},[42,66628,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66630,3984],{"class":114},[42,66632,122],{"class":56},[42,66634,54315],{"class":125},[42,66636,57],{"class":56},[42,66638,2381],{"class":2348},[42,66640,70],{"class":56},[42,66642,2781],{"class":2348},[42,66644,143],{"class":56},[42,66646,66647,66649,66651,66653],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,66648,284],{"class":52},[42,66650,57],{"class":56},[42,66652,3984],{"class":125},[42,66654,143],{"class":56},[42,66656,66657],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,66658,53087],{"class":525},[14,66660,146,66661,66664],{},[17,66662,66663],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[28,66666,4013,66668,4016],{"id":66667},"what-listinsert-does",[17,66669,54275],{},[14,66671,66672,1935],{},[17,66673,54275],{},[167,66675,66676,66679,66682,66684],{},[170,66677,66678],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[170,66680,66681],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[170,66683,54792],{},[170,66685,11778,66686],{},[17,66687,4115],{},[14,66689,66690,66691,66693],{},"That last point is important. ",[17,66692,54632],{}," does not create a new list.",[28,66695,5775],{"id":5774},[33,66697,66699],{"className":35,"code":66698,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[17,66700,66701],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66702,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713,66715,66717],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66704,8689],{"class":114},[42,66706,122],{"class":56},[42,66708,54315],{"class":125},[42,66710,57],{"class":56},[42,66712,36205],{"class":125},[42,66714,70],{"class":56},[42,66716,29866],{"class":125},[42,66718,143],{"class":56},[167,66720,66721,66726,66731],{},[170,66722,66723,66725],{},[17,66724,36205],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[170,66727,66728,66730],{},[17,66729,23668],{}," is the value to add",[170,66732,66733,66734],{},"The first list position is index ",[17,66735,2445],{},[14,66737,219],{},[33,66739,66741],{"className":35,"code":66740,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,66742,66743,66767,66789],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66744,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759,66761,66763,66765],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66746,36450],{"class":114},[42,66748,88],{"class":87},[42,66750,3957],{"class":56},[42,66752,61],{"class":60},[42,66754,693],{"class":64},[42,66756,61],{"class":60},[42,66758,70],{"class":56},[42,66760,73],{"class":60},[42,66762,10090],{"class":64},[42,66764,61],{"class":60},[42,66766,3970],{"class":56},[42,66768,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66770,36503],{"class":114},[42,66772,122],{"class":56},[42,66774,54315],{"class":125},[42,66776,57],{"class":56},[42,66778,3320],{"class":2348},[42,66780,70],{"class":56},[42,66782,73],{"class":60},[42,66784,5102],{"class":64},[42,66786,61],{"class":60},[42,66788,143],{"class":56},[42,66790,66791,66793,66795,66797],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,66792,284],{"class":52},[42,66794,57],{"class":56},[42,66796,36503],{"class":125},[42,66798,143],{"class":56},[14,66800,2395],{},[33,66802,66803],{"className":35,"code":43237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,66804,66805],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66806,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66808,4238],{"class":56},[42,66810,868],{"class":60},[42,66812,693],{"class":64},[42,66814,868],{"class":60},[42,66816,70],{"class":56},[42,66818,862],{"class":60},[42,66820,5102],{"class":64},[42,66822,868],{"class":60},[42,66824,70],{"class":56},[42,66826,862],{"class":60},[42,66828,10090],{"class":64},[42,66830,868],{"class":60},[42,66832,3970],{"class":56},[14,66834,21129,66835,66837,66838,66840,66841,1753,66843,122],{},[17,66836,65959],{}," is inserted at index ",[17,66839,3320],{},", so it appears between ",[17,66842,493],{},[17,66844,66845],{},"\"c\"",[28,66847,6132],{"id":6131},[14,66849,66850],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[33,66852,66854],{"className":35,"code":66853,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[17,66855,66856,66888,66906,66910,66932],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66857,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66859,13433],{"class":114},[42,66861,88],{"class":87},[42,66863,3957],{"class":56},[42,66865,61],{"class":60},[42,66867,13450],{"class":64},[42,66869,61],{"class":60},[42,66871,70],{"class":56},[42,66873,73],{"class":60},[42,66875,13467],{"class":64},[42,66877,61],{"class":60},[42,66879,70],{"class":56},[42,66881,73],{"class":60},[42,66883,17814],{"class":64},[42,66885,61],{"class":60},[42,66887,3970],{"class":56},[42,66889,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66891,284],{"class":52},[42,66893,57],{"class":56},[42,66895,61],{"class":60},[42,66897,11918],{"class":64},[42,66899,61],{"class":60},[42,66901,70],{"class":56},[42,66903,13481],{"class":125},[42,66905,143],{"class":56},[42,66907,66908],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,66909,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,66911,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,66913,17861],{"class":114},[42,66915,122],{"class":56},[42,66917,54315],{"class":125},[42,66919,57],{"class":56},[42,66921,3320],{"class":2348},[42,66923,70],{"class":56},[42,66925,73],{"class":60},[42,66927,22881],{"class":64},[42,66929,61],{"class":60},[42,66931,143],{"class":56},[42,66933,66934,66936,66938,66940,66943,66945,66947,66949],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,66935,284],{"class":52},[42,66937,57],{"class":56},[42,66939,61],{"class":60},[42,66941,66942],{"class":64},"After: ",[42,66944,61],{"class":60},[42,66946,70],{"class":56},[42,66948,13481],{"class":125},[42,66950,143],{"class":56},[14,66952,2395],{},[33,66954,66956],{"className":35,"code":66955,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,66957,66958,66990],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,66959,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,66961,11978],{"class":114},[42,66963,1935],{"class":56},[42,66965,3957],{"class":56},[42,66967,868],{"class":60},[42,66969,13450],{"class":64},[42,66971,868],{"class":60},[42,66973,70],{"class":56},[42,66975,862],{"class":60},[42,66977,13467],{"class":64},[42,66979,868],{"class":60},[42,66981,70],{"class":56},[42,66983,862],{"class":60},[42,66985,17814],{"class":64},[42,66987,868],{"class":60},[42,66989,3970],{"class":56},[42,66991,66992,66994,66996,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,66993,12031],{"class":114},[42,66995,1935],{"class":56},[42,66997,66998],{"class":56},"  [",[42,67000,868],{"class":60},[42,67002,13450],{"class":64},[42,67004,868],{"class":60},[42,67006,70],{"class":56},[42,67008,862],{"class":60},[42,67010,22881],{"class":64},[42,67012,868],{"class":60},[42,67014,70],{"class":56},[42,67016,862],{"class":60},[42,67018,13467],{"class":64},[42,67020,868],{"class":60},[42,67022,70],{"class":56},[42,67024,862],{"class":60},[42,67026,17814],{"class":64},[42,67028,868],{"class":60},[42,67030,3970],{"class":56},[14,67032,67033,67034,67036],{},"The new value appears at index ",[17,67035,3320],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[28,67038,67040],{"id":67039},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,67042,2303,67043,35688,67045,67048],{},[17,67044,36205],{},[17,67046,67047],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1073,67050,67052],{"id":67051},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,67054,67055,67056,67058],{},"Use index ",[17,67057,2445],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[33,67060,67062],{"className":35,"code":67061,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,67063,67064,67085,67104],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67065,67066,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67067,67068],{"class":114},"nums ",[42,67070,88],{"class":87},[42,67072,3957],{"class":56},[42,67074,2381],{"class":2348},[42,67076,70],{"class":56},[42,67078,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67080,70],{"class":56},[42,67082,2787],{"class":2348},[42,67084,3970],{"class":56},[42,67086,67087,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67088,67089],{"class":114},"nums",[42,67091,122],{"class":56},[42,67093,54315],{"class":125},[42,67095,57],{"class":56},[42,67097,2445],{"class":2348},[42,67099,70],{"class":56},[42,67101,5842],{"class":2348},[42,67103,143],{"class":56},[42,67105,67106,67108,67110,67112],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,67107,284],{"class":52},[42,67109,57],{"class":56},[42,67111,67089],{"class":125},[42,67113,143],{"class":56},[14,67115,2395],{},[33,67117,67118],{"className":35,"code":53869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,67119,67120],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67121,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67123,4238],{"class":56},[42,67125,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67127,70],{"class":56},[42,67129,3325],{"class":2348},[42,67131,70],{"class":56},[42,67133,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67135,70],{"class":56},[42,67137,2787],{"class":2348},[42,67139,3970],{"class":56},[1073,67141,67143],{"id":67142},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,67145,67146],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[33,67148,67150],{"className":35,"code":67149,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,67151,67152,67172,67190],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67153,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67155,67068],{"class":114},[42,67157,88],{"class":87},[42,67159,3957],{"class":56},[42,67161,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67163,70],{"class":56},[42,67165,3325],{"class":2348},[42,67167,70],{"class":56},[42,67169,2787],{"class":2348},[42,67171,3970],{"class":56},[42,67173,67174,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67175,67089],{"class":114},[42,67177,122],{"class":56},[42,67179,54315],{"class":125},[42,67181,57],{"class":56},[42,67183,2381],{"class":2348},[42,67185,70],{"class":56},[42,67187,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67189,143],{"class":56},[42,67191,67192,67194,67196,67198],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,67193,284],{"class":52},[42,67195,57],{"class":56},[42,67197,67089],{"class":125},[42,67199,143],{"class":56},[14,67201,2395],{},[33,67203,67204],{"className":35,"code":53869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,67205,67206],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67207,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67209,4238],{"class":56},[42,67211,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67213,70],{"class":56},[42,67215,3325],{"class":2348},[42,67217,70],{"class":56},[42,67219,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67221,70],{"class":56},[42,67223,2787],{"class":2348},[42,67225,3970],{"class":56},[1073,67227,67229],{"id":67228},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,67231,67232],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[33,67234,67236],{"className":35,"code":67235,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[17,67237,67238,67258,67276],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67239,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67241,67068],{"class":114},[42,67243,88],{"class":87},[42,67245,3957],{"class":56},[42,67247,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67249,70],{"class":56},[42,67251,3325],{"class":2348},[42,67253,70],{"class":56},[42,67255,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67257,3970],{"class":56},[42,67259,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67261,67089],{"class":114},[42,67263,122],{"class":56},[42,67265,54315],{"class":125},[42,67267,57],{"class":56},[42,67269,2659],{"class":2348},[42,67271,70],{"class":56},[42,67273,2787],{"class":2348},[42,67275,143],{"class":56},[42,67277,67278,67280,67282,67284],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,67279,284],{"class":52},[42,67281,57],{"class":56},[42,67283,67089],{"class":125},[42,67285,143],{"class":56},[14,67287,2395],{},[33,67289,67290],{"className":35,"code":53869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,67291,67292],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67293,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302,67304,67306,67308,67310],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67295,4238],{"class":56},[42,67297,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67299,70],{"class":56},[42,67301,3325],{"class":2348},[42,67303,70],{"class":56},[42,67305,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67307,70],{"class":56},[42,67309,2787],{"class":2348},[42,67311,3970],{"class":56},[1073,67313,67315],{"id":67314},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,67317,67318,67319,67321],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[17,67320,54632],{}," places the item before that position.",[33,67323,67325],{"className":35,"code":67324,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,67326,67327,67359,67383],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67328,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67330,36450],{"class":114},[42,67332,88],{"class":87},[42,67334,3957],{"class":56},[42,67336,61],{"class":60},[42,67338,693],{"class":64},[42,67340,61],{"class":60},[42,67342,70],{"class":56},[42,67344,73],{"class":60},[42,67346,5102],{"class":64},[42,67348,61],{"class":60},[42,67350,70],{"class":56},[42,67352,73],{"class":60},[42,67354,19126],{"class":64},[42,67356,61],{"class":60},[42,67358,3970],{"class":56},[42,67360,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67362,36503],{"class":114},[42,67364,122],{"class":56},[42,67366,54315],{"class":125},[42,67368,57],{"class":56},[42,67370,2345],{"class":87},[42,67372,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67374,70],{"class":56},[42,67376,73],{"class":60},[42,67378,10090],{"class":64},[42,67380,61],{"class":60},[42,67382,143],{"class":56},[42,67384,67385,67387,67389,67391],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,67386,284],{"class":52},[42,67388,57],{"class":56},[42,67390,36503],{"class":125},[42,67392,143],{"class":56},[14,67394,2395],{},[33,67396,67398],{"className":35,"code":67397,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,67399,67400],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67401,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67403,4238],{"class":56},[42,67405,868],{"class":60},[42,67407,693],{"class":64},[42,67409,868],{"class":60},[42,67411,70],{"class":56},[42,67413,862],{"class":60},[42,67415,5102],{"class":64},[42,67417,868],{"class":60},[42,67419,70],{"class":56},[42,67421,862],{"class":60},[42,67423,10090],{"class":64},[42,67425,868],{"class":60},[42,67427,70],{"class":56},[42,67429,862],{"class":60},[42,67431,19126],{"class":64},[42,67433,868],{"class":60},[42,67435,3970],{"class":56},[14,67437,67438,67439,2632],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[693,67440,67441],{"href":51342},"Python lists beginner guide",[28,67443,67445,10937,67447],{"id":67444},"insert-vs-append",[17,67446,54632],{},[17,67448,53016],{},[14,67450,67451],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1073,67453,146,67455,10953],{"id":67454},"use-insert-when",[17,67456,54632],{},[167,67458,67459,67462],{},[170,67460,67461],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[170,67463,67464],{},"The order of the list matters",[1073,67466,146,67468,10953],{"id":67467},"use-append-when",[17,67469,53016],{},[167,67471,67472,67475],{},[170,67473,67474],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[170,67476,67477],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,67479,219],{},[33,67481,67483],{"className":35,"code":67482,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,67484,67485,67509,67513,67535,67545,67549,67567],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67486,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503,67505,67507],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67488,8128],{"class":114},[42,67490,88],{"class":87},[42,67492,3957],{"class":56},[42,67494,61],{"class":60},[42,67496,4418],{"class":64},[42,67498,61],{"class":60},[42,67500,70],{"class":56},[42,67502,73],{"class":60},[42,67504,33581],{"class":64},[42,67506,61],{"class":60},[42,67508,3970],{"class":56},[42,67510,67511],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67512,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,67514,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,67516,8159],{"class":114},[42,67518,122],{"class":56},[42,67520,54315],{"class":125},[42,67522,57],{"class":56},[42,67524,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67526,70],{"class":56},[42,67528,73],{"class":60},[42,67530,4427],{"class":64},[42,67532,61],{"class":60},[42,67534,143],{"class":56},[42,67536,67537,67539,67541,67543],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,67538,284],{"class":52},[42,67540,57],{"class":56},[42,67542,8159],{"class":125},[42,67544,143],{"class":56},[42,67546,67547],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,67548,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,67550,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,67552,8159],{"class":114},[42,67554,122],{"class":56},[42,67556,13910],{"class":125},[42,67558,57],{"class":56},[42,67560,61],{"class":60},[42,67562,22890],{"class":64},[42,67564,61],{"class":60},[42,67566,143],{"class":56},[42,67568,67569,67571,67573,67575],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,67570,284],{"class":52},[42,67572,57],{"class":56},[42,67574,8159],{"class":125},[42,67576,143],{"class":56},[14,67578,2395],{},[33,67580,67582],{"className":35,"code":67581,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[17,67583,67584,67612],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67585,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67587,4238],{"class":56},[42,67589,868],{"class":60},[42,67591,4418],{"class":64},[42,67593,868],{"class":60},[42,67595,70],{"class":56},[42,67597,862],{"class":60},[42,67599,4427],{"class":64},[42,67601,868],{"class":60},[42,67603,70],{"class":56},[42,67605,862],{"class":60},[42,67607,33581],{"class":64},[42,67609,868],{"class":60},[42,67611,3970],{"class":56},[42,67613,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67615,4238],{"class":56},[42,67617,868],{"class":60},[42,67619,4418],{"class":64},[42,67621,868],{"class":60},[42,67623,70],{"class":56},[42,67625,862],{"class":60},[42,67627,4427],{"class":64},[42,67629,868],{"class":60},[42,67631,70],{"class":56},[42,67633,862],{"class":60},[42,67635,33581],{"class":64},[42,67637,868],{"class":60},[42,67639,70],{"class":56},[42,67641,862],{"class":60},[42,67643,22890],{"class":64},[42,67645,868],{"class":60},[42,67647,3970],{"class":56},[14,67649,67650,67651,122],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[693,67652,55884,67653,11093],{"href":57133},[17,67654,53016],{},[14,67656,67657,67658,122],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[693,67659,53413],{"href":53412},[28,67661,4859],{"id":4858},[14,67663,15090,67664,122],{},[17,67665,54632],{},[1073,67667,12950,67669],{"id":67668},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[17,67670,54632],{},[14,67672,26048],{},[33,67674,67676],{"className":35,"code":67675,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,67677,67678,67698,67720,67724,67734],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67679,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67681,3952],{"class":114},[42,67683,88],{"class":87},[42,67685,3957],{"class":56},[42,67687,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67689,70],{"class":56},[42,67691,3325],{"class":2348},[42,67693,70],{"class":56},[42,67695,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67697,3970],{"class":56},[42,67699,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67701,2555],{"class":114},[42,67703,88],{"class":87},[42,67705,4603],{"class":114},[42,67707,122],{"class":56},[42,67709,54315],{"class":125},[42,67711,57],{"class":56},[42,67713,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67715,70],{"class":56},[42,67717,10548],{"class":2348},[42,67719,143],{"class":56},[42,67721,67722],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,67723,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,67725,67726,67728,67730,67732],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,67727,284],{"class":52},[42,67729,57],{"class":56},[42,67731,2592],{"class":125},[42,67733,143],{"class":56},[42,67735,67736,67738,67740,67742],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,67737,284],{"class":52},[42,67739,57],{"class":56},[42,67741,3984],{"class":125},[42,67743,143],{"class":56},[14,67745,2395],{},[33,67747,67749],{"className":35,"code":67748,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[17,67750,67751,67755],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67752,67753],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67754,12163],{"class":4190},[42,67756,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67758,4238],{"class":56},[42,67760,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67762,70],{"class":56},[42,67764,10548],{"class":2348},[42,67766,70],{"class":56},[42,67768,3325],{"class":2348},[42,67770,70],{"class":56},[42,67772,2781],{"class":2348},[42,67774,3970],{"class":56},[14,67776,67777,54517,67779,122],{},[17,67778,54632],{},[17,67780,4115],{},[14,67782,17002],{},[33,67784,67786],{"className":35,"code":67785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[17,67787,67788],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67789,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67791,56254],{"class":114},[42,67793,88],{"class":87},[42,67795,4603],{"class":114},[42,67797,122],{"class":56},[42,67799,54315],{"class":125},[42,67801,57],{"class":56},[42,67803,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67805,70],{"class":56},[42,67807,10548],{"class":2348},[42,67809,143],{"class":56},[14,67811,67812],{},"Right:",[33,67814,67816],{"className":35,"code":67815,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[17,67817,67818],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67819,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67821,3984],{"class":114},[42,67823,122],{"class":56},[42,67825,54315],{"class":125},[42,67827,57],{"class":56},[42,67829,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67831,70],{"class":56},[42,67833,10548],{"class":2348},[42,67835,143],{"class":56},[1073,67837,67839],{"id":67838},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67841,67842],{},"The correct order is:",[33,67844,67845],{"className":35,"code":66698,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,67846,67847],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67848,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67850,8689],{"class":114},[42,67852,122],{"class":56},[42,67854,54315],{"class":125},[42,67856,57],{"class":56},[42,67858,36205],{"class":125},[42,67860,70],{"class":56},[42,67862,29866],{"class":125},[42,67864,143],{"class":56},[14,67866,67867],{},"Not:",[33,67869,67871],{"className":35,"code":67870,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[17,67872,67873],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67874,67875,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67876,8689],{"class":114},[42,67878,122],{"class":56},[42,67880,54315],{"class":125},[42,67882,57],{"class":56},[42,67884,23668],{"class":125},[42,67886,70],{"class":56},[42,67888,36180],{"class":125},[42,67890,143],{"class":56},[14,67892,219],{},[33,67894,67895],{"className":35,"code":66740,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,67896,67897,67921,67943],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67898,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67900,36450],{"class":114},[42,67902,88],{"class":87},[42,67904,3957],{"class":56},[42,67906,61],{"class":60},[42,67908,693],{"class":64},[42,67910,61],{"class":60},[42,67912,70],{"class":56},[42,67914,73],{"class":60},[42,67916,10090],{"class":64},[42,67918,61],{"class":60},[42,67920,3970],{"class":56},[42,67922,67923,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939,67941],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,67924,36503],{"class":114},[42,67926,122],{"class":56},[42,67928,54315],{"class":125},[42,67930,57],{"class":56},[42,67932,3320],{"class":2348},[42,67934,70],{"class":56},[42,67936,73],{"class":60},[42,67938,5102],{"class":64},[42,67940,61],{"class":60},[42,67942,143],{"class":56},[42,67944,67945,67947,67949,67951],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,67946,284],{"class":52},[42,67948,57],{"class":56},[42,67950,36503],{"class":125},[42,67952,143],{"class":56},[14,67954,2395],{},[33,67956,67957],{"className":35,"code":43237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,67958,67959],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,67960,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979,67981,67983,67985],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,67962,4238],{"class":56},[42,67964,868],{"class":60},[42,67966,693],{"class":64},[42,67968,868],{"class":60},[42,67970,70],{"class":56},[42,67972,862],{"class":60},[42,67974,5102],{"class":64},[42,67976,868],{"class":60},[42,67978,70],{"class":56},[42,67980,862],{"class":60},[42,67982,10090],{"class":64},[42,67984,868],{"class":60},[42,67986,3970],{"class":56},[1073,67988,8803,67990,67992],{"id":67989},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[17,67991,54632],{}," to replace an item",[14,67994,67995,67997],{},[17,67996,54632],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[33,67999,68001],{"className":35,"code":68000,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,68002,68003,68023,68041],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68004,68005,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68006,3952],{"class":114},[42,68008,88],{"class":87},[42,68010,3957],{"class":56},[42,68012,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68014,70],{"class":56},[42,68016,3325],{"class":2348},[42,68018,70],{"class":56},[42,68020,2781],{"class":2348},[42,68022,3970],{"class":56},[42,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68026,3984],{"class":114},[42,68028,122],{"class":56},[42,68030,54315],{"class":125},[42,68032,57],{"class":56},[42,68034,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68036,70],{"class":56},[42,68038,10548],{"class":2348},[42,68040,143],{"class":56},[42,68042,68043,68045,68047,68049],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,68044,284],{"class":52},[42,68046,57],{"class":56},[42,68048,3984],{"class":125},[42,68050,143],{"class":56},[14,68052,2395],{},[33,68054,68056],{"className":35,"code":68055,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[17,68057,68058],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68059,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068,68070,68072,68074,68076],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68061,4238],{"class":56},[42,68063,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68065,70],{"class":56},[42,68067,10548],{"class":2348},[42,68069,70],{"class":56},[42,68071,3325],{"class":2348},[42,68073,70],{"class":56},[42,68075,2781],{"class":2348},[42,68077,3970],{"class":56},[14,68079,68080],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[33,68082,68084],{"className":35,"code":68083,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,68085,68086,68106,68120],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68087,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098,68100,68102,68104],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68089,3952],{"class":114},[42,68091,88],{"class":87},[42,68093,3957],{"class":56},[42,68095,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68097,70],{"class":56},[42,68099,3325],{"class":2348},[42,68101,70],{"class":56},[42,68103,2781],{"class":2348},[42,68105,3970],{"class":56},[42,68107,68108,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68109,3984],{"class":114},[42,68111,4238],{"class":56},[42,68113,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68115,13631],{"class":56},[42,68117,232],{"class":87},[42,68119,14487],{"class":2348},[42,68121,68122,68124,68126,68128],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,68123,284],{"class":52},[42,68125,57],{"class":56},[42,68127,3984],{"class":125},[42,68129,143],{"class":56},[14,68131,2395],{},[33,68133,68135],{"className":35,"code":68134,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[17,68136,68137],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68138,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68140,4238],{"class":56},[42,68142,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68144,70],{"class":56},[42,68146,10548],{"class":2348},[42,68148,70],{"class":56},[42,68150,2781],{"class":2348},[42,68152,3970],{"class":56},[1073,68154,68156],{"id":68155},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,68158,68159,68161],{},[17,68160,54632],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,68163,68164],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[33,68166,68168],{"className":35,"code":68167,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,68169,68170,68186,68210],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68171,68172,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182,68184],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68173,3952],{"class":114},[42,68175,88],{"class":87},[42,68177,3957],{"class":56},[42,68179,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68181,70],{"class":56},[42,68183,2787],{"class":2348},[42,68185,3970],{"class":56},[42,68187,68188,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68208],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68189,3984],{"class":114},[42,68191,122],{"class":56},[42,68193,54315],{"class":125},[42,68195,57],{"class":56},[42,68197,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68199,70],{"class":56},[42,68201,3957],{"class":56},[42,68203,2381],{"class":2348},[42,68205,70],{"class":56},[42,68207,2781],{"class":2348},[42,68209,4226],{"class":56},[42,68211,68212,68214,68216,68218],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,68213,284],{"class":52},[42,68215,57],{"class":56},[42,68217,3984],{"class":125},[42,68219,143],{"class":56},[14,68221,2395],{},[33,68223,68225],{"className":35,"code":68224,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[17,68226,68227],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68228,68229,68231,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68230,4238],{"class":56},[42,68232,3320],{"class":2348},[42,68234,70],{"class":56},[42,68236,3957],{"class":56},[42,68238,2381],{"class":2348},[42,68240,70],{"class":56},[42,68242,2781],{"class":2348},[42,68244,18421],{"class":56},[42,68246,2787],{"class":2348},[42,68248,3970],{"class":56},[14,68250,68251,68252,122],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[693,68253,55884,68254,11093],{"href":53708},[17,68255,53810],{},[1073,68257,68259],{"id":68258},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,68261,9225,68262,68264],{},[17,68263,54632],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[33,68266,68268],{"className":35,"code":68267,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[17,68269,68270,68280,68294,68312,68326],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68271,68272,68274,68276,68278],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68273,284],{"class":52},[42,68275,57],{"class":56},[42,68277,8689],{"class":125},[42,68279,143],{"class":56},[42,68281,68282,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68283,284],{"class":52},[42,68285,57],{"class":56},[42,68287,11515],{"class":52},[42,68289,57],{"class":56},[42,68291,8689],{"class":125},[42,68293,842],{"class":56},[42,68295,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,68297,284],{"class":52},[42,68299,57],{"class":56},[42,68301,8689],{"class":125},[42,68303,122],{"class":56},[42,68305,54315],{"class":2022},[42,68307,122],{"class":56},[42,68309,34807],{"class":657},[42,68311,143],{"class":56},[42,68313,68314,68316,68318,68320,68322,68324],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,68315,32512],{"class":52},[42,68317,57],{"class":56},[42,68319,8443],{"class":834},[42,68321,122],{"class":56},[42,68323,54315],{"class":2022},[42,68325,143],{"class":56},[42,68327,68328,68330,68332,68334],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,68329,835],{"class":834},[42,68331,57],{"class":56},[42,68333,8689],{"class":125},[42,68335,143],{"class":56},[14,68337,68338],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[167,68340,68341,68344,68347,68350],{},[170,68342,68343],{},"What is currently in the list",[170,68345,68346],{},"How long the list is",[170,68348,68349],{},"That you are working with a real list",[170,68351,68352],{},"How Python describes the method",[28,68354,5303,68356],{"id":68355},"when-to-use-insert",[17,68357,54632],{},[14,68359,146,68360,68362],{},[17,68361,54632],{}," when position matters.",[14,68364,36786],{},[167,68366,68367,68370,68373,68376],{},[170,68368,68369],{},"Ordered menus",[170,68371,68372],{},"Rankings or score lists",[170,68374,68375],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[170,68377,68378],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,68380,68381,68382,68384,68385,68387,68388,68390],{},"You usually do ",[177,68383,179],{}," need ",[17,68386,54632],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[17,68389,53016],{}," is simpler.",[14,68392,68393,68394,122],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[693,68395,57519],{"href":57518},[28,68397,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,68399,13060,68401,55833],{"id":68400},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[17,68402,54275],{},[14,68404,68405,68406,122],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[17,68407,4115],{},[1073,68409,68411],{"id":68410},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,68413,68414],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1073,68416,5513,68418,68420],{"id":68417},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[17,68419,54275],{}," add multiple items?",[14,68422,68423,68424,68426],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[17,68425,53810],{}," or slicing.",[1073,68428,2171,68430,1753,68432,2823],{"id":68429},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[17,68431,54632],{},[17,68433,53016],{},[14,68435,68436,68438,68439,68441],{},[17,68437,54632],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[17,68440,53016],{}," adds only at the end.",[28,68443,2205],{"id":2204},[167,68445,68446,68452,68458,68462,68466,68470],{},[170,68447,68448],{},[693,68449,55884,68450,11093],{"href":57133},[17,68451,53016],{},[170,68453,68454],{},[693,68455,55884,68456,11093],{"href":53708},[17,68457,53810],{},[170,68459,68460],{},[693,68461,54642],{"href":53412},[170,68463,68464],{},[693,68465,53135],{"href":51342},[170,68467,68468],{},[693,68469,57593],{"href":57518},[170,68471,68472],{},[693,68473,30706,68474,33994],{"href":54660},[17,68475,68476],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2245,68478,68479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":68481},[68482,68484,68485,68486,68492,68499,68508,68510,68519],{"id":66667,"depth":111,"text":68483},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5774,"depth":111,"text":5775},{"id":6131,"depth":111,"text":6132},{"id":67039,"depth":111,"text":67040,"children":68487},[68488,68489,68490,68491],{"id":67051,"depth":132,"text":67052},{"id":67142,"depth":132,"text":67143},{"id":67228,"depth":132,"text":67229},{"id":67314,"depth":132,"text":67315},{"id":67444,"depth":111,"text":68493,"children":68494},"insert() vs append()",[68495,68497],{"id":67454,"depth":132,"text":68496},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67467,"depth":132,"text":68498},"Use append() when:",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":68500},[68501,68503,68504,68506,68507],{"id":67668,"depth":132,"text":68502},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67838,"depth":132,"text":67839},{"id":67989,"depth":132,"text":68505},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68155,"depth":132,"text":68156},{"id":68258,"depth":132,"text":68259},{"id":68355,"depth":111,"text":68509},"When to use insert()",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":68511},[68512,68514,68515,68517],{"id":68400,"depth":132,"text":68513},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68410,"depth":132,"text":68411},{"id":68417,"depth":132,"text":68516},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68429,"depth":132,"text":68518},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66577,"description":68520},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68527,"title":68528,"body":68529,"description":70083,"extension":2285,"meta":70084,"navigation":2287,"path":59338,"seo":70085,"stem":70086,"__hash__":70087},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68530,"toc":70056},[68531,68537,68546,68595,68597,68605,68611,68613,68631,68637,68642,68645,68648,68663,68665,68717,68719,68727,68735,68742,68744,68750,68815,68817,68825,68827,68846,68849,68900,68904,68909,68936,68938,68946,68949,69018,69020,69035,69041,69045,69054,69057,69112,69114,69122,69125,69127,69172,69174,69182,69188,69190,69198,69201,69203,69242,69244,69283,69288,69290,69292,69327,69330,69332,69370,69374,69380,69382,69433,69435,69443,69450,69453,69474,69477,69532,69543,69545,69606,69608,69617,69624,69630,69633,69636,69693,69696,69709,69715,69721,69727,69729,69742,69745,69842,69844,69861,69864,69946,69948,69970,69977,69983,69985,69989,69995,70001,70006,70010,70013,70019,70026,70028,70053],[10,68532,68534,68535,98],{"id":68533},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[17,68536,11515],{},[14,68538,68539,68540,68542,68543,68545],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[17,68541,42724],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[17,68544,42724],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[33,68547,68549],{"className":35,"code":68548,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[17,68550,68551,68571,68585],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68552,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68554,3952],{"class":114},[42,68556,88],{"class":87},[42,68558,3957],{"class":56},[42,68560,2659],{"class":2348},[42,68562,70],{"class":56},[42,68564,8139],{"class":2348},[42,68566,70],{"class":56},[42,68568,8144],{"class":2348},[42,68570,3970],{"class":56},[42,68572,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68574,41604],{"class":114},[42,68576,88],{"class":87},[42,68578,38748],{"class":52},[42,68580,57],{"class":56},[42,68582,3984],{"class":125},[42,68584,143],{"class":56},[42,68586,68587,68589,68591,68593],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,68588,284],{"class":52},[42,68590,57],{"class":56},[42,68592,41622],{"class":125},[42,68594,143],{"class":56},[14,68596,2395],{},[33,68598,68599],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,68600,68601],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68602,68603],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68604,46980],{"class":2348},[14,68606,146,68607,68610],{},[17,68608,68609],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[28,68612,15520],{"id":15519},[167,68614,68615,68620,68625,68628],{},[170,68616,4538,68617,68619],{},[17,68618,42724],{}," works with Python lists",[170,68621,68622,68623,12060],{},"What value ",[17,68624,42724],{},[170,68626,68627],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[170,68629,68630],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[28,68632,4013,68634,68636],{"id":68633},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[17,68635,42724],{}," returns for a list",[14,68638,68639,65449],{},[17,68640,68641],{},"len(my_list)",[14,68643,68644],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,68646,68647],{},"A few important points:",[167,68649,68650,68653,68658],{},[170,68651,68652],{},"It counts list items",[170,68654,175,68655,68657],{},[177,68656,179],{}," count characters inside a string item",[170,68659,68660,68661],{},"An empty list returns ",[17,68662,2445],{},[14,68664,219],{},[33,68666,68668],{"className":35,"code":68667,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,68669,68670,68703],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68671,68672,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68673,4409],{"class":114},[42,68675,88],{"class":87},[42,68677,3957],{"class":56},[42,68679,61],{"class":60},[42,68681,37408],{"class":64},[42,68683,61],{"class":60},[42,68685,70],{"class":56},[42,68687,73],{"class":60},[42,68689,68690],{"class":64},"elephant",[42,68692,61],{"class":60},[42,68694,70],{"class":56},[42,68696,73],{"class":60},[42,68698,58492],{"class":64},[42,68700,61],{"class":60},[42,68702,3970],{"class":56},[42,68704,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68706,284],{"class":52},[42,68708,57],{"class":56},[42,68710,11515],{"class":52},[42,68712,57],{"class":56},[42,68714,4453],{"class":125},[42,68716,842],{"class":56},[14,68718,2395],{},[33,68720,68721],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,68722,68723],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68724,68725],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68726,46980],{"class":2348},[14,68728,21335,68729,68732,68733,65456],{},[17,68730,68731],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[177,68734,53020],{},[14,68736,68737,68738,122],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[693,68739,3908,68740,3841],{"href":42721},[17,68741,42724],{},[28,68743,6132],{"id":6131},[14,68745,68746,68747,68749],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[17,68748,42724],{},", and print the result.",[33,68751,68753],{"className":35,"code":68752,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[17,68754,68755,68787,68801,68805],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68756,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68758,13433],{"class":114},[42,68760,88],{"class":87},[42,68762,3957],{"class":56},[42,68764,61],{"class":60},[42,68766,13450],{"class":64},[42,68768,61],{"class":60},[42,68770,70],{"class":56},[42,68772,73],{"class":60},[42,68774,17814],{"class":64},[42,68776,61],{"class":60},[42,68778,70],{"class":56},[42,68780,73],{"class":60},[42,68782,13467],{"class":64},[42,68784,61],{"class":60},[42,68786,3970],{"class":56},[42,68788,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68790,41604],{"class":114},[42,68792,88],{"class":87},[42,68794,38748],{"class":52},[42,68796,57],{"class":56},[42,68798,17861],{"class":125},[42,68800,143],{"class":56},[42,68802,68803],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,68804,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,68806,68807,68809,68811,68813],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,68808,284],{"class":52},[42,68810,57],{"class":56},[42,68812,41622],{"class":125},[42,68814,143],{"class":56},[14,68816,2395],{},[33,68818,68819],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,68820,68821],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68822,68823],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68824,46980],{"class":2348},[14,68826,12038],{},[167,68828,68829,68834,68841],{},[170,68830,68831,68833],{},[17,68832,17861],{}," is a list with 3 items",[170,68835,68836,2726,68839],{},[17,68837,68838],{},"len(colors)",[17,68840,2387],{},[170,68842,68843,68844],{},"That value is stored in ",[17,68845,41622],{},[14,68847,68848],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[33,68850,68852],{"className":35,"code":68851,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,68853,68854,68886],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68855,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68857,13433],{"class":114},[42,68859,88],{"class":87},[42,68861,3957],{"class":56},[42,68863,61],{"class":60},[42,68865,13450],{"class":64},[42,68867,61],{"class":60},[42,68869,70],{"class":56},[42,68871,73],{"class":60},[42,68873,17814],{"class":64},[42,68875,61],{"class":60},[42,68877,70],{"class":56},[42,68879,73],{"class":60},[42,68881,13467],{"class":64},[42,68883,61],{"class":60},[42,68885,3970],{"class":56},[42,68887,68888,68890,68892,68894,68896,68898],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68889,284],{"class":52},[42,68891,57],{"class":56},[42,68893,11515],{"class":52},[42,68895,57],{"class":56},[42,68897,17861],{"class":125},[42,68899,842],{"class":56},[28,68901,68903],{"id":68902},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68905,68906,68907,122],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[17,68908,2445],{},[33,68910,68912],{"className":35,"code":68911,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[17,68913,68914,68922],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68915,68916,68918,68920],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68917,8128],{"class":114},[42,68919,88],{"class":87},[42,68921,8188],{"class":56},[42,68923,68924,68926,68928,68930,68932,68934],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68925,284],{"class":52},[42,68927,57],{"class":56},[42,68929,11515],{"class":52},[42,68931,57],{"class":56},[42,68933,8159],{"class":125},[42,68935,842],{"class":56},[14,68937,2395],{},[33,68939,68940],{"className":35,"code":47615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,68941,68942],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68943,68944],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68945,47615],{"class":2348},[14,68947,68948],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[33,68950,68952],{"className":35,"code":68951,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[17,68953,68954,68962,68966,68984,68998,69004],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,68955,68956,68958,68960],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,68957,8128],{"class":114},[42,68959,88],{"class":87},[42,68961,8188],{"class":56},[42,68963,68964],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,68965,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,68967,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,68969,7345],{"class":48},[42,68971,38748],{"class":52},[42,68973,57],{"class":56},[42,68975,8159],{"class":125},[42,68977,98],{"class":56},[42,68979,38758],{"class":87},[42,68981,4171],{"class":2348},[42,68983,108],{"class":56},[42,68985,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,68987,135],{"class":52},[42,68989,57],{"class":56},[42,68991,8159],{"class":125},[42,68993,4238],{"class":56},[42,68995,2445],{"class":2348},[42,68997,4226],{"class":56},[42,68999,69000,69002],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,69001,27792],{"class":48},[42,69003,108],{"class":56},[42,69005,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,69007,135],{"class":52},[42,69009,57],{"class":56},[42,69011,61],{"class":60},[42,69013,52179],{"class":64},[42,69015,61],{"class":60},[42,69017,143],{"class":56},[14,69019,2395],{},[33,69021,69023],{"className":35,"code":69022,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"The list is empty\n",[17,69024,69025],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69026,69027,69029,69031,69033],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69028,2303],{"class":114},[42,69030,8443],{"class":834},[42,69032,8446],{"class":87},[42,69034,8452],{"class":114},[14,69036,69037,69038,69040],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[693,69039,53135],{"href":51342}," is a good next step.",[28,69042,69044],{"id":69043},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,69046,69047,69049,69050,69053],{},[17,69048,42724],{}," counts only the ",[177,69051,69052],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,69055,69056],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[33,69058,69060],{"className":35,"code":69059,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[17,69061,69062,69098],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69063,69064,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69065,9516],{"class":114},[42,69067,88],{"class":87},[42,69069,56658],{"class":56},[42,69071,3320],{"class":2348},[42,69073,70],{"class":56},[42,69075,3325],{"class":2348},[42,69077,18421],{"class":56},[42,69079,3957],{"class":56},[42,69081,2387],{"class":2348},[42,69083,70],{"class":56},[42,69085,2787],{"class":2348},[42,69087,18421],{"class":56},[42,69089,3957],{"class":56},[42,69091,2461],{"class":2348},[42,69093,70],{"class":56},[42,69095,38005],{"class":2348},[42,69097,53606],{"class":56},[42,69099,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69101,284],{"class":52},[42,69103,57],{"class":56},[42,69105,11515],{"class":52},[42,69107,57],{"class":56},[42,69109,9554],{"class":125},[42,69111,842],{"class":56},[14,69113,2395],{},[33,69115,69116],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,69117,69118],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69119,69120],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69121,46980],{"class":2348},[14,69123,69124],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,69126,52443],{},[33,69128,69130],{"className":35,"code":69129,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[17,69131,69132,69158],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69133,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69135,59838],{"class":114},[42,69137,88],{"class":87},[42,69139,3957],{"class":56},[42,69141,3320],{"class":2348},[42,69143,70],{"class":56},[42,69145,3957],{"class":56},[42,69147,2381],{"class":2348},[42,69149,70],{"class":56},[42,69151,2781],{"class":2348},[42,69153,18421],{"class":56},[42,69155,2787],{"class":2348},[42,69157,3970],{"class":56},[42,69159,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168,69170],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69161,284],{"class":52},[42,69163,57],{"class":56},[42,69165,11515],{"class":52},[42,69167,57],{"class":56},[42,69169,59891],{"class":125},[42,69171,842],{"class":56},[14,69173,2395],{},[33,69175,69176],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,69177,69178],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69179,69180],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69181,46980],{"class":2348},[14,69183,21335,69184,69187],{},[17,69185,69186],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[28,69189,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,69191,1940,69193,11445,69196],{"id":69192},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[17,69194,69195],{},"my_list.len()",[17,69197,68641],{},[14,69199,69200],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,69202,17002],{},[33,69204,69206],{"className":35,"code":69205,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[17,69207,69208,69228],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69209,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69211,3952],{"class":114},[42,69213,88],{"class":87},[42,69215,3957],{"class":56},[42,69217,2659],{"class":2348},[42,69219,70],{"class":56},[42,69221,8139],{"class":2348},[42,69223,70],{"class":56},[42,69225,8144],{"class":2348},[42,69227,3970],{"class":56},[42,69229,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238,69240],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69231,284],{"class":52},[42,69233,57],{"class":56},[42,69235,3984],{"class":125},[42,69237,122],{"class":56},[42,69239,11515],{"class":125},[42,69241,584],{"class":56},[14,69243,17014],{},[33,69245,69247],{"className":35,"code":69246,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,69248,69249,69269],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69250,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69252,3952],{"class":114},[42,69254,88],{"class":87},[42,69256,3957],{"class":56},[42,69258,2659],{"class":2348},[42,69260,70],{"class":56},[42,69262,8139],{"class":2348},[42,69264,70],{"class":56},[42,69266,8144],{"class":2348},[42,69268,3970],{"class":56},[42,69270,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69272,284],{"class":52},[42,69274,57],{"class":56},[42,69276,11515],{"class":52},[42,69278,57],{"class":56},[42,69280,3984],{"class":125},[42,69282,842],{"class":56},[14,69284,69285,69287],{},[17,69286,42724],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1073,69289,26045],{"id":26044},[14,69291,17002],{},[33,69293,69295],{"className":35,"code":69294,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[17,69296,69297,69317],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69298,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69300,3952],{"class":114},[42,69302,88],{"class":87},[42,69304,3957],{"class":56},[42,69306,2659],{"class":2348},[42,69308,70],{"class":56},[42,69310,8139],{"class":2348},[42,69312,70],{"class":56},[42,69314,8144],{"class":2348},[42,69316,3970],{"class":56},[42,69318,69319,69321,69323,69325],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69320,284],{"class":52},[42,69322,57],{"class":56},[42,69324,11515],{"class":52},[42,69326,143],{"class":56},[14,69328,69329],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,69331,17014],{},[33,69333,69334],{"className":35,"code":69246,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,69335,69336,69356],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69337,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69339,3952],{"class":114},[42,69341,88],{"class":87},[42,69343,3957],{"class":56},[42,69345,2659],{"class":2348},[42,69347,70],{"class":56},[42,69349,8139],{"class":2348},[42,69351,70],{"class":56},[42,69353,8144],{"class":2348},[42,69355,3970],{"class":56},[42,69357,69358,69360,69362,69364,69366,69368],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69359,284],{"class":52},[42,69361,57],{"class":56},[42,69363,11515],{"class":52},[42,69365,57],{"class":56},[42,69367,3984],{"class":125},[42,69369,842],{"class":56},[1073,69371,69373],{"id":69372},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,69375,69376,69377,69379],{},"The length of a list is ",[177,69378,179],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,69381,219],{},[33,69383,69385],{"className":35,"code":69384,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[17,69386,69387,69419],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69388,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69390,36450],{"class":114},[42,69392,88],{"class":87},[42,69394,3957],{"class":56},[42,69396,61],{"class":60},[42,69398,693],{"class":64},[42,69400,61],{"class":60},[42,69402,70],{"class":56},[42,69404,73],{"class":60},[42,69406,5102],{"class":64},[42,69408,61],{"class":60},[42,69410,70],{"class":56},[42,69412,73],{"class":60},[42,69414,10090],{"class":64},[42,69416,61],{"class":60},[42,69418,3970],{"class":56},[42,69420,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69422,284],{"class":52},[42,69424,57],{"class":56},[42,69426,11515],{"class":52},[42,69428,57],{"class":56},[42,69430,36503],{"class":125},[42,69432,842],{"class":56},[14,69434,2395],{},[33,69436,69437],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,69438,69439],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69440,69441],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69442,46980],{"class":2348},[14,69444,69445,69446,19322,69448,122],{},"But the last index is ",[17,69447,2381],{},[17,69449,2387],{},[14,69451,69452],{},"Indexes are:",[167,69454,69455,69462,69468],{},[170,69456,69457,69459,69460],{},[17,69458,2445],{}," for ",[17,69461,493],{},[170,69463,69464,69459,69466],{},[17,69465,3320],{},[17,69467,65959],{},[170,69469,69470,69459,69472],{},[17,69471,2381],{},[17,69473,66845],{},[14,69475,69476],{},"So this causes an error:",[33,69478,69480],{"className":35,"code":69479,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[17,69481,69482,69514],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69483,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69485,36450],{"class":114},[42,69487,88],{"class":87},[42,69489,3957],{"class":56},[42,69491,61],{"class":60},[42,69493,693],{"class":64},[42,69495,61],{"class":60},[42,69497,70],{"class":56},[42,69499,73],{"class":60},[42,69501,5102],{"class":64},[42,69503,61],{"class":60},[42,69505,70],{"class":56},[42,69507,73],{"class":60},[42,69509,10090],{"class":64},[42,69511,61],{"class":60},[42,69513,3970],{"class":56},[42,69515,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69517,284],{"class":52},[42,69519,57],{"class":56},[42,69521,36503],{"class":125},[42,69523,4238],{"class":56},[42,69525,11515],{"class":52},[42,69527,57],{"class":56},[42,69529,36503],{"class":125},[42,69531,11031],{"class":56},[14,69533,8846,69534,5125,69537,69539,69540,69542],{},[17,69535,69536],{},"len(letters)",[17,69538,2387],{},", and index ",[17,69541,2387],{}," does not exist.",[14,69544,19199],{},[33,69546,69548],{"className":35,"code":69547,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[17,69549,69550,69582],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69551,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576,69578,69580],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69553,36450],{"class":114},[42,69555,88],{"class":87},[42,69557,3957],{"class":56},[42,69559,61],{"class":60},[42,69561,693],{"class":64},[42,69563,61],{"class":60},[42,69565,70],{"class":56},[42,69567,73],{"class":60},[42,69569,5102],{"class":64},[42,69571,61],{"class":60},[42,69573,70],{"class":56},[42,69575,73],{"class":60},[42,69577,10090],{"class":64},[42,69579,61],{"class":60},[42,69581,3970],{"class":56},[42,69583,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69585,284],{"class":52},[42,69587,57],{"class":56},[42,69589,36503],{"class":125},[42,69591,4238],{"class":56},[42,69593,11515],{"class":52},[42,69595,57],{"class":56},[42,69597,36503],{"class":125},[42,69599,98],{"class":56},[42,69601,2547],{"class":87},[42,69603,5842],{"class":2348},[42,69605,4226],{"class":56},[14,69607,2395],{},[33,69609,69611],{"className":35,"code":69610,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"c\n",[17,69612,69613],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69614,69615],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69616,69610],{"class":114},[14,69618,69619,69620,122],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[693,69621,69623],{"href":69622},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1073,69625,1940,69627,69629],{"id":69626},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[17,69628,42724],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,69631,69632],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,69634,69635],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[33,69637,69639],{"className":35,"code":69638,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[17,69640,69641,69651,69665,69679],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69642,69643,69645,69647,69649],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69644,284],{"class":52},[42,69646,57],{"class":56},[42,69648,8689],{"class":125},[42,69650,143],{"class":56},[42,69652,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69654,284],{"class":52},[42,69656,57],{"class":56},[42,69658,11515],{"class":52},[42,69660,57],{"class":56},[42,69662,8689],{"class":125},[42,69664,842],{"class":56},[42,69666,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,69668,284],{"class":52},[42,69670,57],{"class":56},[42,69672,835],{"class":834},[42,69674,57],{"class":56},[42,69676,8689],{"class":125},[42,69678,842],{"class":56},[42,69680,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,69682,284],{"class":52},[42,69684,57],{"class":56},[42,69686,8689],{"class":125},[42,69688,4238],{"class":56},[42,69690,2445],{"class":2348},[42,69692,4226],{"class":56},[14,69694,69695],{},"These help you verify:",[167,69697,69698,69701,69703,69706],{},[170,69699,69700],{},"what the variable contains",[170,69702,61148],{},[170,69704,69705],{},"whether it is really a list",[170,69707,69708],{},"what the first item is",[14,69710,739,69711,69714],{},[17,69712,69713],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[28,69716,5303,69718,69720],{"id":69717},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[17,69719,42724],{}," with lists",[14,69722,69723,69724,69726],{},"You will often use ",[17,69725,42724],{}," in real programs.",[14,69728,9724],{},[167,69730,69731,69733,69736,69739],{},[170,69732,52133],{},[170,69734,69735],{},"Control loops",[170,69737,69738],{},"Validate input or results",[170,69740,69741],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,69743,69744],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[33,69746,69748],{"className":35,"code":69747,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[17,69749,69750,69770,69786,69790,69804,69818],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69751,69752,69754,69756,69758,69760,69762,69764,69766,69768],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69753,2886],{"class":114},[42,69755,88],{"class":87},[42,69757,3957],{"class":56},[42,69759,3320],{"class":2348},[42,69761,70],{"class":56},[42,69763,3325],{"class":2348},[42,69765,70],{"class":56},[42,69767,2781],{"class":2348},[42,69769,3970],{"class":56},[42,69771,69772,69774,69776,69778,69780,69782,69784],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69773,2914],{"class":114},[42,69775,88],{"class":87},[42,69777,3957],{"class":56},[42,69779,2659],{"class":2348},[42,69781,70],{"class":56},[42,69783,8139],{"class":2348},[42,69785,3970],{"class":56},[42,69787,69788],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,69789,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,69791,69792,69794,69796,69798,69800,69802],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,69793,284],{"class":52},[42,69795,57],{"class":56},[42,69797,11515],{"class":52},[42,69799,57],{"class":56},[42,69801,693],{"class":125},[42,69803,842],{"class":56},[42,69805,69806,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,69807,284],{"class":52},[42,69809,57],{"class":56},[42,69811,11515],{"class":52},[42,69813,57],{"class":56},[42,69815,5102],{"class":125},[42,69817,842],{"class":56},[42,69819,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832,69834,69836,69838,69840],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,69821,284],{"class":52},[42,69823,57],{"class":56},[42,69825,11515],{"class":52},[42,69827,57],{"class":56},[42,69829,693],{"class":125},[42,69831,98],{"class":56},[42,69833,38758],{"class":87},[42,69835,38748],{"class":52},[42,69837,57],{"class":56},[42,69839,5102],{"class":125},[42,69841,842],{"class":56},[14,69843,2395],{},[33,69845,69847],{"className":35,"code":69846,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[17,69848,69849,69853,69857],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69850,69851],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69852,46980],{"class":2348},[42,69854,69855],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69856,17415],{"class":2348},[42,69858,69859],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,69860,4318],{"class":4190},[14,69862,69863],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[33,69865,69867],{"className":35,"code":69866,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[17,69868,69869,69901,69905,69927],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69870,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69872,5337],{"class":114},[42,69874,88],{"class":87},[42,69876,3957],{"class":56},[42,69878,61],{"class":60},[42,69880,13237],{"class":64},[42,69882,61],{"class":60},[42,69884,70],{"class":56},[42,69886,73],{"class":60},[42,69888,36300],{"class":64},[42,69890,61],{"class":60},[42,69892,70],{"class":56},[42,69894,73],{"class":60},[42,69896,36309],{"class":64},[42,69898,61],{"class":60},[42,69900,3970],{"class":56},[42,69902,69903],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69904,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,69906,69907,69909,69912,69914,69916,69918,69920,69922,69924],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,69908,6303],{"class":48},[42,69910,69911],{"class":114}," i ",[42,69913,1299],{"class":48},[42,69915,54434],{"class":52},[42,69917,57],{"class":56},[42,69919,11515],{"class":52},[42,69921,57],{"class":56},[42,69923,5381],{"class":125},[42,69925,69926],{"class":56},")):\n",[42,69928,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937,69940,69942,69944],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,69930,135],{"class":52},[42,69932,57],{"class":56},[42,69934,36514],{"class":125},[42,69936,70],{"class":56},[42,69938,69939],{"class":125}," names",[42,69941,4238],{"class":56},[42,69943,36514],{"class":125},[42,69945,4226],{"class":56},[14,69947,2395],{},[33,69949,69950],{"className":35,"code":36358,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,69951,69952,69958,69964],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,69953,69954,69956],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,69955,2445],{"class":2348},[42,69957,36367],{"class":114},[42,69959,69960,69962],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,69961,3320],{"class":2348},[42,69963,36374],{"class":114},[42,69965,69966,69968],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,69967,2381],{"class":2348},[42,69969,36381],{"class":114},[14,69971,69972,69973,122],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[693,69974,69976],{"href":69975},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69978,69979,69980,69982],{},"You can also read ",[693,69981,51910],{"href":51909}," for a task-focused guide.",[28,69984,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,69986,69988],{"id":69987},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69990,146,69991,69994],{},[17,69992,69993],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1073,69996,5485,69998,13072],{"id":69997},"what-does-len-return",[17,69999,70000],{},"len([])",[14,70002,5491,70003,70005],{},[17,70004,2445],{}," because the list is empty.",[1073,70007,70009],{"id":70008},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,70011,70012],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1073,70014,28687,70016,70018],{"id":70015},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[17,70017,69195],{}," in Python?",[14,70020,30629,70021,8572,70023,70025],{},[17,70022,68641],{},[17,70024,42724],{}," is a built-in function.",[28,70027,2205],{"id":2204},[167,70029,70030,70036,70040,70044,70048],{},[170,70031,70032],{},[693,70033,3908,70034,3841],{"href":42721},[17,70035,42724],{},[170,70037,70038],{},[693,70039,52954],{"href":51909},[170,70041,70042],{},[693,70043,53135],{"href":51342},[170,70045,70046],{},[693,70047,69623],{"href":69622},[170,70049,70050],{},[693,70051,70052],{"href":69975},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2245,70054,70055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":70057},[70058,70059,70061,70062,70063,70064,70072,70074,70082],{"id":15519,"depth":111,"text":15520},{"id":68633,"depth":111,"text":70060},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6131,"depth":111,"text":6132},{"id":68902,"depth":111,"text":68903},{"id":69043,"depth":111,"text":69044},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":70065},[70066,70068,70069,70070],{"id":69192,"depth":132,"text":70067},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":26044,"depth":132,"text":26045},{"id":69372,"depth":132,"text":69373},{"id":69626,"depth":132,"text":70071},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69717,"depth":111,"text":70073},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":70075},[70076,70077,70079,70080],{"id":69987,"depth":132,"text":69988},{"id":69997,"depth":132,"text":70078},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":70008,"depth":132,"text":70009},{"id":70015,"depth":132,"text":70081},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68528,"description":70083},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":70089,"title":70090,"body":70091,"description":72072,"extension":2285,"meta":72073,"navigation":2287,"path":72074,"seo":72075,"stem":72076,"__hash__":72077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":70092,"toc":72045},[70093,70096,70101,70104,70112,70125,70127,70192,70194,70216,70221,70225,70230,70238,70240,70250,70252,70333,70335,70365,70367,70386,70391,70408,70410,70494,70496,70526,70531,70535,70541,70624,70626,70656,70659,70663,70666,70757,70759,70797,70800,70885,70887,70917,70923,70930,70934,70939,70948,70950,71035,71037,71066,71069,71077,71081,71085,71094,71117,71119,71141,71143,71157,71159,71219,71223,71228,71267,71269,71286,71288,71298,71397,71402,71406,71411,71454,71456,71484,71486,71500,71575,71577,71599,71603,71606,71611,71622,71627,71635,71638,71709,71711,71736,71793,71795,71816,71825,71833,71838,71840,71845,71866,71869,71944,71947,71961,71968,71970,71974,71980,71984,71994,71998,72005,72009,72015,72017,72042],[10,70094,70090],{"id":70095},"python-list-pop-method",[14,70097,70098,70100],{},[17,70099,55446],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,70102,70103],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[167,70105,70106,70109],{},[170,70107,70108],{},"delete an item from a list",[170,70110,70111],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,70113,70114,70115,70117,70118,9054,70120,70124],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[17,70116,13119],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[17,70119,13119],{},[693,70121,70122],{"href":55436},[17,70123,55893],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[28,70126,31],{"id":30},[33,70128,70130],{"className":35,"code":70129,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,70131,70132,70152,70167,70171,70182],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70133,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70135,3952],{"class":114},[42,70137,88],{"class":87},[42,70139,3957],{"class":56},[42,70141,2659],{"class":2348},[42,70143,70],{"class":56},[42,70145,8139],{"class":2348},[42,70147,70],{"class":56},[42,70149,8144],{"class":2348},[42,70151,3970],{"class":56},[42,70153,70154,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70155,70156],{"class":114},"last_item ",[42,70158,88],{"class":87},[42,70160,4603],{"class":114},[42,70162,122],{"class":56},[42,70164,26599],{"class":125},[42,70166,129],{"class":56},[42,70168,70169],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,70170,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70172,70173,70175,70177,70180],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,70174,284],{"class":52},[42,70176,57],{"class":56},[42,70178,70179],{"class":125},"last_item",[42,70181,143],{"class":56},[42,70183,70184,70186,70188,70190],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,70185,284],{"class":52},[42,70187,57],{"class":56},[42,70189,3984],{"class":125},[42,70191,143],{"class":56},[14,70193,2395],{},[33,70195,70197],{"className":35,"code":70196,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[17,70198,70199,70204],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70200,70201],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70202,70203],{"class":2348},"30\n",[42,70205,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70207,4238],{"class":56},[42,70209,2659],{"class":2348},[42,70211,70],{"class":56},[42,70213,8139],{"class":2348},[42,70215,3970],{"class":56},[14,70217,146,70218,70220],{},[17,70219,13119],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[28,70222,70224],{"id":70223},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,70226,70227,70229],{},[17,70228,13119],{}," has two main jobs:",[167,70231,70232,70235],{},[170,70233,70234],{},"It removes one item from a list",[170,70236,70237],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,70239,44012],{},[167,70241,70242,70245,70248],{},[170,70243,70244],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[170,70246,70247],{},"It changes the original list",[170,70249,53109],{},[14,70251,219],{},[33,70253,70255],{"className":35,"code":70254,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[17,70256,70257,70289,70293,70308,70312,70323],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70258,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267,70269,70271,70273,70275,70277,70279,70281,70283,70285,70287],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70260,13433],{"class":114},[42,70262,88],{"class":87},[42,70264,3957],{"class":56},[42,70266,61],{"class":60},[42,70268,13450],{"class":64},[42,70270,61],{"class":60},[42,70272,70],{"class":56},[42,70274,73],{"class":60},[42,70276,17814],{"class":64},[42,70278,61],{"class":60},[42,70280,70],{"class":56},[42,70282,73],{"class":60},[42,70284,13467],{"class":64},[42,70286,61],{"class":60},[42,70288,3970],{"class":56},[42,70290,70291],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70292,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70294,70295,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,70296,70297],{"class":114},"removed ",[42,70299,88],{"class":87},[42,70301,13481],{"class":114},[42,70303,122],{"class":56},[42,70305,26599],{"class":125},[42,70307,129],{"class":56},[42,70309,70310],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,70311,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70313,70314,70316,70318,70321],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,70315,284],{"class":52},[42,70317,57],{"class":56},[42,70319,70320],{"class":125},"removed",[42,70322,143],{"class":56},[42,70324,70325,70327,70329,70331],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,70326,284],{"class":52},[42,70328,57],{"class":56},[42,70330,17861],{"class":125},[42,70332,143],{"class":56},[14,70334,2395],{},[33,70336,70338],{"className":35,"code":70337,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[17,70339,70340,70345],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70341,70342],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70343,70344],{"class":114},"blue\n",[42,70346,70347,70349,70351,70353,70355,70357,70359,70361,70363],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70348,4238],{"class":56},[42,70350,868],{"class":60},[42,70352,13450],{"class":64},[42,70354,868],{"class":60},[42,70356,70],{"class":56},[42,70358,862],{"class":60},[42,70360,17814],{"class":64},[42,70362,868],{"class":60},[42,70364,3970],{"class":56},[28,70366,312],{"id":311},[33,70368,70370],{"className":35,"code":70369,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list.pop([index])\n",[17,70371,70372],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70373,70374,70376,70378,70380,70382,70384],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70375,8443],{"class":834},[42,70377,122],{"class":56},[42,70379,26599],{"class":125},[42,70381,3317],{"class":56},[42,70383,36205],{"class":125},[42,70385,4226],{"class":56},[14,70387,2303,70388,70390],{},[17,70389,36205],{}," is optional.",[167,70392,70393,70399,70405],{},[170,70394,70395,70396,70398],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[17,70397,13119],{}," removes the last item",[170,70400,70401,70402,70404],{},"If you give an index, ",[17,70403,13119],{}," removes the item at that position",[170,70406,70407],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,70409,219],{},[33,70411,70413],{"className":35,"code":70412,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,70414,70415,70447,70451,70470,70474,70484],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70416,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70418,36450],{"class":114},[42,70420,88],{"class":87},[42,70422,3957],{"class":56},[42,70424,61],{"class":60},[42,70426,693],{"class":64},[42,70428,61],{"class":60},[42,70430,70],{"class":56},[42,70432,73],{"class":60},[42,70434,5102],{"class":64},[42,70436,61],{"class":60},[42,70438,70],{"class":56},[42,70440,73],{"class":60},[42,70442,10090],{"class":64},[42,70444,61],{"class":60},[42,70446,3970],{"class":56},[42,70448,70449],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70450,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70452,70453,70455,70457,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,70454,28897],{"class":114},[42,70456,88],{"class":87},[42,70458,70459],{"class":114}," letters",[42,70461,122],{"class":56},[42,70463,26599],{"class":125},[42,70465,57],{"class":56},[42,70467,3320],{"class":2348},[42,70469,143],{"class":56},[42,70471,70472],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,70473,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70475,70476,70478,70480,70482],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,70477,284],{"class":52},[42,70479,57],{"class":56},[42,70481,23668],{"class":125},[42,70483,143],{"class":56},[42,70485,70486,70488,70490,70492],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,70487,284],{"class":52},[42,70489,57],{"class":56},[42,70491,36503],{"class":125},[42,70493,143],{"class":56},[14,70495,2395],{},[33,70497,70499],{"className":35,"code":70498,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[17,70500,70501,70506],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70502,70503],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70504,70505],{"class":114},"b\n",[42,70507,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70509,4238],{"class":56},[42,70511,868],{"class":60},[42,70513,693],{"class":64},[42,70515,868],{"class":60},[42,70517,70],{"class":56},[42,70519,862],{"class":60},[42,70521,10090],{"class":64},[42,70523,868],{"class":60},[42,70525,3970],{"class":56},[14,70527,70528,70529,122],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[693,70530,53135],{"href":51342},[28,70532,70534],{"id":70533},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,70536,70537,70538,70540],{},"When you call ",[17,70539,13119],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[33,70542,70544],{"className":35,"code":70543,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[17,70545,70546,70580,70584,70599,70603,70614],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70547,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564,70567,70569,70571,70573,70576,70578],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70549,30257],{"class":114},[42,70551,88],{"class":87},[42,70553,3957],{"class":56},[42,70555,61],{"class":60},[42,70557,647],{"class":64},[42,70559,61],{"class":60},[42,70561,70],{"class":56},[42,70563,73],{"class":60},[42,70565,70566],{"class":64},"test",[42,70568,61],{"class":60},[42,70570,70],{"class":56},[42,70572,73],{"class":60},[42,70574,70575],{"class":64},"submit",[42,70577,61],{"class":60},[42,70579,3970],{"class":56},[42,70581,70582],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70583,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70585,70586,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,70587,70588],{"class":114},"last_task ",[42,70590,88],{"class":87},[42,70592,30335],{"class":114},[42,70594,122],{"class":56},[42,70596,26599],{"class":125},[42,70598,129],{"class":56},[42,70600,70601],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,70602,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70604,70605,70607,70609,70612],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,70606,284],{"class":52},[42,70608,57],{"class":56},[42,70610,70611],{"class":125},"last_task",[42,70613,143],{"class":56},[42,70615,70616,70618,70620,70622],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,70617,284],{"class":52},[42,70619,57],{"class":56},[42,70621,36866],{"class":125},[42,70623,143],{"class":56},[14,70625,2395],{},[33,70627,70629],{"className":35,"code":70628,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[17,70630,70631,70636],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70632,70633],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70634,70635],{"class":114},"submit\n",[42,70637,70638,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70639,4238],{"class":56},[42,70641,868],{"class":60},[42,70643,647],{"class":64},[42,70645,868],{"class":60},[42,70647,70],{"class":56},[42,70649,862],{"class":60},[42,70651,70566],{"class":64},[42,70653,868],{"class":60},[42,70655,3970],{"class":56},[14,70657,70658],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[28,70660,70662],{"id":70661},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,70664,70665],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[33,70667,70669],{"className":35,"code":70668,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,70670,70671,70711,70715,70733,70737,70747],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70672,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70674,36599],{"class":114},[42,70676,88],{"class":87},[42,70678,3957],{"class":56},[42,70680,61],{"class":60},[42,70682,4418],{"class":64},[42,70684,61],{"class":60},[42,70686,70],{"class":56},[42,70688,73],{"class":60},[42,70690,4427],{"class":64},[42,70692,61],{"class":60},[42,70694,70],{"class":56},[42,70696,73],{"class":60},[42,70698,4436],{"class":64},[42,70700,61],{"class":60},[42,70702,70],{"class":56},[42,70704,73],{"class":60},[42,70706,33581],{"class":64},[42,70708,61],{"class":60},[42,70710,3970],{"class":56},[42,70712,70713],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70714,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70716,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,70718,70297],{"class":114},[42,70720,88],{"class":87},[42,70722,53215],{"class":114},[42,70724,122],{"class":56},[42,70726,26599],{"class":125},[42,70728,57],{"class":56},[42,70730,3320],{"class":2348},[42,70732,143],{"class":56},[42,70734,70735],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,70736,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70738,70739,70741,70743,70745],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,70740,284],{"class":52},[42,70742,57],{"class":56},[42,70744,70320],{"class":125},[42,70746,143],{"class":56},[42,70748,70749,70751,70753,70755],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,70750,284],{"class":52},[42,70752,57],{"class":56},[42,70754,36651],{"class":125},[42,70756,143],{"class":56},[14,70758,2395],{},[33,70760,70762],{"className":35,"code":70761,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[17,70763,70764,70769],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70765,70766],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70767,70768],{"class":114},"banana\n",[42,70770,70771,70773,70775,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70772,4238],{"class":56},[42,70774,868],{"class":60},[42,70776,4418],{"class":64},[42,70778,868],{"class":60},[42,70780,70],{"class":56},[42,70782,862],{"class":60},[42,70784,4436],{"class":64},[42,70786,868],{"class":60},[42,70788,70],{"class":56},[42,70790,862],{"class":60},[42,70792,33581],{"class":64},[42,70794,868],{"class":60},[42,70796,3970],{"class":56},[14,70798,70799],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[33,70801,70803],{"className":35,"code":70802,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,70804,70805,70837,70841,70861,70865,70875],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70806,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70808,36599],{"class":114},[42,70810,88],{"class":87},[42,70812,3957],{"class":56},[42,70814,61],{"class":60},[42,70816,4418],{"class":64},[42,70818,61],{"class":60},[42,70820,70],{"class":56},[42,70822,73],{"class":60},[42,70824,4427],{"class":64},[42,70826,61],{"class":60},[42,70828,70],{"class":56},[42,70830,73],{"class":60},[42,70832,4436],{"class":64},[42,70834,61],{"class":60},[42,70836,3970],{"class":56},[42,70838,70839],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70840,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70842,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,70844,70297],{"class":114},[42,70846,88],{"class":87},[42,70848,53215],{"class":114},[42,70850,122],{"class":56},[42,70852,26599],{"class":125},[42,70854,57],{"class":56},[42,70856,2345],{"class":87},[42,70858,3320],{"class":2348},[42,70860,143],{"class":56},[42,70862,70863],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,70864,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70866,70867,70869,70871,70873],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,70868,284],{"class":52},[42,70870,57],{"class":56},[42,70872,70320],{"class":125},[42,70874,143],{"class":56},[42,70876,70877,70879,70881,70883],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,70878,284],{"class":52},[42,70880,57],{"class":56},[42,70882,36651],{"class":125},[42,70884,143],{"class":56},[14,70886,2395],{},[33,70888,70890],{"className":35,"code":70889,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[17,70891,70892,70897],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70893,70894],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70895,70896],{"class":114},"cherry\n",[42,70898,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70900,4238],{"class":56},[42,70902,868],{"class":60},[42,70904,4418],{"class":64},[42,70906,868],{"class":60},[42,70908,70],{"class":56},[42,70910,862],{"class":60},[42,70912,4427],{"class":64},[42,70914,868],{"class":60},[42,70916,3970],{"class":56},[14,70918,70919,70920,70922],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[17,70921,66218],{}," means the last item.",[14,70924,70925,70926,122],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[693,70927,70928,11093],{"href":59330},[17,70929,65230],{},[28,70931,70933],{"id":70932},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70935,70936,70938],{},[17,70937,13119],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70940,70941,70942,1753,70944,122],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[17,70943,13119],{},[693,70945,70946],{"href":55436},[17,70947,55893],{},[14,70949,219],{},[33,70951,70953],{"className":35,"code":70952,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[17,70954,70955,70987,70991,71010,71014,71025],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,70956,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,70958,5337],{"class":114},[42,70960,88],{"class":87},[42,70962,3957],{"class":56},[42,70964,61],{"class":60},[42,70966,13237],{"class":64},[42,70968,61],{"class":60},[42,70970,70],{"class":56},[42,70972,73],{"class":60},[42,70974,36300],{"class":64},[42,70976,61],{"class":60},[42,70978,70],{"class":56},[42,70980,73],{"class":60},[42,70982,36309],{"class":64},[42,70984,61],{"class":60},[42,70986,3970],{"class":56},[42,70988,70989],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,70990,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,70992,70993,70996,70998,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,70994,70995],{"class":114},"removed_name ",[42,70997,88],{"class":87},[42,70999,69939],{"class":114},[42,71001,122],{"class":56},[42,71003,26599],{"class":125},[42,71005,57],{"class":56},[42,71007,2445],{"class":2348},[42,71009,143],{"class":56},[42,71011,71012],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,71013,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,71015,71016,71018,71020,71023],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,71017,284],{"class":52},[42,71019,57],{"class":56},[42,71021,71022],{"class":125},"removed_name",[42,71024,143],{"class":56},[42,71026,71027,71029,71031,71033],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,71028,284],{"class":52},[42,71030,57],{"class":56},[42,71032,5381],{"class":125},[42,71034,143],{"class":56},[14,71036,2395],{},[33,71038,71040],{"className":35,"code":71039,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[17,71041,71042,71046],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71043,71044],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71045,50402],{"class":114},[42,71047,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71062,71064],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71049,4238],{"class":56},[42,71051,868],{"class":60},[42,71053,36300],{"class":64},[42,71055,868],{"class":60},[42,71057,70],{"class":56},[42,71059,862],{"class":60},[42,71061,36309],{"class":64},[42,71063,868],{"class":60},[42,71065,3970],{"class":56},[14,71067,71068],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,71070,71071,71072,71074,71075,122],{},"By comparison, ",[17,71073,55893],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[17,71076,4115],{},[28,71078,71080],{"id":71079},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1073,71082,71084],{"id":71083},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,71086,71087,71088,71090,71091,122],{},"If the list is empty, ",[17,71089,13119],{}," raises an ",[17,71092,71093],{},"IndexError",[33,71095,71097],{"className":35,"code":71096,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[17,71098,71099,71107],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71100,71101,71103,71105],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71102,8128],{"class":114},[42,71104,88],{"class":87},[42,71106,8188],{"class":56},[42,71108,71109,71111,71113,71115],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71110,8159],{"class":114},[42,71112,122],{"class":56},[42,71114,26599],{"class":125},[42,71116,129],{"class":56},[14,71118,2395],{},[33,71120,71122],{"className":35,"code":71121,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[17,71123,71124],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71125,71126,71128,71130,71133,71136,71139],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71127,71093],{"class":834},[42,71129,1935],{"class":56},[42,71131,71132],{"class":114}," pop ",[42,71134,71135],{"class":48},"from",[42,71137,71138],{"class":114}," empty ",[42,71140,50248],{"class":834},[14,71142,39624],{},[167,71144,71145,71150],{},[170,71146,71147,71148],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[17,71149,13119],{},[170,71151,71152,71153,1753,71155],{},"Or handle the error with ",[17,71154,30163],{},[17,71156,30194],{},[14,71158,219],{},[33,71160,71162],{"className":35,"code":71161,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[17,71163,71164,71172,71176,71184,71198,71204],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71165,71166,71168,71170],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71167,8128],{"class":114},[42,71169,88],{"class":87},[42,71171,8188],{"class":56},[42,71173,71174],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71175,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,71177,71178,71180,71182],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,71179,7345],{"class":48},[42,71181,6311],{"class":114},[42,71183,108],{"class":56},[42,71185,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,71187,135],{"class":52},[42,71189,57],{"class":56},[42,71191,8159],{"class":125},[42,71193,122],{"class":56},[42,71195,26599],{"class":125},[42,71197,584],{"class":56},[42,71199,71200,71202],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,71201,27792],{"class":48},[42,71203,108],{"class":56},[42,71205,71206,71208,71210,71212,71215,71217],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,71207,135],{"class":52},[42,71209,57],{"class":56},[42,71211,61],{"class":60},[42,71213,71214],{"class":64},"The list is empty.",[42,71216,61],{"class":60},[42,71218,143],{"class":56},[1073,71220,71222],{"id":71221},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,71224,71225,71226,122],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[17,71227,71093],{},[33,71229,71231],{"className":35,"code":71230,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[17,71232,71233,71253],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71234,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71236,3952],{"class":114},[42,71238,88],{"class":87},[42,71240,3957],{"class":56},[42,71242,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71244,70],{"class":56},[42,71246,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71248,70],{"class":56},[42,71250,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71252,3970],{"class":56},[42,71254,71255,71257,71259,71261,71263,71265],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71256,3984],{"class":114},[42,71258,122],{"class":56},[42,71260,26599],{"class":125},[42,71262,57],{"class":56},[42,71264,2461],{"class":2348},[42,71266,143],{"class":56},[14,71268,2395],{},[33,71270,71272],{"className":35,"code":71271,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[17,71273,71274],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71275,71276,71278,71280,71283],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71277,71093],{"class":834},[42,71279,1935],{"class":56},[42,71281,71282],{"class":114}," pop index out of ",[42,71284,71285],{"class":52},"range\n",[14,71287,39624],{},[167,71289,71290,71295],{},[170,71291,71292,71293],{},"Check the list length with ",[17,71294,42724],{},[170,71296,71297],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[33,71299,71301],{"className":35,"code":71300,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[17,71302,71303,71323,71332,71336,71358,71376,71382],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71304,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317,71319,71321],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71306,3952],{"class":114},[42,71308,88],{"class":87},[42,71310,3957],{"class":56},[42,71312,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71314,70],{"class":56},[42,71316,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71318,70],{"class":56},[42,71320,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71322,3970],{"class":56},[42,71324,71325,71328,71330],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71326,71327],{"class":114},"index ",[42,71329,88],{"class":87},[42,71331,45952],{"class":2348},[42,71333,71334],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,71335,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,71337,71338,71340,71342,71345,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,71339,7345],{"class":48},[42,71341,4171],{"class":2348},[42,71343,71344],{"class":87}," \u003C=",[42,71346,71347],{"class":114}," index ",[42,71349,855],{"class":87},[42,71351,38748],{"class":52},[42,71353,57],{"class":56},[42,71355,3984],{"class":125},[42,71357,8692],{"class":56},[42,71359,71360,71362,71364,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,71361,135],{"class":52},[42,71363,57],{"class":56},[42,71365,3984],{"class":125},[42,71367,122],{"class":56},[42,71369,26599],{"class":125},[42,71371,57],{"class":56},[42,71373,36205],{"class":125},[42,71375,842],{"class":56},[42,71377,71378,71380],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,71379,27792],{"class":48},[42,71381,108],{"class":56},[42,71383,71384,71386,71388,71390,71393,71395],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,71385,135],{"class":52},[42,71387,57],{"class":56},[42,71389,61],{"class":60},[42,71391,71392],{"class":64},"Index is out of range.",[42,71394,61],{"class":60},[42,71396,143],{"class":56},[14,71398,71399,71400,122],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[693,71401,69623],{"href":69622},[1073,71403,71405],{"id":71404},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,71407,71408,71410],{},[17,71409,13119],{}," expects an integer index.",[33,71412,71414],{"className":35,"code":71413,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[17,71415,71416,71436],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71417,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71419,3952],{"class":114},[42,71421,88],{"class":87},[42,71423,3957],{"class":56},[42,71425,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71427,70],{"class":56},[42,71429,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71431,70],{"class":56},[42,71433,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71435,3970],{"class":56},[42,71437,71438,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71439,3984],{"class":114},[42,71441,122],{"class":56},[42,71443,26599],{"class":125},[42,71445,57],{"class":56},[42,71447,61],{"class":60},[42,71449,3320],{"class":64},[42,71451,61],{"class":60},[42,71453,143],{"class":56},[14,71455,2395],{},[33,71457,71459],{"className":35,"code":71458,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[17,71460,71461],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71462,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71478,71481],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71464,3338],{"class":834},[42,71466,1935],{"class":56},[42,71468,862],{"class":60},[42,71470,3775],{"class":64},[42,71472,868],{"class":60},[42,71474,24975],{"class":834},[42,71476,71477],{"class":114}," cannot be interpreted ",[42,71479,71480],{"class":48},"as",[42,71482,71483],{"class":114}," an integer\n",[14,71485,39624],{},[167,71487,71488,71497],{},[170,71489,71490,71491,2514,71493,2518,71495],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[17,71492,2445],{},[17,71494,3320],{},[17,71496,66218],{},[170,71498,71499],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[33,71501,71503],{"className":35,"code":71502,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,71504,71505,71525,71543,71547,71565],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71506,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71508,3952],{"class":114},[42,71510,88],{"class":87},[42,71512,3957],{"class":56},[42,71514,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71516,70],{"class":56},[42,71518,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71520,70],{"class":56},[42,71522,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71524,3970],{"class":56},[42,71526,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71528,71327],{"class":114},[42,71530,88],{"class":87},[42,71532,45639],{"class":834},[42,71534,57],{"class":56},[42,71536,61],{"class":60},[42,71538,3320],{"class":64},[42,71540,61],{"class":60},[42,71542,143],{"class":56},[42,71544,71545],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,71546,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,71548,71549,71551,71553,71555,71557,71559,71561,71563],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,71550,284],{"class":52},[42,71552,57],{"class":56},[42,71554,3984],{"class":125},[42,71556,122],{"class":56},[42,71558,26599],{"class":125},[42,71560,57],{"class":56},[42,71562,36205],{"class":125},[42,71564,842],{"class":56},[42,71566,71567,71569,71571,71573],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,71568,284],{"class":52},[42,71570,57],{"class":56},[42,71572,3984],{"class":125},[42,71574,143],{"class":56},[14,71576,2395],{},[33,71578,71580],{"className":35,"code":71579,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[17,71581,71582,71587],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71583,71584],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71585,71586],{"class":2348},"20\n",[42,71588,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71590,4238],{"class":56},[42,71592,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71594,70],{"class":56},[42,71596,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71598,3970],{"class":56},[28,71600,71602],{"id":71601},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,71604,71605],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1073,71607,146,71609,10953],{"id":71608},"use-pop-when",[17,71610,13119],{},[167,71612,71613,71616,71619],{},[170,71614,71615],{},"you want to remove by index",[170,71617,71618],{},"you want the removed item returned",[170,71620,71621],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1073,71623,146,71625,10953],{"id":71624},"use-remove-when",[17,71626,55893],{},[167,71628,71629,71632],{},[170,71630,71631],{},"you want to remove by value",[170,71633,71634],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,71636,71637],{},"Compare these examples:",[33,71639,71641],{"className":35,"code":71640,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,71642,71643,71667,71671,71689,71699],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71644,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71646,3952],{"class":114},[42,71648,88],{"class":87},[42,71650,3957],{"class":56},[42,71652,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71654,70],{"class":56},[42,71656,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71658,70],{"class":56},[42,71660,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71662,70],{"class":56},[42,71664,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71666,3970],{"class":56},[42,71668,71669],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71670,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,71672,71673,71675,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,71674,70297],{"class":114},[42,71676,88],{"class":87},[42,71678,4603],{"class":114},[42,71680,122],{"class":56},[42,71682,26599],{"class":125},[42,71684,57],{"class":56},[42,71686,3320],{"class":2348},[42,71688,143],{"class":56},[42,71690,71691,71693,71695,71697],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,71692,284],{"class":52},[42,71694,57],{"class":56},[42,71696,70320],{"class":125},[42,71698,143],{"class":56},[42,71700,71701,71703,71705,71707],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,71702,284],{"class":52},[42,71704,57],{"class":56},[42,71706,3984],{"class":125},[42,71708,143],{"class":56},[14,71710,2395],{},[33,71712,71714],{"className":35,"code":71713,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[17,71715,71716,71720],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71717,71718],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71719,71586],{"class":2348},[42,71721,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732,71734],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71723,4238],{"class":56},[42,71725,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71727,70],{"class":56},[42,71729,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71731,70],{"class":56},[42,71733,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71735,3970],{"class":56},[33,71737,71739],{"className":35,"code":71738,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,71740,71741,71765,71769,71783],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71742,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71744,3952],{"class":114},[42,71746,88],{"class":87},[42,71748,3957],{"class":56},[42,71750,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71752,70],{"class":56},[42,71754,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71756,70],{"class":56},[42,71758,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71760,70],{"class":56},[42,71762,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71764,3970],{"class":56},[42,71766,71767],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71768,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,71770,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779,71781],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,71772,3984],{"class":114},[42,71774,122],{"class":56},[42,71776,35154],{"class":125},[42,71778,57],{"class":56},[42,71780,16112],{"class":2348},[42,71782,143],{"class":56},[42,71784,71785,71787,71789,71791],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,71786,284],{"class":52},[42,71788,57],{"class":56},[42,71790,3984],{"class":125},[42,71792,143],{"class":56},[14,71794,2395],{},[33,71796,71798],{"className":35,"code":71797,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[17,71799,71800],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71801,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71803,4238],{"class":56},[42,71805,2659],{"class":2348},[42,71807,70],{"class":56},[42,71809,8144],{"class":2348},[42,71811,70],{"class":56},[42,71813,8139],{"class":2348},[42,71815,3970],{"class":56},[14,71817,71818,71819,71822,71823,122],{},"In the first example, ",[17,71820,71821],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[17,71824,3320],{},[14,71826,56969,71827,71830,71831,122],{},[17,71828,71829],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[17,71832,16112],{},[14,71834,71835,71836,122],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[693,71837,55432],{"href":55431},[28,71839,1929],{"id":1928},[14,71841,71842,71843,1935],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[17,71844,13119],{},[167,71846,71847,71850,71853,71859,71863],{},[170,71848,71849],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[170,71851,71852],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[170,71854,37565,71855,9054,71857],{},[17,71856,13119],{},[17,71858,55893],{},[170,71860,8803,71861,62336],{},[17,71862,13119],{},[170,71864,71865],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71867,71868],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[33,71870,71872],{"className":35,"code":71871,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[17,71873,71874,71884,71898,71912,71930],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,71875,71876,71878,71880,71882],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,71877,284],{"class":52},[42,71879,57],{"class":56},[42,71881,8689],{"class":125},[42,71883,143],{"class":56},[42,71885,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,71887,284],{"class":52},[42,71889,57],{"class":56},[42,71891,11515],{"class":52},[42,71893,57],{"class":56},[42,71895,8689],{"class":125},[42,71897,842],{"class":56},[42,71899,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,71901,284],{"class":52},[42,71903,57],{"class":56},[42,71905,8689],{"class":125},[42,71907,122],{"class":56},[42,71909,26599],{"class":125},[42,71911,584],{"class":56},[42,71913,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,71915,284],{"class":52},[42,71917,57],{"class":56},[42,71919,8689],{"class":125},[42,71921,122],{"class":56},[42,71923,26599],{"class":125},[42,71925,57],{"class":56},[42,71927,2445],{"class":2348},[42,71929,842],{"class":56},[42,71931,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,71933,284],{"class":52},[42,71935,57],{"class":56},[42,71937,835],{"class":834},[42,71939,57],{"class":56},[42,71941,36205],{"class":125},[42,71943,842],{"class":56},[14,71945,71946],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[167,71948,71949,71955],{},[170,71950,71951,71954],{},[17,71952,71953],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[170,71956,71957,71960],{},[17,71958,71959],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71962,71963,71964,71967],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[17,71965,71966],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[28,71969,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,71971,71973],{"id":71972},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71975,71976,71977,71979],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[17,71978,13119],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1073,71981,71983],{"id":71982},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71985,71986,71988,71989,71991,71992,122],{},[17,71987,13119],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[17,71990,55893],{}," removes by value and returns ",[17,71993,4115],{},[1073,71995,71997],{"id":71996},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71999,72000,72001,72004],{},"Yes. For example, ",[17,72002,72003],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1073,72006,72008],{"id":72007},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,72010,72011,72012,72014],{},"Python raises ",[17,72013,71093],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[28,72016,2205],{"id":2204},[167,72018,72019,72023,72028,72033,72038],{},[170,72020,72021],{},[693,72022,55879],{"href":55431},[170,72024,72025],{},[693,72026,72027],{"href":55436},"Python list remove() method",[170,72029,72030],{},[693,72031,72032],{"href":59330},"Python list index() method",[170,72034,72035],{},[693,72036,72037],{"href":51342},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[170,72039,72040],{},[693,72041,69623],{"href":69622},[2245,72043,72044],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":72046},[72047,72048,72049,72050,72051,72052,72053,72058,72064,72065,72071],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":70223,"depth":111,"text":70224},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":70533,"depth":111,"text":70534},{"id":70661,"depth":111,"text":70662},{"id":70932,"depth":111,"text":70933},{"id":71079,"depth":111,"text":71080,"children":72054},[72055,72056,72057],{"id":71083,"depth":132,"text":71084},{"id":71221,"depth":132,"text":71222},{"id":71404,"depth":132,"text":71405},{"id":71601,"depth":111,"text":71602,"children":72059},[72060,72062],{"id":71608,"depth":132,"text":72061},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71624,"depth":132,"text":72063},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":72066},[72067,72068,72069,72070],{"id":71972,"depth":132,"text":71973},{"id":71982,"depth":132,"text":71983},{"id":71996,"depth":132,"text":71997},{"id":72007,"depth":132,"text":72008},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":70090,"description":72072},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":72079,"title":72080,"body":72081,"description":73867,"extension":2285,"meta":73868,"navigation":2287,"path":73869,"seo":73870,"stem":73871,"__hash__":73872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":72082,"toc":73849},[72083,72086,72091,72097,72099,72169,72175,72179,72184,72205,72208,72275,72277,72298,72306,72308,72327,72343,72345,72410,72412,72437,72439,72441,72506,72508,72533,72535,72549,72552,72605,72607,72628,72632,72640,72713,72715,72748,72754,72760,72851,72853,72878,72884,72973,72975,72999,73001,73005,73060,73062,73094,73097,73100,73194,73196,73229,73235,73241,73245,73252,73278,73282,73347,73349,73374,73378,73459,73461,73490,73495,73500,73506,73510,73517,73539,73543,73602,73604,73628,73637,73642,73644,73648,73677,73679,73754,73757,73771,73777,73779,73783,73786,73790,73795,73799,73808,73812,73820,73822,73846],[10,72084,72080],{"id":72085},"python-list-remove-method",[14,72087,2303,72088,72090],{},[17,72089,55439],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,72092,72093,72094,72096],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[177,72095,2803],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[28,72098,31],{"id":30},[33,72100,72102],{"className":35,"code":72101,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[17,72103,72104,72136,72154,72164],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72105,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72107,8128],{"class":114},[42,72109,88],{"class":87},[42,72111,3957],{"class":56},[42,72113,61],{"class":60},[42,72115,4418],{"class":64},[42,72117,61],{"class":60},[42,72119,70],{"class":56},[42,72121,73],{"class":60},[42,72123,4427],{"class":64},[42,72125,61],{"class":60},[42,72127,70],{"class":56},[42,72129,73],{"class":60},[42,72131,33581],{"class":64},[42,72133,61],{"class":60},[42,72135,3970],{"class":56},[42,72137,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72139,8159],{"class":114},[42,72141,122],{"class":56},[42,72143,35154],{"class":125},[42,72145,57],{"class":56},[42,72147,61],{"class":60},[42,72149,4427],{"class":64},[42,72151,61],{"class":60},[42,72153,143],{"class":56},[42,72155,72156,72158,72160,72162],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72157,284],{"class":52},[42,72159,57],{"class":56},[42,72161,8159],{"class":125},[42,72163,143],{"class":56},[42,72165,72166],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,72167,72168],{"class":525},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,72170,146,72171,72174],{},[17,72172,72173],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[28,72176,72178],{"id":72177},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,72180,72181,72183],{},[17,72182,55893],{}," is a list method that:",[167,72185,72186,72192,72197,72202],{},[170,72187,72188,72189,72191],{},"Deletes the ",[177,72190,30268],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[170,72193,72194,72195],{},"Changes the original list ",[177,72196,11688],{},[170,72198,13060,72199,72201],{},[177,72200,179],{}," return a new list",[170,72203,72204],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,72206,72207],{},"This is important for beginners:",[33,72209,72211],{"className":35,"code":72210,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,72212,72213,72233,72251,72255,72265],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72214,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72216,3952],{"class":114},[42,72218,88],{"class":87},[42,72220,3957],{"class":56},[42,72222,3320],{"class":2348},[42,72224,70],{"class":56},[42,72226,3325],{"class":2348},[42,72228,70],{"class":56},[42,72230,2781],{"class":2348},[42,72232,3970],{"class":56},[42,72234,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72236,2555],{"class":114},[42,72238,88],{"class":87},[42,72240,4603],{"class":114},[42,72242,122],{"class":56},[42,72244,35154],{"class":125},[42,72246,57],{"class":56},[42,72248,2381],{"class":2348},[42,72250,143],{"class":56},[42,72252,72253],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72254,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,72256,72257,72259,72261,72263],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,72258,284],{"class":52},[42,72260,57],{"class":56},[42,72262,3984],{"class":125},[42,72264,143],{"class":56},[42,72266,72267,72269,72271,72273],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,72268,284],{"class":52},[42,72270,57],{"class":56},[42,72272,2592],{"class":125},[42,72274,143],{"class":56},[14,72276,2395],{},[33,72278,72280],{"className":35,"code":72279,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[17,72281,72282,72294],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72283,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72285,4238],{"class":56},[42,72287,3320],{"class":2348},[42,72289,70],{"class":56},[42,72291,2781],{"class":2348},[42,72293,3970],{"class":56},[42,72295,72296],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72297,12163],{"class":4190},[14,72299,72300,72301,72303,72304,122],{},"The list changed, but ",[17,72302,55893],{}," itself returned ",[17,72305,4115],{},[28,72307,5775],{"id":5774},[33,72309,72311],{"className":35,"code":72310,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list.remove(value)\n",[17,72312,72313],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72314,72315,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72316,8443],{"class":834},[42,72318,122],{"class":56},[42,72320,35154],{"class":125},[42,72322,57],{"class":56},[42,72324,2803],{"class":125},[42,72326,143],{"class":56},[167,72328,72329,72334,72337],{},[170,72330,72331,72333],{},[17,72332,2803],{}," is the item you want to delete",[170,72335,72336],{},"Python searches from left to right",[170,72338,72339,72340,72342],{},"Only the ",[177,72341,30268],{}," matching value is removed",[14,72344,219],{},[33,72346,72348],{"className":35,"code":72347,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,72349,72350,72382,72400],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72351,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72353,36450],{"class":114},[42,72355,88],{"class":87},[42,72357,3957],{"class":56},[42,72359,61],{"class":60},[42,72361,693],{"class":64},[42,72363,61],{"class":60},[42,72365,70],{"class":56},[42,72367,73],{"class":60},[42,72369,5102],{"class":64},[42,72371,61],{"class":60},[42,72373,70],{"class":56},[42,72375,73],{"class":60},[42,72377,10090],{"class":64},[42,72379,61],{"class":60},[42,72381,3970],{"class":56},[42,72383,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72385,36503],{"class":114},[42,72387,122],{"class":56},[42,72389,35154],{"class":125},[42,72391,57],{"class":56},[42,72393,61],{"class":60},[42,72395,5102],{"class":64},[42,72397,61],{"class":60},[42,72399,143],{"class":56},[42,72401,72402,72404,72406,72408],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72403,284],{"class":52},[42,72405,57],{"class":56},[42,72407,36503],{"class":125},[42,72409,143],{"class":56},[14,72411,2395],{},[33,72413,72415],{"className":35,"code":72414,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['a', 'c']\n",[17,72416,72417],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72418,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433,72435],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72420,4238],{"class":56},[42,72422,868],{"class":60},[42,72424,693],{"class":64},[42,72426,868],{"class":60},[42,72428,70],{"class":56},[42,72430,862],{"class":60},[42,72432,10090],{"class":64},[42,72434,868],{"class":60},[42,72436,3970],{"class":56},[28,72438,6132],{"id":6131},[14,72440,65538],{},[33,72442,72444],{"className":35,"code":72443,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,72445,72446,72478,72496],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72447,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72449,13433],{"class":114},[42,72451,88],{"class":87},[42,72453,3957],{"class":56},[42,72455,61],{"class":60},[42,72457,13450],{"class":64},[42,72459,61],{"class":60},[42,72461,70],{"class":56},[42,72463,73],{"class":60},[42,72465,13467],{"class":64},[42,72467,61],{"class":60},[42,72469,70],{"class":56},[42,72471,73],{"class":60},[42,72473,17814],{"class":64},[42,72475,61],{"class":60},[42,72477,3970],{"class":56},[42,72479,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72481,17861],{"class":114},[42,72483,122],{"class":56},[42,72485,35154],{"class":125},[42,72487,57],{"class":56},[42,72489,61],{"class":60},[42,72491,13467],{"class":64},[42,72493,61],{"class":60},[42,72495,143],{"class":56},[42,72497,72498,72500,72502,72504],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72499,284],{"class":52},[42,72501,57],{"class":56},[42,72503,17861],{"class":125},[42,72505,143],{"class":56},[14,72507,2395],{},[33,72509,72511],{"className":35,"code":72510,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['red', 'green']\n",[17,72512,72513],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72514,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72516,4238],{"class":56},[42,72518,868],{"class":60},[42,72520,13450],{"class":64},[42,72522,868],{"class":60},[42,72524,70],{"class":56},[42,72526,862],{"class":60},[42,72528,17814],{"class":64},[42,72530,868],{"class":60},[42,72532,3970],{"class":56},[14,72534,12038],{},[167,72536,72537,72540,72546],{},[170,72538,72539],{},"A list is created with three values",[170,72541,72542,72545],{},[17,72543,72544],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[170,72547,72548],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,72550,72551],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[33,72553,72555],{"className":35,"code":72554,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[17,72556,72557,72581,72595],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72558,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72560,5406],{"class":114},[42,72562,88],{"class":87},[42,72564,3957],{"class":56},[42,72566,2659],{"class":2348},[42,72568,70],{"class":56},[42,72570,8139],{"class":2348},[42,72572,70],{"class":56},[42,72574,8144],{"class":2348},[42,72576,70],{"class":56},[42,72578,51206],{"class":2348},[42,72580,3970],{"class":56},[42,72582,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72584,16747],{"class":114},[42,72586,122],{"class":56},[42,72588,35154],{"class":125},[42,72590,57],{"class":56},[42,72592,37202],{"class":2348},[42,72594,143],{"class":56},[42,72596,72597,72599,72601,72603],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72598,284],{"class":52},[42,72600,57],{"class":56},[42,72602,16747],{"class":125},[42,72604,143],{"class":56},[14,72606,2395],{},[33,72608,72610],{"className":35,"code":72609,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[17,72611,72612],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72615,4238],{"class":56},[42,72617,2659],{"class":2348},[42,72619,70],{"class":56},[42,72621,8139],{"class":2348},[42,72623,70],{"class":56},[42,72625,51206],{"class":2348},[42,72627,3970],{"class":56},[28,72629,72631],{"id":72630},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,72633,65528,72634,72636,72637,72639],{},[17,72635,55893],{}," deletes only the ",[177,72638,30268],{}," one.",[33,72641,72643],{"className":35,"code":72642,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,72644,72645,72685,72703],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72646,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72648,8128],{"class":114},[42,72650,88],{"class":87},[42,72652,3957],{"class":56},[42,72654,61],{"class":60},[42,72656,4418],{"class":64},[42,72658,61],{"class":60},[42,72660,70],{"class":56},[42,72662,73],{"class":60},[42,72664,4427],{"class":64},[42,72666,61],{"class":60},[42,72668,70],{"class":56},[42,72670,73],{"class":60},[42,72672,4418],{"class":64},[42,72674,61],{"class":60},[42,72676,70],{"class":56},[42,72678,73],{"class":60},[42,72680,33581],{"class":64},[42,72682,61],{"class":60},[42,72684,3970],{"class":56},[42,72686,72687,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72688,8159],{"class":114},[42,72690,122],{"class":56},[42,72692,35154],{"class":125},[42,72694,57],{"class":56},[42,72696,61],{"class":60},[42,72698,4418],{"class":64},[42,72700,61],{"class":60},[42,72702,143],{"class":56},[42,72704,72705,72707,72709,72711],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72706,284],{"class":52},[42,72708,57],{"class":56},[42,72710,8159],{"class":125},[42,72712,143],{"class":56},[14,72714,2395],{},[33,72716,72718],{"className":35,"code":72717,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[17,72719,72720],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72721,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72723,4238],{"class":56},[42,72725,868],{"class":60},[42,72727,4427],{"class":64},[42,72729,868],{"class":60},[42,72731,70],{"class":56},[42,72733,862],{"class":60},[42,72735,4418],{"class":64},[42,72737,868],{"class":60},[42,72739,70],{"class":56},[42,72741,862],{"class":60},[42,72743,33581],{"class":64},[42,72745,868],{"class":60},[42,72747,3970],{"class":56},[14,72749,72750,72751,72753],{},"Only the first ",[17,72752,58198],{}," was removed.",[14,72755,72756,72757,72759],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[17,72758,55893],{}," again:",[33,72761,72763],{"className":35,"code":72762,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,72764,72765,72805,72823,72841],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72766,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72768,8128],{"class":114},[42,72770,88],{"class":87},[42,72772,3957],{"class":56},[42,72774,61],{"class":60},[42,72776,4418],{"class":64},[42,72778,61],{"class":60},[42,72780,70],{"class":56},[42,72782,73],{"class":60},[42,72784,4427],{"class":64},[42,72786,61],{"class":60},[42,72788,70],{"class":56},[42,72790,73],{"class":60},[42,72792,4418],{"class":64},[42,72794,61],{"class":60},[42,72796,70],{"class":56},[42,72798,73],{"class":60},[42,72800,33581],{"class":64},[42,72802,61],{"class":60},[42,72804,3970],{"class":56},[42,72806,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72808,8159],{"class":114},[42,72810,122],{"class":56},[42,72812,35154],{"class":125},[42,72814,57],{"class":56},[42,72816,61],{"class":60},[42,72818,4418],{"class":64},[42,72820,61],{"class":60},[42,72822,143],{"class":56},[42,72824,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72826,8159],{"class":114},[42,72828,122],{"class":56},[42,72830,35154],{"class":125},[42,72832,57],{"class":56},[42,72834,61],{"class":60},[42,72836,4418],{"class":64},[42,72838,61],{"class":60},[42,72840,143],{"class":56},[42,72842,72843,72845,72847,72849],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,72844,284],{"class":52},[42,72846,57],{"class":56},[42,72848,8159],{"class":125},[42,72850,143],{"class":56},[14,72852,2395],{},[33,72854,72856],{"className":35,"code":72855,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[17,72857,72858],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72859,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72861,4238],{"class":56},[42,72863,868],{"class":60},[42,72865,4427],{"class":64},[42,72867,868],{"class":60},[42,72869,70],{"class":56},[42,72871,862],{"class":60},[42,72873,33581],{"class":64},[42,72875,868],{"class":60},[42,72877,3970],{"class":56},[14,72879,72880,72881,72883],{},"If you need to remove ",[177,72882,4052],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[33,72885,72887],{"className":35,"code":72886,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[17,72888,72889,72929,72963],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72890,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72892,8128],{"class":114},[42,72894,88],{"class":87},[42,72896,3957],{"class":56},[42,72898,61],{"class":60},[42,72900,4418],{"class":64},[42,72902,61],{"class":60},[42,72904,70],{"class":56},[42,72906,73],{"class":60},[42,72908,4427],{"class":64},[42,72910,61],{"class":60},[42,72912,70],{"class":56},[42,72914,73],{"class":60},[42,72916,4418],{"class":64},[42,72918,61],{"class":60},[42,72920,70],{"class":56},[42,72922,73],{"class":60},[42,72924,33581],{"class":64},[42,72926,61],{"class":60},[42,72928,3970],{"class":56},[42,72930,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945,72948,72950,72952,72955,72957,72959,72961],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,72932,8128],{"class":114},[42,72934,88],{"class":87},[42,72936,3957],{"class":56},[42,72938,28897],{"class":114},[42,72940,6303],{"class":48},[42,72942,6306],{"class":114},[42,72944,1299],{"class":48},[42,72946,72947],{"class":114}," items ",[42,72949,7345],{"class":48},[42,72951,6306],{"class":114},[42,72953,72954],{"class":87},"!=",[42,72956,73],{"class":60},[42,72958,4418],{"class":64},[42,72960,61],{"class":60},[42,72962,3970],{"class":56},[42,72964,72965,72967,72969,72971],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,72966,284],{"class":52},[42,72968,57],{"class":56},[42,72970,8159],{"class":125},[42,72972,143],{"class":56},[14,72974,2395],{},[33,72976,72977],{"className":35,"code":72855,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,72978,72979],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,72980,72981,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,72982,4238],{"class":56},[42,72984,868],{"class":60},[42,72986,4427],{"class":64},[42,72988,868],{"class":60},[42,72990,70],{"class":56},[42,72992,862],{"class":60},[42,72994,33581],{"class":64},[42,72996,868],{"class":60},[42,72998,3970],{"class":56},[28,73000,65994],{"id":65993},[14,73002,65997,73003,122],{},[17,73004,41067],{},[33,73006,73008],{"className":35,"code":73007,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[17,73009,73010,73042],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73011,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73013,8128],{"class":114},[42,73015,88],{"class":87},[42,73017,3957],{"class":56},[42,73019,61],{"class":60},[42,73021,4418],{"class":64},[42,73023,61],{"class":60},[42,73025,70],{"class":56},[42,73027,73],{"class":60},[42,73029,4427],{"class":64},[42,73031,61],{"class":60},[42,73033,70],{"class":56},[42,73035,73],{"class":60},[42,73037,33581],{"class":64},[42,73039,61],{"class":60},[42,73041,3970],{"class":56},[42,73043,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73045,8159],{"class":114},[42,73047,122],{"class":56},[42,73049,35154],{"class":125},[42,73051,57],{"class":56},[42,73053,61],{"class":60},[42,73055,22890],{"class":64},[42,73057,61],{"class":60},[42,73059,143],{"class":56},[14,73061,2395],{},[33,73063,73065],{"className":35,"code":73064,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[17,73066,73067],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73068,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73070,41067],{"class":834},[42,73072,1935],{"class":56},[42,73074,22917],{"class":834},[42,73076,122],{"class":56},[42,73078,35154],{"class":125},[42,73080,57],{"class":56},[42,73082,2498],{"class":125},[42,73084,16810],{"class":56},[42,73086,4218],{"class":114},[42,73088,179],{"class":87},[42,73090,21531],{"class":87},[42,73092,73093],{"class":834}," list\n",[14,73095,73096],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,73098,73099],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[33,73101,73103],{"className":35,"code":73102,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,73104,73105,73137,73149,73153,73165,73180,73184],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73106,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73108,8128],{"class":114},[42,73110,88],{"class":87},[42,73112,3957],{"class":56},[42,73114,61],{"class":60},[42,73116,4418],{"class":64},[42,73118,61],{"class":60},[42,73120,70],{"class":56},[42,73122,73],{"class":60},[42,73124,4427],{"class":64},[42,73126,61],{"class":60},[42,73128,70],{"class":56},[42,73130,73],{"class":60},[42,73132,33581],{"class":64},[42,73134,61],{"class":60},[42,73136,3970],{"class":56},[42,73138,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73140,2776],{"class":114},[42,73142,88],{"class":87},[42,73144,73],{"class":60},[42,73146,22890],{"class":64},[42,73148,3689],{"class":60},[42,73150,73151],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,73152,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,73154,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,73156,7345],{"class":48},[42,73158,21942],{"class":114},[42,73160,1299],{"class":87},[42,73162,6311],{"class":114},[42,73164,108],{"class":56},[42,73166,73167,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,73168,73169],{"class":114},"    items",[42,73171,122],{"class":56},[42,73173,35154],{"class":125},[42,73175,57],{"class":56},[42,73177,2803],{"class":125},[42,73179,143],{"class":56},[42,73181,73182],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,73183,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,73185,73186,73188,73190,73192],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,73187,284],{"class":52},[42,73189,57],{"class":56},[42,73191,8159],{"class":125},[42,73193,143],{"class":56},[14,73195,2395],{},[33,73197,73199],{"className":35,"code":73198,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[17,73200,73201],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73202,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73204,4238],{"class":56},[42,73206,868],{"class":60},[42,73208,4418],{"class":64},[42,73210,868],{"class":60},[42,73212,70],{"class":56},[42,73214,862],{"class":60},[42,73216,4427],{"class":64},[42,73218,868],{"class":60},[42,73220,70],{"class":56},[42,73222,862],{"class":60},[42,73224,33581],{"class":64},[42,73226,868],{"class":60},[42,73228,3970],{"class":56},[14,73230,73231,73232,73234],{},"This avoids the error because ",[17,73233,55893],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,73236,73237,73238,122],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[693,73239,66203],{"href":73240},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[28,73242,73244],{"id":73243},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,73246,73247,1753,73249,73251],{},[17,73248,55893],{},[17,73250,13119],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[167,73253,73254,73261,73267,73273],{},[170,73255,73256,73258,73259],{},[17,73257,55893],{}," deletes by ",[177,73260,2803],{},[170,73262,73263,73258,73265],{},[17,73264,13119],{},[177,73266,36205],{},[170,73268,73269,2726,73271],{},[17,73270,55893],{},[17,73272,4115],{},[170,73274,73275,73277],{},[17,73276,13119],{}," returns the removed item",[14,73279,46403,73280,1935],{},[17,73281,55893],{},[33,73283,73285],{"className":35,"code":73284,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[17,73286,73287,73319,73337],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73288,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73290,8128],{"class":114},[42,73292,88],{"class":87},[42,73294,3957],{"class":56},[42,73296,61],{"class":60},[42,73298,4418],{"class":64},[42,73300,61],{"class":60},[42,73302,70],{"class":56},[42,73304,73],{"class":60},[42,73306,4427],{"class":64},[42,73308,61],{"class":60},[42,73310,70],{"class":56},[42,73312,73],{"class":60},[42,73314,33581],{"class":64},[42,73316,61],{"class":60},[42,73318,3970],{"class":56},[42,73320,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73322,8159],{"class":114},[42,73324,122],{"class":56},[42,73326,35154],{"class":125},[42,73328,57],{"class":56},[42,73330,61],{"class":60},[42,73332,4427],{"class":64},[42,73334,61],{"class":60},[42,73336,143],{"class":56},[42,73338,73339,73341,73343,73345],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,73340,284],{"class":52},[42,73342,57],{"class":56},[42,73344,8159],{"class":125},[42,73346,143],{"class":56},[14,73348,2395],{},[33,73350,73352],{"className":35,"code":73351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[17,73353,73354],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73355,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73357,4238],{"class":56},[42,73359,868],{"class":60},[42,73361,4418],{"class":64},[42,73363,868],{"class":60},[42,73365,70],{"class":56},[42,73367,862],{"class":60},[42,73369,33581],{"class":64},[42,73371,868],{"class":60},[42,73373,3970],{"class":56},[14,73375,46403,73376,1935],{},[17,73377,13119],{},[33,73379,73381],{"className":35,"code":73380,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[17,73382,73383,73415,73434,73438,73448],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73384,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395,73397,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73386,8128],{"class":114},[42,73388,88],{"class":87},[42,73390,3957],{"class":56},[42,73392,61],{"class":60},[42,73394,4418],{"class":64},[42,73396,61],{"class":60},[42,73398,70],{"class":56},[42,73400,73],{"class":60},[42,73402,4427],{"class":64},[42,73404,61],{"class":60},[42,73406,70],{"class":56},[42,73408,73],{"class":60},[42,73410,33581],{"class":64},[42,73412,61],{"class":60},[42,73414,3970],{"class":56},[42,73416,73417,73420,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73418,73419],{"class":114},"removed_item ",[42,73421,88],{"class":87},[42,73423,6311],{"class":114},[42,73425,122],{"class":56},[42,73427,26599],{"class":125},[42,73429,57],{"class":56},[42,73431,3320],{"class":2348},[42,73433,143],{"class":56},[42,73435,73436],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,73437,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,73439,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,73441,284],{"class":52},[42,73443,57],{"class":56},[42,73445,8159],{"class":125},[42,73447,143],{"class":56},[42,73449,73450,73452,73454,73457],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,73451,284],{"class":52},[42,73453,57],{"class":56},[42,73455,73456],{"class":125},"removed_item",[42,73458,143],{"class":56},[14,73460,2395],{},[33,73462,73464],{"className":35,"code":73463,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[17,73465,73466,73486],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73467,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73469,4238],{"class":56},[42,73471,868],{"class":60},[42,73473,4418],{"class":64},[42,73475,868],{"class":60},[42,73477,70],{"class":56},[42,73479,862],{"class":60},[42,73481,33581],{"class":64},[42,73483,868],{"class":60},[42,73485,3970],{"class":56},[42,73487,73488],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73489,70768],{"class":114},[14,73491,146,73492,73494],{},[17,73493,55893],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,73496,146,73497,73499],{},[17,73498,13119],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,73501,73502,73503,122],{},"For more detail, see the ",[693,73504,73505],{"href":55443},"Python list pop() method",[28,73507,73509],{"id":73508},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,73511,73512,1753,73514,73516],{},[17,73513,55893],{},[17,73515,27383],{}," are also different.",[167,73518,73519,73524,73529,73534],{},[170,73520,73521,73523],{},[17,73522,55893],{}," deletes by matching value",[170,73525,73526,73528],{},[17,73527,27383],{}," deletes by index or slice",[170,73530,146,73531,73533],{},[17,73532,27383],{}," when you know the position",[170,73535,146,73536,73538],{},[17,73537,55893],{}," when you know the item value",[14,73540,46403,73541,1935],{},[17,73542,27383],{},[33,73544,73546],{"className":35,"code":73545,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[17,73547,73548,73580,73592],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73549,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73551,8128],{"class":114},[42,73553,88],{"class":87},[42,73555,3957],{"class":56},[42,73557,61],{"class":60},[42,73559,4418],{"class":64},[42,73561,61],{"class":60},[42,73563,70],{"class":56},[42,73565,73],{"class":60},[42,73567,4427],{"class":64},[42,73569,61],{"class":60},[42,73571,70],{"class":56},[42,73573,73],{"class":60},[42,73575,33581],{"class":64},[42,73577,61],{"class":60},[42,73579,3970],{"class":56},[42,73581,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73583,27383],{"class":48},[42,73585,6311],{"class":114},[42,73587,4238],{"class":56},[42,73589,3320],{"class":2348},[42,73591,3970],{"class":56},[42,73593,73594,73596,73598,73600],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,73595,284],{"class":52},[42,73597,57],{"class":56},[42,73599,8159],{"class":125},[42,73601,143],{"class":56},[14,73603,2395],{},[33,73605,73606],{"className":35,"code":73351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,73607,73608],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73609,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73611,4238],{"class":56},[42,73613,868],{"class":60},[42,73615,4418],{"class":64},[42,73617,868],{"class":60},[42,73619,70],{"class":56},[42,73621,862],{"class":60},[42,73623,33581],{"class":64},[42,73625,868],{"class":60},[42,73627,3970],{"class":56},[14,73629,73630,73631,73633,73634,73636],{},"This removed the item at index ",[17,73632,3320],{},", not the value ",[17,73635,65638],{}," directly.",[14,73638,73639,73640,122],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[693,73641,55432],{"href":55431},[28,73643,1929],{"id":1928},[14,73645,21569,73646,1935],{},[17,73647,55893],{},[167,73649,73650,73653,73658,73665,73674],{},[170,73651,73652],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[170,73654,8803,73655,73657],{},[17,73656,55893],{}," to delete all matching values",[170,73659,12950,73660,73662,73663],{},[17,73661,55893],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[17,73664,4115],{},[170,73666,1940,73667,44992,73669,1327,73671,73673],{},[17,73668,55893],{},[17,73670,13119],{},[17,73672,27383],{}," would be a better fit",[170,73675,73676],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,73678,71868],{},[33,73680,73682],{"className":35,"code":73681,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[17,73683,73684,73694,73708,73726,73740],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73685,73686,73688,73690,73692],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73687,284],{"class":52},[42,73689,57],{"class":56},[42,73691,8689],{"class":125},[42,73693,143],{"class":56},[42,73695,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73697,284],{"class":52},[42,73699,57],{"class":56},[42,73701,2776],{"class":125},[42,73703,1299],{"class":48},[42,73705,8746],{"class":125},[42,73707,143],{"class":56},[42,73709,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,73711,284],{"class":52},[42,73713,57],{"class":56},[42,73715,8689],{"class":125},[42,73717,122],{"class":56},[42,73719,41622],{"class":125},[42,73721,57],{"class":56},[42,73723,2803],{"class":125},[42,73725,842],{"class":56},[42,73727,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736,73738],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,73729,284],{"class":52},[42,73731,57],{"class":56},[42,73733,835],{"class":834},[42,73735,57],{"class":56},[42,73737,8689],{"class":125},[42,73739,842],{"class":56},[42,73741,73742,73744,73746,73748,73750,73752],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,73743,32512],{"class":52},[42,73745,57],{"class":56},[42,73747,8443],{"class":834},[42,73749,122],{"class":56},[42,73751,35154],{"class":2022},[42,73753,143],{"class":56},[14,73755,73756],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[167,73758,73759,73762,73765,73768],{},[170,73760,73761],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[170,73763,73764],{},"How many times does it appear?",[170,73766,73767],{},"Am I working with a list?",[170,73769,73770],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73772,73773,73774,73776],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[693,73775,72032],{"href":59330}," may also help.",[28,73778,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,73780,73782],{"id":73781},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73784,73785],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1073,73787,73789],{"id":73788},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73791,5491,73792,73794],{},[17,73793,4115],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1073,73796,73798],{"id":73797},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73800,73801,73802,73805,73806,122],{},"Check with ",[17,73803,73804],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[17,73807,55893],{},[1073,73809,73811],{"id":73810},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73813,146,73814,73816,73817,73819],{},[17,73815,55893],{}," for a value and ",[17,73818,13119],{}," for an index.",[28,73821,2205],{"id":2204},[167,73823,73824,73828,73832,73836,73840],{},[170,73825,73826],{},[693,73827,55879],{"href":55431},[170,73829,73830],{},[693,73831,73505],{"href":55443},[170,73833,73834],{},[693,73835,72032],{"href":59330},[170,73837,73838],{},[693,73839,66203],{"href":73240},[170,73841,73842],{},[693,73843,73845],{"href":73844},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2245,73847,73848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":73850},[73851,73852,73853,73854,73855,73856,73857,73858,73859,73860,73866],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":72177,"depth":111,"text":72178},{"id":5774,"depth":111,"text":5775},{"id":6131,"depth":111,"text":6132},{"id":72630,"depth":111,"text":72631},{"id":65993,"depth":111,"text":65994},{"id":73243,"depth":111,"text":73244},{"id":73508,"depth":111,"text":73509},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":73861},[73862,73863,73864,73865],{"id":73781,"depth":132,"text":73782},{"id":73788,"depth":132,"text":73789},{"id":73797,"depth":132,"text":73798},{"id":73810,"depth":132,"text":73811},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":72080,"description":73867},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73874,"title":73875,"body":73876,"description":75767,"extension":2285,"meta":75768,"navigation":2287,"path":75769,"seo":75770,"stem":75771,"__hash__":75772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73877,"toc":75737},[73878,73884,73890,73893,73904,73906,73955,73960,73965,73969,73984,73986,74051,74053,74094,74096,74098,74113,74115,74126,74128,74185,74187,74220,74222,74225,74274,74276,74301,74303,74319,74325,74332,74393,74395,74428,74433,74436,74516,74518,74579,74585,74589,74592,74656,74658,74683,74685,74705,74707,74756,74758,74779,74788,74791,74795,74800,74845,74847,74868,74874,74879,74887,74951,74953,74990,74996,75000,75007,75072,75074,75111,75115,75132,75142,75147,75152,75163,75170,75172,75178,75201,75204,75231,75236,75239,75340,75342,75397,75400,75507,75509,75580,75583,75609,75611,75616,75620,75628,75633,75638,75644,75649,75653,75656,75673,75676,75696,75704,75706,75734],[10,73879,54706,73881,11676],{"id":73880},"python-list-reverse-method",[17,73882,73883],{},"reverse()",[14,73885,73886,73889],{},[17,73887,73888],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73891,73892],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73894,73895,73896,73898,73899,73903],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[17,73897,73883],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[693,73900,73902],{"href":73901},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[28,73905,3942],{"id":3941},[33,73907,73909],{"className":35,"code":73908,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[17,73910,73911,73931,73942],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73912,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73914,3952],{"class":114},[42,73916,88],{"class":87},[42,73918,3957],{"class":56},[42,73920,3320],{"class":2348},[42,73922,70],{"class":56},[42,73924,3325],{"class":2348},[42,73926,70],{"class":56},[42,73928,2781],{"class":2348},[42,73930,3970],{"class":56},[42,73932,73933,73935,73937,73940],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,73934,3984],{"class":114},[42,73936,122],{"class":56},[42,73938,73939],{"class":125},"reverse",[42,73941,129],{"class":56},[42,73943,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,73945,284],{"class":52},[42,73947,57],{"class":56},[42,73949,3984],{"class":125},[42,73951,98],{"class":56},[42,73953,73954],{"class":525},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73956,73957,73959],{},[17,73958,73883],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[28,73961,4013,73963,4016],{"id":73962},"what-listreverse-does",[17,73964,73888],{},[14,73966,73967,1935],{},[17,73968,73888],{},[167,73970,73971,73974,73977,73981],{},[170,73972,73973],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[170,73975,73976],{},"Changes the original list directly",[170,73978,11778,73979],{},[17,73980,4115],{},[170,73982,73983],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73985,219],{},[33,73987,73989],{"className":35,"code":73988,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[17,73990,73991,74031,74041],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,73992,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027,74029],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,73994,36450],{"class":114},[42,73996,88],{"class":87},[42,73998,3957],{"class":56},[42,74000,61],{"class":60},[42,74002,693],{"class":64},[42,74004,61],{"class":60},[42,74006,70],{"class":56},[42,74008,73],{"class":60},[42,74010,5102],{"class":64},[42,74012,61],{"class":60},[42,74014,70],{"class":56},[42,74016,73],{"class":60},[42,74018,10090],{"class":64},[42,74020,61],{"class":60},[42,74022,70],{"class":56},[42,74024,73],{"class":60},[42,74026,19126],{"class":64},[42,74028,61],{"class":60},[42,74030,3970],{"class":56},[42,74032,74033,74035,74037,74039],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74034,36503],{"class":114},[42,74036,122],{"class":56},[42,74038,73939],{"class":125},[42,74040,129],{"class":56},[42,74042,74043,74045,74047,74049],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74044,284],{"class":52},[42,74046,57],{"class":56},[42,74048,36503],{"class":125},[42,74050,143],{"class":56},[14,74052,2395],{},[33,74054,74056],{"className":35,"code":74055,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[17,74057,74058],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74059,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74061,4238],{"class":56},[42,74063,868],{"class":60},[42,74065,19126],{"class":64},[42,74067,868],{"class":60},[42,74069,70],{"class":56},[42,74071,862],{"class":60},[42,74073,10090],{"class":64},[42,74075,868],{"class":60},[42,74077,70],{"class":56},[42,74079,862],{"class":60},[42,74081,5102],{"class":64},[42,74083,868],{"class":60},[42,74085,70],{"class":56},[42,74087,862],{"class":60},[42,74089,693],{"class":64},[42,74091,868],{"class":60},[42,74093,3970],{"class":56},[28,74095,312],{"id":311},[14,74097,2484],{},[33,74099,74101],{"className":35,"code":74100,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.reverse()\n",[17,74102,74103],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74104,74105,74107,74109,74111],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74106,8689],{"class":114},[42,74108,122],{"class":56},[42,74110,73939],{"class":125},[42,74112,129],{"class":56},[14,74114,13409],{},[167,74116,74117,74120,74123],{},[170,74118,74119],{},"No arguments are needed",[170,74121,74122],{},"You call it on an existing list",[170,74124,74125],{},"It only works on lists",[14,74127,219],{},[33,74129,74131],{"className":35,"code":74130,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[17,74132,74133,74165,74175],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74134,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74136,13433],{"class":114},[42,74138,88],{"class":87},[42,74140,3957],{"class":56},[42,74142,61],{"class":60},[42,74144,13450],{"class":64},[42,74146,61],{"class":60},[42,74148,70],{"class":56},[42,74150,73],{"class":60},[42,74152,17814],{"class":64},[42,74154,61],{"class":60},[42,74156,70],{"class":56},[42,74158,73],{"class":60},[42,74160,13467],{"class":64},[42,74162,61],{"class":60},[42,74164,3970],{"class":56},[42,74166,74167,74169,74171,74173],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74168,17861],{"class":114},[42,74170,122],{"class":56},[42,74172,73939],{"class":125},[42,74174,129],{"class":56},[42,74176,74177,74179,74181,74183],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74178,284],{"class":52},[42,74180,57],{"class":56},[42,74182,17861],{"class":125},[42,74184,143],{"class":56},[14,74186,2395],{},[33,74188,74190],{"className":35,"code":74189,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[17,74191,74192],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74193,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74195,4238],{"class":56},[42,74197,868],{"class":60},[42,74199,13467],{"class":64},[42,74201,868],{"class":60},[42,74203,70],{"class":56},[42,74205,862],{"class":60},[42,74207,17814],{"class":64},[42,74209,868],{"class":60},[42,74211,70],{"class":56},[42,74213,862],{"class":60},[42,74215,13450],{"class":64},[42,74217,868],{"class":60},[42,74219,3970],{"class":56},[28,74221,11829],{"id":11828},[14,74223,74224],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[33,74226,74228],{"className":35,"code":74227,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74229,74230,74254,74264],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74231,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74233,3952],{"class":114},[42,74235,88],{"class":87},[42,74237,3957],{"class":56},[42,74239,2659],{"class":2348},[42,74241,70],{"class":56},[42,74243,8139],{"class":2348},[42,74245,70],{"class":56},[42,74247,8144],{"class":2348},[42,74249,70],{"class":56},[42,74251,51206],{"class":2348},[42,74253,3970],{"class":56},[42,74255,74256,74258,74260,74262],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74257,3984],{"class":114},[42,74259,122],{"class":56},[42,74261,73939],{"class":125},[42,74263,129],{"class":56},[42,74265,74266,74268,74270,74272],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74267,284],{"class":52},[42,74269,57],{"class":56},[42,74271,3984],{"class":125},[42,74273,143],{"class":56},[14,74275,2395],{},[33,74277,74279],{"className":35,"code":74278,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,74280,74281],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74284,4238],{"class":56},[42,74286,57057],{"class":2348},[42,74288,70],{"class":56},[42,74290,8144],{"class":2348},[42,74292,70],{"class":56},[42,74294,8139],{"class":2348},[42,74296,70],{"class":56},[42,74298,6350],{"class":2348},[42,74300,3970],{"class":56},[14,74302,12038],{},[167,74304,74305,74311,74316],{},[170,74306,74307,74308],{},"The list starts as ",[17,74309,74310],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[170,74312,74313,74315],{},[17,74314,73883],{}," flips the order",[170,74317,74318],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[28,74320,74322,74324],{"id":74321},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[17,74323,73883],{}," changes the original list",[14,74326,74327,74328,74331],{},"This method is ",[177,74329,74330],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[33,74333,74335],{"className":35,"code":74334,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,74336,74337,74369,74379,74383],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74338,74339,74341,74343,74345,74347,74349,74351,74353,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74340,36599],{"class":114},[42,74342,88],{"class":87},[42,74344,3957],{"class":56},[42,74346,61],{"class":60},[42,74348,4418],{"class":64},[42,74350,61],{"class":60},[42,74352,70],{"class":56},[42,74354,73],{"class":60},[42,74356,4427],{"class":64},[42,74358,61],{"class":60},[42,74360,70],{"class":56},[42,74362,73],{"class":60},[42,74364,4436],{"class":64},[42,74366,61],{"class":60},[42,74368,3970],{"class":56},[42,74370,74371,74373,74375,74377],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74372,36651],{"class":114},[42,74374,122],{"class":56},[42,74376,73939],{"class":125},[42,74378,129],{"class":56},[42,74380,74381],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74382,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,74384,74385,74387,74389,74391],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,74386,284],{"class":52},[42,74388,57],{"class":56},[42,74390,36651],{"class":125},[42,74392,143],{"class":56},[14,74394,2395],{},[33,74396,74398],{"className":35,"code":74397,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[17,74399,74400],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74401,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74403,4238],{"class":56},[42,74405,868],{"class":60},[42,74407,4436],{"class":64},[42,74409,868],{"class":60},[42,74411,70],{"class":56},[42,74413,862],{"class":60},[42,74415,4427],{"class":64},[42,74417,868],{"class":60},[42,74419,70],{"class":56},[42,74421,862],{"class":60},[42,74423,4418],{"class":64},[42,74425,868],{"class":60},[42,74427,3970],{"class":56},[14,74429,146,74430,74432],{},[17,74431,73883],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,74434,74435],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[33,74437,74439],{"className":35,"code":74438,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[17,74440,74441,74473,74491,74495,74505],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74442,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74444,36599],{"class":114},[42,74446,88],{"class":87},[42,74448,3957],{"class":56},[42,74450,61],{"class":60},[42,74452,4418],{"class":64},[42,74454,61],{"class":60},[42,74456,70],{"class":56},[42,74458,73],{"class":60},[42,74460,4427],{"class":64},[42,74462,61],{"class":60},[42,74464,70],{"class":56},[42,74466,73],{"class":60},[42,74468,4436],{"class":64},[42,74470,61],{"class":60},[42,74472,3970],{"class":56},[42,74474,74475,74478,74480,74482,74485,74487,74489],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74476,74477],{"class":114},"reversed_fruits ",[42,74479,88],{"class":87},[42,74481,53215],{"class":114},[42,74483,74484],{"class":56},"[::",[42,74486,2345],{"class":87},[42,74488,3320],{"class":2348},[42,74490,3970],{"class":56},[42,74492,74493],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74494,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,74496,74497,74499,74501,74503],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,74498,284],{"class":52},[42,74500,57],{"class":56},[42,74502,36651],{"class":125},[42,74504,143],{"class":56},[42,74506,74507,74509,74511,74514],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,74508,284],{"class":52},[42,74510,57],{"class":56},[42,74512,74513],{"class":125},"reversed_fruits",[42,74515,143],{"class":56},[14,74517,2395],{},[33,74519,74521],{"className":35,"code":74520,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[17,74522,74523,74551],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74524,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547,74549],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74526,4238],{"class":56},[42,74528,868],{"class":60},[42,74530,4418],{"class":64},[42,74532,868],{"class":60},[42,74534,70],{"class":56},[42,74536,862],{"class":60},[42,74538,4427],{"class":64},[42,74540,868],{"class":60},[42,74542,70],{"class":56},[42,74544,862],{"class":60},[42,74546,4436],{"class":64},[42,74548,868],{"class":60},[42,74550,3970],{"class":56},[42,74552,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74554,4238],{"class":56},[42,74556,868],{"class":60},[42,74558,4436],{"class":64},[42,74560,868],{"class":60},[42,74562,70],{"class":56},[42,74564,862],{"class":60},[42,74566,4427],{"class":64},[42,74568,868],{"class":60},[42,74570,70],{"class":56},[42,74572,862],{"class":60},[42,74574,4418],{"class":64},[42,74576,868],{"class":60},[42,74578,3970],{"class":56},[14,74580,74581,74582,122],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[693,74583,74584],{"href":73901},"Python list slicing explained",[28,74586,74588],{"id":74587},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,74590,74591],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[33,74593,74595],{"className":35,"code":74594,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74596,74597,74617,74631,74635,74646],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74598,74599,74601,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74600,3952],{"class":114},[42,74602,88],{"class":87},[42,74604,3957],{"class":56},[42,74606,3320],{"class":2348},[42,74608,70],{"class":56},[42,74610,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74612,70],{"class":56},[42,74614,2781],{"class":2348},[42,74616,3970],{"class":56},[42,74618,74619,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74620,56254],{"class":114},[42,74622,88],{"class":87},[42,74624,4603],{"class":114},[42,74626,122],{"class":56},[42,74628,73939],{"class":125},[42,74630,129],{"class":56},[42,74632,74633],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74634,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,74636,74637,74639,74641,74644],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,74638,284],{"class":52},[42,74640,57],{"class":56},[42,74642,74643],{"class":125},"new_list",[42,74645,143],{"class":56},[42,74647,74648,74650,74652,74654],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,74649,284],{"class":52},[42,74651,57],{"class":56},[42,74653,3984],{"class":125},[42,74655,143],{"class":56},[14,74657,2395],{},[33,74659,74661],{"className":35,"code":74660,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,74662,74663,74667],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74664,74665],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74666,12163],{"class":4190},[42,74668,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679,74681],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74670,4238],{"class":56},[42,74672,2387],{"class":2348},[42,74674,70],{"class":56},[42,74676,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74678,70],{"class":56},[42,74680,5842],{"class":2348},[42,74682,3970],{"class":56},[14,74684,12255],{},[167,74686,74687,74695,74699],{},[170,74688,74689,74691,74692,74694],{},[17,74690,73883],{}," changes ",[17,74693,3984],{}," directly",[170,74696,175,74697,72201],{},[177,74698,179],{},[170,74700,54017,74701,42518,74703],{},[17,74702,74643],{},[17,74704,4115],{},[14,74706,62262],{},[33,74708,74710],{"className":35,"code":74709,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74711,74712,74732,74742,74746],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74713,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74715,3952],{"class":114},[42,74717,88],{"class":87},[42,74719,3957],{"class":56},[42,74721,3320],{"class":2348},[42,74723,70],{"class":56},[42,74725,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74727,70],{"class":56},[42,74729,2781],{"class":2348},[42,74731,3970],{"class":56},[42,74733,74734,74736,74738,74740],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74735,3984],{"class":114},[42,74737,122],{"class":56},[42,74739,73939],{"class":125},[42,74741,129],{"class":56},[42,74743,74744],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74745,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,74747,74748,74750,74752,74754],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,74749,284],{"class":52},[42,74751,57],{"class":56},[42,74753,3984],{"class":125},[42,74755,143],{"class":56},[14,74757,2395],{},[33,74759,74761],{"className":35,"code":74760,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,74762,74763],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74764,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74766,4238],{"class":56},[42,74768,2387],{"class":2348},[42,74770,70],{"class":56},[42,74772,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74774,70],{"class":56},[42,74776,5842],{"class":2348},[42,74778,3970],{"class":56},[28,74780,74782,10937,74784,74787],{"id":74781},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[17,74783,73883],{},[17,74785,74786],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74789,74790],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1073,74792,74793],{"id":73939},[17,74794,73883],{},[14,74796,74797,74799],{},[17,74798,73883],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[33,74801,74803],{"className":35,"code":74802,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,74804,74805,74825,74835],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74806,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74808,3952],{"class":114},[42,74810,88],{"class":87},[42,74812,3957],{"class":56},[42,74814,2387],{"class":2348},[42,74816,70],{"class":56},[42,74818,5842],{"class":2348},[42,74820,70],{"class":56},[42,74822,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74824,3970],{"class":56},[42,74826,74827,74829,74831,74833],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74828,3984],{"class":114},[42,74830,122],{"class":56},[42,74832,73939],{"class":125},[42,74834,129],{"class":56},[42,74836,74837,74839,74841,74843],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74838,284],{"class":52},[42,74840,57],{"class":56},[42,74842,3984],{"class":125},[42,74844,143],{"class":56},[14,74846,2395],{},[33,74848,74850],{"className":35,"code":74849,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[17,74851,74852],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74853,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74855,4238],{"class":56},[42,74857,2381],{"class":2348},[42,74859,70],{"class":56},[42,74861,5842],{"class":2348},[42,74863,70],{"class":56},[42,74865,2781],{"class":2348},[42,74867,3970],{"class":56},[14,74869,74870,74871,74873],{},"Notice that this is ",[177,74872,179],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1073,74875,74877],{"id":74876},"sorted",[17,74878,74786],{},[14,74880,74881,74886],{},[693,74882,74884],{"href":74883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[17,74885,74786],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,74888,74890],{"className":35,"code":74889,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,74891,74892,74912,74927,74931,74941],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74893,74894,74896,74898,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74895,3952],{"class":114},[42,74897,88],{"class":87},[42,74899,3957],{"class":56},[42,74901,2387],{"class":2348},[42,74903,70],{"class":56},[42,74905,5842],{"class":2348},[42,74907,70],{"class":56},[42,74909,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74911,3970],{"class":56},[42,74913,74914,74916,74918,74921,74923,74925],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74915,2555],{"class":114},[42,74917,88],{"class":87},[42,74919,74920],{"class":52}," sorted",[42,74922,57],{"class":56},[42,74924,3984],{"class":125},[42,74926,143],{"class":56},[42,74928,74929],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,74930,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,74932,74933,74935,74937,74939],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,74934,284],{"class":52},[42,74936,57],{"class":56},[42,74938,3984],{"class":125},[42,74940,143],{"class":56},[42,74942,74943,74945,74947,74949],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,74944,284],{"class":52},[42,74946,57],{"class":56},[42,74948,2592],{"class":125},[42,74950,143],{"class":56},[14,74952,2395],{},[33,74954,74956],{"className":35,"code":74955,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,74957,74958,74974],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,74959,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,74961,4238],{"class":56},[42,74963,2387],{"class":2348},[42,74965,70],{"class":56},[42,74967,5842],{"class":2348},[42,74969,70],{"class":56},[42,74971,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74973,3970],{"class":56},[42,74975,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,74977,4238],{"class":56},[42,74979,3320],{"class":2348},[42,74981,70],{"class":56},[42,74983,3325],{"class":2348},[42,74985,70],{"class":56},[42,74987,2781],{"class":2348},[42,74989,3970],{"class":56},[14,74991,74992,74993,122],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[17,74994,74995],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1073,74997,74999],{"id":74998},"slicing","Slicing",[14,75001,75002,75003,75006],{},"Slicing with ",[17,75004,75005],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[33,75008,75010],{"className":35,"code":75009,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,75011,75012,75032,75048,75052,75062],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75013,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024,75026,75028,75030],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75015,3952],{"class":114},[42,75017,88],{"class":87},[42,75019,3957],{"class":56},[42,75021,2387],{"class":2348},[42,75023,70],{"class":56},[42,75025,5842],{"class":2348},[42,75027,70],{"class":56},[42,75029,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75031,3970],{"class":56},[42,75033,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75035,2555],{"class":114},[42,75037,88],{"class":87},[42,75039,4603],{"class":114},[42,75041,74484],{"class":56},[42,75043,2345],{"class":87},[42,75045,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75047,3970],{"class":56},[42,75049,75050],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,75051,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,75053,75054,75056,75058,75060],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,75055,284],{"class":52},[42,75057,57],{"class":56},[42,75059,3984],{"class":125},[42,75061,143],{"class":56},[42,75063,75064,75066,75068,75070],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,75065,284],{"class":52},[42,75067,57],{"class":56},[42,75069,2592],{"class":125},[42,75071,143],{"class":56},[14,75073,2395],{},[33,75075,75077],{"className":35,"code":75076,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[17,75078,75079,75095],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75080,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75082,4238],{"class":56},[42,75084,2387],{"class":2348},[42,75086,70],{"class":56},[42,75088,5842],{"class":2348},[42,75090,70],{"class":56},[42,75092,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75094,3970],{"class":56},[42,75096,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107,75109],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75098,4238],{"class":56},[42,75100,2381],{"class":2348},[42,75102,70],{"class":56},[42,75104,5842],{"class":2348},[42,75106,70],{"class":56},[42,75108,2781],{"class":2348},[42,75110,3970],{"class":56},[1073,75112,75114],{"id":75113},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[167,75116,75117,75122,75127],{},[170,75118,146,75119,75121],{},[17,75120,73883],{}," when you want to change the original list",[170,75123,146,75124,75126],{},[17,75125,75005],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[170,75128,146,75129,75131],{},[17,75130,74786],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,75133,75134,75135,75141],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[693,75136,75138,75139,11093],{"href":75137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[17,75140,64676],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[28,75143,5303,75145],{"id":75144},"when-to-use-reverse",[17,75146,73883],{},[14,75148,75149,75151],{},[17,75150,73883],{}," is a good choice:",[167,75153,75154,75157,75160],{},[170,75155,75156],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[170,75158,75159],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[170,75161,75162],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,75164,75165,75166,122],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[693,75167,75169],{"href":75168},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[28,75171,1929],{"id":1928},[14,75173,75174,75175,75177],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[17,75176,73883],{}," for these reasons:",[167,75179,75180,75184,75189,75194],{},[170,75181,12950,75182,12953],{},[17,75183,73883],{},[170,75185,8803,75186,75188],{},[17,75187,73883],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[170,75190,1940,75191,75193],{},[17,75192,73883],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[170,75195,37565,75196,9054,75198],{},[17,75197,73883],{},[17,75199,75200],{},"reversed()",[14,75202,75203],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[33,75205,75207],{"className":35,"code":75206,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[17,75208,75209,75221],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75210,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75212,35048],{"class":114},[42,75214,88],{"class":87},[42,75216,73],{"class":60},[42,75218,4183],{"class":64},[42,75220,3689],{"class":60},[42,75222,75223,75225,75227,75229],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75224,444],{"class":114},[42,75226,122],{"class":56},[42,75228,73939],{"class":125},[42,75230,129],{"class":56},[14,75232,75233,75234,33961],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[17,75235,73883],{},[14,75237,75238],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[33,75240,75242],{"className":35,"code":75241,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,75243,75244,75264,75268,75278,75292,75296,75310,75320,75324],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75245,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75247,8658],{"class":114},[42,75249,88],{"class":87},[42,75251,3957],{"class":56},[42,75253,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75255,70],{"class":56},[42,75257,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75259,70],{"class":56},[42,75261,2781],{"class":2348},[42,75263,3970],{"class":56},[42,75265,75266],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75267,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,75269,75270,75272,75274,75276],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,75271,284],{"class":52},[42,75273,57],{"class":56},[42,75275,8689],{"class":125},[42,75277,143],{"class":56},[42,75279,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,75281,284],{"class":52},[42,75283,57],{"class":56},[42,75285,835],{"class":834},[42,75287,57],{"class":56},[42,75289,8689],{"class":125},[42,75291,842],{"class":56},[42,75293,75294],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,75295,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,75297,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306,75308],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,75299,2555],{"class":114},[42,75301,88],{"class":87},[42,75303,8746],{"class":114},[42,75305,122],{"class":56},[42,75307,73939],{"class":125},[42,75309,129],{"class":56},[42,75311,75312,75314,75316,75318],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,75313,284],{"class":52},[42,75315,57],{"class":56},[42,75317,2592],{"class":125},[42,75319,143],{"class":56},[42,75321,75322],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,75323,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,75325,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334,75336,75338],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,75327,284],{"class":52},[42,75329,57],{"class":56},[42,75331,8689],{"class":125},[42,75333,74484],{"class":56},[42,75335,2345],{"class":87},[42,75337,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75339,4226],{"class":56},[14,75341,2395],{},[33,75343,75345],{"className":35,"code":75344,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[17,75346,75347,75363,75377,75381],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75348,75349,75351,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75350,4238],{"class":56},[42,75352,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75354,70],{"class":56},[42,75356,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75358,70],{"class":56},[42,75360,2781],{"class":2348},[42,75362,3970],{"class":56},[42,75364,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75366,855],{"class":87},[42,75368,859],{"class":858},[42,75370,862],{"class":60},[42,75372,8443],{"class":64},[42,75374,868],{"class":60},[42,75376,871],{"class":87},[42,75378,75379],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,75380,12163],{"class":4190},[42,75382,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,75384,4238],{"class":56},[42,75386,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75388,70],{"class":56},[42,75390,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75392,70],{"class":56},[42,75394,5842],{"class":2348},[42,75396,3970],{"class":56},[14,75398,75399],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[33,75401,75403],{"className":35,"code":75402,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,75404,75405,75425,75429,75439,75453,75457,75471,75481,75491],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75406,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75408,8658],{"class":114},[42,75410,88],{"class":87},[42,75412,3957],{"class":56},[42,75414,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75416,70],{"class":56},[42,75418,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75420,70],{"class":56},[42,75422,2781],{"class":2348},[42,75424,3970],{"class":56},[42,75426,75427],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75428,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,75430,75431,75433,75435,75437],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,75432,284],{"class":52},[42,75434,57],{"class":56},[42,75436,8689],{"class":125},[42,75438,143],{"class":56},[42,75440,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,75442,284],{"class":52},[42,75444,57],{"class":56},[42,75446,835],{"class":834},[42,75448,57],{"class":56},[42,75450,8689],{"class":125},[42,75452,842],{"class":56},[42,75454,75455],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,75456,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,75458,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,75460,2555],{"class":114},[42,75462,88],{"class":87},[42,75464,8746],{"class":114},[42,75466,122],{"class":56},[42,75468,73939],{"class":125},[42,75470,129],{"class":56},[42,75472,75473,75475,75477,75479],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,75474,284],{"class":52},[42,75476,57],{"class":56},[42,75478,2592],{"class":125},[42,75480,143],{"class":56},[42,75482,75483,75485,75487,75489],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,75484,284],{"class":52},[42,75486,57],{"class":56},[42,75488,8689],{"class":125},[42,75490,143],{"class":56},[42,75492,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503,75505],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,75494,284],{"class":52},[42,75496,57],{"class":56},[42,75498,8689],{"class":125},[42,75500,74484],{"class":56},[42,75502,2345],{"class":87},[42,75504,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75506,4226],{"class":56},[14,75508,2395],{},[33,75510,75512],{"className":35,"code":75511,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,75513,75514,75530,75544,75548,75564],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75515,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75517,4238],{"class":56},[42,75519,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75521,70],{"class":56},[42,75523,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75525,70],{"class":56},[42,75527,2781],{"class":2348},[42,75529,3970],{"class":56},[42,75531,75532,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75533,855],{"class":87},[42,75535,859],{"class":858},[42,75537,862],{"class":60},[42,75539,8443],{"class":64},[42,75541,868],{"class":60},[42,75543,871],{"class":87},[42,75545,75546],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,75547,12163],{"class":4190},[42,75549,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,75551,4238],{"class":56},[42,75553,2387],{"class":2348},[42,75555,70],{"class":56},[42,75557,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75559,70],{"class":56},[42,75561,5842],{"class":2348},[42,75563,3970],{"class":56},[42,75565,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,75567,4238],{"class":56},[42,75569,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75571,70],{"class":56},[42,75573,3325],{"class":2348},[42,75575,70],{"class":56},[42,75577,2781],{"class":2348},[42,75579,3970],{"class":56},[14,75581,75582],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[167,75584,75585,75594,75603],{},[170,75586,28154,75587,75590,75591],{},[17,75588,75589],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[17,75592,75593],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[170,75595,12271,75596,75599,75600,22917],{},[17,75597,75598],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[177,75601,75602],{},"current",[170,75604,75605,75606],{},"So it prints ",[17,75607,75608],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[28,75610,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,75612,13060,75614,55833],{"id":75613},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[17,75615,73888],{},[14,75617,62967,75618,122],{},[17,75619,4115],{},[1073,75621,34566,75623,34569,75625,2823],{"id":75622},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[17,75624,73883],{},[17,75626,75627],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,75629,75630,75632],{},[17,75631,73883],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,75634,75635,75637],{},[17,75636,75627],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1073,75639,28687,75641,75643],{"id":75640},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[17,75642,73883],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,75645,46728,75646,75648],{},[17,75647,73883],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1073,75650,75652],{"id":75651},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,75654,75655],{},"Use slicing:",[33,75657,75659],{"className":35,"code":75658,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list[::-1]\n",[17,75660,75661],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75662,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75664,8689],{"class":114},[42,75666,74484],{"class":56},[42,75668,2345],{"class":87},[42,75670,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75672,3970],{"class":56},[14,75674,75675],{},"Or use:",[33,75677,75679],{"className":35,"code":75678,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[17,75680,75681],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75682,75683,75685,75687,75690,75692,75694],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75684,8443],{"class":834},[42,75686,57],{"class":56},[42,75688,75689],{"class":52},"reversed",[42,75691,57],{"class":56},[42,75693,8689],{"class":125},[42,75695,842],{"class":56},[14,75697,75698,75699,75703],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[693,75700,55884,75701],{"href":55324},[17,75702,13133],{}," can also help.",[28,75705,2205],{"id":2204},[167,75707,75708,75714,75720,75724,75728],{},[170,75709,75710],{},[693,75711,55884,75712,11093],{"href":75137},[17,75713,64676],{},[170,75715,75716],{},[693,75717,3908,75718,3841],{"href":74883},[17,75719,74786],{},[170,75721,75722],{},[693,75723,75169],{"href":75168},[170,75725,75726],{},[693,75727,74584],{"href":73901},[170,75729,75730],{},[693,75731,55884,75732,11093],{"href":55324},[17,75733,13133],{},[2245,75735,75736],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":75738},[75739,75740,75742,75743,75744,75746,75747,75754,75756,75757,75766],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":73962,"depth":111,"text":75741},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":74321,"depth":111,"text":75745},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74587,"depth":111,"text":74588},{"id":74781,"depth":111,"text":75748,"children":75749},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75750,75751,75752,75753],{"id":73939,"depth":132,"text":73883},{"id":74876,"depth":132,"text":74786},{"id":74998,"depth":132,"text":74999},{"id":75113,"depth":132,"text":75114},{"id":75144,"depth":111,"text":75755},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":75758},[75759,75761,75763,75765],{"id":75613,"depth":132,"text":75760},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75622,"depth":132,"text":75762},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75640,"depth":132,"text":75764},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75651,"depth":132,"text":75652},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73875,"description":75767},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75774,"title":75775,"body":75776,"description":78209,"extension":2285,"meta":78210,"navigation":2287,"path":78211,"seo":78212,"stem":78213,"__hash__":78214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75777,"toc":78177},[75778,75781,75793,75796,75819,75827,75829,75941,75950,75954,75957,75960,76047,76049,76082,76084,76107,76113,76117,76120,76142,76144,76161,76164,76184,76186,76296,76298,76375,76379,76382,76425,76427,76560,76562,76664,76669,76673,76676,76678,76692,76695,76809,76811,76885,76887,76915,76919,76924,76954,76957,77083,77085,77167,77173,77177,77179,77218,77227,77231,77234,77238,77285,77287,77295,77299,77350,77352,77365,77367,77381,77384,77392,77394,77441,77443,77451,77454,77497,77502,77505,77508,77531,77535,77586,77589,77610,77620,77624,77626,77656,77659,77682,77686,77689,77756,77758,77795,77798,77806,77873,77875,77912,77918,77925,77929,77932,77962,77967,77971,77974,77998,78001,78095,78105,78107,78111,78114,78118,78121,78126,78129,78135,78138,78140,78168,78174],[10,75779,75775],{"id":75780},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75782,75783,75784,2514,75786,17431,75789,75792],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[17,75785,36432],{},[17,75787,75788],{},"stop",[17,75790,75791],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75794,75795],{},"The basic slice form is:",[33,75797,75799],{"className":35,"code":75798,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[17,75800,75801],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75802,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75804,8689],{"class":114},[42,75806,4238],{"class":56},[42,75808,36432],{"class":114},[42,75810,1935],{"class":56},[42,75812,75788],{"class":114},[42,75814,1935],{"class":56},[42,75816,75791],{"class":114},[42,75818,3970],{"class":56},[14,75820,75821,75822,75824,75825,122],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[17,75823,75788],{}," position is ",[177,75826,65433],{},[28,75828,31],{"id":30},[33,75830,75832],{"className":35,"code":75831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,75833,75834,75862,75866,75887,75905,75922],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75835,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75837,3952],{"class":114},[42,75839,88],{"class":87},[42,75841,3957],{"class":56},[42,75843,2659],{"class":2348},[42,75845,70],{"class":56},[42,75847,8139],{"class":2348},[42,75849,70],{"class":56},[42,75851,8144],{"class":2348},[42,75853,70],{"class":56},[42,75855,51206],{"class":2348},[42,75857,70],{"class":56},[42,75859,5423],{"class":2348},[42,75861,3970],{"class":56},[42,75863,75864],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,75865,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,75867,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,75869,284],{"class":52},[42,75871,57],{"class":56},[42,75873,3984],{"class":125},[42,75875,4238],{"class":56},[42,75877,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75879,1935],{"class":56},[42,75881,2836],{"class":2348},[42,75883,20804],{"class":56},[42,75885,75886],{"class":525},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[42,75888,75889,75891,75893,75895,75898,75900,75902],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,75890,284],{"class":52},[42,75892,57],{"class":56},[42,75894,3984],{"class":125},[42,75896,75897],{"class":56},"[:",[42,75899,2387],{"class":2348},[42,75901,20804],{"class":56},[42,75903,75904],{"class":525},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[42,75906,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,75908,284],{"class":52},[42,75910,57],{"class":56},[42,75912,3984],{"class":125},[42,75914,74484],{"class":56},[42,75916,2381],{"class":2348},[42,75918,20804],{"class":56},[42,75920,75921],{"class":525},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[42,75923,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,75925,284],{"class":52},[42,75927,57],{"class":56},[42,75929,3984],{"class":125},[42,75931,74484],{"class":56},[42,75933,2345],{"class":87},[42,75935,3320],{"class":2348},[42,75937,20804],{"class":56},[42,75939,75940],{"class":525},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75942,146,75943,75946,75947,75949],{},[17,75944,75945],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[17,75948,75788],{}," value is not included.",[28,75951,75953],{"id":75952},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75955,75956],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75958,75959],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[33,75961,75963],{"className":35,"code":75962,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[17,75964,75965,76013,76017,76036],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,75966,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,75968,36450],{"class":114},[42,75970,88],{"class":87},[42,75972,3957],{"class":56},[42,75974,61],{"class":60},[42,75976,693],{"class":64},[42,75978,61],{"class":60},[42,75980,70],{"class":56},[42,75982,73],{"class":60},[42,75984,5102],{"class":64},[42,75986,61],{"class":60},[42,75988,70],{"class":56},[42,75990,73],{"class":60},[42,75992,10090],{"class":64},[42,75994,61],{"class":60},[42,75996,70],{"class":56},[42,75998,73],{"class":60},[42,76000,19126],{"class":64},[42,76002,61],{"class":60},[42,76004,70],{"class":56},[42,76006,73],{"class":60},[42,76008,60813],{"class":64},[42,76010,61],{"class":60},[42,76012,3970],{"class":56},[42,76014,76015],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76016,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,76018,76019,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,76020,76021],{"class":114},"part ",[42,76023,88],{"class":87},[42,76025,70459],{"class":114},[42,76027,4238],{"class":56},[42,76029,3320],{"class":2348},[42,76031,1935],{"class":56},[42,76033,2836],{"class":2348},[42,76035,3970],{"class":56},[42,76037,76038,76040,76042,76045],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,76039,284],{"class":52},[42,76041,57],{"class":56},[42,76043,76044],{"class":125},"part",[42,76046,143],{"class":56},[14,76048,2395],{},[33,76050,76052],{"className":35,"code":76051,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,76053,76054],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76055,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76057,4238],{"class":56},[42,76059,868],{"class":60},[42,76061,5102],{"class":64},[42,76063,868],{"class":60},[42,76065,70],{"class":56},[42,76067,862],{"class":60},[42,76069,10090],{"class":64},[42,76071,868],{"class":60},[42,76073,70],{"class":56},[42,76075,862],{"class":60},[42,76077,19126],{"class":64},[42,76079,868],{"class":60},[42,76081,3970],{"class":56},[14,76083,13409],{},[167,76085,76086,76089,76092,76098,76104],{},[170,76087,76088],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[170,76090,76091],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[170,76093,76094,76095],{},"Basic form: ",[17,76096,76097],{},"list[start:stop]",[170,76099,76100,76101,76103],{},"The item at ",[17,76102,75788],{}," is not included",[170,76105,76106],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,76108,76109,76110,122],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[693,76111,76112],{"href":51342},"beginner guide to Python lists",[28,76114,76116],{"id":76115},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,76118,76119],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[33,76121,76122],{"className":35,"code":75798,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,76123,76124],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76127,8689],{"class":114},[42,76129,4238],{"class":56},[42,76131,36432],{"class":114},[42,76133,1935],{"class":56},[42,76135,75788],{"class":114},[42,76137,1935],{"class":56},[42,76139,75791],{"class":114},[42,76141,3970],{"class":56},[14,76143,351],{},[167,76145,76146,76151,76156],{},[170,76147,76148,76150],{},[17,76149,36432],{}," is where slicing begins",[170,76152,76153,76155],{},[17,76154,75788],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[170,76157,76158,76160],{},[17,76159,75791],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,76162,76163],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[167,76165,76166,76172,76177],{},[170,76167,76168,76169,76171],{},"Missing ",[17,76170,36432],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[170,76173,76168,76174,76176],{},[17,76175,75788],{}," means go to the end of the list",[170,76178,76168,76179,76181,76182],{},[17,76180,75791],{}," means use ",[17,76183,3320],{},[14,76185,219],{},[33,76187,76189],{"className":35,"code":76188,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[17,76190,76191,76219,76223,76244,76261,76279],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76192,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76194,3952],{"class":114},[42,76196,88],{"class":87},[42,76198,3957],{"class":56},[42,76200,2659],{"class":2348},[42,76202,70],{"class":56},[42,76204,8139],{"class":2348},[42,76206,70],{"class":56},[42,76208,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76210,70],{"class":56},[42,76212,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76214,70],{"class":56},[42,76216,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76218,3970],{"class":56},[42,76220,76221],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76222,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,76224,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,76226,284],{"class":52},[42,76228,57],{"class":56},[42,76230,3984],{"class":125},[42,76232,4238],{"class":56},[42,76234,3320],{"class":2348},[42,76236,1935],{"class":56},[42,76238,2836],{"class":2348},[42,76240,20804],{"class":56},[42,76242,76243],{"class":525},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[42,76245,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,76247,284],{"class":52},[42,76249,57],{"class":56},[42,76251,3984],{"class":125},[42,76253,75897],{"class":56},[42,76255,2387],{"class":2348},[42,76257,20804],{"class":56},[42,76259,76260],{"class":525},"    # start from the beginning\n",[42,76262,76263,76265,76267,76269,76271,76273,76276],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,76264,284],{"class":52},[42,76266,57],{"class":56},[42,76268,3984],{"class":125},[42,76270,4238],{"class":56},[42,76272,2381],{"class":2348},[42,76274,76275],{"class":56},":])",[42,76277,76278],{"class":525},"    # go to the end\n",[42,76280,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,76282,284],{"class":52},[42,76284,57],{"class":56},[42,76286,3984],{"class":125},[42,76288,74484],{"class":56},[42,76290,3320],{"class":2348},[42,76292,20804],{"class":56},[42,76294,76295],{"class":525},"   # step of 1\n",[14,76297,2395],{},[33,76299,76301],{"className":35,"code":76300,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[17,76302,76303,76319,76335,76351],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76304,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76306,4238],{"class":56},[42,76308,16112],{"class":2348},[42,76310,70],{"class":56},[42,76312,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76314,70],{"class":56},[42,76316,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76318,3970],{"class":56},[42,76320,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76322,4238],{"class":56},[42,76324,2659],{"class":2348},[42,76326,70],{"class":56},[42,76328,8139],{"class":2348},[42,76330,70],{"class":56},[42,76332,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76334,3970],{"class":56},[42,76336,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,76338,4238],{"class":56},[42,76340,37202],{"class":2348},[42,76342,70],{"class":56},[42,76344,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76346,70],{"class":56},[42,76348,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76350,3970],{"class":56},[42,76352,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,76354,4238],{"class":56},[42,76356,2659],{"class":2348},[42,76358,70],{"class":56},[42,76360,8139],{"class":2348},[42,76362,70],{"class":56},[42,76364,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76366,70],{"class":56},[42,76368,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76370,70],{"class":56},[42,76372,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76374,3970],{"class":56},[28,76376,76378],{"id":76377},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,76380,76381],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[167,76383,76384,76393,76402,76413,76419],{},[170,76385,76386,76389,76390,6311],{},[17,76387,76388],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[17,76391,76392],{},"n",[170,76394,76395,76398,76399,76401],{},[17,76396,76397],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[17,76400,76392],{}," to the end",[170,76403,76404,76407,76408,76410,76411],{},[17,76405,76406],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[17,76409,693],{}," up to ",[17,76412,5102],{},[170,76414,76415,76418],{},[17,76416,76417],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[170,76420,76421,76424],{},[17,76422,76423],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,76426,219],{},[33,76428,76430],{"className":35,"code":76429,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[17,76431,76432,76465,76469,76486,76503,76524,76541],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76433,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456,76458,76460,76463],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76435,3952],{"class":114},[42,76437,88],{"class":87},[42,76439,3957],{"class":56},[42,76441,2659],{"class":2348},[42,76443,70],{"class":56},[42,76445,8139],{"class":2348},[42,76447,70],{"class":56},[42,76449,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76451,70],{"class":56},[42,76453,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76455,70],{"class":56},[42,76457,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76459,70],{"class":56},[42,76461,76462],{"class":2348}," 60",[42,76464,3970],{"class":56},[42,76466,76467],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76468,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,76470,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,76472,284],{"class":52},[42,76474,57],{"class":56},[42,76476,3984],{"class":125},[42,76478,75897],{"class":56},[42,76480,2387],{"class":2348},[42,76482,20804],{"class":56},[42,76484,76485],{"class":525},"    # first 3 items\n",[42,76487,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,76489,284],{"class":52},[42,76491,57],{"class":56},[42,76493,3984],{"class":125},[42,76495,4238],{"class":56},[42,76497,2387],{"class":2348},[42,76499,76275],{"class":56},[42,76501,76502],{"class":525},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[42,76504,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,76506,284],{"class":52},[42,76508,57],{"class":56},[42,76510,3984],{"class":125},[42,76512,4238],{"class":56},[42,76514,3320],{"class":2348},[42,76516,1935],{"class":56},[42,76518,2461],{"class":2348},[42,76520,20804],{"class":56},[42,76522,76523],{"class":525},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[42,76525,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,76527,284],{"class":52},[42,76529,57],{"class":56},[42,76531,3984],{"class":125},[42,76533,74484],{"class":56},[42,76535,2381],{"class":2348},[42,76537,20804],{"class":56},[42,76539,76540],{"class":525},"   # every second item\n",[42,76542,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,76544,284],{"class":52},[42,76546,57],{"class":56},[42,76548,3984],{"class":125},[42,76550,74484],{"class":56},[42,76552,2345],{"class":87},[42,76554,3320],{"class":2348},[42,76556,20804],{"class":56},[42,76558,76559],{"class":525},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,76561,2395],{},[33,76563,76565],{"className":35,"code":76564,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[17,76566,76567,76583,76599,76619,76635],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76568,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76570,4238],{"class":56},[42,76572,2659],{"class":2348},[42,76574,70],{"class":56},[42,76576,8139],{"class":2348},[42,76578,70],{"class":56},[42,76580,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76582,3970],{"class":56},[42,76584,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76586,4238],{"class":56},[42,76588,57057],{"class":2348},[42,76590,70],{"class":56},[42,76592,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76594,70],{"class":56},[42,76596,76462],{"class":2348},[42,76598,3970],{"class":56},[42,76600,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,76602,4238],{"class":56},[42,76604,16112],{"class":2348},[42,76606,70],{"class":56},[42,76608,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76610,70],{"class":56},[42,76612,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76614,70],{"class":56},[42,76616,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76618,3970],{"class":56},[42,76620,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,76622,4238],{"class":56},[42,76624,2659],{"class":2348},[42,76626,70],{"class":56},[42,76628,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76630,70],{"class":56},[42,76632,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76634,3970],{"class":56},[42,76636,76637,76639,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,76638,4238],{"class":56},[42,76640,76641],{"class":2348},"60",[42,76643,70],{"class":56},[42,76645,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76647,70],{"class":56},[42,76649,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76651,70],{"class":56},[42,76653,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76655,70],{"class":56},[42,76657,8139],{"class":2348},[42,76659,70],{"class":56},[42,76661,6350],{"class":2348},[42,76663,3970],{"class":56},[14,76665,76666,76667,122],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[693,76668,15245],{"href":57584},[28,76670,76672],{"id":76671},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,76674,76675],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,76677,5816],{},[167,76679,76680,76686],{},[170,76681,76682,76685],{},[17,76683,76684],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[170,76687,76688,76691],{},[17,76689,76690],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,76693,76694],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[33,76696,76698],{"className":35,"code":76697,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[17,76699,76700,76748,76752,76771,76790],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76701,76702,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76703,36450],{"class":114},[42,76705,88],{"class":87},[42,76707,3957],{"class":56},[42,76709,61],{"class":60},[42,76711,693],{"class":64},[42,76713,61],{"class":60},[42,76715,70],{"class":56},[42,76717,73],{"class":60},[42,76719,5102],{"class":64},[42,76721,61],{"class":60},[42,76723,70],{"class":56},[42,76725,73],{"class":60},[42,76727,10090],{"class":64},[42,76729,61],{"class":60},[42,76731,70],{"class":56},[42,76733,73],{"class":60},[42,76735,19126],{"class":64},[42,76737,61],{"class":60},[42,76739,70],{"class":56},[42,76741,73],{"class":60},[42,76743,60813],{"class":64},[42,76745,61],{"class":60},[42,76747,3970],{"class":56},[42,76749,76750],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76751,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,76753,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,76755,284],{"class":52},[42,76757,57],{"class":56},[42,76759,36503],{"class":125},[42,76761,4238],{"class":56},[42,76763,2345],{"class":87},[42,76765,3320],{"class":2348},[42,76767,20804],{"class":56},[42,76769,76770],{"class":525},"    # last item\n",[42,76772,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,76774,284],{"class":52},[42,76776,57],{"class":56},[42,76778,36503],{"class":125},[42,76780,4238],{"class":56},[42,76782,2345],{"class":87},[42,76784,2387],{"class":2348},[42,76786,76275],{"class":56},[42,76788,76789],{"class":525},"   # last 3 items\n",[42,76791,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,76793,284],{"class":52},[42,76795,57],{"class":56},[42,76797,36503],{"class":125},[42,76799,75897],{"class":56},[42,76801,2345],{"class":87},[42,76803,3320],{"class":2348},[42,76805,20804],{"class":56},[42,76807,76808],{"class":525},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76810,2395],{},[33,76812,76814],{"className":35,"code":76813,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[17,76815,76816,76821,76849],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76817,76818],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76819,76820],{"class":114},"e\n",[42,76822,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76824,4238],{"class":56},[42,76826,868],{"class":60},[42,76828,10090],{"class":64},[42,76830,868],{"class":60},[42,76832,70],{"class":56},[42,76834,862],{"class":60},[42,76836,19126],{"class":64},[42,76838,868],{"class":60},[42,76840,70],{"class":56},[42,76842,862],{"class":60},[42,76844,60813],{"class":64},[42,76846,868],{"class":60},[42,76848,3970],{"class":56},[42,76850,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877,76879,76881,76883],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,76852,4238],{"class":56},[42,76854,868],{"class":60},[42,76856,693],{"class":64},[42,76858,868],{"class":60},[42,76860,70],{"class":56},[42,76862,862],{"class":60},[42,76864,5102],{"class":64},[42,76866,868],{"class":60},[42,76868,70],{"class":56},[42,76870,862],{"class":60},[42,76872,10090],{"class":64},[42,76874,868],{"class":60},[42,76876,70],{"class":56},[42,76878,862],{"class":60},[42,76880,19126],{"class":64},[42,76882,868],{"class":60},[42,76884,3970],{"class":56},[14,76886,13409],{},[167,76888,76889,76892,76896,76902,76908],{},[170,76890,76891],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[170,76893,76894,76685],{},[17,76895,76684],{},[170,76897,76898,76901],{},[17,76899,76900],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[170,76903,76904,76907],{},[17,76905,76906],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[170,76909,76910,76911,1753,76913],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[17,76912,36432],{},[17,76914,75788],{},[28,76916,76918],{"id":76917},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76920,2303,76921,76923],{},[17,76922,75791],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[167,76925,76926,76929,76932,76937,76947],{},[170,76927,76928],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[170,76930,76931],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[170,76933,76934,76936],{},[17,76935,76423],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[170,76938,9225,76939,76941,76942,76944,76945],{},[17,76940,75791],{}," is negative, ",[17,76943,36432],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[17,76946,75788],{},[170,76948,76949,76951,76952],{},[17,76950,75791],{}," cannot be ",[17,76953,2445],{},[14,76955,76956],{},"Example with different step values:",[33,76958,76960],{"className":35,"code":76959,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[17,76961,76962,76994,76998,77015,77037,77056],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,76963,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,76965,3952],{"class":114},[42,76967,88],{"class":87},[42,76969,3957],{"class":56},[42,76971,2659],{"class":2348},[42,76973,70],{"class":56},[42,76975,8139],{"class":2348},[42,76977,70],{"class":56},[42,76979,8144],{"class":2348},[42,76981,70],{"class":56},[42,76983,51206],{"class":2348},[42,76985,70],{"class":56},[42,76987,5423],{"class":2348},[42,76989,70],{"class":56},[42,76991,76462],{"class":2348},[42,76993,3970],{"class":56},[42,76995,76996],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,76997,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,76999,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77001,284],{"class":52},[42,77003,57],{"class":56},[42,77005,3984],{"class":125},[42,77007,74484],{"class":56},[42,77009,2381],{"class":2348},[42,77011,20804],{"class":56},[42,77013,77014],{"class":525},"     # every second item\n",[42,77016,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77030,77032,77034],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,77018,284],{"class":52},[42,77020,57],{"class":56},[42,77022,3984],{"class":125},[42,77024,4238],{"class":56},[42,77026,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77028,77029],{"class":56},"::",[42,77031,2381],{"class":2348},[42,77033,20804],{"class":56},[42,77035,77036],{"class":525},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[42,77038,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,77040,284],{"class":52},[42,77042,57],{"class":56},[42,77044,3984],{"class":125},[42,77046,74484],{"class":56},[42,77048,2345],{"class":87},[42,77050,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77052,20804],{"class":56},[42,77054,77055],{"class":525},"    # reverse the list\n",[42,77057,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,77059,284],{"class":52},[42,77061,57],{"class":56},[42,77063,3984],{"class":125},[42,77065,4238],{"class":56},[42,77067,2836],{"class":2348},[42,77069,1935],{"class":56},[42,77071,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77073,1935],{"class":56},[42,77075,2345],{"class":87},[42,77077,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77079,20804],{"class":56},[42,77081,77082],{"class":525},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,77084,2395],{},[33,77086,77088],{"className":35,"code":77087,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[17,77089,77090,77106,77122,77150],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77091,77092,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77093,4238],{"class":56},[42,77095,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77097,70],{"class":56},[42,77099,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77101,70],{"class":56},[42,77103,5423],{"class":2348},[42,77105,3970],{"class":56},[42,77107,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77109,4238],{"class":56},[42,77111,16112],{"class":2348},[42,77113,70],{"class":56},[42,77115,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77117,70],{"class":56},[42,77119,76462],{"class":2348},[42,77121,3970],{"class":56},[42,77123,77124,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77125,4238],{"class":56},[42,77127,76641],{"class":2348},[42,77129,70],{"class":56},[42,77131,5423],{"class":2348},[42,77133,70],{"class":56},[42,77135,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77137,70],{"class":56},[42,77139,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77141,70],{"class":56},[42,77143,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77145,70],{"class":56},[42,77147,6350],{"class":2348},[42,77149,3970],{"class":56},[42,77151,77152,77154,77157,77159,77161,77163,77165],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,77153,4238],{"class":56},[42,77155,77156],{"class":2348},"50",[42,77158,70],{"class":56},[42,77160,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77162,70],{"class":56},[42,77164,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77166,3970],{"class":56},[14,77168,77169,77170,122],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[693,77171,77172],{"href":75168},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1073,77174,77176],{"id":77175},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,77178,3168],{},[33,77180,77182],{"className":35,"code":77181,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[17,77183,77184,77204],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77185,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77187,3952],{"class":114},[42,77189,88],{"class":87},[42,77191,3957],{"class":56},[42,77193,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77195,70],{"class":56},[42,77197,3325],{"class":2348},[42,77199,70],{"class":56},[42,77201,2781],{"class":2348},[42,77203,3970],{"class":56},[42,77205,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77207,284],{"class":52},[42,77209,57],{"class":56},[42,77211,3984],{"class":125},[42,77213,74484],{"class":56},[42,77215,2445],{"class":2348},[42,77217,4226],{"class":56},[14,77219,77220,77221,77223,77224,77226],{},"Python raises a ",[17,77222,41067],{}," because a slice step of ",[17,77225,2445],{}," does not make sense.",[28,77228,77230],{"id":77229},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,77232,77233],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1073,77235,77237],{"id":77236},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[33,77239,77241],{"className":35,"code":77240,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,77242,77243,77267,77271],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77244,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77246,3952],{"class":114},[42,77248,88],{"class":87},[42,77250,3957],{"class":56},[42,77252,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77254,70],{"class":56},[42,77256,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77258,70],{"class":56},[42,77260,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77262,70],{"class":56},[42,77264,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77266,3970],{"class":56},[42,77268,77269],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77270,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,77272,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77274,284],{"class":52},[42,77276,57],{"class":56},[42,77278,3984],{"class":125},[42,77280,4238],{"class":56},[42,77282,2381],{"class":2348},[42,77284,4226],{"class":56},[14,77286,2395],{},[33,77288,77289],{"className":35,"code":70203,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,77290,77291],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77292,77293],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77294,70203],{"class":2348},[1073,77296,77298],{"id":77297},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[33,77300,77302],{"className":35,"code":77301,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[17,77303,77304,77328,77332],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77305,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77307,3952],{"class":114},[42,77309,88],{"class":87},[42,77311,3957],{"class":56},[42,77313,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77315,70],{"class":56},[42,77317,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77319,70],{"class":56},[42,77321,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77323,70],{"class":56},[42,77325,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77327,3970],{"class":56},[42,77329,77330],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77331,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,77333,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346,77348],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77335,284],{"class":52},[42,77337,57],{"class":56},[42,77339,3984],{"class":125},[42,77341,4238],{"class":56},[42,77343,2381],{"class":2348},[42,77345,1935],{"class":56},[42,77347,2387],{"class":2348},[42,77349,4226],{"class":56},[14,77351,2395],{},[33,77353,77355],{"className":35,"code":77354,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[30]\n",[17,77356,77357],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77358,77359,77361,77363],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77360,4238],{"class":56},[42,77362,37202],{"class":2348},[42,77364,3970],{"class":56},[14,77366,14120],{},[167,77368,77369,77375],{},[170,77370,77371,77374],{},[17,77372,77373],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[170,77376,77377,77380],{},[17,77378,77379],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,77382,77383],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[167,77385,77386,77389],{},[170,77387,77388],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[170,77390,77391],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,77393,219],{},[33,77395,77397],{"className":35,"code":77396,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[17,77398,77399,77419,77423],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77400,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77402,3952],{"class":114},[42,77404,88],{"class":87},[42,77406,3957],{"class":56},[42,77408,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77410,70],{"class":56},[42,77412,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77414,70],{"class":56},[42,77416,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77418,3970],{"class":56},[42,77420,77421],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77422,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,77424,77425,77427,77429,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77426,284],{"class":52},[42,77428,57],{"class":56},[42,77430,3984],{"class":125},[42,77432,4238],{"class":56},[42,77434,2461],{"class":2348},[42,77436,1935],{"class":56},[42,77438,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77440,4226],{"class":56},[14,77442,2395],{},[33,77444,77445],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,77446,77447],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77448,77449],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77450,38659],{"class":56},[14,77452,77453],{},"But this would raise an error:",[33,77455,77457],{"className":35,"code":77456,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[17,77458,77459,77479,77483],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77460,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77462,3952],{"class":114},[42,77464,88],{"class":87},[42,77466,3957],{"class":56},[42,77468,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77470,70],{"class":56},[42,77472,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77474,70],{"class":56},[42,77476,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77478,3970],{"class":56},[42,77480,77481],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77482,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,77484,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77486,284],{"class":52},[42,77488,57],{"class":56},[42,77490,3984],{"class":125},[42,77492,4238],{"class":56},[42,77494,2461],{"class":2348},[42,77496,4226],{"class":56},[14,77498,77499,77500,122],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[693,77501,69623],{"href":69622},[28,77503,15534],{"id":77504},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,77506,77507],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[167,77509,77510,77514,77516,77519,77525],{},[170,77511,5045,77512,76103],{},[17,77513,75788],{},[170,77515,61056],{},[170,77517,77518],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[170,77520,37565,77521,9054,77523],{},[17,77522,76423],{},[17,77524,73888],{},[170,77526,77527,77528,77530],{},"Using step ",[17,77529,2445],{},", which causes an error",[1073,77532,77534],{"id":77533},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[33,77536,77538],{"className":35,"code":77537,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[17,77539,77540,77568],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77541,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564,77566],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77543,3952],{"class":114},[42,77545,88],{"class":87},[42,77547,3957],{"class":56},[42,77549,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77551,70],{"class":56},[42,77553,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77555,70],{"class":56},[42,77557,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77559,70],{"class":56},[42,77561,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77563,70],{"class":56},[42,77565,5423],{"class":2348},[42,77567,3970],{"class":56},[42,77569,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77571,284],{"class":52},[42,77573,57],{"class":56},[42,77575,3984],{"class":125},[42,77577,4238],{"class":56},[42,77579,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77581,1935],{"class":56},[42,77583,2836],{"class":2348},[42,77585,4226],{"class":56},[14,77587,77588],{},"This returns:",[33,77590,77592],{"className":35,"code":77591,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[17,77593,77594],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77595,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77597,4238],{"class":56},[42,77599,16112],{"class":2348},[42,77601,70],{"class":56},[42,77603,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77605,70],{"class":56},[42,77607,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77609,3970],{"class":56},[14,77611,175,77612,77614,77615,77617,77618,122],{},[177,77613,179],{}," include ",[17,77616,77156],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[17,77619,2836],{},[1073,77621,77623],{"id":77622},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,77625,17002],{},[33,77627,77629],{"className":35,"code":77628,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[17,77630,77631,77651],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77632,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77634,3952],{"class":114},[42,77636,88],{"class":87},[42,77638,3957],{"class":56},[42,77640,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77642,70],{"class":56},[42,77644,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77646,70],{"class":56},[42,77648,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77650,3970],{"class":56},[42,77652,77653],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77654,77655],{"class":525},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,77657,77658],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[33,77660,77662],{"className":35,"code":77661,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[17,77663,77664],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77665,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77667,284],{"class":52},[42,77669,57],{"class":56},[42,77671,3984],{"class":125},[42,77673,4238],{"class":56},[42,77675,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77677,1935],{"class":56},[42,77679,2387],{"class":2348},[42,77681,4226],{"class":56},[1073,77683,77685],{"id":77684},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,77687,77688],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[33,77690,77692],{"className":35,"code":77691,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77693,77694,77718,77732,77736,77746],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77695,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77697,3952],{"class":114},[42,77699,88],{"class":87},[42,77701,3957],{"class":56},[42,77703,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77705,70],{"class":56},[42,77707,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77709,70],{"class":56},[42,77711,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77713,70],{"class":56},[42,77715,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77717,3970],{"class":56},[42,77719,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77721,76021],{"class":114},[42,77723,88],{"class":87},[42,77725,4603],{"class":114},[42,77727,75897],{"class":56},[42,77729,2381],{"class":2348},[42,77731,3970],{"class":56},[42,77733,77734],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77735,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,77737,77738,77740,77742,77744],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,77739,284],{"class":52},[42,77741,57],{"class":56},[42,77743,76044],{"class":125},[42,77745,143],{"class":56},[42,77747,77748,77750,77752,77754],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,77749,284],{"class":52},[42,77751,57],{"class":56},[42,77753,3984],{"class":125},[42,77755,143],{"class":56},[14,77757,2395],{},[33,77759,77761],{"className":35,"code":77760,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[17,77762,77763,77775],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77764,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77766,4238],{"class":56},[42,77768,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77770,70],{"class":56},[42,77772,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77774,3970],{"class":56},[42,77776,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77778,4238],{"class":56},[42,77780,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77782,70],{"class":56},[42,77784,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77786,70],{"class":56},[42,77788,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77790,70],{"class":56},[42,77792,51206],{"class":2348},[42,77794,3970],{"class":56},[14,77796,77797],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1073,77799,77801,77802,9054,77804],{"id":77800},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[17,77803,76423],{},[17,77805,73888],{},[33,77807,77809],{"className":35,"code":77808,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,77810,77811,77831,77835,77852,77863],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77812,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77814,3952],{"class":114},[42,77816,88],{"class":87},[42,77818,3957],{"class":56},[42,77820,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77822,70],{"class":56},[42,77824,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77826,70],{"class":56},[42,77828,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77830,3970],{"class":56},[42,77832,77833],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77834,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,77836,77837,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,77838,77839],{"class":114},"reversed_copy ",[42,77841,88],{"class":87},[42,77843,4603],{"class":114},[42,77845,74484],{"class":56},[42,77847,2345],{"class":87},[42,77849,3320],{"class":2348},[42,77851,3970],{"class":56},[42,77853,77854,77856,77858,77861],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,77855,284],{"class":52},[42,77857,57],{"class":56},[42,77859,77860],{"class":125},"reversed_copy",[42,77862,143],{"class":56},[42,77864,77865,77867,77869,77871],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,77866,284],{"class":52},[42,77868,57],{"class":56},[42,77870,3984],{"class":125},[42,77872,143],{"class":56},[14,77874,2395],{},[33,77876,77878],{"className":35,"code":77877,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[17,77879,77880,77896],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77881,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77883,4238],{"class":56},[42,77885,37202],{"class":2348},[42,77887,70],{"class":56},[42,77889,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77891,70],{"class":56},[42,77893,6350],{"class":2348},[42,77895,3970],{"class":56},[42,77897,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77899,4238],{"class":56},[42,77901,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77903,70],{"class":56},[42,77905,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77907,70],{"class":56},[42,77909,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77911,3970],{"class":56},[14,77913,77914,77917],{},[17,77915,77916],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77919,77920,77921,77924],{},"By contrast, ",[17,77922,77923],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1073,77926,77928],{"id":77927},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77930,77931],{},"This is not allowed:",[33,77933,77935],{"className":35,"code":77934,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[17,77936,77937,77957],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,77938,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951,77953,77955],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,77940,3952],{"class":114},[42,77942,88],{"class":87},[42,77944,3957],{"class":56},[42,77946,2659],{"class":2348},[42,77948,70],{"class":56},[42,77950,8139],{"class":2348},[42,77952,70],{"class":56},[42,77954,8144],{"class":2348},[42,77956,3970],{"class":56},[42,77958,77959],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,77960,77961],{"class":525},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77963,77964,77965,122],{},"Python will raise a ",[17,77966,41067],{},[28,77968,77970],{"id":77969},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77972,77973],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[167,77975,77976,77983,77989,77992,77995],{},[170,77977,37565,77978,1753,77980,77982],{},[17,77979,36432],{},[17,77981,75788],{}," positions",[170,77984,77985,77986,77988],{},"Assuming the ",[17,77987,75788],{}," index is included",[170,77990,77991],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[170,77993,77994],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[170,77996,77997],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77999,78000],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[33,78002,78004],{"className":35,"code":78003,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[17,78005,78006,78016,78030,78048,78062,78079],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78007,78008,78010,78012,78014],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78009,284],{"class":52},[42,78011,57],{"class":56},[42,78013,8689],{"class":125},[42,78015,143],{"class":56},[42,78017,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78019,284],{"class":52},[42,78021,57],{"class":56},[42,78023,11515],{"class":52},[42,78025,57],{"class":56},[42,78027,8689],{"class":125},[42,78029,842],{"class":56},[42,78031,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78033,284],{"class":52},[42,78035,57],{"class":56},[42,78037,8689],{"class":125},[42,78039,4238],{"class":56},[42,78041,3320],{"class":2348},[42,78043,1935],{"class":56},[42,78045,2836],{"class":2348},[42,78047,4226],{"class":56},[42,78049,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,78051,284],{"class":52},[42,78053,57],{"class":56},[42,78055,8689],{"class":125},[42,78057,75897],{"class":56},[42,78059,2387],{"class":2348},[42,78061,4226],{"class":56},[42,78063,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,78065,284],{"class":52},[42,78067,57],{"class":56},[42,78069,8689],{"class":125},[42,78071,4238],{"class":56},[42,78073,2345],{"class":87},[42,78075,2387],{"class":2348},[42,78077,78078],{"class":56},":])\n",[42,78080,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,78082,284],{"class":52},[42,78084,57],{"class":56},[42,78086,8689],{"class":125},[42,78088,74484],{"class":56},[42,78090,2345],{"class":87},[42,78092,3320],{"class":2348},[42,78094,4226],{"class":56},[14,78096,1940,78097,78099,78100,78104],{},[17,78098,42724],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[693,78101,78103],{"href":78102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[28,78106,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,78108,78110],{"id":78109},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,78112,78113],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1073,78115,78117],{"id":78116},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,78119,78120],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1073,78122,5485,78124,40323],{"id":78123},"what-does-list-1-do",[17,78125,76423],{},[14,78127,78128],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1073,78130,78132,78133,2823],{"id":78131},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[17,78134,71093],{},[14,78136,78137],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[28,78139,2205],{"id":2204},[167,78141,78142,78147,78152,78156,78160,78164],{},[170,78143,78144],{},[693,78145,78146],{"href":51342},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[170,78148,78149],{},[693,78150,78151],{"href":57518},"How to create a list in Python",[170,78153,78154],{},[693,78155,15322],{"href":57584},[170,78157,78158],{},[693,78159,75169],{"href":75168},[170,78161,78162],{},[693,78163,78103],{"href":78102},[170,78165,78166],{},[693,78167,69623],{"href":69622},[14,78169,78170,78171,78173],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[17,78172,42724],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2245,78175,78176],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":78178},[78179,78180,78181,78182,78183,78184,78187,78191,78199,78200,78208],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":75952,"depth":111,"text":75953},{"id":76115,"depth":111,"text":76116},{"id":76377,"depth":111,"text":76378},{"id":76671,"depth":111,"text":76672},{"id":76917,"depth":111,"text":76918,"children":78185},[78186],{"id":77175,"depth":132,"text":77176},{"id":77229,"depth":111,"text":77230,"children":78188},[78189,78190],{"id":77236,"depth":132,"text":77237},{"id":77297,"depth":132,"text":77298},{"id":77504,"depth":111,"text":15534,"children":78192},[78193,78194,78195,78196,78198],{"id":77533,"depth":132,"text":77534},{"id":77622,"depth":132,"text":77623},{"id":77684,"depth":132,"text":77685},{"id":77800,"depth":132,"text":78197},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77927,"depth":132,"text":77928},{"id":77969,"depth":111,"text":77970},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":78201},[78202,78203,78204,78206],{"id":78109,"depth":132,"text":78110},{"id":78116,"depth":132,"text":78117},{"id":78123,"depth":132,"text":78205},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":78131,"depth":132,"text":78207},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75775,"description":78209},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78216,"title":78217,"body":78218,"description":80287,"extension":2285,"meta":80288,"navigation":2287,"path":80289,"seo":80290,"stem":80291,"__hash__":80292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78219,"toc":80253},[78220,78225,78231,78237,78239,78286,78293,78298,78302,78317,78320,78373,78375,78400,78405,78407,78439,78442,78458,78460,78521,78523,78548,78552,78557,78610,78612,78637,78642,78703,78705,78730,78733,78740,78744,78747,78808,78810,78843,78846,78907,78909,78942,78948,79021,79023,79055,79062,79067,79072,79074,79086,79089,79167,79169,79210,79213,79287,79289,79322,79327,79334,79341,79345,79354,79358,79366,79368,79435,79437,79473,79478,79489,79491,79496,79501,79503,79566,79568,79593,79600,79605,79609,79612,79652,79657,79663,79668,79670,79697,79702,79705,79752,79754,79811,79818,79823,79829,79898,79902,79905,79968,79970,80003,80008,80010,80013,80094,80096,80120,80126,80128,80133,80137,80144,80152,80156,80158,80181,80185,80187,80214,80217,80224,80227,80229,80250],[10,78221,54706,78223,11676],{"id":78222},"python-list-sort-method",[17,78224,64676],{},[14,78226,78227,78230],{},[17,78228,78229],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,78232,78233,78234,78236],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[17,78235,64676],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[28,78238,31],{"id":30},[33,78240,78242],{"className":35,"code":78241,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,78243,78244,78264,78274],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78245,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78247,3952],{"class":114},[42,78249,88],{"class":87},[42,78251,3957],{"class":56},[42,78253,2387],{"class":2348},[42,78255,70],{"class":56},[42,78257,5842],{"class":2348},[42,78259,70],{"class":56},[42,78261,3325],{"class":2348},[42,78263,3970],{"class":56},[42,78265,78266,78268,78270,78272],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78267,3984],{"class":114},[42,78269,122],{"class":56},[42,78271,35159],{"class":125},[42,78273,129],{"class":56},[42,78275,78276,78278,78280,78282,78284],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78277,284],{"class":52},[42,78279,57],{"class":56},[42,78281,3984],{"class":125},[42,78283,98],{"class":56},[42,78285,55296],{"class":525},[14,78287,146,78288,78290,78291,122],{},[17,78289,78229],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[17,78292,4115],{},[28,78294,4013,78296,4016],{"id":78295},"what-listsort-does",[17,78297,78229],{},[14,78299,78300,1935],{},[17,78301,78229],{},[167,78303,78304,78307,78310,78314],{},[170,78305,78306],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[170,78308,78309],{},"Changes the original list",[170,78311,11778,78312],{},[17,78313,4115],{},[170,78315,78316],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,78318,78319],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[33,78321,78323],{"className":35,"code":78322,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78324,78325,78349,78359,78363],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78326,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78328,3952],{"class":114},[42,78330,88],{"class":87},[42,78332,3957],{"class":56},[42,78334,2461],{"class":2348},[42,78336,70],{"class":56},[42,78338,3325],{"class":2348},[42,78340,70],{"class":56},[42,78342,54500],{"class":2348},[42,78344,70],{"class":56},[42,78346,5842],{"class":2348},[42,78348,3970],{"class":56},[42,78350,78351,78353,78355,78357],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78352,3984],{"class":114},[42,78354,122],{"class":56},[42,78356,35159],{"class":125},[42,78358,129],{"class":56},[42,78360,78361],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78362,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,78364,78365,78367,78369,78371],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,78366,284],{"class":52},[42,78368,57],{"class":56},[42,78370,3984],{"class":125},[42,78372,143],{"class":56},[14,78374,2395],{},[33,78376,78378],{"className":35,"code":78377,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[17,78379,78380],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78381,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78383,4238],{"class":56},[42,78385,3320],{"class":2348},[42,78387,70],{"class":56},[42,78389,3325],{"class":2348},[42,78391,70],{"class":56},[42,78393,4946],{"class":2348},[42,78395,70],{"class":56},[42,78397,54500],{"class":2348},[42,78399,3970],{"class":56},[14,78401,78402,78403,122],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[693,78404,67441],{"href":51342},[28,78406,312],{"id":311},[33,78408,78410],{"className":35,"code":78409,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[17,78411,78412],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78413,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78433,78435,78437],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78415,8689],{"class":114},[42,78417,122],{"class":56},[42,78419,35159],{"class":125},[42,78421,57],{"class":56},[42,78423,15198],{"class":83},[42,78425,88],{"class":87},[42,78427,4115],{"class":4190},[42,78429,70],{"class":56},[42,78431,78432],{"class":83}," reverse",[42,78434,88],{"class":87},[42,78436,4009],{"class":4190},[42,78438,143],{"class":56},[14,78440,78441],{},"Main arguments:",[167,78443,78444,78449,78455],{},[170,78445,78446,78448],{},[17,78447,15198],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[170,78450,78451,78454],{},[17,78452,78453],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[170,78456,78457],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,78459,219],{},[33,78461,78463],{"className":35,"code":78462,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78464,78465,78489,78507,78511],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78466,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78468,3952],{"class":114},[42,78470,88],{"class":87},[42,78472,3957],{"class":56},[42,78474,2836],{"class":2348},[42,78476,70],{"class":56},[42,78478,5842],{"class":2348},[42,78480,70],{"class":56},[42,78482,6339],{"class":2348},[42,78484,70],{"class":56},[42,78486,3325],{"class":2348},[42,78488,3970],{"class":56},[42,78490,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78492,3984],{"class":114},[42,78494,122],{"class":56},[42,78496,35159],{"class":125},[42,78498,57],{"class":56},[42,78500,73939],{"class":83},[42,78502,88],{"class":87},[42,78504,3937],{"class":4190},[42,78506,143],{"class":56},[42,78508,78509],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78510,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,78512,78513,78515,78517,78519],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,78514,284],{"class":52},[42,78516,57],{"class":56},[42,78518,3984],{"class":125},[42,78520,143],{"class":56},[14,78522,2395],{},[33,78524,78526],{"className":35,"code":78525,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[17,78527,78528],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78531,4238],{"class":56},[42,78533,2349],{"class":2348},[42,78535,70],{"class":56},[42,78537,2787],{"class":2348},[42,78539,70],{"class":56},[42,78541,3325],{"class":2348},[42,78543,70],{"class":56},[42,78545,5842],{"class":2348},[42,78547,3970],{"class":56},[28,78549,78551],{"id":78550},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,78553,146,78554,78556],{},[17,78555,64676],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[33,78558,78560],{"className":35,"code":78559,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78561,78562,78586,78596,78600],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78563,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78565,3952],{"class":114},[42,78567,88],{"class":87},[42,78569,3957],{"class":56},[42,78571,2659],{"class":2348},[42,78573,70],{"class":56},[42,78575,2781],{"class":2348},[42,78577,70],{"class":56},[42,78579,6706],{"class":2348},[42,78581,70],{"class":56},[42,78583,5842],{"class":2348},[42,78585,3970],{"class":56},[42,78587,78588,78590,78592,78594],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78589,3984],{"class":114},[42,78591,122],{"class":56},[42,78593,35159],{"class":125},[42,78595,129],{"class":56},[42,78597,78598],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78599,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,78601,78602,78604,78606,78608],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,78603,284],{"class":52},[42,78605,57],{"class":56},[42,78607,3984],{"class":125},[42,78609,143],{"class":56},[14,78611,2395],{},[33,78613,78615],{"className":35,"code":78614,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[17,78616,78617],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78618,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78620,4238],{"class":56},[42,78622,3320],{"class":2348},[42,78624,70],{"class":56},[42,78626,2781],{"class":2348},[42,78628,70],{"class":56},[42,78630,6706],{"class":2348},[42,78632,70],{"class":56},[42,78634,6350],{"class":2348},[42,78636,3970],{"class":56},[14,78638,146,78639,78641],{},[17,78640,78453],{}," for descending order:",[33,78643,78645],{"className":35,"code":78644,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,78646,78647,78671,78689,78693],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78648,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78650,3952],{"class":114},[42,78652,88],{"class":87},[42,78654,3957],{"class":56},[42,78656,2659],{"class":2348},[42,78658,70],{"class":56},[42,78660,2781],{"class":2348},[42,78662,70],{"class":56},[42,78664,6706],{"class":2348},[42,78666,70],{"class":56},[42,78668,5842],{"class":2348},[42,78670,3970],{"class":56},[42,78672,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685,78687],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78674,3984],{"class":114},[42,78676,122],{"class":56},[42,78678,35159],{"class":125},[42,78680,57],{"class":56},[42,78682,73939],{"class":83},[42,78684,88],{"class":87},[42,78686,3937],{"class":4190},[42,78688,143],{"class":56},[42,78690,78691],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78692,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,78694,78695,78697,78699,78701],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,78696,284],{"class":52},[42,78698,57],{"class":56},[42,78700,3984],{"class":125},[42,78702,143],{"class":56},[14,78704,2395],{},[33,78706,78708],{"className":35,"code":78707,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[17,78709,78710],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78711,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78713,4238],{"class":56},[42,78715,2659],{"class":2348},[42,78717,70],{"class":56},[42,78719,6706],{"class":2348},[42,78721,70],{"class":56},[42,78723,2781],{"class":2348},[42,78725,70],{"class":56},[42,78727,5842],{"class":2348},[42,78729,3970],{"class":56},[14,78731,78732],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,78734,78735,78736,122],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[693,78737,78739],{"href":78738},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[28,78741,78743],{"id":78742},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,78745,78746],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[33,78748,78750],{"className":35,"code":78749,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78751,78752,78784,78794,78798],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78753,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78755,4409],{"class":114},[42,78757,88],{"class":87},[42,78759,3957],{"class":56},[42,78761,61],{"class":60},[42,78763,4427],{"class":64},[42,78765,61],{"class":60},[42,78767,70],{"class":56},[42,78769,73],{"class":60},[42,78771,4418],{"class":64},[42,78773,61],{"class":60},[42,78775,70],{"class":56},[42,78777,73],{"class":60},[42,78779,4436],{"class":64},[42,78781,61],{"class":60},[42,78783,3970],{"class":56},[42,78785,78786,78788,78790,78792],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78787,4453],{"class":114},[42,78789,122],{"class":56},[42,78791,35159],{"class":125},[42,78793,129],{"class":56},[42,78795,78796],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78797,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,78799,78800,78802,78804,78806],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,78801,284],{"class":52},[42,78803,57],{"class":56},[42,78805,4453],{"class":125},[42,78807,143],{"class":56},[14,78809,2395],{},[33,78811,78813],{"className":35,"code":78812,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,78814,78815],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78816,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78818,4238],{"class":56},[42,78820,868],{"class":60},[42,78822,4418],{"class":64},[42,78824,868],{"class":60},[42,78826,70],{"class":56},[42,78828,862],{"class":60},[42,78830,4427],{"class":64},[42,78832,868],{"class":60},[42,78834,70],{"class":56},[42,78836,862],{"class":60},[42,78838,4436],{"class":64},[42,78840,868],{"class":60},[42,78842,3970],{"class":56},[14,78844,78845],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[33,78847,78849],{"className":35,"code":78848,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78850,78851,78883,78893,78897],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78852,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78854,4409],{"class":114},[42,78856,88],{"class":87},[42,78858,3957],{"class":56},[42,78860,61],{"class":60},[42,78862,4427],{"class":64},[42,78864,61],{"class":60},[42,78866,70],{"class":56},[42,78868,73],{"class":60},[42,78870,58133],{"class":64},[42,78872,61],{"class":60},[42,78874,70],{"class":56},[42,78876,73],{"class":60},[42,78878,4436],{"class":64},[42,78880,61],{"class":60},[42,78882,3970],{"class":56},[42,78884,78885,78887,78889,78891],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78886,4453],{"class":114},[42,78888,122],{"class":56},[42,78890,35159],{"class":125},[42,78892,129],{"class":56},[42,78894,78895],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,78896,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,78898,78899,78901,78903,78905],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,78900,284],{"class":52},[42,78902,57],{"class":56},[42,78904,4453],{"class":125},[42,78906,143],{"class":56},[14,78908,2395],{},[33,78910,78912],{"className":35,"code":78911,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,78913,78914],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78915,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78917,4238],{"class":56},[42,78919,868],{"class":60},[42,78921,58133],{"class":64},[42,78923,868],{"class":60},[42,78925,70],{"class":56},[42,78927,862],{"class":60},[42,78929,4427],{"class":64},[42,78931,868],{"class":60},[42,78933,70],{"class":56},[42,78935,862],{"class":60},[42,78937,4436],{"class":64},[42,78939,868],{"class":60},[42,78941,3970],{"class":56},[14,78943,78944,78945,1935],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[17,78946,78947],{},"key=str.lower",[33,78949,78951],{"className":35,"code":78950,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,78952,78953,78985,79007,79011],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,78954,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977,78979,78981,78983],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,78956,4409],{"class":114},[42,78958,88],{"class":87},[42,78960,3957],{"class":56},[42,78962,61],{"class":60},[42,78964,4427],{"class":64},[42,78966,61],{"class":60},[42,78968,70],{"class":56},[42,78970,73],{"class":60},[42,78972,58133],{"class":64},[42,78974,61],{"class":60},[42,78976,70],{"class":56},[42,78978,73],{"class":60},[42,78980,4436],{"class":64},[42,78982,61],{"class":60},[42,78984,3970],{"class":56},[42,78986,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,78988,4453],{"class":114},[42,78990,122],{"class":56},[42,78992,35159],{"class":125},[42,78994,57],{"class":56},[42,78996,15198],{"class":83},[42,78998,88],{"class":87},[42,79000,3775],{"class":834},[42,79002,122],{"class":56},[42,79004,8990],{"class":2022},[42,79006,143],{"class":56},[42,79008,79009],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79010,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79012,79013,79015,79017,79019],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79014,284],{"class":52},[42,79016,57],{"class":56},[42,79018,4453],{"class":125},[42,79020,143],{"class":56},[14,79022,2395],{},[33,79024,79025],{"className":35,"code":78911,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,79026,79027],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79028,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79030,4238],{"class":56},[42,79032,868],{"class":60},[42,79034,58133],{"class":64},[42,79036,868],{"class":60},[42,79038,70],{"class":56},[42,79040,862],{"class":60},[42,79042,4427],{"class":64},[42,79044,868],{"class":60},[42,79046,70],{"class":56},[42,79048,862],{"class":60},[42,79050,4436],{"class":64},[42,79052,868],{"class":60},[42,79054,3970],{"class":56},[14,79056,79057,79058,79061],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[17,79059,79060],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[28,79063,36973,79065,36976],{"id":79064},"using-the-key-argument",[17,79066,15198],{},[14,79068,2303,79069,79071],{},[17,79070,15198],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,79073,7690],{},[167,79075,79076,79081],{},[170,79077,79078,79080],{},[17,79079,11515],{}," to sort by length",[170,79082,79083,79085],{},[17,79084,79060],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,79087,79088],{},"Sort words by length:",[33,79090,79092],{"className":35,"code":79091,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79093,79094,79135,79153,79157],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79095,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79107,79109,79111,79113,79115,79117,79119,79121,79123,79125,79127,79129,79131,79133],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79097,4409],{"class":114},[42,79099,88],{"class":87},[42,79101,3957],{"class":56},[42,79103,61],{"class":60},[42,79105,79106],{"class":64},"pear",[42,79108,61],{"class":60},[42,79110,70],{"class":56},[42,79112,73],{"class":60},[42,79114,4427],{"class":64},[42,79116,61],{"class":60},[42,79118,70],{"class":56},[42,79120,73],{"class":60},[42,79122,38720],{"class":64},[42,79124,61],{"class":60},[42,79126,70],{"class":56},[42,79128,73],{"class":60},[42,79130,4418],{"class":64},[42,79132,61],{"class":60},[42,79134,3970],{"class":56},[42,79136,79137,79139,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79138,4453],{"class":114},[42,79140,122],{"class":56},[42,79142,35159],{"class":125},[42,79144,57],{"class":56},[42,79146,15198],{"class":83},[42,79148,88],{"class":87},[42,79150,11515],{"class":52},[42,79152,143],{"class":56},[42,79154,79155],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79156,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79158,79159,79161,79163,79165],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79160,284],{"class":52},[42,79162,57],{"class":56},[42,79164,4453],{"class":125},[42,79166,143],{"class":56},[14,79168,2395],{},[33,79170,79172],{"className":35,"code":79171,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[17,79173,79174],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79175,79176,79178,79180,79182,79184,79186,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204,79206,79208],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79177,4238],{"class":56},[42,79179,868],{"class":60},[42,79181,38720],{"class":64},[42,79183,868],{"class":60},[42,79185,70],{"class":56},[42,79187,862],{"class":60},[42,79189,79106],{"class":64},[42,79191,868],{"class":60},[42,79193,70],{"class":56},[42,79195,862],{"class":60},[42,79197,4418],{"class":64},[42,79199,868],{"class":60},[42,79201,70],{"class":56},[42,79203,862],{"class":60},[42,79205,4427],{"class":64},[42,79207,868],{"class":60},[42,79209,3970],{"class":56},[14,79211,79212],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[33,79214,79216],{"className":35,"code":79215,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79217,79218,79251,79273,79277],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79219,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244,79247,79249],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79221,4409],{"class":114},[42,79223,88],{"class":87},[42,79225,3957],{"class":56},[42,79227,61],{"class":60},[42,79229,5355],{"class":64},[42,79231,61],{"class":60},[42,79233,70],{"class":56},[42,79235,73],{"class":60},[42,79237,18162],{"class":64},[42,79239,61],{"class":60},[42,79241,70],{"class":56},[42,79243,73],{"class":60},[42,79245,79246],{"class":64},"Carol",[42,79248,61],{"class":60},[42,79250,3970],{"class":56},[42,79252,79253,79255,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79254,4453],{"class":114},[42,79256,122],{"class":56},[42,79258,35159],{"class":125},[42,79260,57],{"class":56},[42,79262,15198],{"class":83},[42,79264,88],{"class":87},[42,79266,3775],{"class":834},[42,79268,122],{"class":56},[42,79270,8990],{"class":2022},[42,79272,143],{"class":56},[42,79274,79275],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79276,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79278,79279,79281,79283,79285],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79280,284],{"class":52},[42,79282,57],{"class":56},[42,79284,4453],{"class":125},[42,79286,143],{"class":56},[14,79288,2395],{},[33,79290,79292],{"className":35,"code":79291,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[17,79293,79294],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79295,79296,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79297,4238],{"class":56},[42,79299,868],{"class":60},[42,79301,18162],{"class":64},[42,79303,868],{"class":60},[42,79305,70],{"class":56},[42,79307,862],{"class":60},[42,79309,5355],{"class":64},[42,79311,868],{"class":60},[42,79313,70],{"class":56},[42,79315,862],{"class":60},[42,79317,79246],{"class":64},[42,79319,868],{"class":60},[42,79321,3970],{"class":56},[14,79323,2303,79324,79326],{},[17,79325,15198],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[28,79328,79330,10937,79332],{"id":79329},"listsort-vs-sorted",[17,79331,78229],{},[17,79333,74786],{},[14,79335,79336,1753,79338,79340],{},[17,79337,78229],{},[17,79339,74786],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,79342,79343,1935],{},[17,79344,78229],{},[167,79346,79347,79350],{},[170,79348,79349],{},"Changes the existing list",[170,79351,11778,79352],{},[17,79353,4115],{},[14,79355,79356,1935],{},[17,79357,74786],{},[167,79359,79360,79363],{},[170,79361,79362],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[170,79364,79365],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,79367,219],{},[33,79369,79371],{"className":35,"code":79370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[17,79372,79373,79393,79397,79411,79415,79425],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79374,79375,79377,79379,79381,79383,79385,79387,79389,79391],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79376,3952],{"class":114},[42,79378,88],{"class":87},[42,79380,3957],{"class":56},[42,79382,2387],{"class":2348},[42,79384,70],{"class":56},[42,79386,5842],{"class":2348},[42,79388,70],{"class":56},[42,79390,3325],{"class":2348},[42,79392,3970],{"class":56},[42,79394,79395],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79396,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79398,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79400,56254],{"class":114},[42,79402,88],{"class":87},[42,79404,74920],{"class":52},[42,79406,57],{"class":56},[42,79408,3984],{"class":125},[42,79410,143],{"class":56},[42,79412,79413],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79414,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79416,79417,79419,79421,79423],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,79418,284],{"class":52},[42,79420,57],{"class":56},[42,79422,3984],{"class":125},[42,79424,143],{"class":56},[42,79426,79427,79429,79431,79433],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,79428,284],{"class":52},[42,79430,57],{"class":56},[42,79432,74643],{"class":125},[42,79434,143],{"class":56},[14,79436,2395],{},[33,79438,79439],{"className":35,"code":74955,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,79440,79441,79457],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79442,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79444,4238],{"class":56},[42,79446,2387],{"class":2348},[42,79448,70],{"class":56},[42,79450,5842],{"class":2348},[42,79452,70],{"class":56},[42,79454,3325],{"class":2348},[42,79456,3970],{"class":56},[42,79458,79459,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79460,4238],{"class":56},[42,79462,3320],{"class":2348},[42,79464,70],{"class":56},[42,79466,3325],{"class":2348},[42,79468,70],{"class":56},[42,79470,2781],{"class":2348},[42,79472,3970],{"class":56},[14,79474,146,79475,79477],{},[17,79476,74786],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,79479,79480,79481,1753,79485,122],{},"You can learn more in ",[693,79482,3908,79483,6128],{"href":74883},[17,79484,74786],{},[693,79486,79488],{"href":79487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[28,79490,1929],{"id":1928},[14,79492,79493,79494,122],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,79495,78229],{},[1073,79497,12950,79499],{"id":79498},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[17,79500,64676],{},[14,79502,26048],{},[33,79504,79506],{"className":35,"code":79505,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,79507,79508,79528,79542,79546,79556],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79509,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79511,3952],{"class":114},[42,79513,88],{"class":87},[42,79515,3957],{"class":56},[42,79517,2387],{"class":2348},[42,79519,70],{"class":56},[42,79521,5842],{"class":2348},[42,79523,70],{"class":56},[42,79525,3325],{"class":2348},[42,79527,3970],{"class":56},[42,79529,79530,79532,79534,79536,79538,79540],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79531,2555],{"class":114},[42,79533,88],{"class":87},[42,79535,4603],{"class":114},[42,79537,122],{"class":56},[42,79539,35159],{"class":125},[42,79541,129],{"class":56},[42,79543,79544],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79545,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79547,79548,79550,79552,79554],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79549,284],{"class":52},[42,79551,57],{"class":56},[42,79553,2592],{"class":125},[42,79555,143],{"class":56},[42,79557,79558,79560,79562,79564],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,79559,284],{"class":52},[42,79561,57],{"class":56},[42,79563,3984],{"class":125},[42,79565,143],{"class":56},[14,79567,2395],{},[33,79569,79571],{"className":35,"code":79570,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[17,79572,79573,79577],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79574,79575],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79576,12163],{"class":4190},[42,79578,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79580,4238],{"class":56},[42,79582,3320],{"class":2348},[42,79584,70],{"class":56},[42,79586,3325],{"class":2348},[42,79588,70],{"class":56},[42,79590,2781],{"class":2348},[42,79592,3970],{"class":56},[14,79594,79595,79597,79598,122],{},[17,79596,64676],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[17,79599,4115],{},[14,79601,79602,79603,6978],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[17,79604,74786],{},[1073,79606,79608],{"id":79607},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,79610,79611],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[33,79613,79615],{"className":35,"code":79614,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[17,79616,79617,79642],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79618,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79634,79636,79638,79640],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79620,8128],{"class":114},[42,79622,88],{"class":87},[42,79624,3957],{"class":56},[42,79626,3320],{"class":2348},[42,79628,70],{"class":56},[42,79630,73],{"class":60},[42,79632,79633],{"class":64},"two",[42,79635,61],{"class":60},[42,79637,70],{"class":56},[42,79639,2781],{"class":2348},[42,79641,3970],{"class":56},[42,79643,79644,79646,79648,79650],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79645,8159],{"class":114},[42,79647,122],{"class":56},[42,79649,35159],{"class":125},[42,79651,129],{"class":56},[14,79653,3335,79654,79656],{},[17,79655,3338],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1073,79658,5045,79660,79662],{"id":79659},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[17,79661,64676],{}," only works on lists",[14,79664,79665,79667],{},[17,79666,64676],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,79669,17002],{},[33,79671,79673],{"className":35,"code":79672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[17,79674,79675,79687],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79676,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79678,35048],{"class":114},[42,79680,88],{"class":87},[42,79682,73],{"class":60},[42,79684,37],{"class":64},[42,79686,3689],{"class":60},[42,79688,79689,79691,79693,79695],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79690,444],{"class":114},[42,79692,122],{"class":56},[42,79694,35159],{"class":125},[42,79696,129],{"class":56},[14,79698,79699,79700,33961],{},"Strings do not have a ",[17,79701,64676],{},[14,79703,79704],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[33,79706,79708],{"className":35,"code":79707,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,79709,79710,79728,79738,79742],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79711,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79713,36450],{"class":114},[42,79715,88],{"class":87},[42,79717,22917],{"class":834},[42,79719,57],{"class":56},[42,79721,61],{"class":60},[42,79723,37],{"class":64},[42,79725,61],{"class":60},[42,79727,143],{"class":56},[42,79729,79730,79732,79734,79736],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79731,36503],{"class":114},[42,79733,122],{"class":56},[42,79735,35159],{"class":125},[42,79737,129],{"class":56},[42,79739,79740],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79741,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79743,79744,79746,79748,79750],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79745,284],{"class":52},[42,79747,57],{"class":56},[42,79749,36503],{"class":125},[42,79751,143],{"class":56},[14,79753,2395],{},[33,79755,79757],{"className":35,"code":79756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[17,79758,79759],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79760,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79762,4238],{"class":56},[42,79764,868],{"class":60},[42,79766,60804],{"class":64},[42,79768,868],{"class":60},[42,79770,70],{"class":56},[42,79772,862],{"class":60},[42,79774,76392],{"class":64},[42,79776,868],{"class":60},[42,79778,70],{"class":56},[42,79780,862],{"class":60},[42,79782,60839],{"class":64},[42,79784,868],{"class":60},[42,79786,70],{"class":56},[42,79788,862],{"class":60},[42,79790,14],{"class":64},[42,79792,868],{"class":60},[42,79794,70],{"class":56},[42,79796,862],{"class":60},[42,79798,63651],{"class":64},[42,79800,868],{"class":60},[42,79802,70],{"class":56},[42,79804,862],{"class":60},[42,79806,12100],{"class":64},[42,79808,868],{"class":60},[42,79810,3970],{"class":56},[1073,79812,79814,79815,79817],{"id":79813},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[17,79816,15198],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79819,79820,79821,122],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[17,79822,15198],{},[14,79824,79825,79826,79828],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[17,79827,64676],{}," will not do that:",[33,79830,79832],{"className":35,"code":79831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79833,79834,79866,79884,79888],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79835,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862,79864],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79837,4409],{"class":114},[42,79839,88],{"class":87},[42,79841,3957],{"class":56},[42,79843,61],{"class":60},[42,79845,4427],{"class":64},[42,79847,61],{"class":60},[42,79849,70],{"class":56},[42,79851,73],{"class":60},[42,79853,38720],{"class":64},[42,79855,61],{"class":60},[42,79857,70],{"class":56},[42,79859,73],{"class":60},[42,79861,4418],{"class":64},[42,79863,61],{"class":60},[42,79865,3970],{"class":56},[42,79867,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79869,4453],{"class":114},[42,79871,122],{"class":56},[42,79873,35159],{"class":125},[42,79875,57],{"class":56},[42,79877,15198],{"class":83},[42,79879,88],{"class":87},[42,79881,11515],{"class":52},[42,79883,143],{"class":56},[42,79885,79886],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79887,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79889,79890,79892,79894,79896],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79891,284],{"class":52},[42,79893,57],{"class":56},[42,79895,4453],{"class":125},[42,79897,143],{"class":56},[1073,79899,79901],{"id":79900},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79903,79904],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[33,79906,79908],{"className":35,"code":79907,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,79909,79910,79944,79954,79958],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79911,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79940,79942],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79913,4409],{"class":114},[42,79915,88],{"class":87},[42,79917,3957],{"class":56},[42,79919,61],{"class":60},[42,79921,79922],{"class":64},"zebra",[42,79924,61],{"class":60},[42,79926,70],{"class":56},[42,79928,73],{"class":60},[42,79930,58133],{"class":64},[42,79932,61],{"class":60},[42,79934,70],{"class":56},[42,79936,73],{"class":60},[42,79938,79939],{"class":64},"monkey",[42,79941,61],{"class":60},[42,79943,3970],{"class":56},[42,79945,79946,79948,79950,79952],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,79947,4453],{"class":114},[42,79949,122],{"class":56},[42,79951,35159],{"class":125},[42,79953,129],{"class":56},[42,79955,79956],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,79957,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,79959,79960,79962,79964,79966],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,79961,284],{"class":52},[42,79963,57],{"class":56},[42,79965,4453],{"class":125},[42,79967,143],{"class":56},[14,79969,2395],{},[33,79971,79973],{"className":35,"code":79972,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[17,79974,79975],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,79976,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,79978,4238],{"class":56},[42,79980,868],{"class":60},[42,79982,58133],{"class":64},[42,79984,868],{"class":60},[42,79986,70],{"class":56},[42,79988,862],{"class":60},[42,79990,79939],{"class":64},[42,79992,868],{"class":60},[42,79994,70],{"class":56},[42,79996,862],{"class":60},[42,79998,79922],{"class":64},[42,80000,868],{"class":60},[42,80002,3970],{"class":56},[14,80004,146,80005,80007],{},[17,80006,78947],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1073,80009,61074],{"id":61073},[14,80011,80012],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[33,80014,80016],{"className":35,"code":80015,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[17,80017,80018,80028,80042,80056,80070],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80019,80020,80022,80024,80026],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80021,284],{"class":52},[42,80023,57],{"class":56},[42,80025,8689],{"class":125},[42,80027,143],{"class":56},[42,80029,80030,80032,80034,80036,80038,80040],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,80031,284],{"class":52},[42,80033,57],{"class":56},[42,80035,835],{"class":834},[42,80037,57],{"class":56},[42,80039,8689],{"class":125},[42,80041,842],{"class":56},[42,80043,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052,80054],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,80045,284],{"class":52},[42,80047,57],{"class":56},[42,80049,8689],{"class":125},[42,80051,122],{"class":56},[42,80053,35159],{"class":125},[42,80055,584],{"class":56},[42,80057,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,80059,284],{"class":52},[42,80061,57],{"class":56},[42,80063,74876],{"class":52},[42,80065,57],{"class":56},[42,80067,8689],{"class":125},[42,80069,842],{"class":56},[42,80071,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080,80082,80084,80086,80088,80090,80092],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,80073,284],{"class":52},[42,80075,3317],{"class":56},[42,80077,835],{"class":834},[42,80079,57],{"class":56},[42,80081,23668],{"class":125},[42,80083,98],{"class":56},[42,80085,4215],{"class":48},[42,80087,6306],{"class":125},[42,80089,1299],{"class":48},[42,80091,8746],{"class":125},[42,80093,4226],{"class":56},[14,80095,11524],{},[167,80097,80098,80101,80104,80111,80117],{},[170,80099,80100],{},"What values are in the list",[170,80102,80103],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[170,80105,80106,80107,2726,80109],{},"That ",[17,80108,64676],{},[17,80110,4115],{},[170,80112,80113,80114,80116],{},"Whether ",[17,80115,74786],{}," works better for your case",[170,80118,80119],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,80121,80122,80123,80125],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[17,80124,3338],{}," problems.",[28,80127,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,80129,13060,80131,55833],{"id":80130},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[17,80132,78229],{},[14,80134,62967,80135,122],{},[17,80136,4115],{},[1073,80138,2171,80140,1753,80142,2823],{"id":80139},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[17,80141,64676],{},[17,80143,74786],{},[14,80145,80146,80148,80149,80151],{},[17,80147,64676],{}," changes the list itself. ",[17,80150,74786],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1073,80153,80155],{"id":80154},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,80157,19053],{},[33,80159,80161],{"className":35,"code":80160,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[17,80162,80163],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80164,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80166,8689],{"class":114},[42,80168,122],{"class":56},[42,80170,35159],{"class":125},[42,80172,57],{"class":56},[42,80174,73939],{"class":83},[42,80176,88],{"class":87},[42,80178,3937],{"class":4190},[42,80180,143],{"class":56},[1073,80182,80184],{"id":80183},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,80186,19053],{},[33,80188,80190],{"className":35,"code":80189,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[17,80191,80192],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80193,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80195,8689],{"class":114},[42,80197,122],{"class":56},[42,80199,35159],{"class":125},[42,80201,57],{"class":56},[42,80203,15198],{"class":83},[42,80205,88],{"class":87},[42,80207,3775],{"class":834},[42,80209,122],{"class":56},[42,80211,8990],{"class":2022},[42,80213,143],{"class":56},[14,80215,80216],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1073,80218,80220,80221,80223],{"id":80219},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[17,80222,3338],{}," when sorting?",[14,80225,80226],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[28,80228,2205],{"id":2204},[167,80230,80231,80236,80242,80246],{},[170,80232,80233],{},[693,80234,80235],{"href":78738},"How to sort a list in Python",[170,80237,80238],{},[693,80239,3908,80240,6128],{"href":74883},[17,80241,74786],{},[170,80243,80244],{},[693,80245,67441],{"href":51342},[170,80247,80248],{},[693,80249,79488],{"href":79487},[2245,80251,80252],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":80254},[80255,80256,80258,80259,80260,80261,80263,80265,80276,80286],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":78295,"depth":111,"text":80257},"What list.sort() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":78550,"depth":111,"text":78551},{"id":78742,"depth":111,"text":78743},{"id":79064,"depth":111,"text":80262},"Using the key argument",{"id":79329,"depth":111,"text":80264},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":80266},[80267,80269,80270,80272,80274,80275],{"id":79498,"depth":132,"text":80268},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79607,"depth":132,"text":79608},{"id":79659,"depth":132,"text":80271},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79813,"depth":132,"text":80273},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79900,"depth":132,"text":79901},{"id":61073,"depth":132,"text":61074},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":80277},[80278,80280,80282,80283,80284],{"id":80130,"depth":132,"text":80279},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":80139,"depth":132,"text":80281},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":80154,"depth":132,"text":80155},{"id":80183,"depth":132,"text":80184},{"id":80219,"depth":132,"text":80285},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78217,"description":80287},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80294,"title":80295,"body":80296,"description":82927,"extension":2285,"meta":82928,"navigation":2287,"path":82929,"seo":82930,"stem":82931,"__hash__":82932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80297,"toc":82886},[80298,80303,80308,80311,80322,80325,80345,80347,80409,80411,80452,80461,80466,80471,80477,80488,80490,80509,80512,80517,80522,80524,80529,80543,80545,80563,80566,80583,80586,80592,80615,80620,80622,80625,80686,80688,80721,80723,80762,80770,80780,80786,80791,80884,80886,80910,80912,80930,80933,80964,80970,80975,80978,80980,81105,81107,81131,81133,81152,81158,81164,81283,81285,81302,81309,81315,81320,81327,81333,81335,81392,81395,81416,81419,81422,81483,81485,81518,81522,81592,81594,81611,81615,81618,81693,81695,81732,81735,81738,81809,81811,81872,81877,81882,81885,81899,81901,81974,81976,81996,81999,82002,82059,82121,82124,82156,82159,82174,82179,82181,82187,82190,82246,82249,82251,82270,82274,82276,82320,82329,82331,82391,82395,82398,82400,82493,82495,82610,82614,82616,82690,82693,82696,82698,82703,82768,82770,82794,82804,82806,82812,82821,82830,82839,82845,82848,82852,82855,82857,82883],[10,80299,3908,80301,3912],{"id":80300},"python-map-function-explained",[17,80302,40079],{},[14,80304,3915,80305,80307],{},[17,80306,40079],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80309,80310],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[167,80312,80313,80316,80319],{},[170,80314,80315],{},"converting numbers to strings",[170,80317,80318],{},"changing strings to integers",[170,80320,80321],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,80323,80324],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[167,80326,80327,80334,80340],{},[170,80328,80329,1518,80331,80333],{},[17,80330,40079],{},[177,80332,179],{}," return a list in Python 3",[170,80335,80336,80337],{},"it returns a ",[177,80338,80339],{},"map object",[170,80341,80342,80343],{},"you often convert that result with ",[17,80344,25138],{},[28,80346,31],{"id":30},[33,80348,80350],{"className":35,"code":80349,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80351,80352,80376,80395],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80353,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364,80366,80368,80370,80372,80374],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80355,3952],{"class":114},[42,80357,88],{"class":87},[42,80359,3957],{"class":56},[42,80361,3320],{"class":2348},[42,80363,70],{"class":56},[42,80365,3325],{"class":2348},[42,80367,70],{"class":56},[42,80369,2781],{"class":2348},[42,80371,70],{"class":56},[42,80373,2787],{"class":2348},[42,80375,3970],{"class":56},[42,80377,80378,80380,80382,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,80379,2555],{"class":114},[42,80381,88],{"class":87},[42,80383,80384],{"class":52}," map",[42,80386,57],{"class":56},[42,80388,3775],{"class":834},[42,80390,70],{"class":56},[42,80392,4603],{"class":125},[42,80394,143],{"class":56},[42,80396,80397,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,80398,284],{"class":52},[42,80400,57],{"class":56},[42,80402,8443],{"class":834},[42,80404,57],{"class":56},[42,80406,2592],{"class":125},[42,80408,842],{"class":56},[14,80410,2395],{},[33,80412,80414],{"className":35,"code":80413,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[17,80415,80416],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80417,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80419,4238],{"class":56},[42,80421,868],{"class":60},[42,80423,3320],{"class":64},[42,80425,868],{"class":60},[42,80427,70],{"class":56},[42,80429,862],{"class":60},[42,80431,2381],{"class":64},[42,80433,868],{"class":60},[42,80435,70],{"class":56},[42,80437,862],{"class":60},[42,80439,2387],{"class":64},[42,80441,868],{"class":60},[42,80443,70],{"class":56},[42,80445,862],{"class":60},[42,80447,2836],{"class":64},[42,80449,868],{"class":60},[42,80451,3970],{"class":56},[14,80453,146,80454,80457,80458,80460],{},[17,80455,80456],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[17,80459,25138],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[28,80462,4013,80464,4016],{"id":80463},"what-map-does",[17,80465,40079],{},[14,80467,80468,80470],{},[17,80469,40079],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,80472,80473,80474,80476],{},"An ",[177,80475,4057],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[167,80478,80479,80481,80483,80485],{},[170,80480,38263],{},[170,80482,38266],{},[170,80484,38269],{},[170,80486,80487],{},"a range object",[14,80489,31084],{},[33,80491,80493],{"className":35,"code":80492,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"map(function, iterable)\n",[17,80494,80495],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80496,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80498,40222],{"class":52},[42,80500,57],{"class":56},[42,80502,38222],{"class":125},[42,80504,70],{"class":56},[42,80506,38227],{"class":125},[42,80508,143],{"class":56},[14,80510,80511],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,80513,80514,80515,34102],{},"Important: the result is a ",[177,80516,80339],{},[14,80518,80519,80520,122],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[693,80521,5479],{"href":5478},[28,80523,312],{"id":311},[14,80525,80526,80528],{},[17,80527,40079],{}," needs at least two parts:",[167,80530,80531,80537],{},[170,80532,80533,80536],{},[177,80534,80535],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[170,80538,80539,80542],{},[177,80540,80541],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,80544,4042],{},[33,80546,80547],{"className":35,"code":80492,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,80548,80549],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80550,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559,80561],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80552,40222],{"class":52},[42,80554,57],{"class":56},[42,80556,38222],{"class":125},[42,80558,70],{"class":56},[42,80560,38227],{"class":125},[42,80562,143],{"class":56},[14,80564,80565],{},"You can pass:",[167,80567,80568,80577,80580],{},[170,80569,80570,80571,2514,80573,2518,80575],{},"built-in functions like ",[17,80572,3775],{},[17,80574,2513],{},[17,80576,2340],{},[170,80578,80579],{},"your own custom function",[170,80581,80582],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,80584,80585],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,80587,80588,80589,80591],{},"You will often see ",[17,80590,40079],{}," used like this:",[33,80593,80595],{"className":35,"code":80594,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list(map(function, values))\n",[17,80596,80597],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80598,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80600,8443],{"class":834},[42,80602,57],{"class":56},[42,80604,40222],{"class":52},[42,80606,57],{"class":56},[42,80608,38222],{"class":125},[42,80610,70],{"class":56},[42,80612,4223],{"class":125},[42,80614,842],{"class":56},[14,80616,7024,80617,80619],{},[17,80618,25138],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[28,80621,11829],{"id":11828},[14,80623,80624],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[33,80626,80628],{"className":35,"code":80627,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80629,80630,80650,80668,80672],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80631,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642,80644,80646,80648],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80633,3952],{"class":114},[42,80635,88],{"class":87},[42,80637,3957],{"class":56},[42,80639,2659],{"class":2348},[42,80641,70],{"class":56},[42,80643,8139],{"class":2348},[42,80645,70],{"class":56},[42,80647,8144],{"class":2348},[42,80649,3970],{"class":56},[42,80651,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,80653,2555],{"class":114},[42,80655,88],{"class":87},[42,80657,80384],{"class":52},[42,80659,57],{"class":56},[42,80661,3775],{"class":834},[42,80663,70],{"class":56},[42,80665,4603],{"class":125},[42,80667,143],{"class":56},[42,80669,80670],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,80671,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,80673,80674,80676,80678,80680,80682,80684],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,80675,284],{"class":52},[42,80677,57],{"class":56},[42,80679,8443],{"class":834},[42,80681,57],{"class":56},[42,80683,2592],{"class":125},[42,80685,842],{"class":56},[14,80687,2395],{},[33,80689,80691],{"className":35,"code":80690,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[17,80692,80693],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80694,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80696,4238],{"class":56},[42,80698,868],{"class":60},[42,80700,2659],{"class":64},[42,80702,868],{"class":60},[42,80704,70],{"class":56},[42,80706,862],{"class":60},[42,80708,16112],{"class":64},[42,80710,868],{"class":60},[42,80712,70],{"class":56},[42,80714,862],{"class":60},[42,80716,37202],{"class":64},[42,80718,868],{"class":60},[42,80720,3970],{"class":56},[14,80722,12038],{},[167,80724,80725,80730,80738,80746,80754],{},[170,80726,80727,80729],{},[17,80728,3984],{}," contains integers",[170,80731,80732,80735,80736],{},[17,80733,80734],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[17,80737,48045],{},[170,80739,80740,42518,80743],{},[17,80741,80742],{},"str(10)",[17,80744,80745],{},"'10'",[170,80747,80748,42518,80751],{},[17,80749,80750],{},"str(20)",[17,80752,80753],{},"'20'",[170,80755,80756,42518,80759],{},[17,80757,80758],{},"str(30)",[17,80760,80761],{},"'30'",[14,80763,54017,80764,80766,80767,80769],{},[17,80765,40079],{}," applies ",[17,80768,48045],{}," one item at a time.",[14,80771,80772,80773,80775,80776,122],{},"If you want to understand ",[17,80774,25138],{}," better, see ",[693,80777,3908,80778,3841],{"href":65212},[17,80779,25138],{},[28,80781,1940,80783,80785],{"id":80782},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[17,80784,40079],{}," with your own function",[14,80787,16072,80788,80790],{},[17,80789,40079],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[33,80792,80794],{"className":35,"code":80793,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80795,80796,80809,80819,80823,80847,80866,80870],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80797,80798,80800,80803,80805,80807],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80799,35211],{"class":858},[42,80801,80802],{"class":35214}," double",[42,80804,57],{"class":56},[42,80806,2498],{"class":38024},[42,80808,8692],{"class":56},[42,80810,80811,80813,80815,80817],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,80812,35222],{"class":48},[42,80814,4218],{"class":114},[42,80816,40235],{"class":87},[42,80818,45952],{"class":2348},[42,80820,80821],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,80822,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,80824,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,80826,3952],{"class":114},[42,80828,88],{"class":87},[42,80830,3957],{"class":56},[42,80832,3320],{"class":2348},[42,80834,70],{"class":56},[42,80836,3325],{"class":2348},[42,80838,70],{"class":56},[42,80840,2781],{"class":2348},[42,80842,70],{"class":56},[42,80844,2787],{"class":2348},[42,80846,3970],{"class":56},[42,80848,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80860,80862,80864],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,80850,2555],{"class":114},[42,80852,88],{"class":87},[42,80854,80384],{"class":52},[42,80856,57],{"class":56},[42,80858,80859],{"class":125},"double",[42,80861,70],{"class":56},[42,80863,4603],{"class":125},[42,80865,143],{"class":56},[42,80867,80868],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,80869,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,80871,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,80873,284],{"class":52},[42,80875,57],{"class":56},[42,80877,8443],{"class":834},[42,80879,57],{"class":56},[42,80881,2592],{"class":125},[42,80883,842],{"class":56},[14,80885,2395],{},[33,80887,80888],{"className":35,"code":40248,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,80889,80890],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80891,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80893,4238],{"class":56},[42,80895,2381],{"class":2348},[42,80897,70],{"class":56},[42,80899,2787],{"class":2348},[42,80901,70],{"class":56},[42,80903,38005],{"class":2348},[42,80905,70],{"class":56},[42,80907,6706],{"class":2348},[42,80909,3970],{"class":56},[14,80911,65948],{},[167,80913,80914,80921,80927],{},[170,80915,80916,80918,80919],{},[17,80917,40079],{}," takes the function ",[17,80920,80859],{},[170,80922,80923,80924,80926],{},"it sends each item from ",[17,80925,3984],{}," into that function",[170,80928,80929],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80931,80932],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[167,80934,80935,80942,80949,80957],{},[170,80936,80937,6418,80940],{},[17,80938,80939],{},"double(1)",[17,80941,2381],{},[170,80943,80944,6418,80947],{},[17,80945,80946],{},"double(2)",[17,80948,2836],{},[170,80950,80951,6418,80954],{},[17,80952,80953],{},"double(3)",[17,80955,80956],{},"6",[170,80958,80959,6418,80962],{},[17,80960,80961],{},"double(4)",[17,80963,2674],{},[28,80965,1940,80967,80969],{"id":80966},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[17,80968,40079],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80971,80972,80974],{},[17,80973,40079],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80976,80977],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80979,219],{},[33,80981,80983],{"className":35,"code":80982,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,80984,80985,81002,81012,81016,81037,81058,81062,81087,81091],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,80986,80987,80989,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,80988,35211],{"class":858},[42,80990,80991],{"class":35214}," add_numbers",[42,80993,57],{"class":56},[42,80995,693],{"class":38024},[42,80997,70],{"class":56},[42,80999,2891],{"class":38024},[42,81001,8692],{"class":56},[42,81003,81004,81006,81008,81010],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81005,35222],{"class":48},[42,81007,44907],{"class":114},[42,81009,2384],{"class":87},[42,81011,36542],{"class":114},[42,81013,81014],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81015,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81017,81018,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81019,81020],{"class":114},"list1 ",[42,81022,88],{"class":87},[42,81024,3957],{"class":56},[42,81026,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81028,70],{"class":56},[42,81030,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81032,70],{"class":56},[42,81034,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81036,3970],{"class":56},[42,81038,81039,81042,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,81040,81041],{"class":114},"list2 ",[42,81043,88],{"class":87},[42,81045,3957],{"class":56},[42,81047,2659],{"class":2348},[42,81049,70],{"class":56},[42,81051,8139],{"class":2348},[42,81053,70],{"class":56},[42,81055,8144],{"class":2348},[42,81057,3970],{"class":56},[42,81059,81060],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,81061,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81063,81064,81066,81068,81070,81072,81075,81077,81080,81082,81085],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,81065,2555],{"class":114},[42,81067,88],{"class":87},[42,81069,80384],{"class":52},[42,81071,57],{"class":56},[42,81073,81074],{"class":125},"add_numbers",[42,81076,70],{"class":56},[42,81078,81079],{"class":125}," list1",[42,81081,70],{"class":56},[42,81083,81084],{"class":125}," list2",[42,81086,143],{"class":56},[42,81088,81089],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,81090,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81092,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,81094,284],{"class":52},[42,81096,57],{"class":56},[42,81098,8443],{"class":834},[42,81100,57],{"class":56},[42,81102,2592],{"class":125},[42,81104,842],{"class":56},[14,81106,2395],{},[33,81108,81110],{"className":35,"code":81109,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[17,81111,81112],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81113,81114,81116,81119,81121,81124,81126,81129],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81115,4238],{"class":56},[42,81117,81118],{"class":2348},"11",[42,81120,70],{"class":56},[42,81122,81123],{"class":2348}," 22",[42,81125,70],{"class":56},[42,81127,81128],{"class":2348}," 33",[42,81130,3970],{"class":56},[14,81132,2503],{},[167,81134,81135,81141,81147],{},[170,81136,81137,81138],{},"the first values are used together: ",[17,81139,81140],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[170,81142,81143,81144],{},"then ",[17,81145,81146],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[170,81148,81143,81149],{},[17,81150,81151],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1073,81153,81155,81157],{"id":81154},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[17,81156,40079],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,81159,81160,81161,81163],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[17,81162,40079],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[33,81165,81167],{"className":35,"code":81166,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,81168,81169,81185,81195,81199,81223,81239,81243,81265,81269],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81170,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81172,35211],{"class":858},[42,81174,80991],{"class":35214},[42,81176,57],{"class":56},[42,81178,693],{"class":38024},[42,81180,70],{"class":56},[42,81182,2891],{"class":38024},[42,81184,8692],{"class":56},[42,81186,81187,81189,81191,81193],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81188,35222],{"class":48},[42,81190,44907],{"class":114},[42,81192,2384],{"class":87},[42,81194,36542],{"class":114},[42,81196,81197],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81198,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81200,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81202,81020],{"class":114},[42,81204,88],{"class":87},[42,81206,3957],{"class":56},[42,81208,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81210,70],{"class":56},[42,81212,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81214,70],{"class":56},[42,81216,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81218,70],{"class":56},[42,81220,2787],{"class":2348},[42,81222,3970],{"class":56},[42,81224,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235,81237],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,81226,81041],{"class":114},[42,81228,88],{"class":87},[42,81230,3957],{"class":56},[42,81232,2659],{"class":2348},[42,81234,70],{"class":56},[42,81236,8139],{"class":2348},[42,81238,3970],{"class":56},[42,81240,81241],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,81242,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81244,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253,81255,81257,81259,81261,81263],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,81246,2555],{"class":114},[42,81248,88],{"class":87},[42,81250,80384],{"class":52},[42,81252,57],{"class":56},[42,81254,81074],{"class":125},[42,81256,70],{"class":56},[42,81258,81079],{"class":125},[42,81260,70],{"class":56},[42,81262,81084],{"class":125},[42,81264,143],{"class":56},[42,81266,81267],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,81268,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81270,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,81272,284],{"class":52},[42,81274,57],{"class":56},[42,81276,8443],{"class":834},[42,81278,57],{"class":56},[42,81280,2592],{"class":125},[42,81282,842],{"class":56},[14,81284,2395],{},[33,81286,81288],{"className":35,"code":81287,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[11, 22]\n",[17,81289,81290],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81291,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81293,4238],{"class":56},[42,81295,81118],{"class":2348},[42,81297,70],{"class":56},[42,81299,81123],{"class":2348},[42,81301,3970],{"class":56},[14,81303,81304,81305,81308],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[17,81306,81307],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[28,81310,81312,81314],{"id":81311},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[17,81313,40079],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,81316,38385,81317,81319],{},[17,81318,40079],{}," returns a map object.",[14,81321,81322,81323,81326],{},"This object is ",[177,81324,81325],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1073,81328,2819,81330,81332],{"id":81329},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[17,81331,33387],{}," looks strange",[14,81334,34003],{},[33,81336,81338],{"className":35,"code":81337,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,81339,81340,81360,81378,81382],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81341,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81343,3952],{"class":114},[42,81345,88],{"class":87},[42,81347,3957],{"class":56},[42,81349,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81351,70],{"class":56},[42,81353,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81355,70],{"class":56},[42,81357,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81359,3970],{"class":56},[42,81361,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81363,2555],{"class":114},[42,81365,88],{"class":87},[42,81367,80384],{"class":52},[42,81369,57],{"class":56},[42,81371,3775],{"class":834},[42,81373,70],{"class":56},[42,81375,4603],{"class":125},[42,81377,143],{"class":56},[42,81379,81380],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81381,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81383,81384,81386,81388,81390],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81385,284],{"class":52},[42,81387,57],{"class":56},[42,81389,2592],{"class":125},[42,81391,143],{"class":56},[14,81393,81394],{},"Output will look something like this:",[33,81396,81398],{"className":35,"code":81397,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[17,81399,81400],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81401,81402,81404,81406,81408,81410,81412,81414],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81403,855],{"class":87},[42,81405,40222],{"class":52},[42,81407,24975],{"class":834},[42,81409,37725],{"class":114},[42,81411,37729],{"class":37728},[42,81413,37732],{"class":657},[42,81415,871],{"class":87},[14,81417,81418],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,81420,81421],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[33,81423,81425],{"className":35,"code":81424,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,81426,81427,81447,81465,81469],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81428,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81430,3952],{"class":114},[42,81432,88],{"class":87},[42,81434,3957],{"class":56},[42,81436,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81438,70],{"class":56},[42,81440,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81442,70],{"class":56},[42,81444,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81446,3970],{"class":56},[42,81448,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81450,2555],{"class":114},[42,81452,88],{"class":87},[42,81454,80384],{"class":52},[42,81456,57],{"class":56},[42,81458,3775],{"class":834},[42,81460,70],{"class":56},[42,81462,4603],{"class":125},[42,81464,143],{"class":56},[42,81466,81467],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81468,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81470,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81472,284],{"class":52},[42,81474,57],{"class":56},[42,81476,8443],{"class":834},[42,81478,57],{"class":56},[42,81480,2592],{"class":125},[42,81482,842],{"class":56},[14,81484,2395],{},[33,81486,81488],{"className":35,"code":81487,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[17,81489,81490],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81491,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81493,4238],{"class":56},[42,81495,868],{"class":60},[42,81497,3320],{"class":64},[42,81499,868],{"class":60},[42,81501,70],{"class":56},[42,81503,862],{"class":60},[42,81505,2381],{"class":64},[42,81507,868],{"class":60},[42,81509,70],{"class":56},[42,81511,862],{"class":60},[42,81513,2387],{"class":64},[42,81515,868],{"class":60},[42,81517,3970],{"class":56},[1073,81519,81521],{"id":81520},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[33,81523,81525],{"className":35,"code":81524,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[17,81526,81527,81547,81565,81569,81582],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81528,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81530,3952],{"class":114},[42,81532,88],{"class":87},[42,81534,3957],{"class":56},[42,81536,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81538,70],{"class":56},[42,81540,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81542,70],{"class":56},[42,81544,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81546,3970],{"class":56},[42,81548,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81550,2555],{"class":114},[42,81552,88],{"class":87},[42,81554,80384],{"class":52},[42,81556,57],{"class":56},[42,81558,3775],{"class":834},[42,81560,70],{"class":56},[42,81562,4603],{"class":125},[42,81564,143],{"class":56},[42,81566,81567],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81568,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81570,81571,81573,81575,81577,81580],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81572,6303],{"class":48},[42,81574,6306],{"class":114},[42,81576,1299],{"class":48},[42,81578,81579],{"class":114}," result",[42,81581,108],{"class":56},[42,81583,81584,81586,81588,81590],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,81585,135],{"class":52},[42,81587,57],{"class":56},[42,81589,23668],{"class":125},[42,81591,143],{"class":56},[14,81593,2395],{},[33,81595,81597],{"className":35,"code":81596,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1\n2\n3\n",[17,81598,81599,81603,81607],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81600,81601],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81602,47280],{"class":2348},[42,81604,81605],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81606,17415],{"class":2348},[42,81608,81609],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81610,46980],{"class":2348},[1073,81612,81614],{"id":81613},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,81616,81617],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[33,81619,81621],{"className":35,"code":81620,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,81622,81623,81643,81661,81665,81679],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81624,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81626,3952],{"class":114},[42,81628,88],{"class":87},[42,81630,3957],{"class":56},[42,81632,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81634,70],{"class":56},[42,81636,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81638,70],{"class":56},[42,81640,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81642,3970],{"class":56},[42,81644,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81646,2555],{"class":114},[42,81648,88],{"class":87},[42,81650,80384],{"class":52},[42,81652,57],{"class":56},[42,81654,3775],{"class":834},[42,81656,70],{"class":56},[42,81658,4603],{"class":125},[42,81660,143],{"class":56},[42,81662,81663],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81664,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81666,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81668,284],{"class":52},[42,81670,57],{"class":56},[42,81672,8443],{"class":834},[42,81674,57],{"class":56},[42,81676,2592],{"class":125},[42,81678,842],{"class":56},[42,81680,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,81682,284],{"class":52},[42,81684,57],{"class":56},[42,81686,8443],{"class":834},[42,81688,57],{"class":56},[42,81690,2592],{"class":125},[42,81692,842],{"class":56},[14,81694,2395],{},[33,81696,81698],{"className":35,"code":81697,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[17,81699,81700,81728],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81701,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81703,4238],{"class":56},[42,81705,868],{"class":60},[42,81707,3320],{"class":64},[42,81709,868],{"class":60},[42,81711,70],{"class":56},[42,81713,862],{"class":60},[42,81715,2381],{"class":64},[42,81717,868],{"class":60},[42,81719,70],{"class":56},[42,81721,862],{"class":60},[42,81723,2387],{"class":64},[42,81725,868],{"class":60},[42,81727,3970],{"class":56},[42,81729,81730],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81731,38659],{"class":56},[14,81733,81734],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,81736,81737],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[33,81739,81741],{"className":35,"code":81740,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[17,81742,81743,81763,81785,81789,81799],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81744,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757,81759,81761],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81746,3952],{"class":114},[42,81748,88],{"class":87},[42,81750,3957],{"class":56},[42,81752,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81754,70],{"class":56},[42,81756,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81758,70],{"class":56},[42,81760,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81762,3970],{"class":56},[42,81764,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81766,2555],{"class":114},[42,81768,88],{"class":87},[42,81770,22917],{"class":834},[42,81772,57],{"class":56},[42,81774,40222],{"class":52},[42,81776,57],{"class":56},[42,81778,3775],{"class":834},[42,81780,70],{"class":56},[42,81782,4603],{"class":125},[42,81784,842],{"class":56},[42,81786,81787],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81788,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81790,81791,81793,81795,81797],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81792,284],{"class":52},[42,81794,57],{"class":56},[42,81796,2592],{"class":125},[42,81798,143],{"class":56},[42,81800,81801,81803,81805,81807],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,81802,284],{"class":52},[42,81804,57],{"class":56},[42,81806,2592],{"class":125},[42,81808,143],{"class":56},[14,81810,2395],{},[33,81812,81814],{"className":35,"code":81813,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[17,81815,81816,81844],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81817,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81819,4238],{"class":56},[42,81821,868],{"class":60},[42,81823,3320],{"class":64},[42,81825,868],{"class":60},[42,81827,70],{"class":56},[42,81829,862],{"class":60},[42,81831,2381],{"class":64},[42,81833,868],{"class":60},[42,81835,70],{"class":56},[42,81837,862],{"class":60},[42,81839,2387],{"class":64},[42,81841,868],{"class":60},[42,81843,3970],{"class":56},[42,81845,81846,81848,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81847,4238],{"class":56},[42,81849,868],{"class":60},[42,81851,3320],{"class":64},[42,81853,868],{"class":60},[42,81855,70],{"class":56},[42,81857,862],{"class":60},[42,81859,2381],{"class":64},[42,81861,868],{"class":60},[42,81863,70],{"class":56},[42,81865,862],{"class":60},[42,81867,2387],{"class":64},[42,81869,868],{"class":60},[42,81871,3970],{"class":56},[28,81873,5303,81875],{"id":81874},"when-to-use-map",[17,81876,40079],{},[14,81878,81879,81881],{},[17,81880,40079],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81883,81884],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[167,81886,81887,81891,81895],{},[170,81888,81889],{},[17,81890,3775],{},[170,81892,81893],{},[17,81894,2513],{},[170,81896,81897],{},[17,81898,2340],{},[14,81900,219],{},[33,81902,81904],{"className":35,"code":81903,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,81905,81906,81938,81960,81964],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81907,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81909,4160],{"class":114},[42,81911,88],{"class":87},[42,81913,3957],{"class":56},[42,81915,868],{"class":60},[42,81917,3320],{"class":64},[42,81919,868],{"class":60},[42,81921,70],{"class":56},[42,81923,862],{"class":60},[42,81925,2381],{"class":64},[42,81927,868],{"class":60},[42,81929,70],{"class":56},[42,81931,862],{"class":60},[42,81933,2387],{"class":64},[42,81935,868],{"class":60},[42,81937,3970],{"class":56},[42,81939,81940,81942,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,81941,3952],{"class":114},[42,81943,88],{"class":87},[42,81945,22917],{"class":834},[42,81947,57],{"class":56},[42,81949,40222],{"class":52},[42,81951,57],{"class":56},[42,81953,2513],{"class":834},[42,81955,70],{"class":56},[42,81957,4223],{"class":125},[42,81959,842],{"class":56},[42,81961,81962],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,81963,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,81965,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,81967,284],{"class":52},[42,81969,57],{"class":56},[42,81971,3984],{"class":125},[42,81973,143],{"class":56},[14,81975,2395],{},[33,81977,81978],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,81979,81980],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,81981,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,81983,4238],{"class":56},[42,81985,3320],{"class":2348},[42,81987,70],{"class":56},[42,81989,3325],{"class":2348},[42,81991,70],{"class":56},[42,81993,2781],{"class":2348},[42,81995,3970],{"class":56},[14,81997,81998],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,82000,82001],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[33,82003,82005],{"className":35,"code":82004,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[17,82006,82007,82027,82049],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82008,82009,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82010,3952],{"class":114},[42,82012,88],{"class":87},[42,82014,3957],{"class":56},[42,82016,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82018,70],{"class":56},[42,82020,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82022,70],{"class":56},[42,82024,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82026,3970],{"class":56},[42,82028,82029,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82030,2555],{"class":114},[42,82032,88],{"class":87},[42,82034,22917],{"class":834},[42,82036,57],{"class":56},[42,82038,40222],{"class":52},[42,82040,57],{"class":56},[42,82042,3775],{"class":834},[42,82044,70],{"class":56},[42,82046,4603],{"class":125},[42,82048,842],{"class":56},[42,82050,82051,82053,82055,82057],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82052,284],{"class":52},[42,82054,57],{"class":56},[42,82056,2592],{"class":125},[42,82058,143],{"class":56},[33,82060,82062],{"className":35,"code":82061,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[17,82063,82064,82084,82111],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82065,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82067,3952],{"class":114},[42,82069,88],{"class":87},[42,82071,3957],{"class":56},[42,82073,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82075,70],{"class":56},[42,82077,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82079,70],{"class":56},[42,82081,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82083,3970],{"class":56},[42,82085,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82105,82107,82109],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82087,2555],{"class":114},[42,82089,88],{"class":87},[42,82091,3957],{"class":56},[42,82093,3775],{"class":834},[42,82095,57],{"class":56},[42,82097,76392],{"class":125},[42,82099,98],{"class":56},[42,82101,4215],{"class":48},[42,82103,82104],{"class":114}," n ",[42,82106,1299],{"class":48},[42,82108,4603],{"class":114},[42,82110,3970],{"class":56},[42,82112,82113,82115,82117,82119],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82114,284],{"class":52},[42,82116,57],{"class":56},[42,82118,2592],{"class":125},[42,82120,143],{"class":56},[14,82122,82123],{},"Both produce:",[33,82125,82126],{"className":35,"code":81487,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,82127,82128],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82129,82130,82132,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82131,4238],{"class":56},[42,82133,868],{"class":60},[42,82135,3320],{"class":64},[42,82137,868],{"class":60},[42,82139,70],{"class":56},[42,82141,862],{"class":60},[42,82143,2381],{"class":64},[42,82145,868],{"class":60},[42,82147,70],{"class":56},[42,82149,862],{"class":60},[42,82151,2387],{"class":64},[42,82153,868],{"class":60},[42,82155,3970],{"class":56},[14,82157,82158],{},"A simple rule:",[167,82160,82161,82166,82171],{},[170,82162,40353,82163,82165],{},[17,82164,40079],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[170,82167,40359,82168,82170],{},[17,82169,6303],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[170,82172,82173],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,82175,82176,82177,122],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[693,82178,4733],{"href":4732},[28,82180,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,82182,82184,82185],{"id":82183},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[17,82186,25138],{},[14,82188,82189],{},"This is very common:",[33,82191,82192],{"className":35,"code":81337,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,82193,82194,82214,82232,82236],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82195,82196,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82197,3952],{"class":114},[42,82199,88],{"class":87},[42,82201,3957],{"class":56},[42,82203,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82205,70],{"class":56},[42,82207,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82209,70],{"class":56},[42,82211,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82213,3970],{"class":56},[42,82215,82216,82218,82220,82222,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82217,2555],{"class":114},[42,82219,88],{"class":87},[42,82221,80384],{"class":52},[42,82223,57],{"class":56},[42,82225,3775],{"class":834},[42,82227,70],{"class":56},[42,82229,4603],{"class":125},[42,82231,143],{"class":56},[42,82233,82234],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82235,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,82237,82238,82240,82242,82244],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,82239,284],{"class":52},[42,82241,57],{"class":56},[42,82243,2592],{"class":125},[42,82245,143],{"class":56},[14,82247,82248],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,82250,39624],{},[33,82252,82254],{"className":35,"code":82253,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(result))\n",[17,82255,82256],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82257,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82259,284],{"class":52},[42,82261,57],{"class":56},[42,82263,8443],{"class":834},[42,82265,57],{"class":56},[42,82267,2592],{"class":125},[42,82269,842],{"class":56},[1073,82271,82273],{"id":82272},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,82275,17002],{},[33,82277,82279],{"className":35,"code":82278,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[17,82280,82281,82301],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82282,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82284,3952],{"class":114},[42,82286,88],{"class":87},[42,82288,3957],{"class":56},[42,82290,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82292,70],{"class":56},[42,82294,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82296,70],{"class":56},[42,82298,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82300,3970],{"class":56},[42,82302,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82316,82318],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82304,2555],{"class":114},[42,82306,88],{"class":87},[42,82308,80384],{"class":52},[42,82310,57],{"class":56},[42,82312,3775],{"class":834},[42,82314,82315],{"class":56},"(),",[42,82317,4603],{"class":125},[42,82319,143],{"class":56},[14,82321,82322,82323,82325,82326,82328],{},"This is wrong because ",[17,82324,48045],{}," is being called immediately. ",[17,82327,40079],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,82330,17014],{},[33,82332,82333],{"className":35,"code":81424,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,82334,82335,82355,82373,82377],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82336,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82338,3952],{"class":114},[42,82340,88],{"class":87},[42,82342,3957],{"class":56},[42,82344,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82346,70],{"class":56},[42,82348,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82350,70],{"class":56},[42,82352,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82354,3970],{"class":56},[42,82356,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369,82371],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82358,2555],{"class":114},[42,82360,88],{"class":87},[42,82362,80384],{"class":52},[42,82364,57],{"class":56},[42,82366,3775],{"class":834},[42,82368,70],{"class":56},[42,82370,4603],{"class":125},[42,82372,143],{"class":56},[42,82374,82375],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82376,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,82378,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,82380,284],{"class":52},[42,82382,57],{"class":56},[42,82384,8443],{"class":834},[42,82386,57],{"class":56},[42,82388,2592],{"class":125},[42,82390,842],{"class":56},[1073,82392,82394],{"id":82393},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,82396,82397],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,82399,17002],{},[33,82401,82403],{"className":35,"code":82402,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,82404,82405,82422,82432,82436,82456,82475,82479],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82406,82407,82409,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82408,35211],{"class":858},[42,82410,82411],{"class":35214}," add",[42,82413,57],{"class":56},[42,82415,693],{"class":38024},[42,82417,70],{"class":56},[42,82419,2891],{"class":38024},[42,82421,8692],{"class":56},[42,82423,82424,82426,82428,82430],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82425,35222],{"class":48},[42,82427,44907],{"class":114},[42,82429,2384],{"class":87},[42,82431,36542],{"class":114},[42,82433,82434],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82435,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,82437,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452,82454],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,82439,3952],{"class":114},[42,82441,88],{"class":87},[42,82443,3957],{"class":56},[42,82445,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82447,70],{"class":56},[42,82449,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82451,70],{"class":56},[42,82453,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82455,3970],{"class":56},[42,82457,82458,82460,82462,82464,82466,82469,82471,82473],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,82459,2555],{"class":114},[42,82461,88],{"class":87},[42,82463,80384],{"class":52},[42,82465,57],{"class":56},[42,82467,82468],{"class":125},"add",[42,82470,70],{"class":56},[42,82472,4603],{"class":125},[42,82474,143],{"class":56},[42,82476,82477],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,82478,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,82480,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,82482,284],{"class":52},[42,82484,57],{"class":56},[42,82486,8443],{"class":834},[42,82488,57],{"class":56},[42,82490,2592],{"class":125},[42,82492,842],{"class":56},[14,82494,17014],{},[33,82496,82498],{"className":35,"code":82497,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[17,82499,82500,82516,82526,82530,82550,82570,82592,82596],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82501,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82503,35211],{"class":858},[42,82505,82411],{"class":35214},[42,82507,57],{"class":56},[42,82509,693],{"class":38024},[42,82511,70],{"class":56},[42,82513,2891],{"class":38024},[42,82515,8692],{"class":56},[42,82517,82518,82520,82522,82524],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82519,35222],{"class":48},[42,82521,44907],{"class":114},[42,82523,2384],{"class":87},[42,82525,36542],{"class":114},[42,82527,82528],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82529,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,82531,82532,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542,82544,82546,82548],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,82533,81020],{"class":114},[42,82535,88],{"class":87},[42,82537,3957],{"class":56},[42,82539,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82541,70],{"class":56},[42,82543,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82545,70],{"class":56},[42,82547,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82549,3970],{"class":56},[42,82551,82552,82554,82556,82558,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,82553,81041],{"class":114},[42,82555,88],{"class":87},[42,82557,3957],{"class":56},[42,82559,2659],{"class":2348},[42,82561,70],{"class":56},[42,82563,8139],{"class":2348},[42,82565,70],{"class":56},[42,82567,8144],{"class":2348},[42,82569,3970],{"class":56},[42,82571,82572,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582,82584,82586,82588,82590],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,82573,2555],{"class":114},[42,82575,88],{"class":87},[42,82577,80384],{"class":52},[42,82579,57],{"class":56},[42,82581,82468],{"class":125},[42,82583,70],{"class":56},[42,82585,81079],{"class":125},[42,82587,70],{"class":56},[42,82589,81084],{"class":125},[42,82591,143],{"class":56},[42,82593,82594],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,82595,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,82597,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,82599,284],{"class":52},[42,82601,57],{"class":56},[42,82603,8443],{"class":834},[42,82605,57],{"class":56},[42,82607,2592],{"class":125},[42,82609,842],{"class":56},[1073,82611,82613],{"id":82612},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,82615,17002],{},[33,82617,82618],{"className":35,"code":81620,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,82619,82620,82640,82658,82662,82676],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82621,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82623,3952],{"class":114},[42,82625,88],{"class":87},[42,82627,3957],{"class":56},[42,82629,3320],{"class":2348},[42,82631,70],{"class":56},[42,82633,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82635,70],{"class":56},[42,82637,2781],{"class":2348},[42,82639,3970],{"class":56},[42,82641,82642,82644,82646,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82643,2555],{"class":114},[42,82645,88],{"class":87},[42,82647,80384],{"class":52},[42,82649,57],{"class":56},[42,82651,3775],{"class":834},[42,82653,70],{"class":56},[42,82655,4603],{"class":125},[42,82657,143],{"class":56},[42,82659,82660],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82661,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,82663,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,82665,284],{"class":52},[42,82667,57],{"class":56},[42,82669,8443],{"class":834},[42,82671,57],{"class":56},[42,82673,2592],{"class":125},[42,82675,842],{"class":56},[42,82677,82678,82680,82682,82684,82686,82688],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,82679,284],{"class":52},[42,82681,57],{"class":56},[42,82683,8443],{"class":834},[42,82685,57],{"class":56},[42,82687,2592],{"class":125},[42,82689,842],{"class":56},[14,82691,82692],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,82694,82695],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[28,82697,68259],{"id":68258},[14,82699,9225,82700,82702],{},[17,82701,40079],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[33,82704,82706],{"className":35,"code":82705,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[17,82707,82708,82718,82732,82746,82758],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82709,82710,82712,82714,82716],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82711,284],{"class":52},[42,82713,57],{"class":56},[42,82715,2592],{"class":125},[42,82717,143],{"class":56},[42,82719,82720,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82721,284],{"class":52},[42,82723,57],{"class":56},[42,82725,8443],{"class":834},[42,82727,57],{"class":56},[42,82729,2592],{"class":125},[42,82731,842],{"class":56},[42,82733,82734,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,82735,284],{"class":52},[42,82737,57],{"class":56},[42,82739,835],{"class":834},[42,82741,57],{"class":56},[42,82743,2592],{"class":125},[42,82745,842],{"class":56},[42,82747,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,82749,6303],{"class":48},[42,82751,6306],{"class":114},[42,82753,1299],{"class":48},[42,82755,81579],{"class":114},[42,82757,108],{"class":56},[42,82759,82760,82762,82764,82766],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,82761,135],{"class":52},[42,82763,57],{"class":56},[42,82765,23668],{"class":125},[42,82767,143],{"class":56},[14,82769,13028],{},[167,82771,82772,82777,82782,82788],{},[170,82773,82774,82776],{},[17,82775,33387],{}," shows that you have a map object",[170,82778,82779,82781],{},[17,82780,33395],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[170,82783,82784,82787],{},[17,82785,82786],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[170,82789,82790,82791,82793],{},"looping over ",[17,82792,2592],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82795,82796,82797,82800,82801,82803],{},"Be careful: ",[17,82798,82799],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[17,82802,6303],{}," loop consume the map object.",[28,82805,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,82807,13060,82809,82811],{"id":82808},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[17,82810,40079],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82813,82814,82815,82817,82818,24296],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[17,82816,40079],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[17,82819,82820],{},"list(map(...))",[1073,82822,15260,82824,82826,82827,82829],{"id":82823},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[17,82825,40079],{}," better than a ",[17,82828,6303],{}," loop?",[14,82831,82832,82833,82835,82836,82838],{},"Not always. ",[17,82834,40079],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[17,82837,6303],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1073,82840,5513,82842,82844],{"id":82841},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[17,82843,40079],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82846,82847],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1073,82849,82851],{"id":82850},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82853,82854],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[28,82856,2205],{"id":2204},[167,82858,82859,82865,82871,82875,82879],{},[170,82860,82861],{},[693,82862,3908,82863,3841],{"href":40448},[17,82864,37937],{},[170,82866,82867],{},[693,82868,3908,82869,3841],{"href":65212},[17,82870,25138],{},[170,82872,82873],{},[693,82874,5564],{"href":5474},[170,82876,82877],{},[693,82878,5569],{"href":4732},[170,82880,82881],{},[693,82882,5559],{"href":5478},[2245,82884,82885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":82887},[82888,82889,82891,82892,82893,82895,82900,82907,82909,82916,82917,82926],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":80463,"depth":111,"text":82890},"What map() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":80782,"depth":111,"text":82894},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80966,"depth":111,"text":82896,"children":82897},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82898],{"id":81154,"depth":132,"text":82899},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81311,"depth":111,"text":82901,"children":82902},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82903,82905,82906],{"id":81329,"depth":132,"text":82904},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81520,"depth":132,"text":81521},{"id":81613,"depth":132,"text":81614},{"id":81874,"depth":111,"text":82908},"When to use map()",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":82910},[82911,82913,82914,82915],{"id":82183,"depth":132,"text":82912},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82272,"depth":132,"text":82273},{"id":82393,"depth":132,"text":82394},{"id":82612,"depth":132,"text":82613},{"id":68258,"depth":111,"text":68259},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":82918},[82919,82921,82923,82925],{"id":82808,"depth":132,"text":82920},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82823,"depth":132,"text":82922},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82841,"depth":132,"text":82924},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82850,"depth":132,"text":82851},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80295,"description":82927},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82934,"title":82935,"body":82936,"description":84955,"extension":2285,"meta":84956,"navigation":2287,"path":84957,"seo":84958,"stem":84959,"__hash__":84960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82937,"toc":84913},[82938,82944,82949,82952,82960,82963,82965,83089,83091,83109,83111,83131,83136,83140,83154,83157,83160,83162,83167,83279,83282,83300,83306,83309,83371,83373,83382,83385,83399,83401,83449,83451,83460,83470,83476,83479,83506,83508,83516,83519,83522,83592,83594,83602,83605,83610,83615,83666,83668,83676,83679,83681,83698,83700,83752,83755,83761,83765,83770,83773,83777,83836,83838,83847,83853,83862,83866,83929,83931,83939,83944,83948,83953,84033,84035,84044,84051,84056,84061,84064,84099,84101,84109,84112,84117,84119,84169,84171,84180,84183,84201,84203,84208,84214,84221,84248,84250,84273,84278,84313,84318,84324,84329,84372,84375,84378,84417,84424,84430,84435,84450,84454,84461,84464,84468,84473,84477,84482,84484,84545,84547,84576,84581,84588,84597,84599,84602,84627,84629,84732,84735,84753,84762,84764,84769,84772,84778,84781,84783,84793,84799,84803,84861,84868,84876,84878,84910],[10,82939,3908,82941,3912],{"id":82940},"python-max-function-explained",[17,82942,82943],{},"max()",[14,82945,9473,82946,82948],{},[17,82947,82943],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82950,82951],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[167,82953,82954,82957],{},[170,82955,82956],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[170,82958,82959],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82961,82962],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[28,82964,31],{"id":30},[33,82966,82968],{"className":35,"code":82967,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,82969,82970,82994,83009,83013,83039,83043,83075],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,82971,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,82973,3952],{"class":114},[42,82975,88],{"class":87},[42,82977,3957],{"class":56},[42,82979,2387],{"class":2348},[42,82981,70],{"class":56},[42,82983,6706],{"class":2348},[42,82985,70],{"class":56},[42,82987,3325],{"class":2348},[42,82989,70],{"class":56},[42,82991,4946],{"class":2348},[42,82993,3970],{"class":56},[42,82995,82996,82998,83000,83003,83005,83007],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,82997,284],{"class":52},[42,82999,57],{"class":56},[42,83001,83002],{"class":52},"max",[42,83004,57],{"class":56},[42,83006,3984],{"class":125},[42,83008,842],{"class":56},[42,83010,83011],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,83012,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,83014,83015,83017,83019,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,83016,284],{"class":52},[42,83018,57],{"class":56},[42,83020,83002],{"class":52},[42,83022,57],{"class":56},[42,83024,2387],{"class":2348},[42,83026,70],{"class":56},[42,83028,6706],{"class":2348},[42,83030,70],{"class":56},[42,83032,3325],{"class":2348},[42,83034,70],{"class":56},[42,83036,4946],{"class":2348},[42,83038,842],{"class":56},[42,83040,83041],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,83042,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,83044,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053,83055,83057,83059,83061,83063,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,83046,4409],{"class":114},[42,83048,88],{"class":87},[42,83050,3957],{"class":56},[42,83052,61],{"class":60},[42,83054,4418],{"class":64},[42,83056,61],{"class":60},[42,83058,70],{"class":56},[42,83060,73],{"class":60},[42,83062,4427],{"class":64},[42,83064,61],{"class":60},[42,83066,70],{"class":56},[42,83068,73],{"class":60},[42,83070,79106],{"class":64},[42,83072,61],{"class":60},[42,83074,3970],{"class":56},[42,83076,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,83078,284],{"class":52},[42,83080,57],{"class":56},[42,83082,83002],{"class":52},[42,83084,57],{"class":56},[42,83086,4453],{"class":125},[42,83088,842],{"class":56},[14,83090,2395],{},[33,83092,83094],{"className":35,"code":83093,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"8\n8\npear\n",[17,83095,83096,83100,83104],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83097,83098],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83099,2710],{"class":2348},[42,83101,83102],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83103,2710],{"class":2348},[42,83105,83106],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,83107,83108],{"class":114},"pear\n",[14,83110,449],{},[167,83112,83113,83119,83125],{},[170,83114,83115,83118],{},[17,83116,83117],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[170,83120,83121,83124],{},[17,83122,83123],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[170,83126,83127,83130],{},[17,83128,83129],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[28,83132,4013,83134,4016],{"id":83133},"what-max-does",[17,83135,82943],{},[14,83137,83138,1935],{},[17,83139,82943],{},[167,83141,83142,83145,83148,83151],{},[170,83143,83144],{},"Returns the largest item",[170,83146,83147],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[170,83149,83150],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[170,83152,83153],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,83155,83156],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,83158,83159],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[28,83161,312],{"id":311},[14,83163,83164,83165,1935],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[17,83166,82943],{},[33,83168,83170],{"className":35,"code":83169,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[17,83171,83172,83182,83206,83228,83251],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83173,83174,83176,83178,83180],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83175,83002],{"class":52},[42,83177,57],{"class":56},[42,83179,4057],{"class":125},[42,83181,143],{"class":56},[42,83183,83184,83186,83188,83190,83192,83195,83197,83199,83201,83204],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83185,83002],{"class":52},[42,83187,57],{"class":56},[42,83189,4057],{"class":125},[42,83191,70],{"class":56},[42,83193,83194],{"class":87}," *",[42,83196,70],{"class":56},[42,83198,21937],{"class":83},[42,83200,88],{"class":87},[42,83202,83203],{"class":125},"func",[42,83205,143],{"class":56},[42,83207,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,83209,83002],{"class":52},[42,83211,57],{"class":56},[42,83213,4057],{"class":125},[42,83215,70],{"class":56},[42,83217,83194],{"class":87},[42,83219,70],{"class":56},[42,83221,26881],{"class":83},[42,83223,88],{"class":87},[42,83225,2803],{"class":125},[42,83227,143],{"class":56},[42,83229,83230,83232,83234,83237,83239,83242,83244,83246,83249],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,83231,83002],{"class":52},[42,83233,57],{"class":56},[42,83235,83236],{"class":125},"arg1",[42,83238,70],{"class":56},[42,83240,83241],{"class":125}," arg2",[42,83243,70],{"class":56},[42,83245,83194],{"class":87},[42,83247,83248],{"class":125},"args",[42,83250,143],{"class":56},[42,83252,83253,83255,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,83254,83002],{"class":52},[42,83256,57],{"class":56},[42,83258,83236],{"class":125},[42,83260,70],{"class":56},[42,83262,83241],{"class":125},[42,83264,70],{"class":56},[42,83266,83194],{"class":87},[42,83268,83248],{"class":125},[42,83270,70],{"class":56},[42,83272,21937],{"class":83},[42,83274,88],{"class":87},[42,83276,83203],{"class":125},[42,83278,143],{"class":56},[14,83280,83281],{},"The most important parts are:",[167,83283,83284,83289,83294],{},[170,83285,83286,83288],{},[17,83287,4057],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[170,83290,83291,83293],{},[17,83292,15198],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[170,83295,83296,83299],{},[17,83297,83298],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[28,83301,1940,83303,83305],{"id":83302},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[17,83304,82943],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,83307,83308],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[33,83310,83312],{"className":35,"code":83311,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[17,83313,83314,83340,83356,83360],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83315,83316,83318,83320,83322,83325,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83338],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83317,5406],{"class":114},[42,83319,88],{"class":87},[42,83321,3957],{"class":56},[42,83323,83324],{"class":2348},"72",[42,83326,70],{"class":56},[42,83328,51873],{"class":2348},[42,83330,70],{"class":56},[42,83332,13864],{"class":2348},[42,83334,70],{"class":56},[42,83336,83337],{"class":2348}," 66",[42,83339,3970],{"class":56},[42,83341,83342,83345,83347,83350,83352,83354],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83343,83344],{"class":114},"highest_score ",[42,83346,88],{"class":87},[42,83348,83349],{"class":52}," max",[42,83351,57],{"class":56},[42,83353,16747],{"class":125},[42,83355,143],{"class":56},[42,83357,83358],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,83359,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,83361,83362,83364,83366,83369],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,83363,284],{"class":52},[42,83365,57],{"class":56},[42,83367,83368],{"class":125},"highest_score",[42,83370,143],{"class":56},[14,83372,2395],{},[33,83374,83376],{"className":35,"code":83375,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"91\n",[17,83377,83378],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83379,83380],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83381,83375],{"class":2348},[14,83383,83384],{},"This works well for:",[167,83386,83387,83390,83393,83396],{},[170,83388,83389],{},"Scores",[170,83391,83392],{},"Prices",[170,83394,83395],{},"Ages",[170,83397,83398],{},"Counts",[14,83400,52443],{},[33,83402,83404],{"className":35,"code":83403,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[17,83405,83406,83434],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83407,83408,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83422,83424,83427,83429,83432],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83409,83410],{"class":114},"prices ",[42,83412,88],{"class":87},[42,83414,3957],{"class":56},[42,83416,40761],{"class":2348},[42,83418,70],{"class":56},[42,83420,83421],{"class":2348}," 5.50",[42,83423,70],{"class":56},[42,83425,83426],{"class":2348}," 12.75",[42,83428,70],{"class":56},[42,83430,83431],{"class":2348}," 29.00",[42,83433,3970],{"class":56},[42,83435,83436,83438,83440,83442,83444,83447],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83437,284],{"class":52},[42,83439,57],{"class":56},[42,83441,83002],{"class":52},[42,83443,57],{"class":56},[42,83445,83446],{"class":125},"prices",[42,83448,842],{"class":56},[14,83450,2395],{},[33,83452,83454],{"className":35,"code":83453,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"29.0\n",[17,83455,83456],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83457,83458],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83459,83453],{"class":2348},[14,83461,83462,83463,83465,83466,122],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[17,83464,82943],{}," is simpler than ",[693,83467,83468],{"href":74883},[17,83469,74786],{},[28,83471,1940,83473,83475],{"id":83472},"using-max-with-separate-values",[17,83474,82943],{}," with separate values",[14,83477,83478],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[33,83480,83482],{"className":35,"code":83481,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[17,83483,83484],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83485,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83487,284],{"class":52},[42,83489,57],{"class":56},[42,83491,83002],{"class":52},[42,83493,57],{"class":56},[42,83495,2836],{"class":2348},[42,83497,70],{"class":56},[42,83499,31302],{"class":2348},[42,83501,70],{"class":56},[42,83503,6339],{"class":2348},[42,83505,842],{"class":56},[14,83507,2395],{},[33,83509,83510],{"className":35,"code":2550,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,83511,83512],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83513,83514],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83515,2550],{"class":2348},[14,83517,83518],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,83520,83521],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[33,83523,83525],{"className":35,"code":83524,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[17,83526,83527,83536,83544,83554,83558,83581],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83528,83529,83531,83533],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83530,2886],{"class":114},[42,83532,88],{"class":87},[42,83534,83535],{"class":2348}," 15\n",[42,83537,83538,83540,83542],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83539,2914],{"class":114},[42,83541,88],{"class":87},[42,83543,3101],{"class":2348},[42,83545,83546,83549,83551],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,83547,83548],{"class":114},"c ",[42,83550,88],{"class":87},[42,83552,83553],{"class":2348}," 27\n",[42,83555,83556],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,83557,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,83559,83560,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,83561,83562],{"class":114},"largest ",[42,83564,88],{"class":87},[42,83566,83349],{"class":52},[42,83568,57],{"class":56},[42,83570,693],{"class":125},[42,83572,70],{"class":56},[42,83574,2891],{"class":125},[42,83576,70],{"class":56},[42,83578,10032],{"class":125},[42,83580,143],{"class":56},[42,83582,83583,83585,83587,83590],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,83584,284],{"class":52},[42,83586,57],{"class":56},[42,83588,83589],{"class":125},"largest",[42,83591,143],{"class":56},[14,83593,2395],{},[33,83595,83596],{"className":35,"code":46975,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,83597,83598],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83599,83600],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83601,46975],{"class":2348},[14,83603,83604],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[28,83606,1940,83608,47422],{"id":83607},"using-max-with-strings",[17,83609,82943],{},[14,83611,83612,83614],{},[17,83613,82943],{}," can compare strings too.",[33,83616,83618],{"className":35,"code":83617,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,83619,83620,83652],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83621,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83623,4409],{"class":114},[42,83625,88],{"class":87},[42,83627,3957],{"class":56},[42,83629,61],{"class":60},[42,83631,4418],{"class":64},[42,83633,61],{"class":60},[42,83635,70],{"class":56},[42,83637,73],{"class":60},[42,83639,4427],{"class":64},[42,83641,61],{"class":60},[42,83643,70],{"class":56},[42,83645,73],{"class":60},[42,83647,79106],{"class":64},[42,83649,61],{"class":60},[42,83651,3970],{"class":56},[42,83653,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83655,284],{"class":52},[42,83657,57],{"class":56},[42,83659,83002],{"class":52},[42,83661,57],{"class":56},[42,83663,4453],{"class":125},[42,83665,842],{"class":56},[14,83667,2395],{},[33,83669,83670],{"className":35,"code":83108,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,83671,83672],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83673,83674],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83675,83108],{"class":114},[14,83677,83678],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,83680,68647],{},[167,83682,83683,83692,83695],{},[170,83684,83685,83688,83689,83691],{},[17,83686,83687],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[17,83690,65638],{}," alphabetically",[170,83693,83694],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[170,83696,83697],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,83699,219],{},[33,83701,83703],{"className":35,"code":83702,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[17,83704,83705,83738],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83706,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715,83717,83719,83721,83723,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83708,4409],{"class":114},[42,83710,88],{"class":87},[42,83712,3957],{"class":56},[42,83714,61],{"class":60},[42,83716,4418],{"class":64},[42,83718,61],{"class":60},[42,83720,70],{"class":56},[42,83722,73],{"class":60},[42,83724,83725],{"class":64},"Banana",[42,83727,61],{"class":60},[42,83729,70],{"class":56},[42,83731,73],{"class":60},[42,83733,79106],{"class":64},[42,83735,61],{"class":60},[42,83737,3970],{"class":56},[42,83739,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83741,284],{"class":52},[42,83743,57],{"class":56},[42,83745,83002],{"class":52},[42,83747,57],{"class":56},[42,83749,4453],{"class":125},[42,83751,842],{"class":56},[14,83753,83754],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,83756,83757,83758,83760],{},"You can fix that with the ",[17,83759,15198],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[28,83762,36973,83763,36976],{"id":79064},[17,83764,15198],{},[14,83766,2303,83767,83769],{},[17,83768,15198],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,83771,83772],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1073,83774,83776],{"id":83775},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[33,83778,83780],{"className":35,"code":83779,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[17,83781,83782,83814],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83783,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810,83812],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83785,4409],{"class":114},[42,83787,88],{"class":87},[42,83789,3957],{"class":56},[42,83791,61],{"class":60},[42,83793,37408],{"class":64},[42,83795,61],{"class":60},[42,83797,70],{"class":56},[42,83799,73],{"class":60},[42,83801,68690],{"class":64},[42,83803,61],{"class":60},[42,83805,70],{"class":56},[42,83807,73],{"class":60},[42,83809,58492],{"class":64},[42,83811,61],{"class":60},[42,83813,3970],{"class":56},[42,83815,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826,83828,83830,83832,83834],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83817,284],{"class":52},[42,83819,57],{"class":56},[42,83821,83002],{"class":52},[42,83823,57],{"class":56},[42,83825,4453],{"class":125},[42,83827,70],{"class":56},[42,83829,21937],{"class":83},[42,83831,88],{"class":87},[42,83833,11515],{"class":52},[42,83835,842],{"class":56},[14,83837,2395],{},[33,83839,83841],{"className":35,"code":83840,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"elephant\n",[17,83842,83843],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83844,83845],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83846,83840],{"class":114},[14,83848,21129,83849,83852],{},[17,83850,83851],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83854,83855,83856,33989,83858,122],{},"If you are new to ",[17,83857,42724],{},[693,83859,83860,6128],{"href":42721},[17,83861,42724],{},[1073,83863,83865],{"id":83864},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[33,83867,83869],{"className":35,"code":83868,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[17,83870,83871,83903],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83872,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899,83901],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83874,4409],{"class":114},[42,83876,88],{"class":87},[42,83878,3957],{"class":56},[42,83880,61],{"class":60},[42,83882,4418],{"class":64},[42,83884,61],{"class":60},[42,83886,70],{"class":56},[42,83888,73],{"class":60},[42,83890,83725],{"class":64},[42,83892,61],{"class":60},[42,83894,70],{"class":56},[42,83896,73],{"class":60},[42,83898,79106],{"class":64},[42,83900,61],{"class":60},[42,83902,3970],{"class":56},[42,83904,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,83906,284],{"class":52},[42,83908,57],{"class":56},[42,83910,83002],{"class":52},[42,83912,57],{"class":56},[42,83914,4453],{"class":125},[42,83916,70],{"class":56},[42,83918,21937],{"class":83},[42,83920,88],{"class":87},[42,83922,3775],{"class":834},[42,83924,122],{"class":56},[42,83926,8990],{"class":2022},[42,83928,842],{"class":56},[14,83930,2395],{},[33,83932,83933],{"className":35,"code":83108,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,83934,83935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83936,83937],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83938,83108],{"class":114},[14,83940,21129,83941,83943],{},[17,83942,79060],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1073,83945,83947],{"id":83946},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83949,83950,83951,1935],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[17,83952,38021],{},[33,83954,83956],{"className":35,"code":83955,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[17,83957,83958,84001],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,83959,83960,83962,83964,83966,83968,83970,83972,83974,83976,83979,83981,83983,83985,83988,83990,83992,83994,83997,83999],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,83961,8128],{"class":114},[42,83963,88],{"class":87},[42,83965,3957],{"class":56},[42,83967,61],{"class":60},[42,83969,693],{"class":64},[42,83971,61],{"class":60},[42,83973,70],{"class":56},[42,83975,73],{"class":60},[42,83977,83978],{"class":64},"bb",[42,83980,61],{"class":60},[42,83982,70],{"class":56},[42,83984,73],{"class":60},[42,83986,83987],{"class":64},"cccc",[42,83989,61],{"class":60},[42,83991,70],{"class":56},[42,83993,73],{"class":60},[42,83995,83996],{"class":64},"ddd",[42,83998,61],{"class":60},[42,84000,3970],{"class":56},[42,84002,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027,84029,84031],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84004,284],{"class":52},[42,84006,57],{"class":56},[42,84008,83002],{"class":52},[42,84010,57],{"class":56},[42,84012,8159],{"class":125},[42,84014,70],{"class":56},[42,84016,21937],{"class":83},[42,84018,88],{"class":87},[42,84020,38021],{"class":858},[42,84022,43203],{"class":38024},[42,84024,1935],{"class":56},[42,84026,38748],{"class":52},[42,84028,57],{"class":56},[42,84030,444],{"class":125},[42,84032,3243],{"class":56},[14,84034,2395],{},[33,84036,84038],{"className":35,"code":84037,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"cccc\n",[17,84039,84040],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84041,84042],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84043,84037],{"class":114},[14,84045,49912,84046,1753,84048,84050],{},[17,84047,83851],{},[17,84049,78947],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[28,84052,36973,84054,36976],{"id":84053},"using-the-default-argument",[17,84055,83298],{},[14,84057,2303,84058,84060],{},[17,84059,83298],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,84062,84063],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[33,84065,84067],{"className":35,"code":84066,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[17,84068,84069,84077],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84070,84071,84073,84075],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84072,3952],{"class":114},[42,84074,88],{"class":87},[42,84076,8188],{"class":56},[42,84078,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091,84093,84095,84097],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84080,284],{"class":52},[42,84082,57],{"class":56},[42,84084,83002],{"class":52},[42,84086,57],{"class":56},[42,84088,3984],{"class":125},[42,84090,70],{"class":56},[42,84092,26881],{"class":83},[42,84094,88],{"class":87},[42,84096,2445],{"class":2348},[42,84098,842],{"class":56},[14,84100,2395],{},[33,84102,84103],{"className":35,"code":47615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,84104,84105],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84106,84107],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84108,47615],{"class":2348},[14,84110,84111],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,84113,979,84114,84116],{},[17,84115,83298],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,84118,52443],{},[33,84120,84122],{"className":35,"code":84121,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,84123,84124,84132,84159],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84125,84126,84128,84130],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84127,4409],{"class":114},[42,84129,88],{"class":87},[42,84131,8188],{"class":56},[42,84133,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148,84150,84152,84155,84157],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84135,2555],{"class":114},[42,84137,88],{"class":87},[42,84139,83349],{"class":52},[42,84141,57],{"class":56},[42,84143,4453],{"class":125},[42,84145,70],{"class":56},[42,84147,26881],{"class":83},[42,84149,88],{"class":87},[42,84151,61],{"class":60},[42,84153,84154],{"class":64},"no words found",[42,84156,61],{"class":60},[42,84158,143],{"class":56},[42,84160,84161,84163,84165,84167],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,84162,284],{"class":52},[42,84164,57],{"class":56},[42,84166,2592],{"class":125},[42,84168,143],{"class":56},[14,84170,2395],{},[33,84172,84174],{"className":35,"code":84173,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"no words found\n",[17,84175,84176],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84177,84178],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84179,84173],{"class":114},[14,84181,84182],{},"Important:",[167,84184,84185,84193],{},[170,84186,84187,84189,84190],{},[17,84188,83298],{}," works with ",[17,84191,84192],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[170,84194,175,84195,84197,84198],{},[177,84196,179],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[17,84199,84200],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[28,84202,48348],{"id":48347},[14,84204,84205,84206,122],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[17,84207,82943],{},[1073,84209,84211,84213],{"id":84210},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[17,84212,41067],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,84215,84216,84217,46271,84219,122],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[17,84218,83298],{},[17,84220,41067],{},[33,84222,84224],{"className":35,"code":84223,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[17,84225,84226,84234],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84227,84228,84230,84232],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84229,3952],{"class":114},[42,84231,88],{"class":87},[42,84233,8188],{"class":56},[42,84235,84236,84238,84240,84242,84244,84246],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84237,284],{"class":52},[42,84239,57],{"class":56},[42,84241,83002],{"class":52},[42,84243,57],{"class":56},[42,84245,3984],{"class":125},[42,84247,842],{"class":56},[14,84249,30040],{},[33,84251,84253],{"className":35,"code":84252,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[17,84254,84255],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84256,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265,84268,84270],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84258,41067],{"class":834},[42,84260,1935],{"class":56},[42,84262,83349],{"class":52},[42,84264,7713],{"class":56},[42,84266,84267],{"class":114}," arg ",[42,84269,12549],{"class":87},[42,84271,84272],{"class":114}," an empty sequence\n",[14,84274,84275,84276,1935],{},"Fix it by using ",[17,84277,83298],{},[33,84279,84281],{"className":35,"code":84280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[17,84282,84283,84291],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84284,84285,84287,84289],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84286,3952],{"class":114},[42,84288,88],{"class":87},[42,84290,8188],{"class":56},[42,84292,84293,84295,84297,84299,84301,84303,84305,84307,84309,84311],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84294,284],{"class":52},[42,84296,57],{"class":56},[42,84298,83002],{"class":52},[42,84300,57],{"class":56},[42,84302,3984],{"class":125},[42,84304,70],{"class":56},[42,84306,26881],{"class":83},[42,84308,88],{"class":87},[42,84310,4115],{"class":4190},[42,84312,842],{"class":56},[14,84314,84315,84316,122],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[693,84317,66203],{"href":73240},[1073,84319,84321,84323],{"id":84320},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[17,84322,3338],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,84325,84326,84327,122],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[17,84328,3338],{},[33,84330,84332],{"className":35,"code":84331,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[17,84333,84334,84358],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84335,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84337,8128],{"class":114},[42,84339,88],{"class":87},[42,84341,3957],{"class":56},[42,84343,2659],{"class":2348},[42,84345,70],{"class":56},[42,84347,73],{"class":60},[42,84349,16112],{"class":64},[42,84351,61],{"class":60},[42,84353,70],{"class":56},[42,84355,8144],{"class":2348},[42,84357,3970],{"class":56},[42,84359,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84361,284],{"class":52},[42,84363,57],{"class":56},[42,84365,83002],{"class":52},[42,84367,57],{"class":56},[42,84369,8159],{"class":125},[42,84371,842],{"class":56},[14,84373,84374],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,84376,84377],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[33,84379,84381],{"className":35,"code":84380,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[17,84382,84383,84403],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84384,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84386,8128],{"class":114},[42,84388,88],{"class":87},[42,84390,3957],{"class":56},[42,84392,2659],{"class":2348},[42,84394,70],{"class":56},[42,84396,8139],{"class":2348},[42,84398,70],{"class":56},[42,84400,8144],{"class":2348},[42,84402,3970],{"class":56},[42,84404,84405,84407,84409,84411,84413,84415],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84406,284],{"class":52},[42,84408,57],{"class":56},[42,84410,83002],{"class":52},[42,84412,57],{"class":56},[42,84414,8159],{"class":125},[42,84416,842],{"class":56},[14,84418,84419,84420,122],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[693,84421,84423],{"href":84422},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1073,84425,84427,84429],{"id":84426},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[17,84428,3338],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,84431,84432,84434],{},[17,84433,82943],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[33,84436,84438],{"className":35,"code":84437,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(max())\n",[17,84439,84440],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84441,84442,84444,84446,84448],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84443,284],{"class":52},[42,84445,57],{"class":56},[42,84447,83002],{"class":52},[42,84449,584],{"class":56},[14,84451,3335,84452,122],{},[17,84453,3338],{},[28,84455,84457,10937,84459],{"id":84456},"max-vs-sorted",[17,84458,82943],{},[17,84460,74786],{},[14,84462,84463],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,84465,84466,1935],{},[17,84467,82943],{},[167,84469,84470],{},[170,84471,84472],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,84474,84475,1935],{},[17,84476,74786],{},[167,84478,84479],{},[170,84480,84481],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,84483,219],{},[33,84485,84487],{"className":35,"code":84486,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[17,84488,84489,84513,84517,84531],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84490,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509,84511],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84492,3952],{"class":114},[42,84494,88],{"class":87},[42,84496,3957],{"class":56},[42,84498,2387],{"class":2348},[42,84500,70],{"class":56},[42,84502,6706],{"class":2348},[42,84504,70],{"class":56},[42,84506,3325],{"class":2348},[42,84508,70],{"class":56},[42,84510,4946],{"class":2348},[42,84512,3970],{"class":56},[42,84514,84515],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84516,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,84518,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,84520,284],{"class":52},[42,84522,57],{"class":56},[42,84524,83002],{"class":52},[42,84526,57],{"class":56},[42,84528,3984],{"class":125},[42,84530,842],{"class":56},[42,84532,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,84534,284],{"class":52},[42,84536,57],{"class":56},[42,84538,74876],{"class":52},[42,84540,57],{"class":56},[42,84542,3984],{"class":125},[42,84544,842],{"class":56},[14,84546,2395],{},[33,84548,84550],{"className":35,"code":84549,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[17,84551,84552,84556],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84553,84554],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84555,2710],{"class":2348},[42,84557,84558,84560,84562,84564,84566,84568,84570,84572,84574],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84559,4238],{"class":56},[42,84561,2381],{"class":2348},[42,84563,70],{"class":56},[42,84565,2781],{"class":2348},[42,84567,70],{"class":56},[42,84569,4946],{"class":2348},[42,84571,70],{"class":56},[42,84573,6706],{"class":2348},[42,84575,3970],{"class":56},[14,84577,146,84578,84580],{},[17,84579,82943],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,84582,146,84583,84587],{},[693,84584,84585],{"href":74883},[17,84586,74786],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,84589,84590,84591,122],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[693,84592,84594],{"href":84593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[17,84595,84596],{},"min()",[28,84598,1929],{"id":1928},[14,84600,84601],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[167,84603,84604,84611,84614,84619,84622],{},[170,84605,30009,84606,84608,84609],{},[17,84607,82943],{}," on an empty list without ",[17,84610,83298],{},[170,84612,84613],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[170,84615,8803,84616,84618],{},[17,84617,82943],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[170,84620,84621],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[170,84623,1940,84624,84626],{},[17,84625,83298],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,84628,11466],{},[33,84630,84632],{"className":35,"code":84631,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[17,84633,84634,84644,84658,84672,84686,84708],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84635,84636,84638,84640,84642],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84637,284],{"class":52},[42,84639,57],{"class":56},[42,84641,8159],{"class":125},[42,84643,143],{"class":56},[42,84645,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654,84656],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84647,284],{"class":52},[42,84649,57],{"class":56},[42,84651,835],{"class":834},[42,84653,57],{"class":56},[42,84655,8159],{"class":125},[42,84657,842],{"class":56},[42,84659,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668,84670],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,84661,284],{"class":52},[42,84663,57],{"class":56},[42,84665,11515],{"class":52},[42,84667,57],{"class":56},[42,84669,8159],{"class":125},[42,84671,842],{"class":56},[42,84673,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682,84684],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,84675,284],{"class":52},[42,84677,57],{"class":56},[42,84679,83002],{"class":52},[42,84681,57],{"class":56},[42,84683,8159],{"class":125},[42,84685,842],{"class":56},[42,84687,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702,84704,84706],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,84689,284],{"class":52},[42,84691,57],{"class":56},[42,84693,83002],{"class":52},[42,84695,57],{"class":56},[42,84697,8159],{"class":125},[42,84699,70],{"class":56},[42,84701,26881],{"class":83},[42,84703,88],{"class":87},[42,84705,4115],{"class":4190},[42,84707,842],{"class":56},[42,84709,84710,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722,84724,84726,84728,84730],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,84711,284],{"class":52},[42,84713,3317],{"class":56},[42,84715,835],{"class":834},[42,84717,57],{"class":56},[42,84719,2498],{"class":125},[42,84721,98],{"class":56},[42,84723,4215],{"class":48},[42,84725,4218],{"class":125},[42,84727,1299],{"class":48},[42,84729,6311],{"class":125},[42,84731,4226],{"class":56},[14,84733,84734],{},"These are useful for checking:",[167,84736,84737,84742,84747,84750],{},[170,84738,84739,84740],{},"What is actually inside ",[17,84741,8159],{},[170,84743,80113,84744,84746],{},[17,84745,8159],{}," is a list or some other type",[170,84748,84749],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[170,84751,84752],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,84754,739,84755,84758,84759,84761],{},[17,84756,84757],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[17,84760,8159],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[28,84763,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,84765,5485,84767,5488],{"id":84766},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[17,84768,82943],{},[14,84770,84771],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1073,84773,5513,84775,84777],{"id":84774},"can-max-work-with-strings",[17,84776,82943],{}," work with strings?",[14,84779,84780],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1073,84782,72008],{"id":72007},[14,84784,84785,52858,84787,84789,84790,84792],{},[17,84786,82943],{},[17,84788,41067],{}," unless you use the ",[17,84791,83298],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1073,84794,84796,84797,2823],{"id":84795},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[17,84798,82943],{},[14,84800,146,84801,1935],{},[17,84802,83851],{},[33,84804,84805],{"className":35,"code":83779,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,84806,84807,84839],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84808,84809,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823,84825,84827,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84810,4409],{"class":114},[42,84812,88],{"class":87},[42,84814,3957],{"class":56},[42,84816,61],{"class":60},[42,84818,37408],{"class":64},[42,84820,61],{"class":60},[42,84822,70],{"class":56},[42,84824,73],{"class":60},[42,84826,68690],{"class":64},[42,84828,61],{"class":60},[42,84830,70],{"class":56},[42,84832,73],{"class":60},[42,84834,58492],{"class":64},[42,84836,61],{"class":60},[42,84838,3970],{"class":56},[42,84840,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,84842,284],{"class":52},[42,84844,57],{"class":56},[42,84846,83002],{"class":52},[42,84848,57],{"class":56},[42,84850,4453],{"class":125},[42,84852,70],{"class":56},[42,84854,21937],{"class":83},[42,84856,88],{"class":87},[42,84858,11515],{"class":52},[42,84860,842],{"class":56},[1073,84862,2171,84864,1753,84866,2823],{"id":84863},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[17,84865,82943],{},[17,84867,74786],{},[14,84869,84870,84872,84873,84875],{},[17,84871,82943],{}," returns one largest item. ",[17,84874,74786],{}," returns all items in order.",[28,84877,2205],{"id":2204},[167,84879,84880,84886,84892,84898,84902,84906],{},[170,84881,84882],{},[693,84883,84884,3841],{"href":84593},[17,84885,84596],{},[170,84887,84888],{},[693,84889,84890,3841],{"href":74883},[17,84891,74786],{},[170,84893,84894],{},[693,84895,84896,3841],{"href":42721},[17,84897,42724],{},[170,84899,84900],{},[693,84901,59321],{"href":59320},[170,84903,84904],{},[693,84905,66203],{"href":73240},[170,84907,84908],{},[693,84909,84423],{"href":84422},[2245,84911,84912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":84914},[84915,84916,84918,84919,84921,84923,84925,84930,84932,84940,84942,84943,84954],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":83133,"depth":111,"text":84917},"What max() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":83302,"depth":111,"text":84920},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83472,"depth":111,"text":84922},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83607,"depth":111,"text":84924},"Using max() with strings",{"id":79064,"depth":111,"text":80262,"children":84926},[84927,84928,84929],{"id":83775,"depth":132,"text":83776},{"id":83864,"depth":132,"text":83865},{"id":83946,"depth":132,"text":83947},{"id":84053,"depth":111,"text":84931},"Using the default argument",{"id":48347,"depth":111,"text":48348,"children":84933},[84934,84936,84938],{"id":84210,"depth":132,"text":84935},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84320,"depth":132,"text":84937},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84426,"depth":132,"text":84939},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84456,"depth":111,"text":84941},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":84944},[84945,84947,84949,84950,84952],{"id":84766,"depth":132,"text":84946},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84774,"depth":132,"text":84948},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":72007,"depth":132,"text":72008},{"id":84795,"depth":132,"text":84951},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84863,"depth":132,"text":84953},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82935,"description":84955},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84962,"title":84963,"body":84964,"description":86918,"extension":2285,"meta":86919,"navigation":2287,"path":86920,"seo":86921,"stem":86922,"__hash__":86923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84965,"toc":86875},[84966,84971,84976,84982,84984,85058,85060,85073,85078,85083,85099,85103,85108,85184,85190,85193,85236,85238,85246,85252,85255,85286,85288,85296,85302,85307,85366,85368,85377,85380,85390,85396,85401,85436,85438,85446,85452,85458,85463,85507,85509,85518,85521,85561,85563,85572,85575,85587,85592,85597,85648,85650,85659,85662,85713,85715,85724,85727,85734,85740,85745,85747,85762,85766,85826,85828,85837,85841,86013,86015,86052,86059,86065,86068,86095,86097,86118,86123,86158,86160,86168,86171,86174,86190,86195,86197,86201,86207,86211,86238,86241,86251,86291,86295,86298,86341,86343,86352,86355,86360,86429,86431,86439,86444,86448,86451,86502,86504,86512,86515,86578,86580,86588,86591,86596,86600,86613,86620,86628,86630,86632,86662,86668,86769,86779,86781,86786,86789,86794,86797,86799,86807,86815,86823,86830,86838,86840,86872],[10,84967,3908,84969,3912],{"id":84968},"python-min-function-explained",[17,84970,84596],{},[14,84972,84973,84975],{},[17,84974,84596],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84977,84978,84979,84981],{},"This page explains what ",[17,84980,84596],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[28,84983,31],{"id":30},[33,84985,84987],{"className":35,"code":84986,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[17,84988,84989,85013,85028,85032],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,84990,84991,84993,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,84992,3952],{"class":114},[42,84994,88],{"class":87},[42,84996,3957],{"class":56},[42,84998,2461],{"class":2348},[42,85000,70],{"class":56},[42,85002,3325],{"class":2348},[42,85004,70],{"class":56},[42,85006,54500],{"class":2348},[42,85008,70],{"class":56},[42,85010,5842],{"class":2348},[42,85012,3970],{"class":56},[42,85014,85015,85017,85019,85022,85024,85026],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85016,284],{"class":52},[42,85018,57],{"class":56},[42,85020,85021],{"class":52},"min",[42,85023,57],{"class":56},[42,85025,3984],{"class":125},[42,85027,842],{"class":56},[42,85029,85030],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,85031,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,85033,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,85035,284],{"class":52},[42,85037,57],{"class":56},[42,85039,85021],{"class":52},[42,85041,57],{"class":56},[42,85043,2461],{"class":2348},[42,85045,70],{"class":56},[42,85047,3325],{"class":2348},[42,85049,70],{"class":56},[42,85051,54500],{"class":2348},[42,85053,70],{"class":56},[42,85055,5842],{"class":2348},[42,85057,842],{"class":56},[14,85059,2395],{},[33,85061,85063],{"className":35,"code":85062,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1\n1\n",[17,85064,85065,85069],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85066,85067],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85068,47280],{"class":2348},[42,85070,85071],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85072,47280],{"class":2348},[14,85074,146,85075,85077],{},[17,85076,84596],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[28,85079,4013,85081,4016],{"id":85080},"what-min-does",[17,85082,84596],{},[167,85084,85085,85090,85093,85096],{},[170,85086,85087,85089],{},[17,85088,84596],{}," returns the smallest item",[170,85091,85092],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[170,85094,85095],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[170,85097,85098],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[28,85100,85102],{"id":85101},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,85104,85105,85106,1935],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[17,85107,84596],{},[33,85109,85111],{"className":35,"code":85110,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[17,85112,85113,85123,85148,85166],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85114,85115,85117,85119,85121],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85116,85021],{"class":52},[42,85118,57],{"class":56},[42,85120,4057],{"class":125},[42,85122,143],{"class":56},[42,85124,85125,85127,85129,85132,85134,85137,85139,85142,85144,85146],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85126,85021],{"class":52},[42,85128,57],{"class":56},[42,85130,85131],{"class":125},"value1",[42,85133,70],{"class":56},[42,85135,85136],{"class":125}," value2",[42,85138,70],{"class":56},[42,85140,85141],{"class":125}," value3",[42,85143,70],{"class":56},[42,85145,34814],{"class":52},[42,85147,143],{"class":56},[42,85149,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,85151,85021],{"class":52},[42,85153,57],{"class":56},[42,85155,4057],{"class":125},[42,85157,70],{"class":56},[42,85159,21937],{"class":83},[42,85161,88],{"class":87},[42,85163,37732],{"class":52},[42,85165,143],{"class":56},[42,85167,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,85169,85021],{"class":52},[42,85171,57],{"class":56},[42,85173,4057],{"class":125},[42,85175,70],{"class":56},[42,85177,26881],{"class":83},[42,85179,88],{"class":87},[42,85181,37732],{"class":52},[42,85183,143],{"class":56},[1073,85185,85187],{"id":85186},"miniterable",[17,85188,85189],{},"min(iterable)",[14,85191,85192],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[33,85194,85196],{"className":35,"code":85195,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,85197,85198,85222],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85199,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85201,3952],{"class":114},[42,85203,88],{"class":87},[42,85205,3957],{"class":56},[42,85207,2674],{"class":2348},[42,85209,70],{"class":56},[42,85211,2781],{"class":2348},[42,85213,70],{"class":56},[42,85215,31302],{"class":2348},[42,85217,70],{"class":56},[42,85219,5842],{"class":2348},[42,85221,3970],{"class":56},[42,85223,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85225,284],{"class":52},[42,85227,57],{"class":56},[42,85229,85021],{"class":52},[42,85231,57],{"class":56},[42,85233,3984],{"class":125},[42,85235,842],{"class":56},[14,85237,2395],{},[33,85239,85240],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,85241,85242],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85243,85244],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85245,47280],{"class":2348},[1073,85247,85249],{"id":85248},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[17,85250,85251],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,85253,85254],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[33,85256,85258],{"className":35,"code":85257,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[17,85259,85260],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85261,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85263,284],{"class":52},[42,85265,57],{"class":56},[42,85267,85021],{"class":52},[42,85269,57],{"class":56},[42,85271,2674],{"class":2348},[42,85273,70],{"class":56},[42,85275,2781],{"class":2348},[42,85277,70],{"class":56},[42,85279,31302],{"class":2348},[42,85281,70],{"class":56},[42,85283,5842],{"class":2348},[42,85285,842],{"class":56},[14,85287,2395],{},[33,85289,85290],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,85291,85292],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85293,85294],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85295,47280],{"class":2348},[1073,85297,85299],{"id":85298},"miniterable-key",[17,85300,85301],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,85303,146,85304,85306],{},[17,85305,15198],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[33,85308,85310],{"className":35,"code":85309,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,85311,85312,85344],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85313,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85315,4409],{"class":114},[42,85317,88],{"class":87},[42,85319,3957],{"class":56},[42,85321,61],{"class":60},[42,85323,79106],{"class":64},[42,85325,61],{"class":60},[42,85327,70],{"class":56},[42,85329,73],{"class":60},[42,85331,38703],{"class":64},[42,85333,61],{"class":60},[42,85335,70],{"class":56},[42,85337,73],{"class":60},[42,85339,4427],{"class":64},[42,85341,61],{"class":60},[42,85343,3970],{"class":56},[42,85345,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356,85358,85360,85362,85364],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85347,284],{"class":52},[42,85349,57],{"class":56},[42,85351,85021],{"class":52},[42,85353,57],{"class":56},[42,85355,4453],{"class":125},[42,85357,70],{"class":56},[42,85359,21937],{"class":83},[42,85361,88],{"class":87},[42,85363,11515],{"class":52},[42,85365,842],{"class":56},[14,85367,2395],{},[33,85369,85371],{"className":35,"code":85370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"kiwi\n",[17,85372,85373],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85374,85375],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85376,85370],{"class":114},[14,85378,85379],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,85381,85382,85383,85385,85386,122],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[17,85384,42724],{},", see the ",[693,85387,85388,3841],{"href":42721},[17,85389,42724],{},[1073,85391,85393],{"id":85392},"miniterable-default",[17,85394,85395],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,85397,146,85398,85400],{},[17,85399,83298],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[33,85402,85404],{"className":35,"code":85403,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[17,85405,85406,85414],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85407,85408,85410,85412],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85409,3952],{"class":114},[42,85411,88],{"class":87},[42,85413,8188],{"class":56},[42,85415,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85417,284],{"class":52},[42,85419,57],{"class":56},[42,85421,85021],{"class":52},[42,85423,57],{"class":56},[42,85425,3984],{"class":125},[42,85427,70],{"class":56},[42,85429,26881],{"class":83},[42,85431,88],{"class":87},[42,85433,2445],{"class":2348},[42,85435,842],{"class":56},[14,85437,2395],{},[33,85439,85440],{"className":35,"code":47615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,85441,85442],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85443,85444],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85445,47615],{"class":2348},[14,85447,85448,85449,85451],{},"This avoids a ",[17,85450,41067],{}," when there is no item to return.",[28,85453,1940,85455,85457],{"id":85454},"using-min-with-numbers",[17,85456,84596],{}," with numbers",[14,85459,85460,85462],{},[17,85461,84596],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[33,85464,85466],{"className":35,"code":85465,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[17,85467,85468,85493],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85469,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85471,5406],{"class":114},[42,85473,88],{"class":87},[42,85475,3957],{"class":56},[42,85477,51868],{"class":2348},[42,85479,70],{"class":56},[42,85481,85482],{"class":2348}," 72",[42,85484,70],{"class":56},[42,85486,29265],{"class":2348},[42,85488,70],{"class":56},[42,85490,76462],{"class":2348},[42,85492,3970],{"class":56},[42,85494,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85496,284],{"class":52},[42,85498,57],{"class":56},[42,85500,85021],{"class":52},[42,85502,57],{"class":56},[42,85504,16747],{"class":125},[42,85506,842],{"class":56},[14,85508,2395],{},[33,85510,85512],{"className":35,"code":85511,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"60\n",[17,85513,85514],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85515,85516],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85517,85511],{"class":2348},[14,85519,85520],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[33,85522,85524],{"className":35,"code":85523,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[17,85525,85526,85547],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85527,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85541,85543,85545],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85529,83410],{"class":114},[42,85531,88],{"class":87},[42,85533,3957],{"class":56},[42,85535,40761],{"class":2348},[42,85537,70],{"class":56},[42,85539,85540],{"class":2348}," 5.49",[42,85542,70],{"class":56},[42,85544,83426],{"class":2348},[42,85546,3970],{"class":56},[42,85548,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85550,284],{"class":52},[42,85552,57],{"class":56},[42,85554,85021],{"class":52},[42,85556,57],{"class":56},[42,85558,83446],{"class":125},[42,85560,842],{"class":56},[14,85562,2395],{},[33,85564,85566],{"className":35,"code":85565,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5.49\n",[17,85567,85568],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85569,85570],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85571,85565],{"class":2348},[14,85573,85574],{},"This is useful for things like:",[167,85576,85577,85579,85581,85584],{},[170,85578,16747],{},[170,85580,83446],{},[170,85582,85583],{},"measurements",[170,85585,85586],{},"ages",[28,85588,1940,85590,47422],{"id":85589},"using-min-with-strings",[17,85591,84596],{},[14,85593,85594,85596],{},[17,85595,84596],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[33,85598,85600],{"className":35,"code":85599,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,85601,85602,85634],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85603,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85605,4409],{"class":114},[42,85607,88],{"class":87},[42,85609,3957],{"class":56},[42,85611,61],{"class":60},[42,85613,4427],{"class":64},[42,85615,61],{"class":60},[42,85617,70],{"class":56},[42,85619,73],{"class":60},[42,85621,4418],{"class":64},[42,85623,61],{"class":60},[42,85625,70],{"class":56},[42,85627,73],{"class":60},[42,85629,4436],{"class":64},[42,85631,61],{"class":60},[42,85633,3970],{"class":56},[42,85635,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85637,284],{"class":52},[42,85639,57],{"class":56},[42,85641,85021],{"class":52},[42,85643,57],{"class":56},[42,85645,4453],{"class":125},[42,85647,842],{"class":56},[14,85649,2395],{},[33,85651,85653],{"className":35,"code":85652,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"apple\n",[17,85654,85655],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85656,85657],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85658,85652],{"class":114},[14,85660,85661],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[33,85663,85665],{"className":35,"code":85664,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,85666,85667,85699],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85668,85669,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85670,4409],{"class":114},[42,85672,88],{"class":87},[42,85674,3957],{"class":56},[42,85676,61],{"class":60},[42,85678,4427],{"class":64},[42,85680,61],{"class":60},[42,85682,70],{"class":56},[42,85684,73],{"class":60},[42,85686,58133],{"class":64},[42,85688,61],{"class":60},[42,85690,70],{"class":56},[42,85692,73],{"class":60},[42,85694,4436],{"class":64},[42,85696,61],{"class":60},[42,85698,3970],{"class":56},[42,85700,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85702,284],{"class":52},[42,85704,57],{"class":56},[42,85706,85021],{"class":52},[42,85708,57],{"class":56},[42,85710,4453],{"class":125},[42,85712,842],{"class":56},[14,85714,2395],{},[33,85716,85718],{"className":35,"code":85717,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Apple\n",[17,85719,85720],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85721,85722],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85723,85717],{"class":114},[14,85725,85726],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,85728,85729,85730,122],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[693,85731,85732,6128],{"href":74883},[17,85733,74786],{},[28,85735,1940,85737,85739],{"id":85736},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[17,85738,84596],{}," with a key function",[14,85741,2303,85742,85744],{},[17,85743,15198],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,85746,165],{},[167,85748,85749,85754,85759],{},[170,85750,85751,85753],{},[17,85752,15198],{}," changes the comparison rule",[170,85755,85756,85758],{},[17,85757,84596],{}," still returns the original item",[170,85760,85761],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1073,85763,85765],{"id":85764},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[33,85767,85769],{"className":35,"code":85768,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,85770,85771,85804],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85772,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85800,85802],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85774,4409],{"class":114},[42,85776,88],{"class":87},[42,85778,3957],{"class":56},[42,85780,61],{"class":60},[42,85782,68690],{"class":64},[42,85784,61],{"class":60},[42,85786,70],{"class":56},[42,85788,73],{"class":60},[42,85790,37408],{"class":64},[42,85792,61],{"class":60},[42,85794,70],{"class":56},[42,85796,73],{"class":60},[42,85798,85799],{"class":64},"giraffe",[42,85801,61],{"class":60},[42,85803,3970],{"class":56},[42,85805,85806,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85807,284],{"class":52},[42,85809,57],{"class":56},[42,85811,85021],{"class":52},[42,85813,57],{"class":56},[42,85815,4453],{"class":125},[42,85817,70],{"class":56},[42,85819,21937],{"class":83},[42,85821,88],{"class":87},[42,85823,11515],{"class":52},[42,85825,842],{"class":56},[14,85827,2395],{},[33,85829,85831],{"className":35,"code":85830,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"cat\n",[17,85832,85833],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85834,85835],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85836,85830],{"class":114},[1073,85838,85840],{"id":85839},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[33,85842,85844],{"className":35,"code":85843,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[17,85845,85846,85856,85891,85923,85955,85959,85963,86002],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,85847,85848,85851,85853],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,85849,85850],{"class":114},"students ",[42,85852,88],{"class":87},[42,85854,85855],{"class":56}," [\n",[42,85857,85858,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85882,85884,85886,85888],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,85859,85860],{"class":56},"    {",[42,85862,61],{"class":60},[42,85864,8016],{"class":64},[42,85866,61],{"class":60},[42,85868,1935],{"class":56},[42,85870,73],{"class":60},[42,85872,13237],{"class":64},[42,85874,61],{"class":60},[42,85876,70],{"class":56},[42,85878,73],{"class":60},[42,85880,85881],{"class":64},"score",[42,85883,61],{"class":60},[42,85885,1935],{"class":56},[42,85887,13864],{"class":2348},[42,85889,85890],{"class":56},"},\n",[42,85892,85893,85895,85897,85899,85901,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,85894,85860],{"class":56},[42,85896,61],{"class":60},[42,85898,8016],{"class":64},[42,85900,61],{"class":60},[42,85902,1935],{"class":56},[42,85904,73],{"class":60},[42,85906,36300],{"class":64},[42,85908,61],{"class":60},[42,85910,70],{"class":56},[42,85912,73],{"class":60},[42,85914,85881],{"class":64},[42,85916,61],{"class":60},[42,85918,1935],{"class":56},[42,85920,85482],{"class":2348},[42,85922,85890],{"class":56},[42,85924,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,85926,85860],{"class":56},[42,85928,61],{"class":60},[42,85930,8016],{"class":64},[42,85932,61],{"class":60},[42,85934,1935],{"class":56},[42,85936,73],{"class":60},[42,85938,36309],{"class":64},[42,85940,61],{"class":60},[42,85942,70],{"class":56},[42,85944,73],{"class":60},[42,85946,85881],{"class":64},[42,85948,61],{"class":60},[42,85950,1935],{"class":56},[42,85952,20257],{"class":2348},[42,85954,9659],{"class":56},[42,85956,85957],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,85958,3970],{"class":56},[42,85960,85961],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,85962,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,85964,85965,85968,85970,85973,85975,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996,85998,86000],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,85966,85967],{"class":114},"lowest ",[42,85969,88],{"class":87},[42,85971,85972],{"class":52}," min",[42,85974,57],{"class":56},[42,85976,85977],{"class":125},"students",[42,85979,70],{"class":56},[42,85981,21937],{"class":83},[42,85983,88],{"class":87},[42,85985,38021],{"class":858},[42,85987,13263],{"class":38024},[42,85989,1935],{"class":56},[42,85991,13263],{"class":125},[42,85993,4238],{"class":56},[42,85995,61],{"class":60},[42,85997,85881],{"class":64},[42,85999,61],{"class":60},[42,86001,4226],{"class":56},[42,86003,86004,86006,86008,86011],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,86005,284],{"class":52},[42,86007,57],{"class":56},[42,86009,86010],{"class":125},"lowest",[42,86012,143],{"class":56},[14,86014,2395],{},[33,86016,86018],{"className":35,"code":86017,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[17,86019,86020],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86021,86022,86024,86026,86028,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86023,9628],{"class":56},[42,86025,868],{"class":60},[42,86027,8016],{"class":64},[42,86029,868],{"class":60},[42,86031,1935],{"class":56},[42,86033,862],{"class":60},[42,86035,36300],{"class":64},[42,86037,868],{"class":60},[42,86039,70],{"class":56},[42,86041,862],{"class":60},[42,86043,85881],{"class":64},[42,86045,868],{"class":60},[42,86047,1935],{"class":56},[42,86049,85482],{"class":2348},[42,86051,9659],{"class":56},[14,86053,86054,86055,86058],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[17,86056,86057],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[28,86060,1940,86062,86064],{"id":86061},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[17,86063,83298],{}," with empty iterables",[14,86066,86067],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[33,86069,86071],{"className":35,"code":86070,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,86072,86073,86081],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86074,86075,86077,86079],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86076,3952],{"class":114},[42,86078,88],{"class":87},[42,86080,8188],{"class":56},[42,86082,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86084,284],{"class":52},[42,86086,57],{"class":56},[42,86088,85021],{"class":52},[42,86090,57],{"class":56},[42,86092,3984],{"class":125},[42,86094,842],{"class":56},[14,86096,2395],{},[33,86098,86100],{"className":35,"code":86099,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[17,86101,86102],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86103,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86105,41067],{"class":834},[42,86107,1935],{"class":56},[42,86109,85972],{"class":52},[42,86111,7713],{"class":56},[42,86113,84267],{"class":114},[42,86115,12549],{"class":87},[42,86117,84272],{"class":114},[14,86119,86120,86121,1935],{},"To avoid that, use ",[17,86122,83298],{},[33,86124,86126],{"className":35,"code":86125,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[17,86127,86128,86136],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86129,86130,86132,86134],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86131,3952],{"class":114},[42,86133,88],{"class":87},[42,86135,8188],{"class":56},[42,86137,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154,86156],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86139,284],{"class":52},[42,86141,57],{"class":56},[42,86143,85021],{"class":52},[42,86145,57],{"class":56},[42,86147,3984],{"class":125},[42,86149,70],{"class":56},[42,86151,26881],{"class":83},[42,86153,88],{"class":87},[42,86155,4115],{"class":4190},[42,86157,842],{"class":56},[14,86159,2395],{},[33,86161,86162],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,86163,86164],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86165,86166],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86167,12163],{"class":4190},[14,86169,86170],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,86172,86173],{},"Remember:",[167,86175,86176,86184],{},[170,86177,86178,86180,86181,86183],{},[17,86179,83298],{}," works only when ",[17,86182,84596],{}," gets one iterable argument",[170,86185,86186,86187],{},"It does not work with ",[17,86188,86189],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,86191,86192,86193,122],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[693,86194,66203],{"href":73240},[28,86196,11097],{"id":11096},[14,86198,57140,86199,122],{},[17,86200,84596],{},[1073,86202,86204,86205],{"id":86203},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[17,86206,83298],{},[14,86208,3335,86209,1935],{},[17,86210,41067],{},[33,86212,86214],{"className":35,"code":86213,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[17,86215,86216,86224],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86217,86218,86220,86222],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86219,8128],{"class":114},[42,86221,88],{"class":87},[42,86223,8188],{"class":56},[42,86225,86226,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86227,284],{"class":52},[42,86229,57],{"class":56},[42,86231,85021],{"class":52},[42,86233,57],{"class":56},[42,86235,8159],{"class":125},[42,86237,842],{"class":56},[14,86239,86240],{},"Fix it by:",[167,86242,86243,86246],{},[170,86244,86245],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[170,86247,86248,86249],{},"or using ",[17,86250,83298],{},[33,86252,86254],{"className":35,"code":86253,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[17,86255,86256,86264],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86257,86258,86260,86262],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86259,8128],{"class":114},[42,86261,88],{"class":87},[42,86263,8188],{"class":56},[42,86265,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86287,86289],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86267,284],{"class":52},[42,86269,57],{"class":56},[42,86271,85021],{"class":52},[42,86273,57],{"class":56},[42,86275,8159],{"class":125},[42,86277,70],{"class":56},[42,86279,26881],{"class":83},[42,86281,88],{"class":87},[42,86283,61],{"class":60},[42,86285,86286],{"class":64},"no items",[42,86288,61],{"class":60},[42,86290,842],{"class":56},[1073,86292,86294],{"id":86293},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,86296,86297],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[33,86299,86301],{"className":35,"code":86300,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[17,86302,86303,86327],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86304,86305,86307,86309,86311,86313,86315,86317,86319,86321,86323,86325],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86306,9516],{"class":114},[42,86308,88],{"class":87},[42,86310,3957],{"class":56},[42,86312,2659],{"class":2348},[42,86314,70],{"class":56},[42,86316,73],{"class":60},[42,86318,16112],{"class":64},[42,86320,61],{"class":60},[42,86322,70],{"class":56},[42,86324,4946],{"class":2348},[42,86326,3970],{"class":56},[42,86328,86329,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86330,284],{"class":52},[42,86332,57],{"class":56},[42,86334,85021],{"class":52},[42,86336,57],{"class":56},[42,86338,9554],{"class":125},[42,86340,842],{"class":56},[14,86342,2395],{},[33,86344,86346],{"className":35,"code":86345,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"TypeError\n",[17,86347,86348],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86349,86350],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86351,86345],{"class":834},[14,86353,86354],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,86356,86357,86358,122],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[17,86359,84596],{},[33,86361,86363],{"className":35,"code":86362,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[17,86364,86365,86389,86415],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86366,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86368,9516],{"class":114},[42,86370,88],{"class":87},[42,86372,3957],{"class":56},[42,86374,2659],{"class":2348},[42,86376,70],{"class":56},[42,86378,73],{"class":60},[42,86380,16112],{"class":64},[42,86382,61],{"class":60},[42,86384,70],{"class":56},[42,86386,4946],{"class":2348},[42,86388,3970],{"class":56},[42,86390,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86392,3952],{"class":114},[42,86394,88],{"class":87},[42,86396,3957],{"class":56},[42,86398,2513],{"class":834},[42,86400,57],{"class":56},[42,86402,2498],{"class":125},[42,86404,98],{"class":56},[42,86406,4215],{"class":48},[42,86408,4218],{"class":114},[42,86410,1299],{"class":48},[42,86412,14923],{"class":114},[42,86414,3970],{"class":56},[42,86416,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,86418,284],{"class":52},[42,86420,57],{"class":56},[42,86422,85021],{"class":52},[42,86424,57],{"class":56},[42,86426,3984],{"class":125},[42,86428,842],{"class":56},[14,86430,2395],{},[33,86432,86433],{"className":35,"code":3278,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,86434,86435],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86436,86437],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86438,3278],{"class":2348},[14,86440,86441,86442,122],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[17,86443,3338],{},[1073,86445,86447],{"id":86446},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,86449,86450],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[33,86452,86454],{"className":35,"code":86453,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[17,86455,86456,86488],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86457,86458,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476,86478,86480,86482,86484,86486],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86459,4409],{"class":114},[42,86461,88],{"class":87},[42,86463,3957],{"class":56},[42,86465,61],{"class":60},[42,86467,79922],{"class":64},[42,86469,61],{"class":60},[42,86471,70],{"class":56},[42,86473,73],{"class":60},[42,86475,58133],{"class":64},[42,86477,61],{"class":60},[42,86479,70],{"class":56},[42,86481,73],{"class":60},[42,86483,79939],{"class":64},[42,86485,61],{"class":60},[42,86487,3970],{"class":56},[42,86489,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86491,284],{"class":52},[42,86493,57],{"class":56},[42,86495,85021],{"class":52},[42,86497,57],{"class":56},[42,86499,4453],{"class":125},[42,86501,842],{"class":56},[14,86503,2395],{},[33,86505,86506],{"className":35,"code":85717,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,86507,86508],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86509,86510],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86511,85717],{"class":114},[14,86513,86514],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[33,86516,86518],{"className":35,"code":86517,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[17,86519,86520,86552],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86521,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534,86536,86538,86540,86542,86544,86546,86548,86550],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86523,4409],{"class":114},[42,86525,88],{"class":87},[42,86527,3957],{"class":56},[42,86529,61],{"class":60},[42,86531,79922],{"class":64},[42,86533,61],{"class":60},[42,86535,70],{"class":56},[42,86537,73],{"class":60},[42,86539,58133],{"class":64},[42,86541,61],{"class":60},[42,86543,70],{"class":56},[42,86545,73],{"class":60},[42,86547,79939],{"class":64},[42,86549,61],{"class":60},[42,86551,3970],{"class":56},[42,86553,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86555,284],{"class":52},[42,86557,57],{"class":56},[42,86559,85021],{"class":52},[42,86561,57],{"class":56},[42,86563,4453],{"class":125},[42,86565,70],{"class":56},[42,86567,21937],{"class":83},[42,86569,88],{"class":87},[42,86571,3775],{"class":834},[42,86573,122],{"class":56},[42,86575,8990],{"class":2022},[42,86577,842],{"class":56},[14,86579,2395],{},[33,86581,86582],{"className":35,"code":85717,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,86583,86584],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86585,86586],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86587,85717],{"class":114},[14,86589,86590],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[28,86592,5303,86594],{"id":86593},"when-to-use-min",[17,86595,84596],{},[14,86597,146,86598,10953],{},[17,86599,84596],{},[167,86601,86602,86605,86610],{},[170,86603,86604],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[170,86606,86607,86608],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[17,86609,15198],{},[170,86611,86612],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,86614,146,86615,86619],{},[693,86616,86617],{"href":74883},[17,86618,74786],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,86621,146,86622,86627],{},[693,86623,86625],{"href":86624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[17,86626,82943],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[28,86629,1929],{"id":1928},[14,86631,84601],{},[167,86633,86634,86642,86645,86650,86657],{},[170,86635,86636,86637,86639,86640],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[17,86638,84596],{}," without using ",[17,86641,83298],{},[170,86643,86644],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[170,86646,8803,86647,86649],{},[17,86648,84596],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[170,86651,5045,86652,86654,86655,85758],{},[17,86653,15198],{}," affects comparison but ",[17,86656,84596],{},[170,86658,1940,86659,86661],{},[17,86660,83298],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,86663,86664,86665,86667],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[17,86666,84596],{},", these quick checks can help:",[33,86669,86671],{"className":35,"code":86670,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[17,86672,86673,86687,86697,86711,86725,86747],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,86674,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683,86685],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,86676,284],{"class":52},[42,86678,57],{"class":56},[42,86680,835],{"class":834},[42,86682,57],{"class":56},[42,86684,9554],{"class":125},[42,86686,842],{"class":56},[42,86688,86689,86691,86693,86695],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,86690,284],{"class":52},[42,86692,57],{"class":56},[42,86694,9554],{"class":125},[42,86696,143],{"class":56},[42,86698,86699,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,86700,284],{"class":52},[42,86702,57],{"class":56},[42,86704,11515],{"class":52},[42,86706,57],{"class":56},[42,86708,9554],{"class":125},[42,86710,842],{"class":56},[42,86712,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,86714,284],{"class":52},[42,86716,57],{"class":56},[42,86718,85021],{"class":52},[42,86720,57],{"class":56},[42,86722,9554],{"class":125},[42,86724,842],{"class":56},[42,86726,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,86728,284],{"class":52},[42,86730,57],{"class":56},[42,86732,85021],{"class":52},[42,86734,57],{"class":56},[42,86736,9554],{"class":125},[42,86738,70],{"class":56},[42,86740,26881],{"class":83},[42,86742,88],{"class":87},[42,86744,4115],{"class":4190},[42,86746,842],{"class":56},[42,86748,86749,86751,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761,86763,86765,86767],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,86750,284],{"class":52},[42,86752,57],{"class":56},[42,86754,85021],{"class":52},[42,86756,57],{"class":56},[42,86758,4453],{"class":125},[42,86760,70],{"class":56},[42,86762,21937],{"class":83},[42,86764,88],{"class":87},[42,86766,11515],{"class":52},[42,86768,842],{"class":56},[14,86770,86771,86772,86775,86776,86778],{},"Use them carefully. 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":86876},[86877,86878,86880,86886,86888,86890,86895,86897,86903,86905,86906,86917],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":85080,"depth":111,"text":86879},"What min() does",{"id":85101,"depth":111,"text":85102,"children":86881},[86882,86883,86884,86885],{"id":85186,"depth":132,"text":85189},{"id":85248,"depth":132,"text":85251},{"id":85298,"depth":132,"text":85301},{"id":85392,"depth":132,"text":85395},{"id":85454,"depth":111,"text":86887},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85589,"depth":111,"text":86889},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85736,"depth":111,"text":86891,"children":86892},"Using min() with a key function",[86893,86894],{"id":85764,"depth":132,"text":85765},{"id":85839,"depth":132,"text":85840},{"id":86061,"depth":111,"text":86896},"Using default with empty 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print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88852,"toc":90793},[88853,88858,88863,88869,88871,88939,88941,88960,88965,88970,88975,88978,88990,88992,89035,89037,89055,89066,89068,89070,89095,89097,89108,89110,89170,89172,89198,89201,89205,89210,89214,89217,89251,89255,89258,89283,89287,89310,89314,89347,89352,89356,89361,89364,89432,89434,89458,89463,89466,89497,89499,89531,89548,89552,89557,89581,89588,89593,89598,89601,89605,89640,89642,89651,89655,89746,89748,89779,89784,89791,89796,89805,89808,89842,89844,89858,89862,89903,89905,89914,89918,89966,89968,89982,89987,89998,90005,90011,90013,90048,90050,90064,90067,90089,90095,90124,90135,90141,90147,90161,90163,90242,90244,90294,90301,90303,90308,90312,90315,90330,90335,90337,90356,90362,90365,90380,90382,90400,90406,90411,90441,90444,90467,90470,90497,90504,90510,90518,90541,90546,90554,90556,90576,90580,90586,90636,90639,90661,90663,90669,90677,90683,90689,90697,90702,90706,90709,90732,90737,90744,90756,90758,90790],[10,88854,3908,88856,3912],{"id":88855},"python-print-function-explained",[17,88857,46815],{},[14,88859,32677,88860,88862],{},[17,88861,46815],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88864,88865,88866,88868],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[17,88867,46815],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[28,88870,31],{"id":30},[33,88872,88874],{"className":35,"code":88873,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[17,88875,88876,88888,88897,88901,88911,88921],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,88877,88878,88880,88882,88884,88886],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,88879,8226],{"class":114},[42,88881,88],{"class":87},[42,88883,73],{"class":60},[42,88885,8271],{"class":64},[42,88887,3689],{"class":60},[42,88889,88890,88892,88894],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,88891,21986],{"class":114},[42,88893,88],{"class":87},[42,88895,88896],{"class":2348}," 12\n",[42,88898,88899],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,88900,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,88902,88903,88905,88907,88909],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,88904,284],{"class":52},[42,88906,57],{"class":56},[42,88908,8016],{"class":125},[42,88910,143],{"class":56},[42,88912,88913,88915,88917,88919],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,88914,284],{"class":52},[42,88916,57],{"class":56},[42,88918,9649],{"class":125},[42,88920,143],{"class":56},[42,88922,88923,88925,88927,88929,88931,88933,88935,88937],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,88924,284],{"class":52},[42,88926,57],{"class":56},[42,88928,61],{"class":60},[42,88930,654],{"class":64},[42,88932,61],{"class":60},[42,88934,70],{"class":56},[42,88936,36351],{"class":125},[42,88938,143],{"class":56},[14,88940,2395],{},[33,88942,88944],{"className":35,"code":88943,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[17,88945,88946,88951,88955],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,88947,88948],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,88949,88950],{"class":114},"Mia\n",[42,88952,88953],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,88954,2550],{"class":2348},[42,88956,88957],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,88958,88959],{"class":114},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88961,146,88962,88964],{},[17,88963,46815],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[28,88966,4013,88968,4016],{"id":88967},"what-print-does",[17,88969,46815],{},[14,88971,88972,88974],{},[17,88973,46815],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88976,88977],{},"You can use it to display:",[167,88979,88980,88982,88984,88987],{},[170,88981,444],{},[170,88983,3984],{},[170,88985,88986],{},"variables",[170,88988,88989],{},"expressions",[14,88991,219],{},[33,88993,88995],{"className":35,"code":88994,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[17,88996,88997,89011,89021],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,88998,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89000,284],{"class":52},[42,89002,57],{"class":56},[42,89004,61],{"class":60},[42,89006,654],{"class":64},[42,89008,61],{"class":60},[42,89010,143],{"class":56},[42,89012,89013,89015,89017,89019],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89014,284],{"class":52},[42,89016,57],{"class":56},[42,89018,2461],{"class":2348},[42,89020,143],{"class":56},[42,89022,89023,89025,89027,89029,89031,89033],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,89024,284],{"class":52},[42,89026,57],{"class":56},[42,89028,2381],{"class":2348},[42,89030,2784],{"class":87},[42,89032,2781],{"class":2348},[42,89034,143],{"class":56},[14,89036,2395],{},[33,89038,89040],{"className":35,"code":89039,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[17,89041,89042,89047,89051],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89043,89044],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89045,89046],{"class":114},"Hello\n",[42,89048,89049],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89050,3278],{"class":2348},[42,89052,89053],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,89054,3278],{"class":2348},[14,89056,89057,89058,89060,89061,89065],{},"A very important detail is that ",[17,89059,46815],{}," ",[177,89062,4028,89063],{},[17,89064,4115],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[28,89067,312],{"id":311},[14,89069,31084],{},[33,89071,89073],{"className":35,"code":89072,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[17,89074,89075],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89076,89077,89079,89081,89084,89086,89089,89091,89093],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89078,284],{"class":52},[42,89080,57],{"class":56},[42,89082,89083],{"class":125},"object1",[42,89085,70],{"class":56},[42,89087,89088],{"class":125}," object2",[42,89090,70],{"class":56},[42,89092,34814],{"class":52},[42,89094,143],{"class":56},[14,89096,80565],{},[167,89098,89099,89102,89105],{},[170,89100,89101],{},"one value",[170,89103,89104],{},"many values",[170,89106,89107],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,89109,219],{},[33,89111,89113],{"className":35,"code":89112,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[17,89114,89115,89129,89148],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89116,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125,89127],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89118,284],{"class":52},[42,89120,57],{"class":56},[42,89122,61],{"class":60},[42,89124,58133],{"class":64},[42,89126,61],{"class":60},[42,89128,143],{"class":56},[42,89130,89131,89133,89135,89137,89140,89142,89144,89146],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89132,284],{"class":52},[42,89134,57],{"class":56},[42,89136,61],{"class":60},[42,89138,89139],{"class":64},"Score:",[42,89141,61],{"class":60},[42,89143,70],{"class":56},[42,89145,6350],{"class":2348},[42,89147,143],{"class":56},[42,89149,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89168],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,89151,284],{"class":52},[42,89153,57],{"class":56},[42,89155,61],{"class":60},[42,89157,45926],{"class":64},[42,89159,61],{"class":60},[42,89161,70],{"class":56},[42,89163,2787],{"class":2348},[42,89165,2784],{"class":87},[42,89167,38005],{"class":2348},[42,89169,143],{"class":56},[14,89171,2395],{},[33,89173,89175],{"className":35,"code":89174,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[17,89176,89177,89181,89190],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89178,89179],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89180,85717],{"class":114},[42,89182,89183,89186,89188],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89184,89185],{"class":114},"Score",[42,89187,1935],{"class":56},[42,89189,2919],{"class":2348},[42,89191,89192,89194,89196],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,89193,45966],{"class":114},[42,89195,1935],{"class":56},[42,89197,2919],{"class":2348},[14,89199,89200],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[28,89202,89204],{"id":89203},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,89206,89207,89208,122],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[17,89209,46815],{},[1073,89211,89213],{"id":89212},"print-text","Print text",[14,89215,89216],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[33,89218,89220],{"className":35,"code":89219,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[17,89221,89222,89236],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89223,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89225,284],{"class":52},[42,89227,57],{"class":56},[42,89229,61],{"class":60},[42,89231,654],{"class":64},[42,89233,61],{"class":60},[42,89235,143],{"class":56},[42,89237,89238,89240,89242,89244,89247,89249],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89239,284],{"class":52},[42,89241,57],{"class":56},[42,89243,61],{"class":60},[42,89245,89246],{"class":64},"Python is fun",[42,89248,61],{"class":60},[42,89250,143],{"class":56},[1073,89252,89254],{"id":89253},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,89256,89257],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[33,89259,89261],{"className":35,"code":89260,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[17,89262,89263,89273],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89264,89265,89267,89269,89271],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89266,284],{"class":52},[42,89268,57],{"class":56},[42,89270,2461],{"class":2348},[42,89272,143],{"class":56},[42,89274,89275,89277,89279,89281],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89276,284],{"class":52},[42,89278,57],{"class":56},[42,89280,40506],{"class":2348},[42,89282,143],{"class":56},[1073,89284,89286],{"id":89285},"print-variables","Print variables",[33,89288,89290],{"className":35,"code":89289,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[17,89291,89292,89300],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89293,89294,89296,89298],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89295,5438],{"class":114},[42,89297,88],{"class":87},[42,89299,14487],{"class":2348},[42,89301,89302,89304,89306,89308],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89303,284],{"class":52},[42,89305,57],{"class":56},[42,89307,85881],{"class":125},[42,89309,143],{"class":56},[1073,89311,89313],{"id":89312},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[33,89315,89317],{"className":35,"code":89316,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[17,89318,89319,89333],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89320,89321,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89322,284],{"class":52},[42,89324,57],{"class":56},[42,89326,2381],{"class":2348},[42,89328,2784],{"class":87},[42,89330,2781],{"class":2348},[42,89332,143],{"class":56},[42,89334,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343,89345],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89336,284],{"class":52},[42,89338,57],{"class":56},[42,89340,2659],{"class":2348},[42,89342,83194],{"class":87},[42,89344,2787],{"class":2348},[42,89346,143],{"class":56},[14,89348,89349,89350,122],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[693,89351,51339],{"href":51338},[28,89353,89355],{"id":89354},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,89357,89358,89360],{},[17,89359,46815],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,89362,89363],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[33,89365,89367],{"className":35,"code":89366,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,89368,89369,89382,89390,89394,89413],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89370,89371,89373,89375,89377,89380],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89372,8226],{"class":114},[42,89374,88],{"class":87},[42,89376,73],{"class":60},[42,89378,89379],{"class":64},"Ava",[42,89381,3689],{"class":60},[42,89383,89384,89386,89388],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89385,21986],{"class":114},[42,89387,88],{"class":87},[42,89389,2919],{"class":2348},[42,89391,89392],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,89393,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,89395,89396,89398,89400,89402,89405,89407,89409,89411],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,89397,284],{"class":52},[42,89399,57],{"class":56},[42,89401,61],{"class":60},[42,89403,89404],{"class":64},"Name:",[42,89406,61],{"class":60},[42,89408,70],{"class":56},[42,89410,36351],{"class":125},[42,89412,143],{"class":56},[42,89414,89415,89417,89419,89421,89424,89426,89428,89430],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,89416,284],{"class":52},[42,89418,57],{"class":56},[42,89420,61],{"class":60},[42,89422,89423],{"class":64},"Age:",[42,89425,61],{"class":60},[42,89427,70],{"class":56},[42,89429,9538],{"class":125},[42,89431,143],{"class":56},[14,89433,2395],{},[33,89435,89437],{"className":35,"code":89436,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[17,89438,89439,89449],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89440,89441,89444,89446],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89442,89443],{"class":114},"Name",[42,89445,1935],{"class":56},[42,89447,89448],{"class":114}," Ava\n",[42,89450,89451,89454,89456],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89452,89453],{"class":114},"Age",[42,89455,1935],{"class":56},[42,89457,2919],{"class":2348},[14,89459,89460,89461,122],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[17,89462,2384],{},[14,89464,89465],{},"For example, this works:",[33,89467,89469],{"className":35,"code":89468,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,89470,89471,89479],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89472,89473,89475,89477],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89474,21986],{"class":114},[42,89476,88],{"class":87},[42,89478,2919],{"class":2348},[42,89480,89481,89483,89485,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89482,284],{"class":52},[42,89484,57],{"class":56},[42,89486,61],{"class":60},[42,89488,89423],{"class":64},[42,89490,61],{"class":60},[42,89492,70],{"class":56},[42,89494,9538],{"class":125},[42,89496,143],{"class":56},[14,89498,37287],{},[33,89500,89502],{"className":35,"code":89501,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[17,89503,89504,89512],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89505,89506,89508,89510],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89507,21986],{"class":114},[42,89509,88],{"class":87},[42,89511,2919],{"class":2348},[42,89513,89514,89516,89518,89520,89523,89525,89527,89529],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89515,284],{"class":52},[42,89517,57],{"class":56},[42,89519,61],{"class":60},[42,89521,89522],{"class":64},"Age: ",[42,89524,61],{"class":60},[42,89526,2784],{"class":87},[42,89528,9538],{"class":125},[42,89530,143],{"class":56},[14,89532,89533,89534,89537,89538,89540,89541,89543,89544,122],{},"That fails because ",[17,89535,89536],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[17,89539,9649],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[17,89542,2384],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[693,89545,89546],{"href":42538},[17,89547,48045],{},[28,89549,89551],{"id":89550},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89553,89554,89556],{},[17,89555,46815],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[167,89558,89559,89565,89570,89575],{},[170,89560,89561,89564],{},[17,89562,89563],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[170,89566,89567,89569],{},[17,89568,53024],{}," controls what is added after the output",[170,89571,89572,89574],{},[17,89573,229],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[170,89576,89577,89580],{},[17,89578,89579],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89582,89583,89584,1753,89586,122],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[17,89585,89563],{},[17,89587,53024],{},[28,89589,89591,36976],{"id":89590},"sep-argument",[17,89592,89563],{},[14,89594,2303,89595,89597],{},[17,89596,89563],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89599,89600],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1073,89602,89604],{"id":89603},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[33,89606,89608],{"className":35,"code":89607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[17,89609,89610],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89611,89612,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624,89626,89628,89630,89632,89634,89636,89638],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89613,284],{"class":52},[42,89615,57],{"class":56},[42,89617,61],{"class":60},[42,89619,13450],{"class":64},[42,89621,61],{"class":60},[42,89623,70],{"class":56},[42,89625,73],{"class":60},[42,89627,17814],{"class":64},[42,89629,61],{"class":60},[42,89631,70],{"class":56},[42,89633,73],{"class":60},[42,89635,13467],{"class":64},[42,89637,61],{"class":60},[42,89639,143],{"class":56},[14,89641,2395],{},[33,89643,89645],{"className":35,"code":89644,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"red green blue\n",[17,89646,89647],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89648,89649],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89650,89644],{"class":114},[1073,89652,89654],{"id":89653},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[33,89656,89658],{"className":35,"code":89657,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[17,89659,89660,89703],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89661,89662,89664,89666,89668,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686,89688,89690,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89663,284],{"class":52},[42,89665,57],{"class":56},[42,89667,61],{"class":60},[42,89669,13450],{"class":64},[42,89671,61],{"class":60},[42,89673,70],{"class":56},[42,89675,73],{"class":60},[42,89677,17814],{"class":64},[42,89679,61],{"class":60},[42,89681,70],{"class":56},[42,89683,73],{"class":60},[42,89685,13467],{"class":64},[42,89687,61],{"class":60},[42,89689,70],{"class":56},[42,89691,89692],{"class":83}," sep",[42,89694,88],{"class":87},[42,89696,61],{"class":60},[42,89698,70],{"class":64},[42,89700,61],{"class":60},[42,89702,143],{"class":56},[42,89704,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739,89742,89744],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89706,284],{"class":52},[42,89708,57],{"class":56},[42,89710,61],{"class":60},[42,89712,13450],{"class":64},[42,89714,61],{"class":60},[42,89716,70],{"class":56},[42,89718,73],{"class":60},[42,89720,17814],{"class":64},[42,89722,61],{"class":60},[42,89724,70],{"class":56},[42,89726,73],{"class":60},[42,89728,13467],{"class":64},[42,89730,61],{"class":60},[42,89732,70],{"class":56},[42,89734,89692],{"class":83},[42,89736,88],{"class":87},[42,89738,61],{"class":60},[42,89740,89741],{"class":64}," - ",[42,89743,61],{"class":60},[42,89745,143],{"class":56},[14,89747,2395],{},[33,89749,89751],{"className":35,"code":89750,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[17,89752,89753,89765],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89754,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89756,13450],{"class":114},[42,89758,70],{"class":56},[42,89760,17814],{"class":114},[42,89762,70],{"class":56},[42,89764,70344],{"class":114},[42,89766,89767,89770,89772,89775,89777],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89768,89769],{"class":114},"red ",[42,89771,2345],{"class":87},[42,89773,89774],{"class":114}," green ",[42,89776,2345],{"class":87},[42,89778,36240],{"class":114},[14,89780,89781,89783],{},[17,89782,89563],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89785,89786,89787,122],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[693,89788,89790],{"href":89789},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[28,89792,89794,36976],{"id":89793},"end-argument",[17,89795,53024],{},[14,89797,89798,89799,89801,89802,89804],{},"By default, ",[17,89800,46815],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[17,89803,46815],{}," starts on a new line.",[1073,89806,89604],{"id":89807},"default-behavior-1",[33,89809,89811],{"className":35,"code":89810,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89812,89813,89827],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89816,284],{"class":52},[42,89818,57],{"class":56},[42,89820,61],{"class":60},[42,89822,654],{"class":64},[42,89824,61],{"class":60},[42,89826,143],{"class":56},[42,89828,89829,89831,89833,89835,89838,89840],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89830,284],{"class":52},[42,89832,57],{"class":56},[42,89834,61],{"class":60},[42,89836,89837],{"class":64},"World",[42,89839,61],{"class":60},[42,89841,143],{"class":56},[14,89843,2395],{},[33,89845,89847],{"className":35,"code":89846,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hello\nWorld\n",[17,89848,89849,89853],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89850,89851],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89852,89046],{"class":114},[42,89854,89855],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89856,89857],{"class":114},"World\n",[1073,89859,89861],{"id":89860},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[33,89863,89865],{"className":35,"code":89864,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89866,89867,89889],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89868,89869,89871,89873,89875,89877,89879,89881,89883,89885,89887],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89870,284],{"class":52},[42,89872,57],{"class":56},[42,89874,61],{"class":60},[42,89876,654],{"class":64},[42,89878,61],{"class":60},[42,89880,70],{"class":56},[42,89882,65405],{"class":83},[42,89884,88],{"class":87},[42,89886,6618],{"class":60},[42,89888,143],{"class":56},[42,89890,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899,89901],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89892,284],{"class":52},[42,89894,57],{"class":56},[42,89896,61],{"class":60},[42,89898,89837],{"class":64},[42,89900,61],{"class":60},[42,89902,143],{"class":56},[14,89904,2395],{},[33,89906,89908],{"className":35,"code":89907,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"HelloWorld\n",[17,89909,89910],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89911,89912],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89913,89907],{"class":114},[1073,89915,89917],{"id":89916},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[33,89919,89921],{"className":35,"code":89920,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[17,89922,89923,89952],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89924,89925,89927,89929,89931,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943,89946,89948,89950],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89926,284],{"class":52},[42,89928,57],{"class":56},[42,89930,61],{"class":60},[42,89932,654],{"class":64},[42,89934,61],{"class":60},[42,89936,70],{"class":56},[42,89938,65405],{"class":83},[42,89940,88],{"class":87},[42,89942,61],{"class":60},[42,89944,89945],{"class":64},"!",[42,89947,658],{"class":657},[42,89949,61],{"class":60},[42,89951,143],{"class":56},[42,89953,89954,89956,89958,89960,89962,89964],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89955,284],{"class":52},[42,89957,57],{"class":56},[42,89959,61],{"class":60},[42,89961,89837],{"class":64},[42,89963,61],{"class":60},[42,89965,143],{"class":56},[14,89967,2395],{},[33,89969,89971],{"className":35,"code":89970,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[17,89972,89973,89978],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,89974,89975],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,89976,89977],{"class":114},"Hello!\n",[42,89979,89980],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,89981,89857],{"class":114},[14,89983,2303,89984,89986],{},[17,89985,53024],{}," argument is useful for:",[167,89988,89989,89992,89995],{},[170,89990,89991],{},"progress messages",[170,89993,89994],{},"inline output",[170,89996,89997],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[28,89999,90001,2726,90003],{"id":90000},"print-returns-none",[17,90002,46815],{},[17,90004,4115],{},[14,90006,90007,90008,90010],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[17,90009,46815],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,90012,219],{},[33,90014,90016],{"className":35,"code":90015,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,90017,90018,90038],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90019,90020,90022,90024,90027,90029,90031,90034,90036],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90021,2555],{"class":114},[42,90023,88],{"class":87},[42,90025,90026],{"class":52}," print",[42,90028,57],{"class":56},[42,90030,61],{"class":60},[42,90032,90033],{"class":64},"Hi",[42,90035,61],{"class":60},[42,90037,143],{"class":56},[42,90039,90040,90042,90044,90046],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90041,284],{"class":52},[42,90043,57],{"class":56},[42,90045,2592],{"class":125},[42,90047,143],{"class":56},[14,90049,2395],{},[33,90051,90053],{"className":35,"code":90052,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hi\nNone\n",[17,90054,90055,90060],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90056,90057],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90058,90059],{"class":114},"Hi\n",[42,90061,90062],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90063,12163],{"class":4190},[14,90065,90066],{},"Why does this happen?",[167,90068,90069,90077,90082],{},[170,90070,90071,90074,90075],{},[17,90072,90073],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[17,90076,90033],{},[170,90078,90079,90080],{},"but the function itself returns ",[17,90081,4115],{},[170,90083,90084,90085,12275,90087],{},"so ",[17,90086,2592],{},[17,90088,4115],{},[14,90090,90091,90092,90094],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[17,90093,46815],{}," call.",[33,90096,90098],{"className":35,"code":90097,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[17,90099,90100,90113],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90101,90102,90105,90107,90109,90111],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90103,90104],{"class":114},"message ",[42,90106,88],{"class":87},[42,90108,73],{"class":60},[42,90110,90033],{"class":64},[42,90112,3689],{"class":60},[42,90114,90115,90117,90119,90122],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90116,284],{"class":52},[42,90118,57],{"class":56},[42,90120,90121],{"class":125},"message",[42,90123,143],{"class":56},[14,90125,90126,90127,90129,90130,90134],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[17,90128,46815],{}," with functions like ",[693,90131,90132],{"href":8569},[17,90133,3289],{},", which do return a value.",[28,90136,90138,90139],{"id":90137},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[17,90140,46815],{},[14,90142,90143,90144,90146],{},"Beginners use ",[17,90145,46815],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[167,90148,90149,90152,90155,90158],{},[170,90150,90151],{},"to display results to the user",[170,90153,90154],{},"to show messages in a script",[170,90156,90157],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[170,90159,90160],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,90162,219],{},[33,90164,90166],{"className":35,"code":90165,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[17,90167,90168,90176,90180,90200,90211],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90169,90170,90172,90174],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90171,41545],{"class":114},[42,90173,88],{"class":87},[42,90175,38875],{"class":2348},[42,90177,90178],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90179,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,90181,90182,90184,90186,90188,90190,90192,90194,90196,90198],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,90183,6303],{"class":48},[42,90185,6733],{"class":114},[42,90187,1299],{"class":48},[42,90189,54434],{"class":52},[42,90191,57],{"class":56},[42,90193,3320],{"class":2348},[42,90195,70],{"class":56},[42,90197,2787],{"class":2348},[42,90199,8692],{"class":56},[42,90201,90202,90205,90208],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,90203,90204],{"class":114},"    total ",[42,90206,90207],{"class":87},"+=",[42,90209,90210],{"class":114}," number\n",[42,90212,90213,90215,90217,90219,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236,90238,90240],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,90214,135],{"class":52},[42,90216,57],{"class":56},[42,90218,61],{"class":60},[42,90220,90221],{"class":64},"Current number:",[42,90223,61],{"class":60},[42,90225,70],{"class":56},[42,90227,2522],{"class":125},[42,90229,70],{"class":56},[42,90231,73],{"class":60},[42,90233,45926],{"class":64},[42,90235,61],{"class":60},[42,90237,70],{"class":56},[42,90239,45933],{"class":125},[42,90241,143],{"class":56},[14,90243,2395],{},[33,90245,90247],{"className":35,"code":90246,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[17,90248,90249,90265,90279],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90250,90251,90254,90256,90258,90261,90263],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90252,90253],{"class":114},"Current number",[42,90255,1935],{"class":56},[42,90257,5842],{"class":2348},[42,90259,90260],{"class":114}," Total",[42,90262,1935],{"class":56},[42,90264,29974],{"class":2348},[42,90266,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90268,90253],{"class":114},[42,90270,1935],{"class":56},[42,90272,3325],{"class":2348},[42,90274,90260],{"class":114},[42,90276,1935],{"class":56},[42,90278,2909],{"class":2348},[42,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287,90289,90291],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,90282,90253],{"class":114},[42,90284,1935],{"class":56},[42,90286,2781],{"class":2348},[42,90288,90260],{"class":114},[42,90290,1935],{"class":56},[42,90292,90293],{"class":2348}," 6\n",[14,90295,90296,90297,122],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[693,90298,90300],{"href":90299},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[28,90302,1929],{"id":1928},[14,90304,90305,90306,122],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[17,90307,46815],{},[1073,90309,90311],{"id":90310},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,90313,90314],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[33,90316,90318],{"className":35,"code":90317,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(Hello)\n",[17,90319,90320],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90321,90322,90324,90326,90328],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90323,284],{"class":52},[42,90325,57],{"class":56},[42,90327,654],{"class":125},[42,90329,143],{"class":56},[14,90331,9225,90332,90334],{},[17,90333,654],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,90336,11160],{},[33,90338,90340],{"className":35,"code":90339,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,90341,90342],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90343,90344,90346,90348,90350,90352,90354],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90345,284],{"class":52},[42,90347,57],{"class":56},[42,90349,61],{"class":60},[42,90351,654],{"class":64},[42,90353,61],{"class":60},[42,90355,143],{"class":56},[1073,90357,1940,90359,90361],{"id":90358},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[17,90360,284],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,90363,90364],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[33,90366,90368],{"className":35,"code":90367,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print \"Hello\"\n",[17,90369,90370],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90371,90372,90374,90376,90378],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90373,284],{"class":52},[42,90375,73],{"class":60},[42,90377,654],{"class":64},[42,90379,3689],{"class":60},[14,90381,11160],{},[33,90383,90384],{"className":35,"code":90339,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,90385,90386],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90387,90388,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90389,284],{"class":52},[42,90391,57],{"class":56},[42,90393,61],{"class":60},[42,90395,654],{"class":64},[42,90397,61],{"class":60},[42,90399,143],{"class":56},[1073,90401,90403,90404],{"id":90402},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[17,90405,2384],{},[14,90407,90408,90409,122],{},"This causes a ",[17,90410,3338],{},[33,90412,90413],{"className":35,"code":89501,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,90414,90415,90423],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90416,90417,90419,90421],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90418,21986],{"class":114},[42,90420,88],{"class":87},[42,90422,2919],{"class":2348},[42,90424,90425,90427,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90426,284],{"class":52},[42,90428,57],{"class":56},[42,90430,61],{"class":60},[42,90432,89522],{"class":64},[42,90434,61],{"class":60},[42,90436,2784],{"class":87},[42,90438,9538],{"class":125},[42,90440,143],{"class":56},[14,90442,90443],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[33,90445,90447],{"className":35,"code":90446,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[17,90448,90449],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90450,90451,90453,90455,90457,90459,90461,90463,90465],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90452,284],{"class":52},[42,90454,57],{"class":56},[42,90456,61],{"class":60},[42,90458,89423],{"class":64},[42,90460,61],{"class":60},[42,90462,70],{"class":56},[42,90464,9538],{"class":125},[42,90466,143],{"class":56},[14,90468,90469],{},"Or convert the number first:",[33,90471,90473],{"className":35,"code":90472,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[17,90474,90475],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90476,90477,90479,90481,90483,90485,90487,90489,90491,90493,90495],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90478,284],{"class":52},[42,90480,57],{"class":56},[42,90482,61],{"class":60},[42,90484,89522],{"class":64},[42,90486,61],{"class":60},[42,90488,2784],{"class":87},[42,90490,49266],{"class":834},[42,90492,57],{"class":56},[42,90494,9649],{"class":125},[42,90496,842],{"class":56},[14,90498,90499,90500,122],{},"If you see this error, read ",[693,90501,90503],{"href":90502},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1073,90505,8803,90507,90509],{"id":90506},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[17,90508,46815],{}," to return a value",[14,90511,90512,90513,35688,90516,1935],{},"This does not store ",[17,90514,90515],{},"\"Hello\"",[17,90517,2592],{},[33,90519,90521],{"className":35,"code":90520,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,90522,90523],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90524,90525,90527,90529,90531,90533,90535,90537,90539],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90526,2555],{"class":114},[42,90528,88],{"class":87},[42,90530,90026],{"class":52},[42,90532,57],{"class":56},[42,90534,61],{"class":60},[42,90536,654],{"class":64},[42,90538,61],{"class":60},[42,90540,143],{"class":56},[14,90542,90543,90544,122],{},"It stores ",[17,90545,4115],{},[1073,90547,90549,90550,1753,90552],{"id":90548},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[17,90551,89563],{},[17,90553,53024],{},[14,90555,86173],{},[167,90557,90558,90567],{},[170,90559,90560,90562,90563,90566],{},[17,90561,89563],{}," changes what goes ",[177,90564,90565],{},"between"," multiple values",[170,90568,90569,90571,90572,90575],{},[17,90570,53024],{}," changes what appears ",[177,90573,90574],{},"after"," the output",[28,90577,90579],{"id":90578},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90581,90582,90583,90585],{},"These simple ",[17,90584,46815],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[33,90587,90589],{"className":35,"code":90588,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[17,90590,90591,90611,90626],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90592,90593,90595,90597,90599,90602,90604,90606,90609],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90594,284],{"class":52},[42,90596,57],{"class":56},[42,90598,61],{"class":60},[42,90600,90601],{"class":64},"Debug:",[42,90603,61],{"class":60},[42,90605,70],{"class":56},[42,90607,90608],{"class":125}," variable_name",[42,90610,143],{"class":56},[42,90612,90613,90615,90617,90619,90621,90624],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90614,284],{"class":52},[42,90616,57],{"class":56},[42,90618,835],{"class":834},[42,90620,57],{"class":56},[42,90622,90623],{"class":125},"variable_name",[42,90625,842],{"class":56},[42,90627,90628,90630,90632,90634],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,90629,32512],{"class":52},[42,90631,57],{"class":56},[42,90633,284],{"class":52},[42,90635,143],{"class":56},[14,90637,90638],{},"What they do:",[167,90640,90641,90647,90653],{},[170,90642,90643,90646],{},[17,90644,90645],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[170,90648,90649,90652],{},[17,90650,90651],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[170,90654,90655,90658,90659],{},[17,90656,90657],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[17,90660,46815],{},[28,90662,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,90664,13060,90666,90668],{"id":90665},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[17,90667,46815],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90670,90671,90672,90674,90675,36982],{},"Yes. By default, ",[17,90673,46815],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[17,90676,53024],{},[1073,90678,5513,90680,90682],{"id":90679},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[17,90681,46815],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90684,90685,90686,90688],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[17,90687,46815],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1073,90690,5501,90692,5504,90695,2823],{"id":90691},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[17,90693,90694],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[17,90696,4115],{},[14,90698,29420,90699,90701],{},[17,90700,46815],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1073,90703,90705],{"id":90704},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90707,90708],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[33,90710,90712],{"className":35,"code":90711,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[17,90713,90714],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90715,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90717,284],{"class":52},[42,90719,57],{"class":56},[42,90721,61],{"class":60},[42,90723,89423],{"class":64},[42,90725,61],{"class":60},[42,90727,70],{"class":56},[42,90729,6350],{"class":2348},[42,90731,143],{"class":56},[14,90733,90734,90735,40292],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[17,90736,48045],{},[1073,90738,2171,90740,1753,90742,2823],{"id":90739},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[17,90741,89563],{},[17,90743,53024],{},[167,90745,90746,90751],{},[170,90747,90748,90750],{},[17,90749,89563],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[170,90752,90753,90755],{},[17,90754,53024],{}," changes what appears after the output",[28,90757,2205],{"id":2204},[167,90759,90760,90764,90770,90776,90781,90786],{},[170,90761,90762],{},[693,90763,51339],{"href":51338},[170,90765,90766],{},[693,90767,3908,90768,3841],{"href":8569},[17,90769,3289],{},[170,90771,90772],{},[693,90773,3908,90774,3841],{"href":42538},[17,90775,48045],{},[170,90777,90778],{},[693,90779,90780],{"href":89789},"How to format strings in Python",[170,90782,90783],{},[693,90784,90785],{"href":90299},"How to debug Python code",[170,90787,90788],{},[693,90789,90503],{"href":90502},[2245,90791,90792],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":90794},[90795,90796,90798,90799,90805,90806,90807,90812,90818,90820,90822,90833,90834,90845],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":88967,"depth":111,"text":90797},"What print() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":89203,"depth":111,"text":89204,"children":90800},[90801,90802,90803,90804],{"id":89212,"depth":132,"text":89213},{"id":89253,"depth":132,"text":89254},{"id":89285,"depth":132,"text":89286},{"id":89312,"depth":132,"text":89313},{"id":89354,"depth":111,"text":89355},{"id":89550,"depth":111,"text":89551},{"id":89590,"depth":111,"text":90808,"children":90809},"sep argument",[90810,90811],{"id":89603,"depth":132,"text":89604},{"id":89653,"depth":132,"text":89654},{"id":89793,"depth":111,"text":90813,"children":90814},"end argument",[90815,90816,90817],{"id":89807,"depth":132,"text":89604},{"id":89860,"depth":132,"text":89861},{"id":89916,"depth":132,"text":89917},{"id":90000,"depth":111,"text":90819},"print() returns None",{"id":90137,"depth":111,"text":90821},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":90823},[90824,90825,90827,90829,90831],{"id":90310,"depth":132,"text":90311},{"id":90358,"depth":132,"text":90826},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90402,"depth":132,"text":90828},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90506,"depth":132,"text":90830},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90548,"depth":132,"text":90832},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90578,"depth":111,"text":90579},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":90835},[90836,90838,90840,90842,90843],{"id":90665,"depth":132,"text":90837},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90679,"depth":132,"text":90839},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90691,"depth":132,"text":90841},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90704,"depth":132,"text":90705},{"id":90739,"depth":132,"text":90844},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88850,"description":90846},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90853,"title":90854,"body":90855,"description":93159,"extension":2285,"meta":93160,"navigation":2287,"path":93161,"seo":93162,"stem":93163,"__hash__":93164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90856,"toc":93105},[90857,90862,90867,90880,90882,90947,90958,90963,90968,90970,90993,90996,91027,91029,91046,91051,91057,91062,91111,91114,91131,91137,91142,91165,91167,91195,91201,91209,91236,91238,91263,91269,91272,91303,91305,91334,91338,91341,91346,91368,91370,91398,91404,91410,91436,91438,91462,91468,91474,91504,91506,91534,91544,91548,91554,91587,91589,91618,91621,91624,91657,91659,91667,91673,91675,91698,91703,91712,91717,91731,91733,91773,91775,91805,91809,91844,91850,91854,91898,91900,91930,91936,91939,92018,92020,92042,92050,92053,92116,92124,92199,92205,92212,92217,92222,92245,92247,92268,92270,92283,92285,92332,92334,92373,92382,92384,92388,92392,92395,92422,92425,92454,92457,92481,92484,92492,92498,92520,92522,92550,92554,92559,92614,92619,92621,92678,92685,92694,92697,92729,92731,92739,92742,92748,92750,92773,92776,92782,92785,92804,92806,92825,92828,92850,92852,92880,92884,92888,92993,92995,93008,93010,93016,93019,93027,93032,93038,93044,93049,93057,93063,93070,93072,93102],[10,90858,3908,90860,3912],{"id":90859},"python-range-function-explained",[17,90861,36558],{},[14,90863,32677,90864,90866],{},[17,90865,36558],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90868,90869,90870,90872,90873,90875,90876,90879],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[17,90871,6303],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[17,90874,36558],{}," stops ",[177,90877,90878],{},"before"," the end value.",[28,90881,31],{"id":30},[33,90883,90885],{"className":35,"code":90884,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[17,90886,90887,90903,90913,90917,90922,90927,90932,90937,90942],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,90888,90889,90891,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,90890,6303],{"class":48},[42,90892,69911],{"class":114},[42,90894,1299],{"class":48},[42,90896,54434],{"class":52},[42,90898,57],{"class":56},[42,90900,2461],{"class":2348},[42,90902,8692],{"class":56},[42,90904,90905,90907,90909,90911],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,90906,135],{"class":52},[42,90908,57],{"class":56},[42,90910,36514],{"class":125},[42,90912,143],{"class":56},[42,90914,90915],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,90916,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,90918,90919],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,90920,90921],{"class":525},"# Output:\n",[42,90923,90924],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,90925,90926],{"class":525},"# 0\n",[42,90928,90929],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,90930,90931],{"class":525},"# 1\n",[42,90933,90934],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,90935,90936],{"class":525},"# 2\n",[42,90938,90939],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,90940,90941],{"class":525},"# 3\n",[42,90943,90944],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,90945,90946],{"class":525},"# 4\n",[14,90948,90949,90952,90953,90955,90956,122],{},[17,90950,90951],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[17,90954,2445],{}," and stopping before ",[17,90957,2461],{},[28,90959,4013,90961,4016],{"id":90960},"what-range-does",[17,90962,36558],{},[14,90964,90965,90967],{},[17,90966,36558],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90969,13409],{},[167,90971,90972,90977,90983,90988],{},[170,90973,90974,90976],{},[17,90975,36558],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[170,90978,90979,90980,90982],{},"It is commonly used with ",[17,90981,6303],{}," loops",[170,90984,90985,90986],{},"The stop value is ",[177,90987,65433],{},[170,90989,183,90990,90992],{},[17,90991,60364],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90994,90995],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[33,90997,90999],{"className":35,"code":90998,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[17,91000,91001,91017],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91002,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91004,6303],{"class":48},[42,91006,6733],{"class":114},[42,91008,1299],{"class":48},[42,91010,54434],{"class":52},[42,91012,57],{"class":56},[42,91014,2387],{"class":2348},[42,91016,8692],{"class":56},[42,91018,91019,91021,91023,91025],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91020,135],{"class":52},[42,91022,57],{"class":56},[42,91024,2565],{"class":125},[42,91026,143],{"class":56},[14,91028,2395],{},[33,91030,91032],{"className":35,"code":91031,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0\n1\n2\n",[17,91033,91034,91038,91042],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91035,91036],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91037,47615],{"class":2348},[42,91039,91040],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91041,47280],{"class":2348},[42,91043,91044],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,91045,17415],{"class":2348},[14,91047,91048,91049,122],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[693,91050,36388],{"href":36387},[28,91052,91054,91056],{"id":91053},"range-syntax",[17,91055,36558],{}," syntax",[14,91058,91059,91061],{},[17,91060,36558],{}," has three common forms:",[33,91063,91065],{"className":35,"code":91064,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[17,91066,91067,91077,91092],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91068,91069,91071,91073,91075],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91070,60364],{"class":52},[42,91072,57],{"class":56},[42,91074,75788],{"class":125},[42,91076,143],{"class":56},[42,91078,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91090],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91080,60364],{"class":52},[42,91082,57],{"class":56},[42,91084,36432],{"class":125},[42,91086,70],{"class":56},[42,91088,91089],{"class":125}," stop",[42,91091,143],{"class":56},[42,91093,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104,91106,91109],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,91095,60364],{"class":52},[42,91097,57],{"class":56},[42,91099,36432],{"class":125},[42,91101,70],{"class":56},[42,91103,91089],{"class":125},[42,91105,70],{"class":56},[42,91107,91108],{"class":125}," step",[42,91110,143],{"class":56},[14,91112,91113],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[167,91115,91116,91121,91126],{},[170,91117,91118,91120],{},[17,91119,36432],{}," = first number",[170,91122,91123,91125],{},[17,91124,75788],{}," = end limit, not included",[170,91127,91128,91130],{},[17,91129,75791],{}," = amount to move each time",[1073,91132,91134],{"id":91133},"rangestop",[17,91135,91136],{},"range(stop)",[14,91138,91139,91140,122],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[17,91141,2445],{},[33,91143,91145],{"className":35,"code":91144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[17,91146,91147],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91148,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91150,284],{"class":52},[42,91152,57],{"class":56},[42,91154,8443],{"class":834},[42,91156,57],{"class":56},[42,91158,60364],{"class":52},[42,91160,57],{"class":56},[42,91162,2461],{"class":2348},[42,91164,3243],{"class":56},[14,91166,2395],{},[33,91168,91169],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91170,91171],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91172,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91174,4238],{"class":56},[42,91176,2445],{"class":2348},[42,91178,70],{"class":56},[42,91180,5842],{"class":2348},[42,91182,70],{"class":56},[42,91184,3325],{"class":2348},[42,91186,70],{"class":56},[42,91188,2781],{"class":2348},[42,91190,70],{"class":56},[42,91192,2787],{"class":2348},[42,91194,3970],{"class":56},[1073,91196,91198],{"id":91197},"rangestart-stop",[17,91199,91200],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,91202,91203,91204,91206,91207,122],{},"This starts at ",[17,91205,36432],{}," and stops before ",[17,91208,75788],{},[33,91210,91212],{"className":35,"code":91211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[17,91213,91214],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91215,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91217,284],{"class":52},[42,91219,57],{"class":56},[42,91221,8443],{"class":834},[42,91223,57],{"class":56},[42,91225,60364],{"class":52},[42,91227,57],{"class":56},[42,91229,2381],{"class":2348},[42,91231,70],{"class":56},[42,91233,38005],{"class":2348},[42,91235,3243],{"class":56},[14,91237,2395],{},[33,91239,91241],{"className":35,"code":91240,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,91242,91243],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91244,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257,91259,91261],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91246,4238],{"class":56},[42,91248,2381],{"class":2348},[42,91250,70],{"class":56},[42,91252,2781],{"class":2348},[42,91254,70],{"class":56},[42,91256,2787],{"class":2348},[42,91258,70],{"class":56},[42,91260,4946],{"class":2348},[42,91262,3970],{"class":56},[1073,91264,91266],{"id":91265},"rangestart-stop-step",[17,91267,91268],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,91270,91271],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[33,91273,91275],{"className":35,"code":91274,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[17,91276,91277],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91278,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91280,284],{"class":52},[42,91282,57],{"class":56},[42,91284,8443],{"class":834},[42,91286,57],{"class":56},[42,91288,60364],{"class":52},[42,91290,57],{"class":56},[42,91292,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91294,70],{"class":56},[42,91296,6350],{"class":2348},[42,91298,70],{"class":56},[42,91300,3325],{"class":2348},[42,91302,3243],{"class":56},[14,91304,2395],{},[33,91306,91308],{"className":35,"code":91307,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[17,91309,91310],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91311,91312,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91313,4238],{"class":56},[42,91315,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91317,70],{"class":56},[42,91319,2781],{"class":2348},[42,91321,70],{"class":56},[42,91323,4946],{"class":2348},[42,91325,70],{"class":56},[42,91327,6339],{"class":2348},[42,91329,70],{"class":56},[42,91331,54500],{"class":2348},[42,91333,3970],{"class":56},[28,91335,91337],{"id":91336},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,91339,91340],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1073,91342,91344],{"id":91343},"range5",[17,91345,90951],{},[33,91347,91348],{"className":35,"code":91144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91349,91350],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91351,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91353,284],{"class":52},[42,91355,57],{"class":56},[42,91357,8443],{"class":834},[42,91359,57],{"class":56},[42,91361,60364],{"class":52},[42,91363,57],{"class":56},[42,91365,2461],{"class":2348},[42,91367,3243],{"class":56},[14,91369,2395],{},[33,91371,91372],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91373,91374],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91375,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91377,4238],{"class":56},[42,91379,2445],{"class":2348},[42,91381,70],{"class":56},[42,91383,5842],{"class":2348},[42,91385,70],{"class":56},[42,91387,3325],{"class":2348},[42,91389,70],{"class":56},[42,91391,2781],{"class":2348},[42,91393,70],{"class":56},[42,91395,2787],{"class":2348},[42,91397,3970],{"class":56},[14,91399,91203,91400,91206,91402,122],{},[17,91401,2445],{},[17,91403,2461],{},[1073,91405,91407],{"id":91406},"range2-6",[17,91408,91409],{},"range(2, 6)",[33,91411,91412],{"className":35,"code":91211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91413,91414],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91415,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91417,284],{"class":52},[42,91419,57],{"class":56},[42,91421,8443],{"class":834},[42,91423,57],{"class":56},[42,91425,60364],{"class":52},[42,91427,57],{"class":56},[42,91429,2381],{"class":2348},[42,91431,70],{"class":56},[42,91433,38005],{"class":2348},[42,91435,3243],{"class":56},[14,91437,2395],{},[33,91439,91440],{"className":35,"code":91240,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91441,91442],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91443,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456,91458,91460],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91445,4238],{"class":56},[42,91447,2381],{"class":2348},[42,91449,70],{"class":56},[42,91451,2781],{"class":2348},[42,91453,70],{"class":56},[42,91455,2787],{"class":2348},[42,91457,70],{"class":56},[42,91459,4946],{"class":2348},[42,91461,3970],{"class":56},[14,91463,91203,91464,91206,91466,122],{},[17,91465,2381],{},[17,91467,80956],{},[1073,91469,91471],{"id":91470},"range1-10-2",[17,91472,91473],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[33,91475,91476],{"className":35,"code":91274,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91477,91478],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91479,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91481,284],{"class":52},[42,91483,57],{"class":56},[42,91485,8443],{"class":834},[42,91487,57],{"class":56},[42,91489,60364],{"class":52},[42,91491,57],{"class":56},[42,91493,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91495,70],{"class":56},[42,91497,6350],{"class":2348},[42,91499,70],{"class":56},[42,91501,3325],{"class":2348},[42,91503,3243],{"class":56},[14,91505,2395],{},[33,91507,91508],{"className":35,"code":91307,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91509,91510],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91511,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91513,4238],{"class":56},[42,91515,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91517,70],{"class":56},[42,91519,2781],{"class":2348},[42,91521,70],{"class":56},[42,91523,4946],{"class":2348},[42,91525,70],{"class":56},[42,91527,6339],{"class":2348},[42,91529,70],{"class":56},[42,91531,54500],{"class":2348},[42,91533,3970],{"class":56},[14,91535,91536,91537,91539,91540,61665,91542,122],{},"This moves by ",[17,91538,2381],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[17,91541,3320],{},[17,91543,2469],{},[1073,91545,91547],{"id":91546},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91549,91550,91551,91553],{},"A negative step makes ",[17,91552,36558],{}," count backward.",[33,91555,91557],{"className":35,"code":91556,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[17,91558,91559],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91560,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91562,284],{"class":52},[42,91564,57],{"class":56},[42,91566,8443],{"class":834},[42,91568,57],{"class":56},[42,91570,60364],{"class":52},[42,91572,57],{"class":56},[42,91574,2461],{"class":2348},[42,91576,70],{"class":56},[42,91578,4171],{"class":2348},[42,91580,70],{"class":56},[42,91582,2547],{"class":87},[42,91584,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91586,3243],{"class":56},[14,91588,2395],{},[33,91590,91592],{"className":35,"code":91591,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[17,91593,91594],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91595,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91597,4238],{"class":56},[42,91599,2461],{"class":2348},[42,91601,70],{"class":56},[42,91603,2787],{"class":2348},[42,91605,70],{"class":56},[42,91607,2781],{"class":2348},[42,91609,70],{"class":56},[42,91611,3325],{"class":2348},[42,91613,70],{"class":56},[42,91615,5842],{"class":2348},[42,91617,3970],{"class":56},[14,91619,91620],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91622,91623],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[33,91625,91627],{"className":35,"code":91626,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[17,91628,91629],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91630,91631,91633,91635,91637,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651,91653,91655],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91632,284],{"class":52},[42,91634,57],{"class":56},[42,91636,8443],{"class":834},[42,91638,57],{"class":56},[42,91640,60364],{"class":52},[42,91642,57],{"class":56},[42,91644,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91646,70],{"class":56},[42,91648,4946],{"class":2348},[42,91650,70],{"class":56},[42,91652,2547],{"class":87},[42,91654,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91656,3243],{"class":56},[14,91658,2395],{},[33,91660,91661],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,91662,91663],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91664,91665],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91666,38659],{"class":56},[1073,91668,91669,76951,91671],{"id":77175},[17,91670,75791],{},[17,91672,2445],{},[14,91674,3168],{},[33,91676,91678],{"className":35,"code":91677,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[17,91679,91680],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91681,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91683,60364],{"class":52},[42,91685,57],{"class":56},[42,91687,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91689,70],{"class":56},[42,91691,4946],{"class":2348},[42,91693,70],{"class":56},[42,91695,4171],{"class":2348},[42,91697,143],{"class":56},[14,91699,77220,91700,91702],{},[17,91701,41067],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[28,91704,1940,91706,91708,91709,91711],{"id":91705},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[17,91707,36558],{}," in a ",[17,91710,6303],{}," loop",[14,91713,91714,91716],{},[17,91715,36558],{}," is most useful when:",[167,91718,91719,91722,91725],{},[170,91720,91721],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[170,91723,91724],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[170,91726,91727,91728],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[17,91729,91730],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91732,219],{},[33,91734,91736],{"className":35,"code":91735,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[17,91737,91738,91754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91739,91740,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91741,6303],{"class":48},[42,91743,69911],{"class":114},[42,91745,1299],{"class":48},[42,91747,54434],{"class":52},[42,91749,57],{"class":56},[42,91751,2387],{"class":2348},[42,91753,8692],{"class":56},[42,91755,91756,91758,91760,91762,91765,91767,91769,91771],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91757,135],{"class":52},[42,91759,57],{"class":56},[42,91761,61],{"class":60},[42,91763,91764],{"class":64},"Loop number:",[42,91766,61],{"class":60},[42,91768,70],{"class":56},[42,91770,36489],{"class":125},[42,91772,143],{"class":56},[14,91774,2395],{},[33,91776,91778],{"className":35,"code":91777,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[17,91779,91780,91789,91797],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91781,91782,91785,91787],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91783,91784],{"class":114},"Loop number",[42,91786,1935],{"class":56},[42,91788,38875],{"class":2348},[42,91790,91791,91793,91795],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91792,91784],{"class":114},[42,91794,1935],{"class":56},[42,91796,29974],{"class":2348},[42,91798,91799,91801,91803],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,91800,91784],{"class":114},[42,91802,1935],{"class":56},[42,91804,45952],{"class":2348},[1073,91806,91808],{"id":91807},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[33,91810,91812],{"className":35,"code":91811,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[17,91813,91814,91830],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91815,91816,91818,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91817,6303],{"class":48},[42,91819,69911],{"class":114},[42,91821,1299],{"class":48},[42,91823,54434],{"class":52},[42,91825,57],{"class":56},[42,91827,2461],{"class":2348},[42,91829,8692],{"class":56},[42,91831,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91833,135],{"class":52},[42,91835,57],{"class":56},[42,91837,61],{"class":60},[42,91839,654],{"class":64},[42,91841,61],{"class":60},[42,91843,143],{"class":56},[14,91845,91846,91847,91849],{},"This prints ",[17,91848,90515],{}," five times.",[1073,91851,91853],{"id":91852},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[33,91855,91857],{"className":35,"code":91856,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[17,91858,91859,91879],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91860,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91862,6303],{"class":48},[42,91864,69911],{"class":114},[42,91866,1299],{"class":48},[42,91868,54434],{"class":52},[42,91870,57],{"class":56},[42,91872,3320],{"class":2348},[42,91874,70],{"class":56},[42,91876,2787],{"class":2348},[42,91878,8692],{"class":56},[42,91880,91881,91883,91885,91887,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91882,135],{"class":52},[42,91884,57],{"class":56},[42,91886,61],{"class":60},[42,91888,91889],{"class":64},"Current number is",[42,91891,61],{"class":60},[42,91893,70],{"class":56},[42,91895,36489],{"class":125},[42,91897,143],{"class":56},[14,91899,2395],{},[33,91901,91903],{"className":35,"code":91902,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[17,91904,91905,91914,91922],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91906,91907,91910,91912],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91908,91909],{"class":114},"Current number ",[42,91911,12549],{"class":87},[42,91913,29974],{"class":2348},[42,91915,91916,91918,91920],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91917,91909],{"class":114},[42,91919,12549],{"class":87},[42,91921,45952],{"class":2348},[42,91923,91924,91926,91928],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,91925,91909],{"class":114},[42,91927,12549],{"class":87},[42,91929,2909],{"class":2348},[1073,91931,91933,91935],{"id":91932},"range-and-indexing",[17,91934,36558],{}," and indexing",[14,91937,91938],{},"You may see code like this:",[33,91940,91942],{"className":35,"code":91941,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[17,91943,91944,91976,91980,92000],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,91945,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,91947,8128],{"class":114},[42,91949,88],{"class":87},[42,91951,3957],{"class":56},[42,91953,61],{"class":60},[42,91955,693],{"class":64},[42,91957,61],{"class":60},[42,91959,70],{"class":56},[42,91961,73],{"class":60},[42,91963,5102],{"class":64},[42,91965,61],{"class":60},[42,91967,70],{"class":56},[42,91969,73],{"class":60},[42,91971,10090],{"class":64},[42,91973,61],{"class":60},[42,91975,3970],{"class":56},[42,91977,91978],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,91979,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,91981,91982,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,91983,6303],{"class":48},[42,91985,69911],{"class":114},[42,91987,1299],{"class":48},[42,91989,54434],{"class":52},[42,91991,57],{"class":56},[42,91993,11515],{"class":52},[42,91995,57],{"class":56},[42,91997,8159],{"class":125},[42,91999,69926],{"class":56},[42,92001,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,92003,135],{"class":52},[42,92005,57],{"class":56},[42,92007,36514],{"class":125},[42,92009,70],{"class":56},[42,92011,6311],{"class":125},[42,92013,4238],{"class":56},[42,92015,36514],{"class":125},[42,92017,4226],{"class":56},[14,92019,2395],{},[33,92021,92022],{"className":35,"code":36526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92023,92024,92030,92036],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92025,92026,92028],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92027,2445],{"class":2348},[42,92029,36535],{"class":114},[42,92031,92032,92034],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92033,3320],{"class":2348},[42,92035,36542],{"class":114},[42,92037,92038,92040],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,92039,2381],{"class":2348},[42,92041,36549],{"class":114},[14,92043,92044,92045,92049],{},"This works, and it uses ",[693,92046,92047],{"href":42721},[17,92048,42724],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,92051,92052],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[33,92054,92056],{"className":35,"code":92055,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[17,92057,92058,92090,92094,92106],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92059,92060,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074,92076,92078,92080,92082,92084,92086,92088],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92061,8128],{"class":114},[42,92063,88],{"class":87},[42,92065,3957],{"class":56},[42,92067,61],{"class":60},[42,92069,693],{"class":64},[42,92071,61],{"class":60},[42,92073,70],{"class":56},[42,92075,73],{"class":60},[42,92077,5102],{"class":64},[42,92079,61],{"class":60},[42,92081,70],{"class":56},[42,92083,73],{"class":60},[42,92085,10090],{"class":64},[42,92087,61],{"class":60},[42,92089,3970],{"class":56},[42,92091,92092],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92093,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,92095,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,92097,6303],{"class":48},[42,92099,6306],{"class":114},[42,92101,1299],{"class":48},[42,92103,6311],{"class":114},[42,92105,108],{"class":56},[42,92107,92108,92110,92112,92114],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,92109,135],{"class":52},[42,92111,57],{"class":56},[42,92113,23668],{"class":125},[42,92115,143],{"class":56},[14,92117,36953,92118,92123],{},[693,92119,92121],{"href":92120},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[17,92122,36108],{}," is usually a better choice:",[33,92125,92127],{"className":35,"code":92126,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[17,92128,92129,92161,92165,92185],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92130,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92132,8128],{"class":114},[42,92134,88],{"class":87},[42,92136,3957],{"class":56},[42,92138,61],{"class":60},[42,92140,693],{"class":64},[42,92142,61],{"class":60},[42,92144,70],{"class":56},[42,92146,73],{"class":60},[42,92148,5102],{"class":64},[42,92150,61],{"class":60},[42,92152,70],{"class":56},[42,92154,73],{"class":60},[42,92156,10090],{"class":64},[42,92158,61],{"class":60},[42,92160,3970],{"class":56},[42,92162,92163],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92164,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,92166,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,92168,6303],{"class":48},[42,92170,36180],{"class":114},[42,92172,70],{"class":56},[42,92174,6306],{"class":114},[42,92176,1299],{"class":48},[42,92178,36190],{"class":52},[42,92180,57],{"class":56},[42,92182,8159],{"class":125},[42,92184,8692],{"class":56},[42,92186,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,92188,135],{"class":52},[42,92190,57],{"class":56},[42,92192,36205],{"class":125},[42,92194,70],{"class":56},[42,92196,29866],{"class":125},[42,92198,143],{"class":56},[14,92200,79480,92201,122],{},[693,92202,36966,92203,36969],{"href":36965},[17,92204,36108],{},[28,92206,92208,92209,92211],{"id":92207},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[17,92210,36558],{}," to a list",[14,92213,92214,92216],{},[17,92215,36558],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,92218,92219,92220,1935],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[17,92221,25138],{},[33,92223,92225],{"className":35,"code":92224,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[17,92226,92227],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92228,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92230,284],{"class":52},[42,92232,57],{"class":56},[42,92234,8443],{"class":834},[42,92236,57],{"class":56},[42,92238,60364],{"class":52},[42,92240,57],{"class":56},[42,92242,2387],{"class":2348},[42,92244,3243],{"class":56},[14,92246,2395],{},[33,92248,92250],{"className":35,"code":92249,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[17,92251,92252],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92253,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92255,4238],{"class":56},[42,92257,2445],{"class":2348},[42,92259,70],{"class":56},[42,92261,5842],{"class":2348},[42,92263,70],{"class":56},[42,92265,3325],{"class":2348},[42,92267,3970],{"class":56},[14,92269,33672],{},[167,92271,92272,92277,92280],{},[170,92273,92274,92275,42448],{},"learning how ",[17,92276,36558],{},[170,92278,92279],{},"checking your values",[170,92281,92282],{},"debugging code",[14,92284,5816],{},[33,92286,92288],{"className":35,"code":92287,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[17,92289,92290,92304,92308,92318],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92291,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92293,3952],{"class":114},[42,92295,88],{"class":87},[42,92297,54434],{"class":52},[42,92299,57],{"class":56},[42,92301,2836],{"class":2348},[42,92303,143],{"class":56},[42,92305,92306],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92307,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,92309,92310,92312,92314,92316],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,92311,284],{"class":52},[42,92313,57],{"class":56},[42,92315,3984],{"class":125},[42,92317,143],{"class":56},[42,92319,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,92321,284],{"class":52},[42,92323,57],{"class":56},[42,92325,8443],{"class":834},[42,92327,57],{"class":56},[42,92329,3984],{"class":125},[42,92331,842],{"class":56},[14,92333,2395],{},[33,92335,92337],{"className":35,"code":92336,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[17,92338,92339,92353],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92340,92341,92343,92345,92347,92349,92351],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92342,60364],{"class":52},[42,92344,57],{"class":56},[42,92346,2445],{"class":2348},[42,92348,70],{"class":56},[42,92350,2787],{"class":2348},[42,92352,143],{"class":56},[42,92354,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92356,4238],{"class":56},[42,92358,2445],{"class":2348},[42,92360,70],{"class":56},[42,92362,5842],{"class":2348},[42,92364,70],{"class":56},[42,92366,3325],{"class":2348},[42,92368,70],{"class":56},[42,92370,2781],{"class":2348},[42,92372,3970],{"class":56},[14,92374,92375,92376,10937,92378,92381],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[17,92377,60364],{},[17,92379,92380],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[28,92383,4859],{"id":4858},[14,92385,33901,92386,122],{},[17,92387,36558],{},[1073,92389,92391],{"id":92390},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,92393,92394],{},"Many beginners think this:",[33,92396,92398],{"className":35,"code":92397,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[17,92399,92400],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92401,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92403,284],{"class":52},[42,92405,57],{"class":56},[42,92407,8443],{"class":834},[42,92409,57],{"class":56},[42,92411,60364],{"class":52},[42,92413,57],{"class":56},[42,92415,3320],{"class":2348},[42,92417,70],{"class":56},[42,92419,4946],{"class":2348},[42,92421,3243],{"class":56},[14,92423,92424],{},"will produce:",[33,92426,92428],{"className":35,"code":92427,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,92429,92430],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92431,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92433,4238],{"class":56},[42,92435,3320],{"class":2348},[42,92437,70],{"class":56},[42,92439,3325],{"class":2348},[42,92441,70],{"class":56},[42,92443,2781],{"class":2348},[42,92445,70],{"class":56},[42,92447,2787],{"class":2348},[42,92449,70],{"class":56},[42,92451,4946],{"class":2348},[42,92453,3970],{"class":56},[14,92455,92456],{},"But the real output is:",[33,92458,92459],{"className":35,"code":53869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92460,92461],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92462,92463,92465,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92464,4238],{"class":56},[42,92466,3320],{"class":2348},[42,92468,70],{"class":56},[42,92470,3325],{"class":2348},[42,92472,70],{"class":56},[42,92474,2781],{"class":2348},[42,92476,70],{"class":56},[42,92478,2787],{"class":2348},[42,92480,3970],{"class":56},[14,92482,92483],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1073,92485,4920,92487,92489,92490],{"id":92486},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[17,92488,90951],{}," starts at ",[17,92491,3320],{},[14,92493,37829,92494,19322,92496,122],{},[17,92495,2445],{},[17,92497,3320],{},[33,92499,92500],{"className":35,"code":91144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92501,92502],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92503,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92505,284],{"class":52},[42,92507,57],{"class":56},[42,92509,8443],{"class":834},[42,92511,57],{"class":56},[42,92513,60364],{"class":52},[42,92515,57],{"class":56},[42,92517,2461],{"class":2348},[42,92519,3243],{"class":56},[14,92521,2395],{},[33,92523,92524],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92525,92526],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92527,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92529,4238],{"class":56},[42,92531,2445],{"class":2348},[42,92533,70],{"class":56},[42,92535,5842],{"class":2348},[42,92537,70],{"class":56},[42,92539,3325],{"class":2348},[42,92541,70],{"class":56},[42,92543,2781],{"class":2348},[42,92545,70],{"class":56},[42,92547,2787],{"class":2348},[42,92549,3970],{"class":56},[1073,92551,92553],{"id":92552},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92555,92556,92557,1935],{},"This often happens with ",[17,92558,3289],{},[33,92560,92562],{"className":35,"code":92561,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[17,92563,92564,92583,92587,92604],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92565,92566,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579,92581],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92567,92568],{"class":114},"user_number ",[42,92570,88],{"class":87},[42,92572,8592],{"class":52},[42,92574,57],{"class":56},[42,92576,61],{"class":60},[42,92578,42234],{"class":64},[42,92580,61],{"class":60},[42,92582,143],{"class":56},[42,92584,92585],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92586,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,92588,92589,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92602],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,92590,6303],{"class":48},[42,92592,69911],{"class":114},[42,92594,1299],{"class":48},[42,92596,54434],{"class":52},[42,92598,57],{"class":56},[42,92600,92601],{"class":125},"user_number",[42,92603,8692],{"class":56},[42,92605,92606,92608,92610,92612],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,92607,135],{"class":52},[42,92609,57],{"class":56},[42,92611,36514],{"class":125},[42,92613,143],{"class":56},[14,92615,48872,92616,92618],{},[17,92617,3289],{}," returns a string.",[14,92620,11160],{},[33,92622,92624],{"className":35,"code":92623,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[17,92625,92626,92648,92652,92668],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92627,92628,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92629,92568],{"class":114},[42,92631,88],{"class":87},[42,92633,45639],{"class":834},[42,92635,57],{"class":56},[42,92637,42825],{"class":52},[42,92639,57],{"class":56},[42,92641,61],{"class":60},[42,92643,42234],{"class":64},[42,92645,61],{"class":60},[42,92647,842],{"class":56},[42,92649,92650],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92651,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,92653,92654,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,92655,6303],{"class":48},[42,92657,69911],{"class":114},[42,92659,1299],{"class":48},[42,92661,54434],{"class":52},[42,92663,57],{"class":56},[42,92665,92601],{"class":125},[42,92667,8692],{"class":56},[42,92669,92670,92672,92674,92676],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,92671,135],{"class":52},[42,92673,57],{"class":56},[42,92675,36514],{"class":125},[42,92677,143],{"class":56},[14,92679,92680,92681,122],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[693,92682,50886,92683],{"href":50885},[17,92684,50889],{},[1073,92686,92688,92689,92691,92692],{"id":92687},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[17,92690,36432],{}," smaller than ",[17,92693,75788],{},[14,92695,92696],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[33,92698,92699],{"className":35,"code":91626,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92700,92701],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92702,92703,92705,92707,92709,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92704,284],{"class":52},[42,92706,57],{"class":56},[42,92708,8443],{"class":834},[42,92710,57],{"class":56},[42,92712,60364],{"class":52},[42,92714,57],{"class":56},[42,92716,3320],{"class":2348},[42,92718,70],{"class":56},[42,92720,4946],{"class":2348},[42,92722,70],{"class":56},[42,92724,2547],{"class":87},[42,92726,3320],{"class":2348},[42,92728,3243],{"class":56},[14,92730,2395],{},[33,92732,92733],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92734,92735],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92736,92737],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92738,38659],{"class":56},[14,92740,92741],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1073,92743,25974,92745],{"id":92744},"trying-to-use-step-0",[17,92746,92747],{},"step = 0",[14,92749,77931],{},[33,92751,92753],{"className":35,"code":92752,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[17,92754,92755],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92756,92757,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92758,60364],{"class":52},[42,92760,57],{"class":56},[42,92762,3320],{"class":2348},[42,92764,70],{"class":56},[42,92766,6350],{"class":2348},[42,92768,70],{"class":56},[42,92770,4171],{"class":2348},[42,92772,143],{"class":56},[14,92774,92775],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1073,92777,5045,92779,92781],{"id":92778},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[17,92780,36558],{}," is not a list",[14,92783,92784],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[33,92786,92788],{"className":35,"code":92787,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(range(5))\n",[17,92789,92790],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92791,92792,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92793,284],{"class":52},[42,92795,57],{"class":56},[42,92797,60364],{"class":52},[42,92799,57],{"class":56},[42,92801,2461],{"class":2348},[42,92803,842],{"class":56},[14,92805,2395],{},[33,92807,92809],{"className":35,"code":92808,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(0, 5)\n",[17,92810,92811],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92812,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92814,60364],{"class":52},[42,92816,57],{"class":56},[42,92818,2445],{"class":2348},[42,92820,70],{"class":56},[42,92822,4946],{"class":2348},[42,92824,143],{"class":56},[14,92826,92827],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[33,92829,92830],{"className":35,"code":91144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92831,92832],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92833,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92835,284],{"class":52},[42,92837,57],{"class":56},[42,92839,8443],{"class":834},[42,92841,57],{"class":56},[42,92843,60364],{"class":52},[42,92845,57],{"class":56},[42,92847,2461],{"class":2348},[42,92849,3243],{"class":56},[14,92851,2395],{},[33,92853,92854],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,92855,92856],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92857,92858,92860,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874,92876,92878],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92859,4238],{"class":56},[42,92861,2445],{"class":2348},[42,92863,70],{"class":56},[42,92865,5842],{"class":2348},[42,92867,70],{"class":56},[42,92869,3325],{"class":2348},[42,92871,70],{"class":56},[42,92873,2781],{"class":2348},[42,92875,70],{"class":56},[42,92877,2787],{"class":2348},[42,92879,3970],{"class":56},[28,92881,92883],{"id":92882},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92885,9225,92886,82702],{},[17,92887,36558],{},[33,92889,92891],{"className":35,"code":92890,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[17,92892,92893,92907,92925,92947,92975],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,92894,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,92896,284],{"class":52},[42,92898,57],{"class":56},[42,92900,60364],{"class":52},[42,92902,57],{"class":56},[42,92904,2461],{"class":2348},[42,92906,842],{"class":56},[42,92908,92909,92911,92913,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,92910,284],{"class":52},[42,92912,57],{"class":56},[42,92914,8443],{"class":834},[42,92916,57],{"class":56},[42,92918,60364],{"class":52},[42,92920,57],{"class":56},[42,92922,2461],{"class":2348},[42,92924,3243],{"class":56},[42,92926,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,92928,284],{"class":52},[42,92930,57],{"class":56},[42,92932,8443],{"class":834},[42,92934,57],{"class":56},[42,92936,60364],{"class":52},[42,92938,57],{"class":56},[42,92940,2381],{"class":2348},[42,92942,70],{"class":56},[42,92944,6706],{"class":2348},[42,92946,3243],{"class":56},[42,92948,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959,92961,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,92950,284],{"class":52},[42,92952,57],{"class":56},[42,92954,8443],{"class":834},[42,92956,57],{"class":56},[42,92958,60364],{"class":52},[42,92960,57],{"class":56},[42,92962,2659],{"class":2348},[42,92964,70],{"class":56},[42,92966,4171],{"class":2348},[42,92968,70],{"class":56},[42,92970,2547],{"class":87},[42,92972,2381],{"class":2348},[42,92974,3243],{"class":56},[42,92976,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,92978,284],{"class":52},[42,92980,57],{"class":56},[42,92982,835],{"class":834},[42,92984,57],{"class":56},[42,92986,60364],{"class":52},[42,92988,57],{"class":56},[42,92990,2461],{"class":2348},[42,92992,3243],{"class":56},[14,92994,26366],{},[167,92996,92997,93000,93003],{},[170,92998,92999],{},"what values are being created",[170,93001,93002],{},"whether the direction is correct",[170,93004,93005,93006,24975],{},"whether you are working with a ",[17,93007,60364],{},[28,93009,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,93011,13060,93013,93015],{"id":93012},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[17,93014,36558],{}," include the last number?",[14,93017,93018],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1073,93020,5501,93022,93024,93025,2823],{"id":93021},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[17,93023,90951],{}," start at ",[17,93026,2445],{},[14,93028,93029,93030,122],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[17,93031,2445],{},[1073,93033,5513,93035,93037],{"id":93034},"can-range-count-backward",[17,93036,36558],{}," count backward?",[14,93039,93040,93041,122],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[17,93042,93043],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1073,93045,15260,93047,26401],{"id":93046},"is-range-a-list",[17,93048,36558],{},[14,93050,26404,93051,93053,93054,24296],{},[17,93052,60364],{}," object. Use ",[17,93055,93056],{},"list(range(...))",[1073,93058,5501,93060,49046],{"id":93059},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[17,93061,93062],{},"range(input())",[14,93064,93065,3816,93067,122],{},[17,93066,3289],{},[17,93068,93069],{},"int(input())",[28,93071,2205],{"id":2204},[167,93073,93074,93078,93084,93090,93096],{},[170,93075,93076],{},[693,93077,36388],{"href":36387},[170,93079,93080],{},[693,93081,3908,93082,3841],{"href":42721},[17,93083,42724],{},[170,93085,93086],{},[693,93087,3908,93088,3841],{"href":92120},[17,93089,36108],{},[170,93091,93092],{},[693,93093,37880,93094,36969],{"href":36965},[17,93095,36108],{},[170,93097,93098],{},[693,93099,50886,93100],{"href":50885},[17,93101,50889],{},[2245,93103,93104],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":93106},[93107,93108,93110,93116,93124,93131,93133,93145,93146,93158],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":90960,"depth":111,"text":93109},"What range() does",{"id":91053,"depth":111,"text":93111,"children":93112},"range() syntax",[93113,93114,93115],{"id":91133,"depth":132,"text":91136},{"id":91197,"depth":132,"text":91200},{"id":91265,"depth":132,"text":91268},{"id":91336,"depth":111,"text":91337,"children":93117},[93118,93119,93120,93121,93122],{"id":91343,"depth":132,"text":90951},{"id":91406,"depth":132,"text":91409},{"id":91470,"depth":132,"text":91473},{"id":91546,"depth":132,"text":91547},{"id":77175,"depth":132,"text":93123},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91705,"depth":111,"text":93125,"children":93126},"Using range() in a for loop",[93127,93128,93129],{"id":91807,"depth":132,"text":91808},{"id":91852,"depth":132,"text":91853},{"id":91932,"depth":132,"text":93130},"range() and indexing",{"id":92207,"depth":111,"text":93132},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":93134},[93135,93136,93138,93139,93141,93143],{"id":92390,"depth":132,"text":92391},{"id":92486,"depth":132,"text":93137},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92552,"depth":132,"text":92553},{"id":92687,"depth":132,"text":93140},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92744,"depth":132,"text":93142},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92778,"depth":132,"text":93144},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92882,"depth":111,"text":92883},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":93147},[93148,93150,93152,93154,93156],{"id":93012,"depth":132,"text":93149},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93021,"depth":132,"text":93151},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93034,"depth":132,"text":93153},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93046,"depth":132,"text":93155},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93059,"depth":132,"text":93157},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90854,"description":93159},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93166,"title":93167,"body":93168,"description":94841,"extension":2285,"meta":94842,"navigation":2287,"path":94843,"seo":94844,"stem":94845,"__hash__":94846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93169,"toc":94814},[93170,93179,93186,93203,93219,93221,93270,93278,93282,93285,93305,93307,93371,93373,93416,93419,93465,93467,93500,93510,93516,93524,93541,93543,93574,93576,93601,93606,93617,93620,93690,93692,93723,93728,93733,93750,93752,93803,93805,93838,93841,93848,93853,93857,93873,93875,93919,93921,93967,93970,93983,93988,93992,94006,94008,94059,94061,94094,94099,94101,94108,94110,94133,94135,94200,94202,94219,94222,94255,94257,94285,94295,94302,94306,94309,94327,94330,94358,94361,94379,94384,94390,94393,94415,94417,94445,94447,94450,94475,94478,94591,94593,94672,94674,94680,94685,94693,94701,94705,94708,94710,94743,94745,94753,94759,94766,94773,94776,94778,94811],[10,93171,3908,93173,10937,93175,93178],{"id":93172},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[17,93174,36558],{},[17,93176,93177],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,93180,93181,1753,93183,93185],{},[17,93182,36558],{},[17,93184,93177],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[167,93187,93188,93196],{},[170,93189,93190,93192,93193],{},[17,93191,36558],{}," creates a ",[177,93194,93195],{},"range object",[170,93197,93198,93192,93200],{},[17,93199,93177],{},[177,93201,93202],{},"real list",[14,93204,93205,93206,93208,93209,93212,93213,93215,93216,93218],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[17,93207,90951],{}," to behave exactly like ",[17,93210,93211],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[17,93214,36558],{}," for looping, and only use ",[17,93217,93177],{}," when you actually need a list.",[28,93220,3942],{"id":3941},[33,93222,93224],{"className":35,"code":93223,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,93225,93226,93240,93253],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93227,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93229,3952],{"class":114},[42,93231,88],{"class":87},[42,93233,54434],{"class":52},[42,93235,57],{"class":56},[42,93237,2461],{"class":2348},[42,93239,143],{"class":56},[42,93241,93242,93244,93246,93248,93250],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93243,284],{"class":52},[42,93245,57],{"class":56},[42,93247,3984],{"class":125},[42,93249,98],{"class":56},[42,93251,93252],{"class":525},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[42,93254,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,93256,284],{"class":52},[42,93258,57],{"class":56},[42,93260,8443],{"class":834},[42,93262,57],{"class":56},[42,93264,3984],{"class":125},[42,93266,5705],{"class":56},[42,93268,93269],{"class":525},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,93271,146,93272,93274,93275,93277],{},[17,93273,36558],{}," for looping. Use ",[17,93276,93177],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[28,93279,93281],{"id":93280},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,93283,93284],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[167,93286,93287,93294,93299,93302],{},[170,93288,93289,751,93291,93293],{},[17,93290,36558],{},[177,93292,93195],{},", not a list",[170,93295,93296,93298],{},[17,93297,93177],{}," converts that range object into a list",[170,93300,93301],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[170,93303,93304],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,93306,219],{},[33,93308,93310],{"className":35,"code":93309,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[17,93311,93312,93327,93346,93350,93360],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93313,93314,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93315,93316],{"class":114},"r ",[42,93318,88],{"class":87},[42,93320,54434],{"class":52},[42,93322,57],{"class":56},[42,93324,2461],{"class":2348},[42,93326,143],{"class":56},[42,93328,93329,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93330,93331],{"class":114},"lst ",[42,93333,88],{"class":87},[42,93335,22917],{"class":834},[42,93337,57],{"class":56},[42,93339,60364],{"class":52},[42,93341,57],{"class":56},[42,93343,2461],{"class":2348},[42,93345,842],{"class":56},[42,93347,93348],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,93349,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,93351,93352,93354,93356,93358],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,93353,284],{"class":52},[42,93355,57],{"class":56},[42,93357,76],{"class":125},[42,93359,143],{"class":56},[42,93361,93362,93364,93366,93369],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,93363,284],{"class":52},[42,93365,57],{"class":56},[42,93367,93368],{"class":125},"lst",[42,93370,143],{"class":56},[14,93372,2395],{},[33,93374,93376],{"className":35,"code":93375,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,93377,93378,93392],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93379,93380,93382,93384,93386,93388,93390],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93381,60364],{"class":52},[42,93383,57],{"class":56},[42,93385,2445],{"class":2348},[42,93387,70],{"class":56},[42,93389,4946],{"class":2348},[42,93391,143],{"class":56},[42,93393,93394,93396,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93395,4238],{"class":56},[42,93397,2445],{"class":2348},[42,93399,70],{"class":56},[42,93401,5842],{"class":2348},[42,93403,70],{"class":56},[42,93405,3325],{"class":2348},[42,93407,70],{"class":56},[42,93409,2781],{"class":2348},[42,93411,70],{"class":56},[42,93413,2787],{"class":2348},[42,93415,3970],{"class":56},[14,93417,93418],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[33,93420,93422],{"className":35,"code":93421,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[17,93423,93424,93442],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93425,93426,93428,93430,93432,93434,93436,93438,93440],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93427,284],{"class":52},[42,93429,57],{"class":56},[42,93431,835],{"class":834},[42,93433,57],{"class":56},[42,93435,60364],{"class":52},[42,93437,57],{"class":56},[42,93439,2461],{"class":2348},[42,93441,3243],{"class":56},[42,93443,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93445,284],{"class":52},[42,93447,57],{"class":56},[42,93449,835],{"class":834},[42,93451,57],{"class":56},[42,93453,8443],{"class":834},[42,93455,57],{"class":56},[42,93457,60364],{"class":52},[42,93459,57],{"class":56},[42,93461,2461],{"class":2348},[42,93463,93464],{"class":56},"))))\n",[14,93466,2395],{},[33,93468,93470],{"className":35,"code":93469,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,93471,93472,93486],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93473,93474,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93475,855],{"class":87},[42,93477,859],{"class":858},[42,93479,862],{"class":60},[42,93481,60364],{"class":64},[42,93483,868],{"class":60},[42,93485,871],{"class":87},[42,93487,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93489,855],{"class":87},[42,93491,859],{"class":858},[42,93493,862],{"class":60},[42,93495,8443],{"class":64},[42,93497,868],{"class":60},[42,93499,871],{"class":87},[14,93501,93502,93503,93505,93506,122],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[17,93504,36558],{}," works, see ",[693,93507,3908,93508,3841],{"href":93161},[17,93509,36558],{},[28,93511,4013,93513,93515],{"id":93512},"what-range-gives-you",[17,93514,36558],{}," gives you",[14,93517,93518,93520,93521,93523],{},[17,93519,36558],{}," is most often used in ",[17,93522,6303],{}," loops.",[167,93525,93526,93529,93532,93535],{},[170,93527,93528],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[170,93530,93531],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[170,93533,93534],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[170,93536,93537,93538],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[17,93539,93540],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93542,219],{},[33,93544,93546],{"className":35,"code":93545,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[17,93547,93548,93564],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93549,93550,93552,93554,93556,93558,93560,93562],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93551,6303],{"class":48},[42,93553,69911],{"class":114},[42,93555,1299],{"class":48},[42,93557,54434],{"class":52},[42,93559,57],{"class":56},[42,93561,2461],{"class":2348},[42,93563,8692],{"class":56},[42,93565,93566,93568,93570,93572],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93567,135],{"class":52},[42,93569,57],{"class":56},[42,93571,36514],{"class":125},[42,93573,143],{"class":56},[14,93575,2395],{},[33,93577,93579],{"className":35,"code":93578,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[17,93580,93581,93585,93589,93593,93597],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93582,93583],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93584,47615],{"class":2348},[42,93586,93587],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93588,47280],{"class":2348},[42,93590,93591],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,93592,17415],{"class":2348},[42,93594,93595],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,93596,46980],{"class":2348},[42,93598,93599],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,93600,49012],{"class":2348},[14,93602,21129,93603,93605],{},[17,93604,90951],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93607,93608,93609,93611,93612,122],{},"This is one reason ",[17,93610,36558],{}," is so common with ",[693,93613,3908,93615,90982],{"href":93614},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[17,93616,6303],{},[14,93618,93619],{},"You can also inspect it:",[33,93621,93623],{"className":35,"code":93622,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[17,93624,93625,93647,93651,93661,93675],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93626,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93628,93316],{"class":114},[42,93630,88],{"class":87},[42,93632,54434],{"class":52},[42,93634,57],{"class":56},[42,93636,2381],{"class":2348},[42,93638,70],{"class":56},[42,93640,6350],{"class":2348},[42,93642,70],{"class":56},[42,93644,3325],{"class":2348},[42,93646,143],{"class":56},[42,93648,93649],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93650,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,93652,93653,93655,93657,93659],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,93654,284],{"class":52},[42,93656,57],{"class":56},[42,93658,76],{"class":125},[42,93660,143],{"class":56},[42,93662,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,93664,284],{"class":52},[42,93666,57],{"class":56},[42,93668,11515],{"class":52},[42,93670,57],{"class":56},[42,93672,76],{"class":125},[42,93674,842],{"class":56},[42,93676,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93688],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,93678,284],{"class":52},[42,93680,57],{"class":56},[42,93682,80956],{"class":2348},[42,93684,21531],{"class":48},[42,93686,93687],{"class":125}," r",[42,93689,143],{"class":56},[14,93691,2395],{},[33,93693,93695],{"className":35,"code":93694,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[17,93696,93697,93715,93719],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93698,93699,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93700,60364],{"class":52},[42,93702,57],{"class":56},[42,93704,2381],{"class":2348},[42,93706,70],{"class":56},[42,93708,6350],{"class":2348},[42,93710,70],{"class":56},[42,93712,3325],{"class":2348},[42,93714,143],{"class":56},[42,93716,93717],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93718,49012],{"class":2348},[42,93720,93721],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,93722,4318],{"class":4190},[28,93724,4013,93726,93515],{"id":93725},"what-listrange-gives-you",[17,93727,93177],{},[14,93729,93730,93732],{},[17,93731,93177],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[167,93734,93735,93738,93741,93744],{},[170,93736,93737],{},"It creates all values at once",[170,93739,93740],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[170,93742,93743],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[170,93745,93746,93747,93749],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[17,93748,36558],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93751,219],{},[33,93753,93755],{"className":35,"code":93754,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,93756,93757,93775,93779,93789],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93758,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93760,3952],{"class":114},[42,93762,88],{"class":87},[42,93764,22917],{"class":834},[42,93766,57],{"class":56},[42,93768,60364],{"class":52},[42,93770,57],{"class":56},[42,93772,2461],{"class":2348},[42,93774,842],{"class":56},[42,93776,93777],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93778,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,93780,93781,93783,93785,93787],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,93782,284],{"class":52},[42,93784,57],{"class":56},[42,93786,3984],{"class":125},[42,93788,143],{"class":56},[42,93790,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799,93801],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,93792,284],{"class":52},[42,93794,57],{"class":56},[42,93796,3984],{"class":125},[42,93798,4238],{"class":56},[42,93800,2381],{"class":2348},[42,93802,4226],{"class":56},[14,93804,2395],{},[33,93806,93808],{"className":35,"code":93807,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[17,93809,93810,93834],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93811,93812,93814,93816,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828,93830,93832],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93813,4238],{"class":56},[42,93815,2445],{"class":2348},[42,93817,70],{"class":56},[42,93819,5842],{"class":2348},[42,93821,70],{"class":56},[42,93823,3325],{"class":2348},[42,93825,70],{"class":56},[42,93827,2781],{"class":2348},[42,93829,70],{"class":56},[42,93831,2787],{"class":2348},[42,93833,3970],{"class":56},[42,93835,93836],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93837,17415],{"class":2348},[14,93839,93840],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93842,93843,93844,122],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[693,93845,3908,93846,3841],{"href":65212},[17,93847,25138],{},[28,93849,5303,93851],{"id":93850},"when-to-use-range",[17,93852,36558],{},[14,93854,146,93855,10953],{},[17,93856,36558],{},[167,93858,93859,93864,93867,93870],{},[170,93860,93861,93862,91711],{},"You are writing a ",[17,93863,6303],{},[170,93865,93866],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[170,93868,93869],{},"You are working with large sequences",[170,93871,93872],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93874,219],{},[33,93876,93878],{"className":35,"code":93877,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[17,93879,93880,93900],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93881,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93883,6303],{"class":48},[42,93885,69911],{"class":114},[42,93887,1299],{"class":48},[42,93889,54434],{"class":52},[42,93891,57],{"class":56},[42,93893,3320],{"class":2348},[42,93895,70],{"class":56},[42,93897,38005],{"class":2348},[42,93899,8692],{"class":56},[42,93901,93902,93904,93906,93908,93911,93913,93915,93917],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93903,135],{"class":52},[42,93905,57],{"class":56},[42,93907,61],{"class":60},[42,93909,93910],{"class":64},"Count:",[42,93912,61],{"class":60},[42,93914,70],{"class":56},[42,93916,36489],{"class":125},[42,93918,143],{"class":56},[14,93920,2395],{},[33,93922,93924],{"className":35,"code":93923,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[17,93925,93926,93935,93943,93951,93959],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,93927,93928,93931,93933],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,93929,93930],{"class":114},"Count",[42,93932,1935],{"class":56},[42,93934,29974],{"class":2348},[42,93936,93937,93939,93941],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,93938,93930],{"class":114},[42,93940,1935],{"class":56},[42,93942,45952],{"class":2348},[42,93944,93945,93947,93949],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,93946,93930],{"class":114},[42,93948,1935],{"class":56},[42,93950,2909],{"class":2348},[42,93952,93953,93955,93957],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,93954,93930],{"class":114},[42,93956,1935],{"class":56},[42,93958,24021],{"class":2348},[42,93960,93961,93963,93965],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,93962,93930],{"class":114},[42,93964,1935],{"class":56},[42,93966,35202],{"class":2348},[14,93968,93969],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93971,93972,93973,93975,93976,62652,93978,122],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[17,93974,36108],{}," is often a better choice than ",[17,93977,36959],{},[693,93979,36966,93981,36969],{"href":93980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[17,93982,36108],{},[28,93984,5303,93986],{"id":93985},"when-to-use-listrange",[17,93987,93177],{},[14,93989,146,93990,10953],{},[17,93991,93177],{},[167,93993,93994,93997,94000,94003],{},[170,93995,93996],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[170,93998,93999],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[170,94001,94002],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[170,94004,94005],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,94007,219],{},[33,94009,94011],{"className":35,"code":94010,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,94012,94013,94031,94045,94049],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94014,94015,94017,94019,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94016,3952],{"class":114},[42,94018,88],{"class":87},[42,94020,22917],{"class":834},[42,94022,57],{"class":56},[42,94024,60364],{"class":52},[42,94026,57],{"class":56},[42,94028,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94030,842],{"class":56},[42,94032,94033,94035,94037,94039,94041,94043],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94034,3984],{"class":114},[42,94036,122],{"class":56},[42,94038,13910],{"class":125},[42,94040,57],{"class":56},[42,94042,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94044,143],{"class":56},[42,94046,94047],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,94048,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,94050,94051,94053,94055,94057],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,94052,284],{"class":52},[42,94054,57],{"class":56},[42,94056,3984],{"class":125},[42,94058,143],{"class":56},[14,94060,2395],{},[33,94062,94064],{"className":35,"code":94063,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[17,94065,94066],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94067,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94069,4238],{"class":56},[42,94071,2445],{"class":2348},[42,94073,70],{"class":56},[42,94075,5842],{"class":2348},[42,94077,70],{"class":56},[42,94079,3325],{"class":2348},[42,94081,70],{"class":56},[42,94083,2781],{"class":2348},[42,94085,70],{"class":56},[42,94087,2787],{"class":2348},[42,94089,70],{"class":56},[42,94091,4946],{"class":2348},[42,94093,3970],{"class":56},[14,94095,6406,94096,94098],{},[17,94097,3984],{}," is a list.",[28,94100,15954],{"id":15953},[14,94102,94103,94105,94106,122],{},[17,94104,36558],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[177,94107,37959],{},[14,94109,2432],{},[167,94111,94112,94114,94119,94124,94127],{},[170,94113,22342],{},[170,94115,94116,94117],{},"You can check its length with ",[17,94118,42724],{},[170,94120,94121,94122],{},"You can test membership with ",[17,94123,1299],{},[170,94125,94126],{},"You can index it",[170,94128,94129,94130,94132],{},"But list methods such as ",[17,94131,53016],{}," do not work on it",[14,94134,219],{},[33,94136,94138],{"className":35,"code":94137,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[17,94139,94140,94154,94158,94172,94186],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94141,94142,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94143,93316],{"class":114},[42,94145,88],{"class":87},[42,94147,54434],{"class":52},[42,94149,57],{"class":56},[42,94151,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94153,143],{"class":56},[42,94155,94156],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94157,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,94159,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,94161,284],{"class":52},[42,94163,57],{"class":56},[42,94165,76],{"class":125},[42,94167,4238],{"class":56},[42,94169,2381],{"class":2348},[42,94171,4226],{"class":56},[42,94173,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,94175,284],{"class":52},[42,94177,57],{"class":56},[42,94179,11515],{"class":52},[42,94181,57],{"class":56},[42,94183,76],{"class":125},[42,94185,842],{"class":56},[42,94187,94188,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,94189,284],{"class":52},[42,94191,57],{"class":56},[42,94193,2387],{"class":2348},[42,94195,21531],{"class":48},[42,94197,93687],{"class":125},[42,94199,143],{"class":56},[14,94201,2395],{},[33,94203,94205],{"className":35,"code":94204,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[17,94206,94207,94211,94215],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94208,94209],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94210,17415],{"class":2348},[42,94212,94213],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94214,3278],{"class":2348},[42,94216,94217],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,94218,4318],{"class":4190},[14,94220,94221],{},"Now compare that with this:",[33,94223,94225],{"className":35,"code":94224,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[17,94226,94227,94241],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94228,94229,94231,94233,94235,94237,94239],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94230,93316],{"class":114},[42,94232,88],{"class":87},[42,94234,54434],{"class":52},[42,94236,57],{"class":56},[42,94238,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94240,143],{"class":56},[42,94242,94243,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94244,76],{"class":114},[42,94246,122],{"class":56},[42,94248,13910],{"class":125},[42,94250,57],{"class":56},[42,94252,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94254,143],{"class":56},[14,94256,2395],{},[33,94258,94260],{"className":35,"code":94259,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[17,94261,94262],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94263,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274,94276,94279,94281,94283],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94265,26029],{"class":834},[42,94267,1935],{"class":56},[42,94269,862],{"class":60},[42,94271,60364],{"class":64},[42,94273,868],{"class":60},[42,94275,24975],{"class":834},[42,94277,94278],{"class":114}," has no attribute ",[42,94280,868],{"class":60},[42,94282,13910],{"class":64},[42,94284,30059],{"class":60},[14,94286,94287,94288,2514,94290,2518,94292,94294],{},"If you need methods like ",[17,94289,53016],{},[17,94291,55893],{},[17,94293,64676],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,94296,94297,94298,122],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[693,94299,26037,94300],{"href":35778},[17,94301,34616],{},[28,94303,94305],{"id":94304},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,94307,94308],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[33,94310,94311],{"className":35,"code":92787,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,94312,94313],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94314,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94316,284],{"class":52},[42,94318,57],{"class":56},[42,94320,60364],{"class":52},[42,94322,57],{"class":56},[42,94324,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94326,842],{"class":56},[14,94328,94329],{},"to show:",[33,94331,94332],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,94333,94334],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94335,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94337,4238],{"class":56},[42,94339,2445],{"class":2348},[42,94341,70],{"class":56},[42,94343,5842],{"class":2348},[42,94345,70],{"class":56},[42,94347,3325],{"class":2348},[42,94349,70],{"class":56},[42,94351,2781],{"class":2348},[42,94353,70],{"class":56},[42,94355,2787],{"class":2348},[42,94357,3970],{"class":56},[14,94359,94360],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[33,94362,94363],{"className":35,"code":92808,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,94364,94365],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94366,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94368,60364],{"class":52},[42,94370,57],{"class":56},[42,94372,2445],{"class":2348},[42,94374,70],{"class":56},[42,94376,4946],{"class":2348},[42,94378,143],{"class":56},[14,94380,4969,94381,94383],{},[177,94382,179],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,94385,94386,94387,94389],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[177,94388,93195],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,94391,94392],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[33,94394,94395],{"className":35,"code":91144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,94396,94397],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94398,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94400,284],{"class":52},[42,94402,57],{"class":56},[42,94404,8443],{"class":834},[42,94406,57],{"class":56},[42,94408,60364],{"class":52},[42,94410,57],{"class":56},[42,94412,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94414,3243],{"class":56},[14,94416,2395],{},[33,94418,94419],{"className":35,"code":60387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,94420,94421],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94422,94423,94425,94427,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441,94443],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94424,4238],{"class":56},[42,94426,2445],{"class":2348},[42,94428,70],{"class":56},[42,94430,5842],{"class":2348},[42,94432,70],{"class":56},[42,94434,3325],{"class":2348},[42,94436,70],{"class":56},[42,94438,2781],{"class":2348},[42,94440,70],{"class":56},[42,94442,2787],{"class":2348},[42,94444,3970],{"class":56},[28,94446,1929],{"id":1928},[14,94448,94449],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[167,94451,94452,94458,94461,94467],{},[170,94453,1940,94454,94457],{},[17,94455,94456],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[170,94459,94460],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[170,94462,94463,94464,94466],{},"Not realizing that ",[17,94465,36558],{}," is iterable but not a list",[170,94468,1940,94469,94471,94472,94474],{},[17,94470,93177],{}," when plain ",[17,94473,36558],{}," would be simpler",[14,94476,94477],{},"These quick checks can help:",[33,94479,94481],{"className":35,"code":94480,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[17,94482,94483,94497,94515,94533,94555,94573],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94484,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94486,284],{"class":52},[42,94488,57],{"class":56},[42,94490,60364],{"class":52},[42,94492,57],{"class":56},[42,94494,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94496,842],{"class":56},[42,94498,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509,94511,94513],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94500,284],{"class":52},[42,94502,57],{"class":56},[42,94504,8443],{"class":834},[42,94506,57],{"class":56},[42,94508,60364],{"class":52},[42,94510,57],{"class":56},[42,94512,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94514,3243],{"class":56},[42,94516,94517,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,94518,284],{"class":52},[42,94520,57],{"class":56},[42,94522,835],{"class":834},[42,94524,57],{"class":56},[42,94526,60364],{"class":52},[42,94528,57],{"class":56},[42,94530,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94532,3243],{"class":56},[42,94534,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549,94551,94553],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,94536,284],{"class":52},[42,94538,57],{"class":56},[42,94540,835],{"class":834},[42,94542,57],{"class":56},[42,94544,8443],{"class":834},[42,94546,57],{"class":56},[42,94548,60364],{"class":52},[42,94550,57],{"class":56},[42,94552,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94554,93464],{"class":56},[42,94556,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569,94571],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,94558,284],{"class":52},[42,94560,57],{"class":56},[42,94562,2387],{"class":2348},[42,94564,21531],{"class":48},[42,94566,54434],{"class":52},[42,94568,57],{"class":56},[42,94570,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94572,842],{"class":56},[42,94574,94575,94577,94579,94581,94583,94585,94587,94589],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,94576,284],{"class":52},[42,94578,57],{"class":56},[42,94580,11515],{"class":52},[42,94582,57],{"class":56},[42,94584,60364],{"class":52},[42,94586,57],{"class":56},[42,94588,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94590,3243],{"class":56},[14,94592,2395],{},[33,94594,94596],{"className":35,"code":94595,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[17,94597,94598,94612,94636,94650,94664,94668],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94599,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94601,60364],{"class":52},[42,94603,57],{"class":56},[42,94605,2445],{"class":2348},[42,94607,70],{"class":56},[42,94609,4946],{"class":2348},[42,94611,143],{"class":56},[42,94613,94614,94616,94618,94620,94622,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94634],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94615,4238],{"class":56},[42,94617,2445],{"class":2348},[42,94619,70],{"class":56},[42,94621,5842],{"class":2348},[42,94623,70],{"class":56},[42,94625,3325],{"class":2348},[42,94627,70],{"class":56},[42,94629,2781],{"class":2348},[42,94631,70],{"class":56},[42,94633,2787],{"class":2348},[42,94635,3970],{"class":56},[42,94637,94638,94640,94642,94644,94646,94648],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,94639,855],{"class":87},[42,94641,859],{"class":858},[42,94643,862],{"class":60},[42,94645,60364],{"class":64},[42,94647,868],{"class":60},[42,94649,871],{"class":87},[42,94651,94652,94654,94656,94658,94660,94662],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,94653,855],{"class":87},[42,94655,859],{"class":858},[42,94657,862],{"class":60},[42,94659,8443],{"class":64},[42,94661,868],{"class":60},[42,94663,871],{"class":87},[42,94665,94666],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,94667,4318],{"class":4190},[42,94669,94670],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,94671,3278],{"class":2348},[28,94673,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,94675,15260,94677,94679],{"id":94676},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[17,94678,36558],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94681,46728,94682,94684],{},[17,94683,36558],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1073,94686,94688,94689,11445,94691,2823],{"id":94687},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[17,94690,36558],{},[17,94692,93177],{},[14,94694,94695,94697,94698,94700],{},[17,94696,36558],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[17,94699,93177],{}," creates a full list.",[1073,94702,94704],{"id":94703},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94706,94707],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94709,219],{},[33,94711,94713],{"className":35,"code":94712,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[17,94714,94715,94729],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94718,93316],{"class":114},[42,94720,88],{"class":87},[42,94722,54434],{"class":52},[42,94724,57],{"class":56},[42,94726,2461],{"class":2348},[42,94728,143],{"class":56},[42,94730,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94741],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94732,284],{"class":52},[42,94734,57],{"class":56},[42,94736,76],{"class":125},[42,94738,4238],{"class":56},[42,94740,3320],{"class":2348},[42,94742,4226],{"class":56},[14,94744,2395],{},[33,94746,94747],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,94748,94749],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94750,94751],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94752,47280],{"class":2348},[1073,94754,5501,94756,94758],{"id":94755},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[17,94757,94456],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94760,94761,94762,94765],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[17,94763,94764],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1073,94767,94769,94770,94772],{"id":94768},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[17,94771,36558],{}," to a list?",[14,94774,94775],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[28,94777,2205],{"id":2204},[167,94779,94780,94786,94792,94799,94805],{},[170,94781,94782],{},[693,94783,3908,94784,3841],{"href":93161},[17,94785,36558],{},[170,94787,94788],{},[693,94789,3908,94790,3841],{"href":65212},[17,94791,25138],{},[170,94793,94794],{},[693,94795,3908,94796,94798],{"href":93614},[17,94797,6303],{}," loops explained",[170,94800,94801],{},[693,94802,37880,94803,36969],{"href":93980},[17,94804,36108],{},[170,94806,94807],{},[693,94808,26480,94809],{"href":35778},[17,94810,34616],{},[2245,94812,94813],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":94815},[94816,94817,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826,94827,94828,94829,94840],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":93280,"depth":111,"text":93281},{"id":93512,"depth":111,"text":94819},"What range() gives you",{"id":93725,"depth":111,"text":94821},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93850,"depth":111,"text":94823},"When to use range()",{"id":93985,"depth":111,"text":94825},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15953,"depth":111,"text":15954},{"id":94304,"depth":111,"text":94305},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":94830},[94831,94833,94835,94836,94838],{"id":94676,"depth":132,"text":94832},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94687,"depth":132,"text":94834},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94703,"depth":132,"text":94704},{"id":94755,"depth":132,"text":94837},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94768,"depth":132,"text":94839},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93167,"description":94841},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94848,"title":94849,"body":94850,"description":96286,"extension":2285,"meta":96287,"navigation":2287,"path":96288,"seo":96289,"stem":96290,"__hash__":96291},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94851,"toc":96252},[94852,94858,94863,94866,94880,94883,94885,94924,94926,94939,94947,94952,94968,94971,94973,94975,94996,95013,95016,95075,95077,95096,95101,95107,95110,95144,95146,95159,95162,95207,95209,95232,95239,95245,95248,95289,95291,95305,95308,95366,95368,95383,95396,95402,95408,95473,95475,95494,95496,95514,95517,95521,95527,95529,95562,95564,95577,95587,95590,95651,95653,95674,95677,95679,95695,95700,95704,95709,95714,95770,95772,95790,95793,95838,95840,95848,95853,95857,95871,95873,95905,95907,95916,95918,95922,95931,95934,95966,95968,95980,95983,95987,95992,96033,96035,96043,96046,96069,96073,96075,96084,96087,96140,96142,96151,96155,96160,96171,96173,96182,96185,96191,96194,96200,96210,96218,96225,96227,96249],[10,94853,3908,94855,3912],{"id":94854},"python-round-function-explained",[17,94856,94857],{},"round()",[14,94859,9473,94860,94862],{},[17,94861,94857],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94864,94865],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[167,94867,94868,94874],{},[170,94869,94870,94873],{},[17,94871,94872],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[170,94875,94876,94879],{},[17,94877,94878],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94881,94882],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[28,94884,31],{"id":30},[33,94886,94888],{"className":35,"code":94887,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[17,94889,94890,94906],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94891,94892,94894,94896,94899,94901,94904],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94893,284],{"class":52},[42,94895,57],{"class":56},[42,94897,94898],{"class":52},"round",[42,94900,57],{"class":56},[42,94902,94903],{"class":2348},"3.14159",[42,94905,842],{"class":56},[42,94907,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94909,284],{"class":52},[42,94911,57],{"class":56},[42,94913,94898],{"class":52},[42,94915,57],{"class":56},[42,94917,94903],{"class":2348},[42,94919,70],{"class":56},[42,94921,3325],{"class":2348},[42,94923,842],{"class":56},[14,94925,2395],{},[33,94927,94929],{"className":35,"code":94928,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3\n3.14\n",[17,94930,94931,94935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94932,94933],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94934,46980],{"class":2348},[42,94936,94937],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,94938,40540],{"class":2348},[14,94940,146,94941,94943,94944,94946],{},[17,94942,94872],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[17,94945,94878],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[28,94948,4013,94950,4016],{"id":94949},"what-round-does",[17,94951,94857],{},[167,94953,94954,94959,94962,94965],{},[170,94955,94956,94958],{},[17,94957,94857],{}," is a built-in Python function",[170,94960,94961],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[170,94963,94964],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[170,94966,94967],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94969,94970],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[28,94972,312],{"id":311},[14,94974,2484],{},[33,94976,94978],{"className":35,"code":94977,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[17,94979,94980],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,94981,94982,94984,94986,94988,94991,94994],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,94983,94898],{"class":52},[42,94985,57],{"class":56},[42,94987,2565],{"class":125},[42,94989,94990],{"class":56},"[,",[42,94992,94993],{"class":125}," ndigits",[42,94995,4226],{"class":56},[167,94997,94998,95003,95008],{},[170,94999,95000,95002],{},[17,95001,2565],{}," is the value to round",[170,95004,95005,20397],{},[17,95006,95007],{},"ndigits",[170,95009,95010,95012],{},[17,95011,95007],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,95014,95015],{},"Basic examples:",[33,95017,95019],{"className":35,"code":95018,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[17,95020,95021,95036,95054],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95022,95023,95025,95027,95029,95031,95034],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95024,284],{"class":52},[42,95026,57],{"class":56},[42,95028,94898],{"class":52},[42,95030,57],{"class":56},[42,95032,95033],{"class":2348},"7.8",[42,95035,842],{"class":56},[42,95037,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95039,284],{"class":52},[42,95041,57],{"class":56},[42,95043,94898],{"class":52},[42,95045,57],{"class":56},[42,95047,95033],{"class":2348},[42,95049,70],{"class":56},[42,95051,5842],{"class":2348},[42,95053,842],{"class":56},[42,95055,95056,95058,95060,95062,95064,95067,95069,95071,95073],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95057,284],{"class":52},[42,95059,57],{"class":56},[42,95061,94898],{"class":52},[42,95063,57],{"class":56},[42,95065,95066],{"class":2348},"1234",[42,95068,70],{"class":56},[42,95070,2547],{"class":87},[42,95072,2381],{"class":2348},[42,95074,842],{"class":56},[14,95076,2395],{},[33,95078,95080],{"className":35,"code":95079,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[17,95081,95082,95086,95091],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95083,95084],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95085,2710],{"class":2348},[42,95087,95088],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95089,95090],{"class":2348},"7.8\n",[42,95092,95093],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95094,95095],{"class":2348},"1200\n",[14,95097,95098,95099,122],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[693,95100,2749],{"href":2748},[28,95102,1940,95104,95106],{"id":95103},"using-round-with-one-argument",[17,95105,94857],{}," with one argument",[14,95108,95109],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[33,95111,95113],{"className":35,"code":95112,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[17,95114,95115,95129],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95116,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125,95127],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95118,284],{"class":52},[42,95120,57],{"class":56},[42,95122,94898],{"class":52},[42,95124,57],{"class":56},[42,95126,2691],{"class":2348},[42,95128,842],{"class":56},[42,95130,95131,95133,95135,95137,95139,95142],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95132,284],{"class":52},[42,95134,57],{"class":56},[42,95136,94898],{"class":52},[42,95138,57],{"class":56},[42,95140,95141],{"class":2348},"4.8",[42,95143,842],{"class":56},[14,95145,2395],{},[33,95147,95149],{"className":35,"code":95148,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"4\n5\n",[17,95150,95151,95155],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95152,95153],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95154,49012],{"class":2348},[42,95156,95157],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95158,3278],{"class":2348},[14,95160,95161],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[33,95163,95165],{"className":35,"code":95164,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,95166,95167,95183,95193],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95168,95169,95171,95173,95176,95178,95181],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95170,2555],{"class":114},[42,95172,88],{"class":87},[42,95174,95175],{"class":52}," round",[42,95177,57],{"class":56},[42,95179,95180],{"class":2348},"10.2",[42,95182,143],{"class":56},[42,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95186,284],{"class":52},[42,95188,57],{"class":56},[42,95190,2592],{"class":125},[42,95192,143],{"class":56},[42,95194,95195,95197,95199,95201,95203,95205],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95196,284],{"class":52},[42,95198,57],{"class":56},[42,95200,835],{"class":834},[42,95202,57],{"class":56},[42,95204,2592],{"class":125},[42,95206,842],{"class":56},[14,95208,2395],{},[33,95210,95212],{"className":35,"code":95211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,95213,95214,95218],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95215,95216],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95217,2705],{"class":2348},[42,95219,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95221,855],{"class":87},[42,95223,859],{"class":858},[42,95225,862],{"class":60},[42,95227,2513],{"class":64},[42,95229,868],{"class":60},[42,95231,871],{"class":87},[14,95233,95234,95235,122],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[693,95236,3908,95237,3841],{"href":3206},[17,95238,3209],{},[28,95240,1940,95242,95244],{"id":95241},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[17,95243,94857],{}," with decimal places",[14,95246,95247],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[33,95249,95251],{"className":35,"code":95250,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[17,95252,95253,95271],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95254,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95256,284],{"class":52},[42,95258,57],{"class":56},[42,95260,94898],{"class":52},[42,95262,57],{"class":56},[42,95264,94903],{"class":2348},[42,95266,70],{"class":56},[42,95268,3325],{"class":2348},[42,95270,842],{"class":56},[42,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95274,284],{"class":52},[42,95276,57],{"class":56},[42,95278,94898],{"class":52},[42,95280,57],{"class":56},[42,95282,94903],{"class":2348},[42,95284,70],{"class":56},[42,95286,2781],{"class":2348},[42,95288,842],{"class":56},[14,95290,2395],{},[33,95292,95294],{"className":35,"code":95293,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3.14\n3.142\n",[17,95295,95296,95300],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95297,95298],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95299,40540],{"class":2348},[42,95301,95302],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95303,95304],{"class":2348},"3.142\n",[14,95306,95307],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[33,95309,95311],{"className":35,"code":95310,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[17,95312,95313,95322,95341,95345,95355],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95314,95315,95317,95319],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95316,40750],{"class":114},[42,95318,88],{"class":87},[42,95320,95321],{"class":2348}," 19.9876\n",[42,95323,95324,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337,95339],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95325,95326],{"class":114},"rounded_price ",[42,95328,88],{"class":87},[42,95330,95175],{"class":52},[42,95332,57],{"class":56},[42,95334,25507],{"class":125},[42,95336,70],{"class":56},[42,95338,3325],{"class":2348},[42,95340,143],{"class":56},[42,95342,95343],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95344,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,95346,95347,95349,95351,95353],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,95348,284],{"class":52},[42,95350,57],{"class":56},[42,95352,25507],{"class":125},[42,95354,143],{"class":56},[42,95356,95357,95359,95361,95364],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,95358,284],{"class":52},[42,95360,57],{"class":56},[42,95362,95363],{"class":125},"rounded_price",[42,95365,143],{"class":56},[14,95367,2395],{},[33,95369,95371],{"className":35,"code":95370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[17,95372,95373,95378],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95374,95375],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95376,95377],{"class":2348},"19.9876\n",[42,95379,95380],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95381,95382],{"class":2348},"19.99\n",[14,95384,95385,95386,95389,95390,1327,95392,122],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[17,95387,95388],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[693,95391,41255],{"href":41254},[693,95393,3908,95394,3841],{"href":3212},[17,95395,3215],{},[28,95397,95399,95400],{"id":95398},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[17,95401,95007],{},[14,95403,95404,95405,95407],{},"A negative ",[17,95406,95007],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[33,95409,95411],{"className":35,"code":95410,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[17,95412,95413,95433,95453],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95414,95415,95417,95419,95421,95423,95425,95427,95429,95431],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95416,284],{"class":52},[42,95418,57],{"class":56},[42,95420,94898],{"class":52},[42,95422,57],{"class":56},[42,95424,95066],{"class":2348},[42,95426,70],{"class":56},[42,95428,2547],{"class":87},[42,95430,3320],{"class":2348},[42,95432,842],{"class":56},[42,95434,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449,95451],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95436,284],{"class":52},[42,95438,57],{"class":56},[42,95440,94898],{"class":52},[42,95442,57],{"class":56},[42,95444,95066],{"class":2348},[42,95446,70],{"class":56},[42,95448,2547],{"class":87},[42,95450,2381],{"class":2348},[42,95452,842],{"class":56},[42,95454,95455,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95456,284],{"class":52},[42,95458,57],{"class":56},[42,95460,94898],{"class":52},[42,95462,57],{"class":56},[42,95464,95066],{"class":2348},[42,95466,70],{"class":56},[42,95468,2547],{"class":87},[42,95470,2387],{"class":2348},[42,95472,842],{"class":56},[14,95474,2395],{},[33,95476,95478],{"className":35,"code":95477,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[17,95479,95480,95485,95489],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95481,95482],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95483,95484],{"class":2348},"1230\n",[42,95486,95487],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95488,95095],{"class":2348},[42,95490,95491],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95492,95493],{"class":2348},"1000\n",[14,95495,65948],{},[167,95497,95498,95503,95509],{},[170,95499,95500,95502],{},[17,95501,66218],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[170,95504,95505,95508],{},[17,95506,95507],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[170,95510,95511,95513],{},[17,95512,48032],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95515,95516],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[28,95518,95520],{"id":95519},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95522,95523,95524,122],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[17,95525,95526],{},".5",[14,95528,5816],{},[33,95530,95532],{"className":35,"code":95531,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[17,95533,95534,95548],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95535,95536,95538,95540,95542,95544,95546],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95537,284],{"class":52},[42,95539,57],{"class":56},[42,95541,94898],{"class":52},[42,95543,57],{"class":56},[42,95545,41521],{"class":2348},[42,95547,842],{"class":56},[42,95549,95550,95552,95554,95556,95558,95560],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95551,284],{"class":52},[42,95553,57],{"class":56},[42,95555,94898],{"class":52},[42,95557,57],{"class":56},[42,95559,2364],{"class":2348},[42,95561,842],{"class":56},[14,95563,2395],{},[33,95565,95567],{"className":35,"code":95566,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"2\n4\n",[17,95568,95569,95573],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95570,95571],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95572,17415],{"class":2348},[42,95574,95575],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95576,49012],{"class":2348},[14,95578,95579,95580,95583,95584,95586],{},"Python uses ",[177,95581,95582],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[17,95585,95526],{}," situations.",[14,95588,95589],{},"More examples:",[33,95591,95593],{"className":35,"code":95592,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[17,95594,95595,95609,95623,95637],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95596,95597,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95598,284],{"class":52},[42,95600,57],{"class":56},[42,95602,94898],{"class":52},[42,95604,57],{"class":56},[42,95606,41534],{"class":2348},[42,95608,842],{"class":56},[42,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619,95621],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95612,284],{"class":52},[42,95614,57],{"class":56},[42,95616,94898],{"class":52},[42,95618,57],{"class":56},[42,95620,41521],{"class":2348},[42,95622,842],{"class":56},[42,95624,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633,95635],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95626,284],{"class":52},[42,95628,57],{"class":56},[42,95630,94898],{"class":52},[42,95632,57],{"class":56},[42,95634,2364],{"class":2348},[42,95636,842],{"class":56},[42,95638,95639,95641,95643,95645,95647,95649],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,95640,284],{"class":52},[42,95642,57],{"class":56},[42,95644,94898],{"class":52},[42,95646,57],{"class":56},[42,95648,41486],{"class":2348},[42,95650,842],{"class":56},[14,95652,2395],{},[33,95654,95656],{"className":35,"code":95655,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[17,95657,95658,95662,95666,95670],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95659,95660],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95661,17415],{"class":2348},[42,95663,95664],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95665,17415],{"class":2348},[42,95667,95668],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95669,49012],{"class":2348},[42,95671,95672],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,95673,49012],{"class":2348},[14,95675,95676],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95678,11065],{},[167,95680,95681,95688],{},[170,95682,95683,2458,95686],{},[17,95684,95685],{},"round(2.5)",[17,95687,2381],{},[170,95689,95690,2458,95693],{},[17,95691,95692],{},"round(3.5)",[17,95694,2836],{},[14,95696,3503,95697,95699],{},[17,95698,95526],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[28,95701,95703],{"id":95702},"return-values","Return values",[14,95705,95706,95708],{},[17,95707,94857],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95710,175,95711,95713],{},[177,95712,179],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[33,95715,95717],{"className":35,"code":95716,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[17,95718,95719,95728,95732,95742,95760],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95720,95721,95723,95725],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95722,2776],{"class":114},[42,95724,88],{"class":87},[42,95726,95727],{"class":2348}," 3.14159\n",[42,95729,95730],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95731,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,95733,95734,95736,95738,95740],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95735,284],{"class":52},[42,95737,57],{"class":56},[42,95739,2803],{"class":125},[42,95741,143],{"class":56},[42,95743,95744,95746,95748,95750,95752,95754,95756,95758],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,95745,284],{"class":52},[42,95747,57],{"class":56},[42,95749,94898],{"class":52},[42,95751,57],{"class":56},[42,95753,2803],{"class":125},[42,95755,70],{"class":56},[42,95757,3325],{"class":2348},[42,95759,842],{"class":56},[42,95761,95762,95764,95766,95768],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,95763,284],{"class":52},[42,95765,57],{"class":56},[42,95767,2803],{"class":125},[42,95769,143],{"class":56},[14,95771,2395],{},[33,95773,95775],{"className":35,"code":95774,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[17,95776,95777,95782,95786],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95778,95779],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95780,95781],{"class":2348},"3.14159\n",[42,95783,95784],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95785,40540],{"class":2348},[42,95787,95788],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95789,95781],{"class":2348},[14,95791,95792],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[33,95794,95796],{"className":35,"code":95795,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[17,95797,95798,95806,95824,95828],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95799,95800,95802,95804],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95801,2776],{"class":114},[42,95803,88],{"class":87},[42,95805,95727],{"class":2348},[42,95807,95808,95810,95812,95814,95816,95818,95820,95822],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95809,2776],{"class":114},[42,95811,88],{"class":87},[42,95813,95175],{"class":52},[42,95815,57],{"class":56},[42,95817,2803],{"class":125},[42,95819,70],{"class":56},[42,95821,3325],{"class":2348},[42,95823,143],{"class":56},[42,95825,95826],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,95827,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,95829,95830,95832,95834,95836],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,95831,284],{"class":52},[42,95833,57],{"class":56},[42,95835,2803],{"class":125},[42,95837,143],{"class":56},[14,95839,2395],{},[33,95841,95842],{"className":35,"code":40540,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,95843,95844],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95845,95846],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95847,40540],{"class":2348},[28,95849,5303,95851],{"id":95850},"when-to-use-round",[17,95852,94857],{},[14,95854,146,95855,6664],{},[17,95856,94857],{},[167,95858,95859,95862,95865,95868],{},[170,95860,95861],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[170,95863,95864],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[170,95866,95867],{},"Round values before reporting results",[170,95869,95870],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95872,5816],{},[33,95874,95876],{"className":35,"code":95875,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[17,95877,95878,95887],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95879,95880,95882,95884],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95881,2928],{"class":114},[42,95883,88],{"class":87},[42,95885,95886],{"class":2348}," 12.67891\n",[42,95888,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95890,284],{"class":52},[42,95892,57],{"class":56},[42,95894,94898],{"class":52},[42,95896,57],{"class":56},[42,95898,2951],{"class":125},[42,95900,70],{"class":56},[42,95902,3325],{"class":2348},[42,95904,842],{"class":56},[14,95906,2395],{},[33,95908,95910],{"className":35,"code":95909,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"12.68\n",[17,95911,95912],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95913,95914],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95915,95909],{"class":2348},[28,95917,1929],{"id":1928},[14,95919,23452,95920,122],{},[17,95921,94857],{},[1073,95923,8803,95925,95927,95928,95930],{"id":95924},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[17,95926,94857],{}," to always round ",[17,95929,95526],{}," upward",[14,95932,95933],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[33,95935,95936],{"className":35,"code":95531,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,95937,95938,95952],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95939,95940,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95941,284],{"class":52},[42,95943,57],{"class":56},[42,95945,94898],{"class":52},[42,95947,57],{"class":56},[42,95949,41521],{"class":2348},[42,95951,842],{"class":56},[42,95953,95954,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95955,284],{"class":52},[42,95957,57],{"class":56},[42,95959,94898],{"class":52},[42,95961,57],{"class":56},[42,95963,2364],{"class":2348},[42,95965,842],{"class":56},[14,95967,2395],{},[33,95969,95970],{"className":35,"code":95566,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,95971,95972,95976],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95973,95974],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,95975,17415],{"class":2348},[42,95977,95978],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,95979,49012],{"class":2348},[14,95981,95982],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1073,95984,95986],{"id":95985},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95988,95989,95991],{},[17,95990,94857],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[33,95993,95995],{"className":35,"code":95994,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[17,95996,95997,96005,96019,96023],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,95998,95999,96001,96003],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96000,2776],{"class":114},[42,96002,88],{"class":87},[42,96004,95727],{"class":2348},[42,96006,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015,96017],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96008,94898],{"class":52},[42,96010,57],{"class":56},[42,96012,2803],{"class":125},[42,96014,70],{"class":56},[42,96016,3325],{"class":2348},[42,96018,143],{"class":56},[42,96020,96021],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96022,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,96024,96025,96027,96029,96031],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,96026,284],{"class":52},[42,96028,57],{"class":56},[42,96030,2803],{"class":125},[42,96032,143],{"class":56},[14,96034,2395],{},[33,96036,96037],{"className":35,"code":95781,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,96038,96039],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96040,96041],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96042,95781],{"class":2348},[14,96044,96045],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[33,96047,96049],{"className":35,"code":96048,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[17,96050,96051],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96052,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96054,2776],{"class":114},[42,96056,88],{"class":87},[42,96058,95175],{"class":52},[42,96060,57],{"class":56},[42,96062,2803],{"class":125},[42,96064,70],{"class":56},[42,96066,3325],{"class":2348},[42,96068,143],{"class":56},[1073,96070,96072],{"id":96071},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,96074,16759],{},[33,96076,96078],{"className":35,"code":96077,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[17,96079,96080],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96081,96082],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96083,96077],{"class":525},[14,96085,96086],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[33,96088,96090],{"className":35,"code":96089,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[17,96091,96092,96104,96118,96122],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96093,96094,96096,96098,96100,96102],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96095,35048],{"class":114},[42,96097,88],{"class":87},[42,96099,73],{"class":60},[42,96101,40506],{"class":64},[42,96103,3689],{"class":60},[42,96105,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114,96116],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96107,2542],{"class":114},[42,96109,88],{"class":87},[42,96111,40618],{"class":834},[42,96113,57],{"class":56},[42,96115,444],{"class":125},[42,96117,143],{"class":56},[42,96119,96120],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96121,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,96123,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134,96136,96138],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,96125,284],{"class":52},[42,96127,57],{"class":56},[42,96129,94898],{"class":52},[42,96131,57],{"class":56},[42,96133,2565],{"class":125},[42,96135,70],{"class":56},[42,96137,5842],{"class":2348},[42,96139,842],{"class":56},[14,96141,2395],{},[33,96143,96145],{"className":35,"code":96144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3.1\n",[17,96146,96147],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96148,96149],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96150,96144],{"class":2348},[1073,96152,96154],{"id":96153},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,96156,96157,96159],{},[17,96158,94857],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,96161,96162,96163,1327,96167,122],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[693,96164,96165],{"href":3212},[17,96166,3215],{},[693,96168,96169],{"href":3206},[17,96170,3209],{},[28,96172,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,96174,13060,96176,96178,96179,96181],{"id":96175},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[17,96177,94857],{}," always round ",[17,96180,40577],{}," up?",[14,96183,96184],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1073,96186,13060,96188,96190],{"id":96187},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[17,96189,94857],{}," change the original number?",[14,96192,96193],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1073,96195,5513,96197,96199],{"id":96196},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[17,96198,94857],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,96201,96202,96203,96205,96206,1327,96208,122],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[17,96204,95007],{}," value like ",[17,96207,66218],{},[17,96209,95507],{},[1073,96211,28687,96213,96215,96216,2823],{"id":96212},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[17,96214,94857],{}," on a string like ",[17,96217,48456],{},[14,96219,96220,96221,1327,96223,122],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[17,96222,3215],{},[17,96224,3209],{},[28,96226,2205],{"id":2204},[167,96228,96229,96235,96241,96245],{},[170,96230,96231],{},[693,96232,3908,96233,3841],{"href":3212},[17,96234,3215],{},[170,96236,96237],{},[693,96238,3908,96239,3841],{"href":3206},[17,96240,3209],{},[170,96242,96243],{},[693,96244,2749],{"href":2748},[170,96246,96247],{},[693,96248,42544],{"href":41254},[2245,96250,96251],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":96253},[96254,96255,96257,96258,96260,96262,96264,96265,96266,96268,96275,96285],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":94949,"depth":111,"text":96256},"What round() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":95103,"depth":111,"text":96259},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95241,"depth":111,"text":96261},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95398,"depth":111,"text":96263},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95519,"depth":111,"text":95520},{"id":95702,"depth":111,"text":95703},{"id":95850,"depth":111,"text":96267},"When to use round()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":96269},[96270,96272,96273,96274],{"id":95924,"depth":132,"text":96271},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95985,"depth":132,"text":95986},{"id":96071,"depth":132,"text":96072},{"id":96153,"depth":132,"text":96154},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":96276},[96277,96279,96281,96283],{"id":96175,"depth":132,"text":96278},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96187,"depth":132,"text":96280},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96196,"depth":132,"text":96282},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96212,"depth":132,"text":96284},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94849,"description":96286},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96293,"title":96294,"body":96295,"description":97480,"extension":2285,"meta":97481,"navigation":2287,"path":97482,"seo":97483,"stem":97484,"__hash__":97485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96296,"toc":97454},[96297,96304,96310,96313,96315,96364,96368,96393,96398,96403,96408,96422,96433,96435,96454,96456,96472,96475,96486,96488,96490,96551,96555,96588,96595,96602,96605,96638,96641,96645,96648,96701,96705,96726,96732,96739,96746,96807,96815,96892,96896,96908,96917,96919,96925,96931,96935,96988,96991,97049,97053,97061,97064,97068,97071,97081,97083,97180,97183,97194,97197,97240,97244,97268,97271,97277,97279,97283,97308,97310,97377,97386,97388,97394,97399,97403,97406,97410,97417,97421,97426,97428,97445,97451],[10,96298,96300,96301,11676],{"id":96299},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[17,96302,96303],{},"add()",[14,96305,96306,96309],{},[17,96307,96308],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,96311,96312],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[28,96314,31],{"id":30},[33,96316,96318],{"className":35,"code":96317,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,96319,96320,96340,96354],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96321,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96323,3952],{"class":114},[42,96325,88],{"class":87},[42,96327,10842],{"class":56},[42,96329,3320],{"class":2348},[42,96331,70],{"class":56},[42,96333,3325],{"class":2348},[42,96335,70],{"class":56},[42,96337,2781],{"class":2348},[42,96339,9659],{"class":56},[42,96341,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96343,3984],{"class":114},[42,96345,122],{"class":56},[42,96347,82468],{"class":125},[42,96349,57],{"class":56},[42,96351,2836],{"class":2348},[42,96353,143],{"class":56},[42,96355,96356,96358,96360,96362],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96357,284],{"class":52},[42,96359,57],{"class":56},[42,96361,3984],{"class":125},[42,96363,143],{"class":56},[14,96365,96366],{},[177,96367,2395],{},[33,96369,96371],{"className":35,"code":96370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,96372,96373],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96376,9628],{"class":56},[42,96378,3320],{"class":2348},[42,96380,70],{"class":56},[42,96382,3325],{"class":2348},[42,96384,70],{"class":56},[42,96386,2781],{"class":2348},[42,96388,70],{"class":56},[42,96390,2787],{"class":2348},[42,96392,9659],{"class":56},[14,96394,146,96395,96397],{},[17,96396,96303],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[28,96399,4013,96401,4016],{"id":96400},"what-setadd-does",[17,96402,96308],{},[14,96404,96405,96407],{},[17,96406,96308],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[167,96409,96410,96413,96416,96419],{},[170,96411,96412],{},"Adds one item to a set",[170,96414,96415],{},"Changes the original set in place",[170,96417,96418],{},"Does not return a new set",[170,96420,96421],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,96423,96424,96425,1327,96429,122],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[693,96426,96428],{"href":96427},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[693,96430,96432],{"href":96431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[28,96434,312],{"id":311},[33,96436,96438],{"className":35,"code":96437,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set.add(item)\n",[17,96439,96440],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96441,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450,96452],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96443,16024],{"class":114},[42,96445,122],{"class":56},[42,96447,82468],{"class":125},[42,96449,57],{"class":56},[42,96451,23668],{"class":125},[42,96453,143],{"class":56},[14,96455,165],{},[167,96457,96458,96463,96466],{},[170,96459,56273,96460,96462],{},[17,96461,96303],{}," on an existing set",[170,96464,96465],{},"Pass exactly one item",[170,96467,96468,96469],{},"The item must be ",[177,96470,96471],{},"hashable",[14,96473,96474],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[167,96476,96477,96479,96481,96484],{},[170,96478,56826],{},[170,96480,56829],{},[170,96482,96483],{},"Tuples",[170,96485,40958],{},[28,96487,11829],{"id":11828},[14,96489,11832],{},[33,96491,96493],{"className":35,"code":96492,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,96494,96495,96519,96537,96541],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96496,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96498,13433],{"class":114},[42,96500,88],{"class":87},[42,96502,10842],{"class":56},[42,96504,61],{"class":60},[42,96506,13450],{"class":64},[42,96508,61],{"class":60},[42,96510,70],{"class":56},[42,96512,73],{"class":60},[42,96514,13467],{"class":64},[42,96516,61],{"class":60},[42,96518,9659],{"class":56},[42,96520,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531,96533,96535],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96522,17861],{"class":114},[42,96524,122],{"class":56},[42,96526,82468],{"class":125},[42,96528,57],{"class":56},[42,96530,61],{"class":60},[42,96532,17814],{"class":64},[42,96534,61],{"class":60},[42,96536,143],{"class":56},[42,96538,96539],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96540,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,96542,96543,96545,96547,96549],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,96544,284],{"class":52},[42,96546,57],{"class":56},[42,96548,17861],{"class":125},[42,96550,143],{"class":56},[14,96552,96553],{},[177,96554,845],{},[33,96556,96558],{"className":35,"code":96557,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[17,96559,96560],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96561,96562,96564,96566,96568,96570,96572,96574,96576,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96563,9628],{"class":56},[42,96565,868],{"class":60},[42,96567,13450],{"class":64},[42,96569,868],{"class":60},[42,96571,70],{"class":56},[42,96573,862],{"class":60},[42,96575,17814],{"class":64},[42,96577,868],{"class":60},[42,96579,70],{"class":56},[42,96581,862],{"class":60},[42,96583,13467],{"class":64},[42,96585,868],{"class":60},[42,96587,9659],{"class":56},[14,96589,96590,96591,96594],{},"The new value ",[17,96592,96593],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96596,96597,96598,96601],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[177,96599,96600],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96603,96604],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[33,96606,96608],{"className":35,"code":96607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[17,96609,96610],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96611,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96613,9628],{"class":56},[42,96615,868],{"class":60},[42,96617,13467],{"class":64},[42,96619,868],{"class":60},[42,96621,70],{"class":56},[42,96623,862],{"class":60},[42,96625,13450],{"class":64},[42,96627,868],{"class":60},[42,96629,70],{"class":56},[42,96631,862],{"class":60},[42,96633,17814],{"class":64},[42,96635,868],{"class":60},[42,96637,9659],{"class":56},[14,96639,96640],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[28,96642,96644],{"id":96643},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96646,96647],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[33,96649,96651],{"className":35,"code":96650,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,96652,96653,96673,96687,96691],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96654,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96656,3952],{"class":114},[42,96658,88],{"class":87},[42,96660,10842],{"class":56},[42,96662,3320],{"class":2348},[42,96664,70],{"class":56},[42,96666,3325],{"class":2348},[42,96668,70],{"class":56},[42,96670,2781],{"class":2348},[42,96672,9659],{"class":56},[42,96674,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96676,3984],{"class":114},[42,96678,122],{"class":56},[42,96680,82468],{"class":125},[42,96682,57],{"class":56},[42,96684,2381],{"class":2348},[42,96686,143],{"class":56},[42,96688,96689],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96690,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,96692,96693,96695,96697,96699],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,96694,284],{"class":52},[42,96696,57],{"class":56},[42,96698,3984],{"class":125},[42,96700,143],{"class":56},[14,96702,96703],{},[177,96704,2395],{},[33,96706,96708],{"className":35,"code":96707,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[17,96709,96710],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96711,96712,96714,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96713,9628],{"class":56},[42,96715,3320],{"class":2348},[42,96717,70],{"class":56},[42,96719,3325],{"class":2348},[42,96721,70],{"class":56},[42,96723,2781],{"class":2348},[42,96725,9659],{"class":56},[14,96727,96728,96729,96731],{},"The set stays the same because ",[17,96730,2381],{}," was already present.",[28,96733,96735,10937,96737],{"id":96734},"add-vs-update",[17,96736,96303],{},[17,96738,15311],{},[14,96740,146,96741,96743,96744,122],{},[17,96742,96303],{}," when you want to add ",[177,96745,53020],{},[33,96747,96749],{"className":35,"code":96748,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,96750,96751,96775,96793,96797],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96752,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96754,36450],{"class":114},[42,96756,88],{"class":87},[42,96758,10842],{"class":56},[42,96760,61],{"class":60},[42,96762,693],{"class":64},[42,96764,61],{"class":60},[42,96766,70],{"class":56},[42,96768,73],{"class":60},[42,96770,5102],{"class":64},[42,96772,61],{"class":60},[42,96774,9659],{"class":56},[42,96776,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96778,36503],{"class":114},[42,96780,122],{"class":56},[42,96782,82468],{"class":125},[42,96784,57],{"class":56},[42,96786,61],{"class":60},[42,96788,10090],{"class":64},[42,96790,61],{"class":60},[42,96792,143],{"class":56},[42,96794,96795],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96796,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,96798,96799,96801,96803,96805],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,96800,284],{"class":52},[42,96802,57],{"class":56},[42,96804,36503],{"class":125},[42,96806,143],{"class":56},[14,96808,146,96809,96743,96811,96814],{},[17,96810,15311],{},[177,96812,96813],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[33,96816,96818],{"className":35,"code":96817,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[17,96819,96820,96844,96878,96882],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96821,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830,96832,96834,96836,96838,96840,96842],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96823,36450],{"class":114},[42,96825,88],{"class":87},[42,96827,10842],{"class":56},[42,96829,61],{"class":60},[42,96831,693],{"class":64},[42,96833,61],{"class":60},[42,96835,70],{"class":56},[42,96837,73],{"class":60},[42,96839,5102],{"class":64},[42,96841,61],{"class":60},[42,96843,9659],{"class":56},[42,96845,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870,96872,96874,96876],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96847,36503],{"class":114},[42,96849,122],{"class":56},[42,96851,30823],{"class":125},[42,96853,3317],{"class":56},[42,96855,61],{"class":60},[42,96857,10090],{"class":64},[42,96859,61],{"class":60},[42,96861,70],{"class":56},[42,96863,73],{"class":60},[42,96865,19126],{"class":64},[42,96867,61],{"class":60},[42,96869,70],{"class":56},[42,96871,73],{"class":60},[42,96873,60813],{"class":64},[42,96875,61],{"class":60},[42,96877,4226],{"class":56},[42,96879,96880],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96881,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,96883,96884,96886,96888,96890],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,96885,284],{"class":52},[42,96887,57],{"class":56},[42,96889,36503],{"class":125},[42,96891,143],{"class":56},[1073,96893,96895],{"id":96894},"key-difference","Key difference",[167,96897,96898,96903],{},[170,96899,96900,96902],{},[17,96901,96303],{}," adds one item",[170,96904,96905,96907],{},[17,96906,15311],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96909,96910,96911,122],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[693,96912,96914,96915,11093],{"href":96913},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[17,96916,15311],{},[28,96918,17778],{"id":17777},[14,96920,96921,2726,96923,122],{},[17,96922,96308],{},[17,96924,4115],{},[14,96926,96927,96928,96930],{},"That means you should ",[177,96929,179],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1073,96932,96934],{"id":96933},"correct","Correct",[33,96936,96938],{"className":35,"code":96937,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,96939,96940,96960,96974,96978],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96941,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950,96952,96954,96956,96958],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96943,15986],{"class":114},[42,96945,88],{"class":87},[42,96947,10842],{"class":56},[42,96949,3320],{"class":2348},[42,96951,70],{"class":56},[42,96953,3325],{"class":2348},[42,96955,70],{"class":56},[42,96957,2781],{"class":2348},[42,96959,9659],{"class":56},[42,96961,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970,96972],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,96963,16024],{"class":114},[42,96965,122],{"class":56},[42,96967,82468],{"class":125},[42,96969,57],{"class":56},[42,96971,2836],{"class":2348},[42,96973,143],{"class":56},[42,96975,96976],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,96977,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,96979,96980,96982,96984,96986],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,96981,284],{"class":52},[42,96983,57],{"class":56},[42,96985,16024],{"class":125},[42,96987,143],{"class":56},[1073,96989,96990],{"id":62133},"Wrong",[33,96992,96994],{"className":35,"code":96993,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,96995,96996,97016,97035,97039],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,96997,96998,97000,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012,97014],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,96999,15986],{"class":114},[42,97001,88],{"class":87},[42,97003,10842],{"class":56},[42,97005,3320],{"class":2348},[42,97007,70],{"class":56},[42,97009,3325],{"class":2348},[42,97011,70],{"class":56},[42,97013,2781],{"class":2348},[42,97015,9659],{"class":56},[42,97017,97018,97020,97022,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97019,15986],{"class":114},[42,97021,88],{"class":87},[42,97023,97024],{"class":114}," my_set",[42,97026,122],{"class":56},[42,97028,82468],{"class":125},[42,97030,57],{"class":56},[42,97032,2836],{"class":2348},[42,97034,143],{"class":56},[42,97036,97037],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,97038,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97040,97041,97043,97045,97047],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,97042,284],{"class":52},[42,97044,57],{"class":56},[42,97046,16024],{"class":125},[42,97048,143],{"class":56},[14,97050,97051],{},[177,97052,2395],{},[33,97054,97055],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,97056,97057],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97058,97059],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97060,12163],{"class":4190},[14,97062,97063],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[28,97065,97067],{"id":97066},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,97069,97070],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[167,97072,97073,97075,97077,97079],{},[170,97074,56826],{},[170,97076,56829],{},[170,97078,96483],{},[170,97080,40958],{},[14,97082,219],{},[33,97084,97086],{"className":35,"code":97085,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[17,97087,97088,97098,97102,97116,97134,97152,97166,97170],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97089,97090,97092,97094,97096],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97091,8128],{"class":114},[42,97093,88],{"class":87},[42,97095,15991],{"class":834},[42,97097,129],{"class":56},[42,97099,97100],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97101,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97103,97104,97106,97108,97110,97112,97114],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,97105,8159],{"class":114},[42,97107,122],{"class":56},[42,97109,82468],{"class":125},[42,97111,57],{"class":56},[42,97113,2659],{"class":2348},[42,97115,143],{"class":56},[42,97117,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,97119,8159],{"class":114},[42,97121,122],{"class":56},[42,97123,82468],{"class":125},[42,97125,57],{"class":56},[42,97127,61],{"class":60},[42,97129,4183],{"class":64},[42,97131,61],{"class":60},[42,97133,143],{"class":56},[42,97135,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,97137,8159],{"class":114},[42,97139,122],{"class":56},[42,97141,82468],{"class":125},[42,97143,5855],{"class":56},[42,97145,3320],{"class":2348},[42,97147,70],{"class":56},[42,97149,3325],{"class":2348},[42,97151,842],{"class":56},[42,97153,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,97155,8159],{"class":114},[42,97157,122],{"class":56},[42,97159,82468],{"class":125},[42,97161,57],{"class":56},[42,97163,3937],{"class":4190},[42,97165,143],{"class":56},[42,97167,97168],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,97169,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97171,97172,97174,97176,97178],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,97173,284],{"class":52},[42,97175,57],{"class":56},[42,97177,8159],{"class":125},[42,97179,143],{"class":56},[14,97181,97182],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[167,97184,97185,97188,97191],{},[170,97186,97187],{},"Lists",[170,97189,97190],{},"Dictionaries",[170,97192,97193],{},"Sets",[14,97195,97196],{},"Example that causes an error:",[33,97198,97200],{"className":35,"code":97199,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[17,97201,97202,97222],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97203,97204,97206,97208,97210,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97205,8128],{"class":114},[42,97207,88],{"class":87},[42,97209,10842],{"class":56},[42,97211,3320],{"class":2348},[42,97213,70],{"class":56},[42,97215,3325],{"class":2348},[42,97217,70],{"class":56},[42,97219,2781],{"class":2348},[42,97221,9659],{"class":56},[42,97223,97224,97226,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236,97238],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97225,8159],{"class":114},[42,97227,122],{"class":56},[42,97229,82468],{"class":125},[42,97231,3317],{"class":56},[42,97233,2836],{"class":2348},[42,97235,70],{"class":56},[42,97237,4946],{"class":2348},[42,97239,4226],{"class":56},[14,97241,97242],{},[177,97243,30040],{},[33,97245,97247],{"className":35,"code":97246,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[17,97248,97249],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97250,97251,97253,97255,97258,97260,97262,97264,97266],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97252,3338],{"class":834},[42,97254,1935],{"class":56},[42,97256,97257],{"class":114}," unhashable ",[42,97259,835],{"class":834},[42,97261,1935],{"class":56},[42,97263,862],{"class":60},[42,97265,8443],{"class":64},[42,97267,30059],{"class":60},[14,97269,97270],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,97272,97273,97274,122],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[17,97275,97276],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[28,97278,1929],{"id":1928},[14,97280,15090,97281,1935],{},[17,97282,96308],{},[167,97284,97285,97290,97295,97298,97305],{},[170,97286,1940,97287,97289],{},[17,97288,96303],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[170,97291,8803,97292,97294],{},[17,97293,96303],{}," to return the updated set",[170,97296,97297],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[170,97299,37565,97300,97302,97303],{},[17,97301,96308],{}," with list ",[17,97304,53016],{},[170,97306,97307],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,97309,71868],{},[33,97311,97313],{"className":35,"code":97312,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[17,97314,97315,97325,97339,97349,97363],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97316,97317,97319,97321,97323],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97318,284],{"class":52},[42,97320,57],{"class":56},[42,97322,16024],{"class":125},[42,97324,143],{"class":56},[42,97326,97327,97329,97331,97333,97335,97337],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97328,284],{"class":52},[42,97330,57],{"class":56},[42,97332,835],{"class":834},[42,97334,57],{"class":56},[42,97336,16024],{"class":125},[42,97338,842],{"class":56},[42,97340,97341,97343,97345,97347],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,97342,284],{"class":52},[42,97344,57],{"class":56},[42,97346,2803],{"class":125},[42,97348,143],{"class":56},[42,97350,97351,97353,97355,97357,97359,97361],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,97352,284],{"class":52},[42,97354,57],{"class":56},[42,97356,835],{"class":834},[42,97358,57],{"class":56},[42,97360,2803],{"class":125},[42,97362,842],{"class":56},[42,97364,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373,97375],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,97366,32512],{"class":52},[42,97368,57],{"class":56},[42,97370,6633],{"class":834},[42,97372,122],{"class":56},[42,97374,82468],{"class":2022},[42,97376,143],{"class":56},[14,97378,97379,97380,97382,97383,122],{},"Also remember that ",[17,97381,96308],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[693,97384,53413],{"href":97385},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[28,97387,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,97389,13060,97391,97393],{"id":97390},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[17,97392,96308],{}," return a new set?",[14,97395,97396,97397,122],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[17,97398,4115],{},[1073,97400,97402],{"id":97401},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,97404,97405],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1073,97407,97409],{"id":97408},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,97411,146,97412,11445,97415,122],{},[17,97413,97414],{},"set.update()",[17,97416,96303],{},[1073,97418,97420],{"id":97419},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,97422,97423,97424,122],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[17,97425,3338],{},[28,97427,2205],{"id":2204},[167,97429,97430,97434,97439],{},[170,97431,97432],{},[693,97433,96428],{"href":96427},[170,97435,97436],{},[693,97437,97438],{"href":96431},"How to create a set in Python",[170,97440,97441],{},[693,97442,96914,97443,11093],{"href":96913},[17,97444,15311],{},[14,97446,97447,97448,97450],{},"Once you understand ",[17,97449,96303],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2245,97452,97453],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":97455},[97456,97457,97459,97460,97461,97462,97466,97470,97471,97472,97479],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":96400,"depth":111,"text":97458},"What set.add() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":96643,"depth":111,"text":96644},{"id":96734,"depth":111,"text":97463,"children":97464},"add() vs update()",[97465],{"id":96894,"depth":132,"text":96895},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778,"children":97467},[97468,97469],{"id":96933,"depth":132,"text":96934},{"id":62133,"depth":132,"text":96990},{"id":97066,"depth":111,"text":97067},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":97473},[97474,97476,97477,97478],{"id":97390,"depth":132,"text":97475},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97401,"depth":132,"text":97402},{"id":97408,"depth":132,"text":97409},{"id":97419,"depth":132,"text":97420},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96294,"description":97480},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97487,"title":97488,"body":97489,"description":98658,"extension":2285,"meta":98659,"navigation":2287,"path":98660,"seo":98661,"stem":98662,"__hash__":98663},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97490,"toc":98625},[97491,97496,97502,97509,97554,97556,97567,97572,97577,97581,97595,97600,97602,97604,97619,97621,97635,97637,97639,97704,97706,97716,97718,97736,97742,97749,97754,97828,97830,97847,97853,97858,97929,97931,97958,97975,97978,97984,97986,97993,97997,98064,98066,98081,98084,98137,98139,98147,98159,98161,98165,98170,98172,98221,98223,98231,98233,98278,98280,98290,98296,98304,98317,98323,98325,98354,98356,98374,98378,98381,98412,98414,98432,98436,98511,98513,98529,98536,98538,98543,98548,98554,98557,98561,98569,98576,98584,98586,98622],[10,97492,96300,97494,11676],{"id":97493},"python-set-clear-method",[17,97495,11675],{},[14,97497,97498,97501],{},[17,97499,97500],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,97503,97504,97505,97508],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[177,97506,97507],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[33,97510,97512],{"className":35,"code":97511,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,97513,97514,97534,97544],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97515,97516,97518,97520,97522,97524,97526,97528,97530,97532],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97517,3952],{"class":114},[42,97519,88],{"class":87},[42,97521,10842],{"class":56},[42,97523,3320],{"class":2348},[42,97525,70],{"class":56},[42,97527,3325],{"class":2348},[42,97529,70],{"class":56},[42,97531,2781],{"class":2348},[42,97533,9659],{"class":56},[42,97535,97536,97538,97540,97542],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97537,3984],{"class":114},[42,97539,122],{"class":56},[42,97541,11737],{"class":125},[42,97543,129],{"class":56},[42,97545,97546,97548,97550,97552],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,97547,284],{"class":52},[42,97549,57],{"class":56},[42,97551,3984],{"class":125},[42,97553,143],{"class":56},[14,97555,2395],{},[33,97557,97559],{"className":35,"code":97558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set()\n",[17,97560,97561],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97562,97563,97565],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97564,6633],{"class":834},[42,97566,129],{"class":56},[14,97568,97569,97571],{},[17,97570,11675],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[28,97573,4013,97575,4016],{"id":97574},"what-setclear-does",[17,97576,97500],{},[14,97578,2303,97579,11767],{},[17,97580,11675],{},[167,97582,97583,97586,97588,97592],{},[170,97584,97585],{},"Removes every item from a set",[170,97587,96415],{},[170,97589,11778,97590],{},[17,97591,4115],{},[170,97593,97594],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97596,96424,97597,71967],{},[693,97598,96428],{"href":97599},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[28,97601,312],{"id":311},[14,97603,54811],{},[33,97605,97607],{"className":35,"code":97606,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set.clear()\n",[17,97608,97609],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97610,97611,97613,97615,97617],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97612,16024],{"class":114},[42,97614,122],{"class":56},[42,97616,11737],{"class":125},[42,97618,129],{"class":56},[14,97620,13409],{},[167,97622,97623,97626,97629,97632],{},[170,97624,97625],{},"It takes no arguments",[170,97627,97628],{},"It empties the set",[170,97630,97631],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[170,97633,97634],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[28,97636,11829],{"id":11828},[14,97638,11832],{},[33,97640,97642],{"className":35,"code":97641,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,97643,97644,97676,97680,97690,97694],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666,97668,97670,97672,97674],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97647,13433],{"class":114},[42,97649,88],{"class":87},[42,97651,10842],{"class":56},[42,97653,61],{"class":60},[42,97655,13450],{"class":64},[42,97657,61],{"class":60},[42,97659,70],{"class":56},[42,97661,73],{"class":60},[42,97663,17814],{"class":64},[42,97665,61],{"class":60},[42,97667,70],{"class":56},[42,97669,73],{"class":60},[42,97671,13467],{"class":64},[42,97673,61],{"class":60},[42,97675,9659],{"class":56},[42,97677,97678],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97679,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97681,97682,97684,97686,97688],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,97683,17861],{"class":114},[42,97685,122],{"class":56},[42,97687,11737],{"class":125},[42,97689,129],{"class":56},[42,97691,97692],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,97693,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97695,97696,97698,97700,97702],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,97697,284],{"class":52},[42,97699,57],{"class":56},[42,97701,17861],{"class":125},[42,97703,143],{"class":56},[14,97705,2395],{},[33,97707,97708],{"className":35,"code":97558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,97709,97710],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97711,97712,97714],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97713,6633],{"class":834},[42,97715,129],{"class":56},[14,97717,12038],{},[167,97719,97720,97725,97730],{},[170,97721,97722,97724],{},[17,97723,17861],{}," starts with three values",[170,97726,97727,12051],{},[17,97728,97729],{},"colors.clear()",[170,97731,97732,97733,97735],{},"Printing the set shows ",[17,97734,4134],{},", which means an empty set",[28,97737,97739,97741],{"id":97738},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[17,97740,11675],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97743,97744,1753,97746,97748],{},[17,97745,11675],{},[17,97747,4134],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1073,97750,1940,97752],{"id":97751},"using-clear",[17,97753,11675],{},[33,97755,97757],{"className":35,"code":97756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[17,97758,97759,97779,97789,97793,97803,97807,97817],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97760,97761,97763,97765,97767,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97762,8128],{"class":114},[42,97764,88],{"class":87},[42,97766,10842],{"class":56},[42,97768,3320],{"class":2348},[42,97770,70],{"class":56},[42,97772,3325],{"class":2348},[42,97774,70],{"class":56},[42,97776,2781],{"class":2348},[42,97778,9659],{"class":56},[42,97780,97781,97784,97786],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97782,97783],{"class":114},"other_name ",[42,97785,88],{"class":87},[42,97787,97788],{"class":114}," items\n",[42,97790,97791],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,97792,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,97796,8159],{"class":114},[42,97798,122],{"class":56},[42,97800,11737],{"class":125},[42,97802,129],{"class":56},[42,97804,97805],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,97806,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97808,97809,97811,97813,97815],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,97810,284],{"class":52},[42,97812,57],{"class":56},[42,97814,8159],{"class":125},[42,97816,143],{"class":56},[42,97818,97819,97821,97823,97826],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,97820,284],{"class":52},[42,97822,57],{"class":56},[42,97824,97825],{"class":125},"other_name",[42,97827,143],{"class":56},[14,97829,2395],{},[33,97831,97833],{"className":35,"code":97832,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set()\nset()\n",[17,97834,97835,97841],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97836,97837,97839],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97838,6633],{"class":834},[42,97840,129],{"class":56},[42,97842,97843,97845],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97844,6633],{"class":834},[42,97846,129],{"class":56},[14,97848,97849,97850,122],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[177,97851,97852],{},"same set object",[1073,97854,1940,97856],{"id":97855},"using-set",[17,97857,4134],{},[33,97859,97861],{"className":35,"code":97860,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[17,97862,97863,97883,97891,97895,97905,97909,97919],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97864,97865,97867,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97866,8128],{"class":114},[42,97868,88],{"class":87},[42,97870,10842],{"class":56},[42,97872,3320],{"class":2348},[42,97874,70],{"class":56},[42,97876,3325],{"class":2348},[42,97878,70],{"class":56},[42,97880,2781],{"class":2348},[42,97882,9659],{"class":56},[42,97884,97885,97887,97889],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97886,97783],{"class":114},[42,97888,88],{"class":87},[42,97890,97788],{"class":114},[42,97892,97893],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,97894,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97896,97897,97899,97901,97903],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,97898,8128],{"class":114},[42,97900,88],{"class":87},[42,97902,15991],{"class":834},[42,97904,129],{"class":56},[42,97906,97907],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,97908,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,97910,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,97912,284],{"class":52},[42,97914,57],{"class":56},[42,97916,8159],{"class":125},[42,97918,143],{"class":56},[42,97920,97921,97923,97925,97927],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,97922,284],{"class":52},[42,97924,57],{"class":56},[42,97926,97825],{"class":125},[42,97928,143],{"class":56},[14,97930,2395],{},[33,97932,97934],{"className":35,"code":97933,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[17,97935,97936,97942],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,97937,97938,97940],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,97939,6633],{"class":834},[42,97941,129],{"class":56},[42,97943,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,97945,9628],{"class":56},[42,97947,3320],{"class":2348},[42,97949,70],{"class":56},[42,97951,3325],{"class":2348},[42,97953,70],{"class":56},[42,97955,2781],{"class":2348},[42,97957,9659],{"class":56},[14,97959,21129,97960,93192,97963,97966,97967,122,97969,97971,97972,97974],{},[17,97961,97962],{},"items = set()",[177,97964,97965],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[17,97968,8159],{},[10197,97970],{},"\nBut ",[17,97973,97825],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97976,97977],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97979,97980,97981,122],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[693,97982,96432],{"href":97983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[28,97985,17778],{"id":17777},[14,97987,97988,1518,97990,97992],{},[17,97989,11675],{},[177,97991,179],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97994,5491,97995,122],{},[17,97996,4115],{},[33,97998,98000],{"className":35,"code":97999,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,98001,98002,98022,98026,98040,98044,98054],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98003,98004,98006,98008,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018,98020],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98005,3952],{"class":114},[42,98007,88],{"class":87},[42,98009,10842],{"class":56},[42,98011,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98013,70],{"class":56},[42,98015,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98017,70],{"class":56},[42,98019,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98021,9659],{"class":56},[42,98023,98024],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98025,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,98027,98028,98030,98032,98034,98036,98038],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,98029,2555],{"class":114},[42,98031,88],{"class":87},[42,98033,4603],{"class":114},[42,98035,122],{"class":56},[42,98037,11737],{"class":125},[42,98039,129],{"class":56},[42,98041,98042],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,98043,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,98045,98046,98048,98050,98052],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,98047,284],{"class":52},[42,98049,57],{"class":56},[42,98051,2592],{"class":125},[42,98053,143],{"class":56},[42,98055,98056,98058,98060,98062],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,98057,284],{"class":52},[42,98059,57],{"class":56},[42,98061,3984],{"class":125},[42,98063,143],{"class":56},[14,98065,2395],{},[33,98067,98069],{"className":35,"code":98068,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"None\nset()\n",[17,98070,98071,98075],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98072,98073],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98074,12163],{"class":4190},[42,98076,98077,98079],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98078,6633],{"class":834},[42,98080,129],{"class":56},[14,98082,98083],{},"Do not do this:",[33,98085,98087],{"className":35,"code":98086,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,98088,98089,98109,98123,98127],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98092,3952],{"class":114},[42,98094,88],{"class":87},[42,98096,10842],{"class":56},[42,98098,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98100,70],{"class":56},[42,98102,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98104,70],{"class":56},[42,98106,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98108,9659],{"class":56},[42,98110,98111,98113,98115,98117,98119,98121],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98112,3952],{"class":114},[42,98114,88],{"class":87},[42,98116,4603],{"class":114},[42,98118,122],{"class":56},[42,98120,11737],{"class":125},[42,98122,129],{"class":56},[42,98124,98125],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,98126,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,98128,98129,98131,98133,98135],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,98130,284],{"class":52},[42,98132,57],{"class":56},[42,98134,3984],{"class":125},[42,98136,143],{"class":56},[14,98138,2395],{},[33,98140,98141],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,98142,98143],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98144,98145],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98146,12163],{"class":4190},[14,98148,22546,98149,2726,98151,98153,98154,98156,98157,122],{},[17,98150,54924],{},[17,98152,4115],{},", and then you assign that ",[17,98155,4115],{}," back to ",[17,98158,3984],{},[28,98160,4859],{"id":4858},[14,98162,11100,98163,122],{},[17,98164,97500],{},[1073,98166,12950,98168],{"id":98167},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[17,98169,11675],{},[14,98171,17002],{},[33,98173,98175],{"className":35,"code":98174,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,98176,98177,98197,98211],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98178,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98180,15986],{"class":114},[42,98182,88],{"class":87},[42,98184,10842],{"class":56},[42,98186,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98188,70],{"class":56},[42,98190,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98192,70],{"class":56},[42,98194,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98196,9659],{"class":56},[42,98198,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207,98209],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98200,15986],{"class":114},[42,98202,88],{"class":87},[42,98204,97024],{"class":114},[42,98206,122],{"class":56},[42,98208,11737],{"class":125},[42,98210,129],{"class":56},[42,98212,98213,98215,98217,98219],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,98214,284],{"class":52},[42,98216,57],{"class":56},[42,98218,16024],{"class":125},[42,98220,143],{"class":56},[14,98222,2395],{},[33,98224,98225],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,98226,98227],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98228,98229],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98230,12163],{"class":4190},[14,98232,17014],{},[33,98234,98236],{"className":35,"code":98235,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[17,98237,98238,98258,98268],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98239,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98241,15986],{"class":114},[42,98243,88],{"class":87},[42,98245,10842],{"class":56},[42,98247,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98249,70],{"class":56},[42,98251,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98253,70],{"class":56},[42,98255,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98257,9659],{"class":56},[42,98259,98260,98262,98264,98266],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98261,16024],{"class":114},[42,98263,122],{"class":56},[42,98265,11737],{"class":125},[42,98267,129],{"class":56},[42,98269,98270,98272,98274,98276],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,98271,284],{"class":52},[42,98273,57],{"class":56},[42,98275,16024],{"class":125},[42,98277,143],{"class":56},[14,98279,2395],{},[33,98281,98282],{"className":35,"code":97558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,98283,98284],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98285,98286,98288],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98287,6633],{"class":834},[42,98289,129],{"class":56},[1073,98291,8803,98293,98295],{"id":98292},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[17,98294,11675],{}," to remove only one item",[14,98297,98298,98300,98301,98303],{},[17,98299,11675],{}," removes ",[177,98302,4052],{}," items from the set.",[14,98305,98306,98307,1327,98312,122],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[693,98308,98310],{"href":98309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[17,98311,55893],{},[693,98313,98315],{"href":98314},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[17,98316,13119],{},[1073,98318,1940,98320,98322],{"id":98319},"using-for-an-empty-set",[17,98321,4129],{}," for an empty set",[14,98324,26048],{},[33,98326,98328],{"className":35,"code":98327,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[17,98329,98330,98339],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98331,98332,98335,98337],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98333,98334],{"class":114},"empty_value ",[42,98336,88],{"class":87},[42,98338,10189],{"class":56},[42,98340,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98352],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98342,284],{"class":52},[42,98344,57],{"class":56},[42,98346,835],{"class":834},[42,98348,57],{"class":56},[42,98350,98351],{"class":125},"empty_value",[42,98353,842],{"class":56},[14,98355,2395],{},[33,98357,98358],{"className":35,"code":9158,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,98359,98360],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98361,98362,98364,98366,98368,98370,98372],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98363,855],{"class":87},[42,98365,859],{"class":858},[42,98367,862],{"class":60},[42,98369,9171],{"class":64},[42,98371,868],{"class":60},[42,98373,871],{"class":87},[14,98375,98376,9138],{},[17,98377,4129],{},[14,98379,98380],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[33,98382,98384],{"className":35,"code":98383,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[17,98385,98386,98397],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98387,98388,98391,98393,98395],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98389,98390],{"class":114},"empty_set ",[42,98392,88],{"class":87},[42,98394,15991],{"class":834},[42,98396,129],{"class":56},[42,98398,98399,98401,98403,98405,98407,98410],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98400,284],{"class":52},[42,98402,57],{"class":56},[42,98404,835],{"class":834},[42,98406,57],{"class":56},[42,98408,98409],{"class":125},"empty_set",[42,98411,842],{"class":56},[14,98413,2395],{},[33,98415,98416],{"className":35,"code":9202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,98417,98418],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98419,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98421,855],{"class":87},[42,98423,859],{"class":858},[42,98425,862],{"class":60},[42,98427,6633],{"class":64},[42,98429,868],{"class":60},[42,98431,871],{"class":87},[1073,98433,98435],{"id":98434},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[33,98437,98439],{"className":35,"code":98438,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[17,98440,98441,98465,98473,98477,98487,98491,98501],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98442,98443,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455,98457,98459,98461,98463],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98444,2886],{"class":114},[42,98446,88],{"class":87},[42,98448,10842],{"class":56},[42,98450,61],{"class":60},[42,98452,2498],{"class":64},[42,98454,61],{"class":60},[42,98456,70],{"class":56},[42,98458,73],{"class":60},[42,98460,12100],{"class":64},[42,98462,61],{"class":60},[42,98464,9659],{"class":56},[42,98466,98467,98469,98471],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98468,2914],{"class":114},[42,98470,88],{"class":87},[42,98472,36535],{"class":114},[42,98474,98475],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,98476,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,98478,98479,98481,98483,98485],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,98480,693],{"class":114},[42,98482,122],{"class":56},[42,98484,11737],{"class":125},[42,98486,129],{"class":56},[42,98488,98489],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,98490,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,98492,98493,98495,98497,98499],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,98494,284],{"class":52},[42,98496,57],{"class":56},[42,98498,693],{"class":125},[42,98500,143],{"class":56},[42,98502,98503,98505,98507,98509],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,98504,284],{"class":52},[42,98506,57],{"class":56},[42,98508,5102],{"class":125},[42,98510,143],{"class":56},[14,98512,2395],{},[33,98514,98515],{"className":35,"code":97832,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,98516,98517,98523],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98518,98519,98521],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98520,6633],{"class":834},[42,98522,129],{"class":56},[42,98524,98525,98527],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98526,6633],{"class":834},[42,98528,129],{"class":56},[14,98530,29420,98531,1753,98533,98535],{},[17,98532,693],{},[17,98534,5102],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[28,98537,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,98539,5485,98541,5488],{"id":98540},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[17,98542,97500],{},[14,98544,5491,98545,98547],{},[17,98546,4115],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1073,98549,13060,98551,98553],{"id":98550},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[17,98552,11675],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98555,98556],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1073,98558,98560],{"id":98559},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98562,98563,98564,98566,98567,122],{},"You already have one after ",[17,98565,11675],{},". Printing it shows ",[17,98568,4134],{},[1073,98570,2171,98572,1753,98574,2823],{"id":98571},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[17,98573,11675],{},[17,98575,4134],{},[14,98577,98578,98580,98581,98583],{},[17,98579,11675],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[17,98582,4134],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[28,98585,2205],{"id":2204},[167,98587,98588,98592,98596,98603,98609,98615],{},[170,98589,98590],{},[693,98591,96428],{"href":97599},[170,98593,98594],{},[693,98595,97438],{"href":97983},[170,98597,98598],{},[693,98599,96914,98601,11093],{"href":98600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[17,98602,96303],{},[170,98604,98605],{},[693,98606,96914,98607,11093],{"href":98309},[17,98608,55893],{},[170,98610,98611],{},[693,98612,96914,98613,11093],{"href":98314},[17,98614,13119],{},[170,98616,98617],{},[693,98618,96914,98620,11093],{"href":98619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[17,98621,15311],{},[2245,98623,98624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":98626},[98627,98629,98630,98631,98638,98639,98648,98657],{"id":97574,"depth":111,"text":98628},"What set.clear() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":97738,"depth":111,"text":98632,"children":98633},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98634,98636],{"id":97751,"depth":132,"text":98635},"Using clear()",{"id":97855,"depth":132,"text":98637},"Using set()",{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":98640},[98641,98643,98645,98647],{"id":98167,"depth":132,"text":98642},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98292,"depth":132,"text":98644},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98319,"depth":132,"text":98646},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98434,"depth":132,"text":98435},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":98649},[98650,98652,98654,98655],{"id":98540,"depth":132,"text":98651},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98550,"depth":132,"text":98653},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98559,"depth":132,"text":98560},{"id":98571,"depth":132,"text":98656},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97488,"description":98658},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98665,"title":98666,"body":98667,"description":100499,"extension":2285,"meta":100500,"navigation":2287,"path":96431,"seo":100501,"stem":100502,"__hash__":100503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98668,"toc":100456},[98669,98672,98675,98678,98680,98783,98787,98834,98840,98842,98861,98865,98868,98870,98884,98893,98897,98900,98935,98939,98959,98962,98966,98969,99030,99034,99059,99066,99072,99077,99079,99091,99095,99144,99148,99172,99179,99183,99224,99228,99249,99253,99286,99290,99331,99334,99338,99343,99382,99386,99411,99416,99422,99459,99463,99486,99490,99492,99495,99498,99575,99579,99616,99619,99623,99629,99632,99642,99691,99697,99703,99730,99733,99755,99757,99788,99791,99795,99799,99838,99842,99905,99908,99941,99945,99970,99972,99975,99981,99984,100011,100014,100032,100036,100040,100043,100086,100089,100093,100096,100099,100129,100132,100136,100139,100154,100159,100163,100166,100255,100257,100260,100350,100353,100371,100373,100377,100387,100391,100399,100403,100406,100410,100413,100417,100420,100422,100450,100453],[10,98670,98666],{"id":98671},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98673,98674],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98676,98677],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[28,98679,3942],{"id":3941},[33,98681,98683],{"className":35,"code":98682,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[17,98684,98685,98705,98739,98749,98753,98763,98773],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98688,3952],{"class":114},[42,98690,88],{"class":87},[42,98692,10842],{"class":56},[42,98694,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98696,70],{"class":56},[42,98698,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98700,70],{"class":56},[42,98702,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98704,9659],{"class":56},[42,98706,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98708,4409],{"class":114},[42,98710,88],{"class":87},[42,98712,15991],{"class":834},[42,98714,3317],{"class":56},[42,98716,61],{"class":60},[42,98718,4418],{"class":64},[42,98720,61],{"class":60},[42,98722,70],{"class":56},[42,98724,73],{"class":60},[42,98726,4427],{"class":64},[42,98728,61],{"class":60},[42,98730,70],{"class":56},[42,98732,73],{"class":60},[42,98734,4418],{"class":64},[42,98736,61],{"class":60},[42,98738,4226],{"class":56},[42,98740,98741,98743,98745,98747],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,98742,98390],{"class":114},[42,98744,88],{"class":87},[42,98746,15991],{"class":834},[42,98748,129],{"class":56},[42,98750,98751],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,98752,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,98754,98755,98757,98759,98761],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,98756,284],{"class":52},[42,98758,57],{"class":56},[42,98760,3984],{"class":125},[42,98762,143],{"class":56},[42,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,98766,284],{"class":52},[42,98768,57],{"class":56},[42,98770,4453],{"class":125},[42,98772,143],{"class":56},[42,98774,98775,98777,98779,98781],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,98776,284],{"class":52},[42,98778,57],{"class":56},[42,98780,98409],{"class":125},[42,98782,143],{"class":56},[14,98784,98785],{},[177,98786,2395],{},[33,98788,98790],{"className":35,"code":98789,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[17,98791,98792,98808,98828],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98793,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98795,9628],{"class":56},[42,98797,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98799,70],{"class":56},[42,98801,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98803,70],{"class":56},[42,98805,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98807,9659],{"class":56},[42,98809,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98811,9628],{"class":56},[42,98813,868],{"class":60},[42,98815,4427],{"class":64},[42,98817,868],{"class":60},[42,98819,70],{"class":56},[42,98821,862],{"class":60},[42,98823,4418],{"class":64},[42,98825,868],{"class":60},[42,98827,9659],{"class":56},[42,98829,98830,98832],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,98831,6633],{"class":834},[42,98833,129],{"class":56},[14,98835,98836,98837,98839],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[17,98838,4134],{}," for an empty set.",[28,98841,15520],{"id":15519},[167,98843,98844,98847,98852,98855,98858],{},[170,98845,98846],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[170,98848,98849,98850],{},"How to create a set with ",[17,98851,4134],{},[170,98853,98854],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[170,98856,98857],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[170,98859,98860],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[28,98862,98864],{"id":98863},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98866,98867],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98869,30899],{},[167,98871,98872,98875,98878,98881],{},[170,98873,98874],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[170,98876,98877],{},"Sets are unordered",[170,98879,98880],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[170,98882,98883],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98885,98886,98887,1327,98889,122],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[693,98888,96428],{"href":97599},[693,98890,98892],{"href":98891},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[28,98894,98896],{"id":98895},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98898,98899],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[33,98901,98903],{"className":35,"code":98902,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,98904,98905,98925],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98906,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98908,3952],{"class":114},[42,98910,88],{"class":87},[42,98912,10842],{"class":56},[42,98914,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98916,70],{"class":56},[42,98918,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98920,70],{"class":56},[42,98922,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98924,9659],{"class":56},[42,98926,98927,98929,98931,98933],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,98928,284],{"class":52},[42,98930,57],{"class":56},[42,98932,3984],{"class":125},[42,98934,143],{"class":56},[14,98936,98937],{},[177,98938,845],{},[33,98940,98941],{"className":35,"code":96707,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,98942,98943],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98944,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98946,9628],{"class":56},[42,98948,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98950,70],{"class":56},[42,98952,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98954,70],{"class":56},[42,98956,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98958,9659],{"class":56},[14,98960,98961],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1073,98963,98965],{"id":98964},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98967,98968],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[33,98970,98972],{"className":35,"code":98971,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,98973,98974,99006,99016],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,98975,98976,98978,98980,98982,98984,98986,98988,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002,99004],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,98977,3952],{"class":114},[42,98979,88],{"class":87},[42,98981,10842],{"class":56},[42,98983,3320],{"class":2348},[42,98985,70],{"class":56},[42,98987,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98989,70],{"class":56},[42,98991,3325],{"class":2348},[42,98993,70],{"class":56},[42,98995,2781],{"class":2348},[42,98997,70],{"class":56},[42,98999,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99001,70],{"class":56},[42,99003,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99005,9659],{"class":56},[42,99007,99008,99010,99012,99014],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99009,284],{"class":52},[42,99011,57],{"class":56},[42,99013,3984],{"class":125},[42,99015,143],{"class":56},[42,99017,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,99019,284],{"class":52},[42,99021,57],{"class":56},[42,99023,11515],{"class":52},[42,99025,57],{"class":56},[42,99027,3984],{"class":125},[42,99029,842],{"class":56},[14,99031,99032],{},[177,99033,845],{},[33,99035,99037],{"className":35,"code":99036,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[17,99038,99039,99055],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99040,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051,99053],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99042,9628],{"class":56},[42,99044,3320],{"class":2348},[42,99046,70],{"class":56},[42,99048,3325],{"class":2348},[42,99050,70],{"class":56},[42,99052,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99054,9659],{"class":56},[42,99056,99057],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99058,46980],{"class":2348},[14,99060,21335,99061,1753,99063,99065],{},[17,99062,2381],{},[17,99064,2387],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[28,99067,99069,99070],{"id":99068},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[17,99071,4134],{},[14,99073,146,99074,99076],{},[17,99075,4134],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,99078,5801],{},[167,99080,99081,99083,99085,99087],{},[170,99082,97187],{},[170,99084,96483],{},[170,99086,56829],{},[170,99088,99089],{},[17,99090,36558],{},[1073,99092,99094],{"id":99093},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[33,99096,99098],{"className":35,"code":99097,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,99099,99100,99134],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99101,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99103,3952],{"class":114},[42,99105,88],{"class":87},[42,99107,15991],{"class":834},[42,99109,3317],{"class":56},[42,99111,3320],{"class":2348},[42,99113,70],{"class":56},[42,99115,3325],{"class":2348},[42,99117,70],{"class":56},[42,99119,3325],{"class":2348},[42,99121,70],{"class":56},[42,99123,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99125,70],{"class":56},[42,99127,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99129,70],{"class":56},[42,99131,2787],{"class":2348},[42,99133,4226],{"class":56},[42,99135,99136,99138,99140,99142],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99137,284],{"class":52},[42,99139,57],{"class":56},[42,99141,3984],{"class":125},[42,99143,143],{"class":56},[14,99145,99146],{},[177,99147,845],{},[33,99149,99150],{"className":35,"code":96370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,99151,99152],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99153,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99155,9628],{"class":56},[42,99157,3320],{"class":2348},[42,99159,70],{"class":56},[42,99161,3325],{"class":2348},[42,99163,70],{"class":56},[42,99165,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99167,70],{"class":56},[42,99169,2787],{"class":2348},[42,99171,9659],{"class":56},[14,99173,99174,99175,122],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[693,99176,99178],{"href":99177},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1073,99180,99182],{"id":99181},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[33,99184,99186],{"className":35,"code":99185,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[17,99187,99188,99214],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99189,99190,99192,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99191,4160],{"class":114},[42,99193,88],{"class":87},[42,99195,15991],{"class":834},[42,99197,5855],{"class":56},[42,99199,2659],{"class":2348},[42,99201,70],{"class":56},[42,99203,8139],{"class":2348},[42,99205,70],{"class":56},[42,99207,8139],{"class":2348},[42,99209,70],{"class":56},[42,99211,8144],{"class":2348},[42,99213,842],{"class":56},[42,99215,99216,99218,99220,99222],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99217,284],{"class":52},[42,99219,57],{"class":56},[42,99221,5702],{"class":125},[42,99223,143],{"class":56},[14,99225,99226],{},[177,99227,845],{},[33,99229,99231],{"className":35,"code":99230,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[17,99232,99233],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99234,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99236,9628],{"class":56},[42,99238,2659],{"class":2348},[42,99240,70],{"class":56},[42,99242,8139],{"class":2348},[42,99244,70],{"class":56},[42,99246,8144],{"class":2348},[42,99248,9659],{"class":56},[1073,99250,99252],{"id":99251},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[33,99254,99256],{"className":35,"code":99255,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,99257,99258,99276],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99261,36450],{"class":114},[42,99263,88],{"class":87},[42,99265,15991],{"class":834},[42,99267,57],{"class":56},[42,99269,61],{"class":60},[42,99271,4183],{"class":64},[42,99273,61],{"class":60},[42,99275,143],{"class":56},[42,99277,99278,99280,99282,99284],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99279,284],{"class":52},[42,99281,57],{"class":56},[42,99283,36503],{"class":125},[42,99285,143],{"class":56},[14,99287,99288],{},[177,99289,845],{},[33,99291,99293],{"className":35,"code":99292,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[17,99294,99295],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319,99321,99323,99325,99327,99329],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99298,9628],{"class":56},[42,99300,868],{"class":60},[42,99302,60804],{"class":64},[42,99304,868],{"class":60},[42,99306,70],{"class":56},[42,99308,862],{"class":60},[42,99310,60813],{"class":64},[42,99312,868],{"class":60},[42,99314,70],{"class":56},[42,99316,862],{"class":60},[42,99318,60822],{"class":64},[42,99320,868],{"class":60},[42,99322,70],{"class":56},[42,99324,862],{"class":60},[42,99326,60839],{"class":64},[42,99328,868],{"class":60},[42,99330,9659],{"class":56},[14,99332,99333],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[28,99335,99337],{"id":99336},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,99339,99340,99341,122],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[17,99342,4134],{},[33,99344,99346],{"className":35,"code":99345,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[17,99347,99348,99358,99368],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99349,99350,99352,99354,99356],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99351,98390],{"class":114},[42,99353,88],{"class":87},[42,99355,15991],{"class":834},[42,99357,129],{"class":56},[42,99359,99360,99362,99364,99366],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99361,284],{"class":52},[42,99363,57],{"class":56},[42,99365,98409],{"class":125},[42,99367,143],{"class":56},[42,99369,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,99371,284],{"class":52},[42,99373,57],{"class":56},[42,99375,835],{"class":834},[42,99377,57],{"class":56},[42,99379,98409],{"class":125},[42,99381,842],{"class":56},[14,99383,99384],{},[177,99385,2395],{},[33,99387,99389],{"className":35,"code":99388,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,99390,99391,99397],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99392,99393,99395],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99394,6633],{"class":834},[42,99396,129],{"class":56},[42,99398,99399,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99400,855],{"class":87},[42,99402,859],{"class":858},[42,99404,862],{"class":60},[42,99406,6633],{"class":64},[42,99408,868],{"class":60},[42,99410,871],{"class":87},[1073,99412,44791,99414],{"id":99413},"do-not-use",[17,99415,4129],{},[14,99417,99418,99419,99421],{},"Empty braces do ",[177,99420,179],{}," create a set.",[33,99423,99425],{"className":35,"code":99424,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[17,99426,99427,99435,99445],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99428,99429,99431,99433],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99430,98334],{"class":114},[42,99432,88],{"class":87},[42,99434,10189],{"class":56},[42,99436,99437,99439,99441,99443],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99438,284],{"class":52},[42,99440,57],{"class":56},[42,99442,98351],{"class":125},[42,99444,143],{"class":56},[42,99446,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,99448,284],{"class":52},[42,99450,57],{"class":56},[42,99452,835],{"class":834},[42,99454,57],{"class":56},[42,99456,98351],{"class":125},[42,99458,842],{"class":56},[14,99460,99461],{},[177,99462,2395],{},[33,99464,99466],{"className":35,"code":99465,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,99467,99468,99472],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99469,99470],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99471,9785],{"class":56},[42,99473,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99475,855],{"class":87},[42,99477,859],{"class":858},[42,99479,862],{"class":60},[42,99481,9171],{"class":64},[42,99483,868],{"class":60},[42,99485,871],{"class":87},[14,99487,99488,9138],{},[17,99489,4129],{},[28,99491,72631],{"id":72630},[14,99493,99494],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,99496,99497],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[33,99499,99501],{"className":35,"code":99500,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,99502,99503,99551,99561],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99506,4409],{"class":114},[42,99508,88],{"class":87},[42,99510,10842],{"class":56},[42,99512,61],{"class":60},[42,99514,4418],{"class":64},[42,99516,61],{"class":60},[42,99518,70],{"class":56},[42,99520,73],{"class":60},[42,99522,4427],{"class":64},[42,99524,61],{"class":60},[42,99526,70],{"class":56},[42,99528,73],{"class":60},[42,99530,4418],{"class":64},[42,99532,61],{"class":60},[42,99534,70],{"class":56},[42,99536,73],{"class":60},[42,99538,4418],{"class":64},[42,99540,61],{"class":60},[42,99542,70],{"class":56},[42,99544,73],{"class":60},[42,99546,33581],{"class":64},[42,99548,61],{"class":60},[42,99550,9659],{"class":56},[42,99552,99553,99555,99557,99559],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99554,284],{"class":52},[42,99556,57],{"class":56},[42,99558,4453],{"class":125},[42,99560,143],{"class":56},[42,99562,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,99564,284],{"class":52},[42,99566,57],{"class":56},[42,99568,11515],{"class":52},[42,99570,57],{"class":56},[42,99572,4453],{"class":125},[42,99574,842],{"class":56},[14,99576,99577],{},[177,99578,845],{},[33,99580,99582],{"className":35,"code":99581,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[17,99583,99584,99612],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99585,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99587,9628],{"class":56},[42,99589,868],{"class":60},[42,99591,4427],{"class":64},[42,99593,868],{"class":60},[42,99595,70],{"class":56},[42,99597,862],{"class":60},[42,99599,33581],{"class":64},[42,99601,868],{"class":60},[42,99603,70],{"class":56},[42,99605,862],{"class":60},[42,99607,4418],{"class":64},[42,99609,868],{"class":60},[42,99611,9659],{"class":56},[42,99613,99614],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99615,46980],{"class":2348},[14,99617,99618],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[28,99620,99622],{"id":99621},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99624,99625,99626,99628],{},"Set items must be ",[177,99627,96471],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99630,99631],{},"These usually work:",[167,99633,99634,99636,99638,99640],{},[170,99635,56826],{},[170,99637,56829],{},[170,99639,96483],{},[170,99641,40958],{},[33,99643,99645],{"className":35,"code":99644,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[17,99646,99647,99681],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99648,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99650,4160],{"class":114},[42,99652,88],{"class":87},[42,99654,10842],{"class":56},[42,99656,3320],{"class":2348},[42,99658,70],{"class":56},[42,99660,73],{"class":60},[42,99662,4418],{"class":64},[42,99664,61],{"class":60},[42,99666,70],{"class":56},[42,99668,9586],{"class":56},[42,99670,2659],{"class":2348},[42,99672,70],{"class":56},[42,99674,8139],{"class":2348},[42,99676,9583],{"class":56},[42,99678,4254],{"class":4190},[42,99680,9659],{"class":56},[42,99682,99683,99685,99687,99689],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99684,284],{"class":52},[42,99686,57],{"class":56},[42,99688,5702],{"class":125},[42,99690,143],{"class":56},[14,99692,99693,99694,99696],{},"These do ",[177,99695,179],{}," work directly:",[167,99698,99699,99701],{},[170,99700,97187],{},[170,99702,97190],{},[33,99704,99706],{"className":35,"code":99705,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[17,99707,99708],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99709,99710,99713,99715,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99711,99712],{"class":114},"bad_set ",[42,99714,88],{"class":87},[42,99716,99717],{"class":56}," {[",[42,99719,3320],{"class":2348},[42,99721,70],{"class":56},[42,99723,3325],{"class":2348},[42,99725,70],{"class":56},[42,99727,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99729,14063],{"class":56},[14,99731,99732],{},"This raises an error:",[33,99734,99735],{"className":35,"code":97246,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,99736,99737],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99738,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749,99751,99753],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99740,3338],{"class":834},[42,99742,1935],{"class":56},[42,99744,97257],{"class":114},[42,99746,835],{"class":834},[42,99748,1935],{"class":56},[42,99750,862],{"class":60},[42,99752,8443],{"class":64},[42,99754,30059],{"class":60},[14,99756,52443],{},[33,99758,99760],{"className":35,"code":99759,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[17,99761,99762],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99763,99764,99766,99768,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99765,99712],{"class":114},[42,99767,88],{"class":87},[42,99769,99770],{"class":56}," {{",[42,99772,61],{"class":60},[42,99774,8016],{"class":64},[42,99776,61],{"class":60},[42,99778,1935],{"class":56},[42,99780,73],{"class":60},[42,99782,8025],{"class":64},[42,99784,61],{"class":60},[42,99786,99787],{"class":56},"}}\n",[14,99789,99790],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[28,99792,99794],{"id":99793},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1073,99796,99798],{"id":99797},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[33,99800,99802],{"className":35,"code":99801,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,99803,99804,99828],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99805,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99807,3952],{"class":114},[42,99809,88],{"class":87},[42,99811,10842],{"class":56},[42,99813,3320],{"class":2348},[42,99815,70],{"class":56},[42,99817,3325],{"class":2348},[42,99819,70],{"class":56},[42,99821,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99823,70],{"class":56},[42,99825,2787],{"class":2348},[42,99827,9659],{"class":56},[42,99829,99830,99832,99834,99836],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99831,284],{"class":52},[42,99833,57],{"class":56},[42,99835,3984],{"class":125},[42,99837,143],{"class":56},[1073,99839,99841],{"id":99840},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[33,99843,99845],{"className":35,"code":99844,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[17,99846,99847,99875,99890,99894],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99848,99849,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99850,8128],{"class":114},[42,99852,88],{"class":87},[42,99854,3957],{"class":56},[42,99856,3320],{"class":2348},[42,99858,70],{"class":56},[42,99860,5842],{"class":2348},[42,99862,70],{"class":56},[42,99864,3325],{"class":2348},[42,99866,70],{"class":56},[42,99868,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99870,70],{"class":56},[42,99872,2781],{"class":2348},[42,99874,3970],{"class":56},[42,99876,99877,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99878,99879],{"class":114},"unique_items ",[42,99881,88],{"class":87},[42,99883,15991],{"class":834},[42,99885,57],{"class":56},[42,99887,8159],{"class":125},[42,99889,143],{"class":56},[42,99891,99892],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,99893,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,99895,99896,99898,99900,99903],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,99897,284],{"class":52},[42,99899,57],{"class":56},[42,99901,99902],{"class":125},"unique_items",[42,99904,143],{"class":56},[1073,99906,99252],{"id":99907},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[33,99909,99911],{"className":35,"code":99910,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,99912,99913,99931],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99914,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99916,36450],{"class":114},[42,99918,88],{"class":87},[42,99920,15991],{"class":834},[42,99922,57],{"class":56},[42,99924,61],{"class":60},[42,99926,4427],{"class":64},[42,99928,61],{"class":60},[42,99930,143],{"class":56},[42,99932,99933,99935,99937,99939],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99934,284],{"class":52},[42,99936,57],{"class":56},[42,99938,36503],{"class":125},[42,99940,143],{"class":56},[1073,99942,99944],{"id":99943},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[33,99946,99948],{"className":35,"code":99947,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[17,99949,99950,99960],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99951,99952,99954,99956,99958],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99953,98390],{"class":114},[42,99955,88],{"class":87},[42,99957,15991],{"class":834},[42,99959,129],{"class":56},[42,99961,99962,99964,99966,99968],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,99963,284],{"class":52},[42,99965,57],{"class":56},[42,99967,98409],{"class":125},[42,99969,143],{"class":56},[28,99971,1929],{"id":1928},[14,99973,99974],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1073,99976,1940,99978,99980],{"id":99977},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[17,99979,4129],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99982,99983],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[33,99985,99987],{"className":35,"code":99986,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,99988,99989,99997],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,99990,99991,99993,99995],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,99992,2776],{"class":114},[42,99994,88],{"class":87},[42,99996,10189],{"class":56},[42,99998,99999,100001,100003,100005,100007,100009],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100000,284],{"class":52},[42,100002,57],{"class":56},[42,100004,835],{"class":834},[42,100006,57],{"class":56},[42,100008,2803],{"class":125},[42,100010,842],{"class":56},[14,100012,100013],{},"This prints:",[33,100015,100016],{"className":35,"code":9158,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,100017,100018],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100019,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100021,855],{"class":87},[42,100023,859],{"class":858},[42,100025,862],{"class":60},[42,100027,9171],{"class":64},[42,100029,868],{"class":60},[42,100031,871],{"class":87},[14,100033,146,100034,6978],{},[17,100035,4134],{},[1073,100037,100039],{"id":100038},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,100041,100042],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[33,100044,100046],{"className":35,"code":100045,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,100047,100048,100076],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100051,3952],{"class":114},[42,100053,88],{"class":87},[42,100055,10842],{"class":56},[42,100057,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100059,70],{"class":56},[42,100061,5842],{"class":2348},[42,100063,70],{"class":56},[42,100065,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100067,70],{"class":56},[42,100069,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100071,70],{"class":56},[42,100073,2781],{"class":2348},[42,100075,9659],{"class":56},[42,100077,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100079,284],{"class":52},[42,100081,57],{"class":56},[42,100083,3984],{"class":125},[42,100085,143],{"class":56},[14,100087,100088],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1073,100090,100092],{"id":100091},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,100094,100095],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,100097,100098],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[33,100100,100102],{"className":35,"code":100101,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[17,100103,100104,100124],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100105,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118,100120,100122],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100107,3952],{"class":114},[42,100109,88],{"class":87},[42,100111,10842],{"class":56},[42,100113,2659],{"class":2348},[42,100115,70],{"class":56},[42,100117,8139],{"class":2348},[42,100119,70],{"class":56},[42,100121,8144],{"class":2348},[42,100123,9659],{"class":56},[42,100125,100126],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100127,100128],{"class":525},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,100130,100131],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1073,100133,100135],{"id":100134},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,100137,100138],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[33,100140,100142],{"className":35,"code":100141,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[17,100143,100144,100149],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100145,100146],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100147,100148],{"class":525},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[42,100150,100151],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100152,100153],{"class":525},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,100155,100156,100157,122],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[17,100158,3338],{},[1073,100160,100162],{"id":100161},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,100164,100165],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[33,100167,100169],{"className":35,"code":100168,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[17,100170,100171,100191,100223,100227,100241],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100172,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100174,15986],{"class":114},[42,100176,88],{"class":87},[42,100178,10842],{"class":56},[42,100180,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100182,70],{"class":56},[42,100184,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100186,70],{"class":56},[42,100188,2781],{"class":2348},[42,100190,9659],{"class":56},[42,100192,100193,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100194,12079],{"class":114},[42,100196,88],{"class":87},[42,100198,10842],{"class":56},[42,100200,61],{"class":60},[42,100202,693],{"class":64},[42,100204,61],{"class":60},[42,100206,1935],{"class":56},[42,100208,5842],{"class":2348},[42,100210,70],{"class":56},[42,100212,73],{"class":60},[42,100214,5102],{"class":64},[42,100216,61],{"class":60},[42,100218,1935],{"class":56},[42,100220,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100222,9659],{"class":56},[42,100224,100225],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,100226,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,100228,100229,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,100230,284],{"class":52},[42,100232,57],{"class":56},[42,100234,835],{"class":834},[42,100236,57],{"class":56},[42,100238,16024],{"class":125},[42,100240,842],{"class":56},[42,100242,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251,100253],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,100244,284],{"class":52},[42,100246,57],{"class":56},[42,100248,835],{"class":834},[42,100250,57],{"class":56},[42,100252,11804],{"class":125},[42,100254,842],{"class":56},[28,100256,92883],{"id":92882},[14,100258,100259],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[33,100261,100263],{"className":35,"code":100262,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[17,100264,100265,100291,100295,100309,100319,100333,100340],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100266,100267,100269,100271,100273,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100268,15986],{"class":114},[42,100270,88],{"class":87},[42,100272,15991],{"class":834},[42,100274,3317],{"class":56},[42,100276,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100278,70],{"class":56},[42,100280,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100282,70],{"class":56},[42,100284,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100286,70],{"class":56},[42,100288,2781],{"class":2348},[42,100290,4226],{"class":56},[42,100292,100293],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100294,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,100296,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,100298,284],{"class":52},[42,100300,57],{"class":56},[42,100302,835],{"class":834},[42,100304,57],{"class":56},[42,100306,16024],{"class":125},[42,100308,842],{"class":56},[42,100310,100311,100313,100315,100317],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,100312,284],{"class":52},[42,100314,57],{"class":56},[42,100316,16024],{"class":125},[42,100318,143],{"class":56},[42,100320,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,100322,284],{"class":52},[42,100324,57],{"class":56},[42,100326,11515],{"class":52},[42,100328,57],{"class":56},[42,100330,16024],{"class":125},[42,100332,842],{"class":56},[42,100334,100335,100337],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,100336,284],{"class":52},[42,100338,100339],{"class":56},"({})\n",[42,100341,100342,100344,100346,100348],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,100343,284],{"class":52},[42,100345,57],{"class":56},[42,100347,6633],{"class":834},[42,100349,584],{"class":56},[14,100351,100352],{},"Use these to confirm:",[167,100354,100355,100358,100361,100364],{},[170,100356,100357],{},"The object type",[170,100359,100360],{},"The actual values stored",[170,100362,100363],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[170,100365,100366,100367,1753,100369],{},"The difference between ",[17,100368,4129],{},[17,100370,4134],{},[28,100372,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,100374,100376],{"id":100375},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,100378,100379,100380,100383,100384,100386],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[17,100381,100382],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[17,100385,4134],{}," with another iterable.",[1073,100388,100390],{"id":100389},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,100392,146,100393,100395,100396,100398],{},[17,100394,4134],{},". Empty braces ",[17,100397,4129],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1073,100400,100402],{"id":100401},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,100404,100405],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1073,100407,100409],{"id":100408},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,100411,100412],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1073,100414,100416],{"id":100415},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,100418,100419],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[28,100421,2205],{"id":2204},[167,100423,100424,100428,100434,100440,100445],{},[170,100425,100426],{},[693,100427,96428],{"href":97599},[170,100429,100430],{},[693,100431,3908,100432,11093],{"href":98600},[17,100433,96308],{},[170,100435,100436],{},[693,100437,3908,100438,11093],{"href":98619},[17,100439,97414],{},[170,100441,100442],{},[693,100443,100444],{"href":99177},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[170,100446,100447],{},[693,100448,100449],{"href":98891},"What is a set in Python?",[14,100451,100452],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2245,100454,100455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":100457},[100458,100459,100460,100461,100464,100470,100474,100475,100476,100482,100490,100491,100498],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":15519,"depth":111,"text":15520},{"id":98863,"depth":111,"text":98864},{"id":98895,"depth":111,"text":98896,"children":100462},[100463],{"id":98964,"depth":132,"text":98965},{"id":99068,"depth":111,"text":100465,"children":100466},"Create a set with set()",[100467,100468,100469],{"id":99093,"depth":132,"text":99094},{"id":99181,"depth":132,"text":99182},{"id":99251,"depth":132,"text":99252},{"id":99336,"depth":111,"text":99337,"children":100471},[100472],{"id":99413,"depth":132,"text":100473},"Do not use {}",{"id":72630,"depth":111,"text":72631},{"id":99621,"depth":111,"text":99622},{"id":99793,"depth":111,"text":99794,"children":100477},[100478,100479,100480,100481],{"id":99797,"depth":132,"text":99798},{"id":99840,"depth":132,"text":99841},{"id":99907,"depth":132,"text":99252},{"id":99943,"depth":132,"text":99944},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":100483},[100484,100486,100487,100488,100489],{"id":99977,"depth":132,"text":100485},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100038,"depth":132,"text":100039},{"id":100091,"depth":132,"text":100092},{"id":100134,"depth":132,"text":100135},{"id":100161,"depth":132,"text":100162},{"id":92882,"depth":111,"text":92883},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":100492},[100493,100494,100495,100496,100497],{"id":100375,"depth":132,"text":100376},{"id":100389,"depth":132,"text":100390},{"id":100401,"depth":132,"text":100402},{"id":100408,"depth":132,"text":100409},{"id":100415,"depth":132,"text":100416},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98666,"description":100499},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100505,"title":100506,"body":100507,"description":102938,"extension":2285,"meta":102939,"navigation":2287,"path":102940,"seo":102941,"stem":102942,"__hash__":102943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100508,"toc":102903},[100509,100515,100521,100524,100526,100603,100605,100622,100632,100634,100639,100647,100649,100665,100669,100671,100673,100676,100697,100700,100724,100730,100732,100829,100831,100848,100858,100860,100862,100870,100872,100883,100885,100976,100978,101002,101013,101015,101017,101020,101150,101152,101225,101227,101248,101251,101253,101259,101264,101267,101394,101396,101413,101416,101418,101426,101429,101433,101441,101532,101534,101571,101576,101583,101660,101662,101678,101683,101688,101690,101699,101707,101788,101790,101819,101822,101826,101837,101840,101923,101925,101946,101952,101954,101956,101960,101964,101971,102036,102038,102058,102061,102130,102132,102148,102152,102158,102170,102178,102180,102265,102267,102296,102299,102303,102308,102310,102360,102363,102444,102446,102462,102466,102469,102544,102547,102551,102554,102631,102633,102666,102672,102676,102679,102814,102816,102830,102832,102834,102840,102843,102850,102858,102864,102867,102871,102874,102876,102878,102900],[10,100510,96300,100512,11676],{"id":100511},"python-set-difference-method",[17,100513,100514],{},"difference()",[14,100516,100517,100520],{},[17,100518,100519],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100522,100523],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[28,100525,3942],{"id":3941},[33,100527,100529],{"className":35,"code":100528,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,100530,100531,100555,100575,100593],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100532,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100534,2886],{"class":114},[42,100536,88],{"class":87},[42,100538,10842],{"class":56},[42,100540,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100542,70],{"class":56},[42,100544,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100546,70],{"class":56},[42,100548,2781],{"class":2348},[42,100550,70],{"class":56},[42,100552,2787],{"class":2348},[42,100554,9659],{"class":56},[42,100556,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100558,2914],{"class":114},[42,100560,88],{"class":87},[42,100562,10842],{"class":56},[42,100564,2387],{"class":2348},[42,100566,70],{"class":56},[42,100568,2787],{"class":2348},[42,100570,70],{"class":56},[42,100572,4946],{"class":2348},[42,100574,9659],{"class":56},[42,100576,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,100578,2555],{"class":114},[42,100580,88],{"class":87},[42,100582,57252],{"class":114},[42,100584,122],{"class":56},[42,100586,3144],{"class":125},[42,100588,57],{"class":56},[42,100590,5102],{"class":125},[42,100592,143],{"class":56},[42,100594,100595,100597,100599,100601],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,100596,284],{"class":52},[42,100598,57],{"class":56},[42,100600,2592],{"class":125},[42,100602,143],{"class":56},[14,100604,2395],{},[33,100606,100608],{"className":35,"code":100607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2}\n",[17,100609,100610],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100611,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100613,9628],{"class":56},[42,100615,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100617,70],{"class":56},[42,100619,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100621,9659],{"class":56},[14,100623,100624,100626,100627,100629,100630,122],{},[17,100625,100514],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[17,100628,693],{}," that are not in ",[17,100631,5102],{},[45279,100633],{},[28,100635,4013,100637,4016],{"id":100636},"what-difference-does",[17,100638,100514],{},[14,100640,2303,100641,100643,100644,100646],{},[17,100642,100514],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[177,100645,179],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100648,13409],{},[167,100650,100651,100656,100659,100662],{},[170,100652,100653,100655],{},[17,100654,100514],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[170,100657,100658],{},"It creates a new set",[170,100660,100661],{},"It does not change the original set",[170,100663,100664],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100666,96424,100667,122],{},[693,100668,96428],{"href":97599},[45279,100670],{},[28,100672,312],{"id":311},[14,100674,100675],{},"Use this form:",[33,100677,100679],{"className":35,"code":100678,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[17,100680,100681],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100682,100683,100686,100688,100690,100692,100695],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100684,100685],{"class":114},"set1",[42,100687,122],{"class":56},[42,100689,3144],{"class":125},[42,100691,57],{"class":56},[42,100693,100694],{"class":125},"set2",[42,100696,143],{"class":56},[14,100698,100699],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[33,100701,100703],{"className":35,"code":100702,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[17,100704,100705],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100706,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100722],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100708,100685],{"class":114},[42,100710,122],{"class":56},[42,100712,3144],{"class":125},[42,100714,57],{"class":56},[42,100716,100694],{"class":125},[42,100718,70],{"class":56},[42,100720,100721],{"class":125}," set3",[42,100723,143],{"class":56},[14,100725,100726,100727,100729],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[177,100728,5697],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100731,219],{},[33,100733,100735],{"className":35,"code":100734,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,100736,100737,100765,100781,100793,100797,100819],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100738,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747,100749,100751,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100740,2886],{"class":114},[42,100742,88],{"class":87},[42,100744,10842],{"class":56},[42,100746,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100748,70],{"class":56},[42,100750,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100752,70],{"class":56},[42,100754,2781],{"class":2348},[42,100756,70],{"class":56},[42,100758,2787],{"class":2348},[42,100760,70],{"class":56},[42,100762,4946],{"class":2348},[42,100764,9659],{"class":56},[42,100766,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100768,2914],{"class":114},[42,100770,88],{"class":87},[42,100772,10842],{"class":56},[42,100774,2381],{"class":2348},[42,100776,70],{"class":56},[42,100778,2781],{"class":2348},[42,100780,9659],{"class":56},[42,100782,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,100784,83548],{"class":114},[42,100786,88],{"class":87},[42,100788,10842],{"class":56},[42,100790,2461],{"class":2348},[42,100792,9659],{"class":56},[42,100794,100795],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,100796,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,100798,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,100800,2555],{"class":114},[42,100802,88],{"class":87},[42,100804,57252],{"class":114},[42,100806,122],{"class":56},[42,100808,3144],{"class":125},[42,100810,57],{"class":56},[42,100812,5102],{"class":125},[42,100814,70],{"class":56},[42,100816,10032],{"class":125},[42,100818,143],{"class":56},[42,100820,100821,100823,100825,100827],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,100822,284],{"class":52},[42,100824,57],{"class":56},[42,100826,2592],{"class":125},[42,100828,143],{"class":56},[14,100830,2395],{},[33,100832,100834],{"className":35,"code":100833,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 4}\n",[17,100835,100836],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100837,100838,100840,100842,100844,100846],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100839,9628],{"class":56},[42,100841,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100843,70],{"class":56},[42,100845,2787],{"class":2348},[42,100847,9659],{"class":56},[14,100849,100850,100851,100853,100854,1327,100856,122],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[17,100852,693],{}," and removes anything found in ",[17,100855,5102],{},[17,100857,10090],{},[45279,100859],{},[28,100861,17778],{"id":17777},[14,100863,100864,100866,100867,122],{},[17,100865,100514],{}," always returns a ",[177,100868,100869],{},"new set",[14,100871,44012],{},[167,100873,100874,100877,100880],{},[170,100875,100876],{},"The return value is a new set",[170,100878,100879],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[170,100881,100882],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100884,219],{},[33,100886,100888],{"className":35,"code":100887,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,100889,100890,100906,100926,100930,100948,100952,100962],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100891,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100893,2886],{"class":114},[42,100895,88],{"class":87},[42,100897,10842],{"class":56},[42,100899,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100901,70],{"class":56},[42,100903,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100905,9659],{"class":56},[42,100907,100908,100910,100912,100914,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100909,2914],{"class":114},[42,100911,88],{"class":87},[42,100913,10842],{"class":56},[42,100915,3320],{"class":2348},[42,100917,70],{"class":56},[42,100919,3325],{"class":2348},[42,100921,70],{"class":56},[42,100923,2781],{"class":2348},[42,100925,9659],{"class":56},[42,100927,100928],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,100929,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,100931,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,100933,2555],{"class":114},[42,100935,88],{"class":87},[42,100937,57252],{"class":114},[42,100939,122],{"class":56},[42,100941,3144],{"class":125},[42,100943,57],{"class":56},[42,100945,5102],{"class":125},[42,100947,143],{"class":56},[42,100949,100950],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,100951,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,100953,100954,100956,100958,100960],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,100955,284],{"class":52},[42,100957,57],{"class":56},[42,100959,2592],{"class":125},[42,100961,143],{"class":56},[42,100963,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,100965,284],{"class":52},[42,100967,57],{"class":56},[42,100969,835],{"class":834},[42,100971,57],{"class":56},[42,100973,2592],{"class":125},[42,100975,842],{"class":56},[14,100977,2395],{},[33,100979,100980],{"className":35,"code":99388,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,100981,100982,100988],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,100983,100984,100986],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,100985,6633],{"class":834},[42,100987,129],{"class":56},[42,100989,100990,100992,100994,100996,100998,101000],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,100991,855],{"class":87},[42,100993,859],{"class":858},[42,100995,862],{"class":60},[42,100997,6633],{"class":64},[42,100999,868],{"class":60},[42,101001,871],{"class":87},[14,101003,101004,101005,19322,101007,101009,101010,101012],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[17,101006,4134],{},[17,101008,4129],{},". In Python, ",[17,101011,4129],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45279,101014],{},[28,101016,11829],{"id":11828},[14,101018,101019],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[33,101021,101023],{"className":35,"code":101022,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[17,101024,101025,101058,101091,101095,101115,101119,101129,101140],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101026,101027,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101028,101029],{"class":114},"fruits_a ",[42,101031,88],{"class":87},[42,101033,10842],{"class":56},[42,101035,61],{"class":60},[42,101037,4418],{"class":64},[42,101039,61],{"class":60},[42,101041,70],{"class":56},[42,101043,73],{"class":60},[42,101045,4427],{"class":64},[42,101047,61],{"class":60},[42,101049,70],{"class":56},[42,101051,73],{"class":60},[42,101053,33581],{"class":64},[42,101055,61],{"class":60},[42,101057,9659],{"class":56},[42,101059,101060,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101061,101062],{"class":114},"fruits_b ",[42,101064,88],{"class":87},[42,101066,10842],{"class":56},[42,101068,61],{"class":60},[42,101070,4427],{"class":64},[42,101072,61],{"class":60},[42,101074,70],{"class":56},[42,101076,73],{"class":60},[42,101078,33581],{"class":64},[42,101080,61],{"class":60},[42,101082,70],{"class":56},[42,101084,73],{"class":60},[42,101086,22890],{"class":64},[42,101088,61],{"class":60},[42,101090,9659],{"class":56},[42,101092,101093],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,101094,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101096,101097,101099,101101,101104,101106,101108,101110,101113],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,101098,2555],{"class":114},[42,101100,88],{"class":87},[42,101102,101103],{"class":114}," fruits_a",[42,101105,122],{"class":56},[42,101107,3144],{"class":125},[42,101109,57],{"class":56},[42,101111,101112],{"class":125},"fruits_b",[42,101114,143],{"class":56},[42,101116,101117],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,101118,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101120,101121,101123,101125,101127],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,101122,284],{"class":52},[42,101124,57],{"class":56},[42,101126,2592],{"class":125},[42,101128,143],{"class":56},[42,101130,101131,101133,101135,101138],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,101132,284],{"class":52},[42,101134,57],{"class":56},[42,101136,101137],{"class":125},"fruits_a",[42,101139,143],{"class":56},[42,101141,101142,101144,101146,101148],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,101143,284],{"class":52},[42,101145,57],{"class":56},[42,101147,101112],{"class":125},[42,101149,143],{"class":56},[14,101151,845],{},[33,101153,101155],{"className":35,"code":101154,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[17,101156,101157,101169,101197],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101158,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101160,9628],{"class":56},[42,101162,868],{"class":60},[42,101164,4418],{"class":64},[42,101166,868],{"class":60},[42,101168,9659],{"class":56},[42,101170,101171,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101172,9628],{"class":56},[42,101174,868],{"class":60},[42,101176,4427],{"class":64},[42,101178,868],{"class":60},[42,101180,70],{"class":56},[42,101182,862],{"class":60},[42,101184,33581],{"class":64},[42,101186,868],{"class":60},[42,101188,70],{"class":56},[42,101190,862],{"class":60},[42,101192,4418],{"class":64},[42,101194,868],{"class":60},[42,101196,9659],{"class":56},[42,101198,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221,101223],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,101200,9628],{"class":56},[42,101202,868],{"class":60},[42,101204,4427],{"class":64},[42,101206,868],{"class":60},[42,101208,70],{"class":56},[42,101210,862],{"class":60},[42,101212,33581],{"class":64},[42,101214,868],{"class":60},[42,101216,70],{"class":56},[42,101218,862],{"class":60},[42,101220,22890],{"class":64},[42,101222,868],{"class":60},[42,101224,9659],{"class":56},[14,101226,12038],{},[167,101228,101229,101234,101239,101245],{},[170,101230,101231,101232],{},"Start with ",[17,101233,101137],{},[170,101235,101236,101237],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[17,101238,101112],{},[170,101240,101241,101242,101244],{},"Only ",[17,101243,58198],{}," remains",[170,101246,101247],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,101249,101250],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45279,101252],{},[28,101254,1940,101256,101258],{"id":101255},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[17,101257,100514],{}," with multiple sets",[14,101260,101261,101262,122],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[17,101263,100514],{},[14,101265,101266],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[33,101268,101270],{"className":35,"code":101269,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,101271,101272,101304,101321,101334,101351,101355,101384],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101273,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101275,3952],{"class":114},[42,101277,88],{"class":87},[42,101279,10842],{"class":56},[42,101281,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101283,70],{"class":56},[42,101285,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101287,70],{"class":56},[42,101289,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101291,70],{"class":56},[42,101293,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101295,70],{"class":56},[42,101297,4946],{"class":2348},[42,101299,70],{"class":56},[42,101301,38005],{"class":2348},[42,101303,9659],{"class":56},[42,101305,101306,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101307,101308],{"class":114},"group_a ",[42,101310,88],{"class":87},[42,101312,10842],{"class":56},[42,101314,2381],{"class":2348},[42,101316,70],{"class":56},[42,101318,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101320,9659],{"class":56},[42,101322,101323,101326,101328,101330,101332],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,101324,101325],{"class":114},"group_b ",[42,101327,88],{"class":87},[42,101329,10842],{"class":56},[42,101331,2461],{"class":2348},[42,101333,9659],{"class":56},[42,101335,101336,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,101337,101338],{"class":114},"group_c ",[42,101340,88],{"class":87},[42,101342,10842],{"class":56},[42,101344,80956],{"class":2348},[42,101346,70],{"class":56},[42,101348,6339],{"class":2348},[42,101350,9659],{"class":56},[42,101352,101353],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,101354,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101356,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101372,101374,101377,101379,101382],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,101358,2555],{"class":114},[42,101360,88],{"class":87},[42,101362,4603],{"class":114},[42,101364,122],{"class":56},[42,101366,3144],{"class":125},[42,101368,57],{"class":56},[42,101370,101371],{"class":125},"group_a",[42,101373,70],{"class":56},[42,101375,101376],{"class":125}," group_b",[42,101378,70],{"class":56},[42,101380,101381],{"class":125}," group_c",[42,101383,143],{"class":56},[42,101385,101386,101388,101390,101392],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,101387,284],{"class":52},[42,101389,57],{"class":56},[42,101391,2592],{"class":125},[42,101393,143],{"class":56},[14,101395,2395],{},[33,101397,101399],{"className":35,"code":101398,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 3}\n",[17,101400,101401],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101402,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101404,9628],{"class":56},[42,101406,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101408,70],{"class":56},[42,101410,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101412,9659],{"class":56},[14,101414,101415],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45279,101417],{},[28,101419,101421,10937,101423],{"id":101420},"difference-vs-difference_update",[17,101422,100514],{},[17,101424,101425],{},"difference_update()",[14,101427,101428],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1073,101430,101431],{"id":3144},[17,101432,100514],{},[167,101434,101435,101438],{},[170,101436,101437],{},"Returns a new set",[170,101439,101440],{},"Does not change the original set",[33,101442,101444],{"className":35,"code":101443,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101445,101446,101470,101486,101490,101508,101512,101522],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466,101468],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101449,2886],{"class":114},[42,101451,88],{"class":87},[42,101453,10842],{"class":56},[42,101455,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101457,70],{"class":56},[42,101459,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101461,70],{"class":56},[42,101463,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101465,70],{"class":56},[42,101467,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101469,9659],{"class":56},[42,101471,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101473,2914],{"class":114},[42,101475,88],{"class":87},[42,101477,10842],{"class":56},[42,101479,2387],{"class":2348},[42,101481,70],{"class":56},[42,101483,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101485,9659],{"class":56},[42,101487,101488],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,101489,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101491,101492,101494,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,101493,2555],{"class":114},[42,101495,88],{"class":87},[42,101497,57252],{"class":114},[42,101499,122],{"class":56},[42,101501,3144],{"class":125},[42,101503,57],{"class":56},[42,101505,5102],{"class":125},[42,101507,143],{"class":56},[42,101509,101510],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,101511,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101513,101514,101516,101518,101520],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,101515,284],{"class":52},[42,101517,57],{"class":56},[42,101519,2592],{"class":125},[42,101521,143],{"class":56},[42,101523,101524,101526,101528,101530],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,101525,284],{"class":52},[42,101527,57],{"class":56},[42,101529,693],{"class":125},[42,101531,143],{"class":56},[14,101533,2395],{},[33,101535,101537],{"className":35,"code":101536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,101538,101539,101551],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101540,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101542,9628],{"class":56},[42,101544,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101546,70],{"class":56},[42,101548,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101550,9659],{"class":56},[42,101552,101553,101555,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101554,9628],{"class":56},[42,101556,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101558,70],{"class":56},[42,101560,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101562,70],{"class":56},[42,101564,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101566,70],{"class":56},[42,101568,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101570,9659],{"class":56},[1073,101572,101574],{"id":101573},"difference_update",[17,101575,101425],{},[167,101577,101578,101581],{},[170,101579,101580],{},"Changes the original set",[170,101582,96418],{},[33,101584,101586],{"className":35,"code":101585,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[17,101587,101588,101612,101628,101632,101646,101650],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101589,101590,101592,101594,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101591,2886],{"class":114},[42,101593,88],{"class":87},[42,101595,10842],{"class":56},[42,101597,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101599,70],{"class":56},[42,101601,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101603,70],{"class":56},[42,101605,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101607,70],{"class":56},[42,101609,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101611,9659],{"class":56},[42,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101615,2914],{"class":114},[42,101617,88],{"class":87},[42,101619,10842],{"class":56},[42,101621,2387],{"class":2348},[42,101623,70],{"class":56},[42,101625,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101627,9659],{"class":56},[42,101629,101630],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,101631,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101633,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,101635,693],{"class":114},[42,101637,122],{"class":56},[42,101639,101573],{"class":125},[42,101641,57],{"class":56},[42,101643,5102],{"class":125},[42,101645,143],{"class":56},[42,101647,101648],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,101649,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101651,101652,101654,101656,101658],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,101653,284],{"class":52},[42,101655,57],{"class":56},[42,101657,693],{"class":125},[42,101659,143],{"class":56},[14,101661,2395],{},[33,101663,101664],{"className":35,"code":100607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,101665,101666],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101667,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101669,9628],{"class":56},[42,101671,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101673,70],{"class":56},[42,101675,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101677,9659],{"class":56},[14,101679,146,101680,101682],{},[17,101681,100514],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101684,101685,101686,33961],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[17,101687,101425],{},[45279,101689],{},[28,101691,101693,101695,101696,101698],{"id":101692},"difference-vs-the-operator",[17,101694,100514],{}," vs the ",[17,101697,2345],{}," operator",[14,101700,2303,101701,101703,101704,101706],{},[17,101702,2345],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[17,101705,100514],{}," for two sets.",[33,101708,101710],{"className":35,"code":101709,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[17,101711,101712,101736,101752,101756,101774],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101713,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101715,2886],{"class":114},[42,101717,88],{"class":87},[42,101719,10842],{"class":56},[42,101721,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101723,70],{"class":56},[42,101725,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101727,70],{"class":56},[42,101729,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101731,70],{"class":56},[42,101733,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101735,9659],{"class":56},[42,101737,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101739,2914],{"class":114},[42,101741,88],{"class":87},[42,101743,10842],{"class":56},[42,101745,2387],{"class":2348},[42,101747,70],{"class":56},[42,101749,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101751,9659],{"class":56},[42,101753,101754],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,101755,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101757,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,101759,284],{"class":52},[42,101761,57],{"class":56},[42,101763,693],{"class":125},[42,101765,122],{"class":56},[42,101767,3144],{"class":125},[42,101769,57],{"class":56},[42,101771,5102],{"class":125},[42,101773,842],{"class":56},[42,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,101777,284],{"class":52},[42,101779,57],{"class":56},[42,101781,2886],{"class":125},[42,101783,2345],{"class":87},[42,101785,2891],{"class":125},[42,101787,143],{"class":56},[14,101789,2395],{},[33,101791,101793],{"className":35,"code":101792,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[17,101794,101795,101807],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101798,9628],{"class":56},[42,101800,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101802,70],{"class":56},[42,101804,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101806,9659],{"class":56},[42,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101810,9628],{"class":56},[42,101812,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101814,70],{"class":56},[42,101816,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101818,9659],{"class":56},[14,101820,101821],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101823,94688,101824,2823],{},[17,101825,100514],{},[167,101827,101828,101831,101834],{},[170,101829,101830],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[170,101832,101833],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[170,101835,101836],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101838,101839],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[33,101841,101843],{"className":35,"code":101842,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[17,101844,101845,101873,101885,101897,101901],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101846,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101848,2886],{"class":114},[42,101850,88],{"class":87},[42,101852,10842],{"class":56},[42,101854,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101856,70],{"class":56},[42,101858,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101860,70],{"class":56},[42,101862,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101864,70],{"class":56},[42,101866,2787],{"class":2348},[42,101868,70],{"class":56},[42,101870,4946],{"class":2348},[42,101872,9659],{"class":56},[42,101874,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101876,2914],{"class":114},[42,101878,88],{"class":87},[42,101880,10842],{"class":56},[42,101882,2381],{"class":2348},[42,101884,9659],{"class":56},[42,101886,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,101888,83548],{"class":114},[42,101890,88],{"class":87},[42,101892,10842],{"class":56},[42,101894,2836],{"class":2348},[42,101896,9659],{"class":56},[42,101898,101899],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,101900,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,101904,284],{"class":52},[42,101906,57],{"class":56},[42,101908,693],{"class":125},[42,101910,122],{"class":56},[42,101912,3144],{"class":125},[42,101914,57],{"class":56},[42,101916,5102],{"class":125},[42,101918,70],{"class":56},[42,101920,10032],{"class":125},[42,101922,842],{"class":56},[14,101924,2395],{},[33,101926,101928],{"className":35,"code":101927,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[17,101929,101930],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101931,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101933,9628],{"class":56},[42,101935,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101937,70],{"class":56},[42,101939,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101941,70],{"class":56},[42,101943,4946],{"class":2348},[42,101945,9659],{"class":56},[14,101947,101948,101949,101951],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[17,101950,2345],{}," operator expression.",[45279,101953],{},[28,101955,4859],{"id":4858},[14,101957,21569,101958,122],{},[17,101959,100514],{},[1073,101961,101963],{"id":101962},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101965,4969,101966,101968,101969,1935],{},[177,101967,179],{}," change ",[17,101970,693],{},[33,101972,101974],{"className":35,"code":101973,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,101975,101976,101996,102008,102012,102026],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,101979,2886],{"class":114},[42,101981,88],{"class":87},[42,101983,10842],{"class":56},[42,101985,3320],{"class":2348},[42,101987,70],{"class":56},[42,101989,3325],{"class":2348},[42,101991,70],{"class":56},[42,101993,2781],{"class":2348},[42,101995,9659],{"class":56},[42,101997,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,101999,2914],{"class":114},[42,102001,88],{"class":87},[42,102003,10842],{"class":56},[42,102005,2387],{"class":2348},[42,102007,9659],{"class":56},[42,102009,102010],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102011,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102015,693],{"class":114},[42,102017,122],{"class":56},[42,102019,3144],{"class":125},[42,102021,57],{"class":56},[42,102023,5102],{"class":125},[42,102025,143],{"class":56},[42,102027,102028,102030,102032,102034],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,102029,284],{"class":52},[42,102031,57],{"class":56},[42,102033,693],{"class":125},[42,102035,143],{"class":56},[14,102037,2395],{},[33,102039,102040],{"className":35,"code":96707,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,102041,102042],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102043,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102045,9628],{"class":56},[42,102047,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102049,70],{"class":56},[42,102051,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102053,70],{"class":56},[42,102055,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102057,9659],{"class":56},[14,102059,102060],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[33,102062,102064],{"className":35,"code":102063,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,102065,102066,102086,102098,102102,102120],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102067,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102069,2886],{"class":114},[42,102071,88],{"class":87},[42,102073,10842],{"class":56},[42,102075,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102077,70],{"class":56},[42,102079,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102081,70],{"class":56},[42,102083,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102085,9659],{"class":56},[42,102087,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102089,2914],{"class":114},[42,102091,88],{"class":87},[42,102093,10842],{"class":56},[42,102095,2387],{"class":2348},[42,102097,9659],{"class":56},[42,102099,102100],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102101,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102103,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102105,2886],{"class":114},[42,102107,88],{"class":87},[42,102109,57252],{"class":114},[42,102111,122],{"class":56},[42,102113,3144],{"class":125},[42,102115,57],{"class":56},[42,102117,5102],{"class":125},[42,102119,143],{"class":56},[42,102121,102122,102124,102126,102128],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,102123,284],{"class":52},[42,102125,57],{"class":56},[42,102127,693],{"class":125},[42,102129,143],{"class":56},[14,102131,2395],{},[33,102133,102134],{"className":35,"code":100607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,102135,102136],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102137,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102139,9628],{"class":56},[42,102141,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102143,70],{"class":56},[42,102145,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102147,9659],{"class":56},[1073,102149,102151],{"id":102150},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,102153,102154,102157],{},[17,102155,102156],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[167,102159,102160,102165],{},[170,102161,102162,102163],{},"keep items from ",[17,102164,693],{},[170,102166,102167,102168],{},"remove anything also in ",[17,102169,5102],{},[14,102171,175,102172,102174,102175,102177],{},[177,102173,179],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[17,102176,5102],{},"”.",[14,102179,219],{},[33,102181,102183],{"className":35,"code":102182,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[17,102184,102185,102205,102225,102229,102247],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102186,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102188,2886],{"class":114},[42,102190,88],{"class":87},[42,102192,10842],{"class":56},[42,102194,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102196,70],{"class":56},[42,102198,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102200,70],{"class":56},[42,102202,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102204,9659],{"class":56},[42,102206,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102208,2914],{"class":114},[42,102210,88],{"class":87},[42,102212,10842],{"class":56},[42,102214,2387],{"class":2348},[42,102216,70],{"class":56},[42,102218,2787],{"class":2348},[42,102220,70],{"class":56},[42,102222,4946],{"class":2348},[42,102224,9659],{"class":56},[42,102226,102227],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102228,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102230,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102232,284],{"class":52},[42,102234,57],{"class":56},[42,102236,693],{"class":125},[42,102238,122],{"class":56},[42,102240,3144],{"class":125},[42,102242,57],{"class":56},[42,102244,5102],{"class":125},[42,102246,842],{"class":56},[42,102248,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,102250,284],{"class":52},[42,102252,57],{"class":56},[42,102254,5102],{"class":125},[42,102256,122],{"class":56},[42,102258,3144],{"class":125},[42,102260,57],{"class":56},[42,102262,693],{"class":125},[42,102264,842],{"class":56},[14,102266,2395],{},[33,102268,102270],{"className":35,"code":102269,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[17,102271,102272,102284],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102275,9628],{"class":56},[42,102277,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102279,70],{"class":56},[42,102281,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102283,9659],{"class":56},[42,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102287,9628],{"class":56},[42,102289,2836],{"class":2348},[42,102291,70],{"class":56},[42,102293,4946],{"class":2348},[42,102295,9659],{"class":56},[14,102297,102298],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1073,102300,102302],{"id":102301},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,102304,102305,102307],{},[17,102306,100514],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,102309,55683],{},[33,102311,102313],{"className":35,"code":102312,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[17,102314,102315,102335,102351,102355],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102316,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102318,2886],{"class":114},[42,102320,88],{"class":87},[42,102322,3957],{"class":56},[42,102324,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102326,70],{"class":56},[42,102328,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102330,70],{"class":56},[42,102332,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102334,3970],{"class":56},[42,102336,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102338,2914],{"class":114},[42,102340,88],{"class":87},[42,102342,3957],{"class":56},[42,102344,2387],{"class":2348},[42,102346,70],{"class":56},[42,102348,2787],{"class":2348},[42,102350,3970],{"class":56},[42,102352,102353],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102354,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102356,102357],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102358,102359],{"class":525},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,102361,102362],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[33,102364,102366],{"className":35,"code":102365,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[17,102367,102368,102388,102404,102408,102434],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102369,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102371,2886],{"class":114},[42,102373,88],{"class":87},[42,102375,3957],{"class":56},[42,102377,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102379,70],{"class":56},[42,102381,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102383,70],{"class":56},[42,102385,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102387,3970],{"class":56},[42,102389,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102391,2914],{"class":114},[42,102393,88],{"class":87},[42,102395,3957],{"class":56},[42,102397,2387],{"class":2348},[42,102399,70],{"class":56},[42,102401,2787],{"class":2348},[42,102403,3970],{"class":56},[42,102405,102406],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102407,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102409,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102411,2555],{"class":114},[42,102413,88],{"class":87},[42,102415,15991],{"class":834},[42,102417,57],{"class":56},[42,102419,693],{"class":125},[42,102421,8982],{"class":56},[42,102423,3144],{"class":125},[42,102425,57],{"class":56},[42,102427,6633],{"class":834},[42,102429,57],{"class":56},[42,102431,5102],{"class":125},[42,102433,842],{"class":56},[42,102435,102436,102438,102440,102442],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,102437,284],{"class":52},[42,102439,57],{"class":56},[42,102441,2592],{"class":125},[42,102443,143],{"class":56},[14,102445,2395],{},[33,102447,102448],{"className":35,"code":100607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,102449,102450],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102451,102452,102454,102456,102458,102460],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102453,9628],{"class":56},[42,102455,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102457,70],{"class":56},[42,102459,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102461,9659],{"class":56},[1073,102463,102465],{"id":102464},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,102467,102468],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[33,102470,102472],{"className":35,"code":102471,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[17,102473,102474,102506,102522,102526],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102475,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102477,2886],{"class":114},[42,102479,88],{"class":87},[42,102481,10842],{"class":56},[42,102483,61],{"class":60},[42,102485,37408],{"class":64},[42,102487,61],{"class":60},[42,102489,70],{"class":56},[42,102491,73],{"class":60},[42,102493,58492],{"class":64},[42,102495,61],{"class":60},[42,102497,70],{"class":56},[42,102499,73],{"class":60},[42,102501,58509],{"class":64},[42,102503,61],{"class":60},[42,102505,9659],{"class":56},[42,102507,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102509,2914],{"class":114},[42,102511,88],{"class":87},[42,102513,10842],{"class":56},[42,102515,61],{"class":60},[42,102517,58492],{"class":64},[42,102519,61],{"class":60},[42,102521,9659],{"class":56},[42,102523,102524],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102525,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102527,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102529,284],{"class":52},[42,102531,57],{"class":56},[42,102533,693],{"class":125},[42,102535,122],{"class":56},[42,102537,3144],{"class":125},[42,102539,57],{"class":56},[42,102541,5102],{"class":125},[42,102543,842],{"class":56},[14,102545,102546],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1073,102548,102550],{"id":102549},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102552,102553],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[33,102555,102557],{"className":35,"code":102556,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[17,102558,102559,102587,102599,102603,102613],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102560,102561,102563,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102562,2886],{"class":114},[42,102564,88],{"class":87},[42,102566,10842],{"class":56},[42,102568,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102570,70],{"class":56},[42,102572,5842],{"class":2348},[42,102574,70],{"class":56},[42,102576,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102578,70],{"class":56},[42,102580,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102582,70],{"class":56},[42,102584,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102586,9659],{"class":56},[42,102588,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102590,2914],{"class":114},[42,102592,88],{"class":87},[42,102594,10842],{"class":56},[42,102596,2387],{"class":2348},[42,102598,9659],{"class":56},[42,102600,102601],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102602,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102604,102605,102607,102609,102611],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102606,284],{"class":52},[42,102608,57],{"class":56},[42,102610,693],{"class":125},[42,102612,143],{"class":56},[42,102614,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,102616,284],{"class":52},[42,102618,57],{"class":56},[42,102620,693],{"class":125},[42,102622,122],{"class":56},[42,102624,3144],{"class":125},[42,102626,57],{"class":56},[42,102628,5102],{"class":125},[42,102630,842],{"class":56},[14,102632,2395],{},[33,102634,102636],{"className":35,"code":102635,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[17,102637,102638,102654],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102639,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102641,9628],{"class":56},[42,102643,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102645,70],{"class":56},[42,102647,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102649,70],{"class":56},[42,102651,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102653,9659],{"class":56},[42,102655,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102657,9628],{"class":56},[42,102659,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102661,70],{"class":56},[42,102663,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102665,9659],{"class":56},[14,102667,102668,102669,102671],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[17,102670,100514],{}," runs.",[1073,102673,102675],{"id":102674},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102677,102678],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[33,102680,102682],{"className":35,"code":102681,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[17,102683,102684,102708,102728,102732,102742,102752,102770,102792],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102685,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102687,2886],{"class":114},[42,102689,88],{"class":87},[42,102691,10842],{"class":56},[42,102693,3320],{"class":2348},[42,102695,70],{"class":56},[42,102697,3325],{"class":2348},[42,102699,70],{"class":56},[42,102701,2781],{"class":2348},[42,102703,70],{"class":56},[42,102705,2787],{"class":2348},[42,102707,9659],{"class":56},[42,102709,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724,102726],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,102711,2914],{"class":114},[42,102713,88],{"class":87},[42,102715,10842],{"class":56},[42,102717,2387],{"class":2348},[42,102719,70],{"class":56},[42,102721,2787],{"class":2348},[42,102723,70],{"class":56},[42,102725,4946],{"class":2348},[42,102727,9659],{"class":56},[42,102729,102730],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,102731,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,102733,102734,102736,102738,102740],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,102735,284],{"class":52},[42,102737,57],{"class":56},[42,102739,693],{"class":125},[42,102741,143],{"class":56},[42,102743,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,102745,284],{"class":52},[42,102747,57],{"class":56},[42,102749,5102],{"class":125},[42,102751,143],{"class":56},[42,102753,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,102755,284],{"class":52},[42,102757,57],{"class":56},[42,102759,693],{"class":125},[42,102761,122],{"class":56},[42,102763,3144],{"class":125},[42,102765,57],{"class":56},[42,102767,5102],{"class":125},[42,102769,842],{"class":56},[42,102771,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,102773,284],{"class":52},[42,102775,57],{"class":56},[42,102777,835],{"class":834},[42,102779,57],{"class":56},[42,102781,693],{"class":125},[42,102783,122],{"class":56},[42,102785,3144],{"class":125},[42,102787,57],{"class":56},[42,102789,5102],{"class":125},[42,102791,3243],{"class":56},[42,102793,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806,102808,102810,102812],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,102795,284],{"class":52},[42,102797,57],{"class":56},[42,102799,11515],{"class":52},[42,102801,57],{"class":56},[42,102803,693],{"class":125},[42,102805,122],{"class":56},[42,102807,3144],{"class":125},[42,102809,57],{"class":56},[42,102811,5102],{"class":125},[42,102813,3243],{"class":56},[14,102815,11524],{},[167,102817,102818,102821,102824,102827],{},[170,102819,102820],{},"what is in each set",[170,102822,102823],{},"what result Python creates",[170,102825,102826],{},"that the result is a set",[170,102828,102829],{},"how many items remain",[45279,102831],{},[28,102833,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,102835,13060,102837,102839],{"id":102836},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[17,102838,100514],{}," change the original set?",[14,102841,102842],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1073,102844,2171,102846,1753,102848,2823],{"id":102845},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[17,102847,100514],{},[17,102849,101425],{},[14,102851,102852,102854,102855,102857],{},[17,102853,100514],{}," returns a new set. ",[17,102856,101425],{}," modifies the original set.",[1073,102859,28687,102861,102863],{"id":102860},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[17,102862,100514],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102865,102866],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1073,102868,102870],{"id":102869},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102872,102873],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45279,102875],{},[28,102877,2205],{"id":2204},[167,102879,102880,102884,102892],{},[170,102881,102882],{},[693,102883,96428],{"href":97599},[170,102885,102886],{},[693,102887,96914,102889,11093],{"href":102888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[17,102890,102891],{},"intersection()",[170,102893,102894],{},[693,102895,96914,102897,11093],{"href":102896},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[17,102898,102899],{},"union()",[2245,102901,102902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":102904},[102905,102906,102908,102909,102910,102911,102913,102918,102920,102928,102937],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":100636,"depth":111,"text":102907},"What difference() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":101255,"depth":111,"text":102912},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101420,"depth":111,"text":102914,"children":102915},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102916,102917],{"id":3144,"depth":132,"text":100514},{"id":101573,"depth":132,"text":101425},{"id":101692,"depth":111,"text":102919},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":102921},[102922,102923,102924,102925,102926,102927],{"id":101962,"depth":132,"text":101963},{"id":102150,"depth":132,"text":102151},{"id":102301,"depth":132,"text":102302},{"id":102464,"depth":132,"text":102465},{"id":102549,"depth":132,"text":102550},{"id":102674,"depth":132,"text":102675},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":102929},[102930,102932,102934,102936],{"id":102836,"depth":132,"text":102931},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102845,"depth":132,"text":102933},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102860,"depth":132,"text":102935},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102869,"depth":132,"text":102870},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100506,"description":102938},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102945,"title":102946,"body":102947,"description":104642,"extension":2285,"meta":104643,"navigation":2287,"path":104644,"seo":104645,"stem":104646,"__hash__":104647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102948,"toc":104604},[102949,102955,102961,102974,102976,103077,103079,103124,103129,103134,103138,103152,103155,103163,103165,103184,103202,103206,103259,103261,103282,103289,103294,103321,103328,103427,103429,103466,103474,103478,103484,103487,103560,103562,103570,103575,103644,103646,103671,103673,103676,103779,103781,103842,103845,103849,103855,103928,103930,103963,103966,103969,104009,104015,104038,104043,104047,104058,104061,104063,104067,104073,104075,104132,104142,104144,104197,104204,104209,104277,104285,104291,104295,104297,104336,104341,104390,104394,104397,104399,104438,104441,104443,104448,104505,104507,104521,104523,104527,104533,104538,104543,104550,104561,104567,104572,104574,104601],[10,102950,96300,102952,11676],{"id":102951},"python-set-discard-method",[17,102953,102954],{},"discard()",[14,102956,102957,102960],{},[17,102958,102959],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102962,102963,102964,2514,102969,1518,102971,102973],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[693,102965,102966],{"href":98309},[17,102967,102968],{},"set.remove()",[17,102970,102954],{},[177,102972,179],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[28,102975,31],{"id":30},[33,102977,102979],{"className":35,"code":102978,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[17,102980,102981,103013,103032,103042,103046,103067],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,102982,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,102984,13433],{"class":114},[42,102986,88],{"class":87},[42,102988,10842],{"class":56},[42,102990,61],{"class":60},[42,102992,13450],{"class":64},[42,102994,61],{"class":60},[42,102996,70],{"class":56},[42,102998,73],{"class":60},[42,103000,13467],{"class":64},[42,103002,61],{"class":60},[42,103004,70],{"class":56},[42,103006,73],{"class":60},[42,103008,17814],{"class":64},[42,103010,61],{"class":60},[42,103012,9659],{"class":56},[42,103014,103015,103017,103019,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103016,17861],{"class":114},[42,103018,122],{"class":56},[42,103020,103021],{"class":125},"discard",[42,103023,57],{"class":56},[42,103025,61],{"class":60},[42,103027,13467],{"class":64},[42,103029,61],{"class":60},[42,103031,143],{"class":56},[42,103033,103034,103036,103038,103040],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,103035,284],{"class":52},[42,103037,57],{"class":56},[42,103039,17861],{"class":125},[42,103041,143],{"class":56},[42,103043,103044],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,103045,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103047,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056,103058,103060,103062,103064],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,103049,17861],{"class":114},[42,103051,122],{"class":56},[42,103053,103021],{"class":125},[42,103055,57],{"class":56},[42,103057,61],{"class":60},[42,103059,22881],{"class":64},[42,103061,61],{"class":60},[42,103063,98],{"class":56},[42,103065,103066],{"class":525},"  # no error if missing\n",[42,103068,103069,103071,103073,103075],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,103070,284],{"class":52},[42,103072,57],{"class":56},[42,103074,17861],{"class":125},[42,103076,143],{"class":56},[14,103078,845],{},[33,103080,103082],{"className":35,"code":103081,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[17,103083,103084,103104],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103085,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103087,9628],{"class":56},[42,103089,868],{"class":60},[42,103091,13450],{"class":64},[42,103093,868],{"class":60},[42,103095,70],{"class":56},[42,103097,862],{"class":60},[42,103099,17814],{"class":64},[42,103101,868],{"class":60},[42,103103,9659],{"class":56},[42,103105,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103107,9628],{"class":56},[42,103109,868],{"class":60},[42,103111,13450],{"class":64},[42,103113,868],{"class":60},[42,103115,70],{"class":56},[42,103117,862],{"class":60},[42,103119,17814],{"class":64},[42,103121,868],{"class":60},[42,103123,9659],{"class":56},[14,103125,146,103126,103128],{},[17,103127,102954],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[28,103130,4013,103132,4016],{"id":103131},"what-setdiscard-does",[17,103133,102959],{},[14,103135,103136,1935],{},[17,103137,102954],{},[167,103139,103140,103143,103146,103148],{},[170,103141,103142],{},"Removes one item from a set",[170,103144,103145],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[170,103147,96415],{},[170,103149,11778,103150],{},[17,103151,4115],{},[14,103153,103154],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,103156,96424,103157,1327,103160,122],{},[693,103158,103159],{"href":98891},"what a set is in Python",[693,103161,103162],{"href":97983},"how to create a set",[28,103164,312],{"id":311},[33,103166,103168],{"className":35,"code":103167,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[17,103169,103170],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103171,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103173,16024],{"class":114},[42,103175,122],{"class":56},[42,103177,103021],{"class":125},[42,103179,57],{"class":56},[42,103181,2803],{"class":125},[42,103183,143],{"class":56},[167,103185,103186,103191,103196,103199],{},[170,103187,103188,103190],{},[17,103189,16024],{}," is the set you want to change",[170,103192,103193,103195],{},[17,103194,2803],{}," is the item you want to remove",[170,103197,103198],{},"The set must already exist",[170,103200,103201],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1073,103203,103205],{"id":103204},"example","Example",[33,103207,103209],{"className":35,"code":103208,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,103210,103211,103235,103249],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103212,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103214,3952],{"class":114},[42,103216,88],{"class":87},[42,103218,10842],{"class":56},[42,103220,3320],{"class":2348},[42,103222,70],{"class":56},[42,103224,3325],{"class":2348},[42,103226,70],{"class":56},[42,103228,2781],{"class":2348},[42,103230,70],{"class":56},[42,103232,2787],{"class":2348},[42,103234,9659],{"class":56},[42,103236,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103238,3984],{"class":114},[42,103240,122],{"class":56},[42,103242,103021],{"class":125},[42,103244,57],{"class":56},[42,103246,2387],{"class":2348},[42,103248,143],{"class":56},[42,103250,103251,103253,103255,103257],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,103252,284],{"class":52},[42,103254,57],{"class":56},[42,103256,3984],{"class":125},[42,103258,143],{"class":56},[14,103260,2395],{},[33,103262,103264],{"className":35,"code":103263,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[17,103265,103266],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103267,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103269,9628],{"class":56},[42,103271,3320],{"class":2348},[42,103273,70],{"class":56},[42,103275,3325],{"class":2348},[42,103277,70],{"class":56},[42,103279,2787],{"class":2348},[42,103281,9659],{"class":56},[28,103283,103285,103286,103288],{"id":103284},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[17,103287,102954],{}," different",[14,103290,103291,103293],{},[17,103292,102954],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[167,103295,103296,103309,103318],{},[170,103297,103298,103299,2514,103303,103305,103306,103308],{},"Unlike ",[693,103300,103301],{"href":98309},[17,103302,55893],{},[17,103304,102954],{}," does not raise ",[17,103307,20046],{}," when the item is missing",[170,103310,103298,103311,2514,103315,103317],{},[693,103312,103313],{"href":98314},[17,103314,13119],{},[17,103316,102954],{}," removes a specific item",[170,103319,103320],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1073,103322,103324,10937,103326],{"id":103323},"discard-vs-remove",[17,103325,102954],{},[17,103327,55893],{},[33,103329,103331],{"className":35,"code":103330,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[17,103332,103333,103357,103361,103382,103392,103396,103417],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103334,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103336,8128],{"class":114},[42,103338,88],{"class":87},[42,103340,10842],{"class":56},[42,103342,61],{"class":60},[42,103344,4418],{"class":64},[42,103346,61],{"class":60},[42,103348,70],{"class":56},[42,103350,73],{"class":60},[42,103352,4427],{"class":64},[42,103354,61],{"class":60},[42,103356,9659],{"class":56},[42,103358,103359],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103360,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103362,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,103364,8159],{"class":114},[42,103366,122],{"class":56},[42,103368,103021],{"class":125},[42,103370,57],{"class":56},[42,103372,61],{"class":60},[42,103374,33581],{"class":64},[42,103376,61],{"class":60},[42,103378,98],{"class":56},[42,103380,103381],{"class":525},"   # no error\n",[42,103383,103384,103386,103388,103390],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,103385,284],{"class":52},[42,103387,57],{"class":56},[42,103389,8159],{"class":125},[42,103391,143],{"class":56},[42,103393,103394],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,103395,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103397,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,103399,8159],{"class":114},[42,103401,122],{"class":56},[42,103403,35154],{"class":125},[42,103405,57],{"class":56},[42,103407,61],{"class":60},[42,103409,4427],{"class":64},[42,103411,61],{"class":60},[42,103413,98],{"class":56},[42,103415,103416],{"class":525},"    # removes existing item\n",[42,103418,103419,103421,103423,103425],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,103420,284],{"class":52},[42,103422,57],{"class":56},[42,103424,8159],{"class":125},[42,103426,143],{"class":56},[14,103428,2395],{},[33,103430,103432],{"className":35,"code":103431,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[17,103433,103434,103454],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103437,9628],{"class":56},[42,103439,868],{"class":60},[42,103441,4418],{"class":64},[42,103443,868],{"class":60},[42,103445,70],{"class":56},[42,103447,862],{"class":60},[42,103449,4427],{"class":64},[42,103451,868],{"class":60},[42,103453,9659],{"class":56},[42,103455,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103457,9628],{"class":56},[42,103459,868],{"class":60},[42,103461,4418],{"class":64},[42,103463,868],{"class":60},[42,103465,9659],{"class":56},[14,103467,40706,103468,103470,103471,103473],{},[17,103469,55893],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[693,103472,11428],{"href":11427}," for more help with that case.",[28,103475,103477],{"id":103476},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,103479,103480,2726,103482,122],{},[17,103481,102954],{},[17,103483,4115],{},[14,103485,103486],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[33,103488,103490],{"className":35,"code":103489,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,103491,103492,103524,103546,103550],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103493,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103495,13433],{"class":114},[42,103497,88],{"class":87},[42,103499,10842],{"class":56},[42,103501,61],{"class":60},[42,103503,13450],{"class":64},[42,103505,61],{"class":60},[42,103507,70],{"class":56},[42,103509,73],{"class":60},[42,103511,13467],{"class":64},[42,103513,61],{"class":60},[42,103515,70],{"class":56},[42,103517,73],{"class":60},[42,103519,17814],{"class":64},[42,103521,61],{"class":60},[42,103523,9659],{"class":56},[42,103525,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538,103540,103542,103544],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103527,2555],{"class":114},[42,103529,88],{"class":87},[42,103531,13481],{"class":114},[42,103533,122],{"class":56},[42,103535,103021],{"class":125},[42,103537,57],{"class":56},[42,103539,61],{"class":60},[42,103541,13467],{"class":64},[42,103543,61],{"class":60},[42,103545,143],{"class":56},[42,103547,103548],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,103549,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103551,103552,103554,103556,103558],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,103553,284],{"class":52},[42,103555,57],{"class":56},[42,103557,2592],{"class":125},[42,103559,143],{"class":56},[14,103561,2395],{},[33,103563,103564],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,103565,103566],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103567,103568],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103569,12163],{"class":4190},[14,103571,103572,103573,1935],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[17,103574,17861],{},[33,103576,103578],{"className":35,"code":103577,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[17,103579,103580,103612,103630,103634],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103581,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103583,13433],{"class":114},[42,103585,88],{"class":87},[42,103587,10842],{"class":56},[42,103589,61],{"class":60},[42,103591,13450],{"class":64},[42,103593,61],{"class":60},[42,103595,70],{"class":56},[42,103597,73],{"class":60},[42,103599,13467],{"class":64},[42,103601,61],{"class":60},[42,103603,70],{"class":56},[42,103605,73],{"class":60},[42,103607,17814],{"class":64},[42,103609,61],{"class":60},[42,103611,9659],{"class":56},[42,103613,103614,103616,103618,103620,103622,103624,103626,103628],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103615,17861],{"class":114},[42,103617,122],{"class":56},[42,103619,103021],{"class":125},[42,103621,57],{"class":56},[42,103623,61],{"class":60},[42,103625,13467],{"class":64},[42,103627,61],{"class":60},[42,103629,143],{"class":56},[42,103631,103632],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,103633,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103635,103636,103638,103640,103642],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,103637,284],{"class":52},[42,103639,57],{"class":56},[42,103641,17861],{"class":125},[42,103643,143],{"class":56},[14,103645,2395],{},[33,103647,103649],{"className":35,"code":103648,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[17,103650,103651],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103652,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103654,9628],{"class":56},[42,103656,868],{"class":60},[42,103658,13450],{"class":64},[42,103660,868],{"class":60},[42,103662,70],{"class":56},[42,103664,862],{"class":60},[42,103666,17814],{"class":64},[42,103668,868],{"class":60},[42,103670,9659],{"class":56},[28,103672,11829],{"id":11828},[14,103674,103675],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[33,103677,103679],{"className":35,"code":103678,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[17,103680,103681,103713,103717,103735,103739,103757,103761],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103682,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103684,36599],{"class":114},[42,103686,88],{"class":87},[42,103688,10842],{"class":56},[42,103690,61],{"class":60},[42,103692,4418],{"class":64},[42,103694,61],{"class":60},[42,103696,70],{"class":56},[42,103698,73],{"class":60},[42,103700,4427],{"class":64},[42,103702,61],{"class":60},[42,103704,70],{"class":56},[42,103706,73],{"class":60},[42,103708,33581],{"class":64},[42,103710,61],{"class":60},[42,103712,9659],{"class":56},[42,103714,103715],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103716,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103718,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,103720,284],{"class":52},[42,103722,57],{"class":56},[42,103724,61],{"class":60},[42,103726,11918],{"class":64},[42,103728,61],{"class":60},[42,103730,70],{"class":56},[42,103732,53215],{"class":125},[42,103734,143],{"class":56},[42,103736,103737],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,103738,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103740,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,103742,36651],{"class":114},[42,103744,122],{"class":56},[42,103746,103021],{"class":125},[42,103748,57],{"class":56},[42,103750,61],{"class":60},[42,103752,4427],{"class":64},[42,103754,61],{"class":60},[42,103756,143],{"class":56},[42,103758,103759],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,103760,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103762,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,103764,284],{"class":52},[42,103766,57],{"class":56},[42,103768,61],{"class":60},[42,103770,11958],{"class":64},[42,103772,61],{"class":60},[42,103774,70],{"class":56},[42,103776,53215],{"class":125},[42,103778,143],{"class":56},[14,103780,2395],{},[33,103782,103784],{"className":35,"code":103783,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,103785,103786,103818],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103787,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103789,11978],{"class":114},[42,103791,1935],{"class":56},[42,103793,10842],{"class":56},[42,103795,868],{"class":60},[42,103797,4427],{"class":64},[42,103799,868],{"class":60},[42,103801,70],{"class":56},[42,103803,862],{"class":60},[42,103805,4418],{"class":64},[42,103807,868],{"class":60},[42,103809,70],{"class":56},[42,103811,862],{"class":60},[42,103813,33581],{"class":64},[42,103815,868],{"class":60},[42,103817,9659],{"class":56},[42,103819,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830,103832,103834,103836,103838,103840],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103821,12031],{"class":114},[42,103823,1935],{"class":56},[42,103825,10842],{"class":56},[42,103827,868],{"class":60},[42,103829,4418],{"class":64},[42,103831,868],{"class":60},[42,103833,70],{"class":56},[42,103835,862],{"class":60},[42,103837,33581],{"class":64},[42,103839,868],{"class":60},[42,103841,9659],{"class":56},[14,103843,103844],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[28,103846,103848],{"id":103847},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103850,103851,103852,103854],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[17,103853,102954],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[33,103856,103858],{"className":35,"code":103857,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,103859,103860,103892,103896,103914,103918],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103861,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103863,36599],{"class":114},[42,103865,88],{"class":87},[42,103867,10842],{"class":56},[42,103869,61],{"class":60},[42,103871,4418],{"class":64},[42,103873,61],{"class":60},[42,103875,70],{"class":56},[42,103877,73],{"class":60},[42,103879,4427],{"class":64},[42,103881,61],{"class":60},[42,103883,70],{"class":56},[42,103885,73],{"class":60},[42,103887,33581],{"class":64},[42,103889,61],{"class":60},[42,103891,9659],{"class":56},[42,103893,103894],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103895,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103897,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,103899,36651],{"class":114},[42,103901,122],{"class":56},[42,103903,103021],{"class":125},[42,103905,57],{"class":56},[42,103907,61],{"class":60},[42,103909,22890],{"class":64},[42,103911,61],{"class":60},[42,103913,143],{"class":56},[42,103915,103916],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,103917,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,103921,284],{"class":52},[42,103923,57],{"class":56},[42,103925,36651],{"class":125},[42,103927,143],{"class":56},[14,103929,2395],{},[33,103931,103933],{"className":35,"code":103932,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,103934,103935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103936,103937,103939,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103938,9628],{"class":56},[42,103940,868],{"class":60},[42,103942,4427],{"class":64},[42,103944,868],{"class":60},[42,103946,70],{"class":56},[42,103948,862],{"class":60},[42,103950,4418],{"class":64},[42,103952,868],{"class":60},[42,103954,70],{"class":56},[42,103956,862],{"class":60},[42,103958,33581],{"class":64},[42,103960,868],{"class":60},[42,103962,9659],{"class":56},[14,103964,103965],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103967,103968],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[33,103970,103972],{"className":35,"code":103971,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[17,103973,103974,103990],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,103975,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,103977,7345],{"class":48},[42,103979,73],{"class":60},[42,103981,22890],{"class":64},[42,103983,61],{"class":60},[42,103985,21531],{"class":87},[42,103987,53215],{"class":114},[42,103989,108],{"class":56},[42,103991,103992,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,103993,103994],{"class":114},"    fruits",[42,103996,122],{"class":56},[42,103998,35154],{"class":125},[42,104000,57],{"class":56},[42,104002,61],{"class":60},[42,104004,22890],{"class":64},[42,104006,61],{"class":60},[42,104008,143],{"class":56},[14,104010,104011,104012,104014],{},"With ",[17,104013,102954],{},", you can simply write:",[33,104016,104018],{"className":35,"code":104017,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[17,104019,104020],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104021,104022,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104023,36651],{"class":114},[42,104025,122],{"class":56},[42,104027,103021],{"class":125},[42,104029,57],{"class":56},[42,104031,61],{"class":60},[42,104033,22890],{"class":64},[42,104035,61],{"class":60},[42,104037,143],{"class":56},[28,104039,5303,104041],{"id":104040},"when-to-use-discard",[17,104042,102954],{},[14,104044,146,104045,10953],{},[17,104046,102954],{},[167,104048,104049,104052,104055],{},[170,104050,104051],{},"Missing values are normal",[170,104053,104054],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[170,104056,104057],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,104059,104060],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[28,104062,1929],{"id":1928},[14,104064,8797,104065,122],{},[17,104066,102954],{},[1073,104068,8803,104070,104072],{"id":104069},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[17,104071,102954],{}," to return the changed set",[14,104074,4866],{},[33,104076,104078],{"className":35,"code":104077,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,104079,104080,104100,104118,104122],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104081,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104083,3952],{"class":114},[42,104085,88],{"class":87},[42,104087,10842],{"class":56},[42,104089,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104091,70],{"class":56},[42,104093,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104095,70],{"class":56},[42,104097,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104099,9659],{"class":56},[42,104101,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110,104112,104114,104116],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104103,3952],{"class":114},[42,104105,88],{"class":87},[42,104107,4603],{"class":114},[42,104109,122],{"class":56},[42,104111,103021],{"class":125},[42,104113,57],{"class":56},[42,104115,2381],{"class":2348},[42,104117,143],{"class":56},[42,104119,104120],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,104121,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,104123,104124,104126,104128,104130],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,104125,284],{"class":52},[42,104127,57],{"class":56},[42,104129,3984],{"class":125},[42,104131,143],{"class":56},[14,104133,104134,42518,104136,8952,104138,2726,104140,122],{},[17,104135,3984],{},[17,104137,4115],{},[17,104139,102954],{},[17,104141,4115],{},[14,104143,19199],{},[33,104145,104147],{"className":35,"code":104146,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,104148,104149,104169,104183,104187],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104150,104151,104153,104155,104157,104159,104161,104163,104165,104167],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104152,3952],{"class":114},[42,104154,88],{"class":87},[42,104156,10842],{"class":56},[42,104158,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104160,70],{"class":56},[42,104162,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104164,70],{"class":56},[42,104166,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104168,9659],{"class":56},[42,104170,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104172,3984],{"class":114},[42,104174,122],{"class":56},[42,104176,103021],{"class":125},[42,104178,57],{"class":56},[42,104180,2381],{"class":2348},[42,104182,143],{"class":56},[42,104184,104185],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,104186,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,104188,104189,104191,104193,104195],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,104190,284],{"class":52},[42,104192,57],{"class":56},[42,104194,3984],{"class":125},[42,104196,143],{"class":56},[1073,104198,37565,104200,9054,104202],{"id":104199},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[17,104201,102954],{},[17,104203,55893],{},[14,104205,104206,104207,122],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[17,104208,102954],{},[33,104210,104212],{"className":35,"code":104211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[17,104213,104214,104246,104267],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104215,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104217,36450],{"class":114},[42,104219,88],{"class":87},[42,104221,10842],{"class":56},[42,104223,61],{"class":60},[42,104225,693],{"class":64},[42,104227,61],{"class":60},[42,104229,70],{"class":56},[42,104231,73],{"class":60},[42,104233,5102],{"class":64},[42,104235,61],{"class":60},[42,104237,70],{"class":56},[42,104239,73],{"class":60},[42,104241,10090],{"class":64},[42,104243,61],{"class":60},[42,104245,9659],{"class":56},[42,104247,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262,104264],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104249,36503],{"class":114},[42,104251,122],{"class":56},[42,104253,103021],{"class":125},[42,104255,57],{"class":56},[42,104257,61],{"class":60},[42,104259,22434],{"class":64},[42,104261,61],{"class":60},[42,104263,98],{"class":56},[42,104265,104266],{"class":525},"   # safe\n",[42,104268,104269,104271,104273,104275],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,104270,284],{"class":52},[42,104272,57],{"class":56},[42,104274,36503],{"class":125},[42,104276,143],{"class":56},[14,104278,104279,104280,46271,104283,122],{},"If you use ",[17,104281,104282],{},"remove(\"z\")",[17,104284,20046],{},[1073,104286,25974,104288,104290],{"id":104287},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[17,104289,102954],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,104292,104293,102307],{},[17,104294,102954],{},[14,104296,17002],{},[33,104298,104300],{"className":35,"code":104299,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[17,104301,104302,104322],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104303,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104305,8128],{"class":114},[42,104307,88],{"class":87},[42,104309,3957],{"class":56},[42,104311,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104313,70],{"class":56},[42,104315,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104317,70],{"class":56},[42,104319,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104321,3970],{"class":56},[42,104323,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104325,8159],{"class":114},[42,104327,122],{"class":56},[42,104329,103021],{"class":125},[42,104331,57],{"class":56},[42,104333,2381],{"class":2348},[42,104335,143],{"class":56},[14,104337,104338,104339,1935],{},"Use a set if you need ",[17,104340,102954],{},[33,104342,104344],{"className":35,"code":104343,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[17,104345,104346,104366,104380],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104347,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104349,8128],{"class":114},[42,104351,88],{"class":87},[42,104353,10842],{"class":56},[42,104355,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104357,70],{"class":56},[42,104359,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104361,70],{"class":56},[42,104363,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104365,9659],{"class":56},[42,104367,104368,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104369,8159],{"class":114},[42,104371,122],{"class":56},[42,104373,103021],{"class":125},[42,104375,57],{"class":56},[42,104377,2381],{"class":2348},[42,104379,143],{"class":56},[42,104381,104382,104384,104386,104388],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,104383,284],{"class":52},[42,104385,57],{"class":56},[42,104387,8159],{"class":125},[42,104389,143],{"class":56},[1073,104391,104393],{"id":104392},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,104395,104396],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,104398,3168],{},[33,104400,104402],{"className":35,"code":104401,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[17,104403,104404,104424],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104405,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104407,9516],{"class":114},[42,104409,88],{"class":87},[42,104411,10842],{"class":56},[42,104413,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104415,70],{"class":56},[42,104417,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104419,70],{"class":56},[42,104421,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104423,9659],{"class":56},[42,104425,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104427,9554],{"class":114},[42,104429,122],{"class":56},[42,104431,103021],{"class":125},[42,104433,3317],{"class":56},[42,104435,2381],{"class":2348},[42,104437,4226],{"class":56},[14,104439,104440],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[28,104442,9222],{"id":9221},[14,104444,9225,104445,104447],{},[17,104446,102954],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[33,104449,104451],{"className":35,"code":104450,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[17,104452,104453,104463,104477,104491],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104454,104455,104457,104459,104461],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104456,284],{"class":52},[42,104458,57],{"class":56},[42,104460,16024],{"class":125},[42,104462,143],{"class":56},[42,104464,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104466,284],{"class":52},[42,104468,57],{"class":56},[42,104470,835],{"class":834},[42,104472,57],{"class":56},[42,104474,16024],{"class":125},[42,104476,842],{"class":56},[42,104478,104479,104481,104483,104485,104487,104489],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,104480,284],{"class":52},[42,104482,57],{"class":56},[42,104484,2776],{"class":125},[42,104486,1299],{"class":48},[42,104488,97024],{"class":125},[42,104490,143],{"class":56},[42,104492,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,104494,32512],{"class":52},[42,104496,57],{"class":56},[42,104498,6633],{"class":834},[42,104500,122],{"class":56},[42,104502,103021],{"class":2022},[42,104504,143],{"class":56},[14,104506,11524],{},[167,104508,104509,104512,104515,104518],{},[170,104510,104511],{},"What is currently in the set",[170,104513,104514],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[170,104516,104517],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[170,104519,104520],{},"How Python documents the method",[28,104522,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,104524,104526],{"id":104525},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104528,104529,104530,104532],{},"Nothing happens. ",[17,104531,102954],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1073,104534,5485,104536,13072],{"id":104535},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[17,104537,102959],{},[14,104539,5491,104540,104542],{},[17,104541,4115],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1073,104544,2171,104546,1753,104548,2823],{"id":104545},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[17,104547,102954],{},[17,104549,55893],{},[14,104551,104552,104553,26896,104555,104557,104558,104560],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[17,104554,55893],{},[17,104556,20046],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[17,104559,102954],{}," does not.",[1073,104562,28687,104564,104566],{"id":104563},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[17,104565,102954],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104568,46728,104569,104571],{},[17,104570,102954],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[28,104573,2205],{"id":2204},[167,104575,104576,104582,104588,104593,104597],{},[170,104577,104578],{},[693,104579,96914,104580,11093],{"href":98309},[17,104581,55893],{},[170,104583,104584],{},[693,104585,96914,104586,11093],{"href":98314},[17,104587,13119],{},[170,104589,104590],{},[693,104591,104592],{"href":97983},"Python set: creating a set",[170,104594,104595],{},[693,104596,100449],{"href":98891},[170,104598,104599],{},[693,104600,11616],{"href":11427},[2245,104602,104603],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":104605},[104606,104607,104609,104612,104617,104618,104619,104620,104622,104631,104632,104641],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":103131,"depth":111,"text":104608},"What set.discard() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":104610},[104611],{"id":103204,"depth":132,"text":103205},{"id":103284,"depth":111,"text":104613,"children":104614},"What makes discard() different",[104615],{"id":103323,"depth":132,"text":104616},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103476,"depth":111,"text":103477},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":103847,"depth":111,"text":103848},{"id":104040,"depth":111,"text":104621},"When to use discard()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":104623},[104624,104626,104628,104630],{"id":104069,"depth":132,"text":104625},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104199,"depth":132,"text":104627},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104287,"depth":132,"text":104629},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104392,"depth":132,"text":104393},{"id":9221,"depth":111,"text":9222},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":104633},[104634,104635,104637,104639],{"id":104525,"depth":132,"text":104526},{"id":104535,"depth":132,"text":104636},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104545,"depth":132,"text":104638},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104563,"depth":132,"text":104640},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102946,"description":104642},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104649,"title":104650,"body":104651,"description":106657,"extension":2285,"meta":106658,"navigation":2287,"path":106659,"seo":106660,"stem":106661,"__hash__":106662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104652,"toc":106615},[104653,104656,104664,104669,104680,104682,104737,104741,104761,104766,104770,104775,104777,104791,104793,104868,104870,104903,104908,104913,104915,104917,104932,104935,104943,104948,104963,104965,105054,105056,105145,105151,105155,105157,105195,105197,105221,105224,105239,105241,105296,105298,105331,105333,105338,105342,105346,105351,105416,105418,105438,105444,105448,105505,105507,105528,105532,105537,105582,105584,105617,105620,105624,105657,105659,105688,105692,105696,105699,105701,105720,105722,105768,105773,105787,105789,105820,105825,105828,105872,105874,105902,105906,105910,105926,105929,105994,105996,106008,106011,106015,106018,106023,106051,106053,106071,106077,106116,106118,106136,106142,106171,106173,106191,106194,106211,106213,106218,106222,106225,106251,106258,106263,106278,106287,106291,106294,106325,106331,106334,106343,106346,106348,106350,106408,106411,106436,106438,106442,106445,106449,106457,106461,106464,106468,106471,106473,106496,106498,106539,106546,106554,106557,106588,106590,106612],[10,104654,104650],{"id":104655},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104657,9473,104658,104660,104661,122],{},[17,104659,4134],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[177,104662,104663],{},"unique values only",[14,104665,35764,104666,104668],{},[17,104667,4134],{}," to:",[167,104670,104671,104674,104677],{},[170,104672,104673],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[170,104675,104676],{},"check whether a value exists",[170,104678,104679],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[28,104681,31],{"id":30},[33,104683,104685],{"className":35,"code":104684,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[17,104686,104687,104711,104726],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104688,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104690,3952],{"class":114},[42,104692,88],{"class":87},[42,104694,3957],{"class":56},[42,104696,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104698,70],{"class":56},[42,104700,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104702,70],{"class":56},[42,104704,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104706,70],{"class":56},[42,104708,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104710,3970],{"class":56},[42,104712,104713,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104714,104715],{"class":114},"unique_numbers ",[42,104717,88],{"class":87},[42,104719,15991],{"class":834},[42,104721,57],{"class":56},[42,104723,3984],{"class":125},[42,104725,143],{"class":56},[42,104727,104728,104730,104732,104735],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,104729,284],{"class":52},[42,104731,57],{"class":56},[42,104733,104734],{"class":125},"unique_numbers",[42,104736,143],{"class":56},[14,104738,104739],{},[177,104740,2395],{},[33,104742,104743],{"className":35,"code":96707,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,104744,104745],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104746,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757,104759],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104748,9628],{"class":56},[42,104750,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104752,70],{"class":56},[42,104754,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104756,70],{"class":56},[42,104758,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104760,9659],{"class":56},[14,104762,146,104763,104765],{},[17,104764,4134],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[28,104767,104769],{"id":104768},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104771,104772,104774],{},[17,104773,4134],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104776,30899],{},[167,104778,104779,104782,104785,104788],{},[170,104780,104781],{},"A set stores unique items only",[170,104783,104784],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[170,104786,104787],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[170,104789,104790],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104792,219],{},[33,104794,104796],{"className":35,"code":104795,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[17,104797,104798,104838,104853,104857],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104799,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832,104834,104836],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104801,13433],{"class":114},[42,104803,88],{"class":87},[42,104805,3957],{"class":56},[42,104807,61],{"class":60},[42,104809,13450],{"class":64},[42,104811,61],{"class":60},[42,104813,70],{"class":56},[42,104815,73],{"class":60},[42,104817,13467],{"class":64},[42,104819,61],{"class":60},[42,104821,70],{"class":56},[42,104823,73],{"class":60},[42,104825,13450],{"class":64},[42,104827,61],{"class":60},[42,104829,70],{"class":56},[42,104831,73],{"class":60},[42,104833,17814],{"class":64},[42,104835,61],{"class":60},[42,104837,3970],{"class":56},[42,104839,104840,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104841,104842],{"class":114},"unique_colors ",[42,104844,88],{"class":87},[42,104846,15991],{"class":834},[42,104848,57],{"class":56},[42,104850,17861],{"class":125},[42,104852,143],{"class":56},[42,104854,104855],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,104856,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,104858,104859,104861,104863,104866],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,104860,284],{"class":52},[42,104862,57],{"class":56},[42,104864,104865],{"class":125},"unique_colors",[42,104867,143],{"class":56},[14,104869,845],{},[33,104871,104873],{"className":35,"code":104872,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[17,104874,104875],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104876,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104878,9628],{"class":56},[42,104880,868],{"class":60},[42,104882,13467],{"class":64},[42,104884,868],{"class":60},[42,104886,70],{"class":56},[42,104888,862],{"class":60},[42,104890,17814],{"class":64},[42,104892,868],{"class":60},[42,104894,70],{"class":56},[42,104896,862],{"class":60},[42,104898,13450],{"class":64},[42,104900,868],{"class":60},[42,104902,9659],{"class":56},[14,104904,2614,104905,104907],{},[17,104906,65756],{}," appears only once.",[14,104909,104910,104911,122],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[693,104912,96428],{"href":96427},[28,104914,312],{"id":311},[14,104916,2484],{},[33,104918,104920],{"className":35,"code":104919,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set(iterable)\n",[17,104921,104922],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104923,104924,104926,104928,104930],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104925,6633],{"class":834},[42,104927,57],{"class":56},[42,104929,4057],{"class":125},[42,104931,143],{"class":56},[14,104933,104934],{},"The argument is optional.",[167,104936,104937,104940],{},[170,104938,104939],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[170,104941,104942],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104944,104945,104946,1935],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[17,104947,4134],{},[167,104949,104950,104952,104954,104956,104960],{},[170,104951,8443],{},[170,104953,49315],{},[170,104955,61538],{},[170,104957,104958],{},[17,104959,36558],{},[170,104961,104962],{},"another set",[14,104964,515],{},[33,104966,104968],{"className":35,"code":104967,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[17,104969,104970,104996,105018,105036],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,104971,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,104973,284],{"class":52},[42,104975,57],{"class":56},[42,104977,6633],{"class":834},[42,104979,3317],{"class":56},[42,104981,3320],{"class":2348},[42,104983,70],{"class":56},[42,104985,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104987,70],{"class":56},[42,104989,3325],{"class":2348},[42,104991,70],{"class":56},[42,104993,2781],{"class":2348},[42,104995,3332],{"class":56},[42,104997,104998,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,104999,284],{"class":52},[42,105001,57],{"class":56},[42,105003,6633],{"class":834},[42,105005,5855],{"class":56},[42,105007,2659],{"class":2348},[42,105009,70],{"class":56},[42,105011,8139],{"class":2348},[42,105013,70],{"class":56},[42,105015,6350],{"class":2348},[42,105017,3243],{"class":56},[42,105019,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105021,284],{"class":52},[42,105023,57],{"class":56},[42,105025,6633],{"class":834},[42,105027,57],{"class":56},[42,105029,61],{"class":60},[42,105031,4183],{"class":64},[42,105033,61],{"class":60},[42,105035,842],{"class":56},[42,105037,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,105039,284],{"class":52},[42,105041,57],{"class":56},[42,105043,6633],{"class":834},[42,105045,57],{"class":56},[42,105047,60364],{"class":52},[42,105049,57],{"class":56},[42,105051,2836],{"class":2348},[42,105053,3243],{"class":56},[14,105055,845],{},[33,105057,105059],{"className":35,"code":105058,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[17,105060,105061,105077,105089,105125],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105062,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073,105075],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105064,9628],{"class":56},[42,105066,3320],{"class":2348},[42,105068,70],{"class":56},[42,105070,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105072,70],{"class":56},[42,105074,2781],{"class":2348},[42,105076,9659],{"class":56},[42,105078,105079,105081,105083,105085,105087],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105080,9628],{"class":56},[42,105082,2659],{"class":2348},[42,105084,70],{"class":56},[42,105086,8139],{"class":2348},[42,105088,9659],{"class":56},[42,105090,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117,105119,105121,105123],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105092,9628],{"class":56},[42,105094,868],{"class":60},[42,105096,60804],{"class":64},[42,105098,868],{"class":60},[42,105100,70],{"class":56},[42,105102,862],{"class":60},[42,105104,60813],{"class":64},[42,105106,868],{"class":60},[42,105108,70],{"class":56},[42,105110,862],{"class":60},[42,105112,60822],{"class":64},[42,105114,868],{"class":60},[42,105116,70],{"class":56},[42,105118,862],{"class":60},[42,105120,60839],{"class":64},[42,105122,868],{"class":60},[42,105124,9659],{"class":56},[42,105126,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,105128,9628],{"class":56},[42,105130,2445],{"class":2348},[42,105132,70],{"class":56},[42,105134,5842],{"class":2348},[42,105136,70],{"class":56},[42,105138,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105140,70],{"class":56},[42,105142,2781],{"class":2348},[42,105144,9659],{"class":56},[14,105146,105147,105148,122],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[693,105149,105150],{"href":65212},"Python list() function explained",[28,105152,105154],{"id":105153},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,105156,98380],{},[33,105158,105159],{"className":35,"code":99345,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,105160,105161,105171,105181],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105162,105163,105165,105167,105169],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105164,98390],{"class":114},[42,105166,88],{"class":87},[42,105168,15991],{"class":834},[42,105170,129],{"class":56},[42,105172,105173,105175,105177,105179],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105174,284],{"class":52},[42,105176,57],{"class":56},[42,105178,98409],{"class":125},[42,105180,143],{"class":56},[42,105182,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105184,284],{"class":52},[42,105186,57],{"class":56},[42,105188,835],{"class":834},[42,105190,57],{"class":56},[42,105192,98409],{"class":125},[42,105194,842],{"class":56},[14,105196,2395],{},[33,105198,105199],{"className":35,"code":99388,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,105200,105201,105207],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105202,105203,105205],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105204,6633],{"class":834},[42,105206,129],{"class":56},[42,105208,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105210,855],{"class":87},[42,105212,859],{"class":858},[42,105214,862],{"class":60},[42,105216,6633],{"class":64},[42,105218,868],{"class":60},[42,105220,871],{"class":87},[14,105222,105223],{},"This is important because:",[167,105225,105226,105231],{},[170,105227,105228,105230],{},[17,105229,4134],{}," creates an empty set",[170,105232,105233,105235,105236,105238],{},[17,105234,4129],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[177,105237,179],{}," a set",[14,105240,219],{},[33,105242,105244],{"className":35,"code":105243,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[17,105245,105246,105256,105264,105268,105282],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105247,105248,105250,105252,105254],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105249,2886],{"class":114},[42,105251,88],{"class":87},[42,105253,15991],{"class":834},[42,105255,129],{"class":56},[42,105257,105258,105260,105262],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105259,2914],{"class":114},[42,105261,88],{"class":87},[42,105263,10189],{"class":56},[42,105265,105266],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105267,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,105269,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,105271,284],{"class":52},[42,105273,57],{"class":56},[42,105275,835],{"class":834},[42,105277,57],{"class":56},[42,105279,693],{"class":125},[42,105281,842],{"class":56},[42,105283,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,105285,284],{"class":52},[42,105287,57],{"class":56},[42,105289,835],{"class":834},[42,105291,57],{"class":56},[42,105293,5102],{"class":125},[42,105295,842],{"class":56},[14,105297,2395],{},[33,105299,105301],{"className":35,"code":105300,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[17,105302,105303,105317],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105306,855],{"class":87},[42,105308,859],{"class":858},[42,105310,862],{"class":60},[42,105312,6633],{"class":64},[42,105314,868],{"class":60},[42,105316,871],{"class":87},[42,105318,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105320,855],{"class":87},[42,105322,859],{"class":858},[42,105324,862],{"class":60},[42,105326,9171],{"class":64},[42,105328,868],{"class":60},[42,105330,871],{"class":87},[14,105332,14406],{},[14,105334,105335,105336,122],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[693,105337,104592],{"href":96431},[28,105339,105341],{"id":105340},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1073,105343,105345],{"id":105344},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,105347,105348,105349,122],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[17,105350,4134],{},[33,105352,105354],{"className":35,"code":105353,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105355,105356,105388,105402,105406],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105357,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105359,3952],{"class":114},[42,105361,88],{"class":87},[42,105363,3957],{"class":56},[42,105365,3320],{"class":2348},[42,105367,70],{"class":56},[42,105369,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105371,70],{"class":56},[42,105373,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105375,70],{"class":56},[42,105377,2781],{"class":2348},[42,105379,70],{"class":56},[42,105381,2781],{"class":2348},[42,105383,70],{"class":56},[42,105385,2781],{"class":2348},[42,105387,3970],{"class":56},[42,105389,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105391,2555],{"class":114},[42,105393,88],{"class":87},[42,105395,15991],{"class":834},[42,105397,57],{"class":56},[42,105399,3984],{"class":125},[42,105401,143],{"class":56},[42,105403,105404],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105405,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,105407,105408,105410,105412,105414],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,105409,284],{"class":52},[42,105411,57],{"class":56},[42,105413,2592],{"class":125},[42,105415,143],{"class":56},[14,105417,2395],{},[33,105419,105420],{"className":35,"code":96707,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,105421,105422],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105423,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105425,9628],{"class":56},[42,105427,3320],{"class":2348},[42,105429,70],{"class":56},[42,105431,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105433,70],{"class":56},[42,105435,2781],{"class":2348},[42,105437,9659],{"class":56},[14,105439,105440,105441,122],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[693,105442,99178],{"href":105443},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1073,105445,105447],{"id":105446},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[33,105449,105451],{"className":35,"code":105450,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105452,105453,105477,105491,105495],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105454,105455,105457,105459,105461,105463,105465,105467,105469,105471,105473,105475],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105456,4160],{"class":114},[42,105458,88],{"class":87},[42,105460,9586],{"class":56},[42,105462,2461],{"class":2348},[42,105464,70],{"class":56},[42,105466,4946],{"class":2348},[42,105468,70],{"class":56},[42,105470,6350],{"class":2348},[42,105472,70],{"class":56},[42,105474,38298],{"class":2348},[42,105476,143],{"class":56},[42,105478,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105489],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105480,2555],{"class":114},[42,105482,88],{"class":87},[42,105484,15991],{"class":834},[42,105486,57],{"class":56},[42,105488,5702],{"class":125},[42,105490,143],{"class":56},[42,105492,105493],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105494,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,105496,105497,105499,105501,105503],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,105498,284],{"class":52},[42,105500,57],{"class":56},[42,105502,2592],{"class":125},[42,105504,143],{"class":56},[14,105506,2395],{},[33,105508,105510],{"className":35,"code":105509,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[17,105511,105512],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105513,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524,105526],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105515,9628],{"class":56},[42,105517,2461],{"class":2348},[42,105519,70],{"class":56},[42,105521,6350],{"class":2348},[42,105523,70],{"class":56},[42,105525,38298],{"class":2348},[42,105527,9659],{"class":56},[1073,105529,105531],{"id":105530},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105533,51490,105534,105536],{},[17,105535,4134],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[33,105538,105540],{"className":35,"code":105539,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,105541,105542,105554,105568,105572],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105543,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105545,35048],{"class":114},[42,105547,88],{"class":87},[42,105549,73],{"class":60},[42,105551,4427],{"class":64},[42,105553,3689],{"class":60},[42,105555,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105557,2555],{"class":114},[42,105559,88],{"class":87},[42,105561,15991],{"class":834},[42,105563,57],{"class":56},[42,105565,444],{"class":125},[42,105567,143],{"class":56},[42,105569,105570],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105571,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,105575,284],{"class":52},[42,105577,57],{"class":56},[42,105579,2592],{"class":125},[42,105581,143],{"class":56},[14,105583,845],{},[33,105585,105587],{"className":35,"code":105586,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[17,105588,105589],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105590,105591,105593,105595,105597,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611,105613,105615],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105592,9628],{"class":56},[42,105594,868],{"class":60},[42,105596,5102],{"class":64},[42,105598,868],{"class":60},[42,105600,70],{"class":56},[42,105602,862],{"class":60},[42,105604,693],{"class":64},[42,105606,868],{"class":60},[42,105608,70],{"class":56},[42,105610,862],{"class":60},[42,105612,76392],{"class":64},[42,105614,868],{"class":60},[42,105616,9659],{"class":56},[14,105618,105619],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1073,105621,105623],{"id":105622},"from-range","From range()",[33,105625,105627],{"className":35,"code":105626,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[17,105628,105629,105647],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105630,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105632,2555],{"class":114},[42,105634,88],{"class":87},[42,105636,15991],{"class":834},[42,105638,57],{"class":56},[42,105640,60364],{"class":52},[42,105642,57],{"class":56},[42,105644,2461],{"class":2348},[42,105646,842],{"class":56},[42,105648,105649,105651,105653,105655],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105650,284],{"class":52},[42,105652,57],{"class":56},[42,105654,2592],{"class":125},[42,105656,143],{"class":56},[14,105658,2395],{},[33,105660,105662],{"className":35,"code":105661,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,105663,105664],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105665,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105667,9628],{"class":56},[42,105669,2445],{"class":2348},[42,105671,70],{"class":56},[42,105673,5842],{"class":2348},[42,105675,70],{"class":56},[42,105677,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105679,70],{"class":56},[42,105681,2781],{"class":2348},[42,105683,70],{"class":56},[42,105685,2787],{"class":2348},[42,105687,9659],{"class":56},[28,105689,105691],{"id":105690},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105693,99625,105694,122],{},[177,105695,96471],{},[14,105697,105698],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105700,99631],{},[167,105702,105703,105707,105711,105715],{},[170,105704,105705],{},[17,105706,2513],{},[170,105708,105709],{},[17,105710,3775],{},[170,105712,105713],{},[17,105714,2517],{},[170,105716,105717,105719],{},[17,105718,49315],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105721,219],{},[33,105723,105725],{"className":35,"code":105724,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[17,105726,105727,105758],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105728,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105730,8128],{"class":114},[42,105732,88],{"class":87},[42,105734,10842],{"class":56},[42,105736,3320],{"class":2348},[42,105738,70],{"class":56},[42,105740,73],{"class":60},[42,105742,4183],{"class":64},[42,105744,61],{"class":60},[42,105746,70],{"class":56},[42,105748,9586],{"class":56},[42,105750,2659],{"class":2348},[42,105752,70],{"class":56},[42,105754,8139],{"class":2348},[42,105756,105757],{"class":56},")}\n",[42,105759,105760,105762,105764,105766],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105761,284],{"class":52},[42,105763,57],{"class":56},[42,105765,8159],{"class":125},[42,105767,143],{"class":56},[14,105769,99693,105770,105772],{},[177,105771,179],{}," work inside a set:",[167,105774,105775,105779,105783],{},[170,105776,105777],{},[17,105778,8443],{},[170,105780,105781],{},[17,105782,9171],{},[170,105784,105785],{},[17,105786,6633],{},[14,105788,97196],{},[33,105790,105792],{"className":35,"code":105791,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[17,105793,105794],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105795,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810,105812,105814,105816,105818],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105797,99712],{"class":114},[42,105799,88],{"class":87},[42,105801,99717],{"class":56},[42,105803,3320],{"class":2348},[42,105805,70],{"class":56},[42,105807,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105809,18421],{"class":56},[42,105811,3957],{"class":56},[42,105813,2387],{"class":2348},[42,105815,70],{"class":56},[42,105817,2787],{"class":2348},[42,105819,14063],{"class":56},[14,105821,77220,105822,105824],{},[17,105823,3338],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105826,105827],{},"A safer example:",[33,105829,105831],{"className":35,"code":105830,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[17,105832,105833,105861],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105834,105835,105838,105840,105843,105845,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105836,105837],{"class":114},"good_set ",[42,105839,88],{"class":87},[42,105841,105842],{"class":56}," {(",[42,105844,3320],{"class":2348},[42,105846,70],{"class":56},[42,105848,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105850,9583],{"class":56},[42,105852,9586],{"class":56},[42,105854,2387],{"class":2348},[42,105856,70],{"class":56},[42,105858,2787],{"class":2348},[42,105860,105757],{"class":56},[42,105862,105863,105865,105867,105870],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105864,284],{"class":52},[42,105866,57],{"class":56},[42,105868,105869],{"class":125},"good_set",[42,105871,143],{"class":56},[14,105873,2395],{},[33,105875,105877],{"className":35,"code":105876,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[17,105878,105879],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105880,105881,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898,105900],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105882,105883],{"class":56},"{(",[42,105885,3320],{"class":2348},[42,105887,70],{"class":56},[42,105889,3325],{"class":2348},[42,105891,9583],{"class":56},[42,105893,9586],{"class":56},[42,105895,2387],{"class":2348},[42,105897,70],{"class":56},[42,105899,2787],{"class":2348},[42,105901,105757],{"class":56},[28,105903,105905],{"id":105904},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105907,146,105908,10953],{},[17,105909,4134],{},[167,105911,105912,105915,105920,105923],{},[170,105913,105914],{},"you need unique values only",[170,105916,105917,105918],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[17,105919,1299],{},[170,105921,105922],{},"order does not matter",[170,105924,105925],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105927,105928],{},"Example of membership checking:",[33,105930,105932],{"className":35,"code":105931,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[17,105933,105934,105959,105963,105979],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,105935,105936,105939,105941,105943,105945,105947,105949,105952,105954,105957],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,105937,105938],{"class":114},"allowed_ids ",[42,105940,88],{"class":87},[42,105942,15991],{"class":834},[42,105944,3317],{"class":56},[42,105946,46955],{"class":2348},[42,105948,70],{"class":56},[42,105950,105951],{"class":2348}," 102",[42,105953,70],{"class":56},[42,105955,105956],{"class":2348}," 103",[42,105958,4226],{"class":56},[42,105960,105961],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,105962,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,105964,105965,105967,105969,105972,105974,105977],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,105966,284],{"class":52},[42,105968,57],{"class":56},[42,105970,105971],{"class":2348},"102",[42,105973,21531],{"class":48},[42,105975,105976],{"class":125}," allowed_ids",[42,105978,143],{"class":56},[42,105980,105981,105983,105985,105988,105990,105992],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,105982,284],{"class":52},[42,105984,57],{"class":56},[42,105986,105987],{"class":2348},"999",[42,105989,21531],{"class":48},[42,105991,105976],{"class":125},[42,105993,143],{"class":56},[14,105995,2395],{},[33,105997,105998],{"className":35,"code":44536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,105999,106000,106004],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106001,106002],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106003,4318],{"class":4190},[42,106005,106006],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106007,4379],{"class":4190},[14,106009,106010],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[28,106012,106014],{"id":106013},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,106016,106017],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1073,106019,146,106021,98322],{"id":106020},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[17,106022,4134],{},[33,106024,106025],{"className":35,"code":98383,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,106026,106027,106037],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106028,106029,106031,106033,106035],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106030,98390],{"class":114},[42,106032,88],{"class":87},[42,106034,15991],{"class":834},[42,106036,129],{"class":56},[42,106038,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106040,284],{"class":52},[42,106042,57],{"class":56},[42,106044,835],{"class":834},[42,106046,57],{"class":56},[42,106048,98409],{"class":125},[42,106050,842],{"class":56},[14,106052,2395],{},[33,106054,106055],{"className":35,"code":9202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,106056,106057],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106058,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106060,855],{"class":87},[42,106062,859],{"class":858},[42,106064,862],{"class":60},[42,106066,6633],{"class":64},[42,106068,868],{"class":60},[42,106070,871],{"class":87},[1073,106072,146,106074,106076],{"id":106073},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[17,106075,100382],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[33,106078,106080],{"className":35,"code":106079,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[17,106081,106082,106102],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106083,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106085,3952],{"class":114},[42,106087,88],{"class":87},[42,106089,10842],{"class":56},[42,106091,3320],{"class":2348},[42,106093,70],{"class":56},[42,106095,3325],{"class":2348},[42,106097,70],{"class":56},[42,106099,2781],{"class":2348},[42,106101,9659],{"class":56},[42,106103,106104,106106,106108,106110,106112,106114],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106105,284],{"class":52},[42,106107,57],{"class":56},[42,106109,835],{"class":834},[42,106111,57],{"class":56},[42,106113,3984],{"class":125},[42,106115,842],{"class":56},[14,106117,2395],{},[33,106119,106120],{"className":35,"code":9202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,106121,106122],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106123,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106125,855],{"class":87},[42,106127,859],{"class":858},[42,106129,862],{"class":60},[42,106131,6633],{"class":64},[42,106133,868],{"class":60},[42,106135,871],{"class":87},[1073,106137,146,106139,106141],{"id":106138},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[17,106140,4129],{}," for an empty dictionary",[33,106143,106145],{"className":35,"code":106144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[17,106146,106147,106156],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106148,106149,106152,106154],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106150,106151],{"class":114},"empty_dict ",[42,106153,88],{"class":87},[42,106155,10189],{"class":56},[42,106157,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106169],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106159,284],{"class":52},[42,106161,57],{"class":56},[42,106163,835],{"class":834},[42,106165,57],{"class":56},[42,106167,106168],{"class":125},"empty_dict",[42,106170,842],{"class":56},[14,106172,2395],{},[33,106174,106175],{"className":35,"code":9158,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,106176,106177],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106178,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106189],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106180,855],{"class":87},[42,106182,859],{"class":858},[42,106184,862],{"class":60},[42,106186,9171],{"class":64},[42,106188,868],{"class":60},[42,106190,871],{"class":87},[14,106192,106193],{},"So the rule is simple:",[167,106195,106196,106201,106206],{},[170,106197,106198,106200],{},[17,106199,4134],{}," → empty set",[170,106202,106203,106205],{},[17,106204,100382],{}," → non-empty set",[170,106207,106208,106210],{},[17,106209,4129],{}," → empty dictionary",[28,106212,1929],{"id":1928},[14,106214,106215,106216,122],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[17,106217,4134],{},[1073,106219,1940,106220,99980],{"id":99977},[17,106221,4129],{},[14,106223,106224],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[33,106226,106227],{"className":35,"code":99986,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,106228,106229,106237],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106230,106231,106233,106235],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106232,2776],{"class":114},[42,106234,88],{"class":87},[42,106236,10189],{"class":56},[42,106238,106239,106241,106243,106245,106247,106249],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106240,284],{"class":52},[42,106242,57],{"class":56},[42,106244,835],{"class":834},[42,106246,57],{"class":56},[42,106248,2803],{"class":125},[42,106250,842],{"class":56},[1073,106252,106254,106255],{"id":106253},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[17,106256,106257],{},"set(5)",[14,106259,106260,106262],{},[17,106261,4134],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[33,106264,106266],{"className":35,"code":106265,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set(5)\n",[17,106267,106268],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106269,106270,106272,106274,106276],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106271,6633],{"class":834},[42,106273,57],{"class":56},[42,106275,2461],{"class":2348},[42,106277,143],{"class":56},[14,106279,3335,106280,106282,106283,122],{},[17,106281,3338],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[693,106284,106286],{"href":106285},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1073,106288,106290],{"id":106289},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,106292,106293],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[33,106295,106297],{"className":35,"code":106296,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[17,106298,106299],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106300,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317,106319,106321,106323],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106302,2776],{"class":114},[42,106304,88],{"class":87},[42,106306,99717],{"class":56},[42,106308,3320],{"class":2348},[42,106310,70],{"class":56},[42,106312,3325],{"class":2348},[42,106314,18421],{"class":56},[42,106316,3957],{"class":56},[42,106318,2387],{"class":2348},[42,106320,70],{"class":56},[42,106322,2787],{"class":2348},[42,106324,14063],{"class":56},[1073,106326,8803,106328,106330],{"id":106327},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[17,106329,4134],{}," to keep the original order",[14,106332,106333],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1073,106335,37565,106337,9054,106339,1327,106341],{"id":106336},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[17,106338,4134],{},[17,106340,25138],{},[17,106342,9470],{},[14,106344,106345],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[28,106347,61074],{"id":61073},[14,106349,11466],{},[33,106351,106353],{"className":35,"code":106352,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[17,106354,106355,106370,106380,106394],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106356,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106368],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106358,284],{"class":52},[42,106360,57],{"class":56},[42,106362,835],{"class":834},[42,106364,57],{"class":56},[42,106366,106367],{"class":125},"my_value",[42,106369,842],{"class":56},[42,106371,106372,106374,106376,106378],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106373,284],{"class":52},[42,106375,57],{"class":56},[42,106377,106367],{"class":125},[42,106379,143],{"class":56},[42,106381,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,106383,284],{"class":52},[42,106385,57],{"class":56},[42,106387,8443],{"class":834},[42,106389,57],{"class":56},[42,106391,16024],{"class":125},[42,106393,842],{"class":56},[42,106395,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,106397,284],{"class":52},[42,106399,57],{"class":56},[42,106401,11515],{"class":52},[42,106403,57],{"class":56},[42,106405,16024],{"class":125},[42,106407,842],{"class":56},[14,106409,106410],{},"What they help you see:",[167,106412,106413,106419,106424,106430],{},[170,106414,106415,106418],{},[17,106416,106417],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[170,106420,106421,90646],{},[17,106422,106423],{},"print(my_value)",[170,106425,106426,106429],{},[17,106427,106428],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[170,106431,106432,106435],{},[17,106433,106434],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[28,106437,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,106439,106441],{"id":106440},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,106443,106444],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1073,106446,106448],{"id":106447},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,106450,146,106451,106453,106454,106456],{},[17,106452,4134],{},". Do not use ",[17,106455,4129],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1073,106458,106460],{"id":106459},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,106462,106463],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1073,106465,106467],{"id":106466},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,106469,106470],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,106472,219],{},[33,106474,106476],{"className":35,"code":106475,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[17,106477,106478],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106479,106480,106482,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106481,284],{"class":52},[42,106483,57],{"class":56},[42,106485,6633],{"class":834},[42,106487,57],{"class":56},[42,106489,61],{"class":60},[42,106491,4418],{"class":64},[42,106493,61],{"class":60},[42,106495,842],{"class":56},[14,106497,845],{},[33,106499,106501],{"className":35,"code":106500,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[17,106502,106503],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106504,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106519,106521,106523,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106506,9628],{"class":56},[42,106508,868],{"class":60},[42,106510,693],{"class":64},[42,106512,868],{"class":60},[42,106514,70],{"class":56},[42,106516,862],{"class":60},[42,106518,14],{"class":64},[42,106520,868],{"class":60},[42,106522,70],{"class":56},[42,106524,862],{"class":60},[42,106526,60822],{"class":64},[42,106528,868],{"class":60},[42,106530,70],{"class":56},[42,106532,862],{"class":60},[42,106534,60813],{"class":64},[42,106536,868],{"class":60},[42,106538,9659],{"class":56},[1073,106540,5501,106542,106545],{"id":106541},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[17,106543,106544],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106547,106548,29044,106550,106553],{},[17,106549,4134],{},[177,106551,106552],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106555,106556],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[33,106558,106560],{"className":35,"code":106559,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[17,106561,106562],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106563,106564,106566,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106565,284],{"class":52},[42,106567,57],{"class":56},[42,106569,6633],{"class":834},[42,106571,3317],{"class":56},[42,106573,3320],{"class":2348},[42,106575,70],{"class":56},[42,106577,3325],{"class":2348},[42,106579,70],{"class":56},[42,106581,2781],{"class":2348},[42,106583,70],{"class":56},[42,106585,2787],{"class":2348},[42,106587,3332],{"class":56},[28,106589,2205],{"id":2204},[167,106591,106592,106596,106600,106604,106608],{},[170,106593,106594],{},[693,106595,96428],{"href":96427},[170,106597,106598],{},[693,106599,104592],{"href":96431},[170,106601,106602],{},[693,106603,100444],{"href":105443},[170,106605,106606],{},[693,106607,105150],{"href":65212},[170,106609,106610],{},[693,106611,106286],{"href":106285},[2245,106613,106614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":106616},[106617,106618,106619,106620,106621,106627,106628,106629,106637,106647,106648,106656],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":104768,"depth":111,"text":104769},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":105153,"depth":111,"text":105154},{"id":105340,"depth":111,"text":105341,"children":106622},[106623,106624,106625,106626],{"id":105344,"depth":132,"text":105345},{"id":105446,"depth":132,"text":105447},{"id":105530,"depth":132,"text":105531},{"id":105622,"depth":132,"text":105623},{"id":105690,"depth":111,"text":105691},{"id":105904,"depth":111,"text":105905},{"id":106013,"depth":111,"text":106014,"children":106630},[106631,106633,106635],{"id":106020,"depth":132,"text":106632},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106073,"depth":132,"text":106634},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106138,"depth":132,"text":106636},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":106638},[106639,106640,106642,106643,106645],{"id":99977,"depth":132,"text":100485},{"id":106253,"depth":132,"text":106641},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106289,"depth":132,"text":106290},{"id":106327,"depth":132,"text":106644},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106336,"depth":132,"text":106646},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":61073,"depth":111,"text":61074},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":106649},[106650,106651,106652,106653,106654],{"id":106440,"depth":132,"text":106441},{"id":106447,"depth":132,"text":106448},{"id":106459,"depth":132,"text":106460},{"id":106466,"depth":132,"text":106467},{"id":106541,"depth":132,"text":106655},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104650,"description":106657},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106664,"title":106665,"body":106666,"description":108181,"extension":2285,"meta":108182,"navigation":2287,"path":108183,"seo":108184,"stem":108185,"__hash__":108186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106667,"toc":108157},[106668,106674,106679,106682,106765,106770,106775,106780,106782,106795,106799,106801,106820,106823,106846,106849,106860,106862,106943,106945,106962,106964,106970,106973,107068,107070,107101,107103,107111,107113,107116,107227,107229,107254,107256,107278,107283,107288,107294,107403,107405,107421,107424,107427,107510,107512,107529,107537,107539,107543,107549,107640,107642,107675,107680,107687,107764,107766,107783,107789,107791,107795,107811,107814,107840,107842,107903,107905,108028,108030,108081,108087,108089,108094,108096,108102,108105,108109,108112,108116,108119,108129,108131,108154],[10,106669,3908,106671,11676],{"id":106670},"python-setintersection-method",[17,106672,106673],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106675,2303,106676,106678],{},[17,106677,106673],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106680,106681],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[33,106683,106685],{"className":35,"code":106684,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[17,106686,106687,106707,106727,106731,106750,106760],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106688,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106690,2886],{"class":114},[42,106692,88],{"class":87},[42,106694,10842],{"class":56},[42,106696,3320],{"class":2348},[42,106698,70],{"class":56},[42,106700,3325],{"class":2348},[42,106702,70],{"class":56},[42,106704,2781],{"class":2348},[42,106706,9659],{"class":56},[42,106708,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106710,2914],{"class":114},[42,106712,88],{"class":87},[42,106714,10842],{"class":56},[42,106716,2381],{"class":2348},[42,106718,70],{"class":56},[42,106720,2781],{"class":2348},[42,106722,70],{"class":56},[42,106724,2787],{"class":2348},[42,106726,9659],{"class":56},[42,106728,106729],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,106730,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,106732,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741,106744,106746,106748],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,106734,2555],{"class":114},[42,106736,88],{"class":87},[42,106738,57252],{"class":114},[42,106740,122],{"class":56},[42,106742,106743],{"class":125},"intersection",[42,106745,57],{"class":56},[42,106747,5102],{"class":125},[42,106749,143],{"class":56},[42,106751,106752,106754,106756,106758],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,106753,284],{"class":52},[42,106755,57],{"class":56},[42,106757,2592],{"class":125},[42,106759,143],{"class":56},[42,106761,106762],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,106763,106764],{"class":525},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106766,146,106767,106769],{},[17,106768,102891],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[28,106771,13353,106773,13356],{"id":106772},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[17,106774,102891],{},[14,106776,106777,106779],{},[17,106778,102891],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106781,13409],{},[167,106783,106784,106787,106789,106792],{},[170,106785,106786],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[170,106788,100661],{},[170,106790,106791],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[170,106793,106794],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106796,96424,106797,122],{},[693,106798,96428],{"href":96427},[28,106800,312],{"id":311},[33,106802,106804],{"className":35,"code":106803,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[17,106805,106806],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106807,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106809,100685],{"class":114},[42,106811,122],{"class":56},[42,106813,106743],{"class":125},[42,106815,57],{"class":56},[42,106817,100694],{"class":125},[42,106819,143],{"class":56},[14,106821,106822],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[33,106824,106826],{"className":35,"code":106825,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[17,106827,106828],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106829,106830,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842,106844],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106831,100685],{"class":114},[42,106833,122],{"class":56},[42,106835,106743],{"class":125},[42,106837,57],{"class":56},[42,106839,100694],{"class":125},[42,106841,70],{"class":56},[42,106843,100721],{"class":125},[42,106845,143],{"class":56},[14,106847,106848],{},"Important notes:",[167,106850,106851,106854,106857],{},[170,106852,106853],{},"The result is always a new set",[170,106855,106856],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[170,106858,106859],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106861,219],{},[33,106863,106865],{"className":35,"code":106864,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,106866,106867,106891,106911,106915,106933],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106868,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106870,2886],{"class":114},[42,106872,88],{"class":87},[42,106874,10842],{"class":56},[42,106876,3320],{"class":2348},[42,106878,70],{"class":56},[42,106880,3325],{"class":2348},[42,106882,70],{"class":56},[42,106884,2781],{"class":2348},[42,106886,70],{"class":56},[42,106888,2787],{"class":2348},[42,106890,9659],{"class":56},[42,106892,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,106894,2914],{"class":114},[42,106896,88],{"class":87},[42,106898,10842],{"class":56},[42,106900,2387],{"class":2348},[42,106902,70],{"class":56},[42,106904,2787],{"class":2348},[42,106906,70],{"class":56},[42,106908,4946],{"class":2348},[42,106910,9659],{"class":56},[42,106912,106913],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,106914,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,106916,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,106918,2555],{"class":114},[42,106920,88],{"class":87},[42,106922,57252],{"class":114},[42,106924,122],{"class":56},[42,106926,106743],{"class":125},[42,106928,57],{"class":56},[42,106930,5102],{"class":125},[42,106932,143],{"class":56},[42,106934,106935,106937,106939,106941],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,106936,284],{"class":52},[42,106938,57],{"class":56},[42,106940,2592],{"class":125},[42,106942,143],{"class":56},[14,106944,2395],{},[33,106946,106948],{"className":35,"code":106947,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{3, 4}\n",[17,106949,106950],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106951,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106953,9628],{"class":56},[42,106955,2387],{"class":2348},[42,106957,70],{"class":56},[42,106959,2787],{"class":2348},[42,106961,9659],{"class":56},[28,106963,17778],{"id":17777},[14,106965,106966,751,106968,122],{},[17,106967,102891],{},[177,106969,6633],{},[14,106971,106972],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[33,106974,106976],{"className":35,"code":106975,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,106977,106978,106998,107018,107022,107040,107044,107054],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,106979,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,106981,2886],{"class":114},[42,106983,88],{"class":87},[42,106985,10842],{"class":56},[42,106987,3320],{"class":2348},[42,106989,70],{"class":56},[42,106991,3325],{"class":2348},[42,106993,70],{"class":56},[42,106995,2781],{"class":2348},[42,106997,9659],{"class":56},[42,106999,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012,107014,107016],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107001,2914],{"class":114},[42,107003,88],{"class":87},[42,107005,10842],{"class":56},[42,107007,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107009,70],{"class":56},[42,107011,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107013,70],{"class":56},[42,107015,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107017,9659],{"class":56},[42,107019,107020],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107021,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107023,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107025,2555],{"class":114},[42,107027,88],{"class":87},[42,107029,57252],{"class":114},[42,107031,122],{"class":56},[42,107033,106743],{"class":125},[42,107035,57],{"class":56},[42,107037,5102],{"class":125},[42,107039,143],{"class":56},[42,107041,107042],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,107043,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107045,107046,107048,107050,107052],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,107047,284],{"class":52},[42,107049,57],{"class":56},[42,107051,2592],{"class":125},[42,107053,143],{"class":56},[42,107055,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064,107066],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,107057,284],{"class":52},[42,107059,57],{"class":56},[42,107061,835],{"class":834},[42,107063,57],{"class":56},[42,107065,2592],{"class":125},[42,107067,842],{"class":56},[14,107069,2395],{},[33,107071,107073],{"className":35,"code":107072,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[17,107074,107075,107087],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107076,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107078,9628],{"class":56},[42,107080,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107082,70],{"class":56},[42,107084,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107086,9659],{"class":56},[42,107088,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097,107099],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107090,855],{"class":87},[42,107092,859],{"class":858},[42,107094,862],{"class":60},[42,107096,6633],{"class":64},[42,107098,868],{"class":60},[42,107100,871],{"class":87},[14,107102,86173],{},[167,107104,107105,107108],{},[170,107106,107107],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[170,107109,107110],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[28,107112,11829],{"id":11828},[14,107114,107115],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[33,107117,107119],{"className":35,"code":107118,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[17,107120,107121,107154,107187,107191,107212,107216],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107122,107123,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107124,107125],{"class":114},"colors1 ",[42,107127,88],{"class":87},[42,107129,10842],{"class":56},[42,107131,61],{"class":60},[42,107133,13450],{"class":64},[42,107135,61],{"class":60},[42,107137,70],{"class":56},[42,107139,73],{"class":60},[42,107141,13467],{"class":64},[42,107143,61],{"class":60},[42,107145,70],{"class":56},[42,107147,73],{"class":60},[42,107149,17814],{"class":64},[42,107151,61],{"class":60},[42,107153,9659],{"class":56},[42,107155,107156,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183,107185],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107157,107158],{"class":114},"colors2 ",[42,107160,88],{"class":87},[42,107162,10842],{"class":56},[42,107164,61],{"class":60},[42,107166,17814],{"class":64},[42,107168,61],{"class":60},[42,107170,70],{"class":56},[42,107172,73],{"class":60},[42,107174,22881],{"class":64},[42,107176,61],{"class":60},[42,107178,70],{"class":56},[42,107180,73],{"class":60},[42,107182,13467],{"class":64},[42,107184,61],{"class":60},[42,107186,9659],{"class":56},[42,107188,107189],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107190,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107192,107193,107196,107198,107201,107203,107205,107207,107210],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107194,107195],{"class":114},"common_colors ",[42,107197,88],{"class":87},[42,107199,107200],{"class":114}," colors1",[42,107202,122],{"class":56},[42,107204,106743],{"class":125},[42,107206,57],{"class":56},[42,107208,107209],{"class":125},"colors2",[42,107211,143],{"class":56},[42,107213,107214],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,107215,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107217,107218,107220,107222,107225],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,107219,284],{"class":52},[42,107221,57],{"class":56},[42,107223,107224],{"class":125},"common_colors",[42,107226,143],{"class":56},[14,107228,2395],{},[33,107230,107232],{"className":35,"code":107231,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[17,107233,107234],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107235,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107237,9628],{"class":56},[42,107239,868],{"class":60},[42,107241,13467],{"class":64},[42,107243,868],{"class":60},[42,107245,70],{"class":56},[42,107247,862],{"class":60},[42,107249,17814],{"class":64},[42,107251,868],{"class":60},[42,107253,9659],{"class":56},[14,107255,12038],{},[167,107257,107258,107264,107268,107273],{},[170,107259,107260,107263],{},[17,107261,107262],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[170,107265,107266,107263],{},[17,107267,107209],{},[170,107269,107270,107272],{},[17,107271,102891],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[170,107274,107275,107276],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[17,107277,107224],{},[28,107279,1940,107281,101258],{"id":107280},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[17,107282,102891],{},[14,107284,107285,107286,122],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[17,107287,102891],{},[14,107289,107290,107291,107293],{},"Only the values found in ",[177,107292,4052],{}," inputs will be kept.",[33,107295,107297],{"className":35,"code":107296,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[17,107298,107299,107323,107347,107367,107371,107393],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107302,2886],{"class":114},[42,107304,88],{"class":87},[42,107306,10842],{"class":56},[42,107308,3320],{"class":2348},[42,107310,70],{"class":56},[42,107312,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107314,70],{"class":56},[42,107316,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107318,70],{"class":56},[42,107320,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107322,9659],{"class":56},[42,107324,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107326,2914],{"class":114},[42,107328,88],{"class":87},[42,107330,10842],{"class":56},[42,107332,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107334,70],{"class":56},[42,107336,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107338,70],{"class":56},[42,107340,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107342,70],{"class":56},[42,107344,4946],{"class":2348},[42,107346,9659],{"class":56},[42,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107350,83548],{"class":114},[42,107352,88],{"class":87},[42,107354,10842],{"class":56},[42,107356,2387],{"class":2348},[42,107358,70],{"class":56},[42,107360,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107362,70],{"class":56},[42,107364,38005],{"class":2348},[42,107366,9659],{"class":56},[42,107368,107369],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107370,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,107374,2555],{"class":114},[42,107376,88],{"class":87},[42,107378,57252],{"class":114},[42,107380,122],{"class":56},[42,107382,106743],{"class":125},[42,107384,57],{"class":56},[42,107386,5102],{"class":125},[42,107388,70],{"class":56},[42,107390,10032],{"class":125},[42,107392,143],{"class":56},[42,107394,107395,107397,107399,107401],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,107396,284],{"class":52},[42,107398,57],{"class":56},[42,107400,2592],{"class":125},[42,107402,143],{"class":56},[14,107404,2395],{},[33,107406,107407],{"className":35,"code":106947,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,107408,107409],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107410,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107412,9628],{"class":56},[42,107414,2387],{"class":2348},[42,107416,70],{"class":56},[42,107418,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107420,9659],{"class":56},[14,107422,107423],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,107425,107426],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[33,107428,107430],{"className":35,"code":107429,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[17,107431,107432,107456,107460,107500],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107433,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452,107454],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107435,2886],{"class":114},[42,107437,88],{"class":87},[42,107439,10842],{"class":56},[42,107441,3320],{"class":2348},[42,107443,70],{"class":56},[42,107445,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107447,70],{"class":56},[42,107449,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107451,70],{"class":56},[42,107453,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107455,9659],{"class":56},[42,107457,107458],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107459,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107461,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107463,2555],{"class":114},[42,107465,88],{"class":87},[42,107467,57252],{"class":114},[42,107469,122],{"class":56},[42,107471,106743],{"class":125},[42,107473,3317],{"class":56},[42,107475,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107477,70],{"class":56},[42,107479,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107481,70],{"class":56},[42,107483,38005],{"class":2348},[42,107485,18421],{"class":56},[42,107487,9586],{"class":56},[42,107489,3320],{"class":2348},[42,107491,70],{"class":56},[42,107493,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107495,70],{"class":56},[42,107497,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107499,842],{"class":56},[42,107501,107502,107504,107506,107508],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107503,284],{"class":52},[42,107505,57],{"class":56},[42,107507,2592],{"class":125},[42,107509,143],{"class":56},[14,107511,2395],{},[33,107513,107515],{"className":35,"code":107514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{2, 4}\n",[17,107516,107517],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107518,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107520,9628],{"class":56},[42,107522,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107524,70],{"class":56},[42,107526,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107528,9659],{"class":56},[28,107530,107532,10937,107534],{"id":107531},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[17,107533,102891],{},[17,107535,107536],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107538,101428],{},[1073,107540,107541],{"id":106743},[17,107542,102891],{},[167,107544,107545,107547],{},[170,107546,101437],{},[170,107548,101440],{},[33,107550,107552],{"className":35,"code":107551,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[17,107553,107554,107574,107594,107598,107616,107620,107630],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107555,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568,107570,107572],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107557,2886],{"class":114},[42,107559,88],{"class":87},[42,107561,10842],{"class":56},[42,107563,3320],{"class":2348},[42,107565,70],{"class":56},[42,107567,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107569,70],{"class":56},[42,107571,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107573,9659],{"class":56},[42,107575,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107577,2914],{"class":114},[42,107579,88],{"class":87},[42,107581,10842],{"class":56},[42,107583,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107585,70],{"class":56},[42,107587,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107589,70],{"class":56},[42,107591,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107593,9659],{"class":56},[42,107595,107596],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107597,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107599,107600,107602,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107601,2555],{"class":114},[42,107603,88],{"class":87},[42,107605,57252],{"class":114},[42,107607,122],{"class":56},[42,107609,106743],{"class":125},[42,107611,57],{"class":56},[42,107613,5102],{"class":125},[42,107615,143],{"class":56},[42,107617,107618],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,107619,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107621,107622,107624,107626,107628],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,107623,284],{"class":52},[42,107625,57],{"class":56},[42,107627,693],{"class":125},[42,107629,143],{"class":56},[42,107631,107632,107634,107636,107638],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,107633,284],{"class":52},[42,107635,57],{"class":56},[42,107637,2592],{"class":125},[42,107639,143],{"class":56},[14,107641,2395],{},[33,107643,107645],{"className":35,"code":107644,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[17,107646,107647,107663],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107648,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107650,9628],{"class":56},[42,107652,3320],{"class":2348},[42,107654,70],{"class":56},[42,107656,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107658,70],{"class":56},[42,107660,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107662,9659],{"class":56},[42,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107666,9628],{"class":56},[42,107668,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107670,70],{"class":56},[42,107672,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107674,9659],{"class":56},[1073,107676,107678],{"id":107677},"intersection_update",[17,107679,107536],{},[167,107681,107682,107684],{},[170,107683,101580],{},[170,107685,107686],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[33,107688,107690],{"className":35,"code":107689,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[17,107691,107692,107712,107732,107736,107750,107754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107693,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107695,2886],{"class":114},[42,107697,88],{"class":87},[42,107699,10842],{"class":56},[42,107701,3320],{"class":2348},[42,107703,70],{"class":56},[42,107705,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107707,70],{"class":56},[42,107709,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107711,9659],{"class":56},[42,107713,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107715,2914],{"class":114},[42,107717,88],{"class":87},[42,107719,10842],{"class":56},[42,107721,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107723,70],{"class":56},[42,107725,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107727,70],{"class":56},[42,107729,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107731,9659],{"class":56},[42,107733,107734],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107735,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107737,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107739,693],{"class":114},[42,107741,122],{"class":56},[42,107743,107677],{"class":125},[42,107745,57],{"class":56},[42,107747,5102],{"class":125},[42,107749,143],{"class":56},[42,107751,107752],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,107753,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107755,107756,107758,107760,107762],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,107757,284],{"class":52},[42,107759,57],{"class":56},[42,107761,693],{"class":125},[42,107763,143],{"class":56},[14,107765,2395],{},[33,107767,107769],{"className":35,"code":107768,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{2, 3}\n",[17,107770,107771],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107774,9628],{"class":56},[42,107776,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107778,70],{"class":56},[42,107780,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107782,9659],{"class":56},[14,107784,107785,107786,107788],{},"Choose ",[17,107787,102891],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[28,107790,4859],{"id":4858},[14,107792,15090,107793,1935],{},[17,107794,102891],{},[167,107796,107797,107800,107803,107806],{},[170,107798,107799],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[170,107801,107802],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[170,107804,107805],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[170,107807,107808,107809],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[17,107810,102891],{},[14,107812,107813],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[167,107815,107816,107821,107824,107837],{},[170,107817,1940,107818,107820],{},[17,107819,102891],{}," when order matters",[170,107822,107823],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[170,107825,37565,107826,9054,107828,1327,107833],{},[17,107827,102891],{},[693,107829,107831],{"href":107830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[17,107832,102899],{},[693,107834,107835],{"href":102940},[17,107836,100514],{},[170,107838,107839],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107841,30494],{},[33,107843,107845],{"className":35,"code":107844,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[17,107846,107847,107857,107871,107889],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107848,107849,107851,107853,107855],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107850,284],{"class":52},[42,107852,57],{"class":56},[42,107854,16024],{"class":125},[42,107856,143],{"class":56},[42,107858,107859,107861,107863,107865,107867,107869],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107860,284],{"class":52},[42,107862,57],{"class":56},[42,107864,835],{"class":834},[42,107866,57],{"class":56},[42,107868,2592],{"class":125},[42,107870,842],{"class":56},[42,107872,107873,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107874,284],{"class":52},[42,107876,57],{"class":56},[42,107878,100685],{"class":125},[42,107880,122],{"class":56},[42,107882,106743],{"class":125},[42,107884,57],{"class":56},[42,107886,100694],{"class":125},[42,107888,842],{"class":56},[42,107890,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107892,284],{"class":52},[42,107894,57],{"class":56},[42,107896,11515],{"class":52},[42,107898,57],{"class":56},[42,107900,2592],{"class":125},[42,107902,842],{"class":56},[14,107904,219],{},[33,107906,107908],{"className":35,"code":107907,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[17,107909,107910,107934,107954,107958,107976,107980,107990,108000,108014],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,107911,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,107913,3952],{"class":114},[42,107915,88],{"class":87},[42,107917,10842],{"class":56},[42,107919,3320],{"class":2348},[42,107921,70],{"class":56},[42,107923,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107925,70],{"class":56},[42,107927,3325],{"class":2348},[42,107929,70],{"class":56},[42,107931,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107933,9659],{"class":56},[42,107935,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,107937,43911],{"class":114},[42,107939,88],{"class":87},[42,107941,10842],{"class":56},[42,107943,2381],{"class":2348},[42,107945,70],{"class":56},[42,107947,2781],{"class":2348},[42,107949,70],{"class":56},[42,107951,2787],{"class":2348},[42,107953,9659],{"class":56},[42,107955,107956],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,107957,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107959,107960,107962,107964,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,107961,2555],{"class":114},[42,107963,88],{"class":87},[42,107965,4603],{"class":114},[42,107967,122],{"class":56},[42,107969,106743],{"class":125},[42,107971,57],{"class":56},[42,107973,31102],{"class":125},[42,107975,143],{"class":56},[42,107977,107978],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,107979,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,107981,107982,107984,107986,107988],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,107983,284],{"class":52},[42,107985,57],{"class":56},[42,107987,3984],{"class":125},[42,107989,143],{"class":56},[42,107991,107992,107994,107996,107998],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,107993,284],{"class":52},[42,107995,57],{"class":56},[42,107997,2592],{"class":125},[42,107999,143],{"class":56},[42,108001,108002,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,108003,284],{"class":52},[42,108005,57],{"class":56},[42,108007,835],{"class":834},[42,108009,57],{"class":56},[42,108011,2592],{"class":125},[42,108013,842],{"class":56},[42,108015,108016,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,108017,284],{"class":52},[42,108019,57],{"class":56},[42,108021,11515],{"class":52},[42,108023,57],{"class":56},[42,108025,2592],{"class":125},[42,108027,842],{"class":56},[14,108029,2395],{},[33,108031,108033],{"className":35,"code":108032,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[17,108034,108035,108051,108063,108077],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108036,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108038,9628],{"class":56},[42,108040,3320],{"class":2348},[42,108042,70],{"class":56},[42,108044,3325],{"class":2348},[42,108046,70],{"class":56},[42,108048,2781],{"class":2348},[42,108050,9659],{"class":56},[42,108052,108053,108055,108057,108059,108061],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108054,9628],{"class":56},[42,108056,2381],{"class":2348},[42,108058,70],{"class":56},[42,108060,2781],{"class":2348},[42,108062,9659],{"class":56},[42,108064,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,108066,855],{"class":87},[42,108068,859],{"class":858},[42,108070,862],{"class":60},[42,108072,6633],{"class":64},[42,108074,868],{"class":60},[42,108076,871],{"class":87},[42,108078,108079],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,108080,17415],{"class":2348},[14,108082,108083,108084,108086],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[17,108085,2381],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[28,108088,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,108090,13060,108092,102839],{"id":108091},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[17,108093,102891],{},[14,108095,102842],{},[1073,108097,5513,108099,108101],{"id":108098},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[17,108100,102891],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,108103,108104],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1073,108106,108108],{"id":108107},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,108110,108111],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1073,108113,108115],{"id":108114},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,108117,108118],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[33,108120,108121],{"className":35,"code":97558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,108122,108123],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108124,108125,108127],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108126,6633],{"class":834},[42,108128,129],{"class":56},[28,108130,2205],{"id":2204},[167,108132,108133,108137,108144,108150],{},[170,108134,108135],{},[693,108136,96428],{"href":96427},[170,108138,108139],{},[693,108140,3908,108141,11093],{"href":107830},[17,108142,108143],{},"set.union()",[170,108145,108146],{},[693,108147,3908,108148,11093],{"href":102940},[17,108149,100519],{},[170,108151,108152],{},[693,108153,100444],{"href":105443},[2245,108155,108156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":108158},[108159,108161,108162,108163,108164,108166,108171,108172,108180],{"id":106772,"depth":111,"text":108160},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":107280,"depth":111,"text":108165},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107531,"depth":111,"text":108167,"children":108168},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108169,108170],{"id":106743,"depth":132,"text":102891},{"id":107677,"depth":132,"text":107536},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":108173},[108174,108176,108178,108179],{"id":108091,"depth":132,"text":108175},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108098,"depth":132,"text":108177},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108107,"depth":132,"text":108108},{"id":108114,"depth":132,"text":108115},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106665,"description":108181},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108188,"title":108189,"body":108190,"description":109426,"extension":2285,"meta":109427,"navigation":2287,"path":109428,"seo":109429,"stem":109430,"__hash__":109431},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108191,"toc":109393},[108192,108197,108203,108212,108214,108289,108294,108309,108319,108324,108328,108341,108345,108347,108362,108364,108380,108382,108457,108461,108464,108466,108483,108488,108543,108548,108560,108564,108567,108668,108670,108711,108714,108718,108725,108727,108752,108755,108773,108780,108786,108789,108871,108878,108881,108961,108970,108973,108978,108982,108996,109045,109050,109054,109065,109114,109125,109130,109134,109146,109195,109206,109208,109212,109235,109237,109294,109296,109310,109312,109318,109324,109330,109339,109343,109350,109354,109362,109364,109390],[10,108193,96300,108195,11676],{"id":108194},"python-set-pop-method",[17,108196,13119],{},[14,108198,108199,108202],{},[17,108200,108201],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,108204,108205,108206,108208,108209,108211],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[177,108207,179],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[17,108210,13119],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[28,108213,31],{"id":30},[33,108215,108217],{"className":35,"code":108216,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[17,108218,108219,108251,108265,108269,108279],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108220,108221,108223,108225,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108222,8128],{"class":114},[42,108224,88],{"class":87},[42,108226,10842],{"class":56},[42,108228,61],{"class":60},[42,108230,4418],{"class":64},[42,108232,61],{"class":60},[42,108234,70],{"class":56},[42,108236,73],{"class":60},[42,108238,4427],{"class":64},[42,108240,61],{"class":60},[42,108242,70],{"class":56},[42,108244,73],{"class":60},[42,108246,4436],{"class":64},[42,108248,61],{"class":60},[42,108250,9659],{"class":56},[42,108252,108253,108255,108257,108259,108261,108263],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108254,70297],{"class":114},[42,108256,88],{"class":87},[42,108258,6311],{"class":114},[42,108260,122],{"class":56},[42,108262,26599],{"class":125},[42,108264,129],{"class":56},[42,108266,108267],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,108268,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,108272,284],{"class":52},[42,108274,57],{"class":56},[42,108276,70320],{"class":125},[42,108278,143],{"class":56},[42,108280,108281,108283,108285,108287],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,108282,284],{"class":52},[42,108284,57],{"class":56},[42,108286,8159],{"class":125},[42,108288,143],{"class":56},[14,108290,108291],{},[177,108292,108293],{},"What this does:",[167,108295,108296,108301,108306],{},[170,108297,108298,108299],{},"Removes one item from ",[17,108300,8159],{},[170,108302,108303,108304],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[17,108305,70320],{},[170,108307,108308],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,108310,108311,89060,108313,108315,108316,108318],{},[177,108312,84182],{},[17,108314,108201],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[177,108317,179],{}," chosen by index.",[28,108320,4013,108322,4016],{"id":108321},"what-setpop-does",[17,108323,108201],{},[14,108325,108326,1935],{},[17,108327,108201],{},[167,108329,108330,108332,108335,108338],{},[170,108331,103142],{},[170,108333,108334],{},"Returns the removed item",[170,108336,108337],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[170,108339,108340],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,108342,96424,108343,122],{},[693,108344,96428],{"href":97599},[28,108346,312],{"id":311},[33,108348,108350],{"className":35,"code":108349,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set.pop()\n",[17,108351,108352],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108353,108354,108356,108358,108360],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108355,16024],{"class":114},[42,108357,122],{"class":56},[42,108359,26599],{"class":125},[42,108361,129],{"class":56},[14,108363,13409],{},[167,108365,108366,108372,108377],{},[170,108367,108368,108369],{},"The syntax is ",[17,108370,108371],{},"my_set.pop()",[170,108373,108374,108375],{},"It takes ",[177,108376,29047],{},[170,108378,108379],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,108381,219],{},[33,108383,108385],{"className":35,"code":108384,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[17,108386,108387,108419,108433,108437,108447],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108388,108389,108391,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108390,13433],{"class":114},[42,108392,88],{"class":87},[42,108394,10842],{"class":56},[42,108396,61],{"class":60},[42,108398,13450],{"class":64},[42,108400,61],{"class":60},[42,108402,70],{"class":56},[42,108404,73],{"class":60},[42,108406,13467],{"class":64},[42,108408,61],{"class":60},[42,108410,70],{"class":56},[42,108412,73],{"class":60},[42,108414,17814],{"class":64},[42,108416,61],{"class":60},[42,108418,9659],{"class":56},[42,108420,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108422,28897],{"class":114},[42,108424,88],{"class":87},[42,108426,13481],{"class":114},[42,108428,122],{"class":56},[42,108430,26599],{"class":125},[42,108432,129],{"class":56},[42,108434,108435],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,108436,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,108438,108439,108441,108443,108445],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,108440,284],{"class":52},[42,108442,57],{"class":56},[42,108444,23668],{"class":125},[42,108446,143],{"class":56},[42,108448,108449,108451,108453,108455],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,108450,284],{"class":52},[42,108452,57],{"class":56},[42,108454,17861],{"class":125},[42,108456,143],{"class":56},[28,108458,108460],{"id":108459},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,108462,108463],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,108465,2432],{},[167,108467,108468,108474,108477],{},[170,108469,108470,108471,108473],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[17,108472,13119],{}," removes",[170,108475,108476],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[170,108478,108479,108480,108482],{},"You should not use ",[17,108481,13119],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,108484,10812,108485,108487],{},[177,108486,179],{}," valid:",[33,108489,108491],{"className":35,"code":108490,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[17,108492,108493,108525],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108494,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108496,36599],{"class":114},[42,108498,88],{"class":87},[42,108500,10842],{"class":56},[42,108502,61],{"class":60},[42,108504,4418],{"class":64},[42,108506,61],{"class":60},[42,108508,70],{"class":56},[42,108510,73],{"class":60},[42,108512,4427],{"class":64},[42,108514,61],{"class":60},[42,108516,70],{"class":56},[42,108518,73],{"class":60},[42,108520,4436],{"class":64},[42,108522,61],{"class":60},[42,108524,9659],{"class":56},[42,108526,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539,108541],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108528,36651],{"class":114},[42,108530,122],{"class":56},[42,108532,26599],{"class":125},[42,108534,57],{"class":56},[42,108536,61],{"class":60},[42,108538,4418],{"class":64},[42,108540,61],{"class":60},[42,108542,143],{"class":56},[14,108544,40016,108545,108547],{},[17,108546,108201],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108549,108550,108551,1327,108555,122],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[693,108552,108553],{"href":98309},[17,108554,102968],{},[693,108556,108558],{"href":108557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[17,108559,102959],{},[28,108561,108563],{"id":108562},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108565,108566],{},"Here is a simple example:",[33,108568,108570],{"className":35,"code":108569,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[17,108571,108572,108606,108610,108626,108630,108649],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108573,108574,108577,108579,108581,108583,108585,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108602,108604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108575,108576],{"class":114},"animals ",[42,108578,88],{"class":87},[42,108580,10842],{"class":56},[42,108582,61],{"class":60},[42,108584,37408],{"class":64},[42,108586,61],{"class":60},[42,108588,70],{"class":56},[42,108590,73],{"class":60},[42,108592,58492],{"class":64},[42,108594,61],{"class":60},[42,108596,70],{"class":56},[42,108598,73],{"class":60},[42,108600,108601],{"class":64},"rabbit",[42,108603,61],{"class":60},[42,108605,9659],{"class":56},[42,108607,108608],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108609,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,108611,108612,108615,108617,108620,108622,108624],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,108613,108614],{"class":114},"removed_animal ",[42,108616,88],{"class":87},[42,108618,108619],{"class":114}," animals",[42,108621,122],{"class":56},[42,108623,26599],{"class":125},[42,108625,129],{"class":56},[42,108627,108628],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,108629,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,108631,108632,108634,108636,108638,108640,108642,108644,108647],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,108633,284],{"class":52},[42,108635,57],{"class":56},[42,108637,61],{"class":60},[42,108639,29315],{"class":64},[42,108641,61],{"class":60},[42,108643,70],{"class":56},[42,108645,108646],{"class":125}," removed_animal",[42,108648,143],{"class":56},[42,108650,108651,108653,108655,108657,108660,108662,108664,108666],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,108652,284],{"class":52},[42,108654,57],{"class":56},[42,108656,61],{"class":60},[42,108658,108659],{"class":64},"Updated set:",[42,108661,61],{"class":60},[42,108663,70],{"class":56},[42,108665,108619],{"class":125},[42,108667,143],{"class":56},[14,108669,845],{},[33,108671,108673],{"className":35,"code":108672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[17,108674,108675,108684],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108676,108677,108679,108681],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108678,29357],{"class":114},[42,108680,1935],{"class":56},[42,108682,108683],{"class":114}," dog\n",[42,108685,108686,108689,108691,108693,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703,108705,108707,108709],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108687,108688],{"class":114},"Updated ",[42,108690,6633],{"class":834},[42,108692,1935],{"class":56},[42,108694,10842],{"class":56},[42,108696,868],{"class":60},[42,108698,37408],{"class":64},[42,108700,868],{"class":60},[42,108702,70],{"class":56},[42,108704,862],{"class":60},[42,108706,108601],{"class":64},[42,108708,868],{"class":60},[42,108710,9659],{"class":56},[14,108712,108713],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[28,108715,108717],{"id":108716},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108719,30009,108720,108722,108723,122],{},[17,108721,13119],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[17,108724,20046],{},[14,108726,219],{},[33,108728,108730],{"className":35,"code":108729,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[17,108731,108732,108742],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108733,108734,108736,108738,108740],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108735,8128],{"class":114},[42,108737,88],{"class":87},[42,108739,15991],{"class":834},[42,108741,129],{"class":56},[42,108743,108744,108746,108748,108750],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108745,8159],{"class":114},[42,108747,122],{"class":56},[42,108749,26599],{"class":125},[42,108751,129],{"class":56},[14,108753,108754],{},"This raises:",[33,108756,108758],{"className":35,"code":108757,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[17,108759,108760],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108761,108762,108764,108766,108768,108771],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108763,20046],{"class":834},[42,108765,1935],{"class":56},[42,108767,862],{"class":60},[42,108769,108770],{"class":64},"pop from an empty set",[42,108772,30059],{"class":60},[14,108774,108775,108776,108779],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[693,108777,108778],{"href":11427},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1073,108781,108783,108784],{"id":108782},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[17,108785,13119],{},[14,108787,108788],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[33,108790,108792],{"className":35,"code":108791,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[17,108793,108794,108804,108808,108816,108831,108850,108856],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108795,108796,108798,108800,108802],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108797,8128],{"class":114},[42,108799,88],{"class":87},[42,108801,15991],{"class":834},[42,108803,129],{"class":56},[42,108805,108806],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108807,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,108809,108810,108812,108814],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,108811,7345],{"class":48},[42,108813,6311],{"class":114},[42,108815,108],{"class":56},[42,108817,108818,108821,108823,108825,108827,108829],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,108819,108820],{"class":114},"    removed ",[42,108822,88],{"class":87},[42,108824,6311],{"class":114},[42,108826,122],{"class":56},[42,108828,26599],{"class":125},[42,108830,129],{"class":56},[42,108832,108833,108835,108837,108839,108841,108843,108845,108848],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,108834,135],{"class":52},[42,108836,57],{"class":56},[42,108838,61],{"class":60},[42,108840,29315],{"class":64},[42,108842,61],{"class":60},[42,108844,70],{"class":56},[42,108846,108847],{"class":125}," removed",[42,108849,143],{"class":56},[42,108851,108852,108854],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,108853,27792],{"class":48},[42,108855,108],{"class":56},[42,108857,108858,108860,108862,108864,108867,108869],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,108859,135],{"class":52},[42,108861,57],{"class":56},[42,108863,61],{"class":60},[42,108865,108866],{"class":64},"The set is empty.",[42,108868,61],{"class":60},[42,108870,143],{"class":56},[1073,108872,146,108874,1753,108876],{"id":108873},"use-try-and-except",[17,108875,30163],{},[17,108877,30194],{},[14,108879,108880],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[33,108882,108884],{"className":35,"code":108883,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[17,108885,108886,108896,108900,108906,108920,108938,108946],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,108887,108888,108890,108892,108894],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,108889,8128],{"class":114},[42,108891,88],{"class":87},[42,108893,15991],{"class":834},[42,108895,129],{"class":56},[42,108897,108898],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,108899,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,108901,108902,108904],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,108903,30163],{"class":48},[42,108905,108],{"class":56},[42,108907,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,108909,108820],{"class":114},[42,108911,88],{"class":87},[42,108913,6311],{"class":114},[42,108915,122],{"class":56},[42,108917,26599],{"class":125},[42,108919,129],{"class":56},[42,108921,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,108923,135],{"class":52},[42,108925,57],{"class":56},[42,108927,61],{"class":60},[42,108929,29315],{"class":64},[42,108931,61],{"class":60},[42,108933,70],{"class":56},[42,108935,108847],{"class":125},[42,108937,143],{"class":56},[42,108939,108940,108942,108944],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,108941,30194],{"class":48},[42,108943,30197],{"class":834},[42,108945,108],{"class":56},[42,108947,108948,108950,108952,108954,108957,108959],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,108949,135],{"class":52},[42,108951,57],{"class":56},[42,108953,61],{"class":60},[42,108955,108956],{"class":64},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[42,108958,61],{"class":60},[42,108960,143],{"class":56},[28,108962,5303,108964,10937,108966,10937,108968],{"id":108963},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[17,108965,13119],{},[17,108967,55893],{},[17,108969,102954],{},[14,108971,108972],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1073,108974,146,108976],{"id":108975},"use-pop",[17,108977,13119],{},[14,108979,146,108980,10953],{},[17,108981,13119],{},[167,108983,108984,108990,108993],{},[170,108985,108986,108987],{},"You want to remove ",[177,108988,108989],{},"any one item",[170,108991,108992],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[170,108994,108995],{},"You want the removed item returned",[33,108997,108999],{"className":35,"code":108998,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[17,109000,109001,109021,109035],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109002,109003,109005,109007,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109004,3952],{"class":114},[42,109006,88],{"class":87},[42,109008,10842],{"class":56},[42,109010,3320],{"class":2348},[42,109012,70],{"class":56},[42,109014,3325],{"class":2348},[42,109016,70],{"class":56},[42,109018,2781],{"class":2348},[42,109020,9659],{"class":56},[42,109022,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109024,2776],{"class":114},[42,109026,88],{"class":87},[42,109028,4603],{"class":114},[42,109030,122],{"class":56},[42,109032,26599],{"class":125},[42,109034,129],{"class":56},[42,109036,109037,109039,109041,109043],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,109038,284],{"class":52},[42,109040,57],{"class":56},[42,109042,2803],{"class":125},[42,109044,143],{"class":56},[1073,109046,146,109048],{"id":109047},"use-remove",[17,109049,55893],{},[14,109051,146,109052,10953],{},[17,109053,55893],{},[167,109055,109056,109062],{},[170,109057,109058,109059],{},"You want to delete a ",[177,109060,109061],{},"specific item",[170,109063,109064],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[33,109066,109068],{"className":35,"code":109067,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,109069,109070,109090,109104],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109071,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109073,3952],{"class":114},[42,109075,88],{"class":87},[42,109077,10842],{"class":56},[42,109079,3320],{"class":2348},[42,109081,70],{"class":56},[42,109083,3325],{"class":2348},[42,109085,70],{"class":56},[42,109087,2781],{"class":2348},[42,109089,9659],{"class":56},[42,109091,109092,109094,109096,109098,109100,109102],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109093,3984],{"class":114},[42,109095,122],{"class":56},[42,109097,35154],{"class":125},[42,109099,57],{"class":56},[42,109101,2381],{"class":2348},[42,109103,143],{"class":56},[42,109105,109106,109108,109110,109112],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,109107,284],{"class":52},[42,109109,57],{"class":56},[42,109111,3984],{"class":125},[42,109113,143],{"class":56},[14,109115,109116,109117,109119,109120,109124],{},"If the item is missing, ",[17,109118,55893],{}," raises an error. See the ",[693,109121,109122,11093],{"href":98309},[17,109123,102968],{}," for details.",[1073,109126,146,109128],{"id":109127},"use-discard",[17,109129,102954],{},[14,109131,146,109132,10953],{},[17,109133,102954],{},[167,109135,109136,109140],{},[170,109137,109058,109138],{},[177,109139,109061],{},[170,109141,109142,109143,109145],{},"You do ",[177,109144,179],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[33,109147,109149],{"className":35,"code":109148,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,109150,109151,109171,109185],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109154,3952],{"class":114},[42,109156,88],{"class":87},[42,109158,10842],{"class":56},[42,109160,3320],{"class":2348},[42,109162,70],{"class":56},[42,109164,3325],{"class":2348},[42,109166,70],{"class":56},[42,109168,2781],{"class":2348},[42,109170,9659],{"class":56},[42,109172,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181,109183],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109174,3984],{"class":114},[42,109176,122],{"class":56},[42,109178,103021],{"class":125},[42,109180,57],{"class":56},[42,109182,2461],{"class":2348},[42,109184,143],{"class":56},[42,109186,109187,109189,109191,109193],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,109188,284],{"class":52},[42,109190,57],{"class":56},[42,109192,3984],{"class":125},[42,109194,143],{"class":56},[14,109196,109197,109198,109200,109201,109205],{},"This does nothing if ",[17,109199,2461],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[693,109202,109203,11093],{"href":108557},[17,109204,102959],{}," for more examples.",[28,109207,1929],{"id":1928},[14,109209,71842,109210,1935],{},[17,109211,108201],{},[167,109213,109214,109220,109225,109230],{},[170,109215,109216,109217],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[17,109218,109219],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[170,109221,8803,109222,109224],{},[17,109223,13119],{}," to remove the first or last item",[170,109226,30009,109227,109229],{},[17,109228,13119],{}," on an empty set",[170,109231,1940,109232,109234],{},[17,109233,13119],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,109236,62659],{},[33,109238,109240],{"className":35,"code":109239,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[17,109241,109242,109252,109266,109280],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109243,109244,109246,109248,109250],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109245,284],{"class":52},[42,109247,57],{"class":56},[42,109249,16024],{"class":125},[42,109251,143],{"class":56},[42,109253,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109255,284],{"class":52},[42,109257,57],{"class":56},[42,109259,11515],{"class":52},[42,109261,57],{"class":56},[42,109263,16024],{"class":125},[42,109265,842],{"class":56},[42,109267,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,109269,284],{"class":52},[42,109271,57],{"class":56},[42,109273,835],{"class":834},[42,109275,57],{"class":56},[42,109277,16024],{"class":125},[42,109279,842],{"class":56},[42,109281,109282,109284,109286,109288,109290,109292],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,109283,28897],{"class":114},[42,109285,88],{"class":87},[42,109287,97024],{"class":114},[42,109289,122],{"class":56},[42,109291,26599],{"class":125},[42,109293,129],{"class":56},[14,109295,26366],{},[167,109297,109298,109301,109304,109307],{},[170,109299,109300],{},"What values are in the set",[170,109302,109303],{},"Whether the set is empty",[170,109305,109306],{},"That the object is really a set",[170,109308,109309],{},"What value was actually removed",[28,109311,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,109313,13060,109315,109317],{"id":109314},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[17,109316,108201],{}," remove the first item?",[14,109319,109320,109321,109323],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[17,109322,13119],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1073,109325,109327,109328,2823],{"id":109326},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[17,109329,108201],{},[14,109331,109332,109333,109335,109336,109338],{},"No. Unlike list ",[17,109334,13119],{},", set ",[17,109337,13119],{}," does not accept an index.",[1073,109340,109342],{"id":109341},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,109344,72011,109345,44992,109347,109349],{},[17,109346,20046],{},[17,109348,13119],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1073,109351,109353],{"id":109352},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,109355,146,109356,1327,109358,11445,109360,122],{},[17,109357,55893],{},[17,109359,102954],{},[17,109361,13119],{},[28,109363,2205],{"id":2204},[167,109365,109366,109370,109376,109382,109386],{},[170,109367,109368],{},[693,109369,96428],{"href":97599},[170,109371,109372],{},[693,109373,96914,109374,11093],{"href":98309},[17,109375,55893],{},[170,109377,109378],{},[693,109379,96914,109380,11093],{"href":108557},[17,109381,102954],{},[170,109383,109384],{},[693,109385,11616],{"href":11427},[170,109387,109388],{},[693,109389,55879],{"href":55431},[2245,109391,109392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":109394},[109395,109396,109398,109399,109400,109401,109407,109416,109417,109425],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":108321,"depth":111,"text":109397},"What set.pop() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":108459,"depth":111,"text":108460},{"id":108562,"depth":111,"text":108563},{"id":108716,"depth":111,"text":108717,"children":109402},[109403,109405],{"id":108782,"depth":132,"text":109404},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108873,"depth":132,"text":109406},"Use try and except",{"id":108963,"depth":111,"text":109408,"children":109409},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109410,109412,109414],{"id":108975,"depth":132,"text":109411},"Use pop()",{"id":109047,"depth":132,"text":109413},"Use remove()",{"id":109127,"depth":132,"text":109415},"Use discard()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":109418},[109419,109421,109423,109424],{"id":109314,"depth":132,"text":109420},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109326,"depth":132,"text":109422},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109341,"depth":132,"text":109342},{"id":109352,"depth":132,"text":109353},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108189,"description":109426},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109433,"title":109434,"body":109435,"description":110589,"extension":2285,"meta":110590,"navigation":2287,"path":110591,"seo":110592,"stem":110593,"__hash__":110594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109436,"toc":110557},[109437,109442,109447,109456,109458,109523,109527,109551,109558,109563,109567,109582,109585,109587,109606,109620,109623,109671,109675,109691,109693,109766,109770,109795,109801,109809,109813,109820,109875,109880,109897,109903,109909,109914,109922,109929,109933,109941,109996,109998,110015,110019,110026,110091,110095,110128,110130,110142,110149,110151,110156,110163,110165,110234,110238,110246,110248,110312,110316,110321,110368,110373,110441,110449,110456,110459,110465,110470,110474,110476,110479,110481,110486,110491,110497,110502,110509,110517,110523,110526,110528,110554],[10,109438,96300,109440,11676],{"id":109439},"python-set-remove-method",[17,109441,55893],{},[14,109443,109444,109446],{},[17,109445,102968],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,109448,109449,109450,109453,109454,122],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[177,109451,109452],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[17,109455,20046],{},[28,109457,31],{"id":30},[33,109459,109461],{"className":35,"code":109460,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,109462,109463,109495,109513],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109464,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487,109489,109491,109493],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109466,13433],{"class":114},[42,109468,88],{"class":87},[42,109470,10842],{"class":56},[42,109472,61],{"class":60},[42,109474,13450],{"class":64},[42,109476,61],{"class":60},[42,109478,70],{"class":56},[42,109480,73],{"class":60},[42,109482,13467],{"class":64},[42,109484,61],{"class":60},[42,109486,70],{"class":56},[42,109488,73],{"class":60},[42,109490,17814],{"class":64},[42,109492,61],{"class":60},[42,109494,9659],{"class":56},[42,109496,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109498,17861],{"class":114},[42,109500,122],{"class":56},[42,109502,35154],{"class":125},[42,109504,57],{"class":56},[42,109506,61],{"class":60},[42,109508,13467],{"class":64},[42,109510,61],{"class":60},[42,109512,143],{"class":56},[42,109514,109515,109517,109519,109521],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,109516,284],{"class":52},[42,109518,57],{"class":56},[42,109520,17861],{"class":125},[42,109522,143],{"class":56},[14,109524,109525],{},[177,109526,845],{},[33,109528,109529],{"className":35,"code":103648,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,109530,109531],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109532,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109534,9628],{"class":56},[42,109536,868],{"class":60},[42,109538,13450],{"class":64},[42,109540,868],{"class":60},[42,109542,70],{"class":56},[42,109544,862],{"class":60},[42,109546,17814],{"class":64},[42,109548,868],{"class":60},[42,109550,9659],{"class":56},[14,109552,146,109553,109555,109556,122],{},[17,109554,55893],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[17,109557,20046],{},[28,109559,4013,109561,4016],{"id":109560},"what-setremove-does",[17,109562,102968],{},[14,109564,109565,1935],{},[17,109566,102968],{},[167,109568,109569,109572,109574,109576],{},[170,109570,109571],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[170,109573,96415],{},[170,109575,96418],{},[170,109577,109578,109579,109581],{},"Raises ",[17,109580,20046],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109583,109584],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[28,109586,312],{"id":311},[33,109588,109590],{"className":35,"code":109589,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[17,109591,109592],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109593,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109595,16024],{"class":114},[42,109597,122],{"class":56},[42,109599,35154],{"class":125},[42,109601,57],{"class":56},[42,109603,2803],{"class":125},[42,109605,143],{"class":56},[167,109607,109608,109612,109617],{},[170,109609,109610,103190],{},[17,109611,16024],{},[170,109613,109614,109616],{},[17,109615,2803],{}," is the item to remove",[170,109618,109619],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109621,109622],{},"Here is a small example:",[33,109624,109625],{"className":35,"code":109067,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,109626,109627,109647,109661],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109628,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109630,3952],{"class":114},[42,109632,88],{"class":87},[42,109634,10842],{"class":56},[42,109636,3320],{"class":2348},[42,109638,70],{"class":56},[42,109640,3325],{"class":2348},[42,109642,70],{"class":56},[42,109644,2781],{"class":2348},[42,109646,9659],{"class":56},[42,109648,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109650,3984],{"class":114},[42,109652,122],{"class":56},[42,109654,35154],{"class":125},[42,109656,57],{"class":56},[42,109658,2381],{"class":2348},[42,109660,143],{"class":56},[42,109662,109663,109665,109667,109669],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,109664,284],{"class":52},[42,109666,57],{"class":56},[42,109668,3984],{"class":125},[42,109670,143],{"class":56},[14,109672,109673],{},[177,109674,845],{},[33,109676,109677],{"className":35,"code":101398,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,109678,109679],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109680,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109682,9628],{"class":56},[42,109684,3320],{"class":2348},[42,109686,70],{"class":56},[42,109688,2781],{"class":2348},[42,109690,9659],{"class":56},[28,109692,11829],{"id":11828},[33,109694,109696],{"className":35,"code":109695,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[17,109697,109698,109730,109734,109752,109756],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109699,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109701,36599],{"class":114},[42,109703,88],{"class":87},[42,109705,10842],{"class":56},[42,109707,61],{"class":60},[42,109709,4418],{"class":64},[42,109711,61],{"class":60},[42,109713,70],{"class":56},[42,109715,73],{"class":60},[42,109717,4427],{"class":64},[42,109719,61],{"class":60},[42,109721,70],{"class":56},[42,109723,73],{"class":60},[42,109725,33581],{"class":64},[42,109727,61],{"class":60},[42,109729,9659],{"class":56},[42,109731,109732],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109733,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,109735,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,109737,36651],{"class":114},[42,109739,122],{"class":56},[42,109741,35154],{"class":125},[42,109743,57],{"class":56},[42,109745,61],{"class":60},[42,109747,4427],{"class":64},[42,109749,61],{"class":60},[42,109751,143],{"class":56},[42,109753,109754],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,109755,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,109757,109758,109760,109762,109764],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,109759,284],{"class":52},[42,109761,57],{"class":56},[42,109763,36651],{"class":125},[42,109765,143],{"class":56},[14,109767,109768],{},[177,109769,845],{},[33,109771,109773],{"className":35,"code":109772,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[17,109774,109775],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109776,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109778,9628],{"class":56},[42,109780,868],{"class":60},[42,109782,4418],{"class":64},[42,109784,868],{"class":60},[42,109786,70],{"class":56},[42,109788,862],{"class":60},[42,109790,33581],{"class":64},[42,109792,868],{"class":60},[42,109794,9659],{"class":56},[14,109796,109797,109798,109800],{},"This removes ",[17,109799,65638],{}," from the set.",[14,109802,109803,109804,109806,109807,122],{},"A set does ",[177,109805,179],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[693,109808,96432],{"href":97983},[28,109810,109812],{"id":109811},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109814,109815,109816,52858,109818,122],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[17,109817,55893],{},[17,109819,20046],{},[33,109821,109823],{"className":35,"code":109822,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[17,109824,109825,109857],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109826,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109828,13433],{"class":114},[42,109830,88],{"class":87},[42,109832,10842],{"class":56},[42,109834,61],{"class":60},[42,109836,13450],{"class":64},[42,109838,61],{"class":60},[42,109840,70],{"class":56},[42,109842,73],{"class":60},[42,109844,13467],{"class":64},[42,109846,61],{"class":60},[42,109848,70],{"class":56},[42,109850,73],{"class":60},[42,109852,17814],{"class":64},[42,109854,61],{"class":60},[42,109856,9659],{"class":56},[42,109858,109859,109861,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109860,17861],{"class":114},[42,109862,122],{"class":56},[42,109864,35154],{"class":125},[42,109866,57],{"class":56},[42,109868,61],{"class":60},[42,109870,22881],{"class":64},[42,109872,61],{"class":60},[42,109874,143],{"class":56},[14,109876,109877],{},[177,109878,109879],{},"Result:",[33,109881,109883],{"className":35,"code":109882,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[17,109884,109885],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109886,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109888,20046],{"class":834},[42,109890,1935],{"class":56},[42,109892,862],{"class":60},[42,109894,22881],{"class":64},[42,109896,30059],{"class":60},[14,109898,22546,109899,109902],{},[17,109900,109901],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109904,109905,109906,109908],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[17,109907,55893],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109910,109911,109912,122],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[693,109913,11616],{"href":11427},[28,109915,4538,109917,109919,109920],{"id":109916},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[17,109918,55893],{}," is different from ",[17,109921,102954],{},[14,109923,109924,1753,109926,109928],{},[17,109925,55893],{},[17,109927,102954],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1073,109930,109931],{"id":35154},[17,109932,55893],{},[167,109934,109935,109938],{},[170,109936,109937],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[170,109939,109940],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[33,109942,109944],{"className":35,"code":109943,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[17,109945,109946,109978],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,109947,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,109949,36450],{"class":114},[42,109951,88],{"class":87},[42,109953,10842],{"class":56},[42,109955,61],{"class":60},[42,109957,693],{"class":64},[42,109959,61],{"class":60},[42,109961,70],{"class":56},[42,109963,73],{"class":60},[42,109965,5102],{"class":64},[42,109967,61],{"class":60},[42,109969,70],{"class":56},[42,109971,73],{"class":60},[42,109973,10090],{"class":64},[42,109975,61],{"class":60},[42,109977,9659],{"class":56},[42,109979,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,109981,36503],{"class":114},[42,109983,122],{"class":56},[42,109985,35154],{"class":125},[42,109987,57],{"class":56},[42,109989,61],{"class":60},[42,109991,19126],{"class":64},[42,109993,61],{"class":60},[42,109995,143],{"class":56},[14,109997,108754],{},[33,109999,110001],{"className":35,"code":110000,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[17,110002,110003],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110004,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110006,20046],{"class":834},[42,110008,1935],{"class":56},[42,110010,862],{"class":60},[42,110012,19126],{"class":64},[42,110014,30059],{"class":60},[1073,110016,110017],{"id":103021},[17,110018,102954],{},[167,110020,110021,110023],{},[170,110022,109937],{},[170,110024,110025],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[33,110027,110029],{"className":35,"code":110028,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,110030,110031,110063,110081],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110032,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110034,36450],{"class":114},[42,110036,88],{"class":87},[42,110038,10842],{"class":56},[42,110040,61],{"class":60},[42,110042,693],{"class":64},[42,110044,61],{"class":60},[42,110046,70],{"class":56},[42,110048,73],{"class":60},[42,110050,5102],{"class":64},[42,110052,61],{"class":60},[42,110054,70],{"class":56},[42,110056,73],{"class":60},[42,110058,10090],{"class":64},[42,110060,61],{"class":60},[42,110062,9659],{"class":56},[42,110064,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,110066,36503],{"class":114},[42,110068,122],{"class":56},[42,110070,103021],{"class":125},[42,110072,57],{"class":56},[42,110074,61],{"class":60},[42,110076,19126],{"class":64},[42,110078,61],{"class":60},[42,110080,143],{"class":56},[42,110082,110083,110085,110087,110089],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,110084,284],{"class":52},[42,110086,57],{"class":56},[42,110088,36503],{"class":125},[42,110090,143],{"class":56},[14,110092,110093],{},[177,110094,2395],{},[33,110096,110098],{"className":35,"code":110097,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[17,110099,110100],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110101,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110103,9628],{"class":56},[42,110105,868],{"class":60},[42,110107,693],{"class":64},[42,110109,868],{"class":60},[42,110111,70],{"class":56},[42,110113,862],{"class":60},[42,110115,5102],{"class":64},[42,110117,868],{"class":60},[42,110119,70],{"class":56},[42,110121,862],{"class":60},[42,110123,10090],{"class":64},[42,110125,868],{"class":60},[42,110127,9659],{"class":56},[14,110129,19053],{},[167,110131,110132,110137],{},[170,110133,110134,110136],{},[17,110135,55893],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[170,110138,110139,110141],{},[17,110140,102954],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,110143,110144,110145,122],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[693,110146,96914,110147,11093],{"href":108557},[17,110148,102954],{},[28,110150,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,110152,8803,110154,97294],{"id":110153},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[17,110155,55893],{},[14,110157,110158,110160,110161,122],{},[17,110159,55893],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[17,110162,4115],{},[14,110164,17002],{},[33,110166,110168],{"className":35,"code":110167,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[17,110169,110170,110202,110224],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110171,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110173,13433],{"class":114},[42,110175,88],{"class":87},[42,110177,10842],{"class":56},[42,110179,61],{"class":60},[42,110181,13450],{"class":64},[42,110183,61],{"class":60},[42,110185,70],{"class":56},[42,110187,73],{"class":60},[42,110189,13467],{"class":64},[42,110191,61],{"class":60},[42,110193,70],{"class":56},[42,110195,73],{"class":60},[42,110197,17814],{"class":64},[42,110199,61],{"class":60},[42,110201,9659],{"class":56},[42,110203,110204,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,110205,13476],{"class":114},[42,110207,88],{"class":87},[42,110209,13481],{"class":114},[42,110211,122],{"class":56},[42,110213,35154],{"class":125},[42,110215,57],{"class":56},[42,110217,61],{"class":60},[42,110219,13467],{"class":64},[42,110221,61],{"class":60},[42,110223,143],{"class":56},[42,110225,110226,110228,110230,110232],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,110227,284],{"class":52},[42,110229,57],{"class":56},[42,110231,13500],{"class":125},[42,110233,143],{"class":56},[14,110235,110236],{},[177,110237,2395],{},[33,110239,110240],{"className":35,"code":12163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,110241,110242],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110243,110244],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110245,12163],{"class":4190},[14,110247,17014],{},[33,110249,110250],{"className":35,"code":109460,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,110251,110252,110284,110302],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110253,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278,110280,110282],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110255,13433],{"class":114},[42,110257,88],{"class":87},[42,110259,10842],{"class":56},[42,110261,61],{"class":60},[42,110263,13450],{"class":64},[42,110265,61],{"class":60},[42,110267,70],{"class":56},[42,110269,73],{"class":60},[42,110271,13467],{"class":64},[42,110273,61],{"class":60},[42,110275,70],{"class":56},[42,110277,73],{"class":60},[42,110279,17814],{"class":64},[42,110281,61],{"class":60},[42,110283,9659],{"class":56},[42,110285,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,110287,17861],{"class":114},[42,110289,122],{"class":56},[42,110291,35154],{"class":125},[42,110293,57],{"class":56},[42,110295,61],{"class":60},[42,110297,13467],{"class":64},[42,110299,61],{"class":60},[42,110301,143],{"class":56},[42,110303,110304,110306,110308,110310],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,110305,284],{"class":52},[42,110307,57],{"class":56},[42,110309,17861],{"class":125},[42,110311,143],{"class":56},[1073,110313,110315],{"id":110314},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,110317,110318,110319,122],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[17,110320,20046],{},[33,110322,110324],{"className":35,"code":110323,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[17,110325,110326,110350],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110327,110328,110330,110332,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110329,13433],{"class":114},[42,110331,88],{"class":87},[42,110333,10842],{"class":56},[42,110335,61],{"class":60},[42,110337,13450],{"class":64},[42,110339,61],{"class":60},[42,110341,70],{"class":56},[42,110343,73],{"class":60},[42,110345,13467],{"class":64},[42,110347,61],{"class":60},[42,110349,9659],{"class":56},[42,110351,110352,110354,110356,110358,110360,110362,110364,110366],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,110353,17861],{"class":114},[42,110355,122],{"class":56},[42,110357,35154],{"class":125},[42,110359,57],{"class":56},[42,110361,61],{"class":60},[42,110363,17814],{"class":64},[42,110365,61],{"class":60},[42,110367,143],{"class":56},[14,110369,110370,110371,1935],{},"To check first, you can use ",[17,110372,1299],{},[33,110374,110376],{"className":35,"code":110375,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[17,110377,110378,110402,110406,110422],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110379,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110381,13433],{"class":114},[42,110383,88],{"class":87},[42,110385,10842],{"class":56},[42,110387,61],{"class":60},[42,110389,13450],{"class":64},[42,110391,61],{"class":60},[42,110393,70],{"class":56},[42,110395,73],{"class":60},[42,110397,13467],{"class":64},[42,110399,61],{"class":60},[42,110401,9659],{"class":56},[42,110403,110404],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,110405,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,110407,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418,110420],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,110409,7345],{"class":48},[42,110411,73],{"class":60},[42,110413,17814],{"class":64},[42,110415,61],{"class":60},[42,110417,21531],{"class":87},[42,110419,13481],{"class":114},[42,110421,108],{"class":56},[42,110423,110424,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,110425,110426],{"class":114},"    colors",[42,110428,122],{"class":56},[42,110430,35154],{"class":125},[42,110432,57],{"class":56},[42,110434,61],{"class":60},[42,110436,17814],{"class":64},[42,110438,61],{"class":60},[42,110440,143],{"class":56},[14,110442,110443,110444,110448],{},"Or use ",[693,110445,110446],{"href":108557},[17,110447,102954],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1073,110450,37565,110452,9054,110454],{"id":110451},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[17,110453,102968],{},[17,110455,55439],{},[14,110457,110458],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,110460,110461,110462,110464],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[17,110463,102968],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,110466,110467,110468,122],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[693,110469,99178],{"href":99177},[1073,110471,110473],{"id":110472},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,110475,108463],{},[14,110477,110478],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[28,110480,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,110482,13060,110484,97393],{"id":110483},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[17,110485,102968],{},[14,110487,110488,110489,122],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[17,110490,4115],{},[1073,110492,30646,110494,110496],{"id":110493},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[17,110495,102968],{}," raise?",[14,110498,30652,110499,110501],{},[17,110500,20046],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1073,110503,21778,110505,1327,110507,2823],{"id":110504},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[17,110506,55893],{},[17,110508,102954],{},[14,110510,146,110511,110513,110514,110516],{},[17,110512,55893],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[17,110515,102954],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1073,110518,5513,110520,110522],{"id":110519},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[17,110521,102968],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110524,110525],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[28,110527,2205],{"id":2204},[167,110529,110530,110536,110542,110546,110550],{},[170,110531,110532],{},[693,110533,96914,110534,11093],{"href":108557},[17,110535,102954],{},[170,110537,110538],{},[693,110539,96914,110540,11093],{"href":98314},[17,110541,13119],{},[170,110543,110544],{},[693,110545,97438],{"href":97983},[170,110547,110548],{},[693,110549,100444],{"href":99177},[170,110551,110552],{},[693,110553,11616],{"href":11427},[2245,110555,110556],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":110558},[110559,110560,110562,110563,110564,110565,110570,110578,110588],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":109560,"depth":111,"text":110561},"What set.remove() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":109811,"depth":111,"text":109812},{"id":109916,"depth":111,"text":110566,"children":110567},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110568,110569],{"id":35154,"depth":132,"text":55893},{"id":103021,"depth":132,"text":102954},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":110571},[110572,110574,110575,110577],{"id":110153,"depth":132,"text":110573},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110314,"depth":132,"text":110315},{"id":110451,"depth":132,"text":110576},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110472,"depth":132,"text":110473},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":110579},[110580,110582,110584,110586],{"id":110483,"depth":132,"text":110581},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110493,"depth":132,"text":110583},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110504,"depth":132,"text":110585},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110519,"depth":132,"text":110587},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109434,"description":110589},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110596,"title":110597,"body":110598,"description":111971,"extension":2285,"meta":111972,"navigation":2287,"path":111973,"seo":111974,"stem":111975,"__hash__":111976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110599,"toc":111946},[110600,110606,110612,110615,110618,110632,110634,110715,110718,110723,110727,110741,110748,110750,110769,110772,110790,110792,110872,110874,110899,110903,110906,110914,110919,110924,110926,110939,110944,110947,110971,110974,110982,110984,110987,111084,111086,111119,111121,111147,111154,111157,111161,111169,111173,111181,111183,111273,111275,111289,111296,111301,111306,111308,111399,111401,111413,111415,111429,111435,111443,111445,111527,111529,111574,111577,111585,111588,111590,111594,111637,111639,111659,111664,111666,111751,111753,111758,111760,111767,111775,111781,111784,111786,111872,111874,111898,111902,111905,111907,111934,111944],[10,110601,96300,110603,11676],{"id":110602},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[17,110604,110605],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110607,110608,110611],{},[17,110609,110610],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110613,110614],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110616,110617],{},"Use it when:",[167,110619,110620,110623,110629],{},[170,110621,110622],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[170,110624,110625,110626,110628],{},"you do ",[177,110627,179],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[170,110630,110631],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[28,110633,3942],{"id":3941},[33,110635,110637],{"className":35,"code":110636,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110638,110639,110659,110679,110683,110702],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110640,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110642,2886],{"class":114},[42,110644,88],{"class":87},[42,110646,10842],{"class":56},[42,110648,3320],{"class":2348},[42,110650,70],{"class":56},[42,110652,3325],{"class":2348},[42,110654,70],{"class":56},[42,110656,2781],{"class":2348},[42,110658,9659],{"class":56},[42,110660,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,110662,2914],{"class":114},[42,110664,88],{"class":87},[42,110666,10842],{"class":56},[42,110668,2387],{"class":2348},[42,110670,70],{"class":56},[42,110672,2787],{"class":2348},[42,110674,70],{"class":56},[42,110676,4946],{"class":2348},[42,110678,9659],{"class":56},[42,110680,110681],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,110682,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,110684,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110696,110698,110700],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,110686,2555],{"class":114},[42,110688,88],{"class":87},[42,110690,57252],{"class":114},[42,110692,122],{"class":56},[42,110694,110695],{"class":125},"symmetric_difference",[42,110697,57],{"class":56},[42,110699,5102],{"class":125},[42,110701,143],{"class":56},[42,110703,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,110705,284],{"class":52},[42,110707,57],{"class":56},[42,110709,2592],{"class":125},[42,110711,98],{"class":56},[42,110713,110714],{"class":525},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110716,110717],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[28,110719,4013,110721,4016],{"id":110720},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[17,110722,110605],{},[14,110724,110725,1935],{},[17,110726,110610],{},[167,110728,110729,110732,110735,110738],{},[170,110730,110731],{},"returns a new set",[170,110733,110734],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[170,110736,110737],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[170,110739,110740],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110742,96424,110743,1327,110745,122],{},[693,110744,96428],{"href":96427},[693,110746,110747],{"href":96431},"creating a set in Python",[28,110749,312],{"id":311},[33,110751,110753],{"className":35,"code":110752,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[17,110754,110755],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110756,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110758,100685],{"class":114},[42,110760,122],{"class":56},[42,110762,110695],{"class":125},[42,110764,57],{"class":56},[42,110766,100694],{"class":125},[42,110768,143],{"class":56},[14,110770,110771],{},"Notes:",[167,110773,110774,110779,110784,110787],{},[170,110775,110776,110778],{},[17,110777,100685],{}," must be a set",[170,110780,110781,110783],{},[17,110782,100694],{}," can be any iterable",[170,110785,110786],{},"the result is always a set",[170,110788,110789],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110791,219],{},[33,110793,110795],{"className":35,"code":110794,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[17,110796,110797,110818,110839,110843,110862],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110798,110799,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110800,110801],{"class":114},"set1 ",[42,110803,88],{"class":87},[42,110805,10842],{"class":56},[42,110807,3320],{"class":2348},[42,110809,70],{"class":56},[42,110811,3325],{"class":2348},[42,110813,70],{"class":56},[42,110815,2781],{"class":2348},[42,110817,9659],{"class":56},[42,110819,110820,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,110821,110822],{"class":114},"set2 ",[42,110824,88],{"class":87},[42,110826,10842],{"class":56},[42,110828,2387],{"class":2348},[42,110830,70],{"class":56},[42,110832,2787],{"class":2348},[42,110834,70],{"class":56},[42,110836,4946],{"class":2348},[42,110838,9659],{"class":56},[42,110840,110841],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,110842,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,110844,110845,110847,110849,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,110846,2555],{"class":114},[42,110848,88],{"class":87},[42,110850,110851],{"class":114}," set1",[42,110853,122],{"class":56},[42,110855,110695],{"class":125},[42,110857,57],{"class":56},[42,110859,100694],{"class":125},[42,110861,143],{"class":56},[42,110863,110864,110866,110868,110870],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,110865,284],{"class":52},[42,110867,57],{"class":56},[42,110869,2592],{"class":125},[42,110871,143],{"class":56},[14,110873,2395],{},[33,110875,110877],{"className":35,"code":110876,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,110878,110879],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110880,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110882,9628],{"class":56},[42,110884,3320],{"class":2348},[42,110886,70],{"class":56},[42,110888,3325],{"class":2348},[42,110890,70],{"class":56},[42,110892,2787],{"class":2348},[42,110894,70],{"class":56},[42,110896,4946],{"class":2348},[42,110898,9659],{"class":56},[28,110900,110902],{"id":110901},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110904,110905],{},"The result includes:",[167,110907,110908,110911],{},[170,110909,110910],{},"items only in the first set",[170,110912,110913],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110915,110916,110917,11436],{},"The result does ",[177,110918,179],{},[167,110920,110921],{},[170,110922,110923],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110925,5816],{},[167,110927,110928,110933],{},[170,110929,110930,110931],{},"first set: ",[17,110932,100382],{},[170,110934,110935,110936],{},"second set: ",[17,110937,110938],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110940,4388,110941,110943],{},[17,110942,2387],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110945,110946],{},"The output is:",[33,110948,110949],{"className":35,"code":110876,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,110950,110951],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110952,110953,110955,110957,110959,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110954,9628],{"class":56},[42,110956,3320],{"class":2348},[42,110958,70],{"class":56},[42,110960,3325],{"class":2348},[42,110962,70],{"class":56},[42,110964,2787],{"class":2348},[42,110966,70],{"class":56},[42,110968,4946],{"class":2348},[42,110970,9659],{"class":56},[14,110972,110973],{},"Also remember:",[167,110975,110976,110979],{},[170,110977,110978],{},"sets are unordered",[170,110980,110981],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[28,110983,11829],{"id":11828},[14,110985,110986],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[33,110988,110990],{"className":35,"code":110989,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,110991,110992,111024,111048,111052,111070,111074],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,110993,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,110995,107125],{"class":114},[42,110997,88],{"class":87},[42,110999,10842],{"class":56},[42,111001,61],{"class":60},[42,111003,13450],{"class":64},[42,111005,61],{"class":60},[42,111007,70],{"class":56},[42,111009,73],{"class":60},[42,111011,13467],{"class":64},[42,111013,61],{"class":60},[42,111015,70],{"class":56},[42,111017,73],{"class":60},[42,111019,17814],{"class":64},[42,111021,61],{"class":60},[42,111023,9659],{"class":56},[42,111025,111026,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044,111046],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,111027,107158],{"class":114},[42,111029,88],{"class":87},[42,111031,10842],{"class":56},[42,111033,61],{"class":60},[42,111035,17814],{"class":64},[42,111037,61],{"class":60},[42,111039,70],{"class":56},[42,111041,73],{"class":60},[42,111043,22881],{"class":64},[42,111045,61],{"class":60},[42,111047,9659],{"class":56},[42,111049,111050],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,111051,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,111053,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064,111066,111068],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,111055,2555],{"class":114},[42,111057,88],{"class":87},[42,111059,107200],{"class":114},[42,111061,122],{"class":56},[42,111063,110695],{"class":125},[42,111065,57],{"class":56},[42,111067,107209],{"class":125},[42,111069,143],{"class":56},[42,111071,111072],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,111073,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,111075,111076,111078,111080,111082],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,111077,284],{"class":52},[42,111079,57],{"class":56},[42,111081,2592],{"class":125},[42,111083,143],{"class":56},[14,111085,2395],{},[33,111087,111089],{"className":35,"code":111088,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[17,111090,111091],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111092,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111094,9628],{"class":56},[42,111096,868],{"class":60},[42,111098,13450],{"class":64},[42,111100,868],{"class":60},[42,111102,70],{"class":56},[42,111104,862],{"class":60},[42,111106,13467],{"class":64},[42,111108,868],{"class":60},[42,111110,70],{"class":56},[42,111112,862],{"class":60},[42,111114,22881],{"class":64},[42,111116,868],{"class":60},[42,111118,9659],{"class":56},[14,111120,13766],{},[167,111122,111123,111128,111139],{},[170,111124,111125,111127],{},[17,111126,96593],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[170,111129,111130,1753,111132,111135,111136,111138],{},[17,111131,65756],{},[17,111133,111134],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[17,111137,107262],{},", so they stay",[170,111140,111141,111143,111144,111146],{},[17,111142,109901],{}," is only in ",[17,111145,107209],{},", so it stays",[28,111148,111150,10937,111152],{"id":111149},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[17,111151,110605],{},[17,111153,100514],{},[14,111155,111156],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,111158,111159,1935],{},[17,111160,100514],{},[167,111162,111163,111166],{},[170,111164,111165],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[170,111167,111168],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,111170,111171,1935],{},[17,111172,110605],{},[167,111174,111175,111178],{},[170,111176,111177],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[170,111179,111180],{},"removes shared items",[14,111182,219],{},[33,111184,111186],{"className":35,"code":111185,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,111187,111188,111208,111228,111232,111253],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111189,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111191,2886],{"class":114},[42,111193,88],{"class":87},[42,111195,10842],{"class":56},[42,111197,3320],{"class":2348},[42,111199,70],{"class":56},[42,111201,3325],{"class":2348},[42,111203,70],{"class":56},[42,111205,2781],{"class":2348},[42,111207,9659],{"class":56},[42,111209,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222,111224,111226],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,111211,2914],{"class":114},[42,111213,88],{"class":87},[42,111215,10842],{"class":56},[42,111217,2387],{"class":2348},[42,111219,70],{"class":56},[42,111221,2787],{"class":2348},[42,111223,70],{"class":56},[42,111225,4946],{"class":2348},[42,111227,9659],{"class":56},[42,111229,111230],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,111231,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,111233,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,111235,284],{"class":52},[42,111237,57],{"class":56},[42,111239,693],{"class":125},[42,111241,122],{"class":56},[42,111243,3144],{"class":125},[42,111245,57],{"class":56},[42,111247,5102],{"class":125},[42,111249,5705],{"class":56},[42,111251,111252],{"class":525},"            # {1, 2}\n",[42,111254,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267,111269,111271],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,111256,284],{"class":52},[42,111258,57],{"class":56},[42,111260,693],{"class":125},[42,111262,122],{"class":56},[42,111264,110695],{"class":125},[42,111266,57],{"class":56},[42,111268,5102],{"class":125},[42,111270,5705],{"class":56},[42,111272,110714],{"class":525},[14,111274,19053],{},[167,111276,111277,111284],{},[170,111278,111279,111283],{},[693,111280,111281],{"href":102940},[17,111282,100514],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[170,111285,111286,111288],{},[17,111287,110605],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[28,111290,111292,10937,111294],{"id":111291},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[17,111293,110605],{},[17,111295,102899],{},[14,111297,111298,111300],{},[17,111299,102899],{}," combines both sets.",[14,111302,111303,111305],{},[17,111304,110605],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,111307,219],{},[33,111309,111311],{"className":35,"code":111310,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,111312,111313,111333,111353,111357,111379],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111314,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111316,2886],{"class":114},[42,111318,88],{"class":87},[42,111320,10842],{"class":56},[42,111322,3320],{"class":2348},[42,111324,70],{"class":56},[42,111326,3325],{"class":2348},[42,111328,70],{"class":56},[42,111330,2781],{"class":2348},[42,111332,9659],{"class":56},[42,111334,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349,111351],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,111336,2914],{"class":114},[42,111338,88],{"class":87},[42,111340,10842],{"class":56},[42,111342,2387],{"class":2348},[42,111344,70],{"class":56},[42,111346,2787],{"class":2348},[42,111348,70],{"class":56},[42,111350,4946],{"class":2348},[42,111352,9659],{"class":56},[42,111354,111355],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,111356,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,111358,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111370,111372,111374,111376],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,111360,284],{"class":52},[42,111362,57],{"class":56},[42,111364,693],{"class":125},[42,111366,122],{"class":56},[42,111368,111369],{"class":125},"union",[42,111371,57],{"class":56},[42,111373,5102],{"class":125},[42,111375,5705],{"class":56},[42,111377,111378],{"class":525},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[42,111380,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395,111397],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,111382,284],{"class":52},[42,111384,57],{"class":56},[42,111386,693],{"class":125},[42,111388,122],{"class":56},[42,111390,110695],{"class":125},[42,111392,57],{"class":56},[42,111394,5102],{"class":125},[42,111396,5705],{"class":56},[42,111398,110714],{"class":525},[14,111400,27579],{},[167,111402,111403,111408],{},[170,111404,111405,111407],{},[17,111406,102899],{}," includes everything",[170,111409,111410,111412],{},[17,111411,110605],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,111414,19053],{},[167,111416,111417,111424],{},[170,111418,111419,111423],{},[693,111420,111421],{"href":107830},[17,111422,102899],{}," when overlap does not matter",[170,111425,111426,111428],{},[17,111427,110605],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[28,111430,36973,111432,101698],{"id":111431},"using-the-operator",[17,111433,111434],{},"^",[14,111436,111437,111438,111440,111441,122],{},"For sets, the ",[17,111439,111434],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[17,111442,110605],{},[14,111444,219],{},[33,111446,111448],{"className":35,"code":111447,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[17,111449,111450,111470,111490,111494,111512],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111451,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111453,110801],{"class":114},[42,111455,88],{"class":87},[42,111457,10842],{"class":56},[42,111459,3320],{"class":2348},[42,111461,70],{"class":56},[42,111463,3325],{"class":2348},[42,111465,70],{"class":56},[42,111467,2781],{"class":2348},[42,111469,9659],{"class":56},[42,111471,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484,111486,111488],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,111473,110822],{"class":114},[42,111475,88],{"class":87},[42,111477,10842],{"class":56},[42,111479,2387],{"class":2348},[42,111481,70],{"class":56},[42,111483,2787],{"class":2348},[42,111485,70],{"class":56},[42,111487,4946],{"class":2348},[42,111489,9659],{"class":56},[42,111491,111492],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,111493,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,111495,111496,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506,111508,111510],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,111497,284],{"class":52},[42,111499,57],{"class":56},[42,111501,100685],{"class":125},[42,111503,122],{"class":56},[42,111505,110695],{"class":125},[42,111507,57],{"class":56},[42,111509,100694],{"class":125},[42,111511,842],{"class":56},[42,111513,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522,111525],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,111515,284],{"class":52},[42,111517,57],{"class":56},[42,111519,110801],{"class":125},[42,111521,111434],{"class":87},[42,111523,111524],{"class":125}," set2",[42,111526,143],{"class":56},[14,111528,845],{},[33,111530,111532],{"className":35,"code":111531,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[17,111533,111534,111554],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111535,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111537,9628],{"class":56},[42,111539,3320],{"class":2348},[42,111541,70],{"class":56},[42,111543,3325],{"class":2348},[42,111545,70],{"class":56},[42,111547,2787],{"class":2348},[42,111549,70],{"class":56},[42,111551,4946],{"class":2348},[42,111553,9659],{"class":56},[42,111555,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,111557,9628],{"class":56},[42,111559,3320],{"class":2348},[42,111561,70],{"class":56},[42,111563,3325],{"class":2348},[42,111565,70],{"class":56},[42,111567,2787],{"class":2348},[42,111569,70],{"class":56},[42,111571,4946],{"class":2348},[42,111573,9659],{"class":56},[14,111575,111576],{},"Both forms:",[167,111578,111579,111582],{},[170,111580,111581],{},"return a new set",[170,111583,111584],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111586,111587],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[28,111589,4859],{"id":4858},[14,111591,21569,111592,1935],{},[17,111593,110605],{},[167,111595,111596,111604,111614,111629],{},[170,111597,111598,111601,111603],{},[177,111599,111600],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10197,111602],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[170,111605,111606,111609,111611,111613],{},[177,111607,111608],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10197,111610],{},[17,111612,110605],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[170,111615,111616,111621,111623,111625,111626,111628],{},[177,111617,111618,111619],{},"Confusing it with ",[17,111620,100514],{},[10197,111622],{},[17,111624,100514],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[17,111627,110605],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[170,111630,111631,111634,111636],{},[177,111632,111633],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10197,111635],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111638,59227],{},[167,111640,111641,111650,111653,111656],{},[170,111642,50854,111643,44992,111645,111649],{},[17,111644,110605],{},[693,111646,111647],{"href":107830},[17,111648,102899],{}," is actually needed",[170,111651,111652],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[170,111654,111655],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[170,111657,111658],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111660,111661,111662,122],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[693,111663,99178],{"href":105443},[14,111665,62659],{},[33,111667,111669],{"className":35,"code":111668,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[17,111670,111671,111681,111691,111709,111723,111737],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111672,111673,111675,111677,111679],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111674,284],{"class":52},[42,111676,57],{"class":56},[42,111678,100685],{"class":125},[42,111680,143],{"class":56},[42,111682,111683,111685,111687,111689],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,111684,284],{"class":52},[42,111686,57],{"class":56},[42,111688,100694],{"class":125},[42,111690,143],{"class":56},[42,111692,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,111694,284],{"class":52},[42,111696,57],{"class":56},[42,111698,100685],{"class":125},[42,111700,122],{"class":56},[42,111702,110695],{"class":125},[42,111704,57],{"class":56},[42,111706,100694],{"class":125},[42,111708,842],{"class":56},[42,111710,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,111712,284],{"class":52},[42,111714,57],{"class":56},[42,111716,110801],{"class":125},[42,111718,111434],{"class":87},[42,111720,111524],{"class":125},[42,111722,143],{"class":56},[42,111724,111725,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,111726,284],{"class":52},[42,111728,57],{"class":56},[42,111730,835],{"class":834},[42,111732,57],{"class":56},[42,111734,100685],{"class":125},[42,111736,842],{"class":56},[42,111738,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,111740,284],{"class":52},[42,111742,57],{"class":56},[42,111744,835],{"class":834},[42,111746,57],{"class":56},[42,111748,100694],{"class":125},[42,111750,842],{"class":56},[28,111752,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,111754,13060,111756,102839],{"id":111755},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[17,111757,110605],{},[14,111759,102842],{},[1073,111761,2171,111763,1753,111765,2823],{"id":111762},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[17,111764,110605],{},[17,111766,100514],{},[14,111768,111769,111771,111772,111774],{},[17,111770,100514],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[17,111773,110605],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1073,111776,28687,111778,111780],{"id":111777},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[17,111779,110605],{}," with lists?",[14,111782,111783],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111785,219],{},[33,111787,111789],{"className":35,"code":111788,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[17,111790,111791,111811,111831,111835,111862],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111792,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111794,81020],{"class":114},[42,111796,88],{"class":87},[42,111798,3957],{"class":56},[42,111800,3320],{"class":2348},[42,111802,70],{"class":56},[42,111804,3325],{"class":2348},[42,111806,70],{"class":56},[42,111808,2781],{"class":2348},[42,111810,3970],{"class":56},[42,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,111814,81041],{"class":114},[42,111816,88],{"class":87},[42,111818,3957],{"class":56},[42,111820,2387],{"class":2348},[42,111822,70],{"class":56},[42,111824,2787],{"class":2348},[42,111826,70],{"class":56},[42,111828,4946],{"class":2348},[42,111830,3970],{"class":56},[42,111832,111833],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,111834,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,111836,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,111838,2555],{"class":114},[42,111840,88],{"class":87},[42,111842,15991],{"class":834},[42,111844,57],{"class":56},[42,111846,111847],{"class":125},"list1",[42,111849,8982],{"class":56},[42,111851,110695],{"class":125},[42,111853,57],{"class":56},[42,111855,6633],{"class":834},[42,111857,57],{"class":56},[42,111859,81307],{"class":125},[42,111861,842],{"class":56},[42,111863,111864,111866,111868,111870],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,111865,284],{"class":52},[42,111867,57],{"class":56},[42,111869,2592],{"class":125},[42,111871,143],{"class":56},[14,111873,2395],{},[33,111875,111876],{"className":35,"code":110876,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,111877,111878],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,111879,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,111881,9628],{"class":56},[42,111883,3320],{"class":2348},[42,111885,70],{"class":56},[42,111887,3325],{"class":2348},[42,111889,70],{"class":56},[42,111891,2787],{"class":2348},[42,111893,70],{"class":56},[42,111895,4946],{"class":2348},[42,111897,9659],{"class":56},[1073,111899,111901],{"id":111900},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111903,111904],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[28,111906,2205],{"id":2204},[167,111908,111909,111913,111918,111924,111930],{},[170,111910,111911],{},[693,111912,96428],{"href":96427},[170,111914,111915],{},[693,111916,111917],{"href":96431},"Creating a set in Python",[170,111919,111920],{},[693,111921,96914,111922,11093],{"href":102940},[17,111923,100514],{},[170,111925,111926],{},[693,111927,96914,111928,11093],{"href":107830},[17,111929,102899],{},[170,111931,111932],{},[693,111933,100444],{"href":105443},[14,111935,111936,111937,2514,111939,17431,111941,111943],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[17,111938,100514],{},[17,111940,102899],{},[17,111942,110605],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2245,111945,57606],{},{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":111947},[111948,111949,111951,111952,111953,111954,111956,111958,111960,111961,111970],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":110720,"depth":111,"text":111950},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":110901,"depth":111,"text":110902},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":111149,"depth":111,"text":111955},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111291,"depth":111,"text":111957},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111431,"depth":111,"text":111959},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":111962},[111963,111965,111967,111969],{"id":111755,"depth":132,"text":111964},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111762,"depth":132,"text":111966},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111777,"depth":132,"text":111968},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111900,"depth":132,"text":111901},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110597,"description":111971},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111978,"title":111979,"body":111980,"description":114043,"extension":2285,"meta":114044,"navigation":2287,"path":107830,"seo":114045,"stem":114046,"__hash__":114047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111981,"toc":114002},[111982,111987,111992,111995,112008,112010,112092,112097,112102,112106,112118,112121,112125,112127,112154,112156,112167,112170,112239,112241,112247,112250,112260,112262,112351,112356,112358,112365,112368,112370,112373,112493,112495,112564,112567,112584,112589,112592,112708,112710,112739,112742,112748,112753,112757,112838,112840,112868,112873,112877,112972,112974,113015,113019,113022,113089,113091,113132,113138,113153,113160,113167,113171,113177,113263,113267,113275,113346,113351,113358,113360,113366,113368,113433,113435,113451,113456,113459,113528,113532,113535,113594,113597,113601,113654,113667,113670,113723,113727,113729,113760,113763,113768,113821,113825,113828,113849,113861,113863,113916,113918,113923,113925,113931,113934,113940,113945,113949,113952,113960,113969,113971,113999],[10,111983,3908,111985,11676],{"id":111984},"python-setunion-method",[17,111986,108143],{},[14,111988,111989,111991],{},[17,111990,108143],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111993,111994],{},"It is useful when you want:",[167,111996,111997,112000,112005],{},[170,111998,111999],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[170,112001,2886,112002,112004],{},[177,112003,100869],{}," as the result",[170,112006,112007],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[28,112009,31],{"id":30},[33,112011,112013],{"className":35,"code":112012,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,112014,112015,112035,112055,112059,112077,112087],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112016,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112018,110801],{"class":114},[42,112020,88],{"class":87},[42,112022,10842],{"class":56},[42,112024,3320],{"class":2348},[42,112026,70],{"class":56},[42,112028,3325],{"class":2348},[42,112030,70],{"class":56},[42,112032,2781],{"class":2348},[42,112034,9659],{"class":56},[42,112036,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112038,110822],{"class":114},[42,112040,88],{"class":87},[42,112042,10842],{"class":56},[42,112044,2387],{"class":2348},[42,112046,70],{"class":56},[42,112048,2787],{"class":2348},[42,112050,70],{"class":56},[42,112052,4946],{"class":2348},[42,112054,9659],{"class":56},[42,112056,112057],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,112058,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112060,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,112062,2555],{"class":114},[42,112064,88],{"class":87},[42,112066,110851],{"class":114},[42,112068,122],{"class":56},[42,112070,111369],{"class":125},[42,112072,57],{"class":56},[42,112074,100694],{"class":125},[42,112076,143],{"class":56},[42,112078,112079,112081,112083,112085],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,112080,284],{"class":52},[42,112082,57],{"class":56},[42,112084,2592],{"class":125},[42,112086,143],{"class":56},[42,112088,112089],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,112090,112091],{"class":525},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,112093,112094,112096],{},[17,112095,102899],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[28,112098,4013,112100,4016],{"id":112099},"what-setunion-does",[17,112101,108143],{},[14,112103,112104,1935],{},[17,112105,108143],{},[167,112107,112108,112111,112114,112116],{},[170,112109,112110],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[170,112112,112113],{},"keeps only unique values",[170,112115,110731],{},[170,112117,110740],{},[14,112119,112120],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,112122,96424,112123,122],{},[693,112124,96428],{"href":97599},[28,112126,312],{"id":311},[33,112128,112130],{"className":35,"code":112129,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[17,112131,112132],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112133,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112135,100685],{"class":114},[42,112137,122],{"class":56},[42,112139,111369],{"class":125},[42,112141,57],{"class":56},[42,112143,100694],{"class":125},[42,112145,70],{"class":56},[42,112147,100721],{"class":125},[42,112149,70],{"class":56},[42,112151,34814],{"class":52},[42,112153,143],{"class":56},[14,112155,13409],{},[167,112157,112158,112161,112164],{},[170,112159,112160],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[170,112162,112163],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[170,112165,112166],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,112168,112169],{},"Example with two sets:",[33,112171,112173],{"className":35,"code":112172,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112174,112175,112191,112207,112211,112229],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112176,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112178,2886],{"class":114},[42,112180,88],{"class":87},[42,112182,10842],{"class":56},[42,112184,3320],{"class":2348},[42,112186,70],{"class":56},[42,112188,3325],{"class":2348},[42,112190,9659],{"class":56},[42,112192,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112194,2914],{"class":114},[42,112196,88],{"class":87},[42,112198,10842],{"class":56},[42,112200,2381],{"class":2348},[42,112202,70],{"class":56},[42,112204,2781],{"class":2348},[42,112206,9659],{"class":56},[42,112208,112209],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,112210,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112212,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,112214,2555],{"class":114},[42,112216,88],{"class":87},[42,112218,57252],{"class":114},[42,112220,122],{"class":56},[42,112222,111369],{"class":125},[42,112224,57],{"class":56},[42,112226,5102],{"class":125},[42,112228,143],{"class":56},[42,112230,112231,112233,112235,112237],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,112232,284],{"class":52},[42,112234,57],{"class":56},[42,112236,2592],{"class":125},[42,112238,143],{"class":56},[28,112240,22328],{"id":22327},[14,112242,112243,100866,112245,122],{},[17,112244,108143],{},[177,112246,100869],{},[14,112248,112249],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[167,112251,112252,112255],{},[170,112253,112254],{},"the original set",[170,112256,112257,112258],{},"all arguments passed to ",[17,112259,102899],{},[14,112261,219],{},[33,112263,112265],{"className":35,"code":112264,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[17,112266,112267,112283,112299,112303,112321,112325,112338],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112268,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112270,2886],{"class":114},[42,112272,88],{"class":87},[42,112274,10842],{"class":56},[42,112276,3320],{"class":2348},[42,112278,70],{"class":56},[42,112280,3325],{"class":2348},[42,112282,9659],{"class":56},[42,112284,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112286,2914],{"class":114},[42,112288,88],{"class":87},[42,112290,10842],{"class":56},[42,112292,2381],{"class":2348},[42,112294,70],{"class":56},[42,112296,2781],{"class":2348},[42,112298,9659],{"class":56},[42,112300,112301],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,112302,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112304,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,112306,2555],{"class":114},[42,112308,88],{"class":87},[42,112310,57252],{"class":114},[42,112312,122],{"class":56},[42,112314,111369],{"class":125},[42,112316,57],{"class":56},[42,112318,5102],{"class":125},[42,112320,143],{"class":56},[42,112322,112323],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,112324,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112326,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,112328,284],{"class":52},[42,112330,57],{"class":56},[42,112332,2592],{"class":125},[42,112334,98],{"class":56},[42,112336,112337],{"class":525},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[42,112339,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,112341,284],{"class":52},[42,112343,57],{"class":56},[42,112345,693],{"class":125},[42,112347,98],{"class":56},[42,112349,112350],{"class":525},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,112352,2614,112353,112355],{},[17,112354,693],{}," did not change.",[14,112357,110973],{},[167,112359,112360,112362],{},[170,112361,110978],{},[170,112363,112364],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,112366,112367],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[28,112369,11829],{"id":11828},[14,112371,112372],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[33,112374,112376],{"className":35,"code":112375,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[17,112377,112378,112411,112444,112448,112468,112472,112482],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112379,112380,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112381,112382],{"class":114},"fruits1 ",[42,112384,88],{"class":87},[42,112386,10842],{"class":56},[42,112388,61],{"class":60},[42,112390,4418],{"class":64},[42,112392,61],{"class":60},[42,112394,70],{"class":56},[42,112396,73],{"class":60},[42,112398,4427],{"class":64},[42,112400,61],{"class":60},[42,112402,70],{"class":56},[42,112404,73],{"class":60},[42,112406,33581],{"class":64},[42,112408,61],{"class":60},[42,112410,9659],{"class":56},[42,112412,112413,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112414,112415],{"class":114},"fruits2 ",[42,112417,88],{"class":87},[42,112419,10842],{"class":56},[42,112421,61],{"class":60},[42,112423,4427],{"class":64},[42,112425,61],{"class":60},[42,112427,70],{"class":56},[42,112429,73],{"class":60},[42,112431,22890],{"class":64},[42,112433,61],{"class":60},[42,112435,70],{"class":56},[42,112437,73],{"class":60},[42,112439,33581],{"class":64},[42,112441,61],{"class":60},[42,112443,9659],{"class":56},[42,112445,112446],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,112447,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112449,112450,112452,112454,112457,112459,112461,112463,112466],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,112451,2555],{"class":114},[42,112453,88],{"class":87},[42,112455,112456],{"class":114}," fruits1",[42,112458,122],{"class":56},[42,112460,111369],{"class":125},[42,112462,57],{"class":56},[42,112464,112465],{"class":125},"fruits2",[42,112467,143],{"class":56},[42,112469,112470],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,112471,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112473,112474,112476,112478,112480],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,112475,284],{"class":52},[42,112477,57],{"class":56},[42,112479,2592],{"class":125},[42,112481,143],{"class":56},[42,112483,112484,112486,112488,112491],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,112485,284],{"class":52},[42,112487,57],{"class":56},[42,112489,112490],{"class":125},"fruits1",[42,112492,143],{"class":56},[14,112494,845],{},[33,112496,112498],{"className":35,"code":112497,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[17,112499,112500,112536],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112501,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112503,9628],{"class":56},[42,112505,868],{"class":60},[42,112507,4427],{"class":64},[42,112509,868],{"class":60},[42,112511,70],{"class":56},[42,112513,862],{"class":60},[42,112515,33581],{"class":64},[42,112517,868],{"class":60},[42,112519,70],{"class":56},[42,112521,862],{"class":60},[42,112523,4418],{"class":64},[42,112525,868],{"class":60},[42,112527,70],{"class":56},[42,112529,862],{"class":60},[42,112531,22890],{"class":64},[42,112533,868],{"class":60},[42,112535,9659],{"class":56},[42,112537,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112539,9628],{"class":56},[42,112541,868],{"class":60},[42,112543,4427],{"class":64},[42,112545,868],{"class":60},[42,112547,70],{"class":56},[42,112549,862],{"class":60},[42,112551,33581],{"class":64},[42,112553,868],{"class":60},[42,112555,70],{"class":56},[42,112557,862],{"class":60},[42,112559,4418],{"class":64},[42,112561,868],{"class":60},[42,112563,9659],{"class":56},[14,112565,112566],{},"What this shows:",[167,112568,112569,112576,112579],{},[170,112570,112571,1753,112573,112575],{},[17,112572,65638],{},[17,112574,66065],{}," appear in both sets",[170,112577,112578],{},"they appear only once in the result",[170,112580,112581,112583],{},[17,112582,112490],{}," stays unchanged",[28,112585,1940,112587,101258],{"id":112586},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[17,112588,102899],{},[14,112590,112591],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[33,112593,112595],{"className":35,"code":112594,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,112596,112597,112613,112629,112646,112663,112667,112694,112698],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112598,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112600,110801],{"class":114},[42,112602,88],{"class":87},[42,112604,10842],{"class":56},[42,112606,3320],{"class":2348},[42,112608,70],{"class":56},[42,112610,3325],{"class":2348},[42,112612,9659],{"class":56},[42,112614,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112616,110822],{"class":114},[42,112618,88],{"class":87},[42,112620,10842],{"class":56},[42,112622,2381],{"class":2348},[42,112624,70],{"class":56},[42,112626,2781],{"class":2348},[42,112628,9659],{"class":56},[42,112630,112631,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,112632,112633],{"class":114},"set3 ",[42,112635,88],{"class":87},[42,112637,10842],{"class":56},[42,112639,2387],{"class":2348},[42,112641,70],{"class":56},[42,112643,2787],{"class":2348},[42,112645,9659],{"class":56},[42,112647,112648,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,112649,112650],{"class":114},"set4 ",[42,112652,88],{"class":87},[42,112654,10842],{"class":56},[42,112656,2836],{"class":2348},[42,112658,70],{"class":56},[42,112660,4946],{"class":2348},[42,112662,9659],{"class":56},[42,112664,112665],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,112666,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689,112692],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,112670,2555],{"class":114},[42,112672,88],{"class":87},[42,112674,110851],{"class":114},[42,112676,122],{"class":56},[42,112678,111369],{"class":125},[42,112680,57],{"class":56},[42,112682,100694],{"class":125},[42,112684,70],{"class":56},[42,112686,100721],{"class":125},[42,112688,70],{"class":56},[42,112690,112691],{"class":125}," set4",[42,112693,143],{"class":56},[42,112695,112696],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,112697,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112699,112700,112702,112704,112706],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,112701,284],{"class":52},[42,112703,57],{"class":56},[42,112705,2592],{"class":125},[42,112707,143],{"class":56},[14,112709,845],{},[33,112711,112713],{"className":35,"code":112712,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,112714,112715],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112716,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112718,9628],{"class":56},[42,112720,3320],{"class":2348},[42,112722,70],{"class":56},[42,112724,3325],{"class":2348},[42,112726,70],{"class":56},[42,112728,2781],{"class":2348},[42,112730,70],{"class":56},[42,112732,2787],{"class":2348},[42,112734,70],{"class":56},[42,112736,4946],{"class":2348},[42,112738,9659],{"class":56},[14,112740,112741],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[28,112743,1940,112745,112747],{"id":112744},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[17,112746,102899],{}," with other iterables",[14,112749,112750,112752],{},[17,112751,102899],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1073,112754,112756],{"id":112755},"with-a-list","With a list",[33,112758,112760],{"className":35,"code":112759,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112761,112762,112782,112806,112810,112828],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112763,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112765,3952],{"class":114},[42,112767,88],{"class":87},[42,112769,10842],{"class":56},[42,112771,3320],{"class":2348},[42,112773,70],{"class":56},[42,112775,3325],{"class":2348},[42,112777,70],{"class":56},[42,112779,2781],{"class":2348},[42,112781,9659],{"class":56},[42,112783,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112785,61411],{"class":114},[42,112787,88],{"class":87},[42,112789,3957],{"class":56},[42,112791,2387],{"class":2348},[42,112793,70],{"class":56},[42,112795,2787],{"class":2348},[42,112797,70],{"class":56},[42,112799,4946],{"class":2348},[42,112801,70],{"class":56},[42,112803,4946],{"class":2348},[42,112805,3970],{"class":56},[42,112807,112808],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,112809,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112811,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,112813,2555],{"class":114},[42,112815,88],{"class":87},[42,112817,4603],{"class":114},[42,112819,122],{"class":56},[42,112821,111369],{"class":125},[42,112823,57],{"class":56},[42,112825,61440],{"class":125},[42,112827,143],{"class":56},[42,112829,112830,112832,112834,112836],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,112831,284],{"class":52},[42,112833,57],{"class":56},[42,112835,2592],{"class":125},[42,112837,143],{"class":56},[14,112839,845],{},[33,112841,112842],{"className":35,"code":112712,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,112843,112844],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112845,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112847,9628],{"class":56},[42,112849,3320],{"class":2348},[42,112851,70],{"class":56},[42,112853,3325],{"class":2348},[42,112855,70],{"class":56},[42,112857,2781],{"class":2348},[42,112859,70],{"class":56},[42,112861,2787],{"class":2348},[42,112863,70],{"class":56},[42,112865,4946],{"class":2348},[42,112867,9659],{"class":56},[14,112869,21335,112870,112872],{},[17,112871,2461],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1073,112874,112876],{"id":112875},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[33,112878,112880],{"className":35,"code":112879,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[17,112881,112882,112906,112939,112943,112962],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112883,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112885,36450],{"class":114},[42,112887,88],{"class":87},[42,112889,10842],{"class":56},[42,112891,61],{"class":60},[42,112893,693],{"class":64},[42,112895,61],{"class":60},[42,112897,70],{"class":56},[42,112899,73],{"class":60},[42,112901,5102],{"class":64},[42,112903,61],{"class":60},[42,112905,9659],{"class":56},[42,112907,112908,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,112909,112910],{"class":114},"more_letters ",[42,112912,88],{"class":87},[42,112914,9586],{"class":56},[42,112916,61],{"class":60},[42,112918,5102],{"class":64},[42,112920,61],{"class":60},[42,112922,70],{"class":56},[42,112924,73],{"class":60},[42,112926,10090],{"class":64},[42,112928,61],{"class":60},[42,112930,70],{"class":56},[42,112932,73],{"class":60},[42,112934,19126],{"class":64},[42,112936,61],{"class":60},[42,112938,143],{"class":56},[42,112940,112941],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,112942,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,112944,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953,112955,112957,112960],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,112946,2555],{"class":114},[42,112948,88],{"class":87},[42,112950,70459],{"class":114},[42,112952,122],{"class":56},[42,112954,111369],{"class":125},[42,112956,57],{"class":56},[42,112958,112959],{"class":125},"more_letters",[42,112961,143],{"class":56},[42,112963,112964,112966,112968,112970],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,112965,284],{"class":52},[42,112967,57],{"class":56},[42,112969,2592],{"class":125},[42,112971,143],{"class":56},[14,112973,845],{},[33,112975,112977],{"className":35,"code":112976,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[17,112978,112979],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,112980,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,112982,9628],{"class":56},[42,112984,868],{"class":60},[42,112986,693],{"class":64},[42,112988,868],{"class":60},[42,112990,70],{"class":56},[42,112992,862],{"class":60},[42,112994,5102],{"class":64},[42,112996,868],{"class":60},[42,112998,70],{"class":56},[42,113000,862],{"class":60},[42,113002,10090],{"class":64},[42,113004,868],{"class":60},[42,113006,70],{"class":56},[42,113008,862],{"class":60},[42,113010,19126],{"class":64},[42,113012,868],{"class":60},[42,113014,9659],{"class":56},[1073,113016,113018],{"id":113017},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,113020,113021],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[33,113023,113025],{"className":35,"code":113024,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,113026,113027,113052,113075,113079],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113028,113029,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113030,113031],{"class":114},"chars ",[42,113033,88],{"class":87},[42,113035,10842],{"class":56},[42,113037,61],{"class":60},[42,113039,693],{"class":64},[42,113041,61],{"class":60},[42,113043,70],{"class":56},[42,113045,73],{"class":60},[42,113047,5102],{"class":64},[42,113049,61],{"class":60},[42,113051,9659],{"class":56},[42,113053,113054,113056,113058,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071,113073],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113055,2555],{"class":114},[42,113057,88],{"class":87},[42,113059,113060],{"class":114}," chars",[42,113062,122],{"class":56},[42,113064,111369],{"class":125},[42,113066,57],{"class":56},[42,113068,61],{"class":60},[42,113070,37408],{"class":64},[42,113072,61],{"class":60},[42,113074,143],{"class":56},[42,113076,113077],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113078,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113080,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,113082,284],{"class":52},[42,113084,57],{"class":56},[42,113086,2592],{"class":125},[42,113088,143],{"class":56},[14,113090,845],{},[33,113092,113094],{"className":35,"code":113093,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[17,113095,113096],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113097,113098,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113099,9628],{"class":56},[42,113101,868],{"class":60},[42,113103,693],{"class":64},[42,113105,868],{"class":60},[42,113107,70],{"class":56},[42,113109,862],{"class":60},[42,113111,5102],{"class":64},[42,113113,868],{"class":60},[42,113115,70],{"class":56},[42,113117,862],{"class":60},[42,113119,10090],{"class":64},[42,113121,868],{"class":60},[42,113123,70],{"class":56},[42,113125,862],{"class":60},[42,113127,63651],{"class":64},[42,113129,868],{"class":60},[42,113131,9659],{"class":56},[14,113133,22546,113134,113137],{},[17,113135,113136],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[167,113139,113140,113144,113148],{},[170,113141,113142],{},[17,113143,66845],{},[170,113145,113146],{},[17,113147,493],{},[170,113149,113150],{},[17,113151,113152],{},"\"t\"",[28,113154,113156,10937,113158],{"id":113155},"union-vs-update",[17,113157,102899],{},[17,113159,15311],{},[14,113161,113162,1753,113164,113166],{},[17,113163,102899],{},[17,113165,15311],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1073,113168,113169],{"id":111369},[17,113170,102899],{},[167,113172,113173,113175],{},[170,113174,110731],{},[170,113176,110740],{},[33,113178,113179],{"className":35,"code":112264,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,113180,113181,113197,113213,113217,113235,113239,113251],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113182,113183,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113184,2886],{"class":114},[42,113186,88],{"class":87},[42,113188,10842],{"class":56},[42,113190,3320],{"class":2348},[42,113192,70],{"class":56},[42,113194,3325],{"class":2348},[42,113196,9659],{"class":56},[42,113198,113199,113201,113203,113205,113207,113209,113211],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113200,2914],{"class":114},[42,113202,88],{"class":87},[42,113204,10842],{"class":56},[42,113206,2381],{"class":2348},[42,113208,70],{"class":56},[42,113210,2781],{"class":2348},[42,113212,9659],{"class":56},[42,113214,113215],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113216,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113218,113219,113221,113223,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,113220,2555],{"class":114},[42,113222,88],{"class":87},[42,113224,57252],{"class":114},[42,113226,122],{"class":56},[42,113228,111369],{"class":125},[42,113230,57],{"class":56},[42,113232,5102],{"class":125},[42,113234,143],{"class":56},[42,113236,113237],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,113238,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113240,113241,113243,113245,113247,113249],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,113242,284],{"class":52},[42,113244,57],{"class":56},[42,113246,2592],{"class":125},[42,113248,98],{"class":56},[42,113250,112337],{"class":525},[42,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,113254,284],{"class":52},[42,113256,57],{"class":56},[42,113258,693],{"class":125},[42,113260,98],{"class":56},[42,113262,112350],{"class":525},[1073,113264,113265],{"id":30823},[17,113266,15311],{},[167,113268,113269,113272],{},[170,113270,113271],{},"changes the existing set in place",[170,113273,113274],{},"does not create a separate result set",[33,113276,113278],{"className":35,"code":113277,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,113279,113280,113296,113312,113316,113330,113334],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113281,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113283,2886],{"class":114},[42,113285,88],{"class":87},[42,113287,10842],{"class":56},[42,113289,3320],{"class":2348},[42,113291,70],{"class":56},[42,113293,3325],{"class":2348},[42,113295,9659],{"class":56},[42,113297,113298,113300,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113299,2914],{"class":114},[42,113301,88],{"class":87},[42,113303,10842],{"class":56},[42,113305,2381],{"class":2348},[42,113307,70],{"class":56},[42,113309,2781],{"class":2348},[42,113311,9659],{"class":56},[42,113313,113314],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113315,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113317,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,113319,693],{"class":114},[42,113321,122],{"class":56},[42,113323,30823],{"class":125},[42,113325,57],{"class":56},[42,113327,5102],{"class":125},[42,113329,143],{"class":56},[42,113331,113332],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,113333,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113335,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,113337,284],{"class":52},[42,113339,57],{"class":56},[42,113341,693],{"class":125},[42,113343,98],{"class":56},[42,113345,112337],{"class":525},[14,113347,146,113348,113350],{},[17,113349,102899],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,113352,113353,113354,122],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[693,113355,3908,113356,11093],{"href":98619},[17,113357,97414],{},[28,113359,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,113361,8803,113363,113365],{"id":113362},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[17,113364,102899],{}," to change the original set",[14,113367,82189],{},[33,113369,113371],{"className":35,"code":113370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,113372,113373,113389,113405,113409,113423],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113374,113375,113377,113379,113381,113383,113385,113387],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113376,2886],{"class":114},[42,113378,88],{"class":87},[42,113380,10842],{"class":56},[42,113382,3320],{"class":2348},[42,113384,70],{"class":56},[42,113386,3325],{"class":2348},[42,113388,9659],{"class":56},[42,113390,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113392,2914],{"class":114},[42,113394,88],{"class":87},[42,113396,10842],{"class":56},[42,113398,2381],{"class":2348},[42,113400,70],{"class":56},[42,113402,2781],{"class":2348},[42,113404,9659],{"class":56},[42,113406,113407],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113408,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113410,113411,113413,113415,113417,113419,113421],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,113412,693],{"class":114},[42,113414,122],{"class":56},[42,113416,111369],{"class":125},[42,113418,57],{"class":56},[42,113420,5102],{"class":125},[42,113422,143],{"class":56},[42,113424,113425,113427,113429,113431],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,113426,284],{"class":52},[42,113428,57],{"class":56},[42,113430,693],{"class":125},[42,113432,143],{"class":56},[14,113434,2395],{},[33,113436,113437],{"className":35,"code":100607,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,113438,113439],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113440,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113442,9628],{"class":56},[42,113444,3320],{"class":2348},[42,113446,70],{"class":56},[42,113448,3325],{"class":2348},[42,113450,9659],{"class":56},[14,113452,8846,113453,113455],{},[17,113454,102899],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,113457,113458],{},"Fix it like this:",[33,113460,113462],{"className":35,"code":113461,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[17,113463,113464,113480,113496,113500,113518],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113465,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113467,2886],{"class":114},[42,113469,88],{"class":87},[42,113471,10842],{"class":56},[42,113473,3320],{"class":2348},[42,113475,70],{"class":56},[42,113477,3325],{"class":2348},[42,113479,9659],{"class":56},[42,113481,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113483,2914],{"class":114},[42,113485,88],{"class":87},[42,113487,10842],{"class":56},[42,113489,2381],{"class":2348},[42,113491,70],{"class":56},[42,113493,2781],{"class":2348},[42,113495,9659],{"class":56},[42,113497,113498],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113499,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113501,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,113503,2886],{"class":114},[42,113505,88],{"class":87},[42,113507,57252],{"class":114},[42,113509,122],{"class":56},[42,113511,111369],{"class":125},[42,113513,57],{"class":56},[42,113515,5102],{"class":125},[42,113517,143],{"class":56},[42,113519,113520,113522,113524,113526],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,113521,284],{"class":52},[42,113523,57],{"class":56},[42,113525,693],{"class":125},[42,113527,143],{"class":56},[1073,113529,113531],{"id":113530},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113533,113534],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[33,113536,113538],{"className":35,"code":113537,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[17,113539,113540,113556,113572,113576],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113541,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552,113554],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113543,2886],{"class":114},[42,113545,88],{"class":87},[42,113547,10842],{"class":56},[42,113549,2387],{"class":2348},[42,113551,70],{"class":56},[42,113553,5842],{"class":2348},[42,113555,9659],{"class":56},[42,113557,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113559,2914],{"class":114},[42,113561,88],{"class":87},[42,113563,10842],{"class":56},[42,113565,2381],{"class":2348},[42,113567,70],{"class":56},[42,113569,2787],{"class":2348},[42,113571,9659],{"class":56},[42,113573,113574],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113575,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,113577,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,113579,284],{"class":52},[42,113581,57],{"class":56},[42,113583,693],{"class":125},[42,113585,122],{"class":56},[42,113587,111369],{"class":125},[42,113589,57],{"class":56},[42,113591,5102],{"class":125},[42,113593,842],{"class":56},[14,113595,113596],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1073,113598,113600],{"id":113599},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[33,113602,113604],{"className":35,"code":113603,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,113605,113606,113622,113644],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113607,113608,113610,113612,113614,113616,113618,113620],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113609,4409],{"class":114},[42,113611,88],{"class":87},[42,113613,10842],{"class":56},[42,113615,61],{"class":60},[42,113617,58492],{"class":64},[42,113619,61],{"class":60},[42,113621,9659],{"class":56},[42,113623,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113625,2555],{"class":114},[42,113627,88],{"class":87},[42,113629,6514],{"class":114},[42,113631,122],{"class":56},[42,113633,111369],{"class":125},[42,113635,57],{"class":56},[42,113637,61],{"class":60},[42,113639,37408],{"class":64},[42,113641,61],{"class":60},[42,113643,143],{"class":56},[42,113645,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113647,284],{"class":52},[42,113649,57],{"class":56},[42,113651,2592],{"class":125},[42,113653,143],{"class":56},[14,113655,113656,113657,2514,113659,17431,113661,113663,113664,113666],{},"This adds ",[17,113658,66845],{},[17,113660,493],{},[17,113662,113152],{}," as separate items, not ",[17,113665,113136],{}," as one item.",[14,113668,113669],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[33,113671,113673],{"className":35,"code":113672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[17,113674,113675,113691,113713],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113676,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113678,4409],{"class":114},[42,113680,88],{"class":87},[42,113682,10842],{"class":56},[42,113684,61],{"class":60},[42,113686,58492],{"class":64},[42,113688,61],{"class":60},[42,113690,9659],{"class":56},[42,113692,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113694,2555],{"class":114},[42,113696,88],{"class":87},[42,113698,6514],{"class":114},[42,113700,122],{"class":56},[42,113702,111369],{"class":125},[42,113704,3317],{"class":56},[42,113706,61],{"class":60},[42,113708,37408],{"class":64},[42,113710,61],{"class":60},[42,113712,4226],{"class":56},[42,113714,113715,113717,113719,113721],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113716,284],{"class":52},[42,113718,57],{"class":56},[42,113720,2592],{"class":125},[42,113722,143],{"class":56},[1073,113724,113726],{"id":113725},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113728,3168],{},[33,113730,113732],{"className":35,"code":113731,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[17,113733,113734],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113735,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113737,15986],{"class":114},[42,113739,88],{"class":87},[42,113741,10842],{"class":56},[42,113743,3320],{"class":2348},[42,113745,70],{"class":56},[42,113747,3325],{"class":2348},[42,113749,70],{"class":56},[42,113751,3957],{"class":56},[42,113753,2387],{"class":2348},[42,113755,70],{"class":56},[42,113757,2787],{"class":2348},[42,113759,14063],{"class":56},[14,113761,113762],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113764,113765,113766,1935],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[17,113767,102899],{},[33,113769,113771],{"className":35,"code":113770,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[17,113772,113773,113789,113811],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113774,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113776,15986],{"class":114},[42,113778,88],{"class":87},[42,113780,10842],{"class":56},[42,113782,3320],{"class":2348},[42,113784,70],{"class":56},[42,113786,3325],{"class":2348},[42,113788,9659],{"class":56},[42,113790,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805,113807,113809],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113792,2555],{"class":114},[42,113794,88],{"class":87},[42,113796,97024],{"class":114},[42,113798,122],{"class":56},[42,113800,111369],{"class":125},[42,113802,3317],{"class":56},[42,113804,2387],{"class":2348},[42,113806,70],{"class":56},[42,113808,2787],{"class":2348},[42,113810,4226],{"class":56},[42,113812,113813,113815,113817,113819],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113814,284],{"class":52},[42,113816,57],{"class":56},[42,113818,2592],{"class":125},[42,113820,143],{"class":56},[28,113822,113824],{"id":113823},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113826,113827],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[167,113829,113830,113836,113843,113846],{},[170,113831,113832,113833,113835],{},"call ",[17,113834,102899],{}," without saving the returned set",[170,113837,113838,113839,9054,113841],{},"confuse ",[17,113840,102899],{},[17,113842,15311],{},[170,113844,113845],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[170,113847,113848],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113850,113851,113852,1753,113856,122],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[693,113853,3908,113854,11093],{"href":102888},[17,113855,106673],{},[693,113857,3908,113859,11093],{"href":113858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[17,113860,100519],{},[14,113862,62659],{},[33,113864,113866],{"className":35,"code":113865,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[17,113867,113868,113878,113892,113902],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,113869,113870,113872,113874,113876],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,113871,284],{"class":52},[42,113873,57],{"class":56},[42,113875,16024],{"class":125},[42,113877,143],{"class":56},[42,113879,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,113881,284],{"class":52},[42,113883,57],{"class":56},[42,113885,835],{"class":834},[42,113887,57],{"class":56},[42,113889,16024],{"class":125},[42,113891,842],{"class":56},[42,113893,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,113895,284],{"class":52},[42,113897,57],{"class":56},[42,113899,2592],{"class":125},[42,113901,143],{"class":56},[42,113903,113904,113906,113908,113910,113912,113914],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,113905,32512],{"class":52},[42,113907,57],{"class":56},[42,113909,6633],{"class":834},[42,113911,122],{"class":56},[42,113913,111369],{"class":2022},[42,113915,143],{"class":56},[28,113917,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,113919,13060,113921,102839],{"id":113920},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[17,113922,108143],{},[14,113924,102842],{},[1073,113926,5513,113928,113930],{"id":113927},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[17,113929,102899],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113932,113933],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1073,113935,28687,113937,113939],{"id":113936},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[17,113938,102899],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113941,42515,113942,113944],{},[17,113943,102899],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1073,113946,113948],{"id":113947},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113950,113951],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1073,113953,2171,113955,1753,113957,2823],{"id":113954},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[17,113956,102899],{},[17,113958,113959],{},"|",[14,113961,113962,113963,113965,113966,113968],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[17,113964,113959],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[17,113967,102899],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[28,113970,2205],{"id":2204},[167,113972,113973,113977,113983,113989,113995],{},[170,113974,113975],{},[693,113976,96428],{"href":97599},[170,113978,113979],{},[693,113980,3908,113981,11093],{"href":98619},[17,113982,97414],{},[170,113984,113985],{},[693,113986,3908,113987,11093],{"href":102888},[17,113988,106673],{},[170,113990,113991],{},[693,113992,3908,113993,11093],{"href":113858},[17,113994,100519],{},[170,113996,113997],{},[693,113998,100444],{"href":99177},[2245,114000,114001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":114003},[114004,114005,114007,114008,114009,114010,114012,114018,114023,114030,114031,114042],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":112099,"depth":111,"text":114006},"What set.union() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":22327,"depth":111,"text":22328},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":112586,"depth":111,"text":114011},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112744,"depth":111,"text":114013,"children":114014},"Using union() with other iterables",[114015,114016,114017],{"id":112755,"depth":132,"text":112756},{"id":112875,"depth":132,"text":112876},{"id":113017,"depth":132,"text":113018},{"id":113155,"depth":111,"text":114019,"children":114020},"union() vs update()",[114021,114022],{"id":111369,"depth":132,"text":102899},{"id":30823,"depth":132,"text":15311},{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":114024},[114025,114027,114028,114029],{"id":113362,"depth":132,"text":114026},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113530,"depth":132,"text":113531},{"id":113599,"depth":132,"text":113600},{"id":113725,"depth":132,"text":113726},{"id":113823,"depth":111,"text":113824},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":114032},[114033,114035,114037,114039,114040],{"id":113920,"depth":132,"text":114034},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113927,"depth":132,"text":114036},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113936,"depth":132,"text":114038},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113947,"depth":132,"text":113948},{"id":113954,"depth":132,"text":114041},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111979,"description":114043},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114049,"title":114050,"body":114051,"description":115940,"extension":2285,"meta":115941,"navigation":2287,"path":96913,"seo":115942,"stem":115943,"__hash__":115944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114052,"toc":115906},[114053,114058,114063,114071,114073,114131,114136,114141,114145,114157,114160,114234,114239,114241,114243,114262,114264,114281,114284,114311,114313,114383,114387,114389,114395,114397,114458,114463,114465,114522,114526,114531,114596,114598,114618,114625,114629,114634,114719,114722,114729,114832,114836,114841,114899,114902,114913,114927,114934,114992,114999,115002,115012,115016,115074,115078,115144,115147,115205,115212,115219,115222,115226,115235,115304,115308,115314,115402,115412,115416,115420,115424,115427,115488,115493,115550,115554,115556,115591,115598,115600,115654,115661,115665,115668,115733,115742,115748,115805,115807,115812,115816,115820,115823,115830,115838,115842,115847,115851,115857,115859,115894,115903],[10,114054,96300,114056,11676],{"id":114055},"python-set-update-method",[17,114057,15311],{},[14,114059,114060,114062],{},[17,114061,97414],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,114064,114065,114066,114070],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[693,114067,114068],{"href":98600},[17,114069,96308],{},", which adds only one item.",[28,114072,3942],{"id":3941},[33,114074,114076],{"className":35,"code":114075,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,114077,114078,114094,114116,114126],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114079,114080,114082,114084,114086,114088,114090,114092],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114081,3952],{"class":114},[42,114083,88],{"class":87},[42,114085,10842],{"class":56},[42,114087,3320],{"class":2348},[42,114089,70],{"class":56},[42,114091,3325],{"class":2348},[42,114093,9659],{"class":56},[42,114095,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114097,3984],{"class":114},[42,114099,122],{"class":56},[42,114101,30823],{"class":125},[42,114103,3317],{"class":56},[42,114105,2381],{"class":2348},[42,114107,70],{"class":56},[42,114109,2781],{"class":2348},[42,114111,70],{"class":56},[42,114113,2787],{"class":2348},[42,114115,4226],{"class":56},[42,114117,114118,114120,114122,114124],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114119,284],{"class":52},[42,114121,57],{"class":56},[42,114123,3984],{"class":125},[42,114125,143],{"class":56},[42,114127,114128],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114129,114130],{"class":525},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,114132,146,114133,114135],{},[17,114134,15311],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[28,114137,4013,114139,4016],{"id":114138},"what-setupdate-does",[17,114140,97414],{},[14,114142,114143,1935],{},[17,114144,97414],{},[167,114146,114147,114150,114152,114155],{},[170,114148,114149],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[170,114151,96415],{},[170,114153,114154],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[170,114156,96418],{},[14,114158,114159],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[33,114161,114163],{"className":35,"code":114162,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[17,114164,114165,114189,114215,114219,114229],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114166,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185,114187],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114168,13433],{"class":114},[42,114170,88],{"class":87},[42,114172,10842],{"class":56},[42,114174,61],{"class":60},[42,114176,13450],{"class":64},[42,114178,61],{"class":60},[42,114180,70],{"class":56},[42,114182,73],{"class":60},[42,114184,13467],{"class":64},[42,114186,61],{"class":60},[42,114188,9659],{"class":56},[42,114190,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114192,17861],{"class":114},[42,114194,122],{"class":56},[42,114196,30823],{"class":125},[42,114198,3317],{"class":56},[42,114200,61],{"class":60},[42,114202,13467],{"class":64},[42,114204,61],{"class":60},[42,114206,70],{"class":56},[42,114208,73],{"class":60},[42,114210,17814],{"class":64},[42,114212,61],{"class":60},[42,114214,4226],{"class":56},[42,114216,114217],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114218,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114220,114221,114223,114225,114227],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114222,284],{"class":52},[42,114224,57],{"class":56},[42,114226,17861],{"class":125},[42,114228,143],{"class":56},[42,114230,114231],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114232,114233],{"class":525},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,114235,21335,114236,114238],{},[17,114237,111134],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[28,114240,312],{"id":311},[14,114242,7565],{},[33,114244,114246],{"className":35,"code":114245,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[17,114247,114248],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114249,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114251,16024],{"class":114},[42,114253,122],{"class":56},[42,114255,30823],{"class":125},[42,114257,57],{"class":56},[42,114259,4057],{"class":125},[42,114261,143],{"class":56},[14,114263,80565],{},[167,114265,114266,114269,114272,114275,114278],{},[170,114267,114268],{},"A list",[170,114270,114271],{},"A tuple",[170,114273,114274],{},"Another set",[170,114276,114277],{},"A string",[170,114279,114280],{},"Any other iterable",[14,114282,114283],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[33,114285,114287],{"className":35,"code":114286,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[17,114288,114289],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114290,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114292,16024],{"class":114},[42,114294,122],{"class":56},[42,114296,30823],{"class":125},[42,114298,57],{"class":56},[42,114300,693],{"class":125},[42,114302,70],{"class":56},[42,114304,2891],{"class":125},[42,114306,70],{"class":56},[42,114308,10032],{"class":125},[42,114310,143],{"class":56},[14,114312,219],{},[33,114314,114316],{"className":35,"code":114315,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[17,114317,114318,114330,114364,114368,114378],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114319,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114321,4160],{"class":114},[42,114323,88],{"class":87},[42,114325,10842],{"class":56},[42,114327,3320],{"class":2348},[42,114329,9659],{"class":56},[42,114331,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352,114354,114356,114358,114360,114362],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114333,5702],{"class":114},[42,114335,122],{"class":56},[42,114337,30823],{"class":125},[42,114339,3317],{"class":56},[42,114341,2381],{"class":2348},[42,114343,70],{"class":56},[42,114345,2781],{"class":2348},[42,114347,18421],{"class":56},[42,114349,9586],{"class":56},[42,114351,2836],{"class":2348},[42,114353,70],{"class":56},[42,114355,4946],{"class":2348},[42,114357,9583],{"class":56},[42,114359,10842],{"class":56},[42,114361,80956],{"class":2348},[42,114363,30855],{"class":56},[42,114365,114366],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114367,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114369,114370,114372,114374,114376],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114371,284],{"class":52},[42,114373,57],{"class":56},[42,114375,5702],{"class":125},[42,114377,143],{"class":56},[42,114379,114380],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114381,114382],{"class":525},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,114384,96424,114385,122],{},[693,114386,96432],{"href":97983},[28,114388,22328],{"id":22327},[14,114390,114391,2726,114393,122],{},[17,114392,97414],{},[17,114394,4115],{},[14,114396,12069],{},[33,114398,114400],{"className":35,"code":114399,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,114401,114402,114418,114440,114444,114454],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114403,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414,114416],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114405,3952],{"class":114},[42,114407,88],{"class":87},[42,114409,10842],{"class":56},[42,114411,3320],{"class":2348},[42,114413,70],{"class":56},[42,114415,3325],{"class":2348},[42,114417,9659],{"class":56},[42,114419,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114421,2555],{"class":114},[42,114423,88],{"class":87},[42,114425,4603],{"class":114},[42,114427,122],{"class":56},[42,114429,30823],{"class":125},[42,114431,3317],{"class":56},[42,114433,2387],{"class":2348},[42,114435,70],{"class":56},[42,114437,2787],{"class":2348},[42,114439,4226],{"class":56},[42,114441,114442],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114443,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114445,114446,114448,114450,114452],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114447,284],{"class":52},[42,114449,57],{"class":56},[42,114451,2592],{"class":125},[42,114453,143],{"class":56},[42,114455,114456],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114457,62195],{"class":525},[14,114459,114460,114461,122],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[17,114462,2592],{},[14,114464,19327],{},[33,114466,114468],{"className":35,"code":114467,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,114469,114470,114486,114504,114508,114518],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114471,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114473,3952],{"class":114},[42,114475,88],{"class":87},[42,114477,10842],{"class":56},[42,114479,3320],{"class":2348},[42,114481,70],{"class":56},[42,114483,3325],{"class":2348},[42,114485,9659],{"class":56},[42,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114489,3984],{"class":114},[42,114491,122],{"class":56},[42,114493,30823],{"class":125},[42,114495,3317],{"class":56},[42,114497,2387],{"class":2348},[42,114499,70],{"class":56},[42,114501,2787],{"class":2348},[42,114503,4226],{"class":56},[42,114505,114506],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114507,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114509,114510,114512,114514,114516],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114511,284],{"class":52},[42,114513,57],{"class":56},[42,114515,3984],{"class":125},[42,114517,143],{"class":56},[42,114519,114520],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114521,114130],{"class":525},[28,114523,114525],{"id":114524},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114527,114528,114529,122],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[17,114530,15311],{},[33,114532,114534],{"className":35,"code":114533,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,114535,114536,114552,114578,114582,114592],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114537,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114539,3952],{"class":114},[42,114541,88],{"class":87},[42,114543,10842],{"class":56},[42,114545,3320],{"class":2348},[42,114547,70],{"class":56},[42,114549,3325],{"class":2348},[42,114551,9659],{"class":56},[42,114553,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572,114574,114576],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114555,3984],{"class":114},[42,114557,122],{"class":56},[42,114559,30823],{"class":125},[42,114561,3317],{"class":56},[42,114563,2381],{"class":2348},[42,114565,70],{"class":56},[42,114567,2781],{"class":2348},[42,114569,70],{"class":56},[42,114571,2787],{"class":2348},[42,114573,70],{"class":56},[42,114575,2787],{"class":2348},[42,114577,4226],{"class":56},[42,114579,114580],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114581,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114583,114584,114586,114588,114590],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114585,284],{"class":52},[42,114587,57],{"class":56},[42,114589,3984],{"class":125},[42,114591,143],{"class":56},[42,114593,114594],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114595,114130],{"class":525},[14,114597,12038],{},[167,114599,114600,114605,114612],{},[170,114601,114602,114604],{},[17,114603,2381],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[170,114606,114607,1753,114609,114611],{},[17,114608,2387],{},[17,114610,2836],{}," are added",[170,114613,114614,114615,114617],{},"The second ",[17,114616,2836],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114619,114620,114621,114624],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[693,114622,114623],{"href":99177},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[28,114626,114628],{"id":114627},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114630,8111,114631,114633],{},[17,114632,15311],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[33,114635,114637],{"className":35,"code":114636,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[17,114638,114639,114660,114681,114685,114701,114705,114715],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114640,114641,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114642,114643],{"class":114},"set_a ",[42,114645,88],{"class":87},[42,114647,10842],{"class":56},[42,114649,3320],{"class":2348},[42,114651,70],{"class":56},[42,114653,3325],{"class":2348},[42,114655,70],{"class":56},[42,114657,2781],{"class":2348},[42,114659,9659],{"class":56},[42,114661,114662,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114663,114664],{"class":114},"set_b ",[42,114666,88],{"class":87},[42,114668,10842],{"class":56},[42,114670,2387],{"class":2348},[42,114672,70],{"class":56},[42,114674,2787],{"class":2348},[42,114676,70],{"class":56},[42,114678,4946],{"class":2348},[42,114680,9659],{"class":56},[42,114682,114683],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114684,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114686,114687,114690,114692,114694,114696,114699],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114688,114689],{"class":114},"set_a",[42,114691,122],{"class":56},[42,114693,30823],{"class":125},[42,114695,57],{"class":56},[42,114697,114698],{"class":125},"set_b",[42,114700,143],{"class":56},[42,114702,114703],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114704,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114706,114707,114709,114711,114713],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,114708,284],{"class":52},[42,114710,57],{"class":56},[42,114712,114689],{"class":125},[42,114714,143],{"class":56},[42,114716,114717],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,114718,112091],{"class":525},[14,114720,114721],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114723,114724,114725,122],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[693,114726,114727],{"href":102896},[17,114728,108143],{},[33,114730,114732],{"className":35,"code":114731,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,114733,114734,114754,114774,114778,114798,114802,114813,114817,114827],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114735,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746,114748,114750,114752],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114737,114643],{"class":114},[42,114739,88],{"class":87},[42,114741,10842],{"class":56},[42,114743,3320],{"class":2348},[42,114745,70],{"class":56},[42,114747,3325],{"class":2348},[42,114749,70],{"class":56},[42,114751,2781],{"class":2348},[42,114753,9659],{"class":56},[42,114755,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114757,114664],{"class":114},[42,114759,88],{"class":87},[42,114761,10842],{"class":56},[42,114763,2387],{"class":2348},[42,114765,70],{"class":56},[42,114767,2787],{"class":2348},[42,114769,70],{"class":56},[42,114771,4946],{"class":2348},[42,114773,9659],{"class":56},[42,114775,114776],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114777,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114779,114780,114783,114785,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114781,114782],{"class":114},"combined ",[42,114784,88],{"class":87},[42,114786,114787],{"class":114}," set_a",[42,114789,122],{"class":56},[42,114791,111369],{"class":125},[42,114793,57],{"class":56},[42,114795,114698],{"class":125},[42,114797,143],{"class":56},[42,114799,114800],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114801,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114803,114804,114806,114808,114811],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,114805,284],{"class":52},[42,114807,57],{"class":56},[42,114809,114810],{"class":125},"combined",[42,114812,143],{"class":56},[42,114814,114815],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,114816,112091],{"class":525},[42,114818,114819,114821,114823,114825],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,114820,284],{"class":52},[42,114822,57],{"class":56},[42,114824,114689],{"class":125},[42,114826,143],{"class":56},[42,114828,114829],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,114830,114831],{"class":525},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[28,114833,114835],{"id":114834},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114837,65104,114838,114840],{},[17,114839,15311],{}," adds each character separately.",[33,114842,114844],{"className":35,"code":114843,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[17,114845,114846,114862,114880,114884,114894],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114847,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114849,36450],{"class":114},[42,114851,88],{"class":87},[42,114853,10842],{"class":56},[42,114855,61],{"class":60},[42,114857,2498],{"class":64},[42,114859,61],{"class":60},[42,114861,9659],{"class":56},[42,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114865,36503],{"class":114},[42,114867,122],{"class":56},[42,114869,30823],{"class":125},[42,114871,57],{"class":56},[42,114873,61],{"class":60},[42,114875,37408],{"class":64},[42,114877,61],{"class":60},[42,114879,143],{"class":56},[42,114881,114882],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114883,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114885,114886,114888,114890,114892],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114887,284],{"class":52},[42,114889,57],{"class":56},[42,114891,36503],{"class":125},[42,114893,143],{"class":56},[42,114895,114896],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114897,114898],{"class":525},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114900,114901],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114903,114904,1518,114907,114909,114910,114912],{},[17,114905,114906],{},"update(\"cat\")",[177,114908,179],{}," add ",[17,114911,113136],{}," as one item. It adds:",[167,114914,114915,114919,114923],{},[170,114916,114917],{},[17,114918,66845],{},[170,114920,114921],{},[17,114922,493],{},[170,114924,114925],{},[17,114926,113152],{},[14,114928,114929,114930,1935],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[693,114931,114932],{"href":98600},[17,114933,96308],{},[33,114935,114937],{"className":35,"code":114936,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[17,114938,114939,114955,114973,114977,114987],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,114940,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,114942,4409],{"class":114},[42,114944,88],{"class":87},[42,114946,10842],{"class":56},[42,114948,61],{"class":60},[42,114950,58492],{"class":64},[42,114952,61],{"class":60},[42,114954,9659],{"class":56},[42,114956,114957,114959,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,114958,4453],{"class":114},[42,114960,122],{"class":56},[42,114962,82468],{"class":125},[42,114964,57],{"class":56},[42,114966,61],{"class":60},[42,114968,37408],{"class":64},[42,114970,61],{"class":60},[42,114972,143],{"class":56},[42,114974,114975],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,114976,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,114978,114979,114981,114983,114985],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,114980,284],{"class":52},[42,114982,57],{"class":56},[42,114984,4453],{"class":125},[42,114986,143],{"class":56},[42,114988,114989],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,114990,114991],{"class":525},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[28,114993,114995,10937,114997],{"id":114994},"update-vs-add",[17,114996,15311],{},[17,114998,96303],{},[14,115000,115001],{},"The difference is simple:",[167,115003,115004,115008],{},[170,115005,115006,96902],{},[17,115007,96303],{},[170,115009,115010,96907],{},[17,115011,15311],{},[14,115013,46403,115014,1935],{},[17,115015,96303],{},[33,115017,115019],{"className":35,"code":115018,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[17,115020,115021,115037,115055,115059,115069],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115022,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115024,36599],{"class":114},[42,115026,88],{"class":87},[42,115028,10842],{"class":56},[42,115030,61],{"class":60},[42,115032,4418],{"class":64},[42,115034,61],{"class":60},[42,115036,9659],{"class":56},[42,115038,115039,115041,115043,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115040,36651],{"class":114},[42,115042,122],{"class":56},[42,115044,82468],{"class":125},[42,115046,57],{"class":56},[42,115048,61],{"class":60},[42,115050,4427],{"class":64},[42,115052,61],{"class":60},[42,115054,143],{"class":56},[42,115056,115057],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115058,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115060,115061,115063,115065,115067],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115062,284],{"class":52},[42,115064,57],{"class":56},[42,115066,36651],{"class":125},[42,115068,143],{"class":56},[42,115070,115071],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115072,115073],{"class":525},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,115075,46403,115076,1935],{},[17,115077,15311],{},[33,115079,115081],{"className":35,"code":115080,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[17,115082,115083,115099,115125,115129,115139],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115084,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093,115095,115097],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115086,36599],{"class":114},[42,115088,88],{"class":87},[42,115090,10842],{"class":56},[42,115092,61],{"class":60},[42,115094,4418],{"class":64},[42,115096,61],{"class":60},[42,115098,9659],{"class":56},[42,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115102,36651],{"class":114},[42,115104,122],{"class":56},[42,115106,30823],{"class":125},[42,115108,3317],{"class":56},[42,115110,61],{"class":60},[42,115112,4427],{"class":64},[42,115114,61],{"class":60},[42,115116,70],{"class":56},[42,115118,73],{"class":60},[42,115120,33581],{"class":64},[42,115122,61],{"class":60},[42,115124,4226],{"class":56},[42,115126,115127],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115128,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115130,115131,115133,115135,115137],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115132,284],{"class":52},[42,115134,57],{"class":56},[42,115136,36651],{"class":125},[42,115138,143],{"class":56},[42,115140,115141],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115142,115143],{"class":525},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,115145,115146],{},"Important warning with strings:",[33,115148,115150],{"className":35,"code":115149,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[17,115151,115152,115168,115186,115190,115200],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115153,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115155,36599],{"class":114},[42,115157,88],{"class":87},[42,115159,10842],{"class":56},[42,115161,61],{"class":60},[42,115163,4418],{"class":64},[42,115165,61],{"class":60},[42,115167,9659],{"class":56},[42,115169,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180,115182,115184],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115171,36651],{"class":114},[42,115173,122],{"class":56},[42,115175,30823],{"class":125},[42,115177,57],{"class":56},[42,115179,61],{"class":60},[42,115181,38703],{"class":64},[42,115183,61],{"class":60},[42,115185,143],{"class":56},[42,115187,115188],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115189,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115191,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115193,284],{"class":52},[42,115195,57],{"class":56},[42,115197,36651],{"class":125},[42,115199,143],{"class":56},[42,115201,115202],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115203,115204],{"class":525},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,115206,62470,115207,62543,115210,6978],{},[17,115208,115209],{},"\"kiwi\"",[17,115211,96303],{},[28,115213,115215,10937,115217],{"id":115214},"update-vs-union",[17,115216,15311],{},[17,115218,102899],{},[14,115220,115221],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1073,115223,115224],{"id":30823},[17,115225,15311],{},[167,115227,115228,115231],{},[170,115229,115230],{},"Changes the existing set",[170,115232,11778,115233],{},[17,115234,4115],{},[33,115236,115238],{"className":35,"code":115237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,115239,115240,115256,115272,115276,115290,115300],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115241,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115243,2886],{"class":114},[42,115245,88],{"class":87},[42,115247,10842],{"class":56},[42,115249,3320],{"class":2348},[42,115251,70],{"class":56},[42,115253,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115255,9659],{"class":56},[42,115257,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115259,2914],{"class":114},[42,115261,88],{"class":87},[42,115263,10842],{"class":56},[42,115265,2381],{"class":2348},[42,115267,70],{"class":56},[42,115269,2781],{"class":2348},[42,115271,9659],{"class":56},[42,115273,115274],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115275,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115277,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115279,693],{"class":114},[42,115281,122],{"class":56},[42,115283,30823],{"class":125},[42,115285,57],{"class":56},[42,115287,5102],{"class":125},[42,115289,143],{"class":56},[42,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115293,284],{"class":52},[42,115295,57],{"class":56},[42,115297,693],{"class":125},[42,115299,143],{"class":56},[42,115301,115302],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,115303,114831],{"class":525},[1073,115305,115306],{"id":111369},[17,115307,102899],{},[167,115309,115310,115312],{},[170,115311,101437],{},[170,115313,101440],{},[33,115315,115317],{"className":35,"code":115316,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[17,115318,115319,115335,115351,115355,115373,115383,115387,115397],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115320,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115322,2886],{"class":114},[42,115324,88],{"class":87},[42,115326,10842],{"class":56},[42,115328,3320],{"class":2348},[42,115330,70],{"class":56},[42,115332,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115334,9659],{"class":56},[42,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115338,2914],{"class":114},[42,115340,88],{"class":87},[42,115342,10842],{"class":56},[42,115344,2381],{"class":2348},[42,115346,70],{"class":56},[42,115348,2781],{"class":2348},[42,115350,9659],{"class":56},[42,115352,115353],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115354,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115356,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115358,83548],{"class":114},[42,115360,88],{"class":87},[42,115362,57252],{"class":114},[42,115364,122],{"class":56},[42,115366,111369],{"class":125},[42,115368,57],{"class":56},[42,115370,5102],{"class":125},[42,115372,143],{"class":56},[42,115374,115375,115377,115379,115381],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115376,284],{"class":52},[42,115378,57],{"class":56},[42,115380,10090],{"class":125},[42,115382,143],{"class":56},[42,115384,115385],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,115386,114831],{"class":525},[42,115388,115389,115391,115393,115395],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,115390,284],{"class":52},[42,115392,57],{"class":56},[42,115394,693],{"class":125},[42,115396,143],{"class":56},[42,115398,115399],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,115400,115401],{"class":525},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,115403,107785,115404,115406,115407,115411],{},[17,115405,15311],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[693,115408,115409],{"href":102896},[17,115410,102899],{}," when you want a new set.",[28,115413,115415],{"id":115414},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,115417,11100,115418,122],{},[17,115419,97414],{},[1073,115421,115423],{"id":115422},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,115425,115426],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[33,115428,115430],{"className":35,"code":115429,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[17,115431,115432,115448,115470,115474,115484],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115433,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115435,15986],{"class":114},[42,115437,88],{"class":87},[42,115439,10842],{"class":56},[42,115441,3320],{"class":2348},[42,115443,70],{"class":56},[42,115445,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115447,9659],{"class":56},[42,115449,115450,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115451,2555],{"class":114},[42,115453,88],{"class":87},[42,115455,97024],{"class":114},[42,115457,122],{"class":56},[42,115459,30823],{"class":125},[42,115461,3317],{"class":56},[42,115463,2387],{"class":2348},[42,115465,70],{"class":56},[42,115467,2787],{"class":2348},[42,115469,4226],{"class":56},[42,115471,115472],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115473,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115475,115476,115478,115480,115482],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115477,284],{"class":52},[42,115479,57],{"class":56},[42,115481,2592],{"class":125},[42,115483,143],{"class":56},[42,115485,115486],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115487,62195],{"class":525},[14,115489,115490,115491,1935],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[17,115492,15311],{},[33,115494,115496],{"className":35,"code":115495,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[17,115497,115498,115514,115532,115536,115546],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115499,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115501,15986],{"class":114},[42,115503,88],{"class":87},[42,115505,10842],{"class":56},[42,115507,3320],{"class":2348},[42,115509,70],{"class":56},[42,115511,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115513,9659],{"class":56},[42,115515,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115517,16024],{"class":114},[42,115519,122],{"class":56},[42,115521,30823],{"class":125},[42,115523,3317],{"class":56},[42,115525,2387],{"class":2348},[42,115527,70],{"class":56},[42,115529,2787],{"class":2348},[42,115531,4226],{"class":56},[42,115533,115534],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115535,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115537,115538,115540,115542,115544],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115539,284],{"class":52},[42,115541,57],{"class":56},[42,115543,16024],{"class":125},[42,115545,143],{"class":56},[42,115547,115548],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115549,114130],{"class":525},[1073,115551,115553],{"id":115552},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115555,3168],{},[33,115557,115559],{"className":35,"code":115558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[17,115560,115561,115577],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115562,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115564,15986],{"class":114},[42,115566,88],{"class":87},[42,115568,10842],{"class":56},[42,115570,3320],{"class":2348},[42,115572,70],{"class":56},[42,115574,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115576,9659],{"class":56},[42,115578,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115580,16024],{"class":114},[42,115582,122],{"class":56},[42,115584,30823],{"class":125},[42,115586,57],{"class":56},[42,115588,2461],{"class":2348},[42,115590,143],{"class":56},[14,115592,62649,115593,8952,115595,115597],{},[17,115594,3338],{},[17,115596,2461],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115599,6901],{},[33,115601,115603],{"className":35,"code":115602,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[17,115604,115605,115621,115635,115639,115649],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115606,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115608,15986],{"class":114},[42,115610,88],{"class":87},[42,115612,10842],{"class":56},[42,115614,3320],{"class":2348},[42,115616,70],{"class":56},[42,115618,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115620,9659],{"class":56},[42,115622,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115624,16024],{"class":114},[42,115626,122],{"class":56},[42,115628,30823],{"class":125},[42,115630,3317],{"class":56},[42,115632,2461],{"class":2348},[42,115634,4226],{"class":56},[42,115636,115637],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115638,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115640,115641,115643,115645,115647],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115642,284],{"class":52},[42,115644,57],{"class":56},[42,115646,16024],{"class":125},[42,115648,143],{"class":56},[42,115650,115651],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115652,115653],{"class":525},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115655,46276,115656,122],{},[693,115657,26037,115658],{"href":52963},[17,115659,115660],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1073,115662,115664],{"id":115663},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115666,115667],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[33,115669,115671],{"className":35,"code":115670,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[17,115672,115673,115689,115715,115719,115729],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115674,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685,115687],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115676,15986],{"class":114},[42,115678,88],{"class":87},[42,115680,10842],{"class":56},[42,115682,3320],{"class":2348},[42,115684,70],{"class":56},[42,115686,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115688,9659],{"class":56},[42,115690,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115692,16024],{"class":114},[42,115694,122],{"class":56},[42,115696,30823],{"class":125},[42,115698,3317],{"class":56},[42,115700,2381],{"class":2348},[42,115702,70],{"class":56},[42,115704,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115706,70],{"class":56},[42,115708,3325],{"class":2348},[42,115710,70],{"class":56},[42,115712,2781],{"class":2348},[42,115714,4226],{"class":56},[42,115716,115717],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115718,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115720,115721,115723,115725,115727],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115722,284],{"class":52},[42,115724,57],{"class":56},[42,115726,16024],{"class":125},[42,115728,143],{"class":56},[42,115730,115731],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115732,114831],{"class":525},[1073,115734,115736,115737,44992,115739,115741],{"id":115735},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[17,115738,15311],{},[17,115740,96303],{}," is better",[14,115743,115744,115745,115747],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[17,115746,96303],{}," is usually the better choice.",[33,115749,115751],{"className":35,"code":115750,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[17,115752,115753,115769,115787,115791,115801],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115754,115755,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765,115767],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115756,15986],{"class":114},[42,115758,88],{"class":87},[42,115760,10842],{"class":56},[42,115762,61],{"class":60},[42,115764,58492],{"class":64},[42,115766,61],{"class":60},[42,115768,9659],{"class":56},[42,115770,115771,115773,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115772,16024],{"class":114},[42,115774,122],{"class":56},[42,115776,82468],{"class":125},[42,115778,57],{"class":56},[42,115780,61],{"class":60},[42,115782,37408],{"class":64},[42,115784,61],{"class":60},[42,115786,143],{"class":56},[42,115788,115789],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,115790,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,115792,115793,115795,115797,115799],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,115794,284],{"class":52},[42,115796,57],{"class":56},[42,115798,16024],{"class":125},[42,115800,143],{"class":56},[42,115802,115803],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,115804,114991],{"class":525},[28,115806,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,115808,13060,115810,97393],{"id":115809},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[17,115811,97414],{},[14,115813,97396,115814,122],{},[17,115815,4115],{},[1073,115817,28687,115818,32586],{"id":32583},[17,115819,15311],{},[14,115821,115822],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1073,115824,2171,115826,1753,115828,2823],{"id":115825},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[17,115827,96303],{},[17,115829,15311],{},[14,115831,115832,115834,115835,115837],{},[17,115833,96303],{}," adds one item. ",[17,115836,15311],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1073,115839,115841],{"id":115840},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115843,115844,115845,114840],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[17,115846,15311],{},[1073,115848,115850],{"id":115849},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115852,146,115853,11445,115855,122],{},[17,115854,102899],{},[17,115856,15311],{},[28,115858,2205],{"id":2204},[167,115860,115861,115868,115875,115881,115887],{},[170,115862,115863],{},[693,115864,115865],{"href":98600},[17,115866,115867],{},"Python set add() method",[170,115869,115870],{},[693,115871,115872],{"href":102896},[17,115873,115874],{},"Python set union() method",[170,115876,115877],{},[693,115878,115879],{"href":97983},[17,115880,97438],{},[170,115882,115883],{},[693,115884,115885],{"href":99177},[17,115886,100444],{},[170,115888,115889],{},[693,115890,115891,115893],{"href":52963},[17,115892,115660],{}," fix",[14,115895,115896,115897,115899,115900,115902],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[17,115898,96308],{}," for a single value and ",[17,115901,108143],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2245,115904,115905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":115907},[115908,115909,115911,115912,115913,115914,115915,115916,115918,115923,115930,115939],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":114138,"depth":111,"text":115910},"What set.update() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":22327,"depth":111,"text":22328},{"id":114524,"depth":111,"text":114525},{"id":114627,"depth":111,"text":114628},{"id":114834,"depth":111,"text":114835},{"id":114994,"depth":111,"text":115917},"update() vs add()",{"id":115214,"depth":111,"text":115919,"children":115920},"update() vs union()",[115921,115922],{"id":30823,"depth":132,"text":15311},{"id":111369,"depth":132,"text":102899},{"id":115414,"depth":111,"text":115415,"children":115924},[115925,115926,115927,115928],{"id":115422,"depth":132,"text":115423},{"id":115552,"depth":132,"text":115553},{"id":115663,"depth":132,"text":115664},{"id":115735,"depth":132,"text":115929},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":115931},[115932,115934,115935,115937,115938],{"id":115809,"depth":132,"text":115933},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32583,"depth":132,"text":32656},{"id":115825,"depth":132,"text":115936},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115840,"depth":132,"text":115841},{"id":115849,"depth":132,"text":115850},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114050,"description":115940},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115946,"title":115947,"body":115948,"description":117714,"extension":2285,"meta":117715,"navigation":2287,"path":14147,"seo":117716,"stem":117717,"__hash__":117718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115949,"toc":117689},[115950,115953,115956,115959,115970,115978,115981,115983,116132,116144,116148,116165,116169,116177,116179,116190,116192,116289,116295,116298,116394,116403,116408,116412,116417,116419,116429,116431,116540,116548,116552,116555,116558,116575,116581,116661,116664,116668,116671,116675,116678,116737,116740,116744,116747,116839,116843,116846,116953,116957,116963,116991,116993,117075,117085,117089,117092,117103,117106,117191,117194,117199,117203,117206,117217,117220,117362,117365,117369,117372,117386,117389,117450,117456,117458,117461,117483,117486,117586,117589,117621,117623,117627,117630,117632,117635,117639,117642,117646,117649,117653,117656,117658,117686],[10,115951,115947],{"id":115952},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115954,115955],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115957,115958],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[167,115960,115961,115964,115967],{},[170,115962,115963],{},"a list inside another list",[170,115965,115966],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[170,115968,115969],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115971,100366,115972,1753,115974,115977],{},[177,115973,13207],{},[177,115975,115976],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115979,115980],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[28,115982,31],{"id":30},[33,115984,115986],{"className":35,"code":115985,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[17,115987,115988,115995,115999,116025,116045,116065,116069,116087,116091,116104,116118],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,115989,115990,115992],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,115991,1976],{"class":48},[42,115993,115994],{"class":114}," copy\n",[42,115996,115997],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,115998,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116002,12441],{"class":114},[42,116004,88],{"class":87},[42,116006,56658],{"class":56},[42,116008,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116010,70],{"class":56},[42,116012,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116014,18421],{"class":56},[42,116016,3957],{"class":56},[42,116018,2387],{"class":2348},[42,116020,70],{"class":56},[42,116022,2787],{"class":2348},[42,116024,53606],{"class":56},[42,116026,116027,116030,116032,116035,116037,116039,116041,116043],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116028,116029],{"class":114},"shallow ",[42,116031,88],{"class":87},[42,116033,116034],{"class":114}," copy",[42,116036,122],{"class":56},[42,116038,13268],{"class":125},[42,116040,57],{"class":56},[42,116042,12488],{"class":125},[42,116044,143],{"class":56},[42,116046,116047,116050,116052,116054,116056,116059,116061,116063],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,116048,116049],{"class":114},"deep ",[42,116051,88],{"class":87},[42,116053,116034],{"class":114},[42,116055,122],{"class":56},[42,116057,116058],{"class":125},"deepcopy",[42,116060,57],{"class":56},[42,116062,12488],{"class":125},[42,116064,143],{"class":56},[42,116066,116067],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,116068,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116070,116071,116073,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,116072,12488],{"class":114},[42,116074,4238],{"class":56},[42,116076,2445],{"class":2348},[42,116078,13907],{"class":56},[42,116080,13910],{"class":125},[42,116082,57],{"class":56},[42,116084,56711],{"class":2348},[42,116086,143],{"class":56},[42,116088,116089],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,116090,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116092,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,116094,284],{"class":52},[42,116096,57],{"class":56},[42,116098,12488],{"class":125},[42,116100,98],{"class":56},[42,116102,116103],{"class":525},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[42,116105,116106,116108,116110,116113,116115],{"class":44,"line":6783},[42,116107,284],{"class":52},[42,116109,57],{"class":56},[42,116111,116112],{"class":125},"shallow",[42,116114,98],{"class":56},[42,116116,116117],{"class":525},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[42,116119,116120,116122,116124,116127,116129],{"class":44,"line":11949},[42,116121,284],{"class":52},[42,116123,57],{"class":56},[42,116125,116126],{"class":125},"deep",[42,116128,98],{"class":56},[42,116130,116131],{"class":525},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116133,146,116134,116137,116138,1753,116140,116143],{},[17,116135,116136],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[177,116139,13207],{},[17,116141,116142],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[28,116145,116147],{"id":116146},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[167,116149,116150,116153,116156,116159,116162],{},[170,116151,116152],{},"What a copy means in Python",[170,116154,116155],{},"How shallow copy works",[170,116157,116158],{},"How deep copy works",[170,116160,116161],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[170,116163,116164],{},"When to use each approach",[28,116166,116168],{"id":116167},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,116170,15546,116171,116173,116174,116176],{},[177,116172,13207],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[177,116175,179],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,116178,2432],{},[167,116180,116181,116184,116187],{},[170,116182,116183],{},"the outer container is new",[170,116185,116186],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[170,116188,116189],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,116191,219],{},[33,116193,116195],{"className":35,"code":116194,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[17,116196,116197,116223,116237,116241,116259,116263,116276],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116198,116199,116201,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,116200,12441],{"class":114},[42,116202,88],{"class":87},[42,116204,56658],{"class":56},[42,116206,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116208,70],{"class":56},[42,116210,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116212,18421],{"class":56},[42,116214,3957],{"class":56},[42,116216,2387],{"class":2348},[42,116218,70],{"class":56},[42,116220,2787],{"class":2348},[42,116222,53606],{"class":56},[42,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,116226,14668],{"class":114},[42,116228,88],{"class":87},[42,116230,12516],{"class":114},[42,116232,122],{"class":56},[42,116234,13268],{"class":125},[42,116236,129],{"class":56},[42,116238,116239],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116240,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116242,116243,116245,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116244,14687],{"class":114},[42,116246,122],{"class":56},[42,116248,13910],{"class":125},[42,116250,3317],{"class":56},[42,116252,2461],{"class":2348},[42,116254,70],{"class":56},[42,116256,38005],{"class":2348},[42,116258,4226],{"class":56},[42,116260,116261],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,116262,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116264,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,116266,284],{"class":52},[42,116268,57],{"class":56},[42,116270,12488],{"class":125},[42,116272,98],{"class":56},[42,116274,116275],{"class":525},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[42,116277,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,116279,284],{"class":52},[42,116281,57],{"class":56},[42,116283,14687],{"class":125},[42,116285,98],{"class":56},[42,116287,116288],{"class":525},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,116290,116291,116292,116294],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[17,116293,14687],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,116296,116297],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[33,116299,116301],{"className":35,"code":116300,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,116302,116303,116329,116343,116347,116365,116369,116381],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116304,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,116306,12441],{"class":114},[42,116308,88],{"class":87},[42,116310,56658],{"class":56},[42,116312,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116314,70],{"class":56},[42,116316,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116318,18421],{"class":56},[42,116320,3957],{"class":56},[42,116322,2387],{"class":2348},[42,116324,70],{"class":56},[42,116326,2787],{"class":2348},[42,116328,53606],{"class":56},[42,116330,116331,116333,116335,116337,116339,116341],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,116332,14668],{"class":114},[42,116334,88],{"class":87},[42,116336,12516],{"class":114},[42,116338,122],{"class":56},[42,116340,13268],{"class":125},[42,116342,129],{"class":56},[42,116344,116345],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116346,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116348,116349,116351,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116350,14687],{"class":114},[42,116352,4238],{"class":56},[42,116354,2445],{"class":2348},[42,116356,13907],{"class":56},[42,116358,13910],{"class":125},[42,116360,57],{"class":56},[42,116362,56711],{"class":2348},[42,116364,143],{"class":56},[42,116366,116367],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,116368,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116370,116371,116373,116375,116377,116379],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,116372,284],{"class":52},[42,116374,57],{"class":56},[42,116376,12488],{"class":125},[42,116378,98],{"class":56},[42,116380,116103],{"class":525},[42,116382,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,116384,284],{"class":52},[42,116386,57],{"class":56},[42,116388,14687],{"class":125},[42,116390,98],{"class":56},[42,116392,116393],{"class":525},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,116395,116396,116397,1753,116399,116402],{},"Both changed because ",[17,116398,56815],{},[17,116400,116401],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,116404,116405,116406,122],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[693,116407,44298],{"href":12420},[28,116409,116411],{"id":116410},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,116413,15546,116414,116416],{},[177,116415,115976],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,116418,2432],{},[167,116420,116421,116423,116426],{},[170,116422,116183],{},[170,116424,116425],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[170,116427,116428],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,116430,219],{},[33,116432,116434],{"className":35,"code":116433,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[17,116435,116436,116442,116446,116472,116490,116494,116512,116516,116528],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116437,116438,116440],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,116439,1976],{"class":48},[42,116441,115994],{"class":114},[42,116443,116444],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,116445,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116447,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468,116470],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116449,12441],{"class":114},[42,116451,88],{"class":87},[42,116453,56658],{"class":56},[42,116455,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116457,70],{"class":56},[42,116459,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116461,18421],{"class":56},[42,116463,3957],{"class":56},[42,116465,2387],{"class":2348},[42,116467,70],{"class":56},[42,116469,2787],{"class":2348},[42,116471,53606],{"class":56},[42,116473,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116475,14668],{"class":114},[42,116477,88],{"class":87},[42,116479,116034],{"class":114},[42,116481,122],{"class":56},[42,116483,116058],{"class":125},[42,116485,57],{"class":56},[42,116487,12488],{"class":125},[42,116489,143],{"class":56},[42,116491,116492],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,116493,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116495,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,116497,14687],{"class":114},[42,116499,4238],{"class":56},[42,116501,2445],{"class":2348},[42,116503,13907],{"class":56},[42,116505,13910],{"class":125},[42,116507,57],{"class":56},[42,116509,56711],{"class":2348},[42,116511,143],{"class":56},[42,116513,116514],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,116515,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116517,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,116519,284],{"class":52},[42,116521,57],{"class":56},[42,116523,12488],{"class":125},[42,116525,98],{"class":56},[42,116527,116275],{"class":525},[42,116529,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,116531,284],{"class":52},[42,116533,57],{"class":56},[42,116535,14687],{"class":125},[42,116537,98],{"class":56},[42,116539,116393],{"class":525},[14,116541,116542,116543,116545,116546,122],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[17,116544,116401],{}," does not change ",[17,116547,56815],{},[28,116549,116551],{"id":116550},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116553,116554],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116556,116557],{},"Common reasons:",[167,116559,116560,116563,116566,116572],{},[170,116561,116562],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[170,116564,116565],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[170,116567,116568,116569,116571],{},"Assignment with ",[17,116570,88],{}," does not make a copy",[170,116573,116574],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116576,116577,116578,116580],{},"For example, this does ",[177,116579,179],{}," create a copy:",[33,116582,116584],{"className":35,"code":116583,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,116585,116586,116606,116614,116618,116632,116636,116648],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116587,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,116589,12441],{"class":114},[42,116591,88],{"class":87},[42,116593,3957],{"class":56},[42,116595,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116597,70],{"class":56},[42,116599,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116601,70],{"class":56},[42,116603,2781],{"class":2348},[42,116605,3970],{"class":56},[42,116607,116608,116610,116612],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,116609,14668],{"class":114},[42,116611,88],{"class":87},[42,116613,12479],{"class":114},[42,116615,116616],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116617,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116619,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116621,14687],{"class":114},[42,116623,122],{"class":56},[42,116625,13910],{"class":125},[42,116627,57],{"class":56},[42,116629,2836],{"class":2348},[42,116631,143],{"class":56},[42,116633,116634],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,116635,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116637,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,116639,284],{"class":52},[42,116641,57],{"class":56},[42,116643,12488],{"class":125},[42,116645,98],{"class":56},[42,116647,56065],{"class":525},[42,116649,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,116651,284],{"class":52},[42,116653,57],{"class":56},[42,116655,14687],{"class":125},[42,116657,98],{"class":56},[42,116659,116660],{"class":525},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116662,116663],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[28,116665,116667],{"id":116666},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116669,116670],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1073,116672,116674],{"id":116673},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116676,116677],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[33,116679,116681],{"className":35,"code":116680,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[17,116682,116683,116709,116717,116721],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116684,116685,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705,116707],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,116686,12441],{"class":114},[42,116688,88],{"class":87},[42,116690,56658],{"class":56},[42,116692,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116694,70],{"class":56},[42,116696,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116698,18421],{"class":56},[42,116700,3957],{"class":56},[42,116702,2387],{"class":2348},[42,116704,70],{"class":56},[42,116706,2787],{"class":2348},[42,116708,53606],{"class":56},[42,116710,116711,116713,116715],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,116712,14459],{"class":114},[42,116714,88],{"class":87},[42,116716,12479],{"class":114},[42,116718,116719],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116720,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116722,116723,116725,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116724,284],{"class":52},[42,116726,57],{"class":56},[42,116728,12441],{"class":125},[42,116730,12549],{"class":48},[42,116732,14527],{"class":125},[42,116734,98],{"class":56},[42,116736,3999],{"class":525},[14,116738,116739],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1073,116741,116743],{"id":116742},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116745,116746],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[33,116748,116750],{"className":35,"code":116749,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[17,116751,116752,116778,116792,116796,116813],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116753,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,116755,12441],{"class":114},[42,116757,88],{"class":87},[42,116759,56658],{"class":56},[42,116761,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116763,70],{"class":56},[42,116765,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116767,18421],{"class":56},[42,116769,3957],{"class":56},[42,116771,2387],{"class":2348},[42,116773,70],{"class":56},[42,116775,2787],{"class":2348},[42,116777,53606],{"class":56},[42,116779,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,116781,116029],{"class":114},[42,116783,88],{"class":87},[42,116785,12516],{"class":114},[42,116787,122],{"class":56},[42,116789,13268],{"class":125},[42,116791,129],{"class":56},[42,116793,116794],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116795,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116797,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806,116809,116811],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116799,284],{"class":52},[42,116801,57],{"class":56},[42,116803,12441],{"class":125},[42,116805,12549],{"class":48},[42,116807,116808],{"class":125}," shallow",[42,116810,98],{"class":56},[42,116812,21558],{"class":525},[42,116814,116815,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,116816,284],{"class":52},[42,116818,57],{"class":56},[42,116820,12488],{"class":125},[42,116822,4238],{"class":56},[42,116824,2445],{"class":2348},[42,116826,13631],{"class":56},[42,116828,8446],{"class":48},[42,116830,116808],{"class":125},[42,116832,4238],{"class":56},[42,116834,2445],{"class":2348},[42,116836,20804],{"class":56},[42,116838,3999],{"class":525},[1073,116840,116842],{"id":116841},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116844,116845],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[33,116847,116849],{"className":35,"code":116848,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[17,116850,116851,116857,116861,116887,116905,116909,116927],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116852,116853,116855],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,116854,1976],{"class":48},[42,116856,115994],{"class":114},[42,116858,116859],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,116860,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116862,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877,116879,116881,116883,116885],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,116864,12441],{"class":114},[42,116866,88],{"class":87},[42,116868,56658],{"class":56},[42,116870,3320],{"class":2348},[42,116872,70],{"class":56},[42,116874,3325],{"class":2348},[42,116876,18421],{"class":56},[42,116878,3957],{"class":56},[42,116880,2387],{"class":2348},[42,116882,70],{"class":56},[42,116884,2787],{"class":2348},[42,116886,53606],{"class":56},[42,116888,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,116890,116049],{"class":114},[42,116892,88],{"class":87},[42,116894,116034],{"class":114},[42,116896,122],{"class":56},[42,116898,116058],{"class":125},[42,116900,57],{"class":56},[42,116902,12488],{"class":125},[42,116904,143],{"class":56},[42,116906,116907],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,116908,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,116910,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116922,116924],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,116912,284],{"class":52},[42,116914,57],{"class":56},[42,116916,12441],{"class":125},[42,116918,12549],{"class":48},[42,116920,116921],{"class":125}," deep",[42,116923,98],{"class":56},[42,116925,116926],{"class":525},"         # False\n",[42,116928,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947,116949,116951],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,116930,284],{"class":52},[42,116932,57],{"class":56},[42,116934,12488],{"class":125},[42,116936,4238],{"class":56},[42,116938,2445],{"class":2348},[42,116940,13631],{"class":56},[42,116942,8446],{"class":48},[42,116944,116921],{"class":125},[42,116946,4238],{"class":56},[42,116948,2445],{"class":2348},[42,116950,20804],{"class":56},[42,116952,44234],{"class":525},[28,116954,116956],{"id":116955},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116958,116959,116960,1935],{},"These all make ",[177,116961,116962],{},"shallow copies",[167,116964,116965,116969,116973,116978,116984],{},[170,116966,116967],{},[17,116968,55965],{},[170,116970,116971],{},[17,116972,12790],{},[170,116974,116975],{},[17,116976,116977],{},"set.copy()",[170,116979,116980,116981],{},"list slicing like ",[17,116982,116983],{},"my_list[:]",[170,116985,116986,116988,116989,35440],{},[17,116987,116136],{}," from the ",[17,116990,13268],{},[14,116992,515],{},[33,116994,116996],{"className":35,"code":116995,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,116997,116998,117018,117022,117036,117047,117051,117063],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,116999,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117001,3952],{"class":114},[42,117003,88],{"class":87},[42,117005,3957],{"class":56},[42,117007,3320],{"class":2348},[42,117009,70],{"class":56},[42,117011,3325],{"class":2348},[42,117013,70],{"class":56},[42,117015,2781],{"class":2348},[42,117017,3970],{"class":56},[42,117019,117020],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,117021,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117023,117024,117026,117028,117030,117032,117034],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,117025,2886],{"class":114},[42,117027,88],{"class":87},[42,117029,4603],{"class":114},[42,117031,122],{"class":56},[42,117033,13268],{"class":125},[42,117035,129],{"class":56},[42,117037,117038,117040,117042,117044],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,117039,2914],{"class":114},[42,117041,88],{"class":87},[42,117043,4603],{"class":114},[42,117045,117046],{"class":56},"[:]\n",[42,117048,117049],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,117050,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,117054,284],{"class":52},[42,117056,57],{"class":56},[42,117058,693],{"class":125},[42,117060,98],{"class":56},[42,117062,55296],{"class":525},[42,117064,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,117066,284],{"class":52},[42,117068,57],{"class":56},[42,117070,5102],{"class":125},[42,117072,98],{"class":56},[42,117074,55296],{"class":525},[14,117076,73502,117077,47895,117081,122],{},[693,117078,117079,11093],{"href":55324},[17,117080,55965],{},[693,117082,117083,11093],{"href":12787},[17,117084,12790],{},[28,117086,117088],{"id":117087},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,117090,117091],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[167,117093,117094,117097,117100],{},[170,117095,117096],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[170,117098,117099],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[170,117101,117102],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,117104,117105],{},"Example with a flat list:",[33,117107,117109],{"className":35,"code":117108,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[17,117110,117111,117131,117145,117149,117163,117167,117179],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117112,117113,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117114,12441],{"class":114},[42,117116,88],{"class":87},[42,117118,3957],{"class":56},[42,117120,3320],{"class":2348},[42,117122,70],{"class":56},[42,117124,3325],{"class":2348},[42,117126,70],{"class":56},[42,117128,2781],{"class":2348},[42,117130,3970],{"class":56},[42,117132,117133,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,117134,14668],{"class":114},[42,117136,88],{"class":87},[42,117138,12516],{"class":114},[42,117140,122],{"class":56},[42,117142,13268],{"class":125},[42,117144,129],{"class":56},[42,117146,117147],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,117148,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,117152,14687],{"class":114},[42,117154,122],{"class":56},[42,117156,13910],{"class":125},[42,117158,57],{"class":56},[42,117160,2836],{"class":2348},[42,117162,143],{"class":56},[42,117164,117165],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,117166,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117168,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,117170,284],{"class":52},[42,117172,57],{"class":56},[42,117174,12488],{"class":125},[42,117176,98],{"class":56},[42,117178,55296],{"class":525},[42,117180,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,117182,284],{"class":52},[42,117184,57],{"class":56},[42,117186,14687],{"class":125},[42,117188,98],{"class":56},[42,117190,116660],{"class":525},[14,117192,117193],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,117195,117196,117197,122],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[693,117198,15245],{"href":57584},[28,117200,117202],{"id":117201},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,117204,117205],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[167,117207,117208,117211,117214],{},[170,117209,117210],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[170,117212,117213],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[170,117215,117216],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,117218,117219],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[33,117221,117223],{"className":35,"code":117222,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[17,117224,117225,117231,117235,117261,117275,117293,117297,117319,117323,117336,117349],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117226,117227,117229],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117228,1976],{"class":48},[42,117230,115994],{"class":114},[42,117232,117233],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,117234,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117236,117237,117239,117241,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,117238,12441],{"class":114},[42,117240,88],{"class":87},[42,117242,10842],{"class":56},[42,117244,61],{"class":60},[42,117246,16747],{"class":64},[42,117248,61],{"class":60},[42,117250,1935],{"class":56},[42,117252,3957],{"class":56},[42,117254,2659],{"class":2348},[42,117256,70],{"class":56},[42,117258,8139],{"class":2348},[42,117260,14063],{"class":56},[42,117262,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,117264,116029],{"class":114},[42,117266,88],{"class":87},[42,117268,12516],{"class":114},[42,117270,122],{"class":56},[42,117272,13268],{"class":125},[42,117274,129],{"class":56},[42,117276,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,117278,116049],{"class":114},[42,117280,88],{"class":87},[42,117282,116034],{"class":114},[42,117284,122],{"class":56},[42,117286,116058],{"class":125},[42,117288,57],{"class":56},[42,117290,12488],{"class":125},[42,117292,143],{"class":56},[42,117294,117295],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,117296,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117298,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315,117317],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,117300,12488],{"class":114},[42,117302,4238],{"class":56},[42,117304,61],{"class":60},[42,117306,16747],{"class":64},[42,117308,61],{"class":60},[42,117310,13907],{"class":56},[42,117312,13910],{"class":125},[42,117314,57],{"class":56},[42,117316,37202],{"class":2348},[42,117318,143],{"class":56},[42,117320,117321],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,117322,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117324,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,117326,284],{"class":52},[42,117328,57],{"class":56},[42,117330,12488],{"class":125},[42,117332,98],{"class":56},[42,117334,117335],{"class":525},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[42,117337,117338,117340,117342,117344,117346],{"class":44,"line":6783},[42,117339,284],{"class":52},[42,117341,57],{"class":56},[42,117343,116112],{"class":125},[42,117345,98],{"class":56},[42,117347,117348],{"class":525},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[42,117350,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359],{"class":44,"line":11949},[42,117352,284],{"class":52},[42,117354,57],{"class":56},[42,117356,116126],{"class":125},[42,117358,98],{"class":56},[42,117360,117361],{"class":525},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,117363,117364],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[28,117366,117368],{"id":117367},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,117370,117371],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[167,117373,117374,117377,117380,117383],{},[170,117375,117376],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[170,117378,117379],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[170,117381,117382],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[170,117384,117385],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,117387,117388],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[33,117390,117392],{"className":35,"code":117391,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[17,117393,117394,117402,117410,117414,117422,117426,117438],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117395,117396,117398,117400],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117397,2886],{"class":114},[42,117399,88],{"class":87},[42,117401,2919],{"class":2348},[42,117403,117404,117406,117408],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,117405,2914],{"class":114},[42,117407,88],{"class":87},[42,117409,36535],{"class":114},[42,117411,117412],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,117413,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117415,117416,117418,117420],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,117417,2914],{"class":114},[42,117419,88],{"class":87},[42,117421,14971],{"class":2348},[42,117423,117424],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,117425,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117427,117428,117430,117432,117434,117436],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,117429,284],{"class":52},[42,117431,57],{"class":56},[42,117433,693],{"class":125},[42,117435,98],{"class":56},[42,117437,27153],{"class":525},[42,117439,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,117441,284],{"class":52},[42,117443,57],{"class":56},[42,117445,5102],{"class":125},[42,117447,98],{"class":56},[42,117449,27974],{"class":525},[14,117451,93608,117452,117455],{},[693,117453,117454],{"href":12420},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[28,117457,1929],{"id":1928},[14,117459,117460],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[167,117462,117463,117467,117472,117477,117480],{},[170,117464,1940,117465,57148],{},[17,117466,88],{},[170,117468,1940,117469,117471],{},[17,117470,55965],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[170,117473,1940,117474,117476],{},[17,117475,12790],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[170,117478,117479],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[170,117481,117482],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,117484,117485],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[33,117487,117489],{"className":35,"code":117488,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[17,117490,117491,117505,117519,117541,117572],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117492,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117494,284],{"class":52},[42,117496,57],{"class":56},[42,117498,12441],{"class":125},[42,117500,12549],{"class":48},[42,117502,14741],{"class":125},[42,117504,143],{"class":56},[42,117506,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,117508,284],{"class":52},[42,117510,57],{"class":56},[42,117512,12441],{"class":125},[42,117514,5029],{"class":87},[42,117516,14741],{"class":125},[42,117518,143],{"class":56},[42,117520,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,117522,284],{"class":52},[42,117524,57],{"class":56},[42,117526,13005],{"class":52},[42,117528,57],{"class":56},[42,117530,12488],{"class":125},[42,117532,9583],{"class":56},[42,117534,15173],{"class":52},[42,117536,57],{"class":56},[42,117538,14687],{"class":125},[42,117540,842],{"class":56},[42,117542,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117560,117562,117564,117566,117568,117570],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,117544,284],{"class":52},[42,117546,57],{"class":56},[42,117548,13005],{"class":52},[42,117550,57],{"class":56},[42,117552,12488],{"class":125},[42,117554,4238],{"class":56},[42,117556,2445],{"class":2348},[42,117558,117559],{"class":56},"]),",[42,117561,15173],{"class":52},[42,117563,57],{"class":56},[42,117565,14687],{"class":125},[42,117567,4238],{"class":56},[42,117569,2445],{"class":2348},[42,117571,3332],{"class":56},[42,117573,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582,117584],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,117575,284],{"class":52},[42,117577,57],{"class":56},[42,117579,835],{"class":834},[42,117581,57],{"class":56},[42,117583,12488],{"class":125},[42,117585,842],{"class":56},[14,117587,117588],{},"What they tell you:",[167,117590,117591,117596,117601,117606,117616],{},[170,117592,117593,117595],{},[17,117594,12549],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[170,117597,117598,117600],{},[17,117599,5029],{}," checks whether values are equal",[170,117602,117603,117605],{},[17,117604,43850],{}," shows the identity of an object",[170,117607,117608,117609,1753,117612,117615],{},"comparing ",[17,117610,117611],{},"id(original[0])",[17,117613,117614],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[170,117617,117618,117620],{},[17,117619,2630],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[28,117622,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,117624,117626],{"id":117625},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117628,117629],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1073,117631,57634],{"id":57549},[14,117633,117634],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1073,117636,117638],{"id":117637},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117640,117641],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1073,117643,117645],{"id":117644},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117647,117648],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1073,117650,117652],{"id":117651},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117654,117655],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[28,117657,2205],{"id":2204},[167,117659,117660,117665,117671,117677,117681],{},[170,117661,117662],{},[693,117663,117664],{"href":12420},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[170,117666,117667],{},[693,117668,3908,117669,11093],{"href":55324},[17,117670,55965],{},[170,117672,117673],{},[693,117674,3908,117675,11093],{"href":12787},[17,117676,12790],{},[170,117678,117679],{},[693,117680,15322],{"href":57584},[170,117682,117683],{},[693,117684,117685],{"href":58859},"What is a list in Python?",[2245,117687,117688],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":117690},[117691,117692,117693,117694,117695,117696,117701,117702,117703,117704,117705,117706,117713],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":116146,"depth":111,"text":116147},{"id":116167,"depth":111,"text":116168},{"id":116410,"depth":111,"text":116411},{"id":116550,"depth":111,"text":116551},{"id":116666,"depth":111,"text":116667,"children":117697},[117698,117699,117700],{"id":116673,"depth":132,"text":116674},{"id":116742,"depth":132,"text":116743},{"id":116841,"depth":132,"text":116842},{"id":116955,"depth":111,"text":116956},{"id":117087,"depth":111,"text":117088},{"id":117201,"depth":111,"text":117202},{"id":117367,"depth":111,"text":117368},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":117707},[117708,117709,117710,117711,117712],{"id":117625,"depth":132,"text":117626},{"id":57549,"depth":132,"text":57634},{"id":117637,"depth":132,"text":117638},{"id":117644,"depth":132,"text":117645},{"id":117651,"depth":132,"text":117652},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115947,"description":117714},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117720,"title":117721,"body":117722,"description":119579,"extension":2285,"meta":119580,"navigation":2287,"path":119581,"seo":119582,"stem":119583,"__hash__":119584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117723,"toc":119537},[117724,117729,117734,117742,117744,117812,117817,117822,117837,117840,117842,117873,117875,117895,117898,117913,117915,117918,117991,117993,118038,118040,118051,118056,118060,118065,118068,118107,118109,118129,118132,118189,118191,118226,118229,118268,118270,118290,118293,118324,118326,118382,118384,118389,118460,118462,118495,118500,118505,118570,118572,118609,118612,118689,118691,118751,118758,118763,118766,118769,118850,118852,118893,118898,118901,118979,118981,119014,119023,119030,119033,119044,119047,119058,119062,119070,119079,119083,119088,119092,119097,119140,119143,119149,119152,119154,119201,119206,119210,119213,119262,119264,119285,119288,119290,119315,119318,119439,119444,119446,119451,119454,119459,119462,119470,119475,119482,119485,119493,119496,119498,119534],[10,117725,3908,117727,3912],{"id":117726},"python-sorted-function-explained",[17,117728,74786],{},[14,117730,117731,117733],{},[17,117732,74786],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117735,117736,117737,2514,117739,117741],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[17,117738,78229],{},[17,117740,74786],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[28,117743,3942],{"id":3941},[33,117745,117747],{"className":35,"code":117746,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[17,117748,117749,117769,117783,117787,117799],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117750,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117752,3952],{"class":114},[42,117754,88],{"class":87},[42,117756,3957],{"class":56},[42,117758,2387],{"class":2348},[42,117760,70],{"class":56},[42,117762,5842],{"class":2348},[42,117764,70],{"class":56},[42,117766,3325],{"class":2348},[42,117768,3970],{"class":56},[42,117770,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,117772,2555],{"class":114},[42,117774,88],{"class":87},[42,117776,74920],{"class":52},[42,117778,57],{"class":56},[42,117780,3984],{"class":125},[42,117782,143],{"class":56},[42,117784,117785],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,117786,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,117790,284],{"class":52},[42,117792,57],{"class":56},[42,117794,2592],{"class":125},[42,117796,98],{"class":56},[42,117798,56052],{"class":525},[42,117800,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,117802,284],{"class":52},[42,117804,57],{"class":56},[42,117806,3984],{"class":125},[42,117808,98],{"class":56},[42,117810,117811],{"class":525},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117813,117814,117816],{},[17,117815,74786],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[28,117818,4013,117820,4016],{"id":117819},"what-sorted-does",[17,117821,74786],{},[167,117823,117824,117828,117831,117834],{},[170,117825,117826,63290],{},[17,117827,74786],{},[170,117829,117830],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[170,117832,117833],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[170,117835,117836],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117838,117839],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[28,117841,312],{"id":311},[33,117843,117845],{"className":35,"code":117844,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[17,117846,117847],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117848,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117850,74876],{"class":52},[42,117852,57],{"class":56},[42,117854,4057],{"class":125},[42,117856,70],{"class":56},[42,117858,21937],{"class":83},[42,117860,88],{"class":87},[42,117862,4115],{"class":4190},[42,117864,70],{"class":56},[42,117866,78432],{"class":83},[42,117868,88],{"class":87},[42,117870,4009],{"class":4190},[42,117872,143],{"class":56},[1073,117874,17754],{"id":17753},[167,117876,117877,117882,117887],{},[170,117878,117879,117881],{},[17,117880,4057],{},": the values to sort",[170,117883,117884,117886],{},[17,117885,15198],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[170,117888,117889,117891,117892,117894],{},[17,117890,73939],{},": set to ",[17,117893,3937],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117896,117897],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[33,117899,117901],{"className":35,"code":117900,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"sorted(my_values)\n",[17,117902,117903],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117904,117905,117907,117909,117911],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117906,74876],{"class":52},[42,117908,57],{"class":56},[42,117910,60673],{"class":125},[42,117912,143],{"class":56},[28,117914,11829],{"id":11828},[14,117916,117917],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[33,117919,117921],{"className":35,"code":117920,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,117922,117923,117947,117951,117966,117970,117981],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117924,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,117926,3952],{"class":114},[42,117928,88],{"class":87},[42,117930,3957],{"class":56},[42,117932,2461],{"class":2348},[42,117934,70],{"class":56},[42,117936,3325],{"class":2348},[42,117938,70],{"class":56},[42,117940,6706],{"class":2348},[42,117942,70],{"class":56},[42,117944,5842],{"class":2348},[42,117946,3970],{"class":56},[42,117948,117949],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,117950,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117952,117953,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,117954,117955],{"class":114},"sorted_numbers ",[42,117957,88],{"class":87},[42,117959,74920],{"class":52},[42,117961,57],{"class":56},[42,117963,3984],{"class":125},[42,117965,143],{"class":56},[42,117967,117968],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,117969,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,117971,117972,117974,117976,117979],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,117973,284],{"class":52},[42,117975,57],{"class":56},[42,117977,117978],{"class":125},"sorted_numbers",[42,117980,143],{"class":56},[42,117982,117983,117985,117987,117989],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,117984,284],{"class":52},[42,117986,57],{"class":56},[42,117988,3984],{"class":125},[42,117990,143],{"class":56},[14,117992,2395],{},[33,117994,117996],{"className":35,"code":117995,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[17,117997,117998,118018],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,117999,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118001,4238],{"class":56},[42,118003,3320],{"class":2348},[42,118005,70],{"class":56},[42,118007,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118009,70],{"class":56},[42,118011,4946],{"class":2348},[42,118013,70],{"class":56},[42,118015,6706],{"class":2348},[42,118017,3970],{"class":56},[42,118019,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118021,4238],{"class":56},[42,118023,2461],{"class":2348},[42,118025,70],{"class":56},[42,118027,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118029,70],{"class":56},[42,118031,6706],{"class":2348},[42,118033,70],{"class":56},[42,118035,5842],{"class":2348},[42,118037,3970],{"class":56},[14,118039,14120],{},[167,118041,118042,118047],{},[170,118043,118044,118046],{},[17,118045,117978],{}," is a new sorted list",[170,118048,118049,112583],{},[17,118050,3984],{},[14,118052,118053,118054,122],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[693,118055,78739],{"href":78738},[28,118057,118059],{"id":118058},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,118061,118062,118064],{},[17,118063,74786],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1073,118066,118067],{"id":8443},"List",[33,118069,118071],{"className":35,"code":118070,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[17,118072,118073,118093],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118074,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118076,3952],{"class":114},[42,118078,88],{"class":87},[42,118080,3957],{"class":56},[42,118082,2387],{"class":2348},[42,118084,70],{"class":56},[42,118086,5842],{"class":2348},[42,118088,70],{"class":56},[42,118090,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118092,3970],{"class":56},[42,118094,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118096,284],{"class":52},[42,118098,57],{"class":56},[42,118100,74876],{"class":52},[42,118102,57],{"class":56},[42,118104,3984],{"class":125},[42,118106,842],{"class":56},[14,118108,2395],{},[33,118110,118111],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,118112,118113],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118114,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118116,4238],{"class":56},[42,118118,3320],{"class":2348},[42,118120,70],{"class":56},[42,118122,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118124,70],{"class":56},[42,118126,2781],{"class":2348},[42,118128,3970],{"class":56},[1073,118130,118131],{"id":49315},"Tuple",[33,118133,118135],{"className":35,"code":118134,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[17,118136,118137,118157,118171],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118138,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118140,4160],{"class":114},[42,118142,88],{"class":87},[42,118144,9586],{"class":56},[42,118146,2387],{"class":2348},[42,118148,70],{"class":56},[42,118150,5842],{"class":2348},[42,118152,70],{"class":56},[42,118154,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118156,143],{"class":56},[42,118158,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118160,284],{"class":52},[42,118162,57],{"class":56},[42,118164,74876],{"class":52},[42,118166,57],{"class":56},[42,118168,5702],{"class":125},[42,118170,842],{"class":56},[42,118172,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,118174,284],{"class":52},[42,118176,57],{"class":56},[42,118178,835],{"class":834},[42,118180,57],{"class":56},[42,118182,74876],{"class":52},[42,118184,57],{"class":56},[42,118186,5702],{"class":125},[42,118188,3243],{"class":56},[14,118190,2395],{},[33,118192,118194],{"className":35,"code":118193,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,118195,118196,118212],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118197,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118199,4238],{"class":56},[42,118201,3320],{"class":2348},[42,118203,70],{"class":56},[42,118205,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118207,70],{"class":56},[42,118209,2781],{"class":2348},[42,118211,3970],{"class":56},[42,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118215,855],{"class":87},[42,118217,859],{"class":858},[42,118219,862],{"class":60},[42,118221,8443],{"class":64},[42,118223,868],{"class":60},[42,118225,871],{"class":87},[1073,118227,118228],{"id":6633},"Set",[33,118230,118232],{"className":35,"code":118231,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[17,118233,118234,118254],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118235,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118237,4160],{"class":114},[42,118239,88],{"class":87},[42,118241,10842],{"class":56},[42,118243,2387],{"class":2348},[42,118245,70],{"class":56},[42,118247,5842],{"class":2348},[42,118249,70],{"class":56},[42,118251,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118253,9659],{"class":56},[42,118255,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118257,284],{"class":52},[42,118259,57],{"class":56},[42,118261,74876],{"class":52},[42,118263,57],{"class":56},[42,118265,5702],{"class":125},[42,118267,842],{"class":56},[14,118269,2395],{},[33,118271,118272],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,118273,118274],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118275,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118277,4238],{"class":56},[42,118279,3320],{"class":2348},[42,118281,70],{"class":56},[42,118283,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118285,70],{"class":56},[42,118287,2781],{"class":2348},[42,118289,3970],{"class":56},[1073,118291,118292],{"id":61538},"String",[33,118294,118296],{"className":35,"code":118295,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[17,118297,118298,118310],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118299,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118301,35048],{"class":114},[42,118303,88],{"class":87},[42,118305,73],{"class":60},[42,118307,37],{"class":64},[42,118309,3689],{"class":60},[42,118311,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118313,284],{"class":52},[42,118315,57],{"class":56},[42,118317,74876],{"class":52},[42,118319,57],{"class":56},[42,118321,444],{"class":125},[42,118323,842],{"class":56},[14,118325,2395],{},[33,118327,118328],{"className":35,"code":79756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,118329,118330],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118331,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118333,4238],{"class":56},[42,118335,868],{"class":60},[42,118337,60804],{"class":64},[42,118339,868],{"class":60},[42,118341,70],{"class":56},[42,118343,862],{"class":60},[42,118345,76392],{"class":64},[42,118347,868],{"class":60},[42,118349,70],{"class":56},[42,118351,862],{"class":60},[42,118353,60839],{"class":64},[42,118355,868],{"class":60},[42,118357,70],{"class":56},[42,118359,862],{"class":60},[42,118361,14],{"class":64},[42,118363,868],{"class":60},[42,118365,70],{"class":56},[42,118367,862],{"class":60},[42,118369,63651],{"class":64},[42,118371,868],{"class":60},[42,118373,70],{"class":56},[42,118375,862],{"class":60},[42,118377,12100],{"class":64},[42,118379,868],{"class":60},[42,118381,3970],{"class":56},[1073,118383,29582],{"id":15962},[14,118385,63904,118386,118388],{},[17,118387,74786],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[33,118390,118392],{"className":35,"code":118391,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[17,118393,118394,118446],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118395,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118397,13562],{"class":114},[42,118399,88],{"class":87},[42,118401,10842],{"class":56},[42,118403,61],{"class":60},[42,118405,8016],{"class":64},[42,118407,61],{"class":60},[42,118409,1935],{"class":56},[42,118411,73],{"class":60},[42,118413,13237],{"class":64},[42,118415,61],{"class":60},[42,118417,70],{"class":56},[42,118419,73],{"class":60},[42,118421,9649],{"class":64},[42,118423,61],{"class":60},[42,118425,1935],{"class":56},[42,118427,8139],{"class":2348},[42,118429,70],{"class":56},[42,118431,73],{"class":60},[42,118433,10760],{"class":64},[42,118435,61],{"class":60},[42,118437,1935],{"class":56},[42,118439,73],{"class":60},[42,118441,16389],{"class":64},[42,118443,61],{"class":60},[42,118445,9659],{"class":56},[42,118447,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118449,284],{"class":52},[42,118451,57],{"class":56},[42,118453,74876],{"class":52},[42,118455,57],{"class":56},[42,118457,17666],{"class":125},[42,118459,842],{"class":56},[14,118461,2395],{},[33,118463,118465],{"className":35,"code":118464,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[17,118466,118467],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118468,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118470,4238],{"class":56},[42,118472,868],{"class":60},[42,118474,9649],{"class":64},[42,118476,868],{"class":60},[42,118478,70],{"class":56},[42,118480,862],{"class":60},[42,118482,10760],{"class":64},[42,118484,868],{"class":60},[42,118486,70],{"class":56},[42,118488,862],{"class":60},[42,118490,8016],{"class":64},[42,118492,868],{"class":60},[42,118494,3970],{"class":56},[28,118496,1940,118498],{"id":118497},"using-reversetrue",[17,118499,78453],{},[14,118501,146,118502,118504],{},[17,118503,78453],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[33,118506,118508],{"className":35,"code":118507,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[17,118509,118510,118530,118534,118548],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118513,3952],{"class":114},[42,118515,88],{"class":87},[42,118517,3957],{"class":56},[42,118519,2387],{"class":2348},[42,118521,70],{"class":56},[42,118523,5842],{"class":2348},[42,118525,70],{"class":56},[42,118527,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118529,3970],{"class":56},[42,118531,118532],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118533,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,118535,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,118537,284],{"class":52},[42,118539,57],{"class":56},[42,118541,74876],{"class":52},[42,118543,57],{"class":56},[42,118545,3984],{"class":125},[42,118547,842],{"class":56},[42,118549,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,118551,284],{"class":52},[42,118553,57],{"class":56},[42,118555,74876],{"class":52},[42,118557,57],{"class":56},[42,118559,3984],{"class":125},[42,118561,70],{"class":56},[42,118563,78432],{"class":83},[42,118565,88],{"class":87},[42,118567,3937],{"class":4190},[42,118569,842],{"class":56},[14,118571,2395],{},[33,118573,118575],{"className":35,"code":118574,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,118576,118577,118593],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118578,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118580,4238],{"class":56},[42,118582,3320],{"class":2348},[42,118584,70],{"class":56},[42,118586,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118588,70],{"class":56},[42,118590,2781],{"class":2348},[42,118592,3970],{"class":56},[42,118594,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118596,4238],{"class":56},[42,118598,2387],{"class":2348},[42,118600,70],{"class":56},[42,118602,3325],{"class":2348},[42,118604,70],{"class":56},[42,118606,5842],{"class":2348},[42,118608,3970],{"class":56},[14,118610,118611],{},"This also works with strings:",[33,118613,118615],{"className":35,"code":118614,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[17,118616,118617,118649,118653,118667],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118618,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118620,4409],{"class":114},[42,118622,88],{"class":87},[42,118624,3957],{"class":56},[42,118626,61],{"class":60},[42,118628,4418],{"class":64},[42,118630,61],{"class":60},[42,118632,70],{"class":56},[42,118634,73],{"class":60},[42,118636,4427],{"class":64},[42,118638,61],{"class":60},[42,118640,70],{"class":56},[42,118642,73],{"class":60},[42,118644,4436],{"class":64},[42,118646,61],{"class":60},[42,118648,3970],{"class":56},[42,118650,118651],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118652,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,118654,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,118656,284],{"class":52},[42,118658,57],{"class":56},[42,118660,74876],{"class":52},[42,118662,57],{"class":56},[42,118664,4453],{"class":125},[42,118666,842],{"class":56},[42,118668,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,118670,284],{"class":52},[42,118672,57],{"class":56},[42,118674,74876],{"class":52},[42,118676,57],{"class":56},[42,118678,4453],{"class":125},[42,118680,70],{"class":56},[42,118682,78432],{"class":83},[42,118684,88],{"class":87},[42,118686,3937],{"class":4190},[42,118688,842],{"class":56},[14,118690,2395],{},[33,118692,118693],{"className":35,"code":74520,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,118694,118695,118723],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118696,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118698,4238],{"class":56},[42,118700,868],{"class":60},[42,118702,4418],{"class":64},[42,118704,868],{"class":60},[42,118706,70],{"class":56},[42,118708,862],{"class":60},[42,118710,4427],{"class":64},[42,118712,868],{"class":60},[42,118714,70],{"class":56},[42,118716,862],{"class":60},[42,118718,4436],{"class":64},[42,118720,868],{"class":60},[42,118722,3970],{"class":56},[42,118724,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118726,4238],{"class":56},[42,118728,868],{"class":60},[42,118730,4436],{"class":64},[42,118732,868],{"class":60},[42,118734,70],{"class":56},[42,118736,862],{"class":60},[42,118738,4427],{"class":64},[42,118740,868],{"class":60},[42,118742,70],{"class":56},[42,118744,862],{"class":60},[42,118746,4418],{"class":64},[42,118748,868],{"class":60},[42,118750,3970],{"class":56},[28,118752,1940,118754,118757],{"id":118753},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[17,118755,118756],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118759,2303,118760,118762],{},[17,118761,118756],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118764,118765],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118767,118768],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[33,118770,118772],{"className":35,"code":118771,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[17,118773,118774,118814,118818,118840],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118775,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118777,4409],{"class":114},[42,118779,88],{"class":87},[42,118781,3957],{"class":56},[42,118783,61],{"class":60},[42,118785,79106],{"class":64},[42,118787,61],{"class":60},[42,118789,70],{"class":56},[42,118791,73],{"class":60},[42,118793,38720],{"class":64},[42,118795,61],{"class":60},[42,118797,70],{"class":56},[42,118799,73],{"class":60},[42,118801,4427],{"class":64},[42,118803,61],{"class":60},[42,118805,70],{"class":56},[42,118807,73],{"class":60},[42,118809,38703],{"class":64},[42,118811,61],{"class":60},[42,118813,3970],{"class":56},[42,118815,118816],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118817,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,118819,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,118821,2555],{"class":114},[42,118823,88],{"class":87},[42,118825,74920],{"class":52},[42,118827,57],{"class":56},[42,118829,4453],{"class":125},[42,118831,70],{"class":56},[42,118833,21937],{"class":83},[42,118835,88],{"class":87},[42,118837,11515],{"class":52},[42,118839,143],{"class":56},[42,118841,118842,118844,118846,118848],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,118843,284],{"class":52},[42,118845,57],{"class":56},[42,118847,2592],{"class":125},[42,118849,143],{"class":56},[14,118851,2395],{},[33,118853,118855],{"className":35,"code":118854,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[17,118856,118857],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118858,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118860,4238],{"class":56},[42,118862,868],{"class":60},[42,118864,38720],{"class":64},[42,118866,868],{"class":60},[42,118868,70],{"class":56},[42,118870,862],{"class":60},[42,118872,79106],{"class":64},[42,118874,868],{"class":60},[42,118876,70],{"class":56},[42,118878,862],{"class":60},[42,118880,38703],{"class":64},[42,118882,868],{"class":60},[42,118884,70],{"class":56},[42,118886,862],{"class":60},[42,118888,4427],{"class":64},[42,118890,868],{"class":60},[42,118892,3970],{"class":56},[14,118894,21129,118895,118897],{},[17,118896,11515],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118899,118900],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[33,118902,118904],{"className":35,"code":118903,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[17,118905,118906,118939,118943,118969],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118907,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118935,118937],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118909,4409],{"class":114},[42,118911,88],{"class":87},[42,118913,3957],{"class":56},[42,118915,61],{"class":60},[42,118917,83725],{"class":64},[42,118919,61],{"class":60},[42,118921,70],{"class":56},[42,118923,73],{"class":60},[42,118925,4418],{"class":64},[42,118927,61],{"class":60},[42,118929,70],{"class":56},[42,118931,73],{"class":60},[42,118933,118934],{"class":64},"Cherry",[42,118936,61],{"class":60},[42,118938,3970],{"class":56},[42,118940,118941],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,118942,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,118944,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,118946,2555],{"class":114},[42,118948,88],{"class":87},[42,118950,74920],{"class":52},[42,118952,57],{"class":56},[42,118954,4453],{"class":125},[42,118956,70],{"class":56},[42,118958,21937],{"class":83},[42,118960,88],{"class":87},[42,118962,3775],{"class":834},[42,118964,122],{"class":56},[42,118966,8990],{"class":2022},[42,118968,143],{"class":56},[42,118970,118971,118973,118975,118977],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,118972,284],{"class":52},[42,118974,57],{"class":56},[42,118976,2592],{"class":125},[42,118978,143],{"class":56},[14,118980,2395],{},[33,118982,118984],{"className":35,"code":118983,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[17,118985,118986],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,118987,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,118989,4238],{"class":56},[42,118991,868],{"class":60},[42,118993,4418],{"class":64},[42,118995,868],{"class":60},[42,118997,70],{"class":56},[42,118999,862],{"class":60},[42,119001,83725],{"class":64},[42,119003,868],{"class":60},[42,119005,70],{"class":56},[42,119007,862],{"class":60},[42,119009,118934],{"class":64},[42,119011,868],{"class":60},[42,119013,3970],{"class":56},[14,119015,119016,119017,35688,119019,122],{},"You can learn more about ",[17,119018,42724],{},[693,119020,3908,119021,3841],{"href":42721},[17,119022,42724],{},[28,119024,119026,10937,119028],{"id":119025},"sorted-vs-listsort",[17,119027,74786],{},[17,119029,78229],{},[14,119031,119032],{},"The main difference is this:",[167,119034,119035,119040],{},[170,119036,119037,119039],{},[17,119038,74786],{}," returns a new list",[170,119041,119042,74324],{},[17,119043,78229],{},[14,119045,119046],{},"Also:",[167,119048,119049,119054],{},[170,119050,119051,119053],{},[17,119052,74786],{}," works with many iterables",[170,119055,119056,79662],{},[17,119057,78229],{},[14,119059,146,119060,10953],{},[17,119061,74786],{},[167,119063,119064,119067],{},[170,119065,119066],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[170,119068,119069],{},"your data is not a list",[14,119071,119072,119073,122],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[693,119074,3908,119075,10937,119077,6128],{"href":79487},[17,119076,74786],{},[17,119078,78229],{},[28,119080,119082],{"id":119081},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,119084,119085,119086,122],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[17,119087,74786],{},[1073,119089,119091],{"id":119090},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,119093,119094,119095,1935],{},"This can raise a ",[17,119096,3338],{},[33,119098,119100],{"className":35,"code":119099,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[17,119101,119102,119126],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119103,119104,119106,119108,119110,119112,119114,119116,119118,119120,119122,119124],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119105,4160],{"class":114},[42,119107,88],{"class":87},[42,119109,3957],{"class":56},[42,119111,3320],{"class":2348},[42,119113,70],{"class":56},[42,119115,73],{"class":60},[42,119117,2381],{"class":64},[42,119119,61],{"class":60},[42,119121,70],{"class":56},[42,119123,2781],{"class":2348},[42,119125,3970],{"class":56},[42,119127,119128,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119129,284],{"class":52},[42,119131,57],{"class":56},[42,119133,74876],{"class":52},[42,119135,57],{"class":56},[42,119137,5702],{"class":125},[42,119139,842],{"class":56},[14,119141,119142],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1073,119144,119146,119147,2631],{"id":119145},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[17,119148,15198],{},[14,119150,119151],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,119153,219],{},[33,119155,119157],{"className":35,"code":119156,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[17,119158,119159,119179],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119160,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119162,3952],{"class":114},[42,119164,88],{"class":87},[42,119166,3957],{"class":56},[42,119168,2659],{"class":2348},[42,119170,70],{"class":56},[42,119172,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119174,70],{"class":56},[42,119176,8144],{"class":2348},[42,119178,3970],{"class":56},[42,119180,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119182,284],{"class":52},[42,119184,57],{"class":56},[42,119186,74876],{"class":52},[42,119188,57],{"class":56},[42,119190,3984],{"class":125},[42,119192,70],{"class":56},[42,119194,21937],{"class":83},[42,119196,88],{"class":87},[42,119198,11515],{"class":52},[42,119200,842],{"class":56},[14,119202,48872,119203,119205],{},[17,119204,42724],{}," does not work on integers.",[1073,119207,119209],{"id":119208},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,119211,119212],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[33,119214,119216],{"className":35,"code":119215,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,119217,119218,119238,119248,119252],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119219,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230,119232,119234,119236],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119221,3952],{"class":114},[42,119223,88],{"class":87},[42,119225,3957],{"class":56},[42,119227,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119229,70],{"class":56},[42,119231,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119233,70],{"class":56},[42,119235,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119237,3970],{"class":56},[42,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119241,74876],{"class":52},[42,119243,57],{"class":56},[42,119245,3984],{"class":125},[42,119247,143],{"class":56},[42,119249,119250],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,119251,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,119253,119254,119256,119258,119260],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,119255,284],{"class":52},[42,119257,57],{"class":56},[42,119259,3984],{"class":125},[42,119261,143],{"class":56},[14,119263,2395],{},[33,119265,119267],{"className":35,"code":119266,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[17,119268,119269],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119270,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119272,4238],{"class":56},[42,119274,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119276,70],{"class":56},[42,119278,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119280,70],{"class":56},[42,119282,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119284,3970],{"class":56},[14,119286,119287],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[28,119289,1929],{"id":1928},[167,119291,119292,119296,119299,119304,119308],{},[170,119293,4920,119294,74324],{},[17,119295,74786],{},[170,119297,119298],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[170,119300,5045,119301,119303],{},[17,119302,74786],{}," always returns a list",[170,119305,1940,119306,23461],{},[17,119307,118756],{},[170,119309,30009,119310,119312,119313],{},[17,119311,64676],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[17,119314,74786],{},[14,119316,119317],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[33,119319,119321],{"className":35,"code":119320,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[17,119322,119323,119345,119371,119409],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119326,284],{"class":52},[42,119328,57],{"class":56},[42,119330,74876],{"class":52},[42,119332,3317],{"class":56},[42,119334,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119336,70],{"class":56},[42,119338,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119340,70],{"class":56},[42,119342,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119344,3332],{"class":56},[42,119346,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119348,284],{"class":52},[42,119350,57],{"class":56},[42,119352,835],{"class":834},[42,119354,57],{"class":56},[42,119356,74876],{"class":52},[42,119358,5855],{"class":56},[42,119360,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119362,70],{"class":56},[42,119364,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119366,70],{"class":56},[42,119368,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119370,93464],{"class":56},[42,119372,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,119374,284],{"class":52},[42,119376,57],{"class":56},[42,119378,74876],{"class":52},[42,119380,3317],{"class":56},[42,119382,868],{"class":60},[42,119384,83725],{"class":64},[42,119386,868],{"class":60},[42,119388,70],{"class":56},[42,119390,862],{"class":60},[42,119392,4418],{"class":64},[42,119394,868],{"class":60},[42,119396,18421],{"class":56},[42,119398,21937],{"class":83},[42,119400,88],{"class":87},[42,119402,3775],{"class":834},[42,119404,122],{"class":56},[42,119406,8990],{"class":2022},[42,119408,842],{"class":56},[42,119410,119411,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,119412,284],{"class":52},[42,119414,57],{"class":56},[42,119416,74876],{"class":52},[42,119418,3317],{"class":56},[42,119420,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119422,70],{"class":56},[42,119424,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119426,70],{"class":56},[42,119428,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119430,18421],{"class":56},[42,119432,78432],{"class":83},[42,119434,88],{"class":87},[42,119436,3937],{"class":4190},[42,119438,842],{"class":56},[14,119440,119441,119442,122],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[693,119443,53135],{"href":51342},[28,119445,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,119447,13060,119449,57528],{"id":119448},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[17,119450,74786],{},[14,119452,119453],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1073,119455,5485,119457,13072],{"id":119456},"what-does-sorted-return",[17,119458,74786],{},[14,119460,119461],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1073,119463,119465,119466,11445,119468,2823],{"id":119464},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[17,119467,74786],{},[17,119469,78229],{},[14,119471,146,119472,119474],{},[17,119473,74786],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1073,119476,5485,119478,86812,119480,2823],{"id":119477},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[17,119479,118756],{},[17,119481,74786],{},[14,119483,119484],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1073,119486,5501,119488,119490,119491,2823],{"id":119487},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[17,119489,74786],{}," give a ",[17,119492,3338],{},[14,119494,119495],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[28,119497,2205],{"id":2204},[167,119499,119500,119504,119512,119516,119522,119528],{},[170,119501,119502],{},[693,119503,80235],{"href":78738},[170,119505,119506],{},[693,119507,3908,119508,10937,119510,6128],{"href":79487},[17,119509,74786],{},[17,119511,78229],{},[170,119513,119514],{},[693,119515,53135],{"href":51342},[170,119517,119518],{},[693,119519,3908,119520,3841],{"href":42721},[17,119521,42724],{},[170,119523,119524],{},[693,119525,3908,119526,3841],{"href":92120},[17,119527,36108],{},[170,119529,119530],{},[693,119531,3908,119532,3841],{"href":36555},[17,119533,36558],{},[2245,119535,119536],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":119538},[119539,119540,119542,119545,119546,119553,119555,119557,119559,119565,119566,119578],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":117819,"depth":111,"text":119541},"What sorted() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":119543},[119544],{"id":17753,"depth":132,"text":17754},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":118058,"depth":111,"text":118059,"children":119547},[119548,119549,119550,119551,119552],{"id":8443,"depth":132,"text":118067},{"id":49315,"depth":132,"text":118131},{"id":6633,"depth":132,"text":118228},{"id":61538,"depth":132,"text":118292},{"id":15962,"depth":132,"text":29582},{"id":118497,"depth":111,"text":119554},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118753,"depth":111,"text":119556},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119025,"depth":111,"text":119558},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119081,"depth":111,"text":119082,"children":119560},[119561,119562,119564],{"id":119090,"depth":132,"text":119091},{"id":119145,"depth":132,"text":119563},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119208,"depth":132,"text":119209},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":119567},[119568,119570,119572,119574,119576],{"id":119448,"depth":132,"text":119569},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119456,"depth":132,"text":119571},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119464,"depth":132,"text":119573},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119477,"depth":132,"text":119575},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119487,"depth":132,"text":119577},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117721,"description":119579},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119586,"title":119587,"body":119588,"description":121699,"extension":2285,"meta":121700,"navigation":2287,"path":79487,"seo":121701,"stem":121702,"__hash__":121703},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119589,"toc":121646},[119590,119597,119600,119610,119616,119619,119637,119645,119647,119706,119714,119718,119740,119744,119748,119750,119767,119769,119781,119787,119871,119875,119922,119928,119935,119939,119944,119946,119958,119963,120016,120020,120040,120047,120054,120058,120061,120080,120084,120198,120202,120272,120274,120286,120291,120295,120308,120312,120387,120391,120430,120437,120443,120448,120452,120466,120470,120535,120539,120572,120575,120580,120588,120595,120608,120611,120615,120698,120702,120739,120743,120846,120850,120911,120916,120923,120927,120930,120936,120939,121006,121010,121034,121036,121054,121061,121114,121118,121138,121144,121146,121203,121210,121236,121241,121246,121254,121260,121320,121324,121371,121374,121376,121379,121405,121408,121501,121503,121523,121527,121530,121548,121554,121556,121564,121569,121576,121579,121585,121588,121594,121602,121610,121615,121617,121643],[10,119591,3908,119593,10937,119595,93178],{"id":119592},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[17,119594,74786],{},[17,119596,78229],{},[14,119598,119599],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[167,119601,119602,119606],{},[170,119603,119604],{},[17,119605,74786],{},[170,119607,119608],{},[17,119609,78229],{},[14,119611,119612,119613,119615],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[177,119614,179],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119617,119618],{},"The main difference is simple:",[167,119620,119621,119629],{},[170,119622,146,119623,119625,119626],{},[17,119624,74786],{}," when you want a ",[177,119627,119628],{},"new sorted result",[170,119630,146,119631,119633,119634],{},[17,119632,78229],{}," when you want to ",[177,119635,119636],{},"change the original list",[14,119638,119639,119640,2726,119642,119644],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[17,119641,78229],{},[17,119643,4115],{}," and causes confusion.",[28,119646,3942],{"id":3941},[33,119648,119650],{"className":35,"code":119649,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[17,119651,119652,119672,119676,119693],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119653,119654,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119655,3952],{"class":114},[42,119657,88],{"class":87},[42,119659,3957],{"class":56},[42,119661,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119663,70],{"class":56},[42,119665,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119667,70],{"class":56},[42,119669,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119671,3970],{"class":56},[42,119673,119674],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119675,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,119677,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,119679,56254],{"class":114},[42,119681,88],{"class":87},[42,119683,74920],{"class":52},[42,119685,57],{"class":56},[42,119687,3984],{"class":125},[42,119689,98],{"class":56},[42,119691,119692],{"class":525},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[42,119694,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,119696,3984],{"class":114},[42,119698,122],{"class":56},[42,119700,35159],{"class":125},[42,119702,7713],{"class":56},[42,119704,119705],{"class":525},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119707,146,119708,119710,119711,119713],{},[17,119709,74786],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[17,119712,78229],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[28,119715,119717],{"id":119716},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[167,119719,119720,119725,119730,119737],{},[170,119721,146,119722,119724],{},[17,119723,74786],{}," to get a new sorted list",[170,119726,146,119727,119729],{},[17,119728,78229],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[170,119731,119732,119733,2726,119735],{},"Understand why ",[17,119734,78229],{},[17,119736,4115],{},[170,119738,119739],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[28,119741,4013,119742,4016],{"id":117819},[17,119743,74786],{},[14,119745,119746,63290],{},[17,119747,74786],{},[14,119749,49289],{},[167,119751,119752,119758,119764],{},[170,119753,119754,119755],{},"returns a ",[177,119756,119757],{},"new list",[170,119759,119760,119761,119763],{},"does ",[177,119762,179],{}," change the original data",[170,119765,119766],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119768,51496],{},[167,119770,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779],{},[170,119772,5643],{},[170,119774,5646],{},[170,119776,5652],{},[170,119778,5649],{},[170,119780,36269],{},[1073,119782,35437,119784,119786],{"id":119783},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[17,119785,74786],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[33,119788,119790],{"className":35,"code":119789,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[17,119791,119792,119812,119816,119830,119834,119852],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119793,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119795,3952],{"class":114},[42,119797,88],{"class":87},[42,119799,3957],{"class":56},[42,119801,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119803,70],{"class":56},[42,119805,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119807,70],{"class":56},[42,119809,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119811,3970],{"class":56},[42,119813,119814],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119815,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,119817,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,119819,2555],{"class":114},[42,119821,88],{"class":87},[42,119823,74920],{"class":52},[42,119825,57],{"class":56},[42,119827,3984],{"class":125},[42,119829,143],{"class":56},[42,119831,119832],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,119833,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,119835,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,119837,284],{"class":52},[42,119839,57],{"class":56},[42,119841,61],{"class":60},[42,119843,12509],{"class":64},[42,119845,61],{"class":60},[42,119847,70],{"class":56},[42,119849,4603],{"class":125},[42,119851,143],{"class":56},[42,119853,119854,119856,119858,119860,119863,119865,119867,119869],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,119855,284],{"class":52},[42,119857,57],{"class":56},[42,119859,61],{"class":60},[42,119861,119862],{"class":64},"sorted result:",[42,119864,61],{"class":60},[42,119866,70],{"class":56},[42,119868,81579],{"class":125},[42,119870,143],{"class":56},[14,119872,119873],{},[177,119874,2395],{},[33,119876,119878],{"className":35,"code":119877,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[17,119879,119880,119900],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119881,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119883,12488],{"class":114},[42,119885,1935],{"class":56},[42,119887,3957],{"class":56},[42,119889,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119891,70],{"class":56},[42,119893,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119895,70],{"class":56},[42,119897,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119899,3970],{"class":56},[42,119901,119902,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119903,74876],{"class":52},[42,119905,81579],{"class":114},[42,119907,1935],{"class":56},[42,119909,3957],{"class":56},[42,119911,3320],{"class":2348},[42,119913,70],{"class":56},[42,119915,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119917,70],{"class":56},[42,119919,2781],{"class":2348},[42,119921,3970],{"class":56},[14,119923,119924,119925,119927],{},"The important part is that ",[17,119926,3984],{}," stays the same.",[14,119929,119930,119931,122],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[693,119932,3908,119933,3841],{"href":74883},[17,119934,74786],{},[28,119936,4013,119937,4016],{"id":78295},[17,119938,78229],{},[14,119940,119941,119943],{},[17,119942,64676],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119945,49289],{},[167,119947,119948,119951,119954],{},[170,119949,119950],{},"changes the original list directly",[170,119952,119953],{},"only works on lists",[170,119955,4028,119956],{},[17,119957,4115],{},[1073,119959,35437,119961,74324],{"id":119960},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[17,119962,78229],{},[33,119964,119966],{"className":35,"code":119965,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,119967,119968,119988,119992,120002,120006],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,119969,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,119971,3952],{"class":114},[42,119973,88],{"class":87},[42,119975,3957],{"class":56},[42,119977,2387],{"class":2348},[42,119979,70],{"class":56},[42,119981,5842],{"class":2348},[42,119983,70],{"class":56},[42,119985,3325],{"class":2348},[42,119987,3970],{"class":56},[42,119989,119990],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,119991,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,119993,119994,119996,119998,120000],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,119995,3984],{"class":114},[42,119997,122],{"class":56},[42,119999,35159],{"class":125},[42,120001,129],{"class":56},[42,120003,120004],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,120005,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120007,120008,120010,120012,120014],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,120009,284],{"class":52},[42,120011,57],{"class":56},[42,120013,3984],{"class":125},[42,120015,143],{"class":56},[14,120017,120018],{},[177,120019,2395],{},[33,120021,120022],{"className":35,"code":55514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,120023,120024],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120025,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120027,4238],{"class":56},[42,120029,3320],{"class":2348},[42,120031,70],{"class":56},[42,120033,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120035,70],{"class":56},[42,120037,2781],{"class":2348},[42,120039,3970],{"class":56},[14,120041,120042,120043,120046],{},"After calling ",[17,120044,120045],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,120048,120049,120050,122],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[693,120051,3908,120052,11093],{"href":75137},[17,120053,78229],{},[28,120055,120057],{"id":120056},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,120059,120060],{},"Here is the core difference:",[167,120062,120063,120072],{},[170,120064,120065,120068,120069],{},[17,120066,120067],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[177,120070,120071],{},"new sorted list",[170,120073,120074,120077,120078,74694],{},[17,120075,120076],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[17,120079,8689],{},[1073,120081,120083],{"id":120082},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[33,120085,120087],{"className":35,"code":120086,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[17,120088,120089,120109,120113,120127,120146,120165,120169,120179],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120090,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120092,3952],{"class":114},[42,120094,88],{"class":87},[42,120096,3957],{"class":56},[42,120098,2461],{"class":2348},[42,120100,70],{"class":56},[42,120102,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120104,70],{"class":56},[42,120106,2787],{"class":2348},[42,120108,3970],{"class":56},[42,120110,120111],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120112,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120114,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,120116,2886],{"class":114},[42,120118,88],{"class":87},[42,120120,74920],{"class":52},[42,120122,57],{"class":56},[42,120124,3984],{"class":125},[42,120126,143],{"class":56},[42,120128,120129,120131,120133,120135,120138,120140,120142,120144],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,120130,284],{"class":52},[42,120132,57],{"class":56},[42,120134,61],{"class":60},[42,120136,120137],{"class":64},"numbers after sorted():",[42,120139,61],{"class":60},[42,120141,70],{"class":56},[42,120143,4603],{"class":125},[42,120145,143],{"class":56},[42,120147,120148,120150,120152,120154,120157,120159,120161,120163],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,120149,284],{"class":52},[42,120151,57],{"class":56},[42,120153,61],{"class":60},[42,120155,120156],{"class":64},"a:",[42,120158,61],{"class":60},[42,120160,70],{"class":56},[42,120162,57252],{"class":125},[42,120164,143],{"class":56},[42,120166,120167],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,120168,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120170,120171,120173,120175,120177],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,120172,3984],{"class":114},[42,120174,122],{"class":56},[42,120176,35159],{"class":125},[42,120178,129],{"class":56},[42,120180,120181,120183,120185,120187,120190,120192,120194,120196],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,120182,284],{"class":52},[42,120184,57],{"class":56},[42,120186,61],{"class":60},[42,120188,120189],{"class":64},"numbers after sort():",[42,120191,61],{"class":60},[42,120193,70],{"class":56},[42,120195,4603],{"class":125},[42,120197,143],{"class":56},[14,120199,120200],{},[177,120201,2395],{},[33,120203,120205],{"className":35,"code":120204,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[17,120206,120207,120230,120250],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120208,120209,120212,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120210,120211],{"class":114},"numbers after ",[42,120213,74876],{"class":52},[42,120215,29943],{"class":56},[42,120217,3957],{"class":56},[42,120219,2461],{"class":2348},[42,120221,70],{"class":56},[42,120223,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120225,70],{"class":56},[42,120227,2787],{"class":2348},[42,120229,3970],{"class":56},[42,120231,120232,120234,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120233,693],{"class":114},[42,120235,1935],{"class":56},[42,120237,3957],{"class":56},[42,120239,2381],{"class":2348},[42,120241,70],{"class":56},[42,120243,2787],{"class":2348},[42,120245,70],{"class":56},[42,120247,4946],{"class":2348},[42,120249,3970],{"class":56},[42,120251,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,120253,120211],{"class":114},[42,120255,35159],{"class":125},[42,120257,29943],{"class":56},[42,120259,3957],{"class":56},[42,120261,2381],{"class":2348},[42,120263,70],{"class":56},[42,120265,2787],{"class":2348},[42,120267,70],{"class":56},[42,120269,4946],{"class":2348},[42,120271,3970],{"class":56},[14,120273,11065],{},[167,120275,120276,120281],{},[170,120277,120278,120280],{},[17,120279,74786],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[170,120282,120283,120285],{},[17,120284,64676],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[28,120287,5303,120289],{"id":120288},"when-to-use-sorted",[17,120290,74786],{},[14,120292,146,120293,10953],{},[17,120294,74786],{},[167,120296,120297,120300,120302,120305],{},[170,120298,120299],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[170,120301,119069],{},[170,120303,120304],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[170,120306,120307],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1073,120309,120311],{"id":120310},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[33,120313,120315],{"className":35,"code":120314,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,120316,120317,120341,120345,120359,120363,120373],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120318,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120320,3952],{"class":114},[42,120322,88],{"class":87},[42,120324,9586],{"class":56},[42,120326,2836],{"class":2348},[42,120328,70],{"class":56},[42,120330,5842],{"class":2348},[42,120332,70],{"class":56},[42,120334,2781],{"class":2348},[42,120336,70],{"class":56},[42,120338,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120340,143],{"class":56},[42,120342,120343],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120344,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120346,120347,120349,120351,120353,120355,120357],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,120348,2555],{"class":114},[42,120350,88],{"class":87},[42,120352,74920],{"class":52},[42,120354,57],{"class":56},[42,120356,3984],{"class":125},[42,120358,143],{"class":56},[42,120360,120361],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,120362,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120364,120365,120367,120369,120371],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,120366,284],{"class":52},[42,120368,57],{"class":56},[42,120370,2592],{"class":125},[42,120372,143],{"class":56},[42,120374,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,120376,284],{"class":52},[42,120378,57],{"class":56},[42,120380,835],{"class":834},[42,120382,57],{"class":56},[42,120384,2592],{"class":125},[42,120386,842],{"class":56},[14,120388,120389],{},[177,120390,2395],{},[33,120392,120394],{"className":35,"code":120393,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,120395,120396,120416],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120397,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120399,4238],{"class":56},[42,120401,3320],{"class":2348},[42,120403,70],{"class":56},[42,120405,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120407,70],{"class":56},[42,120409,2781],{"class":2348},[42,120411,70],{"class":56},[42,120413,2787],{"class":2348},[42,120415,3970],{"class":56},[42,120417,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426,120428],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120419,855],{"class":87},[42,120421,859],{"class":858},[42,120423,862],{"class":60},[42,120425,8443],{"class":64},[42,120427,868],{"class":60},[42,120429,871],{"class":87},[14,120431,2614,120432,120434,120435,122],{},[17,120433,74786],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[177,120436,8443],{},[14,120438,120439,120440,120442],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[693,120441,53135],{"href":51342}," is a helpful next step.",[28,120444,5303,120446],{"id":120445},"when-to-use-listsort",[17,120447,78229],{},[14,120449,146,120450,10953],{},[17,120451,78229],{},[167,120453,120454,120457,120460,120463],{},[170,120455,120456],{},"you already have a list",[170,120458,120459],{},"you want to update that list directly",[170,120461,120462],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[170,120464,120465],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1073,120467,120469],{"id":120468},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[33,120471,120473],{"className":35,"code":120472,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[17,120474,120475,120507,120511,120521,120525],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120476,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120478,5337],{"class":114},[42,120480,88],{"class":87},[42,120482,3957],{"class":56},[42,120484,61],{"class":60},[42,120486,5364],{"class":64},[42,120488,61],{"class":60},[42,120490,70],{"class":56},[42,120492,73],{"class":60},[42,120494,5346],{"class":64},[42,120496,61],{"class":60},[42,120498,70],{"class":56},[42,120500,73],{"class":60},[42,120502,5355],{"class":64},[42,120504,61],{"class":60},[42,120506,3970],{"class":56},[42,120508,120509],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120510,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120512,120513,120515,120517,120519],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,120514,5381],{"class":114},[42,120516,122],{"class":56},[42,120518,35159],{"class":125},[42,120520,129],{"class":56},[42,120522,120523],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,120524,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120526,120527,120529,120531,120533],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,120528,284],{"class":52},[42,120530,57],{"class":56},[42,120532,5381],{"class":125},[42,120534,143],{"class":56},[14,120536,120537],{},[177,120538,2395],{},[33,120540,120542],{"className":35,"code":120541,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[17,120543,120544],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120545,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120547,4238],{"class":56},[42,120549,868],{"class":60},[42,120551,5346],{"class":64},[42,120553,868],{"class":60},[42,120555,70],{"class":56},[42,120557,862],{"class":60},[42,120559,5355],{"class":64},[42,120561,868],{"class":60},[42,120563,70],{"class":56},[42,120565,862],{"class":60},[42,120567,5364],{"class":64},[42,120569,868],{"class":60},[42,120571,3970],{"class":56},[14,120573,120574],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120576,120577,120578,122],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[693,120579,80235],{"href":78738},[28,120581,120583,1753,120585,120587],{"id":120582},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[17,120584,73939],{},[17,120586,15198],{}," work with both",[14,120589,10942,120590,1753,120592,120594],{},[17,120591,74786],{},[17,120593,78229],{}," support:",[167,120596,120597,120602],{},[170,120598,120599,120601],{},[17,120600,78453],{}," for descending order",[170,120603,120604,120607],{},[17,120605,120606],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120609,120610],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1073,120612,120614],{"id":120613},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[33,120616,120618],{"className":35,"code":120617,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120619,120620,120640,120644,120666,120670,120688],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120621,120622,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120623,3952],{"class":114},[42,120625,88],{"class":87},[42,120627,3957],{"class":56},[42,120629,2387],{"class":2348},[42,120631,70],{"class":56},[42,120633,5842],{"class":2348},[42,120635,70],{"class":56},[42,120637,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120639,3970],{"class":56},[42,120641,120642],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120643,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120645,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662,120664],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,120647,284],{"class":52},[42,120649,57],{"class":56},[42,120651,74876],{"class":52},[42,120653,57],{"class":56},[42,120655,3984],{"class":125},[42,120657,70],{"class":56},[42,120659,78432],{"class":83},[42,120661,88],{"class":87},[42,120663,3937],{"class":4190},[42,120665,842],{"class":56},[42,120667,120668],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,120669,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120671,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,120673,3984],{"class":114},[42,120675,122],{"class":56},[42,120677,35159],{"class":125},[42,120679,57],{"class":56},[42,120681,73939],{"class":83},[42,120683,88],{"class":87},[42,120685,3937],{"class":4190},[42,120687,143],{"class":56},[42,120689,120690,120692,120694,120696],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,120691,284],{"class":52},[42,120693,57],{"class":56},[42,120695,3984],{"class":125},[42,120697,143],{"class":56},[14,120699,120700],{},[177,120701,2395],{},[33,120703,120705],{"className":35,"code":120704,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[17,120706,120707,120723],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120708,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719,120721],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120710,4238],{"class":56},[42,120712,2387],{"class":2348},[42,120714,70],{"class":56},[42,120716,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120718,70],{"class":56},[42,120720,5842],{"class":2348},[42,120722,3970],{"class":56},[42,120724,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120726,4238],{"class":56},[42,120728,2387],{"class":2348},[42,120730,70],{"class":56},[42,120732,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120734,70],{"class":56},[42,120736,5842],{"class":2348},[42,120738,3970],{"class":56},[1073,120740,120742],{"id":120741},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[33,120744,120746],{"className":35,"code":120745,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[17,120747,120748,120780,120784,120810,120814,120836],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120749,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120751,4409],{"class":114},[42,120753,88],{"class":87},[42,120755,3957],{"class":56},[42,120757,61],{"class":60},[42,120759,83725],{"class":64},[42,120761,61],{"class":60},[42,120763,70],{"class":56},[42,120765,73],{"class":60},[42,120767,4418],{"class":64},[42,120769,61],{"class":60},[42,120771,70],{"class":56},[42,120773,73],{"class":60},[42,120775,118934],{"class":64},[42,120777,61],{"class":60},[42,120779,3970],{"class":56},[42,120781,120782],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120783,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120785,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,120787,284],{"class":52},[42,120789,57],{"class":56},[42,120791,74876],{"class":52},[42,120793,57],{"class":56},[42,120795,4453],{"class":125},[42,120797,70],{"class":56},[42,120799,21937],{"class":83},[42,120801,88],{"class":87},[42,120803,3775],{"class":834},[42,120805,122],{"class":56},[42,120807,8990],{"class":2022},[42,120809,842],{"class":56},[42,120811,120812],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,120813,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120815,120816,120818,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,120817,4453],{"class":114},[42,120819,122],{"class":56},[42,120821,35159],{"class":125},[42,120823,57],{"class":56},[42,120825,15198],{"class":83},[42,120827,88],{"class":87},[42,120829,3775],{"class":834},[42,120831,122],{"class":56},[42,120833,8990],{"class":2022},[42,120835,143],{"class":56},[42,120837,120838,120840,120842,120844],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,120839,284],{"class":52},[42,120841,57],{"class":56},[42,120843,4453],{"class":125},[42,120845,143],{"class":56},[14,120847,120848],{},[177,120849,2395],{},[33,120851,120853],{"className":35,"code":120852,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[17,120854,120855,120883],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120856,120857,120859,120861,120863,120865,120867,120869,120871,120873,120875,120877,120879,120881],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120858,4238],{"class":56},[42,120860,868],{"class":60},[42,120862,4418],{"class":64},[42,120864,868],{"class":60},[42,120866,70],{"class":56},[42,120868,862],{"class":60},[42,120870,83725],{"class":64},[42,120872,868],{"class":60},[42,120874,70],{"class":56},[42,120876,862],{"class":60},[42,120878,118934],{"class":64},[42,120880,868],{"class":60},[42,120882,3970],{"class":56},[42,120884,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907,120909],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120886,4238],{"class":56},[42,120888,868],{"class":60},[42,120890,4418],{"class":64},[42,120892,868],{"class":60},[42,120894,70],{"class":56},[42,120896,862],{"class":60},[42,120898,83725],{"class":64},[42,120900,868],{"class":60},[42,120902,70],{"class":56},[42,120904,862],{"class":60},[42,120906,118934],{"class":64},[42,120908,868],{"class":60},[42,120910,3970],{"class":56},[14,120912,1940,120913,120915],{},[17,120914,78947],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120917,120918,120919,122],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[693,120920,120922],{"href":120921},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[28,120924,120926],{"id":120925},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120928,120929],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1073,120931,120933,120934,12953],{"id":120932},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[17,120935,78229],{},[14,120937,120938],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[33,120940,120942],{"className":35,"code":120941,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,120943,120944,120964,120968,120982,120986,120996],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,120945,120946,120948,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,120947,3952],{"class":114},[42,120949,88],{"class":87},[42,120951,3957],{"class":56},[42,120953,2387],{"class":2348},[42,120955,70],{"class":56},[42,120957,5842],{"class":2348},[42,120959,70],{"class":56},[42,120961,3325],{"class":2348},[42,120963,3970],{"class":56},[42,120965,120966],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,120967,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120969,120970,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,120971,2555],{"class":114},[42,120973,88],{"class":87},[42,120975,4603],{"class":114},[42,120977,122],{"class":56},[42,120979,35159],{"class":125},[42,120981,129],{"class":56},[42,120983,120984],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,120985,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,120987,120988,120990,120992,120994],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,120989,284],{"class":52},[42,120991,57],{"class":56},[42,120993,2592],{"class":125},[42,120995,143],{"class":56},[42,120997,120998,121000,121002,121004],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,120999,284],{"class":52},[42,121001,57],{"class":56},[42,121003,3984],{"class":125},[42,121005,143],{"class":56},[14,121007,121008],{},[177,121009,2395],{},[33,121011,121012],{"className":35,"code":79570,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,121013,121014,121018],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121015,121016],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121017,12163],{"class":4190},[42,121019,121020,121022,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121021,4238],{"class":56},[42,121023,3320],{"class":2348},[42,121025,70],{"class":56},[42,121027,3325],{"class":2348},[42,121029,70],{"class":56},[42,121031,2781],{"class":2348},[42,121033,3970],{"class":56},[14,121035,12255],{},[167,121037,121038,121043,121048],{},[170,121039,121040,121042],{},[17,121041,120045],{}," sorts the list in place",[170,121044,35374,121045,121047],{},[177,121046,179],{}," return the sorted list",[170,121049,90084,121050,42518,121052],{},[17,121051,2592],{},[17,121053,4115],{},[1073,121055,121057,121058,121060],{"id":121056},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[17,121059,74786],{}," to change the original list",[33,121062,121064],{"className":35,"code":121063,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,121065,121066,121086,121090,121100,121104],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121067,121068,121070,121072,121074,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121069,3952],{"class":114},[42,121071,88],{"class":87},[42,121073,3957],{"class":56},[42,121075,2387],{"class":2348},[42,121077,70],{"class":56},[42,121079,5842],{"class":2348},[42,121081,70],{"class":56},[42,121083,3325],{"class":2348},[42,121085,3970],{"class":56},[42,121087,121088],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121089,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,121091,121092,121094,121096,121098],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,121093,74876],{"class":52},[42,121095,57],{"class":56},[42,121097,3984],{"class":125},[42,121099,143],{"class":56},[42,121101,121102],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,121103,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,121105,121106,121108,121110,121112],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,121107,284],{"class":52},[42,121109,57],{"class":56},[42,121111,3984],{"class":125},[42,121113,143],{"class":56},[14,121115,121116],{},[177,121117,2395],{},[33,121119,121120],{"className":35,"code":119266,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,121121,121122],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121123,121124,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121125,4238],{"class":56},[42,121127,2387],{"class":2348},[42,121129,70],{"class":56},[42,121131,5842],{"class":2348},[42,121133,70],{"class":56},[42,121135,3325],{"class":2348},[42,121137,3970],{"class":56},[14,121139,121140,121143],{},[17,121141,121142],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,121145,11160],{},[33,121147,121149],{"className":35,"code":121148,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[17,121150,121151,121171,121175,121189,121193],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121152,121153,121155,121157,121159,121161,121163,121165,121167,121169],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121154,3952],{"class":114},[42,121156,88],{"class":87},[42,121158,3957],{"class":56},[42,121160,2387],{"class":2348},[42,121162,70],{"class":56},[42,121164,5842],{"class":2348},[42,121166,70],{"class":56},[42,121168,3325],{"class":2348},[42,121170,3970],{"class":56},[42,121172,121173],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121174,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,121176,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,121178,56006],{"class":114},[42,121180,88],{"class":87},[42,121182,74920],{"class":52},[42,121184,57],{"class":56},[42,121186,3984],{"class":125},[42,121188,143],{"class":56},[42,121190,121191],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,121192,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,121194,121195,121197,121199,121201],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,121196,284],{"class":52},[42,121198,57],{"class":56},[42,121200,56025],{"class":125},[42,121202,143],{"class":56},[1073,121204,121206,121207,121209],{"id":121205},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[17,121208,64676],{}," on a tuple or string",[33,121211,121212],{"className":35,"code":79672,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,121213,121214,121226],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121215,121216,121218,121220,121222,121224],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121217,35048],{"class":114},[42,121219,88],{"class":87},[42,121221,73],{"class":60},[42,121223,37],{"class":64},[42,121225,3689],{"class":60},[42,121227,121228,121230,121232,121234],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121229,444],{"class":114},[42,121231,122],{"class":56},[42,121233,35159],{"class":125},[42,121235,129],{"class":56},[14,121237,121238,121239,33961],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[17,121240,64676],{},[14,121242,121243,121245],{},[17,121244,64676],{}," only works on lists.",[14,121247,121248,121249,121251,121252,122],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[17,121250,74786],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[693,121253,5479],{"href":5931},[1073,121255,121257,121258,119303],{"id":121256},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[17,121259,74786],{},[33,121261,121263],{"className":35,"code":121262,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,121264,121265,121278,121292,121296,121306],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121266,121267,121269,121271,121273,121276],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121268,35048],{"class":114},[42,121270,88],{"class":87},[42,121272,73],{"class":60},[42,121274,121275],{"class":64},"cab",[42,121277,3689],{"class":60},[42,121279,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288,121290],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121281,2555],{"class":114},[42,121283,88],{"class":87},[42,121285,74920],{"class":52},[42,121287,57],{"class":56},[42,121289,444],{"class":125},[42,121291,143],{"class":56},[42,121293,121294],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,121295,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,121297,121298,121300,121302,121304],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,121299,284],{"class":52},[42,121301,57],{"class":56},[42,121303,2592],{"class":125},[42,121305,143],{"class":56},[42,121307,121308,121310,121312,121314,121316,121318],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,121309,284],{"class":52},[42,121311,57],{"class":56},[42,121313,835],{"class":834},[42,121315,57],{"class":56},[42,121317,2592],{"class":125},[42,121319,842],{"class":56},[14,121321,121322],{},[177,121323,2395],{},[33,121325,121327],{"className":35,"code":121326,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,121328,121329,121357],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121330,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351,121353,121355],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121332,4238],{"class":56},[42,121334,868],{"class":60},[42,121336,693],{"class":64},[42,121338,868],{"class":60},[42,121340,70],{"class":56},[42,121342,862],{"class":60},[42,121344,5102],{"class":64},[42,121346,868],{"class":60},[42,121348,70],{"class":56},[42,121350,862],{"class":60},[42,121352,10090],{"class":64},[42,121354,868],{"class":60},[42,121356,3970],{"class":56},[42,121358,121359,121361,121363,121365,121367,121369],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121360,855],{"class":87},[42,121362,859],{"class":858},[42,121364,862],{"class":60},[42,121366,8443],{"class":64},[42,121368,868],{"class":60},[42,121370,871],{"class":87},[14,121372,121373],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[28,121375,113824],{"id":113823},[14,121377,121378],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[167,121380,121381,121384,121389,121394,121400],{},[170,121382,121383],{},"confusing a function with a method",[170,121385,121386,121387,54008],{},"not knowing that ",[17,121388,64676],{},[170,121390,121391,121392,12953],{},"assigning the result of ",[17,121393,78229],{},[170,121395,121396,121397,121399],{},"trying to use ",[17,121398,64676],{}," on non-list data types",[170,121401,50868,121402,121404],{},[17,121403,74786],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,121406,121407],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[33,121409,121411],{"className":35,"code":121410,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[17,121412,121413,121423,121437,121462,121477,121487],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121414,121415,121417,121419,121421],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121416,284],{"class":52},[42,121418,57],{"class":56},[42,121420,8689],{"class":125},[42,121422,143],{"class":56},[42,121424,121425,121427,121429,121431,121433,121435],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121426,284],{"class":52},[42,121428,57],{"class":56},[42,121430,74876],{"class":52},[42,121432,57],{"class":56},[42,121434,8689],{"class":125},[42,121436,842],{"class":56},[42,121438,121439,121441,121443,121445,121447,121449,121451,121454,121456,121458,121460],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,121440,2555],{"class":114},[42,121442,88],{"class":87},[42,121444,8746],{"class":114},[42,121446,122],{"class":56},[42,121448,35159],{"class":125},[42,121450,7713],{"class":56},[42,121452,121453],{"class":114},"; ",[42,121455,284],{"class":52},[42,121457,57],{"class":56},[42,121459,2592],{"class":125},[42,121461,143],{"class":56},[42,121463,121464,121466,121468,121470,121472,121475],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,121465,284],{"class":52},[42,121467,57],{"class":56},[42,121469,835],{"class":834},[42,121471,57],{"class":56},[42,121473,121474],{"class":125},"my_data",[42,121476,842],{"class":56},[42,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,121480,32512],{"class":52},[42,121482,57],{"class":56},[42,121484,74876],{"class":52},[42,121486,143],{"class":56},[42,121488,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,121490,32512],{"class":52},[42,121492,57],{"class":56},[42,121494,8443],{"class":834},[42,121496,122],{"class":56},[42,121498,35159],{"class":2022},[42,121500,143],{"class":56},[14,121502,84734],{},[167,121504,121505,121508,121512,121520],{},[170,121506,121507],{},"whether your original list changed",[170,121509,26377,121510,12060],{},[17,121511,74786],{},[170,121513,121514,121515,121517,121518],{},"whether ",[17,121516,64676],{}," returned ",[17,121519,4115],{},[170,121521,121522],{},"what type of object you are working with",[28,121524,121526],{"id":121525},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121528,121529],{},"Use this rule:",[167,121531,121532,121540],{},[170,121533,121534,121535,121537,121538],{},"Need a ",[177,121536,119628],{},": use ",[17,121539,74786],{},[170,121541,121542,121543,121537,121546],{},"Need to ",[177,121544,121545],{},"change one list directly",[17,121547,78229],{},[14,121549,121550,121551,121553],{},"For many beginners, ",[17,121552,74786],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[28,121555,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,121557,121559,121560,1327,121562,2823],{"id":121558},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[17,121561,74786],{},[17,121563,78229],{},[14,121565,121566,121568],{},[17,121567,74786],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1073,121570,5501,121572,5504,121574,2823],{"id":121571},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[17,121573,78229],{},[17,121575,4115],{},[14,121577,121578],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1073,121580,5513,121582,121584],{"id":121581},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[17,121583,74786],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121586,121587],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1073,121589,28687,121591,121593],{"id":121590},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[17,121592,64676],{}," on a string?",[14,121595,46728,121596,121598,121599,40292],{},[17,121597,64676],{}," is a list method. Use ",[17,121600,121601],{},"sorted(string)",[1073,121603,12174,121605,1753,121607,121609],{"id":121604},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[17,121606,74786],{},[17,121608,64676],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121611,121612,121613,122],{},"Yes. Both support ",[17,121614,78453],{},[28,121616,2205],{"id":2204},[167,121618,121619,121625,121631,121635,121639],{},[170,121620,121621],{},[693,121622,3908,121623,3841],{"href":74883},[17,121624,74786],{},[170,121626,121627],{},[693,121628,3908,121629,11093],{"href":75137},[17,121630,78229],{},[170,121632,121633],{},[693,121634,80235],{"href":78738},[170,121636,121637],{},[693,121638,120922],{"href":120921},[170,121640,121641],{},[693,121642,53135],{"href":51342},[2245,121644,121645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":121647},[121648,121649,121650,121654,121658,121661,121665,121669,121674,121684,121685,121686,121698],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":119716,"depth":111,"text":119717},{"id":117819,"depth":111,"text":119541,"children":121651},[121652],{"id":119783,"depth":132,"text":121653},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78295,"depth":111,"text":80257,"children":121655},[121656],{"id":119960,"depth":132,"text":121657},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120056,"depth":111,"text":120057,"children":121659},[121660],{"id":120082,"depth":132,"text":120083},{"id":120288,"depth":111,"text":121662,"children":121663},"When to use sorted()",[121664],{"id":120310,"depth":132,"text":120311},{"id":120445,"depth":111,"text":121666,"children":121667},"When to use list.sort()",[121668],{"id":120468,"depth":132,"text":120469},{"id":120582,"depth":111,"text":121670,"children":121671},"reverse and key work with both",[121672,121673],{"id":120613,"depth":132,"text":120614},{"id":120741,"depth":132,"text":120742},{"id":120925,"depth":111,"text":120926,"children":121675},[121676,121678,121680,121682],{"id":120932,"depth":132,"text":121677},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121056,"depth":132,"text":121679},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121205,"depth":132,"text":121681},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121256,"depth":132,"text":121683},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113823,"depth":111,"text":113824},{"id":121525,"depth":111,"text":121526},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":121687},[121688,121690,121692,121694,121696],{"id":121558,"depth":132,"text":121689},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121571,"depth":132,"text":121691},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121581,"depth":132,"text":121693},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121590,"depth":132,"text":121695},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121604,"depth":132,"text":121697},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119587,"description":121699},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121705,"title":42539,"body":121706,"description":123438,"extension":2285,"meta":123439,"navigation":2287,"path":123440,"seo":123441,"stem":123442,"__hash__":123443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121707,"toc":123395},[121708,121713,121718,121724,121726,121781,121785,121808,121813,121818,121823,121825,121856,121859,121873,121875,121877,121892,121897,121901,121904,121955,121959,121973,121980,121984,121988,122043,122047,122070,122074,122130,122134,122157,122161,122216,122220,122243,122247,122314,122318,122353,122359,122364,122369,122371,122385,122387,122461,122465,122485,122490,122497,122500,122512,122514,122583,122587,122624,122627,122652,122659,122668,122671,122683,122689,122695,122697,122703,122708,122787,122791,122832,122836,122838,122865,122868,122891,122894,122900,122903,122940,122952,122959,122961,123012,123015,123047,123050,123052,123059,123061,123076,123078,123135,123139,123163,123165,123170,123186,123193,123197,123200,123283,123293,123295,123300,123303,123309,123312,123318,123321,123327,123330,123337,123345,123347,123392],[10,121709,3908,121711,3912],{"id":121710},"python-str-function-explained",[17,121712,48045],{},[14,121714,32677,121715,121717],{},[17,121716,48045],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121719,121720,121721,121723],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[17,121722,48045],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[28,121725,31],{"id":30},[33,121727,121729],{"className":35,"code":121728,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121730,121731,121739,121753,121757,121767],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121732,121733,121735,121737],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121734,21986],{"class":114},[42,121736,88],{"class":87},[42,121738,45588],{"class":2348},[42,121740,121741,121743,121745,121747,121749,121751],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121742,35048],{"class":114},[42,121744,88],{"class":87},[42,121746,49266],{"class":834},[42,121748,57],{"class":56},[42,121750,9649],{"class":125},[42,121752,143],{"class":56},[42,121754,121755],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,121756,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,121758,121759,121761,121763,121765],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,121760,284],{"class":52},[42,121762,57],{"class":56},[42,121764,444],{"class":125},[42,121766,143],{"class":56},[42,121768,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121779],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,121770,284],{"class":52},[42,121772,57],{"class":56},[42,121774,835],{"class":834},[42,121776,57],{"class":56},[42,121778,444],{"class":125},[42,121780,842],{"class":56},[14,121782,121783],{},[177,121784,2395],{},[33,121786,121788],{"className":35,"code":121787,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,121789,121790,121794],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121791,121792],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121793,3041],{"class":2348},[42,121795,121796,121798,121800,121802,121804,121806],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121797,855],{"class":87},[42,121799,859],{"class":858},[42,121801,862],{"class":60},[42,121803,3775],{"class":64},[42,121805,868],{"class":60},[42,121807,871],{"class":87},[14,121809,146,121810,121812],{},[17,121811,48045],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[28,121814,4013,121816,4016],{"id":121815},"what-str-does",[17,121817,48045],{},[14,121819,121820,121822],{},[17,121821,48045],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121824,2432],{},[167,121826,121827,121834,121841,121848],{},[170,121828,121829,121830,42518,121832],{},"An integer like ",[17,121831,2659],{},[17,121833,42489],{},[170,121835,121836,121837,42518,121839],{},"A float like ",[17,121838,40506],{},[17,121840,48456],{},[170,121842,121843,121844,42518,121846],{},"A boolean like ",[17,121845,3937],{},[17,121847,6988],{},[170,121849,121850,121851,42518,121853],{},"A list like ",[17,121852,75608],{},[17,121854,121855],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121857,121858],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[167,121860,121861,121864,121867,121870],{},[170,121862,121863],{},"print it",[170,121865,121866],{},"combine it with other strings",[170,121868,121869],{},"save it to a file",[170,121871,121872],{},"use it in messages",[28,121874,312],{"id":311},[14,121876,7565],{},[33,121878,121880],{"className":35,"code":121879,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"str(object)\n",[17,121881,121882],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121883,121884,121886,121888,121890],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121885,3775],{"class":834},[42,121887,57],{"class":56},[42,121889,42762],{"class":834},[42,121891,143],{"class":56},[14,121893,21129,121894,121896],{},[17,121895,42762],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121898,121899,8575],{},[17,121900,48045],{},[14,121902,121903],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[33,121905,121907],{"className":35,"code":121906,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,121908,121909,121918,121941,121945],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121910,121911,121913,121915],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121912,5438],{"class":114},[42,121914,88],{"class":87},[42,121916,121917],{"class":2348}," 100\n",[42,121919,121920,121922,121924,121926,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,121921,90104],{"class":114},[42,121923,88],{"class":87},[42,121925,73],{"class":60},[42,121927,121928],{"class":64},"Your score is ",[42,121930,61],{"class":60},[42,121932,2784],{"class":87},[42,121934,49266],{"class":834},[42,121936,57],{"class":56},[42,121938,85881],{"class":125},[42,121940,143],{"class":56},[42,121942,121943],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,121944,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,121946,121947,121949,121951,121953],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,121948,284],{"class":52},[42,121950,57],{"class":56},[42,121952,90121],{"class":125},[42,121954,143],{"class":56},[14,121956,121957],{},[177,121958,2395],{},[33,121960,121962],{"className":35,"code":121961,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Your score is 100\n",[17,121963,121964],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121965,121966,121969,121971],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121967,121968],{"class":114},"Your score ",[42,121970,12549],{"class":87},[42,121972,121917],{"class":2348},[14,121974,2624,121975,121979],{},[693,121976,121977,2631],{"href":2627},[17,121978,2630],{}," can help you check.",[28,121981,121983],{"id":121982},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1073,121985,121987],{"id":121986},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[33,121989,121991],{"className":35,"code":121990,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,121992,121993,122001,122015,122019,122029],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,121994,121995,121997,121999],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,121996,2542],{"class":114},[42,121998,88],{"class":87},[42,122000,2919],{"class":2348},[42,122002,122003,122005,122007,122009,122011,122013],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122004,35048],{"class":114},[42,122006,88],{"class":87},[42,122008,49266],{"class":834},[42,122010,57],{"class":56},[42,122012,2565],{"class":125},[42,122014,143],{"class":56},[42,122016,122017],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122018,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122020,122021,122023,122025,122027],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122022,284],{"class":52},[42,122024,57],{"class":56},[42,122026,444],{"class":125},[42,122028,143],{"class":56},[42,122030,122031,122033,122035,122037,122039,122041],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,122032,284],{"class":52},[42,122034,57],{"class":56},[42,122036,835],{"class":834},[42,122038,57],{"class":56},[42,122040,444],{"class":125},[42,122042,842],{"class":56},[14,122044,122045],{},[177,122046,2395],{},[33,122048,122050],{"className":35,"code":122049,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122051,122052,122056],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122053,122054],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122055,2705],{"class":2348},[42,122057,122058,122060,122062,122064,122066,122068],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122059,855],{"class":87},[42,122061,859],{"class":858},[42,122063,862],{"class":60},[42,122065,3775],{"class":64},[42,122067,868],{"class":60},[42,122069,871],{"class":87},[1073,122071,122073],{"id":122072},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[33,122075,122077],{"className":35,"code":122076,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122078,122079,122088,122102,122106,122116],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122080,122081,122083,122085],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122082,40750],{"class":114},[42,122084,88],{"class":87},[42,122086,122087],{"class":2348}," 3.14\n",[42,122089,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122091,35048],{"class":114},[42,122093,88],{"class":87},[42,122095,49266],{"class":834},[42,122097,57],{"class":56},[42,122099,25507],{"class":125},[42,122101,143],{"class":56},[42,122103,122104],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122105,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122107,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122109,284],{"class":52},[42,122111,57],{"class":56},[42,122113,444],{"class":125},[42,122115,143],{"class":56},[42,122117,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126,122128],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,122119,284],{"class":52},[42,122121,57],{"class":56},[42,122123,835],{"class":834},[42,122125,57],{"class":56},[42,122127,444],{"class":125},[42,122129,842],{"class":56},[14,122131,122132],{},[177,122133,2395],{},[33,122135,122137],{"className":35,"code":122136,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122138,122139,122143],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122140,122141],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122142,40540],{"class":2348},[42,122144,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122146,855],{"class":87},[42,122148,859],{"class":858},[42,122150,862],{"class":60},[42,122152,3775],{"class":64},[42,122154,868],{"class":60},[42,122156,871],{"class":87},[1073,122158,122160],{"id":122159},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[33,122162,122164],{"className":35,"code":122163,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122165,122166,122174,122188,122192,122202],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122167,122168,122170,122172],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122169,2776],{"class":114},[42,122171,88],{"class":87},[42,122173,6769],{"class":4190},[42,122175,122176,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122177,35048],{"class":114},[42,122179,88],{"class":87},[42,122181,49266],{"class":834},[42,122183,57],{"class":56},[42,122185,2803],{"class":125},[42,122187,143],{"class":56},[42,122189,122190],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122191,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122193,122194,122196,122198,122200],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122195,284],{"class":52},[42,122197,57],{"class":56},[42,122199,444],{"class":125},[42,122201,143],{"class":56},[42,122203,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212,122214],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,122205,284],{"class":52},[42,122207,57],{"class":56},[42,122209,835],{"class":834},[42,122211,57],{"class":56},[42,122213,444],{"class":125},[42,122215,842],{"class":56},[14,122217,122218],{},[177,122219,2395],{},[33,122221,122223],{"className":35,"code":122222,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122224,122225,122229],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122226,122227],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122228,4318],{"class":4190},[42,122230,122231,122233,122235,122237,122239,122241],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122232,855],{"class":87},[42,122234,859],{"class":858},[42,122236,862],{"class":60},[42,122238,3775],{"class":64},[42,122240,868],{"class":60},[42,122242,871],{"class":87},[1073,122244,122246],{"id":122245},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[33,122248,122250],{"className":35,"code":122249,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122251,122252,122272,122286,122290,122300],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122253,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122255,8128],{"class":114},[42,122257,88],{"class":87},[42,122259,3957],{"class":56},[42,122261,3320],{"class":2348},[42,122263,70],{"class":56},[42,122265,3325],{"class":2348},[42,122267,70],{"class":56},[42,122269,2781],{"class":2348},[42,122271,3970],{"class":56},[42,122273,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122275,35048],{"class":114},[42,122277,88],{"class":87},[42,122279,49266],{"class":834},[42,122281,57],{"class":56},[42,122283,8159],{"class":125},[42,122285,143],{"class":56},[42,122287,122288],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122289,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122291,122292,122294,122296,122298],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122293,284],{"class":52},[42,122295,57],{"class":56},[42,122297,444],{"class":125},[42,122299,143],{"class":56},[42,122301,122302,122304,122306,122308,122310,122312],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,122303,284],{"class":52},[42,122305,57],{"class":56},[42,122307,835],{"class":834},[42,122309,57],{"class":56},[42,122311,444],{"class":125},[42,122313,842],{"class":56},[14,122315,122316],{},[177,122317,2395],{},[33,122319,122321],{"className":35,"code":122320,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122322,122323,122339],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122324,122325,122327,122329,122331,122333,122335,122337],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122326,4238],{"class":56},[42,122328,3320],{"class":2348},[42,122330,70],{"class":56},[42,122332,3325],{"class":2348},[42,122334,70],{"class":56},[42,122336,2781],{"class":2348},[42,122338,3970],{"class":56},[42,122340,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122342,855],{"class":87},[42,122344,859],{"class":858},[42,122346,862],{"class":60},[42,122348,3775],{"class":64},[42,122350,868],{"class":60},[42,122352,871],{"class":87},[14,122354,122355,122356,122358],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[177,122357,179],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[28,122360,5303,122362],{"id":122361},"when-to-use-str",[17,122363,48045],{},[14,122365,146,122366,122368],{},[17,122367,48045],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,122370,36786],{},[167,122372,122373,122376,122379,122382],{},[170,122374,122375],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[170,122377,122378],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[170,122380,122381],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[170,122383,122384],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,122386,219],{},[33,122388,122390],{"className":35,"code":122389,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[17,122391,122392,122404,122412,122416,122451],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122395,8226],{"class":114},[42,122397,88],{"class":87},[42,122399,73],{"class":60},[42,122401,11863],{"class":64},[42,122403,3689],{"class":60},[42,122405,122406,122408,122410],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122407,21986],{"class":114},[42,122409,88],{"class":87},[42,122411,45588],{"class":2348},[42,122413,122414],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122415,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122417,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428,122430,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446,122449],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122419,90104],{"class":114},[42,122421,88],{"class":87},[42,122423,36328],{"class":114},[42,122425,2384],{"class":87},[42,122427,73],{"class":60},[42,122429,5125],{"class":64},[42,122431,61],{"class":60},[42,122433,2784],{"class":87},[42,122435,49266],{"class":834},[42,122437,57],{"class":56},[42,122439,9649],{"class":125},[42,122441,98],{"class":56},[42,122443,2784],{"class":87},[42,122445,73],{"class":60},[42,122447,122448],{"class":64}," years old.",[42,122450,3689],{"class":60},[42,122452,122453,122455,122457,122459],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,122454,284],{"class":52},[42,122456,57],{"class":56},[42,122458,90121],{"class":125},[42,122460,143],{"class":56},[14,122462,122463],{},[177,122464,2395],{},[33,122466,122468],{"className":35,"code":122467,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[17,122469,122470],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122471,122472,122475,122477,122479,122482],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122473,122474],{"class":114},"Maya ",[42,122476,12549],{"class":87},[42,122478,9656],{"class":2348},[42,122480,122481],{"class":114}," years old",[42,122483,122484],{"class":56},".\n",[14,122486,122487,122488,122],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[693,122489,89790],{"href":89789},[28,122491,122493,10937,122495],{"id":122492},"str-vs-print",[17,122494,48045],{},[17,122496,46815],{},[14,122498,122499],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[167,122501,122502,122507],{},[170,122503,122504,122506],{},[17,122505,48045],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[170,122508,122509,122511],{},[17,122510,46815],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122513,219],{},[33,122515,122517],{"className":35,"code":122516,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,122518,122519,122527,122531,122545,122555,122569],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122520,122521,122523,122525],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122522,2776],{"class":114},[42,122524,88],{"class":87},[42,122526,3101],{"class":2348},[42,122528,122529],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122530,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122532,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541,122543],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122534,35048],{"class":114},[42,122536,88],{"class":87},[42,122538,49266],{"class":834},[42,122540,57],{"class":56},[42,122542,2803],{"class":125},[42,122544,143],{"class":56},[42,122546,122547,122549,122551,122553],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122548,284],{"class":52},[42,122550,57],{"class":56},[42,122552,444],{"class":125},[42,122554,143],{"class":56},[42,122556,122557,122559,122561,122563,122565,122567],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,122558,284],{"class":52},[42,122560,57],{"class":56},[42,122562,835],{"class":834},[42,122564,57],{"class":56},[42,122566,444],{"class":125},[42,122568,842],{"class":56},[42,122570,122571,122573,122575,122577,122579,122581],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,122572,284],{"class":52},[42,122574,57],{"class":56},[42,122576,835],{"class":834},[42,122578,57],{"class":56},[42,122580,2803],{"class":125},[42,122582,842],{"class":56},[14,122584,122585],{},[177,122586,2395],{},[33,122588,122590],{"className":35,"code":122589,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,122591,122592,122596,122610],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122593,122594],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122595,46975],{"class":2348},[42,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122599,855],{"class":87},[42,122601,859],{"class":858},[42,122603,862],{"class":60},[42,122605,3775],{"class":64},[42,122607,868],{"class":60},[42,122609,871],{"class":87},[42,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122613,855],{"class":87},[42,122615,859],{"class":858},[42,122617,862],{"class":60},[42,122619,2513],{"class":64},[42,122621,868],{"class":60},[42,122623,871],{"class":87},[14,122625,122626],{},"Notice:",[167,122628,122629,122635,122640],{},[170,122630,122631,122634],{},[17,122632,122633],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[170,122636,122637,122639],{},[17,122638,46815],{}," only displayed values",[170,122641,122642,122644,122645,122647,122648,61665,122650],{},[17,122643,46815],{}," did not change ",[17,122646,2803],{}," from ",[17,122649,2513],{},[17,122651,3775],{},[14,122653,122654,122655,122],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[693,122656,122657,2631],{"href":46812},[17,122658,46815],{},[28,122660,122662,10937,122664,122667],{"id":122661},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[17,122663,48045],{},[17,122665,122666],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122669,122670],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[167,122672,122673,122678],{},[170,122674,122675,122677],{},[17,122676,48045],{}," is the more readable text version",[170,122679,122680,122682],{},[17,122681,122666],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122684,122685,122686,122688],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[17,122687,48045],{}," much more often.",[14,122690,122691,122692,122694],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[17,122693,48045],{}," is usually the right choice.",[28,122696,4859],{"id":4858},[1073,122698,26132,122700,122702],{"id":122699},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[17,122701,48045],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122704,122705,122707],{},[17,122706,48045],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[33,122709,122711],{"className":35,"code":122710,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,122712,122713,122721,122735,122739,122749,122763,122773],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122714,122715,122717,122719],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122716,21986],{"class":114},[42,122718,88],{"class":87},[42,122720,45588],{"class":2348},[42,122722,122723,122725,122727,122729,122731,122733],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122724,35048],{"class":114},[42,122726,88],{"class":87},[42,122728,49266],{"class":834},[42,122730,57],{"class":56},[42,122732,9649],{"class":125},[42,122734,143],{"class":56},[42,122736,122737],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122738,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122740,122741,122743,122745,122747],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122742,284],{"class":52},[42,122744,57],{"class":56},[42,122746,9649],{"class":125},[42,122748,143],{"class":56},[42,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,122752,284],{"class":52},[42,122754,57],{"class":56},[42,122756,835],{"class":834},[42,122758,57],{"class":56},[42,122760,9649],{"class":125},[42,122762,842],{"class":56},[42,122764,122765,122767,122769,122771],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,122766,284],{"class":52},[42,122768,57],{"class":56},[42,122770,444],{"class":125},[42,122772,143],{"class":56},[42,122774,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,122776,284],{"class":52},[42,122778,57],{"class":56},[42,122780,835],{"class":834},[42,122782,57],{"class":56},[42,122784,444],{"class":125},[42,122786,842],{"class":56},[14,122788,122789],{},[177,122790,2395],{},[33,122792,122794],{"className":35,"code":122793,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,122795,122796,122800,122814,122818],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122797,122798],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122799,3041],{"class":2348},[42,122801,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122803,855],{"class":87},[42,122805,859],{"class":858},[42,122807,862],{"class":60},[42,122809,2513],{"class":64},[42,122811,868],{"class":60},[42,122813,871],{"class":87},[42,122815,122816],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122817,3041],{"class":2348},[42,122819,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122821,855],{"class":87},[42,122823,859],{"class":858},[42,122825,862],{"class":60},[42,122827,3775],{"class":64},[42,122829,868],{"class":60},[42,122831,871],{"class":87},[1073,122833,122835],{"id":122834},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122837,7035],{},[33,122839,122841],{"className":35,"code":122840,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[17,122842,122843,122851],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122844,122845,122847,122849],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122846,21986],{"class":114},[42,122848,88],{"class":87},[42,122850,45588],{"class":2348},[42,122852,122853,122855,122857,122859,122861,122863],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122854,35048],{"class":114},[42,122856,88],{"class":87},[42,122858,49266],{"class":834},[42,122860,57],{"class":56},[42,122862,9649],{"class":125},[42,122864,143],{"class":56},[14,122866,122867],{},"But if you only do this:",[33,122869,122871],{"className":35,"code":122870,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[17,122872,122873,122881],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122874,122875,122877,122879],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122876,21986],{"class":114},[42,122878,88],{"class":87},[42,122880,45588],{"class":2348},[42,122882,122883,122885,122887,122889],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122884,3775],{"class":834},[42,122886,57],{"class":56},[42,122888,9649],{"class":125},[42,122890,143],{"class":56},[14,122892,122893],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1073,122895,1940,122897,122899],{"id":122896},"using-str-too-early",[17,122898,48045],{}," too early",[14,122901,122902],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[33,122904,122906],{"className":35,"code":122905,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[17,122907,122908,122916,122931,122935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122909,122910,122912,122914],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122911,40750],{"class":114},[42,122913,88],{"class":87},[42,122915,2919],{"class":2348},[42,122917,122918,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,122919,122920],{"class":114},"text_price ",[42,122922,88],{"class":87},[42,122924,49266],{"class":834},[42,122926,57],{"class":56},[42,122928,25507],{"class":125},[42,122930,143],{"class":56},[42,122932,122933],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,122934,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,122936,122937],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,122938,122939],{"class":525},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122941,122942,122943,1327,122947,122951],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[693,122944,122945],{"href":3206},[17,122946,3209],{},[693,122948,122949],{"href":3212},[17,122950,3215],{},", depending on the situation.",[1073,122953,8803,122955,122958],{"id":122954},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[17,122956,122957],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122960,65008],{},[33,122962,122964],{"className":35,"code":122963,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[17,122965,122966,122998],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,122967,122968,122970,122972,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,122969,8128],{"class":114},[42,122971,88],{"class":87},[42,122973,3957],{"class":56},[42,122975,61],{"class":60},[42,122977,4418],{"class":64},[42,122979,61],{"class":60},[42,122981,70],{"class":56},[42,122983,73],{"class":60},[42,122985,4427],{"class":64},[42,122987,61],{"class":60},[42,122989,70],{"class":56},[42,122991,73],{"class":60},[42,122993,33581],{"class":64},[42,122995,61],{"class":60},[42,122997,3970],{"class":56},[42,122999,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008,123010],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123001,284],{"class":52},[42,123003,57],{"class":56},[42,123005,3775],{"class":834},[42,123007,57],{"class":56},[42,123009,8159],{"class":125},[42,123011,842],{"class":56},[14,123013,123014],{},"prints:",[33,123016,123017],{"className":35,"code":73198,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,123018,123019],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123020,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043,123045],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123022,4238],{"class":56},[42,123024,868],{"class":60},[42,123026,4418],{"class":64},[42,123028,868],{"class":60},[42,123030,70],{"class":56},[42,123032,862],{"class":60},[42,123034,4427],{"class":64},[42,123036,868],{"class":60},[42,123038,70],{"class":56},[42,123040,862],{"class":60},[42,123042,33581],{"class":64},[42,123044,868],{"class":60},[42,123046,3970],{"class":56},[14,123048,123049],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[28,123051,17778],{"id":17777},[14,123053,123054,751,123056,122],{},[17,123055,48045],{},[177,123057,123058],{},"new string",[14,123060,165],{},[167,123062,123063,123066,123069],{},[170,123064,123065],{},"It always returns a string",[170,123067,123068],{},"It does not modify the original object",[170,123070,8111,123071,123075],{},[693,123072,123073],{"href":2627},[17,123074,2630],{}," to confirm the result",[14,123077,219],{},[33,123079,123081],{"className":35,"code":123080,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,123082,123083,123091,123106,123110,123121],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123084,123085,123087,123089],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123086,2776],{"class":114},[42,123088,88],{"class":87},[42,123090,14487],{"class":2348},[42,123092,123093,123096,123098,123100,123102,123104],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123094,123095],{"class":114},"converted ",[42,123097,88],{"class":87},[42,123099,49266],{"class":834},[42,123101,57],{"class":56},[42,123103,2803],{"class":125},[42,123105,143],{"class":56},[42,123107,123108],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,123109,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,123111,123112,123114,123116,123119],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,123113,284],{"class":52},[42,123115,57],{"class":56},[42,123117,123118],{"class":125},"converted",[42,123120,143],{"class":56},[42,123122,123123,123125,123127,123129,123131,123133],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,123124,284],{"class":52},[42,123126,57],{"class":56},[42,123128,835],{"class":834},[42,123130,57],{"class":56},[42,123132,123118],{"class":125},[42,123134,842],{"class":56},[14,123136,123137],{},[177,123138,2395],{},[33,123140,123142],{"className":35,"code":123141,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,123143,123144,123149],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123145,123146],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123147,123148],{"class":2348},"99\n",[42,123150,123151,123153,123155,123157,123159,123161],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123152,855],{"class":87},[42,123154,859],{"class":858},[42,123156,862],{"class":60},[42,123158,3775],{"class":64},[42,123160,868],{"class":60},[42,123162,871],{"class":87},[28,123164,113824],{"id":113823},[14,123166,123167,123168,75177],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[17,123169,48045],{},[167,123171,123172,123175,123178,123183],{},[170,123173,123174],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[170,123176,123177],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[170,123179,1940,123180,123182],{},[17,123181,48045],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[170,123184,123185],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,123187,123188,123189,122],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[693,123190,26037,123191],{"href":90502},[17,123192,90503],{},[28,123194,123196],{"id":123195},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,123198,123199],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[33,123201,123203],{"className":35,"code":123202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,123204,123205,123213,123217,123227,123241,123245,123259,123269],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123206,123207,123209,123211],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123208,2776],{"class":114},[42,123210,88],{"class":87},[42,123212,45588],{"class":2348},[42,123214,123215],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123216,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,123218,123219,123221,123223,123225],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,123220,284],{"class":52},[42,123222,57],{"class":56},[42,123224,2803],{"class":125},[42,123226,143],{"class":56},[42,123228,123229,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,123230,284],{"class":52},[42,123232,57],{"class":56},[42,123234,835],{"class":834},[42,123236,57],{"class":56},[42,123238,2803],{"class":125},[42,123240,842],{"class":56},[42,123242,123243],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,123244,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,123246,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,123248,123095],{"class":114},[42,123250,88],{"class":87},[42,123252,49266],{"class":834},[42,123254,57],{"class":56},[42,123256,2803],{"class":125},[42,123258,143],{"class":56},[42,123260,123261,123263,123265,123267],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,123262,284],{"class":52},[42,123264,57],{"class":56},[42,123266,123118],{"class":125},[42,123268,143],{"class":56},[42,123270,123271,123273,123275,123277,123279,123281],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,123272,284],{"class":52},[42,123274,57],{"class":56},[42,123276,835],{"class":834},[42,123278,57],{"class":56},[42,123280,123118],{"class":125},[42,123282,842],{"class":56},[14,123284,123285,123286,2514,123288,123290,123291,122],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[17,123287,2513],{},[17,123289,2517],{},", or another type into ",[17,123292,3775],{},[28,123294,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,123296,5485,123298,5488],{"id":123297},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[17,123299,48045],{},[14,123301,123302],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1073,123304,13060,123306,123308],{"id":123305},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[17,123307,48045],{}," change the original variable?",[14,123310,123311],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1073,123313,5513,123315,123317],{"id":123314},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[17,123316,48045],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,123319,123320],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1073,123322,94688,123324,123326],{"id":123323},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[17,123325,48045],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,123328,123329],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1073,123331,15260,123333,57570,123335,2823],{"id":123332},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[17,123334,48045],{},[17,123336,46815],{},[14,123338,46728,123339,123341,123342,123344],{},[17,123340,48045],{}," converts to text. ",[17,123343,46815],{}," shows output.",[28,123346,2205],{"id":2204},[167,123348,123349,123355,123361,123367,123373,123382,123386],{},[170,123350,123351],{},[693,123352,123353,3841],{"href":46812},[17,123354,46815],{},[170,123356,123357],{},[693,123358,123359,3841],{"href":2627},[17,123360,2630],{},[170,123362,123363],{},[693,123364,123365,3841],{"href":3206},[17,123366,3209],{},[170,123368,123369],{},[693,123370,123371,3841],{"href":3212},[17,123372,3215],{},[170,123374,123375],{},[693,123376,123378,123379,123381],{"href":123377},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[17,123380,2513],{}," to string in Python",[170,123383,123384],{},[693,123385,90780],{"href":89789},[170,123387,123388],{},[693,123389,30706,123390],{"href":90502},[17,123391,90503],{},[2245,123393,123394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":123396},[123397,123398,123400,123401,123407,123409,123411,123413,123422,123423,123424,123425,123437],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":121815,"depth":111,"text":123399},"What str() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":121982,"depth":111,"text":121983,"children":123402},[123403,123404,123405,123406],{"id":121986,"depth":132,"text":121987},{"id":122072,"depth":132,"text":122073},{"id":122159,"depth":132,"text":122160},{"id":122245,"depth":132,"text":122246},{"id":122361,"depth":111,"text":123408},"When to use str()",{"id":122492,"depth":111,"text":123410},"str() vs print()",{"id":122661,"depth":111,"text":123412},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":123414},[123415,123417,123418,123420],{"id":122699,"depth":132,"text":123416},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122834,"depth":132,"text":122835},{"id":122896,"depth":132,"text":123419},"Using str() too early",{"id":122954,"depth":132,"text":123421},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":113823,"depth":111,"text":113824},{"id":123195,"depth":111,"text":123196},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":123426},[123427,123429,123431,123433,123435],{"id":123297,"depth":132,"text":123428},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123305,"depth":132,"text":123430},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123314,"depth":132,"text":123432},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123323,"depth":132,"text":123434},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123332,"depth":132,"text":123436},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42539,"description":123438},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123445,"title":123446,"body":123447,"description":124900,"extension":2285,"meta":124901,"navigation":2287,"path":124902,"seo":124903,"stem":124904,"__hash__":124905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123448,"toc":124862},[123449,123455,123461,123464,123486,123488,123550,123552,123565,123571,123576,123581,123583,123596,123607,123609,123636,123638,123655,123662,123673,123675,123680,123682,123694,123702,123711,123713,123716,123769,123771,123779,123787,123791,123796,123836,123838,123846,123849,123851,123891,123893,123901,123911,123917,123920,123993,123995,124008,124012,124017,124045,124048,124083,124085,124093,124096,124100,124104,124106,124122,124124,124164,124166,124174,124183,124226,124228,124236,124238,124242,124248,124251,124291,124293,124301,124306,124309,124352,124356,124359,124394,124399,124401,124440,124450,124458,124468,124476,124480,124485,124487,124528,124530,124538,124543,124546,124549,124567,124573,124577,124582,124585,124625,124627,124632,124731,124734,124750,124752,124771,124773,124780,124783,124789,124792,124798,124802,124808,124811,124817,124820,124822,124859],[10,123450,123452,123453,11676],{"id":123451},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[17,123454,57655],{},[14,123456,123457,123458,123460],{},"The Python string ",[17,123459,57655],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,123462,123463],{},"This reference page explains:",[167,123465,123466,123470,123473,123475,123483],{},[170,123467,26377,123468,4016],{},[17,123469,57655],{},[170,123471,123472],{},"its syntax",[170,123474,35753],{},[170,123476,123477,123478,1753,123480,123482],{},"how ",[17,123479,36432],{},[17,123481,53024],{}," work",[170,123484,123485],{},"common beginner mistakes",[28,123487,31],{"id":30},[33,123489,123491],{"className":35,"code":123490,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[17,123492,123493,123505,123527],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123494,123495,123497,123499,123501,123503],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123496,35048],{"class":114},[42,123498,88],{"class":87},[42,123500,73],{"class":60},[42,123502,4427],{"class":64},[42,123504,3689],{"class":60},[42,123506,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123508,284],{"class":52},[42,123510,57],{"class":56},[42,123512,444],{"class":125},[42,123514,122],{"class":56},[42,123516,41622],{"class":125},[42,123518,57],{"class":56},[42,123520,61],{"class":60},[42,123522,693],{"class":64},[42,123524,61],{"class":60},[42,123526,842],{"class":56},[42,123528,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541,123543,123546,123548],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,123530,284],{"class":52},[42,123532,57],{"class":56},[42,123534,444],{"class":125},[42,123536,122],{"class":56},[42,123538,41622],{"class":125},[42,123540,57],{"class":56},[42,123542,61],{"class":60},[42,123544,123545],{"class":64},"na",[42,123547,61],{"class":60},[42,123549,842],{"class":56},[14,123551,2395],{},[33,123553,123555],{"className":35,"code":123554,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"3\n2\n",[17,123556,123557,123561],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123558,123559],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123560,46980],{"class":2348},[42,123562,123563],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123564,17415],{"class":2348},[14,123566,146,123567,123570],{},[17,123568,123569],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[28,123572,13353,123574,13356],{"id":123573},"what-the-count-method-does",[17,123575,57655],{},[14,123577,123578,123580],{},[17,123579,57655],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123582,13409],{},[167,123584,123585,123588,123591,123593],{},[170,123586,123587],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[170,123589,123590],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[170,123592,44020],{},[170,123594,123595],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123597,123598,123599,123601,123602,2514,123604,123606],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[17,123600,493],{}," characters are in ",[17,123603,65638],{},[17,123605,57655],{}," is a simple choice.",[28,123608,312],{"id":311},[33,123610,123612],{"className":35,"code":123611,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[17,123613,123614],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123615,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626,123628,123630,123632,123634],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123617,61538],{"class":114},[42,123619,122],{"class":56},[42,123621,41622],{"class":125},[42,123623,57],{"class":56},[42,123625,2803],{"class":125},[42,123627,70],{"class":56},[42,123629,36411],{"class":125},[42,123631,70],{"class":56},[42,123633,65405],{"class":125},[42,123635,143],{"class":56},[1073,123637,17754],{"id":17753},[167,123639,123640,123645,123650],{},[170,123641,123642,123644],{},[17,123643,2803],{},": the text to search for",[170,123646,123647,123649],{},[17,123648,36432],{},": optional; where counting begins",[170,123651,123652,123654],{},[17,123653,53024],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123656,123657,1753,123659,123661],{},[17,123658,36432],{},[17,123660,53024],{}," work like slice positions:",[167,123663,123664,123669],{},[170,123665,123666,123668],{},[17,123667,36432],{}," is included",[170,123670,123671,76103],{},[17,123672,53024],{},[28,123674,17778],{"id":17777},[14,123676,123677,123679],{},[17,123678,57655],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123681,515],{},[167,123683,123684,123689],{},[170,123685,123686,123687],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[17,123688,2387],{},[170,123690,123691,123692],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[17,123693,2445],{},[14,123695,175,123696,5504,123698,1327,123700,122],{},[177,123697,179],{},[17,123699,3937],{},[17,123701,4009],{},[14,123703,123704,123705,123710],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[693,123706,123708,101698],{"href":123707},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[17,123709,1299],{}," is often a better fit.",[28,123712,11829],{"id":11828},[14,123714,123715],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[33,123717,123719],{"className":35,"code":123718,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,123720,123721,123733,123755,123759],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123722,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123724,35048],{"class":114},[42,123726,88],{"class":87},[42,123728,73],{"class":60},[42,123730,4418],{"class":64},[42,123732,3689],{"class":60},[42,123734,123735,123737,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751,123753],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123736,2555],{"class":114},[42,123738,88],{"class":87},[42,123740,43203],{"class":114},[42,123742,122],{"class":56},[42,123744,41622],{"class":125},[42,123746,57],{"class":56},[42,123748,61],{"class":60},[42,123750,14],{"class":64},[42,123752,61],{"class":60},[42,123754,143],{"class":56},[42,123756,123757],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,123758,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,123760,123761,123763,123765,123767],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,123762,284],{"class":52},[42,123764,57],{"class":56},[42,123766,2592],{"class":125},[42,123768,143],{"class":56},[14,123770,2395],{},[33,123772,123773],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,123774,123775],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123776,123777],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123778,17415],{"class":2348},[14,123780,64184,123781,123784,123785,122],{},[17,123782,123783],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[17,123786,58198],{},[28,123788,123790],{"id":123789},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123792,123793,123795],{},[17,123794,57655],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[33,123797,123799],{"className":35,"code":123798,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[17,123800,123801,123814],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123802,123803,123805,123807,123809,123812],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123804,35048],{"class":114},[42,123806,88],{"class":87},[42,123808,73],{"class":60},[42,123810,123811],{"class":64},"cat dog cat bird cat",[42,123813,3689],{"class":60},[42,123815,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123817,284],{"class":52},[42,123819,57],{"class":56},[42,123821,444],{"class":125},[42,123823,122],{"class":56},[42,123825,41622],{"class":125},[42,123827,57],{"class":56},[42,123829,61],{"class":60},[42,123831,37408],{"class":64},[42,123833,61],{"class":60},[42,123835,842],{"class":56},[14,123837,2395],{},[33,123839,123840],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,123841,123842],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123843,123844],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123845,46980],{"class":2348},[14,123847,123848],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123850,219],{},[33,123852,123854],{"className":35,"code":123853,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[17,123855,123856,123869],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123857,123858,123860,123862,123864,123867],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123859,35048],{"class":114},[42,123861,88],{"class":87},[42,123863,73],{"class":60},[42,123865,123866],{"class":64},"one One one",[42,123868,3689],{"class":60},[42,123870,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123872,284],{"class":52},[42,123874,57],{"class":56},[42,123876,444],{"class":125},[42,123878,122],{"class":56},[42,123880,41622],{"class":125},[42,123882,57],{"class":56},[42,123884,61],{"class":60},[42,123886,6932],{"class":64},[42,123888,61],{"class":60},[42,123890,842],{"class":56},[14,123892,2395],{},[33,123894,123895],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,123896,123897],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123898,123899],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123900,17415],{"class":2348},[14,123902,123903,123904,123907,123908,123910],{},"The uppercase ",[17,123905,123906],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[17,123909,57655],{}," is case-sensitive.",[28,123912,1940,123913,1753,123915],{"id":65770},[17,123914,36432],{},[17,123916,53024],{},[14,123918,123919],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[33,123921,123923],{"className":35,"code":123922,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[17,123924,123925,123937,123963],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,123926,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,123928,35048],{"class":114},[42,123930,88],{"class":87},[42,123932,73],{"class":60},[42,123934,4427],{"class":64},[42,123936,3689],{"class":60},[42,123938,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,123940,284],{"class":52},[42,123942,57],{"class":56},[42,123944,444],{"class":125},[42,123946,122],{"class":56},[42,123948,41622],{"class":125},[42,123950,57],{"class":56},[42,123952,61],{"class":60},[42,123954,693],{"class":64},[42,123956,61],{"class":60},[42,123958,70],{"class":56},[42,123960,3325],{"class":2348},[42,123962,842],{"class":56},[42,123964,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,123966,284],{"class":52},[42,123968,57],{"class":56},[42,123970,444],{"class":125},[42,123972,122],{"class":56},[42,123974,41622],{"class":125},[42,123976,57],{"class":56},[42,123978,61],{"class":60},[42,123980,693],{"class":64},[42,123982,61],{"class":60},[42,123984,70],{"class":56},[42,123986,3325],{"class":2348},[42,123988,70],{"class":56},[42,123990,4946],{"class":2348},[42,123992,842],{"class":56},[14,123994,2395],{},[33,123996,123998],{"className":35,"code":123997,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"2\n1\n",[17,123999,124000,124004],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124001,124002],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124003,17415],{"class":2348},[42,124005,124006],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124007,47280],{"class":2348},[1073,124009,124011],{"id":124010},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,124013,124014,124015,1935],{},"In ",[17,124016,65638],{},[167,124018,124019,124027,124035],{},[170,124020,71327,124021,124023,124024],{},[17,124022,2381],{}," starts at the first ",[17,124025,124026],{},"\"n\"",[170,124028,124029,124032,124033,76401],{},[17,124030,124031],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[17,124034,2381],{},[170,124036,124037,124032,124040,124042,124043],{},[17,124038,124039],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[17,124041,2381],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[17,124044,2461],{},[14,124046,124047],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[33,124049,124051],{"className":35,"code":124050,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[17,124052,124053,124065],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124054,124055,124057,124059,124061,124063],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124056,35048],{"class":114},[42,124058,88],{"class":87},[42,124060,73],{"class":60},[42,124062,4427],{"class":64},[42,124064,3689],{"class":60},[42,124066,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124068,284],{"class":52},[42,124070,57],{"class":56},[42,124072,444],{"class":125},[42,124074,4238],{"class":56},[42,124076,2381],{"class":2348},[42,124078,1935],{"class":56},[42,124080,2461],{"class":2348},[42,124082,4226],{"class":56},[14,124084,2395],{},[33,124086,124087],{"className":35,"code":41831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,124088,124089],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124090,124091],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124092,41831],{"class":114},[14,124094,124095],{},"Only that section is searched.",[28,124097,124099],{"id":124098},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,124101,124102,123910],{},[17,124103,57655],{},[14,124105,2432],{},[167,124107,124108,124116],{},[170,124109,124110,1753,124112,124115],{},[17,124111,493],{},[17,124113,124114],{},"\"A\""," are different",[170,124117,124118,1753,124120,124115],{},[17,124119,64899],{},[17,124121,90515],{},[14,124123,219],{},[33,124125,124127],{"className":35,"code":124126,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[17,124128,124129,124142],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124130,124131,124133,124135,124137,124140],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124132,35048],{"class":114},[42,124134,88],{"class":87},[42,124136,73],{"class":60},[42,124138,124139],{"class":64},"Apple apple APPLE",[42,124141,3689],{"class":60},[42,124143,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158,124160,124162],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124145,284],{"class":52},[42,124147,57],{"class":56},[42,124149,444],{"class":125},[42,124151,122],{"class":56},[42,124153,41622],{"class":125},[42,124155,57],{"class":56},[42,124157,61],{"class":60},[42,124159,4418],{"class":64},[42,124161,61],{"class":60},[42,124163,842],{"class":56},[14,124165,2395],{},[33,124167,124168],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,124169,124170],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124171,124172],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124173,47280],{"class":2348},[14,124175,124176,124177,1935],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[693,124178,124180],{"href":124179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[17,124181,124182],{},"lower()",[33,124184,124186],{"className":35,"code":124185,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[17,124187,124188,124200],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124189,124190,124192,124194,124196,124198],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124191,35048],{"class":114},[42,124193,88],{"class":87},[42,124195,73],{"class":60},[42,124197,124139],{"class":64},[42,124199,3689],{"class":60},[42,124201,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124203,284],{"class":52},[42,124205,57],{"class":56},[42,124207,444],{"class":125},[42,124209,122],{"class":56},[42,124211,8990],{"class":125},[42,124213,8987],{"class":56},[42,124215,41622],{"class":125},[42,124217,57],{"class":56},[42,124219,61],{"class":60},[42,124221,4418],{"class":64},[42,124223,61],{"class":60},[42,124225,842],{"class":56},[14,124227,2395],{},[33,124229,124230],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,124231,124232],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124233,124234],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124235,46980],{"class":2348},[28,124237,1929],{"id":1928},[14,124239,23452,124240,122],{},[17,124241,57655],{},[1073,124243,8803,124245,124247],{"id":124244},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[17,124246,57655],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,124249,124250],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[33,124252,124254],{"className":35,"code":124253,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,124255,124256,124269],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124257,124258,124260,124262,124264,124267],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124259,35048],{"class":114},[42,124261,88],{"class":87},[42,124263,73],{"class":60},[42,124265,124266],{"class":64},"Aardvark",[42,124268,3689],{"class":60},[42,124270,124271,124273,124275,124277,124279,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124272,284],{"class":52},[42,124274,57],{"class":56},[42,124276,444],{"class":125},[42,124278,122],{"class":56},[42,124280,41622],{"class":125},[42,124282,57],{"class":56},[42,124284,61],{"class":60},[42,124286,693],{"class":64},[42,124288,61],{"class":60},[42,124290,842],{"class":56},[14,124292,2395],{},[33,124294,124295],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,124296,124297],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124298,124299],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124300,17415],{"class":2348},[14,124302,123903,124303,124305],{},[17,124304,124114],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,124307,124308],{},"If needed, convert first:",[33,124310,124312],{"className":35,"code":124311,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[17,124313,124314,124326],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124315,124316,124318,124320,124322,124324],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124317,35048],{"class":114},[42,124319,88],{"class":87},[42,124321,73],{"class":60},[42,124323,124266],{"class":64},[42,124325,3689],{"class":60},[42,124327,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124329,284],{"class":52},[42,124331,57],{"class":56},[42,124333,444],{"class":125},[42,124335,122],{"class":56},[42,124337,8990],{"class":125},[42,124339,8987],{"class":56},[42,124341,41622],{"class":125},[42,124343,57],{"class":56},[42,124345,61],{"class":60},[42,124347,693],{"class":64},[42,124349,61],{"class":60},[42,124351,842],{"class":56},[1073,124353,124355],{"id":124354},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,124357,124358],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[33,124360,124362],{"className":35,"code":124361,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[17,124363,124364,124376],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124365,124366,124368,124370,124372,124374],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124367,35048],{"class":114},[42,124369,88],{"class":87},[42,124371,73],{"class":60},[42,124373,4427],{"class":64},[42,124375,3689],{"class":60},[42,124377,124378,124380,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124379,284],{"class":52},[42,124381,57],{"class":56},[42,124383,444],{"class":125},[42,124385,122],{"class":56},[42,124387,41622],{"class":125},[42,124389,57],{"class":56},[42,124391,693],{"class":125},[42,124393,842],{"class":56},[14,124395,124396,124397,122],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[17,124398,693],{},[14,124400,11160],{},[33,124402,124404],{"className":35,"code":124403,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[17,124405,124406,124418],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124407,124408,124410,124412,124414,124416],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124409,35048],{"class":114},[42,124411,88],{"class":87},[42,124413,73],{"class":60},[42,124415,4427],{"class":64},[42,124417,3689],{"class":60},[42,124419,124420,124422,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124421,284],{"class":52},[42,124423,57],{"class":56},[42,124425,444],{"class":125},[42,124427,122],{"class":56},[42,124429,41622],{"class":125},[42,124431,57],{"class":56},[42,124433,61],{"class":60},[42,124435,693],{"class":64},[42,124437,61],{"class":60},[42,124439,842],{"class":56},[1073,124441,37565,124443,9054,124445,1327,124448],{"id":124442},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[17,124444,57655],{},[17,124446,124447],{},"find()",[17,124449,59333],{},[14,124451,146,124452,124454,124455,122],{},[17,124453,57655],{}," when you need the ",[177,124456,124457],{},"number of matches",[14,124459,146,124460,124454,124465,124467],{},[693,124461,124463],{"href":124462},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[17,124464,124447],{},[177,124466,65311],{}," of the first match.",[14,124469,146,124470,124475],{},[693,124471,124473],{"href":124472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[17,124474,59333],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1073,124477,124479],{"id":124478},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,124481,124482,124484],{},[17,124483,57655],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,124486,219],{},[33,124488,124490],{"className":35,"code":124489,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[17,124491,124492,124505],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124493,124494,124496,124498,124500,124503],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124495,35048],{"class":114},[42,124497,88],{"class":87},[42,124499,73],{"class":60},[42,124501,124502],{"class":64},"aaaa",[42,124504,3689],{"class":60},[42,124506,124507,124509,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519,124521,124524,124526],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124508,284],{"class":52},[42,124510,57],{"class":56},[42,124512,444],{"class":125},[42,124514,122],{"class":56},[42,124516,41622],{"class":125},[42,124518,57],{"class":56},[42,124520,61],{"class":60},[42,124522,124523],{"class":64},"aa",[42,124525,61],{"class":60},[42,124527,842],{"class":56},[14,124529,2395],{},[33,124531,124532],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,124533,124534],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124535,124536],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124537,17415],{"class":2348},[14,124539,124540,124541,122],{},"It does not return ",[17,124542,2387],{},[14,124544,124545],{},"Why not?",[14,124547,124548],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[167,124550,124551,124560],{},[170,124552,124553,124556,124557],{},[17,124554,124555],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[17,124558,124559],{},"0-1",[170,124561,124562,124556,124564],{},[17,124563,124555],{},[17,124565,124566],{},"2-3",[14,124568,124569,124570,122],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[17,124571,124572],{},"1-2",[28,124574,5303,124575],{"id":58738},[17,124576,57655],{},[14,124578,146,124579,124581],{},[17,124580,57655],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124583,124584],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[167,124586,124587,124596,124606,124616],{},[170,124588,146,124589,124591,124592,124595],{},[17,124590,57655],{}," when you need ",[177,124593,124594],{},"how many times"," something appears",[170,124597,146,124598,124591,124602,124605],{},[693,124599,124600],{"href":124462},[17,124601,124447],{},[177,124603,124604],{},"where"," it appears",[170,124607,48172,124608,124612,124613],{},[693,124609,124610,101698],{"href":123707},[17,124611,1299],{}," when you only need to know ",[177,124614,124615],{},"if it exists",[170,124617,146,124618,124624],{},[693,124619,124621],{"href":124620},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[17,124622,124623],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[28,124626,26300],{"id":26299},[14,124628,9225,124629,124631],{},[17,124630,57655],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[33,124633,124635],{"className":35,"code":124634,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[17,124636,124637,124647,124661,124683,124709],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124638,124639,124641,124643,124645],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124640,284],{"class":52},[42,124642,57],{"class":56},[42,124644,444],{"class":125},[42,124646,143],{"class":56},[42,124648,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657,124659],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124650,284],{"class":52},[42,124652,57],{"class":56},[42,124654,835],{"class":834},[42,124656,57],{"class":56},[42,124658,444],{"class":125},[42,124660,842],{"class":56},[42,124662,124663,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675,124677,124679,124681],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,124664,284],{"class":52},[42,124666,57],{"class":56},[42,124668,444],{"class":125},[42,124670,122],{"class":56},[42,124672,41622],{"class":125},[42,124674,57],{"class":56},[42,124676,61],{"class":60},[42,124678,693],{"class":64},[42,124680,61],{"class":60},[42,124682,842],{"class":56},[42,124684,124685,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705,124707],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,124686,284],{"class":52},[42,124688,57],{"class":56},[42,124690,444],{"class":125},[42,124692,122],{"class":56},[42,124694,8990],{"class":125},[42,124696,8987],{"class":56},[42,124698,41622],{"class":125},[42,124700,57],{"class":56},[42,124702,61],{"class":60},[42,124704,693],{"class":64},[42,124706,61],{"class":60},[42,124708,842],{"class":56},[42,124710,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,124712,284],{"class":52},[42,124714,57],{"class":56},[42,124716,444],{"class":125},[42,124718,122],{"class":56},[42,124720,41622],{"class":125},[42,124722,57],{"class":56},[42,124724,61],{"class":60},[42,124726,123545],{"class":64},[42,124728,61],{"class":60},[42,124730,842],{"class":56},[14,124732,124733],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[167,124735,124736,124739,124744,124747],{},[170,124737,124738],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[170,124740,124741,124743],{},[17,124742,444],{}," not being a string",[170,124745,124746],{},"counting the wrong substring",[170,124748,124749],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124751,59227],{},[167,124753,124754,124757,124760,124763],{},[170,124755,124756],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[170,124758,124759],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[170,124761,124762],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[170,124764,50854,124765,44992,124767,1327,124769,73673],{},[17,124766,57655],{},[17,124768,124447],{},[17,124770,1299],{},[28,124772,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,124774,124776,124777,124779],{"id":124775},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[17,124778,57655],{}," change the original string?",[14,124781,124782],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1073,124784,15260,124786,124788],{"id":124785},"is-count-case-sensitive",[17,124787,57655],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124790,124791],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1073,124793,5485,124795,124797],{"id":124794},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[17,124796,57655],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124799,5491,124800,122],{},[17,124801,2445],{},[1073,124803,5513,124805,124807],{"id":124804},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[17,124806,57655],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124809,124810],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1073,124812,13060,124814,124816],{"id":124813},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[17,124815,57655],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124818,124819],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[28,124821,2205],{"id":2204},[167,124823,124824,124831,124838,124845,124852],{},[170,124825,124826],{},[693,124827,124828],{"href":124462},[17,124829,124830],{},"Python string find() method",[170,124832,124833],{},[693,124834,124835],{"href":124472},[17,124836,124837],{},"Python string index() method",[170,124839,124840],{},[693,124841,124842],{"href":124179},[17,124843,124844],{},"Python string lower() method",[170,124846,124847],{},[693,124848,124849],{"href":123707},[17,124850,124851],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[170,124853,124854],{},[693,124855,124856],{"href":124620},[17,124857,124858],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2245,124860,124861],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":124863},[124864,124865,124867,124870,124871,124872,124873,124876,124877,124885,124886,124887,124899],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":123573,"depth":111,"text":124866},"What the count() method does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":124868},[124869],{"id":17753,"depth":132,"text":17754},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":123789,"depth":111,"text":123790},{"id":65770,"depth":111,"text":66553,"children":124874},[124875],{"id":124010,"depth":132,"text":124011},{"id":124098,"depth":111,"text":124099},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":124878},[124879,124881,124882,124884],{"id":124244,"depth":132,"text":124880},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124354,"depth":132,"text":124355},{"id":124442,"depth":132,"text":124883},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124478,"depth":132,"text":124479},{"id":58738,"depth":111,"text":59369},{"id":26299,"depth":111,"text":26300},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":124888},[124889,124891,124893,124895,124897],{"id":124775,"depth":132,"text":124890},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124785,"depth":132,"text":124892},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124794,"depth":132,"text":124894},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124804,"depth":132,"text":124896},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124813,"depth":132,"text":124898},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123446,"description":124900},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124907,"title":124908,"body":124909,"description":126494,"extension":2285,"meta":126495,"navigation":2287,"path":126496,"seo":126497,"stem":126498,"__hash__":126499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124910,"toc":126467},[124911,124914,124917,125014,125023,125025,125044,125048,125051,125054,125067,125070,125099,125104,125109,125167,125169,125202,125208,125212,125215,125218,125247,125250,125277,125280,125283,125287,125290,125297,125360,125362,125380,125383,125387,125390,125393,125435,125438,125482,125485,125488,125492,125497,125500,125543,125545,125568,125571,125604,125607,125656,125666,125670,125673,125676,125705,125708,125719,125721,125780,125783,125787,125790,125793,125808,125817,125820,125854,125857,125884,125887,125894,125896,125899,125901,125904,125918,125927,125929,125956,125960,125963,125977,125980,126039,126043,126046,126073,126076,126103,126111,126114,126174,126176,126209,126213,126216,126235,126240,126289,126294,126296,126299,126358,126376,126378,126382,126390,126394,126397,126401,126407,126411,126421,126425,126428,126430,126464],[10,124912,124908],{"id":124913},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124915,124916],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[33,124918,124920],{"className":35,"code":124919,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[17,124921,124922,124934,124946,124955,124969,124973,124983,124993,125004],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,124923,124924,124926,124928,124930,124932],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,124925,8226],{"class":114},[42,124927,88],{"class":87},[42,124929,73],{"class":60},[42,124931,5346],{"class":64},[42,124933,3689],{"class":60},[42,124935,124936,124938,124940,124942,124944],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,124937,90104],{"class":114},[42,124939,88],{"class":87},[42,124941,862],{"class":60},[42,124943,654],{"class":64},[42,124945,30059],{"class":60},[42,124947,124948,124951,124953],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,124949,124950],{"class":114},"empty ",[42,124952,88],{"class":87},[42,124954,8231],{"class":60},[42,124956,124957,124959,124961,124963,124965,124967],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,124958,35048],{"class":114},[42,124960,88],{"class":87},[42,124962,49266],{"class":834},[42,124964,57],{"class":56},[42,124966,50608],{"class":2348},[42,124968,143],{"class":56},[42,124970,124971],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,124972,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,124976,284],{"class":52},[42,124978,57],{"class":56},[42,124980,8016],{"class":125},[42,124982,143],{"class":56},[42,124984,124985,124987,124989,124991],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,124986,284],{"class":52},[42,124988,57],{"class":56},[42,124990,90121],{"class":125},[42,124992,143],{"class":56},[42,124994,124995,124997,124999,125002],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,124996,284],{"class":52},[42,124998,57],{"class":56},[42,125000,125001],{"class":125},"empty",[42,125003,143],{"class":56},[42,125005,125006,125008,125010,125012],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,125007,284],{"class":52},[42,125009,57],{"class":56},[42,125011,444],{"class":125},[42,125013,143],{"class":56},[14,125015,125016,125019,125020,125022],{},[177,125017,125018],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[17,125021,48045],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[28,125024,15520],{"id":15519},[167,125026,125027,125030,125033,125036,125041],{},[170,125028,125029],{},"What a string is in Python",[170,125031,125032],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[170,125034,125035],{},"How to create an empty string",[170,125037,125038,125039],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[17,125040,48045],{},[170,125042,125043],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[28,125045,125047],{"id":125046},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,125049,125050],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,125052,125053],{},"Strings can contain:",[167,125055,125056,125059,125061,125064],{},[170,125057,125058],{},"Letters",[170,125060,56826],{},[170,125062,125063],{},"Spaces",[170,125065,125066],{},"Symbols",[14,125068,125069],{},"Examples of strings:",[33,125071,125073],{"className":35,"code":125072,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[17,125074,125075,125083,125091],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125076,125077,125079,125081],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125078,61],{"class":43690},[42,125080,4183],{"class":43694},[42,125082,3689],{"class":43690},[42,125084,125085,125087,125089],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125086,61],{"class":43690},[42,125088,50608],{"class":43694},[42,125090,3689],{"class":43690},[42,125092,125093,125095,125097],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125094,61],{"class":43690},[42,125096,89246],{"class":43694},[42,125098,3689],{"class":43690},[14,125100,21335,125101,125103],{},[17,125102,50658],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,125105,125106,125107,1935],{},"You can check the type with ",[17,125108,2630],{},[33,125110,125112],{"className":35,"code":125111,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,125113,125114,125126,125135,125139,125153],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125115,125116,125118,125120,125122,125124],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125117,35048],{"class":114},[42,125119,88],{"class":87},[42,125121,73],{"class":60},[42,125123,50608],{"class":64},[42,125125,3689],{"class":60},[42,125127,125128,125130,125132],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125129,2542],{"class":114},[42,125131,88],{"class":87},[42,125133,125134],{"class":2348}," 123\n",[42,125136,125137],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125138,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,125140,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149,125151],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,125142,284],{"class":52},[42,125144,57],{"class":56},[42,125146,835],{"class":834},[42,125148,57],{"class":56},[42,125150,444],{"class":125},[42,125152,842],{"class":56},[42,125154,125155,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,125156,284],{"class":52},[42,125158,57],{"class":56},[42,125160,835],{"class":834},[42,125162,57],{"class":56},[42,125164,2565],{"class":125},[42,125166,842],{"class":56},[14,125168,2395],{},[33,125170,125172],{"className":35,"code":125171,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,125173,125174,125188],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125175,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125186],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125177,855],{"class":87},[42,125179,859],{"class":858},[42,125181,862],{"class":60},[42,125183,3775],{"class":64},[42,125185,868],{"class":60},[42,125187,871],{"class":87},[42,125189,125190,125192,125194,125196,125198,125200],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125191,855],{"class":87},[42,125193,859],{"class":858},[42,125195,862],{"class":60},[42,125197,2513],{"class":64},[42,125199,868],{"class":60},[42,125201,871],{"class":87},[14,125203,125204,125205,122],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[693,125206,125207],{"href":51338},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[28,125209,125211],{"id":125210},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,125213,125214],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,125216,125217],{},"You can use single quotes:",[33,125219,125221],{"className":35,"code":125220,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[17,125222,125223,125236],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125224,125225,125228,125230,125232,125234],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125226,125227],{"class":114},"greeting ",[42,125229,88],{"class":87},[42,125231,862],{"class":60},[42,125233,4183],{"class":64},[42,125235,30059],{"class":60},[42,125237,125238,125240,125242,125245],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125239,284],{"class":52},[42,125241,57],{"class":56},[42,125243,125244],{"class":125},"greeting",[42,125246,143],{"class":56},[14,125248,125249],{},"Or double quotes:",[33,125251,125253],{"className":35,"code":125252,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[17,125254,125255,125267],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125256,125257,125259,125261,125263,125265],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125258,125227],{"class":114},[42,125260,88],{"class":87},[42,125262,73],{"class":60},[42,125264,4183],{"class":64},[42,125266,3689],{"class":60},[42,125268,125269,125271,125273,125275],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125270,284],{"class":52},[42,125272,57],{"class":56},[42,125274,125244],{"class":125},[42,125276,143],{"class":56},[14,125278,125279],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,125281,125282],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[28,125284,125286],{"id":125285},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,125288,125289],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,125291,125292,125293,1327,125295,1935],{},"Use either ",[17,125294,6618],{},[17,125296,4110],{},[33,125298,125300],{"className":35,"code":125299,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[17,125301,125302,125311,125320,125324,125335,125346],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125303,125304,125307,125309],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125305,125306],{"class":114},"empty1 ",[42,125308,88],{"class":87},[42,125310,8231],{"class":60},[42,125312,125313,125316,125318],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125314,125315],{"class":114},"empty2 ",[42,125317,88],{"class":87},[42,125319,47857],{"class":60},[42,125321,125322],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125323,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,125325,125326,125328,125330,125333],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,125327,284],{"class":52},[42,125329,57],{"class":56},[42,125331,125332],{"class":125},"empty1",[42,125334,143],{"class":56},[42,125336,125337,125339,125341,125344],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,125338,284],{"class":52},[42,125340,57],{"class":56},[42,125342,125343],{"class":125},"empty2",[42,125345,143],{"class":56},[42,125347,125348,125350,125352,125354,125356,125358],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,125349,284],{"class":52},[42,125351,57],{"class":56},[42,125353,835],{"class":834},[42,125355,57],{"class":56},[42,125357,125332],{"class":125},[42,125359,842],{"class":56},[14,125361,2395],{},[33,125363,125364],{"className":35,"code":46133,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,125365,125366],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125369,855],{"class":87},[42,125371,859],{"class":858},[42,125373,862],{"class":60},[42,125375,3775],{"class":64},[42,125377,868],{"class":60},[42,125379,871],{"class":87},[14,125381,125382],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[28,125384,125386],{"id":125385},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,125388,125389],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,125391,125392],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[33,125394,125396],{"className":35,"code":125395,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125397,125398,125409,125414,125421,125425],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125399,125400,125402,125404,125407],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125401,90104],{"class":114},[42,125403,88],{"class":87},[42,125405,125406],{"class":60}," \"\"\"",[42,125408,89046],{"class":64},[42,125410,125411],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125412,125413],{"class":64},"Welcome to Python\n",[42,125415,125416,125419],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125417,125418],{"class":64},"Have a nice day",[42,125420,43698],{"class":60},[42,125422,125423],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,125424,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,125426,125427,125429,125431,125433],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,125428,284],{"class":52},[42,125430,57],{"class":56},[42,125432,90121],{"class":125},[42,125434,143],{"class":56},[14,125436,125437],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[33,125439,125441],{"className":35,"code":125440,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125442,125443,125455,125460,125468,125472],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125444,125445,125447,125449,125452],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125446,90104],{"class":114},[42,125448,88],{"class":87},[42,125450,125451],{"class":60}," '''",[42,125453,125454],{"class":64},"Line 1\n",[42,125456,125457],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125458,125459],{"class":64},"Line 2\n",[42,125461,125462,125465],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125463,125464],{"class":64},"Line 3",[42,125466,125467],{"class":60},"'''\n",[42,125469,125470],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,125471,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,125473,125474,125476,125478,125480],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,125475,284],{"class":52},[42,125477,57],{"class":56},[42,125479,90121],{"class":125},[42,125481,143],{"class":56},[14,125483,125484],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,125486,125487],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[28,125489,125491],{"id":125490},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,125493,2303,125494,125496],{},[17,125495,48045],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,125498,125499],{},"Example with a number:",[33,125501,125503],{"className":35,"code":125502,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,125504,125505,125519,125529],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125506,125507,125509,125511,125513,125515,125517],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125508,35048],{"class":114},[42,125510,88],{"class":87},[42,125512,49266],{"class":834},[42,125514,57],{"class":56},[42,125516,46889],{"class":2348},[42,125518,143],{"class":56},[42,125520,125521,125523,125525,125527],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125522,284],{"class":52},[42,125524,57],{"class":56},[42,125526,444],{"class":125},[42,125528,143],{"class":56},[42,125530,125531,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125532,284],{"class":52},[42,125534,57],{"class":56},[42,125536,835],{"class":834},[42,125538,57],{"class":56},[42,125540,444],{"class":125},[42,125542,842],{"class":56},[14,125544,2395],{},[33,125546,125548],{"className":35,"code":125547,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,125549,125550,125554],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125551,125552],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125553,46975],{"class":2348},[42,125555,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564,125566],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125557,855],{"class":87},[42,125559,859],{"class":858},[42,125561,862],{"class":60},[42,125563,3775],{"class":64},[42,125565,868],{"class":60},[42,125567,871],{"class":87},[14,125569,125570],{},"You can also convert other values:",[33,125572,125574],{"className":35,"code":125573,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[17,125575,125576,125590],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125577,125578,125580,125582,125584,125586,125588],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125579,284],{"class":52},[42,125581,57],{"class":56},[42,125583,3775],{"class":834},[42,125585,57],{"class":56},[42,125587,3937],{"class":4190},[42,125589,842],{"class":56},[42,125591,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125593,284],{"class":52},[42,125595,57],{"class":56},[42,125597,3775],{"class":834},[42,125599,57],{"class":56},[42,125601,40506],{"class":2348},[42,125603,842],{"class":56},[14,125605,125606],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[33,125608,125610],{"className":35,"code":125609,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,125611,125612,125620,125642,125646],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125613,125614,125616,125618],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125615,21986],{"class":114},[42,125617,88],{"class":87},[42,125619,45588],{"class":2348},[42,125621,125622,125624,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636,125638,125640],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125623,90104],{"class":114},[42,125625,88],{"class":87},[42,125627,73],{"class":60},[42,125629,89522],{"class":64},[42,125631,61],{"class":60},[42,125633,2784],{"class":87},[42,125635,49266],{"class":834},[42,125637,57],{"class":56},[42,125639,9649],{"class":125},[42,125641,143],{"class":56},[42,125643,125644],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125645,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,125647,125648,125650,125652,125654],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,125649,284],{"class":52},[42,125651,57],{"class":56},[42,125653,90121],{"class":125},[42,125655,143],{"class":56},[14,125657,125658,125659,1327,125663,122],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[693,125660,3908,125661,3841],{"href":42538},[17,125662,48045],{},[693,125664,125665],{"href":123377},"how to convert int to string in Python",[28,125667,125669],{"id":125668},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125671,125672],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125674,125675],{},"Both of these are valid:",[33,125677,125679],{"className":35,"code":125678,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[17,125680,125681,125693],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125682,125683,125685,125687,125689,125691],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125684,2886],{"class":114},[42,125686,88],{"class":87},[42,125688,862],{"class":60},[42,125690,7644],{"class":64},[42,125692,30059],{"class":60},[42,125694,125695,125697,125699,125701,125703],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125696,2914],{"class":114},[42,125698,88],{"class":87},[42,125700,73],{"class":60},[42,125702,7644],{"class":64},[42,125704,3689],{"class":60},[14,125706,125707],{},"A common rule is:",[167,125709,125710,125713,125716],{},[170,125711,125712],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[170,125714,125715],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[170,125717,125718],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125720,219],{},[33,125722,125724],{"className":35,"code":125723,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[17,125725,125726,125740,125754,125758,125769],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125727,125728,125731,125733,125735,125738],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125729,125730],{"class":114},"text1 ",[42,125732,88],{"class":87},[42,125734,73],{"class":60},[42,125736,125737],{"class":64},"It's working",[42,125739,3689],{"class":60},[42,125741,125742,125745,125747,125749,125752],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125743,125744],{"class":114},"text2 ",[42,125746,88],{"class":87},[42,125748,862],{"class":60},[42,125750,125751],{"class":64},"She said \"hello\"",[42,125753,30059],{"class":60},[42,125755,125756],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,125757,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,125759,125760,125762,125764,125767],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,125761,284],{"class":52},[42,125763,57],{"class":56},[42,125765,125766],{"class":125},"text1",[42,125768,143],{"class":56},[42,125770,125771,125773,125775,125778],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,125772,284],{"class":52},[42,125774,57],{"class":56},[42,125776,125777],{"class":125},"text2",[42,125779,143],{"class":56},[14,125781,125782],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[28,125784,125786],{"id":125785},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125788,125789],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125791,125792],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[33,125794,125796],{"className":35,"code":125795,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[17,125797,125798,125803],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125799,125800],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125801,125802],{"class":525},"# This will cause an error\n",[42,125804,125805],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125806,125807],{"class":525},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125809,125810,125811,35688,125813,125816],{},"Python sees the second ",[17,125812,868],{},[17,125814,125815],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125818,125819],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[33,125821,125823],{"className":35,"code":125822,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[17,125824,125825,125844],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125826,125827,125829,125831,125833,125836,125839,125842],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125828,35048],{"class":114},[42,125830,88],{"class":87},[42,125832,862],{"class":60},[42,125834,125835],{"class":64},"It",[42,125837,125838],{"class":657},"\\'",[42,125840,125841],{"class":64},"s working",[42,125843,30059],{"class":60},[42,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125847,284],{"class":52},[42,125849,57],{"class":56},[42,125851,444],{"class":125},[42,125853,143],{"class":56},[14,125855,125856],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[33,125858,125860],{"className":35,"code":125859,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,125861,125862,125874],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125863,125864,125866,125868,125870,125872],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125865,35048],{"class":114},[42,125867,88],{"class":87},[42,125869,73],{"class":60},[42,125871,125737],{"class":64},[42,125873,3689],{"class":60},[42,125875,125876,125878,125880,125882],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125877,284],{"class":52},[42,125879,57],{"class":56},[42,125881,444],{"class":125},[42,125883,143],{"class":56},[14,125885,125886],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125888,125889,125890,122],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[693,125891,125893],{"href":125892},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[28,125895,1929],{"id":1928},[14,125897,125898],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1073,125900,90311],{"id":90310},[14,125902,125903],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[33,125905,125907],{"className":35,"code":125906,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[17,125908,125909,125913],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125910,125911],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125912,125802],{"class":525},[42,125914,125915],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125916,125917],{"class":525},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125919,125920,125921,8952,125924,125926],{},"Python may raise a ",[17,125922,125923],{},"NameError",[17,125925,5346],{}," is not defined.",[14,125928,11160],{},[33,125930,125932],{"className":35,"code":125931,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[17,125933,125934,125946],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125935,125936,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125937,8226],{"class":114},[42,125939,88],{"class":87},[42,125941,73],{"class":60},[42,125943,5346],{"class":64},[42,125945,3689],{"class":60},[42,125947,125948,125950,125952,125954],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125949,284],{"class":52},[42,125951,57],{"class":56},[42,125953,8016],{"class":125},[42,125955,143],{"class":56},[1073,125957,125959],{"id":125958},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125961,125962],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[33,125964,125966],{"className":35,"code":125965,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[17,125967,125968,125972],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125969,125970],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125971,125802],{"class":525},[42,125973,125974],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,125975,125976],{"class":525},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125978,125979],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[33,125981,125983],{"className":35,"code":125982,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[17,125984,125985,126002,126015,126019,126029],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,125986,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995,125997,126000],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,125988,125730],{"class":114},[42,125990,88],{"class":87},[42,125992,862],{"class":60},[42,125994,125835],{"class":64},[42,125996,125838],{"class":657},[42,125998,125999],{"class":64},"s good",[42,126001,30059],{"class":60},[42,126003,126004,126006,126008,126010,126013],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126005,125744],{"class":114},[42,126007,88],{"class":87},[42,126009,73],{"class":60},[42,126011,126012],{"class":64},"It's good",[42,126014,3689],{"class":60},[42,126016,126017],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,126018,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,126022,284],{"class":52},[42,126024,57],{"class":56},[42,126026,125766],{"class":125},[42,126028,143],{"class":56},[42,126030,126031,126033,126035,126037],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,126032,284],{"class":52},[42,126034,57],{"class":56},[42,126036,125777],{"class":125},[42,126038,143],{"class":56},[1073,126040,126042],{"id":126041},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,126044,126045],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[33,126047,126049],{"className":35,"code":126048,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,126050,126051,126063],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126052,126053,126055,126057,126059,126061],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126054,35048],{"class":114},[42,126056,88],{"class":87},[42,126058,125406],{"class":60},[42,126060,4183],{"class":64},[42,126062,43698],{"class":60},[42,126064,126065,126067,126069,126071],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126066,284],{"class":52},[42,126068,57],{"class":56},[42,126070,444],{"class":125},[42,126072,143],{"class":56},[14,126074,126075],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[33,126077,126079],{"className":35,"code":126078,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[17,126080,126081,126093],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126084,35048],{"class":114},[42,126086,88],{"class":87},[42,126088,73],{"class":60},[42,126090,4183],{"class":64},[42,126092,3689],{"class":60},[42,126094,126095,126097,126099,126101],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126096,284],{"class":52},[42,126098,57],{"class":56},[42,126100,444],{"class":125},[42,126102,143],{"class":56},[1073,126104,4920,126106,1753,126108,126110],{"id":126105},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[17,126107,50608],{},[17,126109,50658],{}," are the same type",[14,126112,126113],{},"They are different:",[33,126115,126117],{"className":35,"code":126116,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[17,126118,126119,126128,126141,126145,126159],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126120,126121,126124,126126],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126122,126123],{"class":114},"value1 ",[42,126125,88],{"class":87},[42,126127,125134],{"class":2348},[42,126129,126130,126133,126135,126137,126139],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126131,126132],{"class":114},"value2 ",[42,126134,88],{"class":87},[42,126136,73],{"class":60},[42,126138,50608],{"class":64},[42,126140,3689],{"class":60},[42,126142,126143],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,126144,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,126146,126147,126149,126151,126153,126155,126157],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,126148,284],{"class":52},[42,126150,57],{"class":56},[42,126152,835],{"class":834},[42,126154,57],{"class":56},[42,126156,85131],{"class":125},[42,126158,842],{"class":56},[42,126160,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126172],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,126162,284],{"class":52},[42,126164,57],{"class":56},[42,126166,835],{"class":834},[42,126168,57],{"class":56},[42,126170,126171],{"class":125},"value2",[42,126173,842],{"class":56},[14,126175,2395],{},[33,126177,126179],{"className":35,"code":126178,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,126180,126181,126195],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126184,855],{"class":87},[42,126186,859],{"class":858},[42,126188,862],{"class":60},[42,126190,2513],{"class":64},[42,126192,868],{"class":60},[42,126194,871],{"class":87},[42,126196,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126198,855],{"class":87},[42,126200,859],{"class":858},[42,126202,862],{"class":60},[42,126204,3775],{"class":64},[42,126206,868],{"class":60},[42,126208,871],{"class":87},[1073,126210,126212],{"id":126211},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,126214,126215],{},"This causes a type error:",[33,126217,126219],{"className":35,"code":126218,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[17,126220,126221,126225,126230],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126222,126223],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126224,125802],{"class":525},[42,126226,126227],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126228,126229],{"class":525},"# age = 10\n",[42,126231,126232],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,126233,126234],{"class":525},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,126236,126237,126238,1935],{},"Fix it with ",[17,126239,48045],{},[33,126241,126243],{"className":35,"code":126242,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[17,126244,126245,126253,126275,126279],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126246,126247,126249,126251],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126248,21986],{"class":114},[42,126250,88],{"class":87},[42,126252,2919],{"class":2348},[42,126254,126255,126257,126259,126261,126263,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126256,90104],{"class":114},[42,126258,88],{"class":87},[42,126260,73],{"class":60},[42,126262,89522],{"class":64},[42,126264,61],{"class":60},[42,126266,2784],{"class":87},[42,126268,49266],{"class":834},[42,126270,57],{"class":56},[42,126272,9649],{"class":125},[42,126274,143],{"class":56},[42,126276,126277],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,126278,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,126280,126281,126283,126285,126287],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,126282,284],{"class":52},[42,126284,57],{"class":56},[42,126286,90121],{"class":125},[42,126288,143],{"class":56},[14,126290,126291,126292,122],{},"For this specific error, see ",[693,126293,90503],{"href":90502},[1073,126295,61074],{"id":61073},[14,126297,126298],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[33,126300,126302],{"className":35,"code":126301,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[17,126303,126304,126316,126320,126330,126344],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126305,126306,126308,126310,126312,126314],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126307,35048],{"class":114},[42,126309,88],{"class":87},[42,126311,73],{"class":60},[42,126313,4183],{"class":64},[42,126315,3689],{"class":60},[42,126317,126318],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126319,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,126321,126322,126324,126326,126328],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,126323,284],{"class":52},[42,126325,57],{"class":56},[42,126327,444],{"class":125},[42,126329,143],{"class":56},[42,126331,126332,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,126333,284],{"class":52},[42,126335,57],{"class":56},[42,126337,835],{"class":834},[42,126339,57],{"class":56},[42,126341,444],{"class":125},[42,126343,842],{"class":56},[42,126345,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,126347,284],{"class":52},[42,126349,57],{"class":56},[42,126351,42142],{"class":52},[42,126353,57],{"class":56},[42,126355,444],{"class":125},[42,126357,842],{"class":56},[167,126359,126360,126365,126370],{},[170,126361,126362,46641],{},[17,126363,126364],{},"print(text)",[170,126366,126367,46646],{},[17,126368,126369],{},"print(type(text))",[170,126371,126372,126375],{},[17,126373,126374],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[28,126377,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,126379,126381],{"id":126380},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,126383,126384,126385,1327,126388,122],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[17,126386,126387],{},"'hello'",[17,126389,64899],{},[1073,126391,126393],{"id":126392},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,126395,126396],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1073,126398,126400],{"id":126399},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,126402,146,126403,1327,126405,122],{},[17,126404,6618],{},[17,126406,4110],{},[1073,126408,126410],{"id":126409},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,126412,146,126413,126415,126416,126418,126419,122],{},[17,126414,48045],{},", like ",[17,126417,80742],{},", which returns ",[17,126420,42489],{},[1073,126422,126424],{"id":126423},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,126426,126427],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[28,126429,2205],{"id":2204},[167,126431,126432,126436,126442,126447,126456,126460],{},[170,126433,126434],{},[693,126435,125207],{"href":51338},[170,126437,126438],{},[693,126439,3908,126440,3841],{"href":42538},[17,126441,48045],{},[170,126443,126444],{},[693,126445,126446],{"href":123377},"How to convert int to string in Python",[170,126448,126449],{},[693,126450,126452,126453,11093],{"href":126451},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[17,126454,126455],{},"format()",[170,126457,126458],{},[693,126459,125893],{"href":125892},[170,126461,126462],{},[693,126463,90503],{"href":90502},[2245,126465,126466],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":126468},[126469,126470,126471,126472,126473,126474,126475,126476,126477,126486,126493],{"id":15519,"depth":111,"text":15520},{"id":125046,"depth":111,"text":125047},{"id":125210,"depth":111,"text":125211},{"id":125285,"depth":111,"text":125286},{"id":125385,"depth":111,"text":125386},{"id":125490,"depth":111,"text":125491},{"id":125668,"depth":111,"text":125669},{"id":125785,"depth":111,"text":125786},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":126478},[126479,126480,126481,126482,126484,126485],{"id":90310,"depth":132,"text":90311},{"id":125958,"depth":132,"text":125959},{"id":126041,"depth":132,"text":126042},{"id":126105,"depth":132,"text":126483},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126211,"depth":132,"text":126212},{"id":61073,"depth":132,"text":61074},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":126487},[126488,126489,126490,126491,126492],{"id":126380,"depth":132,"text":126381},{"id":126392,"depth":132,"text":126393},{"id":126399,"depth":132,"text":126400},{"id":126409,"depth":132,"text":126410},{"id":126423,"depth":132,"text":126424},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124908,"description":126494},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126501,"title":126502,"body":126503,"description":128417,"extension":2285,"meta":128418,"navigation":2287,"path":128419,"seo":128420,"stem":128421,"__hash__":128422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126504,"toc":128378},[126505,126511,126516,126524,126526,126593,126595,126607,126616,126621,126625,126642,126644,126709,126711,126723,126728,126730,126758,126779,126782,126821,126823,126831,126835,126839,126843,126851,126854,126895,126897,126905,126908,126965,126967,126975,126979,126984,127028,127030,127038,127047,127051,127056,127104,127106,127114,127120,127122,127126,127138,127143,127222,127224,127244,127248,127252,127292,127294,127302,127306,127349,127351,127359,127363,127403,127405,127413,127417,127473,127475,127483,127489,127491,127495,127505,127572,127574,127587,127594,127637,127639,127647,127651,127654,127710,127712,127720,127723,127725,127802,127804,127812,127821,127823,127827,127831,127833,127855,127858,127905,127909,127948,127950,127958,127960,128002,128009,128014,128076,128078,128090,128096,128101,128150,128152,128171,128177,128179,128198,128200,128291,128293,128299,128306,128312,128318,128323,128332,128339,128347,128349,128375],[10,126506,123452,126508,11676],{"id":126507},"python-string-endswith-method",[17,126509,126510],{},"endswith()",[14,126512,123457,126513,126515],{},[17,126514,126510],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126517,126518,126519,1327,126521,126523],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[17,126520,3937],{},[17,126522,4009],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[28,126525,31],{"id":30},[33,126527,126529],{"className":35,"code":126528,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[17,126530,126531,126545,126570],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126532,126533,126536,126538,126540,126543],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126534,126535],{"class":114},"filename ",[42,126537,88],{"class":87},[42,126539,73],{"class":60},[42,126541,126542],{"class":64},"report.csv",[42,126544,3689],{"class":60},[42,126546,126547,126549,126551,126554,126556,126559,126561,126563,126566,126568],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126548,284],{"class":52},[42,126550,57],{"class":56},[42,126552,126553],{"class":125},"filename",[42,126555,122],{"class":56},[42,126557,126558],{"class":125},"endswith",[42,126560,57],{"class":56},[42,126562,61],{"class":60},[42,126564,126565],{"class":64},".csv",[42,126567,61],{"class":60},[42,126569,842],{"class":56},[42,126571,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126589,126591],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,126573,284],{"class":52},[42,126575,57],{"class":56},[42,126577,126553],{"class":125},[42,126579,122],{"class":56},[42,126581,126558],{"class":125},[42,126583,57],{"class":56},[42,126585,61],{"class":60},[42,126587,126588],{"class":64},".txt",[42,126590,61],{"class":60},[42,126592,842],{"class":56},[14,126594,2395],{},[33,126596,126597],{"className":35,"code":44536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,126598,126599,126603],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126600,126601],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126602,4318],{"class":4190},[42,126604,126605],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126606,4379],{"class":4190},[14,126608,146,126609,5713,126611,1327,126613,126615],{},[17,126610,126510],{},[17,126612,3937],{},[17,126614,4009],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[28,126617,4013,126619,4016],{"id":126618},"what-endswith-does",[17,126620,126510],{},[14,126622,126623,1935],{},[17,126624,126510],{},[167,126626,126627,126630,126636,126639],{},[170,126628,126629],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[170,126631,11778,126632,1327,126634],{},[17,126633,3937],{},[17,126635,4009],{},[170,126637,126638],{},"Does not change the original string",[170,126640,126641],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126643,219],{},[33,126645,126647],{"className":35,"code":126646,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[17,126648,126649,126661,126665,126687],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126650,126651,126653,126655,126657,126659],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126652,35048],{"class":114},[42,126654,88],{"class":87},[42,126656,73],{"class":60},[42,126658,60772],{"class":64},[42,126660,3689],{"class":60},[42,126662,126663],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126664,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,126666,126667,126669,126671,126673,126675,126677,126679,126681,126683,126685],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,126668,284],{"class":52},[42,126670,57],{"class":56},[42,126672,444],{"class":125},[42,126674,122],{"class":56},[42,126676,126558],{"class":125},[42,126678,57],{"class":56},[42,126680,61],{"class":60},[42,126682,60955],{"class":64},[42,126684,61],{"class":60},[42,126686,842],{"class":56},[42,126688,126689,126691,126693,126695,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,126690,284],{"class":52},[42,126692,57],{"class":56},[42,126694,444],{"class":125},[42,126696,122],{"class":56},[42,126698,126558],{"class":125},[42,126700,57],{"class":56},[42,126702,61],{"class":60},[42,126704,4183],{"class":64},[42,126706,61],{"class":60},[42,126708,842],{"class":56},[14,126710,2395],{},[33,126712,126713],{"className":35,"code":44536,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,126714,126715,126719],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126716,126717],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126718,4318],{"class":4190},[42,126720,126721],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126722,4379],{"class":4190},[14,126724,126725,126726,122],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[693,126727,125207],{"href":51338},[28,126729,312],{"id":311},[33,126731,126733],{"className":35,"code":126732,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[17,126734,126735],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126736,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126738,61538],{"class":114},[42,126740,122],{"class":56},[42,126742,126558],{"class":125},[42,126744,57],{"class":56},[42,126746,126747],{"class":125},"suffix",[42,126749,70],{"class":56},[42,126751,36411],{"class":125},[42,126753,70],{"class":56},[42,126755,65405],{"class":125},[42,126757,143],{"class":56},[167,126759,126760,126765,126772],{},[170,126761,126762,126764],{},[17,126763,126747],{}," is required",[170,126766,126767,1753,126769,126771],{},[17,126768,36432],{},[17,126770,53024],{}," are optional",[170,126773,126774,1753,126776,126778],{},[17,126775,36432],{},[17,126777,53024],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126780,126781],{},"Basic example:",[33,126783,126785],{"className":35,"code":126784,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[17,126786,126787,126799],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126788,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126790,126535],{"class":114},[42,126792,88],{"class":87},[42,126794,73],{"class":60},[42,126796,390],{"class":64},[42,126798,3689],{"class":60},[42,126800,126801,126803,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126802,284],{"class":52},[42,126804,57],{"class":56},[42,126806,126553],{"class":125},[42,126808,122],{"class":56},[42,126810,126558],{"class":125},[42,126812,57],{"class":56},[42,126814,61],{"class":60},[42,126816,126588],{"class":64},[42,126818,61],{"class":60},[42,126820,842],{"class":56},[14,126822,2395],{},[33,126824,126825],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,126826,126827],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126828,126829],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126830,4318],{"class":4190},[28,126832,126834],{"id":126833},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1073,126836,126837],{"id":126747},[17,126838,126747],{},[14,126840,126841,31109],{},[17,126842,126747],{},[167,126844,126845,126848],{},[170,126846,126847],{},"A single string",[170,126849,126850],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126852,126853],{},"Single suffix:",[33,126855,126857],{"className":35,"code":126856,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[17,126858,126859,126872],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126860,126861,126863,126865,126867,126870],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126862,8226],{"class":114},[42,126864,88],{"class":87},[42,126866,73],{"class":60},[42,126868,126869],{"class":64},"image.png",[42,126871,3689],{"class":60},[42,126873,126874,126876,126878,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126891,126893],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126875,284],{"class":52},[42,126877,57],{"class":56},[42,126879,8016],{"class":125},[42,126881,122],{"class":56},[42,126883,126558],{"class":125},[42,126885,57],{"class":56},[42,126887,61],{"class":60},[42,126889,126890],{"class":64},".png",[42,126892,61],{"class":60},[42,126894,842],{"class":56},[14,126896,2395],{},[33,126898,126899],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,126900,126901],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126902,126903],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126904,4318],{"class":4190},[14,126906,126907],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[33,126909,126911],{"className":35,"code":126910,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,126912,126913,126925],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126914,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126916,8226],{"class":114},[42,126918,88],{"class":87},[42,126920,73],{"class":60},[42,126922,126869],{"class":64},[42,126924,3689],{"class":60},[42,126926,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126944,126946,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126961,126963],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,126928,284],{"class":52},[42,126930,57],{"class":56},[42,126932,8016],{"class":125},[42,126934,122],{"class":56},[42,126936,126558],{"class":125},[42,126938,5855],{"class":56},[42,126940,61],{"class":60},[42,126942,126943],{"class":64},".jpg",[42,126945,61],{"class":60},[42,126947,70],{"class":56},[42,126949,73],{"class":60},[42,126951,126890],{"class":64},[42,126953,61],{"class":60},[42,126955,70],{"class":56},[42,126957,73],{"class":60},[42,126959,126960],{"class":64},".gif",[42,126962,61],{"class":60},[42,126964,3243],{"class":56},[14,126966,2395],{},[33,126968,126969],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,126970,126971],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126972,126973],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126974,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,126976,126977],{"id":36432},[17,126978,36432],{},[14,126980,126981,126983],{},[17,126982,36432],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[33,126985,126987],{"className":35,"code":126986,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[17,126988,126989,127002],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,126990,126991,126993,126995,126997,127000],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,126992,35048],{"class":114},[42,126994,88],{"class":87},[42,126996,73],{"class":60},[42,126998,126999],{"class":64},"my_report.csv",[42,127001,3689],{"class":60},[42,127003,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022,127024,127026],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127005,284],{"class":52},[42,127007,57],{"class":56},[42,127009,444],{"class":125},[42,127011,122],{"class":56},[42,127013,126558],{"class":125},[42,127015,57],{"class":56},[42,127017,61],{"class":60},[42,127019,126565],{"class":64},[42,127021,61],{"class":60},[42,127023,70],{"class":56},[42,127025,2781],{"class":2348},[42,127027,842],{"class":56},[14,127029,2395],{},[33,127031,127032],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127033,127034],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127035,127036],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127037,4318],{"class":4190},[14,127039,127040,127041,127043,127044,122],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[17,127042,2387],{}," onward, which is ",[17,127045,127046],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1073,127048,127049],{"id":53024},[17,127050,53024],{},[14,127052,127053,127055],{},[17,127054,53024],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[33,127057,127059],{"className":35,"code":127058,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[17,127060,127061,127074],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127062,127063,127065,127067,127069,127072],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127064,35048],{"class":114},[42,127066,88],{"class":87},[42,127068,73],{"class":60},[42,127070,127071],{"class":64},"report.csv backup",[42,127073,3689],{"class":60},[42,127075,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094,127096,127098,127100,127102],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127077,284],{"class":52},[42,127079,57],{"class":56},[42,127081,444],{"class":125},[42,127083,122],{"class":56},[42,127085,126558],{"class":125},[42,127087,57],{"class":56},[42,127089,61],{"class":60},[42,127091,126565],{"class":64},[42,127093,61],{"class":60},[42,127095,70],{"class":56},[42,127097,4171],{"class":2348},[42,127099,70],{"class":56},[42,127101,6350],{"class":2348},[42,127103,842],{"class":56},[14,127105,2395],{},[33,127107,127108],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127109,127110],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127111,127112],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127113,4318],{"class":4190},[14,127115,127116,127117,127119],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[17,127118,127046],{}," and ignores the rest.",[28,127121,17778],{"id":17777},[14,127123,127124,25866],{},[17,127125,126510],{},[167,127127,127128,127133],{},[170,127129,127130,127132],{},[17,127131,3937],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[170,127134,127135,127137],{},[17,127136,4009],{}," if it does not",[14,127139,127140,127141,7520],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[17,127142,7345],{},[33,127144,127146],{"className":35,"code":127145,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[17,127147,127148,127161,127165,127186,127201,127207],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127149,127150,127152,127154,127156,127159],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127151,126535],{"class":114},[42,127153,88],{"class":87},[42,127155,73],{"class":60},[42,127157,127158],{"class":64},"data.csv",[42,127160,3689],{"class":60},[42,127162,127163],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127164,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,127166,127167,127169,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,127168,7345],{"class":48},[42,127170,127171],{"class":114}," filename",[42,127173,122],{"class":56},[42,127175,126558],{"class":125},[42,127177,57],{"class":56},[42,127179,61],{"class":60},[42,127181,126565],{"class":64},[42,127183,61],{"class":60},[42,127185,8692],{"class":56},[42,127187,127188,127190,127192,127194,127197,127199],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,127189,135],{"class":52},[42,127191,57],{"class":56},[42,127193,61],{"class":60},[42,127195,127196],{"class":64},"This is a CSV file.",[42,127198,61],{"class":60},[42,127200,143],{"class":56},[42,127202,127203,127205],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,127204,27792],{"class":48},[42,127206,108],{"class":56},[42,127208,127209,127211,127213,127215,127218,127220],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,127210,135],{"class":52},[42,127212,57],{"class":56},[42,127214,61],{"class":60},[42,127216,127217],{"class":64},"This is not a CSV file.",[42,127219,61],{"class":60},[42,127221,143],{"class":56},[14,127223,2395],{},[33,127225,127227],{"className":35,"code":127226,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"This is a CSV file.\n",[17,127228,127229],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127230,127231,127233,127235,127237,127240,127242],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127232,50241],{"class":114},[42,127234,12549],{"class":87},[42,127236,44907],{"class":114},[42,127238,127239],{"class":657},"CSV",[42,127241,105],{"class":104},[42,127243,122484],{"class":56},[28,127245,127247],{"id":127246},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1073,127249,127251],{"id":127250},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[33,127253,127255],{"className":35,"code":127254,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127256,127257,127270],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127258,127259,127261,127263,127265,127268],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127260,126535],{"class":114},[42,127262,88],{"class":87},[42,127264,73],{"class":60},[42,127266,127267],{"class":64},"sales.csv",[42,127269,3689],{"class":60},[42,127271,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127273,284],{"class":52},[42,127275,57],{"class":56},[42,127277,126553],{"class":125},[42,127279,122],{"class":56},[42,127281,126558],{"class":125},[42,127283,57],{"class":56},[42,127285,61],{"class":60},[42,127287,126565],{"class":64},[42,127289,61],{"class":60},[42,127291,842],{"class":56},[14,127293,2395],{},[33,127295,127296],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127297,127298],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127299,127300],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127301,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,127303,127305],{"id":127304},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[33,127307,127309],{"className":35,"code":127308,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[17,127310,127311,127325],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127312,127313,127316,127318,127320,127323],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127314,127315],{"class":114},"url ",[42,127317,88],{"class":87},[42,127319,73],{"class":60},[42,127321,127322],{"class":64},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[42,127324,3689],{"class":60},[42,127326,127327,127329,127331,127334,127336,127338,127340,127342,127345,127347],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127328,284],{"class":52},[42,127330,57],{"class":56},[42,127332,127333],{"class":125},"url",[42,127335,122],{"class":56},[42,127337,126558],{"class":125},[42,127339,57],{"class":56},[42,127341,61],{"class":60},[42,127343,127344],{"class":64},"\u002F",[42,127346,61],{"class":60},[42,127348,842],{"class":56},[14,127350,2395],{},[33,127352,127353],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127354,127355],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127356,127357],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127358,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,127360,127362],{"id":127361},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[33,127364,127366],{"className":35,"code":127365,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[17,127367,127368,127381],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127369,127370,127372,127374,127376,127379],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127371,90104],{"class":114},[42,127373,88],{"class":87},[42,127375,73],{"class":60},[42,127377,127378],{"class":64},"Hello!",[42,127380,3689],{"class":60},[42,127382,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127384,284],{"class":52},[42,127386,57],{"class":56},[42,127388,90121],{"class":125},[42,127390,122],{"class":56},[42,127392,126558],{"class":125},[42,127394,57],{"class":56},[42,127396,61],{"class":60},[42,127398,89945],{"class":64},[42,127400,61],{"class":60},[42,127402,842],{"class":56},[14,127404,2395],{},[33,127406,127407],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127408,127409],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127410,127411],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127412,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,127414,127416],{"id":127415},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[33,127418,127420],{"className":35,"code":127419,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,127421,127422,127435],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127423,127424,127426,127428,127430,127433],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127425,126535],{"class":114},[42,127427,88],{"class":87},[42,127429,73],{"class":60},[42,127431,127432],{"class":64},"photo.jpg",[42,127434,3689],{"class":60},[42,127436,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127438,284],{"class":52},[42,127440,57],{"class":56},[42,127442,126553],{"class":125},[42,127444,122],{"class":56},[42,127446,126558],{"class":125},[42,127448,5855],{"class":56},[42,127450,61],{"class":60},[42,127452,126943],{"class":64},[42,127454,61],{"class":60},[42,127456,70],{"class":56},[42,127458,73],{"class":60},[42,127460,126890],{"class":64},[42,127462,61],{"class":60},[42,127464,70],{"class":56},[42,127466,73],{"class":60},[42,127468,126960],{"class":64},[42,127470,61],{"class":60},[42,127472,3243],{"class":56},[14,127474,2395],{},[33,127476,127477],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127478,127479],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127480,127481],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127482,4318],{"class":4190},[14,127484,127485,127486,122],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[693,127487,127488],{"href":123707},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[28,127490,124099],{"id":124098},[14,127492,127493,123910],{},[17,127494,126510],{},[14,127496,127497,127498,1753,127501,127504],{},"That means ",[17,127499,127500],{},"\".CSV\"",[17,127502,127503],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[33,127506,127508],{"className":35,"code":127507,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[17,127509,127510,127523,127527,127549],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127511,127512,127514,127516,127518,127521],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127513,126535],{"class":114},[42,127515,88],{"class":87},[42,127517,73],{"class":60},[42,127519,127520],{"class":64},"REPORT.CSV",[42,127522,3689],{"class":60},[42,127524,127525],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127526,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,127528,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,127530,284],{"class":52},[42,127532,57],{"class":56},[42,127534,126553],{"class":125},[42,127536,122],{"class":56},[42,127538,126558],{"class":125},[42,127540,57],{"class":56},[42,127542,61],{"class":60},[42,127544,126565],{"class":64},[42,127546,61],{"class":60},[42,127548,842],{"class":56},[42,127550,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127568,127570],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,127552,284],{"class":52},[42,127554,57],{"class":56},[42,127556,126553],{"class":125},[42,127558,122],{"class":56},[42,127560,126558],{"class":125},[42,127562,57],{"class":56},[42,127564,61],{"class":60},[42,127566,127567],{"class":64},".CSV",[42,127569,61],{"class":60},[42,127571,842],{"class":56},[14,127573,2395],{},[33,127575,127577],{"className":35,"code":127576,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"False\nTrue\n",[17,127578,127579,127583],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127580,127581],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127582,4379],{"class":4190},[42,127584,127585],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127586,4318],{"class":4190},[14,127588,127589,127590,122],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[693,127591,127592],{"href":124179},[17,127593,124182],{},[33,127595,127597],{"className":35,"code":127596,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127598,127599,127611],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127600,127601,127603,127605,127607,127609],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127602,126535],{"class":114},[42,127604,88],{"class":87},[42,127606,73],{"class":60},[42,127608,127520],{"class":64},[42,127610,3689],{"class":60},[42,127612,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633,127635],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127614,284],{"class":52},[42,127616,57],{"class":56},[42,127618,126553],{"class":125},[42,127620,122],{"class":56},[42,127622,8990],{"class":125},[42,127624,8987],{"class":56},[42,127626,126558],{"class":125},[42,127628,57],{"class":56},[42,127630,61],{"class":60},[42,127632,126565],{"class":64},[42,127634,61],{"class":60},[42,127636,842],{"class":56},[14,127638,2395],{},[33,127640,127641],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127642,127643],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127644,127645],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127646,4318],{"class":4190},[28,127648,127650],{"id":127649},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127652,127653],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[33,127655,127657],{"className":35,"code":127656,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[17,127658,127659,127672],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127660,127661,127663,127665,127667,127670],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127662,126535],{"class":114},[42,127664,88],{"class":87},[42,127666,73],{"class":60},[42,127668,127669],{"class":64},"picture.gif",[42,127671,3689],{"class":60},[42,127673,127674,127676,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127675,284],{"class":52},[42,127677,57],{"class":56},[42,127679,126553],{"class":125},[42,127681,122],{"class":56},[42,127683,126558],{"class":125},[42,127685,5855],{"class":56},[42,127687,61],{"class":60},[42,127689,126943],{"class":64},[42,127691,61],{"class":60},[42,127693,70],{"class":56},[42,127695,73],{"class":60},[42,127697,126890],{"class":64},[42,127699,61],{"class":60},[42,127701,70],{"class":56},[42,127703,73],{"class":60},[42,127705,126960],{"class":64},[42,127707,61],{"class":60},[42,127709,3243],{"class":56},[14,127711,2395],{},[33,127713,127714],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127715,127716],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127717,127718],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127719,4318],{"class":4190},[14,127721,127722],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127724,52443],{},[33,127726,127728],{"className":35,"code":127727,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[17,127729,127730,127743,127778,127782],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127731,127732,127735,127737,127739,127741],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127733,127734],{"class":114},"document ",[42,127736,88],{"class":87},[42,127738,73],{"class":60},[42,127740,390],{"class":64},[42,127742,3689],{"class":60},[42,127744,127745,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127765,127767,127769,127771,127774,127776],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127746,127747],{"class":114},"allowed ",[42,127749,88],{"class":87},[42,127751,9586],{"class":56},[42,127753,61],{"class":60},[42,127755,126588],{"class":64},[42,127757,61],{"class":60},[42,127759,70],{"class":56},[42,127761,73],{"class":60},[42,127763,127764],{"class":64},".md",[42,127766,61],{"class":60},[42,127768,70],{"class":56},[42,127770,73],{"class":60},[42,127772,127773],{"class":64},".docx",[42,127775,61],{"class":60},[42,127777,143],{"class":56},[42,127779,127780],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,127781,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,127783,127784,127786,127788,127791,127793,127795,127797,127800],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,127785,284],{"class":52},[42,127787,57],{"class":56},[42,127789,127790],{"class":125},"document",[42,127792,122],{"class":56},[42,127794,126558],{"class":125},[42,127796,57],{"class":56},[42,127798,127799],{"class":125},"allowed",[42,127801,842],{"class":56},[14,127803,2395],{},[33,127805,127806],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127807,127808],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127809,127810],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127811,4318],{"class":4190},[14,127813,127814,127815,122],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[693,127816,126452,127818,11093],{"href":127817},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[17,127819,127820],{},"startswith()",[28,127822,1929],{"id":1928},[14,127824,8797,127825,122],{},[17,127826,126510],{},[1073,127828,127830],{"id":127829},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127832,4866],{},[33,127834,127836],{"className":35,"code":127835,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[17,127837,127838,127850],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127839,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127841,126535],{"class":114},[42,127843,88],{"class":87},[42,127845,73],{"class":60},[42,127847,127432],{"class":64},[42,127849,3689],{"class":60},[42,127851,127852],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127853,127854],{"class":525},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127856,127857],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[33,127859,127861],{"className":35,"code":127860,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[17,127862,127863,127875],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127864,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127866,126535],{"class":114},[42,127868,88],{"class":87},[42,127870,73],{"class":60},[42,127872,127432],{"class":64},[42,127874,3689],{"class":60},[42,127876,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897,127899,127901,127903],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127878,284],{"class":52},[42,127880,57],{"class":56},[42,127882,126553],{"class":125},[42,127884,122],{"class":56},[42,127886,126558],{"class":125},[42,127888,5855],{"class":56},[42,127890,61],{"class":60},[42,127892,126943],{"class":64},[42,127894,61],{"class":60},[42,127896,70],{"class":56},[42,127898,73],{"class":60},[42,127900,126890],{"class":64},[42,127902,61],{"class":60},[42,127904,3243],{"class":56},[1073,127906,127908],{"id":127907},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[33,127910,127912],{"className":35,"code":127911,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[17,127913,127914,127926],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127915,127916,127918,127920,127922,127924],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127917,126535],{"class":114},[42,127919,88],{"class":87},[42,127921,73],{"class":60},[42,127923,127520],{"class":64},[42,127925,3689],{"class":60},[42,127927,127928,127930,127932,127934,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127929,284],{"class":52},[42,127931,57],{"class":56},[42,127933,126553],{"class":125},[42,127935,122],{"class":56},[42,127937,126558],{"class":125},[42,127939,57],{"class":56},[42,127941,61],{"class":60},[42,127943,126565],{"class":64},[42,127945,61],{"class":60},[42,127947,842],{"class":56},[14,127949,2395],{},[33,127951,127952],{"className":35,"code":4379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127953,127954],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127955,127956],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127957,4379],{"class":4190},[14,127959,39624],{},[33,127961,127962],{"className":35,"code":127596,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,127963,127964,127976],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,127965,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,127967,126535],{"class":114},[42,127969,88],{"class":87},[42,127971,73],{"class":60},[42,127973,127520],{"class":64},[42,127975,3689],{"class":60},[42,127977,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,127979,284],{"class":52},[42,127981,57],{"class":56},[42,127983,126553],{"class":125},[42,127985,122],{"class":56},[42,127987,8990],{"class":125},[42,127989,8987],{"class":56},[42,127991,126558],{"class":125},[42,127993,57],{"class":56},[42,127995,61],{"class":60},[42,127997,126565],{"class":64},[42,127999,61],{"class":60},[42,128001,842],{"class":56},[1073,128003,37565,128005,9054,128007],{"id":128004},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[17,128006,126510],{},[17,128008,1299],{},[14,128010,128011,128013],{},[17,128012,126510],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[33,128015,128017],{"className":35,"code":128016,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[17,128018,128019,128032,128036,128058],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128020,128021,128023,128025,128027,128030],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128022,35048],{"class":114},[42,128024,88],{"class":87},[42,128026,73],{"class":60},[42,128028,128029],{"class":64},"my_report.csv.backup",[42,128031,3689],{"class":60},[42,128033,128034],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128035,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,128037,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050,128052,128054,128056],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,128039,284],{"class":52},[42,128041,57],{"class":56},[42,128043,444],{"class":125},[42,128045,122],{"class":56},[42,128047,126558],{"class":125},[42,128049,57],{"class":56},[42,128051,61],{"class":60},[42,128053,126565],{"class":64},[42,128055,61],{"class":60},[42,128057,842],{"class":56},[42,128059,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072,128074],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,128061,284],{"class":52},[42,128063,57],{"class":56},[42,128065,61],{"class":60},[42,128067,126565],{"class":64},[42,128069,61],{"class":60},[42,128071,21531],{"class":48},[42,128073,43203],{"class":125},[42,128075,143],{"class":56},[14,128077,2395],{},[33,128079,128080],{"className":35,"code":127576,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,128081,128082,128086],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128083,128084],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128085,4379],{"class":4190},[42,128087,128088],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128089,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,128091,8803,128093,128095],{"id":128092},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[17,128094,126510],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,128097,128098,128100],{},[17,128099,126510],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[33,128102,128104],{"className":35,"code":128103,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[17,128105,128106,128118,128140],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128107,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128109,126535],{"class":114},[42,128111,88],{"class":87},[42,128113,73],{"class":60},[42,128115,126542],{"class":64},[42,128117,3689],{"class":60},[42,128119,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128121,284],{"class":52},[42,128123,57],{"class":56},[42,128125,126553],{"class":125},[42,128127,122],{"class":56},[42,128129,126558],{"class":125},[42,128131,57],{"class":56},[42,128133,61],{"class":60},[42,128135,126565],{"class":64},[42,128137,61],{"class":60},[42,128139,842],{"class":56},[42,128141,128142,128144,128146,128148],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,128143,284],{"class":52},[42,128145,57],{"class":56},[42,128147,126553],{"class":125},[42,128149,143],{"class":56},[14,128151,2395],{},[33,128153,128155],{"className":35,"code":128154,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nreport.csv\n",[17,128156,128157,128161],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128158,128159],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128160,4318],{"class":4190},[42,128162,128163,128166,128168],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128164,128165],{"class":114},"report",[42,128167,122],{"class":56},[42,128169,128170],{"class":2022},"csv\n",[14,128172,128173,128174,122],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[693,128175,128176],{"href":124620},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,128178,66427],{},[167,128180,128181,128184,128187,128190],{},[170,128182,128183],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[170,128185,128186],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[170,128188,128189],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[170,128191,1940,128192,44992,128194,1327,128196,111649],{},[17,128193,126510],{},[17,128195,124623],{},[17,128197,42016],{},[14,128199,30494],{},[33,128201,128203],{"className":35,"code":128202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[17,128204,128205,128215,128229,128251,128277],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128206,128207,128209,128211,128213],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128208,284],{"class":52},[42,128210,57],{"class":56},[42,128212,444],{"class":125},[42,128214,143],{"class":56},[42,128216,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225,128227],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128218,284],{"class":52},[42,128220,57],{"class":56},[42,128222,42142],{"class":52},[42,128224,57],{"class":56},[42,128226,444],{"class":125},[42,128228,842],{"class":56},[42,128230,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,128232,284],{"class":52},[42,128234,57],{"class":56},[42,128236,444],{"class":125},[42,128238,122],{"class":56},[42,128240,126558],{"class":125},[42,128242,57],{"class":56},[42,128244,868],{"class":60},[42,128246,126565],{"class":64},[42,128248,868],{"class":60},[42,128250,842],{"class":56},[42,128252,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,128254,284],{"class":52},[42,128256,57],{"class":56},[42,128258,444],{"class":125},[42,128260,122],{"class":56},[42,128262,8990],{"class":125},[42,128264,8987],{"class":56},[42,128266,126558],{"class":125},[42,128268,57],{"class":56},[42,128270,868],{"class":60},[42,128272,126565],{"class":64},[42,128274,868],{"class":60},[42,128276,842],{"class":56},[42,128278,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287,128289],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,128280,284],{"class":52},[42,128282,57],{"class":56},[42,128284,835],{"class":834},[42,128286,57],{"class":56},[42,128288,444],{"class":125},[42,128290,842],{"class":56},[28,128292,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,128294,13060,128296,128298],{"id":128295},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[17,128297,126510],{}," change the string?",[14,128300,128301,128302,1327,128304,122],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[17,128303,3937],{},[17,128305,4009],{},[1073,128307,5513,128309,128311],{"id":128308},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[17,128310,126510],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,128313,128314,128315,122],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[17,128316,128317],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1073,128319,15260,128321,124788],{"id":128320},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[17,128322,126510],{},[14,128324,128325,128326,1327,128328,128331],{},"Yes. Use ",[17,128327,124182],{},[17,128329,128330],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1073,128333,2171,128335,1753,128337,2823],{"id":128334},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[17,128336,126510],{},[17,128338,124447],{},[14,128340,128341,128343,128344,128346],{},[17,128342,126510],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[17,128345,124447],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[28,128348,2205],{"id":2204},[167,128350,128351,128357,128363,128367,128371],{},[170,128352,128353],{},[693,128354,126452,128355,11093],{"href":127817},[17,128356,127820],{},[170,128358,128359],{},[693,128360,126452,128361,11093],{"href":124179},[17,128362,124182],{},[170,128364,128365],{},[693,128366,124851],{"href":123707},[170,128368,128369],{},[693,128370,124858],{"href":124620},[170,128372,128373],{},[693,128374,125207],{"href":51338},[2245,128376,128377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":128379},[128380,128381,128383,128384,128389,128390,128396,128397,128398,128406,128416],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":126618,"depth":111,"text":128382},"What endswith() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":126833,"depth":111,"text":126834,"children":128385},[128386,128387,128388],{"id":126747,"depth":132,"text":126747},{"id":36432,"depth":132,"text":36432},{"id":53024,"depth":132,"text":53024},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":127246,"depth":111,"text":127247,"children":128391},[128392,128393,128394,128395],{"id":127250,"depth":132,"text":127251},{"id":127304,"depth":132,"text":127305},{"id":127361,"depth":132,"text":127362},{"id":127415,"depth":132,"text":127416},{"id":124098,"depth":111,"text":124099},{"id":127649,"depth":111,"text":127650},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":128399},[128400,128401,128402,128404],{"id":127829,"depth":132,"text":127830},{"id":127907,"depth":132,"text":127908},{"id":128004,"depth":132,"text":128403},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128092,"depth":132,"text":128405},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":128407},[128408,128410,128412,128414],{"id":128295,"depth":132,"text":128409},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128308,"depth":132,"text":128411},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128320,"depth":132,"text":128413},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128334,"depth":132,"text":128415},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126502,"description":128417},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128424,"title":128425,"body":128426,"description":130094,"extension":2285,"meta":130095,"navigation":2287,"path":130096,"seo":130097,"stem":130098,"__hash__":130099},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128427,"toc":130067},[128428,128433,128438,128443,128448,128541,128551,128556,128561,128576,128578,128660,128668,128670,128672,128699,128701,128717,128724,128726,128834,128836,128841,128857,128859,128954,128962,128965,128971,128976,128981,128988,129127,129130,129143,129145,129149,129156,129226,129229,129278,129285,129292,129306,129311,129316,129362,129408,129424,129426,129431,129445,129448,129570,129575,129577,129582,129615,129618,129694,129696,129705,129719,129722,129806,129809,129920,129923,129951,129953,129960,129964,129970,129973,129979,129982,129989,130000,130006,130013,130015,130064],[10,128429,123452,128431,11676],{"id":128430},"python-string-find-method",[17,128432,124447],{},[14,128434,123457,128435,128437],{},[17,128436,124447],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,128439,128440,128441,122],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[17,128442,66218],{},[14,128444,146,128445,128447],{},[17,128446,124447],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[33,128449,128451],{"className":35,"code":128450,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[17,128452,128453,128465,128488,128501,128505,128528],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128454,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128456,35048],{"class":114},[42,128458,88],{"class":87},[42,128460,73],{"class":60},[42,128462,60772],{"class":64},[42,128464,3689],{"class":60},[42,128466,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128478,128480,128482,128484,128486],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128468,65284],{"class":114},[42,128470,88],{"class":87},[42,128472,43203],{"class":114},[42,128474,122],{"class":56},[42,128476,128477],{"class":125},"find",[42,128479,57],{"class":56},[42,128481,61],{"class":60},[42,128483,60955],{"class":64},[42,128485,61],{"class":60},[42,128487,143],{"class":56},[42,128489,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,128491,284],{"class":52},[42,128493,57],{"class":56},[42,128495,65311],{"class":125},[42,128497,98],{"class":56},[42,128499,128500],{"class":525},"   # 6\n",[42,128502,128503],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,128504,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,128506,128507,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524,128526],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,128508,128509],{"class":114},"missing ",[42,128511,88],{"class":87},[42,128513,43203],{"class":114},[42,128515,122],{"class":56},[42,128517,128477],{"class":125},[42,128519,57],{"class":56},[42,128521,61],{"class":60},[42,128523,37],{"class":64},[42,128525,61],{"class":60},[42,128527,143],{"class":56},[42,128529,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,128531,284],{"class":52},[42,128533,57],{"class":56},[42,128535,27131],{"class":125},[42,128537,98],{"class":56},[42,128539,128540],{"class":525},"    # -1\n",[43942,128542,128543],{},[14,128544,146,128545,128547,128548,128550],{},[17,128546,124447],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[17,128549,66218],{}," if the substring is not found.",[28,128552,4013,128554,4016],{"id":128553},"what-find-does",[17,128555,124447],{},[14,128557,128558,128560],{},[17,128559,124447],{}," is a string method that:",[167,128562,128563,128566,128569,128574],{},[170,128564,128565],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[170,128567,128568],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[170,128570,11778,128571,128573],{},[17,128572,66218],{}," if no match is found",[170,128575,126638],{},[14,128577,219],{},[33,128579,128581],{"className":35,"code":128580,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[17,128582,128583,128595,128599,128623,128647],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128584,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128586,35048],{"class":114},[42,128588,88],{"class":87},[42,128590,73],{"class":60},[42,128592,4427],{"class":64},[42,128594,3689],{"class":60},[42,128596,128597],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128598,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,128600,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,128602,284],{"class":52},[42,128604,57],{"class":56},[42,128606,444],{"class":125},[42,128608,122],{"class":56},[42,128610,128477],{"class":125},[42,128612,57],{"class":56},[42,128614,61],{"class":60},[42,128616,123545],{"class":64},[42,128618,61],{"class":60},[42,128620,5705],{"class":56},[42,128622,58010],{"class":525},[42,128624,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,128626,284],{"class":52},[42,128628,57],{"class":56},[42,128630,444],{"class":125},[42,128632,122],{"class":56},[42,128634,128477],{"class":125},[42,128636,57],{"class":56},[42,128638,61],{"class":60},[42,128640,2498],{"class":64},[42,128642,61],{"class":60},[42,128644,5705],{"class":56},[42,128646,128540],{"class":525},[42,128648,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,128650,284],{"class":52},[42,128652,57],{"class":56},[42,128654,444],{"class":125},[42,128656,98],{"class":56},[42,128658,128659],{"class":525},"              # banana\n",[14,128661,21129,128662,128665,128666,122],{},[17,128663,128664],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[17,128667,2381],{},[28,128669,312],{"id":311},[14,128671,2484],{},[33,128673,128675],{"className":35,"code":128674,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[17,128676,128677],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128678,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128680,61538],{"class":114},[42,128682,122],{"class":56},[42,128684,128477],{"class":125},[42,128686,57],{"class":56},[42,128688,2803],{"class":125},[42,128690,70],{"class":56},[42,128692,36411],{"class":125},[42,128694,70],{"class":56},[42,128696,65405],{"class":125},[42,128698,143],{"class":56},[1073,128700,17754],{"id":17753},[167,128702,128703,128707,128712],{},[170,128704,128705,123644],{},[17,128706,2803],{},[170,128708,128709,128711],{},[17,128710,36432],{},": optional starting position",[170,128713,128714,128716],{},[17,128715,53024],{},": optional ending position",[14,128718,128719,1753,128721,128723],{},[17,128720,36432],{},[17,128722,53024],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128725,126781],{},[33,128727,128729],{"className":35,"code":128728,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[17,128730,128731,128743,128747,128772,128801],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128732,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128734,35048],{"class":114},[42,128736,88],{"class":87},[42,128738,73],{"class":60},[42,128740,60772],{"class":64},[42,128742,3689],{"class":60},[42,128744,128745],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128746,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,128748,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,128750,284],{"class":52},[42,128752,57],{"class":56},[42,128754,444],{"class":125},[42,128756,122],{"class":56},[42,128758,128477],{"class":125},[42,128760,57],{"class":56},[42,128762,61],{"class":60},[42,128764,60839],{"class":64},[42,128766,61],{"class":60},[42,128768,5705],{"class":56},[42,128770,128771],{"class":525},"        # 4\n",[42,128773,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,128775,284],{"class":52},[42,128777,57],{"class":56},[42,128779,444],{"class":125},[42,128781,122],{"class":56},[42,128783,128477],{"class":125},[42,128785,57],{"class":56},[42,128787,61],{"class":60},[42,128789,60839],{"class":64},[42,128791,61],{"class":60},[42,128793,70],{"class":56},[42,128795,4946],{"class":2348},[42,128797,5705],{"class":56},[42,128799,128800],{"class":525},"     # 7\n",[42,128802,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,128804,284],{"class":52},[42,128806,57],{"class":56},[42,128808,444],{"class":125},[42,128810,122],{"class":56},[42,128812,128477],{"class":125},[42,128814,57],{"class":56},[42,128816,61],{"class":60},[42,128818,60839],{"class":64},[42,128820,61],{"class":60},[42,128822,70],{"class":56},[42,128824,4946],{"class":2348},[42,128826,70],{"class":56},[42,128828,6339],{"class":2348},[42,128830,5705],{"class":56},[42,128832,128833],{"class":525},"  # -1\n",[28,128835,38382],{"id":38381},[14,128837,57909,128838,128840],{},[17,128839,124447],{}," is always an integer.",[167,128842,128843,128849,128852],{},[170,128844,128845,128846,128848],{},"A number ",[17,128847,2445],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[170,128850,128851],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[170,128853,128854,128856],{},[17,128855,66218],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128858,219],{},[33,128860,128862],{"className":35,"code":128861,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[17,128863,128864,128876,128880,128905,128930],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128865,128866,128868,128870,128872,128874],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128867,35048],{"class":114},[42,128869,88],{"class":87},[42,128871,73],{"class":60},[42,128873,37],{"class":64},[42,128875,3689],{"class":60},[42,128877,128878],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,128879,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,128881,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128899,128901,128903],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,128883,284],{"class":52},[42,128885,57],{"class":56},[42,128887,444],{"class":125},[42,128889,122],{"class":56},[42,128891,128477],{"class":125},[42,128893,57],{"class":56},[42,128895,61],{"class":60},[42,128897,128898],{"class":64},"py",[42,128900,61],{"class":60},[42,128902,5705],{"class":56},[42,128904,21126],{"class":525},[42,128906,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128924,128926,128928],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,128908,284],{"class":52},[42,128910,57],{"class":56},[42,128912,444],{"class":125},[42,128914,122],{"class":56},[42,128916,128477],{"class":125},[42,128918,57],{"class":56},[42,128920,61],{"class":60},[42,128922,128923],{"class":64},"th",[42,128925,61],{"class":60},[42,128927,5705],{"class":56},[42,128929,58010],{"class":525},[42,128931,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,128933,284],{"class":52},[42,128935,57],{"class":56},[42,128937,444],{"class":125},[42,128939,122],{"class":56},[42,128941,128477],{"class":125},[42,128943,57],{"class":56},[42,128945,61],{"class":60},[42,128947,22434],{"class":64},[42,128949,61],{"class":60},[42,128951,5705],{"class":56},[42,128953,128540],{"class":525},[14,128955,90007,128956,8806,128958,1327,128960,122],{},[17,128957,124447],{},[17,128959,3937],{},[17,128961,4009],{},[14,128963,128964],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[28,128966,1940,128967,1753,128969],{"id":65770},[17,128968,36432],{},[17,128970,53024],{},[14,128972,146,128973,128975],{},[17,128974,36432],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128977,146,128978,128980],{},[17,128979,53024],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128982,2303,128983,75824,128985,128987],{},[17,128984,53024],{},[177,128986,65433],{}," in the search.",[33,128989,128991],{"className":35,"code":128990,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[17,128992,128993,129006,129010,129034,129063,129095],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,128994,128995,128997,128999,129001,129004],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,128996,35048],{"class":114},[42,128998,88],{"class":87},[42,129000,73],{"class":60},[42,129002,129003],{"class":64},"one two three two",[42,129005,3689],{"class":60},[42,129007,129008],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129009,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129011,129012,129014,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129013,284],{"class":52},[42,129015,57],{"class":56},[42,129017,444],{"class":125},[42,129019,122],{"class":56},[42,129021,128477],{"class":125},[42,129023,57],{"class":56},[42,129025,61],{"class":60},[42,129027,79633],{"class":64},[42,129029,61],{"class":60},[42,129031,5705],{"class":56},[42,129033,128771],{"class":525},[42,129035,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,129037,284],{"class":52},[42,129039,57],{"class":56},[42,129041,444],{"class":125},[42,129043,122],{"class":56},[42,129045,128477],{"class":125},[42,129047,57],{"class":56},[42,129049,61],{"class":60},[42,129051,79633],{"class":64},[42,129053,61],{"class":60},[42,129055,70],{"class":56},[42,129057,4946],{"class":2348},[42,129059,5705],{"class":56},[42,129061,129062],{"class":525},"     # 14\n",[42,129064,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,129066,284],{"class":52},[42,129068,57],{"class":56},[42,129070,444],{"class":125},[42,129072,122],{"class":56},[42,129074,128477],{"class":125},[42,129076,57],{"class":56},[42,129078,61],{"class":60},[42,129080,79633],{"class":64},[42,129082,61],{"class":60},[42,129084,70],{"class":56},[42,129086,4171],{"class":2348},[42,129088,70],{"class":56},[42,129090,6339],{"class":2348},[42,129092,5705],{"class":56},[42,129094,51298],{"class":525},[42,129096,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105,129107,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,129098,284],{"class":52},[42,129100,57],{"class":56},[42,129102,444],{"class":125},[42,129104,122],{"class":56},[42,129106,128477],{"class":125},[42,129108,57],{"class":56},[42,129110,61],{"class":60},[42,129112,79633],{"class":64},[42,129114,61],{"class":60},[42,129116,70],{"class":56},[42,129118,4171],{"class":2348},[42,129120,70],{"class":56},[42,129122,2787],{"class":2348},[42,129124,5705],{"class":56},[42,129126,128833],{"class":525},[14,129128,129129],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,129131,129132,129133,55433,129137,122],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[693,129134,129136],{"href":129135},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[693,129138,129140,129142],{"href":129139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[17,129141,60895],{}," string method",[28,129144,124099],{"id":124098},[14,129146,129147,123910],{},[17,129148,124447],{},[14,129150,127497,129151,1753,129153,129155],{},[17,129152,90515],{},[17,129154,64899],{}," are treated as different text.",[33,129157,129159],{"className":35,"code":129158,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[17,129160,129161,129174,129178,129202],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129162,129163,129165,129167,129169,129172],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129164,35048],{"class":114},[42,129166,88],{"class":87},[42,129168,73],{"class":60},[42,129170,129171],{"class":64},"Hello World",[42,129173,3689],{"class":60},[42,129175,129176],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129177,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129179,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129181,284],{"class":52},[42,129183,57],{"class":56},[42,129185,444],{"class":125},[42,129187,122],{"class":56},[42,129189,128477],{"class":125},[42,129191,57],{"class":56},[42,129193,61],{"class":60},[42,129195,654],{"class":64},[42,129197,61],{"class":60},[42,129199,5705],{"class":56},[42,129201,51610],{"class":525},[42,129203,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,129205,284],{"class":52},[42,129207,57],{"class":56},[42,129209,444],{"class":125},[42,129211,122],{"class":56},[42,129213,128477],{"class":125},[42,129215,57],{"class":56},[42,129217,61],{"class":60},[42,129219,4183],{"class":64},[42,129221,61],{"class":60},[42,129223,5705],{"class":56},[42,129225,128833],{"class":525},[14,129227,129228],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[33,129230,129232],{"className":35,"code":129231,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[17,129233,129234,129246,129250],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129235,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129237,35048],{"class":114},[42,129239,88],{"class":87},[42,129241,73],{"class":60},[42,129243,129171],{"class":64},[42,129245,3689],{"class":60},[42,129247,129248],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129249,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129251,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129253,284],{"class":52},[42,129255,57],{"class":56},[42,129257,444],{"class":125},[42,129259,122],{"class":56},[42,129261,8990],{"class":125},[42,129263,8987],{"class":56},[42,129265,128477],{"class":125},[42,129267,57],{"class":56},[42,129269,61],{"class":60},[42,129271,4183],{"class":64},[42,129273,61],{"class":60},[42,129275,5705],{"class":56},[42,129277,51610],{"class":525},[28,129279,129281,10937,129283],{"id":129280},"find-vs-index",[17,129282,124447],{},[17,129284,59333],{},[14,129286,129287,1753,129289,129291],{},[17,129288,124447],{},[17,129290,59333],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[167,129293,129294,129300],{},[170,129295,129296,2726,129298],{},[17,129297,124447],{},[17,129299,66218],{},[170,129301,129302,52858,129304],{},[17,129303,59333],{},[17,129305,41067],{},[14,129307,146,129308,129310],{},[17,129309,124447],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,129312,146,129313,129315],{},[17,129314,59333],{}," when the value must exist.",[33,129317,129319],{"className":35,"code":129318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[17,129320,129321,129333,129337],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129322,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129324,35048],{"class":114},[42,129326,88],{"class":87},[42,129328,73],{"class":60},[42,129330,4183],{"class":64},[42,129332,3689],{"class":60},[42,129334,129335],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129336,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129338,129339,129341,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129340,284],{"class":52},[42,129342,57],{"class":56},[42,129344,444],{"class":125},[42,129346,122],{"class":56},[42,129348,128477],{"class":125},[42,129350,57],{"class":56},[42,129352,61],{"class":60},[42,129354,2498],{"class":64},[42,129356,61],{"class":60},[42,129358,5705],{"class":56},[42,129360,129361],{"class":525},"   # -1\n",[33,129363,129365],{"className":35,"code":129364,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[17,129366,129367,129379,129383],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129368,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129370,35048],{"class":114},[42,129372,88],{"class":87},[42,129374,73],{"class":60},[42,129376,4183],{"class":64},[42,129378,3689],{"class":60},[42,129380,129381],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129382,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129384,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129386,284],{"class":52},[42,129388,57],{"class":56},[42,129390,444],{"class":125},[42,129392,122],{"class":56},[42,129394,36205],{"class":125},[42,129396,57],{"class":56},[42,129398,61],{"class":60},[42,129400,2498],{"class":64},[42,129402,61],{"class":60},[42,129404,5705],{"class":56},[42,129406,129407],{"class":525},"  # ValueError\n",[14,129409,129410,129411,129415,129416,129418,129419,122],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[693,129412,129413,129142],{"href":124472},[17,129414,59333],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[17,129417,59333],{},", read ",[693,129420,26037,129421],{"href":73844},[17,129422,129423],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[28,129425,41408],{"id":41407},[14,129427,35764,129428,129430],{},[17,129429,124447],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[167,129432,129433,129436,129439,129442],{},[170,129434,129435],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[170,129437,129438],{},"Get the position of a word",[170,129440,129441],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[170,129443,129444],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,129446,129447],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[33,129449,129451],{"className":35,"code":129450,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[17,129452,129453,129466,129489,129493,129508,129524,129543,129557],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129454,129455,129457,129459,129461,129464],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129456,35048],{"class":114},[42,129458,88],{"class":87},[42,129460,73],{"class":60},[42,129462,129463],{"class":64},"name:Alice",[42,129465,3689],{"class":60},[42,129467,129468,129471,129473,129475,129477,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129469,129470],{"class":114},"colon_pos ",[42,129472,88],{"class":87},[42,129474,43203],{"class":114},[42,129476,122],{"class":56},[42,129478,128477],{"class":125},[42,129480,57],{"class":56},[42,129482,61],{"class":60},[42,129484,1935],{"class":64},[42,129486,61],{"class":60},[42,129488,143],{"class":56},[42,129490,129491],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129492,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129494,129495,129497,129500,129502,129504,129506],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,129496,7345],{"class":48},[42,129498,129499],{"class":114}," colon_pos ",[42,129501,72954],{"class":87},[42,129503,2547],{"class":87},[42,129505,3320],{"class":2348},[42,129507,108],{"class":56},[42,129509,129510,129513,129515,129517,129519,129522],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,129511,129512],{"class":114},"    label ",[42,129514,88],{"class":87},[42,129516,43203],{"class":114},[42,129518,75897],{"class":56},[42,129520,129521],{"class":114},"colon_pos",[42,129523,3970],{"class":56},[42,129525,129526,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536,129538,129540],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,129527,27759],{"class":114},[42,129529,88],{"class":87},[42,129531,43203],{"class":114},[42,129533,4238],{"class":56},[42,129535,129470],{"class":114},[42,129537,2384],{"class":87},[42,129539,5842],{"class":2348},[42,129541,129542],{"class":56},":]\n",[42,129544,129545,129547,129549,129552,129554],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,129546,135],{"class":52},[42,129548,57],{"class":56},[42,129550,129551],{"class":125},"label",[42,129553,98],{"class":56},[42,129555,129556],{"class":525},"  # name\n",[42,129558,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,129560,135],{"class":52},[42,129562,57],{"class":56},[42,129564,2803],{"class":125},[42,129566,98],{"class":56},[42,129568,129569],{"class":525},"  # Alice\n",[14,129571,129572,129573,122],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[693,129574,127488],{"href":123707},[28,129576,1929],{"id":1928},[14,129578,129579,129580,1935],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[17,129581,124447],{},[167,129583,129584,129593,129599,129604,129610],{},[170,129585,8803,129586,8806,129588,1327,129590,129592],{},[17,129587,124447],{},[17,129589,3937],{},[17,129591,4009],{}," instead of an index",[170,129594,129595,129596,129598],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[17,129597,66218],{}," when the substring is missing",[170,129600,1940,129601,129603],{},[17,129602,124447],{}," without handling case differences",[170,129605,37565,129606,9054,129608],{},[17,129607,124447],{},[17,129609,59333],{},[170,129611,4920,129612,129614],{},[17,129613,124447],{}," changes the string",[14,129616,129617],{},"Example of a mistake:",[33,129619,129621],{"className":35,"code":129620,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[17,129622,129623,129635,129639,129659,129674,129680],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129624,129625,129627,129629,129631,129633],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129626,35048],{"class":114},[42,129628,88],{"class":87},[42,129630,73],{"class":60},[42,129632,4183],{"class":64},[42,129634,3689],{"class":60},[42,129636,129637],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129638,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129640,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129642,7345],{"class":48},[42,129644,43203],{"class":114},[42,129646,122],{"class":56},[42,129648,128477],{"class":125},[42,129650,57],{"class":56},[42,129652,61],{"class":60},[42,129654,60804],{"class":64},[42,129656,61],{"class":60},[42,129658,8692],{"class":56},[42,129660,129661,129663,129665,129667,129670,129672],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,129662,135],{"class":52},[42,129664,57],{"class":56},[42,129666,61],{"class":60},[42,129668,129669],{"class":64},"Found",[42,129671,61],{"class":60},[42,129673,143],{"class":56},[42,129675,129676,129678],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,129677,27792],{"class":48},[42,129679,108],{"class":56},[42,129681,129682,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,129683,135],{"class":52},[42,129685,57],{"class":56},[42,129687,61],{"class":60},[42,129689,26673],{"class":64},[42,129691,61],{"class":60},[42,129693,143],{"class":56},[14,129695,100013],{},[33,129697,129699],{"className":35,"code":129698,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Not found\n",[17,129700,129701],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129702,129703],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129704,129698],{"class":114},[14,129706,46066,129707,129710,129711,17431,129713,129715,129716,129718],{},[17,129708,129709],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[17,129712,2445],{},[17,129714,2445],{}," is treated as false in an ",[17,129717,7345],{}," statement.",[14,129720,129721],{},"A safer version is:",[33,129723,129725],{"className":35,"code":129724,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[17,129726,129727,129739,129743,129772,129786,129792],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129728,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129730,35048],{"class":114},[42,129732,88],{"class":87},[42,129734,73],{"class":60},[42,129736,4183],{"class":64},[42,129738,3689],{"class":60},[42,129740,129741],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129742,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,129744,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129766,129768,129770],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129746,7345],{"class":48},[42,129748,43203],{"class":114},[42,129750,122],{"class":56},[42,129752,128477],{"class":125},[42,129754,57],{"class":56},[42,129756,61],{"class":60},[42,129758,60804],{"class":64},[42,129760,61],{"class":60},[42,129762,98],{"class":56},[42,129764,129765],{"class":87}," !=",[42,129767,2547],{"class":87},[42,129769,3320],{"class":2348},[42,129771,108],{"class":56},[42,129773,129774,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,129775,135],{"class":52},[42,129777,57],{"class":56},[42,129779,61],{"class":60},[42,129781,129669],{"class":64},[42,129783,61],{"class":60},[42,129785,143],{"class":56},[42,129787,129788,129790],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,129789,27792],{"class":48},[42,129791,108],{"class":56},[42,129793,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,129795,135],{"class":52},[42,129797,57],{"class":56},[42,129799,61],{"class":60},[42,129801,26673],{"class":64},[42,129803,61],{"class":60},[42,129805,143],{"class":56},[14,129807,129808],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[33,129810,129812],{"className":35,"code":129811,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[17,129813,129814,129836,129850,129876,129890],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,129815,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830,129832,129834],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,129817,284],{"class":52},[42,129819,57],{"class":56},[42,129821,444],{"class":125},[42,129823,122],{"class":56},[42,129825,128477],{"class":125},[42,129827,57],{"class":56},[42,129829,868],{"class":60},[42,129831,38753],{"class":64},[42,129833,868],{"class":60},[42,129835,842],{"class":56},[42,129837,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846,129848],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,129839,284],{"class":52},[42,129841,57],{"class":56},[42,129843,42142],{"class":52},[42,129845,57],{"class":56},[42,129847,444],{"class":125},[42,129849,842],{"class":56},[42,129851,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,129853,284],{"class":52},[42,129855,57],{"class":56},[42,129857,444],{"class":125},[42,129859,122],{"class":56},[42,129861,8990],{"class":125},[42,129863,8987],{"class":56},[42,129865,128477],{"class":125},[42,129867,57],{"class":56},[42,129869,868],{"class":60},[42,129871,38753],{"class":64},[42,129873,868],{"class":60},[42,129875,842],{"class":56},[42,129877,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,129879,284],{"class":52},[42,129881,57],{"class":56},[42,129883,11515],{"class":52},[42,129885,57],{"class":56},[42,129887,444],{"class":125},[42,129889,842],{"class":56},[42,129891,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,129893,284],{"class":52},[42,129895,57],{"class":56},[42,129897,444],{"class":125},[42,129899,122],{"class":56},[42,129901,128477],{"class":125},[42,129903,57],{"class":56},[42,129905,868],{"class":60},[42,129907,38753],{"class":64},[42,129909,868],{"class":60},[42,129911,70],{"class":56},[42,129913,36411],{"class":125},[42,129915,70],{"class":56},[42,129917,65405],{"class":125},[42,129919,842],{"class":56},[14,129921,129922],{},"These help you check:",[167,129924,129925,129930,129935,129940,129943],{},[170,129926,129927,129928],{},"The actual result from ",[17,129929,124447],{},[170,129931,129932,129933],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[17,129934,122666],{},[170,129936,129937,129938],{},"Case differences with ",[17,129939,124182],{},[170,129941,129942],{},"The string length",[170,129944,129945,129946,1753,129948,129950],{},"Whether your ",[17,129947,36432],{},[17,129949,53024],{}," values are correct",[28,129952,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,129954,129956,129957,129959],{"id":129955},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[17,129958,124447],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129961,5491,129962,122],{},[17,129963,66218],{},[1073,129965,13060,129967,129969],{"id":129966},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[17,129968,124447],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129971,129972],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1073,129974,129976,129977,124788],{"id":129975},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[17,129978,124447],{},[14,129980,129981],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1073,129983,2171,129985,1753,129987,70018],{"id":129984},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[17,129986,124447],{},[17,129988,59333],{},[14,129990,129991,2726,129993,129995,129996,52858,129998,122],{},[17,129992,124447],{},[17,129994,66218],{}," if not found, while ",[17,129997,59333],{},[17,129999,41067],{},[1073,130001,28687,130003,130005],{"id":130002},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[17,130004,124447],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,130007,130008,130009,1753,130011,66517],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[17,130010,36432],{},[17,130012,53024],{},[28,130014,2205],{"id":2204},[167,130016,130017,130023,130029,130036,130042,130049,130053,130058],{},[170,130018,130019],{},[693,130020,126452,130021,11093],{"href":124472},[17,130022,59333],{},[170,130024,130025],{},[693,130026,126452,130027,11093],{"href":129139},[17,130028,60895],{},[170,130030,130031],{},[693,130032,126452,130034,11093],{"href":130033},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[17,130035,124623],{},[170,130037,130038],{},[693,130039,126452,130040,11093],{"href":127817},[17,130041,127820],{},[170,130043,130044],{},[693,130045,126452,130047,11093],{"href":130046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[17,130048,126510],{},[170,130050,130051],{},[693,130052,124851],{"href":123707},[170,130054,130055],{},[693,130056,130057],{"href":129135},"How to split a string in Python",[170,130059,130060],{},[693,130061,26480,130062],{"href":73844},[17,130063,129423],{},[2245,130065,130066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":130068},[130069,130071,130074,130075,130076,130077,130079,130080,130081,130093],{"id":128553,"depth":111,"text":130070},"What find() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":130072},[130073],{"id":17753,"depth":132,"text":17754},{"id":38381,"depth":111,"text":38382},{"id":65770,"depth":111,"text":66553},{"id":124098,"depth":111,"text":124099},{"id":129280,"depth":111,"text":130078},"find() vs index()",{"id":41407,"depth":111,"text":41408},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":130082},[130083,130085,130087,130089,130091],{"id":129955,"depth":132,"text":130084},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129966,"depth":132,"text":130086},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129975,"depth":132,"text":130088},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129984,"depth":132,"text":130090},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":130002,"depth":132,"text":130092},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128425,"description":130094},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130101,"title":130102,"body":130103,"description":132029,"extension":2285,"meta":132030,"navigation":2287,"path":132031,"seo":132032,"stem":132033,"__hash__":132034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130104,"toc":131997},[130105,130110,130115,130118,130120,130196,130200,130228,130236,130240,130245,130249,130266,130268,130335,130339,130361,130369,130371,130374,130398,130401,130415,130417,130502,130506,130518,130521,130525,130531,130581,130585,130602,130611,130614,130622,130625,130674,130678,130703,130706,130761,130765,130777,130783,130787,130793,130798,130865,130869,130895,130898,130909,130911,130978,130982,131007,131014,131018,131023,131030,131038,131040,131092,131096,131114,131116,131161,131165,131180,131183,131193,131200,131202,131206,131209,131220,131222,131282,131286,131314,131317,131323,131328,131331,131335,131379,131382,131420,131423,131431,131433,131438,131442,131445,131493,131496,131499,131555,131559,131564,131567,131616,131618,131667,131673,131678,131680,131727,131731,131744,131746,131797,131803,131806,131810,131813,131819,131824,131826,131829,131901,131904,131921,131923,131928,131931,131935,131941,131947,131954,131960,131966,131968,131994],[10,130106,123452,130108,11676],{"id":130107},"python-string-format-method",[17,130109,126455],{},[14,130111,123457,130112,130114],{},[17,130113,126455],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,130116,130117],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[28,130119,31],{"id":30},[33,130121,130123],{"className":35,"code":130122,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[17,130124,130125,130137,130145,130149,130186],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130126,130127,130129,130131,130133,130135],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130128,8226],{"class":114},[42,130130,88],{"class":87},[42,130132,73],{"class":60},[42,130134,11863],{"class":64},[42,130136,3689],{"class":60},[42,130138,130139,130141,130143],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130140,21986],{"class":114},[42,130142,88],{"class":87},[42,130144,88896],{"class":2348},[42,130146,130147],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,130148,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,130150,130151,130153,130155,130157,130160,130162,130165,130167,130169,130171,130173,130176,130178,130180,130182,130184],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,130152,90104],{"class":114},[42,130154,88],{"class":87},[42,130156,73],{"class":60},[42,130158,130159],{"class":64},"My name is ",[42,130161,4129],{"class":2348},[42,130163,130164],{"class":64}," and I am ",[42,130166,4129],{"class":2348},[42,130168,122448],{"class":64},[42,130170,61],{"class":60},[42,130172,122],{"class":56},[42,130174,130175],{"class":125},"format",[42,130177,57],{"class":56},[42,130179,8016],{"class":125},[42,130181,70],{"class":56},[42,130183,9538],{"class":125},[42,130185,143],{"class":56},[42,130187,130188,130190,130192,130194],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,130189,284],{"class":52},[42,130191,57],{"class":56},[42,130193,90121],{"class":125},[42,130195,143],{"class":56},[14,130197,130198],{},[177,130199,2395],{},[33,130201,130203],{"className":35,"code":130202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[17,130204,130205],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130206,130207,130210,130212,130215,130218,130221,130224,130226],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130208,130209],{"class":114},"My name ",[42,130211,12549],{"class":87},[42,130213,130214],{"class":114}," Maya ",[42,130216,130217],{"class":87},"and",[42,130219,130220],{"class":114}," I am ",[42,130222,130223],{"class":2348},"12",[42,130225,122481],{"class":114},[42,130227,122484],{"class":56},[14,130229,146,130230,130232,130233,130235],{},[17,130231,4129],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[17,130234,126455],{}," in the same order.",[14,130237,125204,130238,122],{},[693,130239,125207],{"href":51338},[28,130241,13353,130243,13356],{"id":130242},"what-the-format-method-does",[17,130244,126455],{},[14,130246,2303,130247,11767],{},[17,130248,126455],{},[167,130250,130251,130254,130260,130263],{},[170,130252,130253],{},"inserts values into a string",[170,130255,130256,130257,130259],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[17,130258,4129],{}," with given values",[170,130261,130262],{},"returns a new string",[170,130264,130265],{},"does not change the original string",[14,130267,219],{},[33,130269,130271],{"className":35,"code":130270,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[17,130272,130273,130287,130310,130314,130325],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130274,130275,130277,130279,130281,130283,130285],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130276,35048],{"class":114},[42,130278,88],{"class":87},[42,130280,73],{"class":60},[42,130282,45264],{"class":64},[42,130284,4129],{"class":2348},[42,130286,3689],{"class":60},[42,130288,130289,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306,130308],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130290,130291],{"class":114},"new_text ",[42,130293,88],{"class":87},[42,130295,43203],{"class":114},[42,130297,122],{"class":56},[42,130299,130175],{"class":125},[42,130301,57],{"class":56},[42,130303,61],{"class":60},[42,130305,8025],{"class":64},[42,130307,61],{"class":60},[42,130309,143],{"class":56},[42,130311,130312],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,130313,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,130315,130316,130318,130320,130323],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,130317,284],{"class":52},[42,130319,57],{"class":56},[42,130321,130322],{"class":125},"new_text",[42,130324,143],{"class":56},[42,130326,130327,130329,130331,130333],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,130328,284],{"class":52},[42,130330,57],{"class":56},[42,130332,444],{"class":125},[42,130334,143],{"class":56},[14,130336,130337],{},[177,130338,2395],{},[33,130340,130342],{"className":35,"code":130341,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[17,130343,130344,130353],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130345,130346,130348,130350],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130347,654],{"class":114},[42,130349,70],{"class":56},[42,130351,130352],{"class":114}," Sam\n",[42,130354,130355,130357,130359],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130356,654],{"class":114},[42,130358,70],{"class":56},[42,130360,10189],{"class":56},[14,130362,2614,130363,130365,130366,130368],{},[17,130364,444],{}," stays the same. ",[17,130367,126455],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[28,130370,312],{"id":311},[14,130372,130373],{},"The general form is:",[33,130375,130377],{"className":35,"code":130376,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[17,130378,130379],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130380,130381,130383,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130382,61],{"class":43690},[42,130384,130385],{"class":43694},"text {}",[42,130387,61],{"class":43690},[42,130389,122],{"class":56},[42,130391,130175],{"class":125},[42,130393,57],{"class":56},[42,130395,2803],{"class":125},[42,130397,143],{"class":56},[14,130399,130400],{},"Key idea:",[167,130402,130403,130409,130412],{},[170,130404,130405,130406,130408],{},"each ",[17,130407,4129],{}," is a placeholder",[170,130410,130411],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[170,130413,130414],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,130416,219],{},[33,130418,130420],{"className":35,"code":130419,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[17,130421,130422,130435,130449,130453,130491],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130423,130424,130427,130429,130431,130433],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130425,130426],{"class":114},"animal ",[42,130428,88],{"class":87},[42,130430,73],{"class":60},[42,130432,37408],{"class":64},[42,130434,3689],{"class":60},[42,130436,130437,130440,130442,130444,130447],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130438,130439],{"class":114},"sound ",[42,130441,88],{"class":87},[42,130443,73],{"class":60},[42,130445,130446],{"class":64},"meow",[42,130448,3689],{"class":60},[42,130450,130451],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,130452,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,130454,130455,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466,130469,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130484,130486,130489],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,130456,130457],{"class":114},"sentence ",[42,130459,88],{"class":87},[42,130461,73],{"class":60},[42,130463,2303],{"class":64},[42,130465,4129],{"class":2348},[42,130467,130468],{"class":64}," says ",[42,130470,4129],{"class":2348},[42,130472,122],{"class":64},[42,130474,61],{"class":60},[42,130476,122],{"class":56},[42,130478,130175],{"class":125},[42,130480,57],{"class":56},[42,130482,130483],{"class":125},"animal",[42,130485,70],{"class":56},[42,130487,130488],{"class":125}," sound",[42,130490,143],{"class":56},[42,130492,130493,130495,130497,130500],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,130494,284],{"class":52},[42,130496,57],{"class":56},[42,130498,130499],{"class":125},"sentence",[42,130501,143],{"class":56},[14,130503,130504],{},[177,130505,2395],{},[33,130507,130509],{"className":35,"code":130508,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"The cat says meow.\n",[17,130510,130511],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130512,130513,130516],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130514,130515],{"class":114},"The cat says meow",[42,130517,122484],{"class":56},[14,130519,130520],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[28,130522,130524],{"id":130523},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130526,130527,130528,130530],{},"You can use empty braces ",[17,130529,4129],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[33,130532,130534],{"className":35,"code":130533,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[17,130535,130536],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130537,130538,130540,130542,130544,130547,130549,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130568,130570,130572,130574,130577,130579],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130539,284],{"class":52},[42,130541,57],{"class":56},[42,130543,61],{"class":60},[42,130545,130546],{"class":64},"I like ",[42,130548,4129],{"class":2348},[42,130550,1753],{"class":64},[42,130552,4129],{"class":2348},[42,130554,122],{"class":64},[42,130556,61],{"class":60},[42,130558,122],{"class":56},[42,130560,130175],{"class":125},[42,130562,57],{"class":56},[42,130564,61],{"class":60},[42,130566,130567],{"class":64},"pizza",[42,130569,61],{"class":60},[42,130571,70],{"class":56},[42,130573,73],{"class":60},[42,130575,130576],{"class":64},"pasta",[42,130578,61],{"class":60},[42,130580,842],{"class":56},[14,130582,130583],{},[177,130584,2395],{},[33,130586,130588],{"className":35,"code":130587,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[17,130589,130590],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130591,130592,130595,130597,130600],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130593,130594],{"class":114},"I like pizza ",[42,130596,130217],{"class":87},[42,130598,130599],{"class":114}," pasta",[42,130601,122484],{"class":56},[14,130603,130604,130605,1753,130608,122],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[17,130606,130607],{},"{0}",[17,130609,130610],{},"{1}",[14,130612,130613],{},"This is helpful when:",[167,130615,130616,130619],{},[170,130617,130618],{},"you want to reuse a value",[170,130620,130621],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130623,130624],{},"Example with reused values:",[33,130626,130628],{"className":35,"code":130627,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130629,130630,130664],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130631,130632,130634,130636,130638,130640,130643,130645,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130633,35048],{"class":114},[42,130635,88],{"class":87},[42,130637,73],{"class":60},[42,130639,130607],{"class":2348},[42,130641,130642],{"class":64}," is learning Python. ",[42,130644,130607],{"class":2348},[42,130646,130647],{"class":64}," likes coding.",[42,130649,61],{"class":60},[42,130651,122],{"class":56},[42,130653,130175],{"class":125},[42,130655,57],{"class":56},[42,130657,61],{"class":60},[42,130659,20241],{"class":64},[42,130661,61],{"class":60},[42,130663,143],{"class":56},[42,130665,130666,130668,130670,130672],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130667,284],{"class":52},[42,130669,57],{"class":56},[42,130671,444],{"class":125},[42,130673,143],{"class":56},[14,130675,130676],{},[177,130677,2395],{},[33,130679,130681],{"className":35,"code":130680,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[17,130682,130683],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130684,130685,130688,130690,130693,130695,130698,130701],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130686,130687],{"class":114},"Lina ",[42,130689,12549],{"class":87},[42,130691,130692],{"class":114}," learning Python",[42,130694,122],{"class":56},[42,130696,130697],{"class":2022}," Lina",[42,130699,130700],{"class":114}," likes coding",[42,130702,122484],{"class":56},[14,130704,130705],{},"Example with changed order:",[33,130707,130709],{"className":35,"code":130708,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130710,130711,130751],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130712,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130714,35048],{"class":114},[42,130716,88],{"class":87},[42,130718,73],{"class":60},[42,130720,130610],{"class":2348},[42,130722,83688],{"class":64},[42,130724,130607],{"class":2348},[42,130726,122],{"class":64},[42,130728,61],{"class":60},[42,130730,122],{"class":56},[42,130732,130175],{"class":125},[42,130734,57],{"class":56},[42,130736,61],{"class":60},[42,130738,6932],{"class":64},[42,130740,61],{"class":60},[42,130742,70],{"class":56},[42,130744,73],{"class":60},[42,130746,79633],{"class":64},[42,130748,61],{"class":60},[42,130750,143],{"class":56},[42,130752,130753,130755,130757,130759],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130754,284],{"class":52},[42,130756,57],{"class":56},[42,130758,444],{"class":125},[42,130760,143],{"class":56},[14,130762,130763],{},[177,130764,2395],{},[33,130766,130768],{"className":35,"code":130767,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"two comes after one.\n",[17,130769,130770],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130771,130772,130775],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130773,130774],{"class":114},"two comes after one",[42,130776,122484],{"class":56},[14,130778,130779,130780,130782],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[17,130781,4129],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[28,130784,130786],{"id":130785},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130788,130789,130790,122],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[17,130791,130792],{},"{name}",[14,130794,130795,130796,1935],{},"You pass matching names into ",[17,130797,126455],{},[33,130799,130801],{"className":35,"code":130800,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,130802,130803,130855],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130804,130805,130807,130809,130811,130813,130815,130818,130821,130823,130825,130827,130829,130831,130833,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130851,130853],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130806,35048],{"class":114},[42,130808,88],{"class":87},[42,130810,73],{"class":60},[42,130812,130159],{"class":64},[42,130814,130792],{"class":2348},[42,130816,130817],{"class":64}," and I live in ",[42,130819,130820],{"class":2348},"{city}",[42,130822,122],{"class":64},[42,130824,61],{"class":60},[42,130826,122],{"class":56},[42,130828,130175],{"class":125},[42,130830,57],{"class":56},[42,130832,8016],{"class":83},[42,130834,88],{"class":87},[42,130836,61],{"class":60},[42,130838,13237],{"class":64},[42,130840,61],{"class":60},[42,130842,70],{"class":56},[42,130844,31744],{"class":83},[42,130846,88],{"class":87},[42,130848,61],{"class":60},[42,130850,16389],{"class":64},[42,130852,61],{"class":60},[42,130854,143],{"class":56},[42,130856,130857,130859,130861,130863],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130858,284],{"class":52},[42,130860,57],{"class":56},[42,130862,444],{"class":125},[42,130864,143],{"class":56},[14,130866,130867],{},[177,130868,2395],{},[33,130870,130872],{"className":35,"code":130871,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[17,130873,130874],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130875,130876,130878,130880,130883,130885,130888,130890,130893],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130877,130209],{"class":114},[42,130879,12549],{"class":87},[42,130881,130882],{"class":114}," Ana ",[42,130884,130217],{"class":87},[42,130886,130887],{"class":114}," I live ",[42,130889,1299],{"class":87},[42,130891,130892],{"class":114}," Lima",[42,130894,122484],{"class":56},[14,130896,130897],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[167,130899,130900,130903,130906],{},[170,130901,130902],{},"they make code easier to read",[170,130904,130905],{},"they help when a string has many values",[170,130907,130908],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130910,219],{},[33,130912,130914],{"className":35,"code":130913,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[17,130915,130916,130968],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130917,130918,130921,130923,130925,130928,130931,130934,130937,130939,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130954,130956,130958,130961,130963,130966],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130919,130920],{"class":114},"report ",[42,130922,88],{"class":87},[42,130924,73],{"class":60},[42,130926,130927],{"class":64},"Student: ",[42,130929,130930],{"class":2348},"{student}",[42,130932,130933],{"class":64},", Score: ",[42,130935,130936],{"class":2348},"{score}",[42,130938,61],{"class":60},[42,130940,122],{"class":56},[42,130942,130175],{"class":125},[42,130944,57],{"class":56},[42,130946,13983],{"class":83},[42,130948,88],{"class":87},[42,130950,61],{"class":60},[42,130952,130953],{"class":64},"Noah",[42,130955,61],{"class":60},[42,130957,70],{"class":56},[42,130959,130960],{"class":83}," score",[42,130962,88],{"class":87},[42,130964,130965],{"class":2348},"95",[42,130967,143],{"class":56},[42,130969,130970,130972,130974,130976],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,130971,284],{"class":52},[42,130973,57],{"class":56},[42,130975,128165],{"class":125},[42,130977,143],{"class":56},[14,130979,130980],{},[177,130981,2395],{},[33,130983,130985],{"className":35,"code":130984,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[17,130986,130987],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,130988,130989,130992,130994,130997,130999,131002,131004],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,130990,130991],{"class":114},"Student",[42,130993,1935],{"class":56},[42,130995,130996],{"class":114}," Noah",[42,130998,70],{"class":56},[42,131000,131001],{"class":114}," Score",[42,131003,1935],{"class":56},[42,131005,131006],{"class":2348}," 95\n",[14,131008,131009,131010,122],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[693,131011,3908,131012,3841],{"href":42538},[17,131013,48045],{},[28,131015,131017],{"id":131016},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,131019,131020,131022],{},[17,131021,126455],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,131024,131025,131026,131029],{},"A common example is ",[17,131027,131028],{},":.2f",", which means:",[167,131031,131032,131035],{},[170,131033,131034],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[170,131036,131037],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,131039,219],{},[33,131041,131043],{"className":35,"code":131042,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[17,131044,131045,131053,131082],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131046,131047,131049,131051],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131048,40750],{"class":114},[42,131050,88],{"class":87},[42,131052,49638],{"class":2348},[42,131054,131055,131057,131059,131061,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131056,35048],{"class":114},[42,131058,88],{"class":87},[42,131060,73],{"class":60},[42,131062,131063],{"class":64},"Price: $",[42,131065,9628],{"class":2348},[42,131067,131028],{"class":858},[42,131069,22660],{"class":2348},[42,131071,61],{"class":60},[42,131073,122],{"class":56},[42,131075,130175],{"class":125},[42,131077,57],{"class":56},[42,131079,25507],{"class":125},[42,131081,143],{"class":56},[42,131083,131084,131086,131088,131090],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,131085,284],{"class":52},[42,131087,57],{"class":56},[42,131089,444],{"class":125},[42,131091,143],{"class":56},[14,131093,131094],{},[177,131095,2395],{},[33,131097,131099],{"className":35,"code":131098,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Price: $3.50\n",[17,131100,131101],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131102,131103,131106,131108,131111],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131104,131105],{"class":114},"Price",[42,131107,1935],{"class":56},[42,131109,131110],{"class":37728}," $",[42,131112,131113],{"class":2348},"3.50\n",[14,131115,52443],{},[33,131117,131119],{"className":35,"code":131118,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[17,131120,131121,131131],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131122,131123,131126,131128],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131124,131125],{"class":114},"average ",[42,131127,88],{"class":87},[42,131129,131130],{"class":2348}," 91.236\n",[42,131132,131133,131135,131137,131139,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131159],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131134,284],{"class":52},[42,131136,57],{"class":56},[42,131138,61],{"class":60},[42,131140,131141],{"class":64},"Average: ",[42,131143,9628],{"class":2348},[42,131145,131028],{"class":858},[42,131147,22660],{"class":2348},[42,131149,61],{"class":60},[42,131151,122],{"class":56},[42,131153,130175],{"class":125},[42,131155,57],{"class":56},[42,131157,131158],{"class":125},"average",[42,131160,842],{"class":56},[14,131162,131163],{},[177,131164,2395],{},[33,131166,131168],{"className":35,"code":131167,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Average: 91.24\n",[17,131169,131170],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131171,131172,131175,131177],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131173,131174],{"class":114},"Average",[42,131176,1935],{"class":56},[42,131178,131179],{"class":2348}," 91.24\n",[14,131181,131182],{},"This is useful for:",[167,131184,131185,131187,131190],{},[170,131186,83446],{},[170,131188,131189],{},"averages",[170,131191,131192],{},"percentages",[14,131194,131195,131196,122],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[693,131197,3908,131198,2631],{"href":46812},[17,131199,46815],{},[28,131201,17778],{"id":17777},[14,131203,131204,92618],{},[17,131205,126455],{},[14,131207,131208],{},"That means you can:",[167,131210,131211,131214,131217],{},[170,131212,131213],{},"save it in a variable",[170,131215,131216],{},"print it directly",[170,131218,131219],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,131221,219],{},[33,131223,131225],{"className":35,"code":131224,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[17,131226,131227,131258,131268],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131228,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131254,131256],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131230,90104],{"class":114},[42,131232,88],{"class":87},[42,131234,73],{"class":60},[42,131236,45264],{"class":64},[42,131238,4129],{"class":2348},[42,131240,89945],{"class":64},[42,131242,61],{"class":60},[42,131244,122],{"class":56},[42,131246,130175],{"class":125},[42,131248,57],{"class":56},[42,131250,61],{"class":60},[42,131252,131253],{"class":64},"Chris",[42,131255,61],{"class":60},[42,131257,143],{"class":56},[42,131259,131260,131262,131264,131266],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131261,284],{"class":52},[42,131263,57],{"class":56},[42,131265,90121],{"class":125},[42,131267,143],{"class":56},[42,131269,131270,131272,131274,131276,131278,131280],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,131271,284],{"class":52},[42,131273,57],{"class":56},[42,131275,835],{"class":834},[42,131277,57],{"class":56},[42,131279,90121],{"class":125},[42,131281,842],{"class":56},[14,131283,131284],{},[177,131285,2395],{},[33,131287,131289],{"className":35,"code":131288,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[17,131290,131291,131300],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131292,131293,131295,131297],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131294,654],{"class":114},[42,131296,70],{"class":56},[42,131298,131299],{"class":114}," Chris!\n",[42,131301,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131303,855],{"class":87},[42,131305,859],{"class":858},[42,131307,862],{"class":60},[42,131309,3775],{"class":64},[42,131311,868],{"class":60},[42,131313,871],{"class":87},[14,131315,131316],{},"The original string is not changed.",[28,131318,131320,131322],{"id":131319},"format-vs-f-strings",[17,131321,126455],{}," vs f-strings",[14,131324,131325,131327],{},[17,131326,126455],{}," is a string method.",[14,131329,131330],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,131332,46403,131333,1935],{},[17,131334,126455],{},[33,131336,131338],{"className":35,"code":131337,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[17,131339,131340,131353],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131341,131342,131344,131346,131348,131351],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131343,8226],{"class":114},[42,131345,88],{"class":87},[42,131347,73],{"class":60},[42,131349,131350],{"class":64},"Rita",[42,131352,3689],{"class":60},[42,131354,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131356,284],{"class":52},[42,131358,57],{"class":56},[42,131360,61],{"class":60},[42,131362,45264],{"class":64},[42,131364,4129],{"class":2348},[42,131366,89945],{"class":64},[42,131368,61],{"class":60},[42,131370,122],{"class":56},[42,131372,130175],{"class":125},[42,131374,57],{"class":56},[42,131376,8016],{"class":125},[42,131378,842],{"class":56},[14,131380,131381],{},"Example with an f-string:",[33,131383,131385],{"className":35,"code":131384,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[17,131386,131387,131399],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131388,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131390,8226],{"class":114},[42,131392,88],{"class":87},[42,131394,73],{"class":60},[42,131396,131350],{"class":64},[42,131398,3689],{"class":60},[42,131400,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131418],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131402,284],{"class":52},[42,131404,57],{"class":56},[42,131406,22651],{"class":858},[42,131408,43708],{"class":64},[42,131410,9628],{"class":2348},[42,131412,8016],{"class":125},[42,131414,22660],{"class":2348},[42,131416,131417],{"class":64},"!\"",[42,131419,143],{"class":56},[14,131421,131422],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,131424,131425,131426,131428,131429,122],{},"This page focuses on how ",[17,131427,126455],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[693,131430,89790],{"href":89789},[28,131432,1929],{"id":1928},[14,131434,131435,131436,122],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[17,131437,126455],{},[1073,131439,131441],{"id":131440},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,131443,131444],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[33,131446,131448],{"className":35,"code":131447,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131449,131450,131483],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131451,131452,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131453,35048],{"class":114},[42,131455,88],{"class":87},[42,131457,73],{"class":60},[42,131459,45264],{"class":64},[42,131461,4129],{"class":2348},[42,131463,131464],{"class":2348}," {}",[42,131466,89945],{"class":64},[42,131468,61],{"class":60},[42,131470,122],{"class":56},[42,131472,130175],{"class":125},[42,131474,57],{"class":56},[42,131476,61],{"class":60},[42,131478,8025],{"class":64},[42,131480,61],{"class":60},[42,131482,143],{"class":56},[42,131484,131485,131487,131489,131491],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131486,284],{"class":52},[42,131488,57],{"class":56},[42,131490,444],{"class":125},[42,131492,143],{"class":56},[14,131494,131495],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,131497,131498],{},"Fixed version:",[33,131500,131502],{"className":35,"code":131501,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131503,131504,131545],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131505,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520,131522,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538,131541,131543],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131507,35048],{"class":114},[42,131509,88],{"class":87},[42,131511,73],{"class":60},[42,131513,45264],{"class":64},[42,131515,4129],{"class":2348},[42,131517,131464],{"class":2348},[42,131519,89945],{"class":64},[42,131521,61],{"class":60},[42,131523,122],{"class":56},[42,131525,130175],{"class":125},[42,131527,57],{"class":56},[42,131529,61],{"class":60},[42,131531,8025],{"class":64},[42,131533,61],{"class":60},[42,131535,70],{"class":56},[42,131537,73],{"class":60},[42,131539,131540],{"class":64},"Lee",[42,131542,61],{"class":60},[42,131544,143],{"class":56},[42,131546,131547,131549,131551,131553],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131548,284],{"class":52},[42,131550,57],{"class":56},[42,131552,444],{"class":125},[42,131554,143],{"class":56},[1073,131556,131558],{"id":131557},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131560,131561,131562,122],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[17,131563,126455],{},[14,131565,131566],{},"Problem:",[33,131568,131570],{"className":35,"code":131569,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131571,131572,131606],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131573,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586,131588,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131575,35048],{"class":114},[42,131577,88],{"class":87},[42,131579,73],{"class":60},[42,131581,45264],{"class":64},[42,131583,130792],{"class":2348},[42,131585,89945],{"class":64},[42,131587,61],{"class":60},[42,131589,122],{"class":56},[42,131591,130175],{"class":125},[42,131593,57],{"class":56},[42,131595,8335],{"class":83},[42,131597,88],{"class":87},[42,131599,61],{"class":60},[42,131601,8025],{"class":64},[42,131603,61],{"class":60},[42,131605,143],{"class":56},[42,131607,131608,131610,131612,131614],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131609,284],{"class":52},[42,131611,57],{"class":56},[42,131613,444],{"class":125},[42,131615,143],{"class":56},[14,131617,131498],{},[33,131619,131621],{"className":35,"code":131620,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131622,131623,131657],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131624,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647,131649,131651,131653,131655],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131626,35048],{"class":114},[42,131628,88],{"class":87},[42,131630,73],{"class":60},[42,131632,45264],{"class":64},[42,131634,130792],{"class":2348},[42,131636,89945],{"class":64},[42,131638,61],{"class":60},[42,131640,122],{"class":56},[42,131642,130175],{"class":125},[42,131644,57],{"class":56},[42,131646,8016],{"class":83},[42,131648,88],{"class":87},[42,131650,61],{"class":60},[42,131652,8025],{"class":64},[42,131654,61],{"class":60},[42,131656,143],{"class":56},[42,131658,131659,131661,131663,131665],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131660,284],{"class":52},[42,131662,57],{"class":56},[42,131664,444],{"class":125},[42,131666,143],{"class":56},[1073,131668,8803,131670,131672],{"id":131669},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[17,131671,126455],{}," to change the original string",[14,131674,131675,131677],{},[17,131676,126455],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131679,131566],{},[33,131681,131683],{"className":35,"code":131682,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131684,131685,131699,131717],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131686,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131688,35048],{"class":114},[42,131690,88],{"class":87},[42,131692,73],{"class":60},[42,131694,45264],{"class":64},[42,131696,4129],{"class":2348},[42,131698,3689],{"class":60},[42,131700,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131702,444],{"class":114},[42,131704,122],{"class":56},[42,131706,130175],{"class":125},[42,131708,57],{"class":56},[42,131710,61],{"class":60},[42,131712,8025],{"class":64},[42,131714,61],{"class":60},[42,131716,143],{"class":56},[42,131718,131719,131721,131723,131725],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,131720,284],{"class":52},[42,131722,57],{"class":56},[42,131724,444],{"class":125},[42,131726,143],{"class":56},[14,131728,131729],{},[177,131730,2395],{},[33,131732,131734],{"className":35,"code":131733,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hello, {}\n",[17,131735,131736],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131737,131738,131740,131742],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131739,654],{"class":114},[42,131741,70],{"class":56},[42,131743,10189],{"class":56},[14,131745,131498],{},[33,131747,131749],{"className":35,"code":131748,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,131750,131751,131765,131787],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131752,131753,131755,131757,131759,131761,131763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131754,35048],{"class":114},[42,131756,88],{"class":87},[42,131758,73],{"class":60},[42,131760,45264],{"class":64},[42,131762,4129],{"class":2348},[42,131764,3689],{"class":60},[42,131766,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783,131785],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131768,35048],{"class":114},[42,131770,88],{"class":87},[42,131772,43203],{"class":114},[42,131774,122],{"class":56},[42,131776,130175],{"class":125},[42,131778,57],{"class":56},[42,131780,61],{"class":60},[42,131782,8025],{"class":64},[42,131784,61],{"class":60},[42,131786,143],{"class":56},[42,131788,131789,131791,131793,131795],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,131790,284],{"class":52},[42,131792,57],{"class":56},[42,131794,444],{"class":125},[42,131796,143],{"class":56},[1073,131798,5045,131800,131802],{"id":131799},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[17,131801,126455],{}," returns a new string",[14,131804,131805],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1073,131807,131809],{"id":131808},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131811,131812],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131814,131815,131816,131818],{},"Use simple ",[17,131817,4129],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131820,131821,131822,122],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[693,131823,90503],{"href":90502},[28,131825,68259],{"id":68258},[14,131827,131828],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[33,131830,131832],{"className":35,"code":131831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[17,131833,131834,131844,131858,131887],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,131835,131836,131838,131840,131842],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,131837,284],{"class":52},[42,131839,57],{"class":56},[42,131841,444],{"class":125},[42,131843,143],{"class":56},[42,131845,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,131847,284],{"class":52},[42,131849,57],{"class":56},[42,131851,835],{"class":834},[42,131853,57],{"class":56},[42,131855,2803],{"class":125},[42,131857,842],{"class":56},[42,131859,131860,131862,131864,131866,131869,131871,131873,131875,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,131861,284],{"class":52},[42,131863,57],{"class":56},[42,131865,61],{"class":60},[42,131867,131868],{"class":64},"Hello ",[42,131870,4129],{"class":2348},[42,131872,61],{"class":60},[42,131874,122],{"class":56},[42,131876,130175],{"class":125},[42,131878,57],{"class":56},[42,131880,61],{"class":60},[42,131882,8025],{"class":64},[42,131884,61],{"class":60},[42,131886,842],{"class":56},[42,131888,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,131890,32512],{"class":52},[42,131892,57],{"class":56},[42,131894,3775],{"class":834},[42,131896,122],{"class":56},[42,131898,130175],{"class":2022},[42,131900,143],{"class":56},[14,131902,131903],{},"Use them to check:",[167,131905,131906,131909,131912,131915],{},[170,131907,131908],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[170,131910,131911],{},"what type your value has",[170,131913,131914],{},"whether a small test example works",[170,131916,131917,131918],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[17,131919,131920],{},"str.format",[28,131922,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,131924,129956,131926,13072],{"id":131925},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[17,131927,126455],{},[14,131929,131930],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1073,131932,131934],{"id":131933},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131936,131937,131938,131940],{},"No. You can use plain ",[17,131939,4129],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1073,131942,131944,131945,2823],{"id":131943},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[17,131946,126455],{},[14,131948,131949,131950,131953],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[17,131951,131952],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1073,131955,15260,131957,131959],{"id":131956},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[17,131958,126455],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131961,131962,131963,131965],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[17,131964,126455],{}," is still useful and common.",[28,131967,2205],{"id":2204},[167,131969,131970,131974,131978,131984,131990],{},[170,131971,131972],{},[693,131973,125207],{"href":51338},[170,131975,131976],{},[693,131977,90780],{"href":89789},[170,131979,131980],{},[693,131981,3908,131982,3841],{"href":46812},[17,131983,46815],{},[170,131985,131986],{},[693,131987,3908,131988,3841],{"href":42538},[17,131989,48045],{},[170,131991,131992],{},[693,131993,90503],{"href":90502},[2245,131995,131996],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":131998},[131999,132000,132002,132003,132004,132005,132006,132007,132009,132018,132019,132028],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":130242,"depth":111,"text":132001},"What the format() method does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":130523,"depth":111,"text":130524},{"id":130785,"depth":111,"text":130786},{"id":131016,"depth":111,"text":131017},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":131319,"depth":111,"text":132008},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":132010},[132011,132012,132013,132015,132017],{"id":131440,"depth":132,"text":131441},{"id":131557,"depth":132,"text":131558},{"id":131669,"depth":132,"text":132014},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131799,"depth":132,"text":132016},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131808,"depth":132,"text":131809},{"id":68258,"depth":111,"text":68259},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":132020},[132021,132023,132024,132026],{"id":131925,"depth":132,"text":132022},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131933,"depth":132,"text":131934},{"id":131943,"depth":132,"text":132025},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131956,"depth":132,"text":132027},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130102,"description":132029},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132036,"title":132037,"body":132038,"description":133518,"extension":2285,"meta":133519,"navigation":2287,"path":133520,"seo":133521,"stem":133522,"__hash__":133523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132039,"toc":133490},[132040,132045,132050,132055,132057,132119,132126,132132,132137,132139,132155,132157,132228,132230,132244,132247,132297,132299,132301,132328,132331,132346,132349,132390,132393,132438,132445,132494,132496,132504,132506,132524,132526,132619,132627,132668,132673,132680,132686,132693,132696,132700,132801,132803,132825,132829,132882,132885,132888,132894,132901,132903,132942,132944,132962,132972,132979,133062,133065,133072,133079,133086,133090,133098,133144,133148,133157,133222,133227,133232,133243,133245,133250,133277,133279,133382,133385,133405,133407,133412,133415,133419,133423,133430,133439,133445,133448,133454,133456,133458,133487],[10,132041,123452,132043,11676],{"id":132042},"python-string-index-method",[17,132044,59333],{},[14,132046,123457,132047,132049],{},[17,132048,59333],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,132051,132052,132053,122],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[17,132054,41067],{},[28,132056,31],{"id":30},[33,132058,132060],{"className":35,"code":132059,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[17,132061,132062,132074,132096,132106,132110,132114],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132063,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132065,35048],{"class":114},[42,132067,88],{"class":87},[42,132069,73],{"class":60},[42,132071,60772],{"class":64},[42,132073,3689],{"class":60},[42,132075,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132077,65284],{"class":114},[42,132079,88],{"class":87},[42,132081,43203],{"class":114},[42,132083,122],{"class":56},[42,132085,36205],{"class":125},[42,132087,57],{"class":56},[42,132089,61],{"class":60},[42,132091,60955],{"class":64},[42,132093,61],{"class":60},[42,132095,143],{"class":56},[42,132097,132098,132100,132102,132104],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,132099,284],{"class":52},[42,132101,57],{"class":56},[42,132103,65311],{"class":125},[42,132105,143],{"class":56},[42,132107,132108],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,132109,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,132111,132112],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,132113,90921],{"class":525},[42,132115,132116],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,132117,132118],{"class":525},"# 6\n",[14,132120,146,132121,132123,132124,122],{},[17,132122,59333],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[17,132125,41067],{},[28,132127,4013,132129,4016],{"id":132128},"what-strindex-does",[17,132130,132131],{},"str.index()",[14,132133,132134,132136],{},[17,132135,132131],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,132138,13409],{},[167,132140,132141,132144,132147,132150],{},[170,132142,132143],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[170,132145,132146],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[170,132148,132149],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[170,132151,30652,132152,132154],{},[17,132153,41067],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,132156,219],{},[33,132158,132160],{"className":35,"code":132159,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[17,132161,132162,132174,132178,132203],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132163,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132165,35048],{"class":114},[42,132167,88],{"class":87},[42,132169,73],{"class":60},[42,132171,4427],{"class":64},[42,132173,3689],{"class":60},[42,132175,132176],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132177,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,132179,132180,132182,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,132181,284],{"class":52},[42,132183,57],{"class":56},[42,132185,444],{"class":125},[42,132187,122],{"class":56},[42,132189,36205],{"class":125},[42,132191,57],{"class":56},[42,132193,61],{"class":60},[42,132195,693],{"class":64},[42,132197,61],{"class":60},[42,132199,5705],{"class":56},[42,132201,132202],{"class":525},"     # 1\n",[42,132204,132205,132207,132209,132211,132213,132215,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,132206,284],{"class":52},[42,132208,57],{"class":56},[42,132210,444],{"class":125},[42,132212,122],{"class":56},[42,132214,36205],{"class":125},[42,132216,57],{"class":56},[42,132218,61],{"class":60},[42,132220,123545],{"class":64},[42,132222,61],{"class":60},[42,132224,5705],{"class":56},[42,132226,132227],{"class":525},"    # 2\n",[14,132229,2503],{},[167,132231,132232,132238],{},[170,132233,132234,128665,132236],{},[17,132235,493],{},[17,132237,3320],{},[170,132239,132240,128665,132242],{},[17,132241,128664],{},[17,132243,2381],{},[14,132245,132246],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[33,132248,132250],{"className":35,"code":132249,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[17,132251,132252,132264,132268,132292],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132253,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132255,35048],{"class":114},[42,132257,88],{"class":87},[42,132259,73],{"class":60},[42,132261,654],{"class":64},[42,132263,3689],{"class":60},[42,132265,132266],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132267,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,132269,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,132271,284],{"class":52},[42,132273,57],{"class":56},[42,132275,444],{"class":125},[42,132277,122],{"class":56},[42,132279,36205],{"class":125},[42,132281,57],{"class":56},[42,132283,61],{"class":60},[42,132285,51554],{"class":64},[42,132287,61],{"class":60},[42,132289,5705],{"class":56},[42,132291,21126],{"class":525},[42,132293,132294],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,132295,132296],{"class":525},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[28,132298,312],{"id":311},[14,132300,2484],{},[33,132302,132304],{"className":35,"code":132303,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,132305,132306],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132307,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132309,61538],{"class":114},[42,132311,122],{"class":56},[42,132313,36205],{"class":125},[42,132315,57],{"class":56},[42,132317,2803],{"class":125},[42,132319,70],{"class":56},[42,132321,36411],{"class":125},[42,132323,70],{"class":56},[42,132325,65405],{"class":125},[42,132327,143],{"class":56},[14,132329,132330],{},"Parameters:",[167,132332,132333,132337,132341],{},[170,132334,132335,123644],{},[17,132336,2803],{},[170,132338,132339,128711],{},[17,132340,36432],{},[170,132342,132343,132345],{},[17,132344,53024],{},": optional stopping position",[14,132347,132348],{},"You can use just the value:",[33,132350,132352],{"className":35,"code":132351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[17,132353,132354,132366],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132355,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132357,35048],{"class":114},[42,132359,88],{"class":87},[42,132361,73],{"class":60},[42,132363,37],{"class":64},[42,132365,3689],{"class":60},[42,132367,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132369,284],{"class":52},[42,132371,57],{"class":56},[42,132373,444],{"class":125},[42,132375,122],{"class":56},[42,132377,36205],{"class":125},[42,132379,57],{"class":56},[42,132381,61],{"class":60},[42,132383,63651],{"class":64},[42,132385,61],{"class":60},[42,132387,5705],{"class":56},[42,132389,51778],{"class":525},[14,132391,132392],{},"Or include a start position:",[33,132394,132396],{"className":35,"code":132395,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[17,132397,132398,132410],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132399,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132401,35048],{"class":114},[42,132403,88],{"class":87},[42,132405,73],{"class":60},[42,132407,4427],{"class":64},[42,132409,3689],{"class":60},[42,132411,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132413,284],{"class":52},[42,132415,57],{"class":56},[42,132417,444],{"class":125},[42,132419,122],{"class":56},[42,132421,36205],{"class":125},[42,132423,57],{"class":56},[42,132425,61],{"class":60},[42,132427,693],{"class":64},[42,132429,61],{"class":60},[42,132431,70],{"class":56},[42,132433,3325],{"class":2348},[42,132435,5705],{"class":56},[42,132437,51133],{"class":525},[14,132439,132440,132441,1753,132443,1935],{},"Or include both ",[17,132442,36432],{},[17,132444,53024],{},[33,132446,132448],{"className":35,"code":132447,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[17,132449,132450,132462],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132451,132452,132454,132456,132458,132460],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132453,35048],{"class":114},[42,132455,88],{"class":87},[42,132457,73],{"class":60},[42,132459,4427],{"class":64},[42,132461,3689],{"class":60},[42,132463,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132465,284],{"class":52},[42,132467,57],{"class":56},[42,132469,444],{"class":125},[42,132471,122],{"class":56},[42,132473,36205],{"class":125},[42,132475,57],{"class":56},[42,132477,61],{"class":60},[42,132479,693],{"class":64},[42,132481,61],{"class":60},[42,132483,70],{"class":56},[42,132485,3325],{"class":2348},[42,132487,70],{"class":56},[42,132489,4946],{"class":2348},[42,132491,5705],{"class":56},[42,132493,51133],{"class":525},[28,132495,38382],{"id":38381},[14,132497,29067,132498,132500,132501,122],{},[17,132499,59333],{}," is a ",[177,132502,132503],{},"zero-based index",[14,132505,2432],{},[167,132507,132508,132514,132519],{},[170,132509,132510,132511,132513],{},"Index ",[17,132512,2445],{}," is the first character",[170,132515,132510,132516,132518],{},[17,132517,3320],{}," is the second character",[170,132520,132510,132521,132523],{},[17,132522,2381],{}," is the third character",[14,132525,219],{},[33,132527,132529],{"className":35,"code":132528,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[17,132530,132531,132543,132547,132571,132595],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132532,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132534,35048],{"class":114},[42,132536,88],{"class":87},[42,132538,73],{"class":60},[42,132540,37408],{"class":64},[42,132542,3689],{"class":60},[42,132544,132545],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132546,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,132548,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,132550,284],{"class":52},[42,132552,57],{"class":56},[42,132554,444],{"class":125},[42,132556,122],{"class":56},[42,132558,36205],{"class":125},[42,132560,57],{"class":56},[42,132562,61],{"class":60},[42,132564,10090],{"class":64},[42,132566,61],{"class":60},[42,132568,5705],{"class":56},[42,132570,51610],{"class":525},[42,132572,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,132574,284],{"class":52},[42,132576,57],{"class":56},[42,132578,444],{"class":125},[42,132580,122],{"class":56},[42,132582,36205],{"class":125},[42,132584,57],{"class":56},[42,132586,61],{"class":60},[42,132588,693],{"class":64},[42,132590,61],{"class":60},[42,132592,5705],{"class":56},[42,132594,28138],{"class":525},[42,132596,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,132598,284],{"class":52},[42,132600,57],{"class":56},[42,132602,444],{"class":125},[42,132604,122],{"class":56},[42,132606,36205],{"class":125},[42,132608,57],{"class":56},[42,132610,61],{"class":60},[42,132612,63651],{"class":64},[42,132614,61],{"class":60},[42,132616,5705],{"class":56},[42,132618,51778],{"class":525},[14,132620,132621,132623,132624,132626],{},[17,132622,59333],{}," returns only the ",[177,132625,30268],{}," matching position.",[33,132628,132630],{"className":35,"code":132629,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[17,132631,132632,132644],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132633,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132635,35048],{"class":114},[42,132637,88],{"class":87},[42,132639,73],{"class":60},[42,132641,4427],{"class":64},[42,132643,3689],{"class":60},[42,132645,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664,132666],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132647,284],{"class":52},[42,132649,57],{"class":56},[42,132651,444],{"class":125},[42,132653,122],{"class":56},[42,132655,36205],{"class":125},[42,132657,57],{"class":56},[42,132659,61],{"class":60},[42,132661,693],{"class":64},[42,132663,61],{"class":60},[42,132665,5705],{"class":56},[42,132667,28138],{"class":525},[14,132669,21335,132670,132672],{},[17,132671,493],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132674,132675,132676,122],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[693,132677,132678,11093],{"href":124902},[17,132679,58955],{},[28,132681,1940,132682,1753,132684],{"id":65770},[17,132683,36432],{},[17,132685,53024],{},[14,132687,2303,132688,1753,132690,132692],{},[17,132689,36432],{},[17,132691,53024],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132694,132695],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132697,46403,132698,1935],{},[17,132699,36432],{},[33,132701,132703],{"className":35,"code":132702,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[17,132704,132705,132717,132721,132745,132773],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132706,132707,132709,132711,132713,132715],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132708,35048],{"class":114},[42,132710,88],{"class":87},[42,132712,73],{"class":60},[42,132714,4427],{"class":64},[42,132716,3689],{"class":60},[42,132718,132719],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132720,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,132722,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741,132743],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,132724,284],{"class":52},[42,132726,57],{"class":56},[42,132728,444],{"class":125},[42,132730,122],{"class":56},[42,132732,36205],{"class":125},[42,132734,57],{"class":56},[42,132736,61],{"class":60},[42,132738,693],{"class":64},[42,132740,61],{"class":60},[42,132742,5705],{"class":56},[42,132744,51483],{"class":525},[42,132746,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,132748,284],{"class":52},[42,132750,57],{"class":56},[42,132752,444],{"class":125},[42,132754,122],{"class":56},[42,132756,36205],{"class":125},[42,132758,57],{"class":56},[42,132760,61],{"class":60},[42,132762,693],{"class":64},[42,132764,61],{"class":60},[42,132766,70],{"class":56},[42,132768,3325],{"class":2348},[42,132770,5705],{"class":56},[42,132772,51332],{"class":525},[42,132774,132775,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,132776,284],{"class":52},[42,132778,57],{"class":56},[42,132780,444],{"class":125},[42,132782,122],{"class":56},[42,132784,36205],{"class":125},[42,132786,57],{"class":56},[42,132788,61],{"class":60},[42,132790,693],{"class":64},[42,132792,61],{"class":60},[42,132794,70],{"class":56},[42,132796,2787],{"class":2348},[42,132798,5705],{"class":56},[42,132800,51116],{"class":525},[14,132802,449],{},[167,132804,132805,132812,132818],{},[170,132806,132807,132808,65960,132810],{},"The first search finds the first ",[17,132809,493],{},[17,132811,3320],{},[170,132813,132814,132815,132817],{},"Starting at index ",[17,132816,2381],{}," skips that first match",[170,132819,132814,132820,132822,132823],{},[17,132821,2836],{}," finds the last ",[17,132824,493],{},[14,132826,46403,132827,1935],{},[17,132828,53024],{},[33,132830,132832],{"className":35,"code":132831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[17,132833,132834,132846,132850],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132835,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132837,35048],{"class":114},[42,132839,88],{"class":87},[42,132841,73],{"class":60},[42,132843,4427],{"class":64},[42,132845,3689],{"class":60},[42,132847,132848],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132849,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,132851,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,132853,284],{"class":52},[42,132855,57],{"class":56},[42,132857,444],{"class":125},[42,132859,122],{"class":56},[42,132861,36205],{"class":125},[42,132863,57],{"class":56},[42,132865,61],{"class":60},[42,132867,76392],{"class":64},[42,132869,61],{"class":60},[42,132871,70],{"class":56},[42,132873,4171],{"class":2348},[42,132875,70],{"class":56},[42,132877,2787],{"class":2348},[42,132879,5705],{"class":56},[42,132881,51778],{"class":525},[14,132883,132884],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132886,132887],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[28,132889,44575,132891,132893],{"id":132890},"when-index-causes-an-error",[17,132892,59333],{}," causes an error",[14,132895,132896,132897,52858,132899,122],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[17,132898,59333],{},[17,132900,41067],{},[14,132902,219],{},[33,132904,132906],{"className":35,"code":132905,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[17,132907,132908,132920],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132909,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132911,35048],{"class":114},[42,132913,88],{"class":87},[42,132915,73],{"class":60},[42,132917,4183],{"class":64},[42,132919,3689],{"class":60},[42,132921,132922,132924,132926,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132923,284],{"class":52},[42,132925,57],{"class":56},[42,132927,444],{"class":125},[42,132929,122],{"class":56},[42,132931,36205],{"class":125},[42,132933,57],{"class":56},[42,132935,61],{"class":60},[42,132937,22434],{"class":64},[42,132939,61],{"class":60},[42,132941,842],{"class":56},[14,132943,2395],{},[33,132945,132947],{"className":35,"code":132946,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[17,132948,132949],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132950,132951,132953,132955,132958,132960],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132952,41067],{"class":834},[42,132954,1935],{"class":56},[42,132956,132957],{"class":114}," substring ",[42,132959,179],{"class":87},[42,132961,66193],{"class":114},[14,132963,53705,132964,126418,132969,132971],{},[693,132965,132966],{"href":130096},[17,132967,132968],{},"str.find()",[17,132970,66218],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132973,132974,132975,1753,132977,1935],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[17,132976,30163],{},[17,132978,30194],{},[33,132980,132982],{"className":35,"code":132981,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[17,132983,132984,132996,133000,133006,133029,133039,133047],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,132985,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,132987,35048],{"class":114},[42,132989,88],{"class":87},[42,132991,73],{"class":60},[42,132993,4183],{"class":64},[42,132995,3689],{"class":60},[42,132997,132998],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,132999,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,133001,133002,133004],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,133003,30163],{"class":48},[42,133005,108],{"class":56},[42,133007,133008,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,133009,133010],{"class":114},"    position ",[42,133012,88],{"class":87},[42,133014,43203],{"class":114},[42,133016,122],{"class":56},[42,133018,36205],{"class":125},[42,133020,57],{"class":56},[42,133022,61],{"class":60},[42,133024,22434],{"class":64},[42,133026,61],{"class":60},[42,133028,143],{"class":56},[42,133030,133031,133033,133035,133037],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,133032,135],{"class":52},[42,133034,57],{"class":56},[42,133036,65311],{"class":125},[42,133038,143],{"class":56},[42,133040,133041,133043,133045],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,133042,30194],{"class":48},[42,133044,42289],{"class":834},[42,133046,108],{"class":56},[42,133048,133049,133051,133053,133055,133058,133060],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,133050,135],{"class":52},[42,133052,57],{"class":56},[42,133054,61],{"class":60},[42,133056,133057],{"class":64},"Substring not found",[42,133059,61],{"class":60},[42,133061,143],{"class":56},[14,133063,133064],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,133066,42309,133067,122],{},[693,133068,26037,133070],{"href":133069},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[17,133071,129423],{},[28,133073,133075,10937,133077],{"id":133074},"index-vs-find",[17,133076,59333],{},[17,133078,124447],{},[14,133080,133081,1753,133083,133085],{},[17,133082,59333],{},[17,133084,124447],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1073,133087,133088],{"id":36205},[17,133089,59333],{},[167,133091,133092,133095],{},[170,133093,133094],{},"Returns the first match position",[170,133096,133097],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[33,133099,133101],{"className":35,"code":133100,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[17,133102,133103,133115,133139],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133104,133105,133107,133109,133111,133113],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133106,35048],{"class":114},[42,133108,88],{"class":87},[42,133110,73],{"class":60},[42,133112,4183],{"class":64},[42,133114,3689],{"class":60},[42,133116,133117,133119,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,133118,284],{"class":52},[42,133120,57],{"class":56},[42,133122,444],{"class":125},[42,133124,122],{"class":56},[42,133126,36205],{"class":125},[42,133128,57],{"class":56},[42,133130,61],{"class":60},[42,133132,60813],{"class":64},[42,133134,61],{"class":60},[42,133136,5705],{"class":56},[42,133138,28138],{"class":525},[42,133140,133141],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,133142,133143],{"class":525},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1073,133145,133146],{"id":128477},[17,133147,124447],{},[167,133149,133150,133152],{},[170,133151,133094],{},[170,133153,11778,133154,133156],{},[17,133155,66218],{}," if nothing is found",[33,133158,133160],{"className":35,"code":133159,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[17,133161,133162,133174,133198],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133163,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133165,35048],{"class":114},[42,133167,88],{"class":87},[42,133169,73],{"class":60},[42,133171,4183],{"class":64},[42,133173,3689],{"class":60},[42,133175,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190,133192,133194,133196],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,133177,284],{"class":52},[42,133179,57],{"class":56},[42,133181,444],{"class":125},[42,133183,122],{"class":56},[42,133185,128477],{"class":125},[42,133187,57],{"class":56},[42,133189,61],{"class":60},[42,133191,60813],{"class":64},[42,133193,61],{"class":60},[42,133195,5705],{"class":56},[42,133197,28138],{"class":525},[42,133199,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,133201,284],{"class":52},[42,133203,57],{"class":56},[42,133205,444],{"class":125},[42,133207,122],{"class":56},[42,133209,128477],{"class":125},[42,133211,57],{"class":56},[42,133213,61],{"class":60},[42,133215,22434],{"class":64},[42,133217,61],{"class":60},[42,133219,5705],{"class":56},[42,133221,128833],{"class":525},[14,133223,146,133224,133226],{},[17,133225,59333],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,133228,146,133229,133231],{},[17,133230,124447],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,133233,133234,133235,1327,133240,122],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[693,133236,133237,133239],{"href":130096},[17,133238,132968],{}," method reference",[693,133241,127488],{"href":133242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[28,133244,1929],{"id":1928},[14,133246,133247,133248,1935],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[17,133249,59333],{},[167,133251,133252,133255,133262,133267,133272],{},[170,133253,133254],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[170,133256,8803,133257,8806,133259,133261],{},[17,133258,59333],{},[17,133260,66218],{}," when no match exists",[170,133263,1940,133264,133266],{},[17,133265,59333],{}," on a value that may not be present",[170,133268,133269,133270],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[17,133271,3320],{},[170,133273,4920,133274,133276],{},[17,133275,59333],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,133278,62659],{},[33,133280,133282],{"className":35,"code":133281,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[17,133283,133284,133294,133308,133330,133352],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133285,133286,133288,133290,133292],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133287,284],{"class":52},[42,133289,57],{"class":56},[42,133291,444],{"class":125},[42,133293,143],{"class":56},[42,133295,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,133297,284],{"class":52},[42,133299,57],{"class":56},[42,133301,42142],{"class":52},[42,133303,57],{"class":56},[42,133305,444],{"class":125},[42,133307,842],{"class":56},[42,133309,133310,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,133311,284],{"class":52},[42,133313,57],{"class":56},[42,133315,444],{"class":125},[42,133317,122],{"class":56},[42,133319,36205],{"class":125},[42,133321,57],{"class":56},[42,133323,61],{"class":60},[42,133325,2803],{"class":64},[42,133327,61],{"class":60},[42,133329,842],{"class":56},[42,133331,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,133333,284],{"class":52},[42,133335,57],{"class":56},[42,133337,444],{"class":125},[42,133339,122],{"class":56},[42,133341,128477],{"class":125},[42,133343,57],{"class":56},[42,133345,61],{"class":60},[42,133347,2803],{"class":64},[42,133349,61],{"class":60},[42,133351,842],{"class":56},[42,133353,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,133355,284],{"class":52},[42,133357,57],{"class":56},[42,133359,444],{"class":125},[42,133361,122],{"class":56},[42,133363,36205],{"class":125},[42,133365,57],{"class":56},[42,133367,61],{"class":60},[42,133369,2803],{"class":64},[42,133371,61],{"class":60},[42,133373,70],{"class":56},[42,133375,36411],{"class":125},[42,133377,70],{"class":56},[42,133379,65405],{"class":125},[42,133381,842],{"class":56},[14,133383,133384],{},"Tips:",[167,133386,133387,133392,133397,133400],{},[170,133388,146,133389,133391],{},[17,133390,126374],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[170,133393,146,133394,133396],{},[17,133395,124447],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[170,133398,133399],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[170,133401,133402,133403],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[17,133404,2445],{},[28,133406,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,133408,129956,133410,13072],{"id":133409},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[17,133411,59333],{},[14,133413,133414],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1073,133416,133418],{"id":133417},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,133420,77220,133421,122],{},[17,133422,41067],{},[1073,133424,2171,133426,1753,133428,2823],{"id":133425},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[17,133427,59333],{},[17,133429,124447],{},[14,133431,133432,133434,133435,2726,133437,6978],{},[17,133433,59333],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[17,133436,124447],{},[17,133438,66218],{},[1073,133440,5513,133442,133444],{"id":133441},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[17,133443,59333],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,133446,133447],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1073,133449,133451,133452,124788],{"id":133450},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[17,133453,59333],{},[14,133455,129981],{},[28,133457,2205],{"id":2204},[167,133459,133460,133466,133470,133475,133481],{},[170,133461,133462],{},[693,133463,133464,11093],{"href":130096},[17,133465,132968],{},[170,133467,133468],{},[693,133469,124851],{"href":133242},[170,133471,133472],{},[693,133473,130057],{"href":133474},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[170,133476,133477],{},[693,133478,133479,11093],{"href":124902},[17,133480,58955],{},[170,133482,133483],{},[693,133484,30706,133485],{"href":133069},[17,133486,129423],{},[2245,133488,133489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":133491},[133492,133493,133495,133496,133497,133498,133500,133505,133506,133517],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":132128,"depth":111,"text":133494},"What str.index() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":38381,"depth":111,"text":38382},{"id":65770,"depth":111,"text":66553},{"id":132890,"depth":111,"text":133499},"When index() causes an error",{"id":133074,"depth":111,"text":133501,"children":133502},"index() vs find()",[133503,133504],{"id":36205,"depth":132,"text":59333},{"id":128477,"depth":132,"text":124447},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":133507},[133508,133510,133511,133513,133515],{"id":133409,"depth":132,"text":133509},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133417,"depth":132,"text":133418},{"id":133425,"depth":132,"text":133512},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133441,"depth":132,"text":133514},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133450,"depth":132,"text":133516},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132037,"description":133518},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133525,"title":133526,"body":133527,"description":136302,"extension":2285,"meta":136303,"navigation":2287,"path":136304,"seo":136305,"stem":136306,"__hash__":136307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133528,"toc":136238},[133529,133535,133540,133543,133546,133557,133559,133628,133630,133644,133649,133654,133659,133661,133704,133706,133789,133791,133837,133843,133845,133847,133867,133869,133892,133894,133968,133970,133989,133994,133996,134000,134072,134074,134088,134092,134168,134170,134189,134193,134287,134289,134298,134305,134381,134383,134401,134405,134408,134415,134464,134466,134475,134482,134541,134543,134561,134564,134571,134630,134632,134650,134657,134714,134716,134725,134729,134734,134738,134797,134799,134817,134821,134868,134873,134876,134945,134947,134964,134971,134977,135032,135037,135040,135117,135119,135137,135143,135149,135209,135211,135230,135236,135239,135246,135299,135304,135306,135367,135376,135383,135385,135442,135447,135449,135520,135524,135579,135581,135590,135595,135601,135670,135672,135704,135710,135718,135725,135731,135796,135798,135807,135813,135894,135896,135905,135910,135924,135931,135935,135940,135968,135970,136103,136106,136143,136145,136151,136160,136165,136168,136173,136178,136184,136187,136196,136199,136201,136230,136235],[10,133530,123452,133532,11676],{"id":133531},"python-string-join-method",[17,133533,133534],{},"join()",[14,133536,123457,133537,133539],{},[17,133538,133534],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133541,133542],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133544,133545],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[167,133547,133548,133554],{},[170,133549,133550,133551,133553],{},"You call ",[17,133552,133534],{}," on the separator string",[170,133555,133556],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[28,133558,3942],{"id":3941},[33,133560,133562],{"className":35,"code":133561,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[17,133563,133564,133597,133618],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133565,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133593,133595],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133567,4409],{"class":114},[42,133569,88],{"class":87},[42,133571,3957],{"class":56},[42,133573,61],{"class":60},[42,133575,7644],{"class":64},[42,133577,61],{"class":60},[42,133579,70],{"class":56},[42,133581,73],{"class":60},[42,133583,12549],{"class":64},[42,133585,61],{"class":60},[42,133587,70],{"class":56},[42,133589,73],{"class":60},[42,133591,133592],{"class":64},"fun",[42,133594,61],{"class":60},[42,133596,3970],{"class":56},[42,133598,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133612,133614,133616],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,133600,2555],{"class":114},[42,133602,88],{"class":87},[42,133604,73],{"class":60},[42,133606,73],{"class":60},[42,133608,122],{"class":56},[42,133610,133611],{"class":125},"join",[42,133613,57],{"class":56},[42,133615,4453],{"class":125},[42,133617,143],{"class":56},[42,133619,133620,133622,133624,133626],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,133621,284],{"class":52},[42,133623,57],{"class":56},[42,133625,2592],{"class":125},[42,133627,143],{"class":56},[14,133629,2395],{},[33,133631,133633],{"className":35,"code":133632,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Python is fun\n",[17,133634,133635],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133636,133637,133639,133641],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133638,3908],{"class":114},[42,133640,12549],{"class":87},[42,133642,133643],{"class":114}," fun\n",[14,133645,146,133646,133648],{},[17,133647,133534],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[28,133650,4013,133652,4016],{"id":133651},"what-join-does",[17,133653,133534],{},[14,133655,133656,133658],{},[17,133657,133534],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133660,165],{},[167,133662,133663,133670,133698,133701],{},[170,133664,133665,133666,133669],{},"It uses the string before ",[17,133667,133668],{},".join()"," as the separator",[170,133671,133672,133673],{},"Common separators are:\n",[167,133674,133675,133681,133687,133693],{},[170,133676,133677,133680],{},[17,133678,133679],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[170,133682,133683,133686],{},[17,133684,133685],{},"\", \""," for commas",[170,133688,133689,133692],{},[17,133690,133691],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[170,133694,133695,133697],{},[17,133696,6618],{}," for no separator",[170,133699,133700],{},"It returns a new string",[170,133702,133703],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133705,219],{},[33,133707,133709],{"className":35,"code":133708,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[17,133710,133711,133743,133765,133769,133779],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133712,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133714,4409],{"class":114},[42,133716,88],{"class":87},[42,133718,3957],{"class":56},[42,133720,61],{"class":60},[42,133722,13450],{"class":64},[42,133724,61],{"class":60},[42,133726,70],{"class":56},[42,133728,73],{"class":60},[42,133730,17814],{"class":64},[42,133732,61],{"class":60},[42,133734,70],{"class":56},[42,133736,73],{"class":60},[42,133738,13467],{"class":64},[42,133740,61],{"class":60},[42,133742,3970],{"class":56},[42,133744,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,133746,2555],{"class":114},[42,133748,88],{"class":87},[42,133750,73],{"class":60},[42,133752,2514],{"class":64},[42,133754,61],{"class":60},[42,133756,122],{"class":56},[42,133758,133611],{"class":125},[42,133760,57],{"class":56},[42,133762,4453],{"class":125},[42,133764,143],{"class":56},[42,133766,133767],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,133768,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,133770,133771,133773,133775,133777],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,133772,284],{"class":52},[42,133774,57],{"class":56},[42,133776,2592],{"class":125},[42,133778,143],{"class":56},[42,133780,133781,133783,133785,133787],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,133782,284],{"class":52},[42,133784,57],{"class":56},[42,133786,4453],{"class":125},[42,133788,143],{"class":56},[14,133790,2395],{},[33,133792,133794],{"className":35,"code":133793,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[17,133795,133796,133809],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133797,133798,133800,133802,133805,133807],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133799,13450],{"class":114},[42,133801,70],{"class":56},[42,133803,133804],{"class":114}," green",[42,133806,70],{"class":56},[42,133808,36240],{"class":114},[42,133810,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,133812,4238],{"class":56},[42,133814,868],{"class":60},[42,133816,13450],{"class":64},[42,133818,868],{"class":60},[42,133820,70],{"class":56},[42,133822,862],{"class":60},[42,133824,17814],{"class":64},[42,133826,868],{"class":60},[42,133828,70],{"class":56},[42,133830,862],{"class":60},[42,133832,13467],{"class":64},[42,133834,868],{"class":60},[42,133836,3970],{"class":56},[14,133838,133839,133840,133842],{},"The list stays the same. ",[17,133841,133534],{}," creates a new string.",[28,133844,312],{"id":311},[14,133846,7565],{},[33,133848,133850],{"className":35,"code":133849,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[17,133851,133852],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133853,133854,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133855,133856],{"class":114},"separator",[42,133858,122],{"class":56},[42,133860,133611],{"class":125},[42,133862,57],{"class":56},[42,133864,4057],{"class":125},[42,133866,143],{"class":56},[1073,133868,49372],{"id":49371},[167,133870,133871,133884,133889],{},[170,133872,133873,133875,133876,2514,133878,2514,133880,2518,133882],{},[17,133874,133856],{}," is a string such as ",[17,133877,133679],{},[17,133879,133685],{},[17,133881,133691],{},[17,133883,6618],{},[170,133885,133886,133888],{},[17,133887,4057],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[170,133890,133891],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133893,219],{},[33,133895,133897],{"className":35,"code":133896,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,133898,133899,133931,133954,133958],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133902,5337],{"class":114},[42,133904,88],{"class":87},[42,133906,3957],{"class":56},[42,133908,61],{"class":60},[42,133910,13237],{"class":64},[42,133912,61],{"class":60},[42,133914,70],{"class":56},[42,133916,73],{"class":60},[42,133918,36300],{"class":64},[42,133920,61],{"class":60},[42,133922,70],{"class":56},[42,133924,73],{"class":60},[42,133926,36309],{"class":64},[42,133928,61],{"class":60},[42,133930,3970],{"class":56},[42,133932,133933,133935,133937,133939,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,133934,2555],{"class":114},[42,133936,88],{"class":87},[42,133938,73],{"class":60},[42,133940,133941],{"class":64}," | ",[42,133943,61],{"class":60},[42,133945,122],{"class":56},[42,133947,133611],{"class":125},[42,133949,57],{"class":56},[42,133951,5381],{"class":125},[42,133953,143],{"class":56},[42,133955,133956],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,133957,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,133959,133960,133962,133964,133966],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,133961,284],{"class":52},[42,133963,57],{"class":56},[42,133965,2592],{"class":125},[42,133967,143],{"class":56},[14,133969,2395],{},[33,133971,133973],{"className":35,"code":133972,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[17,133974,133975],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,133976,133977,133980,133982,133985,133987],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,133978,133979],{"class":114},"Ana ",[42,133981,113959],{"class":87},[42,133983,133984],{"class":114}," Ben ",[42,133986,113959],{"class":87},[42,133988,36381],{"class":114},[14,133990,133991,133992,122],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[693,133993,125207],{"href":51338},[28,133995,121983],{"id":121982},[1073,133997,133999],{"id":133998},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[33,134001,134003],{"className":35,"code":134002,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134004,134005,134038,134058,134062],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134006,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134034,134036],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134008,4409],{"class":114},[42,134010,88],{"class":87},[42,134012,3957],{"class":56},[42,134014,61],{"class":60},[42,134016,7644],{"class":64},[42,134018,61],{"class":60},[42,134020,70],{"class":56},[42,134022,73],{"class":60},[42,134024,12549],{"class":64},[42,134026,61],{"class":60},[42,134028,70],{"class":56},[42,134030,73],{"class":60},[42,134032,134033],{"class":64},"easy",[42,134035,61],{"class":60},[42,134037,3970],{"class":56},[42,134039,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134041,2555],{"class":114},[42,134043,88],{"class":87},[42,134045,73],{"class":60},[42,134047,73],{"class":60},[42,134049,122],{"class":56},[42,134051,133611],{"class":125},[42,134053,57],{"class":56},[42,134055,4453],{"class":125},[42,134057,143],{"class":56},[42,134059,134060],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,134061,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,134063,134064,134066,134068,134070],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,134065,284],{"class":52},[42,134067,57],{"class":56},[42,134069,2592],{"class":125},[42,134071,143],{"class":56},[14,134073,2395],{},[33,134075,134077],{"className":35,"code":134076,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Python is easy\n",[17,134078,134079],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134080,134081,134083,134085],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134082,3908],{"class":114},[42,134084,12549],{"class":87},[42,134086,134087],{"class":114}," easy\n",[1073,134089,134091],{"id":134090},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[33,134093,134095],{"className":35,"code":134094,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134096,134097,134132,134154,134158],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134098,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134110,134112,134114,134116,134119,134121,134123,134125,134128,134130],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134100,8128],{"class":114},[42,134102,88],{"class":87},[42,134104,3957],{"class":56},[42,134106,61],{"class":60},[42,134108,134109],{"class":64},"apples",[42,134111,61],{"class":60},[42,134113,70],{"class":56},[42,134115,73],{"class":60},[42,134117,134118],{"class":64},"bananas",[42,134120,61],{"class":60},[42,134122,70],{"class":56},[42,134124,73],{"class":60},[42,134126,134127],{"class":64},"oranges",[42,134129,61],{"class":60},[42,134131,3970],{"class":56},[42,134133,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134135,2555],{"class":114},[42,134137,88],{"class":87},[42,134139,73],{"class":60},[42,134141,2514],{"class":64},[42,134143,61],{"class":60},[42,134145,122],{"class":56},[42,134147,133611],{"class":125},[42,134149,57],{"class":56},[42,134151,8159],{"class":125},[42,134153,143],{"class":56},[42,134155,134156],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,134157,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,134159,134160,134162,134164,134166],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,134161,284],{"class":52},[42,134163,57],{"class":56},[42,134165,2592],{"class":125},[42,134167,143],{"class":56},[14,134169,2395],{},[33,134171,134173],{"className":35,"code":134172,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[17,134174,134175],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134176,134177,134179,134181,134184,134186],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134178,134109],{"class":114},[42,134180,70],{"class":56},[42,134182,134183],{"class":114}," bananas",[42,134185,70],{"class":56},[42,134187,134188],{"class":114}," oranges\n",[1073,134190,134192],{"id":134191},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[33,134194,134196],{"className":35,"code":134195,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134197,134198,134255,134273,134277],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134199,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134201,36450],{"class":114},[42,134203,88],{"class":87},[42,134205,3957],{"class":56},[42,134207,61],{"class":60},[42,134209,134210],{"class":64},"P",[42,134212,61],{"class":60},[42,134214,70],{"class":56},[42,134216,73],{"class":60},[42,134218,12100],{"class":64},[42,134220,61],{"class":60},[42,134222,70],{"class":56},[42,134224,73],{"class":60},[42,134226,63651],{"class":64},[42,134228,61],{"class":60},[42,134230,70],{"class":56},[42,134232,73],{"class":60},[42,134234,60804],{"class":64},[42,134236,61],{"class":60},[42,134238,70],{"class":56},[42,134240,73],{"class":60},[42,134242,60839],{"class":64},[42,134244,61],{"class":60},[42,134246,70],{"class":56},[42,134248,73],{"class":60},[42,134250,76392],{"class":64},[42,134252,61],{"class":60},[42,134254,3970],{"class":56},[42,134256,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134258,2555],{"class":114},[42,134260,88],{"class":87},[42,134262,6472],{"class":60},[42,134264,122],{"class":56},[42,134266,133611],{"class":125},[42,134268,57],{"class":56},[42,134270,36503],{"class":125},[42,134272,143],{"class":56},[42,134274,134275],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,134276,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,134278,134279,134281,134283,134285],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,134280,284],{"class":52},[42,134282,57],{"class":56},[42,134284,2592],{"class":125},[42,134286,143],{"class":56},[14,134288,2395],{},[33,134290,134292],{"className":35,"code":134291,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Python\n",[17,134293,134294],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134295,134296],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134297,134291],{"class":114},[1073,134299,134301,134302,134304],{"id":134300},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[17,134303,133534],{}," returns the result",[33,134306,134308],{"className":35,"code":134307,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[17,134309,134310,134343,134366,134370],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134311,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134339,134341],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134313,4409],{"class":114},[42,134315,88],{"class":87},[42,134317,3957],{"class":56},[42,134319,61],{"class":60},[42,134321,6932],{"class":64},[42,134323,61],{"class":60},[42,134325,70],{"class":56},[42,134327,73],{"class":60},[42,134329,79633],{"class":64},[42,134331,61],{"class":60},[42,134333,70],{"class":56},[42,134335,73],{"class":60},[42,134337,134338],{"class":64},"three",[42,134340,61],{"class":60},[42,134342,3970],{"class":56},[42,134344,134345,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134346,134347],{"class":114},"joined_text ",[42,134349,88],{"class":87},[42,134351,73],{"class":60},[42,134353,2345],{"class":64},[42,134355,61],{"class":60},[42,134357,122],{"class":56},[42,134359,133611],{"class":125},[42,134361,57],{"class":56},[42,134363,4453],{"class":125},[42,134365,143],{"class":56},[42,134367,134368],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,134369,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,134371,134372,134374,134376,134379],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,134373,284],{"class":52},[42,134375,57],{"class":56},[42,134377,134378],{"class":125},"joined_text",[42,134380,143],{"class":56},[14,134382,2395],{},[33,134384,134386],{"className":35,"code":134385,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"one-two-three\n",[17,134387,134388],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134389,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134391,6932],{"class":114},[42,134393,2345],{"class":87},[42,134395,79633],{"class":114},[42,134397,2345],{"class":87},[42,134399,134400],{"class":114},"three\n",[28,134402,134404],{"id":134403},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,134406,134407],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1073,134409,134411,134414],{"id":134410},"join-adds-spaces",[17,134412,134413],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[33,134416,134418],{"className":35,"code":134417,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[17,134419,134420,134444],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134421,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134423,4409],{"class":114},[42,134425,88],{"class":87},[42,134427,3957],{"class":56},[42,134429,61],{"class":60},[42,134431,4183],{"class":64},[42,134433,61],{"class":60},[42,134435,70],{"class":56},[42,134437,73],{"class":60},[42,134439,60955],{"class":64},[42,134441,61],{"class":60},[42,134443,3970],{"class":56},[42,134445,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134447,284],{"class":52},[42,134449,57],{"class":56},[42,134451,61],{"class":60},[42,134453,73],{"class":60},[42,134455,122],{"class":56},[42,134457,133611],{"class":125},[42,134459,57],{"class":56},[42,134461,4453],{"class":125},[42,134463,842],{"class":56},[14,134465,2395],{},[33,134467,134469],{"className":35,"code":134468,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"hello world\n",[17,134470,134471],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134472,134473],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134474,134468],{"class":114},[1073,134476,134478,134481],{"id":134477},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[17,134479,134480],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[33,134483,134485],{"className":35,"code":134484,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[17,134486,134487,134519],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134488,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134490,13433],{"class":114},[42,134492,88],{"class":87},[42,134494,3957],{"class":56},[42,134496,61],{"class":60},[42,134498,13450],{"class":64},[42,134500,61],{"class":60},[42,134502,70],{"class":56},[42,134504,73],{"class":60},[42,134506,13467],{"class":64},[42,134508,61],{"class":60},[42,134510,70],{"class":56},[42,134512,73],{"class":60},[42,134514,17814],{"class":64},[42,134516,61],{"class":60},[42,134518,3970],{"class":56},[42,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134522,284],{"class":52},[42,134524,57],{"class":56},[42,134526,61],{"class":60},[42,134528,2514],{"class":64},[42,134530,61],{"class":60},[42,134532,122],{"class":56},[42,134534,133611],{"class":125},[42,134536,57],{"class":56},[42,134538,17861],{"class":125},[42,134540,842],{"class":56},[14,134542,2395],{},[33,134544,134546],{"className":35,"code":134545,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"red, blue, green\n",[17,134547,134548],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134549,134550,134552,134554,134557,134559],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134551,13450],{"class":114},[42,134553,70],{"class":56},[42,134555,134556],{"class":114}," blue",[42,134558,70],{"class":56},[42,134560,36233],{"class":114},[14,134562,134563],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1073,134565,134567,134570],{"id":134566},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[17,134568,134569],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[33,134572,134574],{"className":35,"code":134573,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[17,134575,134576,134608],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134577,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134579,43198],{"class":114},[42,134581,88],{"class":87},[42,134583,3957],{"class":56},[42,134585,61],{"class":60},[42,134587,37],{"class":64},[42,134589,61],{"class":60},[42,134591,70],{"class":56},[42,134593,73],{"class":60},[42,134595,61538],{"class":64},[42,134597,61],{"class":60},[42,134599,70],{"class":56},[42,134601,73],{"class":60},[42,134603,133611],{"class":64},[42,134605,61],{"class":60},[42,134607,3970],{"class":56},[42,134609,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134611,284],{"class":52},[42,134613,57],{"class":56},[42,134615,61],{"class":60},[42,134617,2345],{"class":64},[42,134619,61],{"class":60},[42,134621,122],{"class":56},[42,134623,133611],{"class":125},[42,134625,57],{"class":56},[42,134627,43230],{"class":125},[42,134629,842],{"class":56},[14,134631,2395],{},[33,134633,134635],{"className":35,"code":134634,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"python-string-join\n",[17,134636,134637],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134638,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134640,37],{"class":114},[42,134642,2345],{"class":87},[42,134644,61538],{"class":114},[42,134646,2345],{"class":87},[42,134648,134649],{"class":114},"join\n",[1073,134651,134653,134656],{"id":134652},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[17,134654,134655],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[33,134658,134660],{"className":35,"code":134659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[17,134661,134662,134695],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134663,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134691,134693],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134665,113031],{"class":114},[42,134667,88],{"class":87},[42,134669,3957],{"class":56},[42,134671,61],{"class":60},[42,134673,22602],{"class":64},[42,134675,61],{"class":60},[42,134677,70],{"class":56},[42,134679,73],{"class":60},[42,134681,30959],{"class":64},[42,134683,61],{"class":60},[42,134685,70],{"class":56},[42,134687,73],{"class":60},[42,134689,134690],{"class":64},"C",[42,134692,61],{"class":60},[42,134694,3970],{"class":56},[42,134696,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134712],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134698,284],{"class":52},[42,134700,57],{"class":56},[42,134702,6618],{"class":60},[42,134704,122],{"class":56},[42,134706,133611],{"class":125},[42,134708,57],{"class":56},[42,134710,134711],{"class":125},"chars",[42,134713,842],{"class":56},[14,134715,2395],{},[33,134717,134719],{"className":35,"code":134718,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ABC\n",[17,134720,134721],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134722,134723],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134724,134718],{"class":657},[28,134726,134728],{"id":134727},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134730,134731,134733],{},[17,134732,133534],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1073,134735,134737],{"id":134736},"this-works","This works",[33,134739,134741],{"className":35,"code":134740,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134742,134743,134775],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134744,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134746,4160],{"class":114},[42,134748,88],{"class":87},[42,134750,3957],{"class":56},[42,134752,61],{"class":60},[42,134754,2659],{"class":64},[42,134756,61],{"class":60},[42,134758,70],{"class":56},[42,134760,73],{"class":60},[42,134762,16112],{"class":64},[42,134764,61],{"class":60},[42,134766,70],{"class":56},[42,134768,73],{"class":60},[42,134770,37202],{"class":64},[42,134772,61],{"class":60},[42,134774,3970],{"class":56},[42,134776,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134778,284],{"class":52},[42,134780,57],{"class":56},[42,134782,61],{"class":60},[42,134784,2514],{"class":64},[42,134786,61],{"class":60},[42,134788,122],{"class":56},[42,134790,133611],{"class":125},[42,134792,57],{"class":56},[42,134794,5702],{"class":125},[42,134796,842],{"class":56},[14,134798,2395],{},[33,134800,134802],{"className":35,"code":134801,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"10, 20, 30\n",[17,134803,134804],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134805,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134807,2659],{"class":2348},[42,134809,70],{"class":56},[42,134811,8139],{"class":2348},[42,134813,70],{"class":56},[42,134815,134816],{"class":2348}," 30\n",[1073,134818,134820],{"id":134819},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[33,134822,134824],{"className":35,"code":134823,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134825,134826,134846],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134827,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134829,4160],{"class":114},[42,134831,88],{"class":87},[42,134833,3957],{"class":56},[42,134835,3320],{"class":2348},[42,134837,70],{"class":56},[42,134839,3325],{"class":2348},[42,134841,70],{"class":56},[42,134843,2781],{"class":2348},[42,134845,3970],{"class":56},[42,134847,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134849,284],{"class":52},[42,134851,57],{"class":56},[42,134853,61],{"class":60},[42,134855,2514],{"class":64},[42,134857,61],{"class":60},[42,134859,122],{"class":56},[42,134861,133611],{"class":125},[42,134863,57],{"class":56},[42,134865,5702],{"class":125},[42,134867,842],{"class":56},[14,134869,90408,134870,134872],{},[17,134871,3338],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134874,134875],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[33,134877,134879],{"className":35,"code":134878,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,134880,134881,134901,134931,134935],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134882,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134884,4160],{"class":114},[42,134886,88],{"class":87},[42,134888,3957],{"class":56},[42,134890,3320],{"class":2348},[42,134892,70],{"class":56},[42,134894,3325],{"class":2348},[42,134896,70],{"class":56},[42,134898,2781],{"class":2348},[42,134900,3970],{"class":56},[42,134902,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,134904,2555],{"class":114},[42,134906,88],{"class":87},[42,134908,73],{"class":60},[42,134910,2514],{"class":64},[42,134912,61],{"class":60},[42,134914,122],{"class":56},[42,134916,133611],{"class":125},[42,134918,57],{"class":56},[42,134920,40222],{"class":52},[42,134922,57],{"class":56},[42,134924,3775],{"class":834},[42,134926,70],{"class":56},[42,134928,4223],{"class":125},[42,134930,842],{"class":56},[42,134932,134933],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,134934,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,134936,134937,134939,134941,134943],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,134938,284],{"class":52},[42,134940,57],{"class":56},[42,134942,2592],{"class":125},[42,134944,143],{"class":56},[14,134946,2395],{},[33,134948,134950],{"className":35,"code":134949,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"1, 2, 3\n",[17,134951,134952],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134953,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134955,3320],{"class":2348},[42,134957,70],{"class":56},[42,134959,3325],{"class":2348},[42,134961,70],{"class":56},[42,134963,2909],{"class":2348},[14,134965,134966,134967,122],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[693,134968,3908,134969,3841],{"href":42538},[17,134970,48045],{},[1073,134972,134974,134976],{"id":134973},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[17,134975,4115],{}," values do not work directly",[33,134978,134980],{"className":35,"code":134979,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[17,134981,134982,135010],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,134983,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,134985,4160],{"class":114},[42,134987,88],{"class":87},[42,134989,3957],{"class":56},[42,134991,61],{"class":60},[42,134993,4418],{"class":64},[42,134995,61],{"class":60},[42,134997,70],{"class":56},[42,134999,4191],{"class":4190},[42,135001,70],{"class":56},[42,135003,73],{"class":60},[42,135005,4427],{"class":64},[42,135007,61],{"class":60},[42,135009,3970],{"class":56},[42,135011,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135013,284],{"class":52},[42,135015,57],{"class":56},[42,135017,61],{"class":60},[42,135019,2514],{"class":64},[42,135021,61],{"class":60},[42,135023,122],{"class":56},[42,135025,133611],{"class":125},[42,135027,57],{"class":56},[42,135029,5702],{"class":125},[42,135031,842],{"class":56},[14,135033,135034,135035,122],{},"This also causes a ",[17,135036,3338],{},[14,135038,135039],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[33,135041,135043],{"className":35,"code":135042,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135044,135045,135073,135103,135107],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135046,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067,135069,135071],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135048,4160],{"class":114},[42,135050,88],{"class":87},[42,135052,3957],{"class":56},[42,135054,61],{"class":60},[42,135056,4418],{"class":64},[42,135058,61],{"class":60},[42,135060,70],{"class":56},[42,135062,4191],{"class":4190},[42,135064,70],{"class":56},[42,135066,73],{"class":60},[42,135068,4427],{"class":64},[42,135070,61],{"class":60},[42,135072,3970],{"class":56},[42,135074,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135076,2555],{"class":114},[42,135078,88],{"class":87},[42,135080,73],{"class":60},[42,135082,2514],{"class":64},[42,135084,61],{"class":60},[42,135086,122],{"class":56},[42,135088,133611],{"class":125},[42,135090,57],{"class":56},[42,135092,40222],{"class":52},[42,135094,57],{"class":56},[42,135096,3775],{"class":834},[42,135098,70],{"class":56},[42,135100,4223],{"class":125},[42,135102,842],{"class":56},[42,135104,135105],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,135106,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,135108,135109,135111,135113,135115],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,135110,284],{"class":52},[42,135112,57],{"class":56},[42,135114,2592],{"class":125},[42,135116,143],{"class":56},[14,135118,2395],{},[33,135120,135122],{"className":35,"code":135121,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"apple, None, banana\n",[17,135123,135124],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135125,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135127,4418],{"class":114},[42,135129,70],{"class":56},[42,135131,4191],{"class":4190},[42,135133,70],{"class":56},[42,135135,135136],{"class":114}," banana\n",[14,135138,135139,135140,135142],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[17,135141,4115],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1073,135144,135146,135148],{"id":135145},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[17,135147,133534],{}," also works with tuples",[33,135150,135152],{"className":35,"code":135151,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[17,135153,135154,135186],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135155,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135157,5337],{"class":114},[42,135159,88],{"class":87},[42,135161,9586],{"class":56},[42,135163,61],{"class":60},[42,135165,8025],{"class":64},[42,135167,61],{"class":60},[42,135169,70],{"class":56},[42,135171,73],{"class":60},[42,135173,131540],{"class":64},[42,135175,61],{"class":60},[42,135177,70],{"class":56},[42,135179,73],{"class":60},[42,135181,8271],{"class":64},[42,135183,61],{"class":60},[42,135185,143],{"class":56},[42,135187,135188,135190,135192,135194,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135189,284],{"class":52},[42,135191,57],{"class":56},[42,135193,61],{"class":60},[42,135195,135196],{"class":64}," \u002F ",[42,135198,61],{"class":60},[42,135200,122],{"class":56},[42,135202,133611],{"class":125},[42,135204,57],{"class":56},[42,135206,5381],{"class":125},[42,135208,842],{"class":56},[14,135210,2395],{},[33,135212,135214],{"className":35,"code":135213,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[17,135215,135216],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135217,135218,135221,135223,135226,135228],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135219,135220],{"class":114},"Sam ",[42,135222,127344],{"class":87},[42,135224,135225],{"class":114}," Lee ",[42,135227,127344],{"class":87},[42,135229,22691],{"class":114},[28,135231,135233,135234],{"id":135232},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[17,135235,133534],{},[14,135237,135238],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1073,135240,135242,135243,135245],{"id":135241},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[17,135244,3338],{}," because not all items are strings",[33,135247,135249],{"className":35,"code":135248,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[17,135250,135251,135279],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135252,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135254,8128],{"class":114},[42,135256,88],{"class":87},[42,135258,3957],{"class":56},[42,135260,61],{"class":60},[42,135262,693],{"class":64},[42,135264,61],{"class":60},[42,135266,70],{"class":56},[42,135268,3325],{"class":2348},[42,135270,70],{"class":56},[42,135272,73],{"class":60},[42,135274,10090],{"class":64},[42,135276,61],{"class":60},[42,135278,3970],{"class":56},[42,135280,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135282,284],{"class":52},[42,135284,57],{"class":56},[42,135286,61],{"class":60},[42,135288,73],{"class":60},[42,135290,122],{"class":56},[42,135292,133611],{"class":125},[42,135294,57],{"class":56},[42,135296,8159],{"class":125},[42,135298,842],{"class":56},[14,135300,48872,135301,135303],{},[17,135302,2381],{}," is an integer.",[14,135305,39624],{},[33,135307,135309],{"className":35,"code":135308,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[17,135310,135311,135339],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135312,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135314,8128],{"class":114},[42,135316,88],{"class":87},[42,135318,3957],{"class":56},[42,135320,61],{"class":60},[42,135322,693],{"class":64},[42,135324,61],{"class":60},[42,135326,70],{"class":56},[42,135328,3325],{"class":2348},[42,135330,70],{"class":56},[42,135332,73],{"class":60},[42,135334,10090],{"class":64},[42,135336,61],{"class":60},[42,135338,3970],{"class":56},[42,135340,135341,135343,135345,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135342,284],{"class":52},[42,135344,57],{"class":56},[42,135346,61],{"class":60},[42,135348,73],{"class":60},[42,135350,122],{"class":56},[42,135352,133611],{"class":125},[42,135354,57],{"class":56},[42,135356,40222],{"class":52},[42,135358,57],{"class":56},[42,135360,3775],{"class":834},[42,135362,70],{"class":56},[42,135364,6311],{"class":125},[42,135366,3243],{"class":56},[14,135368,135369,135370,122],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[693,135371,26037,135373],{"href":135372},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[17,135374,135375],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1073,135377,135379,135380,135382],{"id":135378},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[17,135381,133534],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,135384,4866],{},[33,135386,135388],{"className":35,"code":135387,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[17,135389,135390,135422],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135391,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135393,4409],{"class":114},[42,135395,88],{"class":87},[42,135397,3957],{"class":56},[42,135399,61],{"class":60},[42,135401,7644],{"class":64},[42,135403,61],{"class":60},[42,135405,70],{"class":56},[42,135407,73],{"class":60},[42,135409,12549],{"class":64},[42,135411,61],{"class":60},[42,135413,70],{"class":56},[42,135415,73],{"class":60},[42,135417,133592],{"class":64},[42,135419,61],{"class":60},[42,135421,3970],{"class":56},[42,135423,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135425,2555],{"class":114},[42,135427,88],{"class":87},[42,135429,6514],{"class":114},[42,135431,122],{"class":56},[42,135433,133611],{"class":125},[42,135435,57],{"class":56},[42,135437,61],{"class":60},[42,135439,73],{"class":60},[42,135441,143],{"class":56},[14,135443,135444,135446],{},[17,135445,133534],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,135448,11160],{},[33,135450,135452],{"className":35,"code":135451,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135453,135454,135486,135506,135510],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135455,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135457,4409],{"class":114},[42,135459,88],{"class":87},[42,135461,3957],{"class":56},[42,135463,61],{"class":60},[42,135465,7644],{"class":64},[42,135467,61],{"class":60},[42,135469,70],{"class":56},[42,135471,73],{"class":60},[42,135473,12549],{"class":64},[42,135475,61],{"class":60},[42,135477,70],{"class":56},[42,135479,73],{"class":60},[42,135481,133592],{"class":64},[42,135483,61],{"class":60},[42,135485,3970],{"class":56},[42,135487,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135489,2555],{"class":114},[42,135491,88],{"class":87},[42,135493,73],{"class":60},[42,135495,73],{"class":60},[42,135497,122],{"class":56},[42,135499,133611],{"class":125},[42,135501,57],{"class":56},[42,135503,4453],{"class":125},[42,135505,143],{"class":56},[42,135507,135508],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,135509,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,135511,135512,135514,135516,135518],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,135513,284],{"class":52},[42,135515,57],{"class":56},[42,135517,2592],{"class":125},[42,135519,143],{"class":56},[1073,135521,135523],{"id":135522},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[33,135525,135527],{"className":35,"code":135526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[17,135528,135529,135561],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135530,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135532,4409],{"class":114},[42,135534,88],{"class":87},[42,135536,3957],{"class":56},[42,135538,61],{"class":60},[42,135540,6932],{"class":64},[42,135542,61],{"class":60},[42,135544,70],{"class":56},[42,135546,73],{"class":60},[42,135548,79633],{"class":64},[42,135550,61],{"class":60},[42,135552,70],{"class":56},[42,135554,73],{"class":60},[42,135556,134338],{"class":64},[42,135558,61],{"class":60},[42,135560,3970],{"class":56},[42,135562,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135564,284],{"class":52},[42,135566,57],{"class":56},[42,135568,6618],{"class":60},[42,135570,122],{"class":56},[42,135572,133611],{"class":125},[42,135574,57],{"class":56},[42,135576,4453],{"class":125},[42,135578,842],{"class":56},[14,135580,2395],{},[33,135582,135584],{"className":35,"code":135583,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"onetwothree\n",[17,135585,135586],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135587,135588],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135589,135583],{"class":114},[14,135591,135592,135593,6978],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[17,135594,133679],{},[1073,135596,135598,135599,131802],{"id":135597},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[17,135600,133534],{},[33,135602,135604],{"className":35,"code":135603,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[17,135605,135606,135638,135656,135660],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135607,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135609,4409],{"class":114},[42,135611,88],{"class":87},[42,135613,3957],{"class":56},[42,135615,61],{"class":60},[42,135617,693],{"class":64},[42,135619,61],{"class":60},[42,135621,70],{"class":56},[42,135623,73],{"class":60},[42,135625,5102],{"class":64},[42,135627,61],{"class":60},[42,135629,70],{"class":56},[42,135631,73],{"class":60},[42,135633,10090],{"class":64},[42,135635,61],{"class":60},[42,135637,3970],{"class":56},[42,135639,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135641,61],{"class":43690},[42,135643,2345],{"class":43694},[42,135645,61],{"class":43690},[42,135647,122],{"class":56},[42,135649,133611],{"class":125},[42,135651,57],{"class":56},[42,135653,4453],{"class":125},[42,135655,143],{"class":56},[42,135657,135658],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,135659,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,135661,135662,135664,135666,135668],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,135663,284],{"class":52},[42,135665,57],{"class":56},[42,135667,4453],{"class":125},[42,135669,143],{"class":56},[14,135671,2395],{},[33,135673,135674],{"className":35,"code":43237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,135675,135676],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135677,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135679,4238],{"class":56},[42,135681,868],{"class":60},[42,135683,693],{"class":64},[42,135685,868],{"class":60},[42,135687,70],{"class":56},[42,135689,862],{"class":60},[42,135691,5102],{"class":64},[42,135693,868],{"class":60},[42,135695,70],{"class":56},[42,135697,862],{"class":60},[42,135699,10090],{"class":64},[42,135701,868],{"class":60},[42,135703,3970],{"class":56},[14,135705,135706,135707,135709],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[17,135708,133534],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[28,135711,135713,135715,135716],{"id":135712},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[17,135714,133534],{}," vs concatenation with ",[17,135717,2384],{},[14,135719,10942,135720,1753,135722,135724],{},[17,135721,133534],{},[17,135723,2384],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1073,135726,146,135728,135730],{"id":135727},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[17,135729,2384],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[33,135732,135734],{"className":35,"code":135733,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135735,135736,135749,135762,135782,135786],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135737,135738,135741,135743,135745,135747],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135739,135740],{"class":114},"first ",[42,135742,88],{"class":87},[42,135744,73],{"class":60},[42,135746,654],{"class":64},[42,135748,3689],{"class":60},[42,135750,135751,135754,135756,135758,135760],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135752,135753],{"class":114},"second ",[42,135755,88],{"class":87},[42,135757,73],{"class":60},[42,135759,89837],{"class":64},[42,135761,3689],{"class":60},[42,135763,135764,135766,135768,135771,135773,135775,135777,135779],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,135765,2555],{"class":114},[42,135767,88],{"class":87},[42,135769,135770],{"class":114}," first ",[42,135772,2384],{"class":87},[42,135774,73],{"class":60},[42,135776,73],{"class":60},[42,135778,2784],{"class":87},[42,135780,135781],{"class":114}," second\n",[42,135783,135784],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,135785,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,135787,135788,135790,135792,135794],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,135789,284],{"class":52},[42,135791,57],{"class":56},[42,135793,2592],{"class":125},[42,135795,143],{"class":56},[14,135797,2395],{},[33,135799,135801],{"className":35,"code":135800,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Hello World\n",[17,135802,135803],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135804,135805],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135806,135800],{"class":114},[1073,135808,146,135810,135812],{"id":135809},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[17,135811,133534],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[33,135814,135816],{"className":35,"code":135815,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,135817,135818,135860,135880,135884],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135819,135820,135822,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135839,135841,135843,135845,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135821,4409],{"class":114},[42,135823,88],{"class":87},[42,135825,3957],{"class":56},[42,135827,61],{"class":60},[42,135829,7644],{"class":64},[42,135831,61],{"class":60},[42,135833,70],{"class":56},[42,135835,73],{"class":60},[42,135837,135838],{"class":64},"makes",[42,135840,61],{"class":60},[42,135842,70],{"class":56},[42,135844,73],{"class":60},[42,135846,135847],{"class":64},"this",[42,135849,61],{"class":60},[42,135851,70],{"class":56},[42,135853,73],{"class":60},[42,135855,134033],{"class":64},[42,135857,61],{"class":60},[42,135859,3970],{"class":56},[42,135861,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135863,2555],{"class":114},[42,135865,88],{"class":87},[42,135867,73],{"class":60},[42,135869,73],{"class":60},[42,135871,122],{"class":56},[42,135873,133611],{"class":125},[42,135875,57],{"class":56},[42,135877,4453],{"class":125},[42,135879,143],{"class":56},[42,135881,135882],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,135883,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,135885,135886,135888,135890,135892],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,135887,284],{"class":52},[42,135889,57],{"class":56},[42,135891,2592],{"class":125},[42,135893,143],{"class":56},[14,135895,2395],{},[33,135897,135899],{"className":35,"code":135898,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Python makes this easy\n",[17,135900,135901],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135902,135903],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135904,135898],{"class":114},[14,135906,135907,135909],{},[17,135908,133534],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[167,135911,135912,135915,135918],{},[170,135913,135914],{},"You already have a list of strings",[170,135916,135917],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[170,135919,135920,135921,135923],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[17,135922,2384],{}," operators",[14,135925,135926,135927,122],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[693,135928,135930],{"href":135929},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[28,135932,135934],{"id":135933},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135936,9225,135937,135939],{},[17,135938,133534],{}," is not working, check these first:",[167,135941,135942,135945,135950,135959,135965],{},[170,135943,135944],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[170,135946,135947,135948],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[17,135949,4115],{},[170,135951,135952,135953,11445,135956],{},"You may have written ",[17,135954,135955],{},"list.join(...)",[17,135957,135958],{},"string.join(...)",[170,135960,135961,135962,135964],{},"You may be expecting ",[17,135963,133534],{}," to change the original iterable",[170,135966,135967],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135969,94477],{},[33,135971,135973],{"className":35,"code":135972,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[17,135974,135975,135989,135999,136023,136063],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,135976,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,135978,284],{"class":52},[42,135980,57],{"class":56},[42,135982,835],{"class":834},[42,135984,57],{"class":56},[42,135986,8159],{"class":125},[42,135988,842],{"class":56},[42,135990,135991,135993,135995,135997],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,135992,284],{"class":52},[42,135994,57],{"class":56},[42,135996,8159],{"class":125},[42,135998,143],{"class":56},[42,136000,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136002,284],{"class":52},[42,136004,3317],{"class":56},[42,136006,835],{"class":834},[42,136008,57],{"class":56},[42,136010,23668],{"class":125},[42,136012,98],{"class":56},[42,136014,4215],{"class":48},[42,136016,6306],{"class":125},[42,136018,1299],{"class":48},[42,136020,6311],{"class":125},[42,136022,4226],{"class":56},[42,136024,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,136026,284],{"class":52},[42,136028,57],{"class":56},[42,136030,868],{"class":60},[42,136032,862],{"class":60},[42,136034,122],{"class":56},[42,136036,133611],{"class":125},[42,136038,3317],{"class":56},[42,136040,868],{"class":60},[42,136042,693],{"class":64},[42,136044,868],{"class":60},[42,136046,70],{"class":56},[42,136048,862],{"class":60},[42,136050,5102],{"class":64},[42,136052,868],{"class":60},[42,136054,70],{"class":56},[42,136056,862],{"class":60},[42,136058,10090],{"class":64},[42,136060,868],{"class":60},[42,136062,3332],{"class":56},[42,136064,136065,136067,136069,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081,136083,136085,136087,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097,136099,136101],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,136066,284],{"class":52},[42,136068,57],{"class":56},[42,136070,868],{"class":60},[42,136072,2514],{"class":64},[42,136074,868],{"class":60},[42,136076,122],{"class":56},[42,136078,133611],{"class":125},[42,136080,57],{"class":56},[42,136082,40222],{"class":52},[42,136084,57],{"class":56},[42,136086,3775],{"class":834},[42,136088,70],{"class":56},[42,136090,3957],{"class":56},[42,136092,3320],{"class":2348},[42,136094,70],{"class":56},[42,136096,3325],{"class":2348},[42,136098,70],{"class":56},[42,136100,2781],{"class":2348},[42,136102,37626],{"class":56},[14,136104,136105],{},"What these checks do:",[167,136107,136108,136116,136122,136128,136137],{},[170,136109,136110,136113,136114,8446],{},[17,136111,136112],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[17,136115,8159],{},[170,136117,136118,136121],{},[17,136119,136120],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[170,136123,136124,136127],{},[17,136125,136126],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[170,136129,136130,136133,136134,136136],{},[17,136131,136132],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[17,136135,133534],{}," behavior",[170,136138,136139,136142],{},[17,136140,136141],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[28,136144,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,136146,13060,136148,136150],{"id":136147},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[17,136149,133534],{}," work with numbers?",[14,136152,136153,136154,136156,136157,122],{},"Not directly. ",[17,136155,133534],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[17,136158,136159],{},"map(str, values)",[1073,136161,13060,136163,57528],{"id":136162},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[17,136164,133534],{},[14,136166,136167],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1073,136169,28687,136171,62999],{"id":136170},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[17,136172,133534],{},[14,136174,42515,136175,136177],{},[17,136176,133534],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1073,136179,5485,136181,40323],{"id":136180},"what-does-joinwords-do",[17,136182,136183],{},"''.join(words)",[14,136185,136186],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1073,136188,136190,136191,136193,136194,2823],{"id":136189},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[17,136192,3338],{}," when using ",[17,136195,133534],{},[14,136197,136198],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[28,136200,2205],{"id":2204},[167,136202,136203,136208,136214,136220,136226],{},[170,136204,136205],{},[693,136206,136207],{"href":135929},"How to join strings in Python",[170,136209,136210],{},[693,136211,126452,136212,11093],{"href":129139},[17,136213,60895],{},[170,136215,136216],{},[693,136217,3908,136218,3841],{"href":42538},[17,136219,48045],{},[170,136221,136222],{},[693,136223,30706,136224],{"href":135372},[17,136225,135375],{},[170,136227,136228],{},[693,136229,125207],{"href":51338},[14,136231,97447,136232,136234],{},[17,136233,133534],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2245,136236,136237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":136239},[136240,136241,136243,136246,136253,136263,136271,136281,136288,136289,136301],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":133651,"depth":111,"text":136242},"What join() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":136244},[136245],{"id":49371,"depth":132,"text":49372},{"id":121982,"depth":111,"text":121983,"children":136247},[136248,136249,136250,136251],{"id":133998,"depth":132,"text":133999},{"id":134090,"depth":132,"text":134091},{"id":134191,"depth":132,"text":134192},{"id":134300,"depth":132,"text":136252},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134403,"depth":111,"text":134404,"children":136254},[136255,136257,136259,136261],{"id":134410,"depth":132,"text":136256},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134477,"depth":132,"text":136258},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134566,"depth":132,"text":136260},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134652,"depth":132,"text":136262},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134727,"depth":111,"text":134728,"children":136264},[136265,136266,136267,136269],{"id":134736,"depth":132,"text":134737},{"id":134819,"depth":132,"text":134820},{"id":134973,"depth":132,"text":136268},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135145,"depth":132,"text":136270},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135232,"depth":111,"text":136272,"children":136273},"Common errors with join()",[136274,136276,136278,136279],{"id":135241,"depth":132,"text":136275},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135378,"depth":132,"text":136277},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135522,"depth":132,"text":135523},{"id":135597,"depth":132,"text":136280},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135712,"depth":111,"text":136282,"children":136283},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136284,136286],{"id":135727,"depth":132,"text":136285},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135809,"depth":132,"text":136287},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135933,"depth":111,"text":135934},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":136290},[136291,136293,136295,136297,136299],{"id":136147,"depth":132,"text":136292},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136162,"depth":132,"text":136294},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136170,"depth":132,"text":136296},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136180,"depth":132,"text":136298},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136189,"depth":132,"text":136300},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133526,"description":136302},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136309,"title":136310,"body":136311,"description":137879,"extension":2285,"meta":137880,"navigation":2287,"path":137881,"seo":137882,"stem":137883,"__hash__":137884},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136312,"toc":137846},[136313,136318,136323,136325,136339,136384,136391,136396,136401,136403,136419,136428,136430,136432,136447,136449,136459,136461,136523,136525,136528,136589,136591,136607,136609,136622,136625,136672,136674,136680,136683,136686,136746,136754,136840,136844,136849,136851,136865,136868,136953,136956,137014,137025,137080,137082,137089,137095,137101,137145,137148,137195,137197,137199,137206,137208,137239,137242,137244,137275,137279,137282,137284,137324,137326,137369,137375,137380,137382,137409,137414,137417,137466,137470,137473,137548,137559,137562,137619,137626,137632,137640,137645,137652,137659,137677,137679,137733,137741,137743,137748,137751,137757,137763,137768,137771,137777,137783,137790,137798,137800,137843],[10,136314,123452,136316,11676],{"id":136315},"python-string-lower-method",[17,136317,124182],{},[14,136319,123457,136320,136322],{},[17,136321,124182],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,136324,24445],{},[167,136326,136327,136330,136333,136336],{},[170,136328,136329],{},"convert text to lowercase",[170,136331,136332],{},"compare text without case differences",[170,136334,136335],{},"clean up user input",[170,136337,136338],{},"make simple text matching easier",[33,136340,136342],{"className":35,"code":136341,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[17,136343,136344,136357,136371],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136345,136346,136348,136350,136352,136355],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136347,35048],{"class":114},[42,136349,88],{"class":87},[42,136351,73],{"class":60},[42,136353,136354],{"class":64},"Hello WORLD",[42,136356,3689],{"class":60},[42,136358,136359,136361,136363,136365,136367,136369],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136360,2555],{"class":114},[42,136362,88],{"class":87},[42,136364,43203],{"class":114},[42,136366,122],{"class":56},[42,136368,8990],{"class":125},[42,136370,129],{"class":56},[42,136372,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136374,284],{"class":52},[42,136376,57],{"class":56},[42,136378,2592],{"class":125},[42,136380,98],{"class":56},[42,136382,136383],{"class":525},"  # hello world\n",[14,136385,136386,89060,136388,136390],{},[177,136387,84182],{},[17,136389,124182],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[28,136392,4013,136394,4016],{"id":136393},"what-lower-does",[17,136395,124182],{},[14,136397,136398,136400],{},[17,136399,124182],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,136402,13409],{},[167,136404,136405,136410,136413,136416],{},[170,136406,136407,136409],{},[17,136408,124182],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[170,136411,136412],{},"It works on string objects",[170,136414,136415],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[170,136417,136418],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,136420,125204,136421,136425,136426,122],{},[693,136422,136424],{"href":136423},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[693,136427,51339],{"href":51338},[28,136429,312],{"id":311},[14,136431,2484],{},[33,136433,136435],{"className":35,"code":136434,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.lower()\n",[17,136436,136437],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136438,136439,136441,136443,136445],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136440,61538],{"class":114},[42,136442,122],{"class":56},[42,136444,8990],{"class":125},[42,136446,129],{"class":56},[14,136448,44012],{},[167,136450,136451,136453,136456],{},[170,136452,97625],{},[170,136454,136455],{},"You call it directly on a string",[170,136457,136458],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,136460,219],{},[33,136462,136464],{"className":35,"code":136463,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[17,136465,136466,136489,136493,136506],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136467,136468,136470,136472,136474,136477,136479,136481,136483,136486],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136469,284],{"class":52},[42,136471,57],{"class":56},[42,136473,61],{"class":60},[42,136475,136476],{"class":64},"HELLO",[42,136478,61],{"class":60},[42,136480,122],{"class":56},[42,136482,8990],{"class":125},[42,136484,136485],{"class":56},"())",[42,136487,136488],{"class":525},"  # hello\n",[42,136490,136491],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136492,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136494,136495,136497,136499,136501,136504],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136496,8226],{"class":114},[42,136498,88],{"class":87},[42,136500,73],{"class":60},[42,136502,136503],{"class":64},"PyThOn",[42,136505,3689],{"class":60},[42,136507,136508,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,136509,284],{"class":52},[42,136511,57],{"class":56},[42,136513,8016],{"class":125},[42,136515,122],{"class":56},[42,136517,8990],{"class":125},[42,136519,136485],{"class":56},[42,136521,136522],{"class":525},"  # python\n",[28,136524,11829],{"id":11828},[14,136526,136527],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[33,136529,136531],{"className":35,"code":136530,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[17,136532,136533,136545,136549,136564,136568,136579],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136534,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136536,35048],{"class":114},[42,136538,88],{"class":87},[42,136540,73],{"class":60},[42,136542,136354],{"class":64},[42,136544,3689],{"class":60},[42,136546,136547],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136548,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136550,136551,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136552,136553],{"class":114},"lower_text ",[42,136555,88],{"class":87},[42,136557,43203],{"class":114},[42,136559,122],{"class":56},[42,136561,8990],{"class":125},[42,136563,129],{"class":56},[42,136565,136566],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,136567,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136569,136570,136572,136574,136577],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,136571,284],{"class":52},[42,136573,57],{"class":56},[42,136575,136576],{"class":125},"lower_text",[42,136578,143],{"class":56},[42,136580,136581,136583,136585,136587],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,136582,284],{"class":52},[42,136584,57],{"class":56},[42,136586,444],{"class":125},[42,136588,143],{"class":56},[14,136590,2395],{},[33,136592,136594],{"className":35,"code":136593,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[17,136595,136596,136600],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136597,136598],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136599,134468],{"class":114},[42,136601,136602,136604],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136603,131868],{"class":114},[42,136605,136606],{"class":657},"WORLD\n",[14,136608,24965],{},[167,136610,136611,136616],{},[170,136612,136613,136615],{},[17,136614,124182],{}," returns the lowercase result",[170,136617,136618,136619,136621],{},"the original ",[17,136620,444],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136623,136624],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[33,136626,136628],{"className":35,"code":136627,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[17,136629,136630,136642,136656,136660],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136633,35048],{"class":114},[42,136635,88],{"class":87},[42,136637,73],{"class":60},[42,136639,136354],{"class":64},[42,136641,3689],{"class":60},[42,136643,136644,136646,136648,136650,136652,136654],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136645,35048],{"class":114},[42,136647,88],{"class":87},[42,136649,43203],{"class":114},[42,136651,122],{"class":56},[42,136653,8990],{"class":125},[42,136655,129],{"class":56},[42,136657,136658],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136659,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136661,136662,136664,136666,136668,136670],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,136663,284],{"class":52},[42,136665,57],{"class":56},[42,136667,444],{"class":125},[42,136669,98],{"class":56},[42,136671,136383],{"class":525},[28,136673,17778],{"id":17777},[14,136675,136676,751,136678,122],{},[17,136677,124182],{},[177,136679,61538],{},[14,136681,136682],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136684,136685],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[33,136687,136689],{"className":35,"code":136688,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[17,136690,136691,136705,136709,136732],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136692,136693,136696,136698,136700,136703],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136694,136695],{"class":114},"answer ",[42,136697,88],{"class":87},[42,136699,73],{"class":60},[42,136701,136702],{"class":64},"YES",[42,136704,3689],{"class":60},[42,136706,136707],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136708,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136710,136711,136713,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136712,7345],{"class":48},[42,136714,136715],{"class":114}," answer",[42,136717,122],{"class":56},[42,136719,8990],{"class":125},[42,136721,7713],{"class":56},[42,136723,6754],{"class":87},[42,136725,73],{"class":60},[42,136727,9007],{"class":64},[42,136729,61],{"class":60},[42,136731,108],{"class":56},[42,136733,136734,136736,136738,136740,136742,136744],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,136735,135],{"class":52},[42,136737,57],{"class":56},[42,136739,61],{"class":60},[42,136741,96934],{"class":64},[42,136743,61],{"class":60},[42,136745,143],{"class":56},[14,136747,136748,136749,1935],{},"This is especially useful with ",[693,136750,136751,136752,2631],{"href":8569},"the ",[17,136753,3289],{},[33,136755,136757],{"className":35,"code":136756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[17,136758,136759,136778,136782,136804,136819,136825],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136760,136761,136763,136765,136767,136769,136771,136774,136776],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136762,136695],{"class":114},[42,136764,88],{"class":87},[42,136766,8592],{"class":52},[42,136768,57],{"class":56},[42,136770,61],{"class":60},[42,136772,136773],{"class":64},"Type yes or no: ",[42,136775,61],{"class":60},[42,136777,143],{"class":56},[42,136779,136780],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136781,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136783,136784,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794,136796,136798,136800,136802],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136785,7345],{"class":48},[42,136787,136715],{"class":114},[42,136789,122],{"class":56},[42,136791,8990],{"class":125},[42,136793,7713],{"class":56},[42,136795,6754],{"class":87},[42,136797,73],{"class":60},[42,136799,9007],{"class":64},[42,136801,61],{"class":60},[42,136803,108],{"class":56},[42,136805,136806,136808,136810,136812,136815,136817],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,136807,135],{"class":52},[42,136809,57],{"class":56},[42,136811,61],{"class":60},[42,136813,136814],{"class":64},"You typed yes",[42,136816,61],{"class":60},[42,136818,143],{"class":56},[42,136820,136821,136823],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,136822,27792],{"class":48},[42,136824,108],{"class":56},[42,136826,136827,136829,136831,136833,136836,136838],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,136828,135],{"class":52},[42,136830,57],{"class":56},[42,136832,61],{"class":60},[42,136834,136835],{"class":64},"You typed something else",[42,136837,61],{"class":60},[42,136839,143],{"class":56},[28,136841,136843],{"id":136842},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136845,136846,136848],{},[17,136847,124182],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136850,7690],{},[167,136852,136853,136856,136859,136862],{},[170,136854,136855],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[170,136857,136858],{},"Make text matching easier",[170,136860,136861],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[170,136863,136864],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136866,136867],{},"Example: checking user input",[33,136869,136871],{"className":35,"code":136870,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[17,136872,136873,136891,136895,136917,136932,136938],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136874,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136876,45321],{"class":114},[42,136878,88],{"class":87},[42,136880,8592],{"class":52},[42,136882,57],{"class":56},[42,136884,61],{"class":60},[42,136886,45332],{"class":64},[42,136888,61],{"class":60},[42,136890,143],{"class":56},[42,136892,136893],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136894,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136896,136897,136899,136901,136903,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136898,7345],{"class":48},[42,136900,36210],{"class":114},[42,136902,122],{"class":56},[42,136904,8990],{"class":125},[42,136906,7713],{"class":56},[42,136908,6754],{"class":87},[42,136910,73],{"class":60},[42,136912,13467],{"class":64},[42,136914,61],{"class":60},[42,136916,108],{"class":56},[42,136918,136919,136921,136923,136925,136928,136930],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,136920,135],{"class":52},[42,136922,57],{"class":56},[42,136924,61],{"class":60},[42,136926,136927],{"class":64},"Nice choice!",[42,136929,61],{"class":60},[42,136931,143],{"class":56},[42,136933,136934,136936],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,136935,27792],{"class":48},[42,136937,108],{"class":56},[42,136939,136940,136942,136944,136946,136949,136951],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,136941,135],{"class":52},[42,136943,57],{"class":56},[42,136945,61],{"class":60},[42,136947,136948],{"class":64},"Got it.",[42,136950,61],{"class":60},[42,136952,143],{"class":56},[14,136954,136955],{},"Example: simple search",[33,136957,136959],{"className":35,"code":136958,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[17,136960,136961,136974,136978,136999],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136972],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,136964,90104],{"class":114},[42,136966,88],{"class":87},[42,136968,73],{"class":60},[42,136970,136971],{"class":64},"Python Is Fun",[42,136973,3689],{"class":60},[42,136975,136976],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,136977,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,136979,136980,136982,136984,136986,136988,136990,136993,136995,136997],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,136981,7345],{"class":48},[42,136983,73],{"class":60},[42,136985,37],{"class":64},[42,136987,61],{"class":60},[42,136989,21531],{"class":87},[42,136991,136992],{"class":114}," message",[42,136994,122],{"class":56},[42,136996,8990],{"class":125},[42,136998,21953],{"class":56},[42,137000,137001,137003,137005,137007,137010,137012],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137002,135],{"class":52},[42,137004,57],{"class":56},[42,137006,61],{"class":60},[42,137008,137009],{"class":64},"Found it",[42,137011,61],{"class":60},[42,137013,143],{"class":56},[14,137015,137016,137017,137019,137020,1935],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[17,137018,124182],{}," is often used with ",[693,137021,137023],{"href":137022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[17,137024,42016],{},[33,137026,137028],{"className":35,"code":137027,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[17,137029,137030,137043,137062,137066],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038,137041],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137033,8226],{"class":114},[42,137035,88],{"class":87},[42,137037,73],{"class":60},[42,137039,137040],{"class":64},"  ALICE  ",[42,137042,3689],{"class":60},[42,137044,137045,137048,137050,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137046,137047],{"class":114},"clean_name ",[42,137049,88],{"class":87},[42,137051,36351],{"class":114},[42,137053,122],{"class":56},[42,137055,1317],{"class":125},[42,137057,8987],{"class":56},[42,137059,8990],{"class":125},[42,137061,129],{"class":56},[42,137063,137064],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137065,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,137067,137068,137070,137072,137075,137077],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137069,284],{"class":52},[42,137071,57],{"class":56},[42,137073,137074],{"class":125},"clean_name",[42,137076,98],{"class":56},[42,137078,137079],{"class":525},"  # alice\n",[28,137081,15954],{"id":15953},[14,137083,137084,137085,137088],{},"Strings are ",[177,137086,137087],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,137090,137091,137092,137094],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[17,137093,124182],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,137096,137097,137098,137100],{},"So this does ",[177,137099,179],{}," update the original variable:",[33,137102,137104],{"className":35,"code":137103,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[17,137105,137106,137118,137128,137132],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137107,137108,137110,137112,137114,137116],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137109,35048],{"class":114},[42,137111,88],{"class":87},[42,137113,73],{"class":60},[42,137115,136476],{"class":64},[42,137117,3689],{"class":60},[42,137119,137120,137122,137124,137126],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137121,444],{"class":114},[42,137123,122],{"class":56},[42,137125,8990],{"class":125},[42,137127,129],{"class":56},[42,137129,137130],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137131,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,137133,137134,137136,137138,137140,137142],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137135,284],{"class":52},[42,137137,57],{"class":56},[42,137139,444],{"class":125},[42,137141,98],{"class":56},[42,137143,137144],{"class":525},"  # HELLO\n",[14,137146,137147],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[33,137149,137151],{"className":35,"code":137150,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[17,137152,137153,137165,137179,137183],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137154,137155,137157,137159,137161,137163],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137156,35048],{"class":114},[42,137158,88],{"class":87},[42,137160,73],{"class":60},[42,137162,136476],{"class":64},[42,137164,3689],{"class":60},[42,137166,137167,137169,137171,137173,137175,137177],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137168,35048],{"class":114},[42,137170,88],{"class":87},[42,137172,43203],{"class":114},[42,137174,122],{"class":56},[42,137176,8990],{"class":125},[42,137178,129],{"class":56},[42,137180,137181],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137182,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,137184,137185,137187,137189,137191,137193],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137186,284],{"class":52},[42,137188,57],{"class":56},[42,137190,444],{"class":125},[42,137192,98],{"class":56},[42,137194,136488],{"class":525},[28,137196,1929],{"id":1928},[1073,137198,26045],{"id":26044},[14,137200,137201,137202,11445,137204,122],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[17,137203,8990],{},[17,137205,124182],{},[14,137207,17002],{},[33,137209,137211],{"className":35,"code":137210,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[17,137212,137213,137225],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137214,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137216,35048],{"class":114},[42,137218,88],{"class":87},[42,137220,73],{"class":60},[42,137222,136476],{"class":64},[42,137224,3689],{"class":60},[42,137226,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137228,284],{"class":52},[42,137230,57],{"class":56},[42,137232,444],{"class":125},[42,137234,122],{"class":56},[42,137236,8990],{"class":2022},[42,137238,143],{"class":56},[14,137240,137241],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,137243,17014],{},[33,137245,137247],{"className":35,"code":137246,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[17,137248,137249,137261],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137250,137251,137253,137255,137257,137259],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137252,35048],{"class":114},[42,137254,88],{"class":87},[42,137256,73],{"class":60},[42,137258,136476],{"class":64},[42,137260,3689],{"class":60},[42,137262,137263,137265,137267,137269,137271,137273],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137264,284],{"class":52},[42,137266,57],{"class":56},[42,137268,444],{"class":125},[42,137270,122],{"class":56},[42,137272,8990],{"class":125},[42,137274,584],{"class":56},[1073,137276,137278],{"id":137277},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,137280,137281],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,137283,17002],{},[33,137285,137287],{"className":35,"code":137286,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[17,137288,137289,137301,137311],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137290,137291,137293,137295,137297,137299],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137292,35048],{"class":114},[42,137294,88],{"class":87},[42,137296,73],{"class":60},[42,137298,136476],{"class":64},[42,137300,3689],{"class":60},[42,137302,137303,137305,137307,137309],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137304,444],{"class":114},[42,137306,122],{"class":56},[42,137308,8990],{"class":125},[42,137310,129],{"class":56},[42,137312,137313,137315,137317,137319,137321],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137314,284],{"class":52},[42,137316,57],{"class":56},[42,137318,444],{"class":125},[42,137320,98],{"class":56},[42,137322,137323],{"class":525},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,137325,17014],{},[33,137327,137329],{"className":35,"code":137328,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[17,137330,137331,137343,137357],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137332,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137334,35048],{"class":114},[42,137336,88],{"class":87},[42,137338,73],{"class":60},[42,137340,136476],{"class":64},[42,137342,3689],{"class":60},[42,137344,137345,137347,137349,137351,137353,137355],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137346,35048],{"class":114},[42,137348,88],{"class":87},[42,137350,43203],{"class":114},[42,137352,122],{"class":56},[42,137354,8990],{"class":125},[42,137356,129],{"class":56},[42,137358,137359,137361,137363,137365,137367],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137360,284],{"class":52},[42,137362,57],{"class":56},[42,137364,444],{"class":125},[42,137366,98],{"class":56},[42,137368,136488],{"class":525},[1073,137370,1940,137372,137374],{"id":137371},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[17,137373,124182],{}," on a non-string value",[14,137376,137377,137379],{},[17,137378,124182],{}," only works on strings.",[14,137381,17002],{},[33,137383,137385],{"className":35,"code":137384,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[17,137386,137387,137395],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137388,137389,137391,137393],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137390,2542],{"class":114},[42,137392,88],{"class":87},[42,137394,125134],{"class":2348},[42,137396,137397,137399,137401,137403,137405,137407],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137398,284],{"class":52},[42,137400,57],{"class":56},[42,137402,2565],{"class":125},[42,137404,122],{"class":56},[42,137406,8990],{"class":125},[42,137408,584],{"class":56},[14,137410,137411,137412,33961],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[17,137413,124182],{},[14,137415,137416],{},"You can check the type first:",[33,137418,137420],{"className":35,"code":137419,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[17,137421,137422,137434,137438,137452],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137423,137424,137426,137428,137430,137432],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137425,35048],{"class":114},[42,137427,88],{"class":87},[42,137429,73],{"class":60},[42,137431,136476],{"class":64},[42,137433,3689],{"class":60},[42,137435,137436],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137437,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,137439,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448,137450],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137441,284],{"class":52},[42,137443,57],{"class":56},[42,137445,835],{"class":834},[42,137447,57],{"class":56},[42,137449,444],{"class":125},[42,137451,842],{"class":56},[42,137453,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137455,284],{"class":52},[42,137457,57],{"class":56},[42,137459,444],{"class":125},[42,137461,122],{"class":56},[42,137463,8990],{"class":125},[42,137465,584],{"class":56},[1073,137467,137469],{"id":137468},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,137471,137472],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[33,137474,137476],{"className":35,"code":137475,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[17,137477,137478,137491,137495,137512,137527,137533],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137479,137480,137482,137484,137486,137489],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137481,136695],{"class":114},[42,137483,88],{"class":87},[42,137485,73],{"class":60},[42,137487,137488],{"class":64},"Yes",[42,137490,3689],{"class":60},[42,137492,137493],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137494,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,137496,137497,137499,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137498,7345],{"class":48},[42,137500,137501],{"class":114}," answer ",[42,137503,5029],{"class":87},[42,137505,73],{"class":60},[42,137507,9007],{"class":64},[42,137509,61],{"class":60},[42,137511,108],{"class":56},[42,137513,137514,137516,137518,137520,137523,137525],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137515,135],{"class":52},[42,137517,57],{"class":56},[42,137519,61],{"class":60},[42,137521,137522],{"class":64},"Match",[42,137524,61],{"class":60},[42,137526,143],{"class":56},[42,137528,137529,137531],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,137530,27792],{"class":48},[42,137532,108],{"class":56},[42,137534,137535,137537,137539,137541,137544,137546],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,137536,135],{"class":52},[42,137538,57],{"class":56},[42,137540,61],{"class":60},[42,137542,137543],{"class":64},"No match",[42,137545,61],{"class":60},[42,137547,143],{"class":56},[14,137549,29420,137550,1753,137553,137556,137557,122],{},[17,137551,137552],{},"\"Yes\"",[17,137554,137555],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[17,137558,137543],{},[14,137560,137561],{},"Better:",[33,137563,137565],{"className":35,"code":137564,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[17,137566,137567,137579,137583,137605],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137568,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137570,136695],{"class":114},[42,137572,88],{"class":87},[42,137574,73],{"class":60},[42,137576,137488],{"class":64},[42,137578,3689],{"class":60},[42,137580,137581],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137582,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,137584,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137586,7345],{"class":48},[42,137588,136715],{"class":114},[42,137590,122],{"class":56},[42,137592,8990],{"class":125},[42,137594,7713],{"class":56},[42,137596,6754],{"class":87},[42,137598,73],{"class":60},[42,137600,9007],{"class":64},[42,137602,61],{"class":60},[42,137604,108],{"class":56},[42,137606,137607,137609,137611,137613,137615,137617],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137608,135],{"class":52},[42,137610,57],{"class":56},[42,137612,61],{"class":60},[42,137614,137522],{"class":64},[42,137616,61],{"class":60},[42,137618,143],{"class":56},[1073,137620,44575,137622,137625],{"id":137621},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[17,137623,137624],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137627,137628,137629,137631],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[17,137630,124182],{}," is enough.",[14,137633,137634,137635,137637,137638,122],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[17,137636,137624],{}," can be stronger than ",[17,137639,124182],{},[14,137641,137642,137643,122694],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[17,137644,124182],{},[28,137646,137648,10937,137650],{"id":137647},"lower-vs-upper",[17,137649,124182],{},[17,137651,128330],{},[14,137653,137654,1753,137656,137658],{},[17,137655,124182],{},[17,137657,128330],{}," are very similar.",[167,137660,137661,137666,137671,137674],{},[170,137662,137663,137665],{},[17,137664,124182],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[170,137667,137668,137670],{},[17,137669,128330],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[170,137672,137673],{},"Both return new strings",[170,137675,137676],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137678,219],{},[33,137680,137682],{"className":35,"code":137681,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[17,137683,137684,137696,137700,137716],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137685,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137687,35048],{"class":114},[42,137689,88],{"class":87},[42,137691,73],{"class":60},[42,137693,129171],{"class":64},[42,137695,3689],{"class":60},[42,137697,137698],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137699,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,137701,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710,137712,137714],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137703,284],{"class":52},[42,137705,57],{"class":56},[42,137707,444],{"class":125},[42,137709,122],{"class":56},[42,137711,8990],{"class":125},[42,137713,136485],{"class":56},[42,137715,136383],{"class":525},[42,137717,137718,137720,137722,137724,137726,137728,137730],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,137719,284],{"class":52},[42,137721,57],{"class":56},[42,137723,444],{"class":125},[42,137725,122],{"class":56},[42,137727,34838],{"class":125},[42,137729,136485],{"class":56},[42,137731,137732],{"class":525},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137734,137735,137736,122],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[693,137737,126452,137739,11093],{"href":137738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[17,137740,128330],{},[28,137742,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,137744,13060,137746,124779],{"id":137745},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[17,137747,124182],{},[14,137749,137750],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1073,137752,13060,137754,137756],{"id":137753},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[17,137755,124182],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137758,137759,137760,122],{},"No. The method is called as ",[17,137761,137762],{},"string.lower()",[1073,137764,5485,137766,13072],{"id":137765},"what-does-lower-return",[17,137767,124182],{},[14,137769,137770],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1073,137772,28687,137774,137776],{"id":137773},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[17,137775,124182],{}," on user input?",[14,137778,137779,137780,137782],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[17,137781,3289],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1073,137784,2171,137786,1753,137788,2823],{"id":137785},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[17,137787,124182],{},[17,137789,137624],{},[14,137791,137792,137794,137795,137797],{},[17,137793,124182],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[17,137796,137624],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[28,137799,2205],{"id":2204},[167,137801,137802,137806,137812,137818,137824,137828,137832,137838],{},[170,137803,137804],{},[693,137805,51339],{"href":51338},[170,137807,137808],{},[693,137809,126452,137810,11093],{"href":137738},[17,137811,128330],{},[170,137813,137814],{},[693,137815,126452,137816,11093],{"href":137022},[17,137817,42016],{},[170,137819,137820],{},[693,137821,126452,137822,11093],{"href":130033},[17,137823,124623],{},[170,137825,137826],{},[693,137827,124851],{"href":123707},[170,137829,137830],{},[693,137831,90780],{"href":89789},[170,137833,137834],{},[693,137835,3908,137836,3841],{"href":8569},[17,137837,3289],{},[170,137839,137840],{},[693,137841,137842],{"href":136423},"What is a string in Python?",[2245,137844,137845],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":137847},[137848,137850,137851,137852,137853,137854,137855,137864,137866,137878],{"id":136393,"depth":111,"text":137849},"What lower() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":136842,"depth":111,"text":136843},{"id":15953,"depth":111,"text":15954},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":137856},[137857,137858,137859,137861,137862],{"id":26044,"depth":132,"text":26045},{"id":137277,"depth":132,"text":137278},{"id":137371,"depth":132,"text":137860},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137468,"depth":132,"text":137469},{"id":137621,"depth":132,"text":137863},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137647,"depth":111,"text":137865},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":137867},[137868,137870,137872,137874,137876],{"id":137745,"depth":132,"text":137869},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137753,"depth":132,"text":137871},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137765,"depth":132,"text":137873},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137773,"depth":132,"text":137875},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137785,"depth":132,"text":137877},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136310,"description":137879},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137886,"title":137887,"body":137888,"description":139438,"extension":2285,"meta":139439,"navigation":2287,"path":139440,"seo":139441,"stem":139442,"__hash__":139443},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137889,"toc":139399},[137890,137895,137900,137906,137921,137923,137983,137985,137994,138000,138005,138010,138012,138026,138030,138032,138079,138081,138099,138101,138104,138175,138177,138191,138194,138206,138215,138219,138224,138229,138233,138299,138301,138310,138314,138379,138381,138390,138393,138398,138402,138407,138411,138472,138474,138483,138487,138490,138546,138548,138557,138560,138573,138575,138579,138586,138648,138650,138663,138669,138672,138679,138684,138689,138692,138700,138702,138763,138765,138774,138777,138824,138827,138874,138876,138881,138898,138905,138910,138963,138965,138973,138975,139032,139034,139042,139046,139093,139095,139103,139111,139115,139163,139165,139174,139179,139230,139232,139241,139248,139251,139272,139274,139279,139282,139286,139289,139293,139296,139323,139329,139332,139359,139364,139366,139368,139396],[10,137891,123452,137893,11676],{"id":137892},"python-string-replace-method",[17,137894,124623],{},[14,137896,123457,137897,137899],{},[17,137898,124623],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137901,137902,137903,137905],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[17,137904,124623],{},". You will learn:",[167,137907,137908,137912,137915,137918],{},[170,137909,26377,137910,4016],{},[17,137911,124623],{},[170,137913,137914],{},"how its syntax works",[170,137916,137917],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[170,137919,137920],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[28,137922,31],{"id":30},[33,137924,137926],{"className":35,"code":137925,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[17,137927,137928,137941,137973],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137929,137930,137932,137934,137936,137939],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137931,35048],{"class":114},[42,137933,88],{"class":87},[42,137935,73],{"class":60},[42,137937,137938],{"class":64},"I like cats",[42,137940,3689],{"class":60},[42,137942,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137960,137962,137964,137966,137969,137971],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,137944,130291],{"class":114},[42,137946,88],{"class":87},[42,137948,43203],{"class":114},[42,137950,122],{"class":56},[42,137952,35358],{"class":125},[42,137954,57],{"class":56},[42,137956,61],{"class":60},[42,137958,137959],{"class":64},"cats",[42,137961,61],{"class":60},[42,137963,70],{"class":56},[42,137965,73],{"class":60},[42,137967,137968],{"class":64},"dogs",[42,137970,61],{"class":60},[42,137972,143],{"class":56},[42,137974,137975,137977,137979,137981],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,137976,284],{"class":52},[42,137978,57],{"class":56},[42,137980,130322],{"class":125},[42,137982,143],{"class":56},[14,137984,2395],{},[33,137986,137988],{"className":35,"code":137987,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"I like dogs\n",[17,137989,137990],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,137991,137992],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,137993,137987],{"class":114},[14,137995,146,137996,137999],{},[17,137997,137998],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[28,138001,4013,138003,4016],{"id":138002},"what-replace-does",[17,138004,124623],{},[14,138006,138007,138009],{},[17,138008,124623],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,138011,13409],{},[167,138013,138014,138016,138018,138021],{},[170,138015,133700],{},[170,138017,136418],{},[170,138019,138020],{},"It works on exact matches",[170,138022,138023,138024],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[17,138025,41622],{},[14,138027,125204,138028,122],{},[693,138029,125207],{"href":51338},[28,138031,5775],{"id":5774},[33,138033,138035],{"className":35,"code":138034,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[17,138036,138037,138057],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138038,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138050,138052,138055],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138040,61538],{"class":114},[42,138042,122],{"class":56},[42,138044,35358],{"class":125},[42,138046,57],{"class":56},[42,138048,138049],{"class":125},"old",[42,138051,70],{"class":56},[42,138053,138054],{"class":125}," new",[42,138056,143],{"class":56},[42,138058,138059,138061,138063,138065,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075,138077],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138060,61538],{"class":114},[42,138062,122],{"class":56},[42,138064,35358],{"class":125},[42,138066,57],{"class":56},[42,138068,138049],{"class":125},[42,138070,70],{"class":56},[42,138072,138054],{"class":125},[42,138074,70],{"class":56},[42,138076,49964],{"class":125},[42,138078,143],{"class":56},[1073,138080,17754],{"id":17753},[167,138082,138083,138088,138094],{},[170,138084,138085,138087],{},[17,138086,138049],{}," = the text to find",[170,138089,138090,138093],{},[17,138091,138092],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[170,138095,138096,138098],{},[17,138097,41622],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[28,138100,6132],{"id":6131},[14,138102,138103],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[33,138105,138107],{"className":35,"code":138106,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[17,138108,138109,138121,138151,138155,138165],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138110,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138112,35048],{"class":114},[42,138114,88],{"class":87},[42,138116,73],{"class":60},[42,138118,137938],{"class":64},[42,138120,3689],{"class":60},[42,138122,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138124,130291],{"class":114},[42,138126,88],{"class":87},[42,138128,43203],{"class":114},[42,138130,122],{"class":56},[42,138132,35358],{"class":125},[42,138134,57],{"class":56},[42,138136,61],{"class":60},[42,138138,137959],{"class":64},[42,138140,61],{"class":60},[42,138142,70],{"class":56},[42,138144,73],{"class":60},[42,138146,137968],{"class":64},[42,138148,61],{"class":60},[42,138150,143],{"class":56},[42,138152,138153],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138154,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,138156,138157,138159,138161,138163],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,138158,284],{"class":52},[42,138160,57],{"class":56},[42,138162,444],{"class":125},[42,138164,143],{"class":56},[42,138166,138167,138169,138171,138173],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,138168,284],{"class":52},[42,138170,57],{"class":56},[42,138172,130322],{"class":125},[42,138174,143],{"class":56},[14,138176,2395],{},[33,138178,138180],{"className":35,"code":138179,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[17,138181,138182,138187],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138183,138184],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138185,138186],{"class":114},"I like cats\n",[42,138188,138189],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138190,137987],{"class":114},[14,138192,138193],{},"Notice what happened:",[167,138195,138196,138201],{},[170,138197,138198,138200],{},[17,138199,444],{}," did not change",[170,138202,138203,138205],{},[17,138204,130322],{}," contains the updated value",[14,138207,138208,138209,138211,138212,138214],{},"This happens because strings are ",[177,138210,137087],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[17,138213,124623],{}," return a new string instead.",[28,138216,138218],{"id":138217},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,138220,89798,138221,138223],{},[17,138222,124623],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,138225,138226,138227,36982],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[17,138228,41622],{},[1073,138230,138232],{"id":138231},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[33,138234,138236],{"className":35,"code":138235,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138237,138238,138251,138285,138289],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246,138249],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138241,35048],{"class":114},[42,138243,88],{"class":87},[42,138245,73],{"class":60},[42,138247,138248],{"class":64},"cat cat cat",[42,138250,3689],{"class":60},[42,138252,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138254,2555],{"class":114},[42,138256,88],{"class":87},[42,138258,43203],{"class":114},[42,138260,122],{"class":56},[42,138262,35358],{"class":125},[42,138264,57],{"class":56},[42,138266,61],{"class":60},[42,138268,37408],{"class":64},[42,138270,61],{"class":60},[42,138272,70],{"class":56},[42,138274,73],{"class":60},[42,138276,58492],{"class":64},[42,138278,61],{"class":60},[42,138280,70],{"class":56},[42,138282,5842],{"class":2348},[42,138284,143],{"class":56},[42,138286,138287],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138288,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,138290,138291,138293,138295,138297],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,138292,284],{"class":52},[42,138294,57],{"class":56},[42,138296,2592],{"class":125},[42,138298,143],{"class":56},[14,138300,2395],{},[33,138302,138304],{"className":35,"code":138303,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dog cat cat\n",[17,138305,138306],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138307,138308],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138309,138303],{"class":114},[1073,138311,138313],{"id":138312},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[33,138315,138317],{"className":35,"code":138316,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138318,138319,138331,138365,138369],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138322,35048],{"class":114},[42,138324,88],{"class":87},[42,138326,73],{"class":60},[42,138328,138248],{"class":64},[42,138330,3689],{"class":60},[42,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138334,2555],{"class":114},[42,138336,88],{"class":87},[42,138338,43203],{"class":114},[42,138340,122],{"class":56},[42,138342,35358],{"class":125},[42,138344,57],{"class":56},[42,138346,61],{"class":60},[42,138348,37408],{"class":64},[42,138350,61],{"class":60},[42,138352,70],{"class":56},[42,138354,73],{"class":60},[42,138356,58492],{"class":64},[42,138358,61],{"class":60},[42,138360,70],{"class":56},[42,138362,3325],{"class":2348},[42,138364,143],{"class":56},[42,138366,138367],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138368,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,138370,138371,138373,138375,138377],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,138372,284],{"class":52},[42,138374,57],{"class":56},[42,138376,2592],{"class":125},[42,138378,143],{"class":56},[14,138380,2395],{},[33,138382,138384],{"className":35,"code":138383,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"dog dog cat\n",[17,138385,138386],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138387,138388],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138389,138383],{"class":114},[14,138391,138392],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,138394,138395,138396,122],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[693,138397,128176],{"href":124620},[28,138399,138401],{"id":138400},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,138403,138404,138406],{},[17,138405,124623],{}," can also change single characters.",[1073,138408,138410],{"id":138409},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[33,138412,138414],{"className":35,"code":138413,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138415,138416,138428,138458,138462],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138417,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138419,35048],{"class":114},[42,138421,88],{"class":87},[42,138423,73],{"class":60},[42,138425,4427],{"class":64},[42,138427,3689],{"class":60},[42,138429,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138431,2555],{"class":114},[42,138433,88],{"class":87},[42,138435,43203],{"class":114},[42,138437,122],{"class":56},[42,138439,35358],{"class":125},[42,138441,57],{"class":56},[42,138443,61],{"class":60},[42,138445,693],{"class":64},[42,138447,61],{"class":60},[42,138449,70],{"class":56},[42,138451,73],{"class":60},[42,138453,60839],{"class":64},[42,138455,61],{"class":60},[42,138457,143],{"class":56},[42,138459,138460],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138461,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,138463,138464,138466,138468,138470],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,138465,284],{"class":52},[42,138467,57],{"class":56},[42,138469,2592],{"class":125},[42,138471,143],{"class":56},[14,138473,2395],{},[33,138475,138477],{"className":35,"code":138476,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"bonono\n",[17,138478,138479],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138480,138481],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138482,138476],{"class":114},[1073,138484,138486],{"id":138485},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,138488,138489],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[33,138491,138493],{"className":35,"code":138492,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138494,138495,138508,138532,138536],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138496,138497,138499,138501,138503,138506],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138498,35048],{"class":114},[42,138500,88],{"class":87},[42,138502,73],{"class":60},[42,138504,138505],{"class":64},"a b c",[42,138507,3689],{"class":60},[42,138509,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138511,2555],{"class":114},[42,138513,88],{"class":87},[42,138515,43203],{"class":114},[42,138517,122],{"class":56},[42,138519,35358],{"class":125},[42,138521,57],{"class":56},[42,138523,61],{"class":60},[42,138525,73],{"class":60},[42,138527,70],{"class":56},[42,138529,6472],{"class":60},[42,138531,143],{"class":56},[42,138533,138534],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138535,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,138537,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,138539,284],{"class":52},[42,138541,57],{"class":56},[42,138543,2592],{"class":125},[42,138545,143],{"class":56},[14,138547,2395],{},[33,138549,138551],{"className":35,"code":138550,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"abc\n",[17,138552,138553],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138554,138555],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138556,138550],{"class":114},[14,138558,138559],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138561,138562,138563,138567,138568,138572],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[693,138564,126452,138565,11093],{"href":129139},[17,138566,60895],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[693,138569,126452,138570,11093],{"href":137022},[17,138571,42016],{}," is often a better choice.",[28,138574,124099],{"id":124098},[14,138576,138577,123910],{},[17,138578,124623],{},[14,138580,127497,138581,1753,138583,127504],{},[17,138582,113136],{},[17,138584,138585],{},"\"Cat\"",[33,138587,138589],{"className":35,"code":138588,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138590,138591,138604,138634,138638],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138592,138593,138595,138597,138599,138602],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138594,35048],{"class":114},[42,138596,88],{"class":87},[42,138598,73],{"class":60},[42,138600,138601],{"class":64},"Cat cat CAT",[42,138603,3689],{"class":60},[42,138605,138606,138608,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138607,2555],{"class":114},[42,138609,88],{"class":87},[42,138611,43203],{"class":114},[42,138613,122],{"class":56},[42,138615,35358],{"class":125},[42,138617,57],{"class":56},[42,138619,61],{"class":60},[42,138621,37408],{"class":64},[42,138623,61],{"class":60},[42,138625,70],{"class":56},[42,138627,73],{"class":60},[42,138629,58492],{"class":64},[42,138631,61],{"class":60},[42,138633,143],{"class":56},[42,138635,138636],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138637,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,138639,138640,138642,138644,138646],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,138641,284],{"class":52},[42,138643,57],{"class":56},[42,138645,2592],{"class":125},[42,138647,143],{"class":56},[14,138649,2395],{},[33,138651,138653],{"className":35,"code":138652,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Cat dog CAT\n",[17,138654,138655],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138656,138657,138660],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138658,138659],{"class":114},"Cat dog ",[42,138661,138662],{"class":657},"CAT\n",[14,138664,138665,138666,138668],{},"Only the lowercase ",[17,138667,113136],{}," was replaced.",[14,138670,138671],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138673,138674,138675,122],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[693,138676,126452,138677,11093],{"href":124179},[17,138678,124182],{},[28,138680,4013,138682,12060],{"id":138681},"what-replace-returns",[17,138683,124623],{},[14,138685,138686,138688],{},[17,138687,124623],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138690,138691],{},"If no match is found:",[167,138693,138694,138697],{},[170,138695,138696],{},"no error happens",[170,138698,138699],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138701,219],{},[33,138703,138705],{"className":35,"code":138704,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,138706,138707,138719,138749,138753],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138708,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138710,35048],{"class":114},[42,138712,88],{"class":87},[42,138714,73],{"class":60},[42,138716,4183],{"class":64},[42,138718,3689],{"class":60},[42,138720,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743,138745,138747],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138722,2555],{"class":114},[42,138724,88],{"class":87},[42,138726,43203],{"class":114},[42,138728,122],{"class":56},[42,138730,35358],{"class":125},[42,138732,57],{"class":56},[42,138734,61],{"class":60},[42,138736,2498],{"class":64},[42,138738,61],{"class":60},[42,138740,70],{"class":56},[42,138742,73],{"class":60},[42,138744,12100],{"class":64},[42,138746,61],{"class":60},[42,138748,143],{"class":56},[42,138750,138751],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138752,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,138754,138755,138757,138759,138761],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,138756,284],{"class":52},[42,138758,57],{"class":56},[42,138760,2592],{"class":125},[42,138762,143],{"class":56},[14,138764,2395],{},[33,138766,138768],{"className":35,"code":138767,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"hello\n",[17,138769,138770],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138771,138772],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138773,138767],{"class":114},[14,138775,138776],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[33,138778,138780],{"className":35,"code":138779,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[17,138781,138782,138794],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138783,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138785,35048],{"class":114},[42,138787,88],{"class":87},[42,138789,73],{"class":60},[42,138791,60772],{"class":64},[42,138793,3689],{"class":60},[42,138795,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138797,130291],{"class":114},[42,138799,88],{"class":87},[42,138801,43203],{"class":114},[42,138803,122],{"class":56},[42,138805,35358],{"class":125},[42,138807,57],{"class":56},[42,138809,61],{"class":60},[42,138811,60955],{"class":64},[42,138813,61],{"class":60},[42,138815,70],{"class":56},[42,138817,73],{"class":60},[42,138819,7644],{"class":64},[42,138821,61],{"class":60},[42,138823,143],{"class":56},[14,138825,138826],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[33,138828,138830],{"className":35,"code":138829,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[17,138831,138832,138844],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138833,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138835,35048],{"class":114},[42,138837,88],{"class":87},[42,138839,73],{"class":60},[42,138841,60772],{"class":64},[42,138843,3689],{"class":60},[42,138845,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866,138868,138870,138872],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138847,35048],{"class":114},[42,138849,88],{"class":87},[42,138851,43203],{"class":114},[42,138853,122],{"class":56},[42,138855,35358],{"class":125},[42,138857,57],{"class":56},[42,138859,61],{"class":60},[42,138861,60955],{"class":64},[42,138863,61],{"class":60},[42,138865,70],{"class":56},[42,138867,73],{"class":60},[42,138869,7644],{"class":64},[42,138871,61],{"class":60},[42,138873,143],{"class":56},[28,138875,4859],{"id":4858},[14,138877,138878,138879,1935],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[17,138880,124623],{},[167,138882,138883,138886,138890,138893],{},[170,138884,138885],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[170,138887,8803,138888,131672],{},[17,138889,124623],{},[170,138891,138892],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[170,138894,37565,138895,138897],{},[17,138896,124623],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1073,138899,138901,138902,138904],{"id":138900},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[17,138903,124623],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138906,138907,138908,1935],{},"This does not update ",[17,138909,444],{},[33,138911,138913],{"className":35,"code":138912,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,138914,138915,138927,138953],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138916,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138918,35048],{"class":114},[42,138920,88],{"class":87},[42,138922,73],{"class":60},[42,138924,137938],{"class":64},[42,138926,3689],{"class":60},[42,138928,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945,138947,138949,138951],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138930,444],{"class":114},[42,138932,122],{"class":56},[42,138934,35358],{"class":125},[42,138936,57],{"class":56},[42,138938,61],{"class":60},[42,138940,137959],{"class":64},[42,138942,61],{"class":60},[42,138944,70],{"class":56},[42,138946,73],{"class":60},[42,138948,137968],{"class":64},[42,138950,61],{"class":60},[42,138952,143],{"class":56},[42,138954,138955,138957,138959,138961],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,138956,284],{"class":52},[42,138958,57],{"class":56},[42,138960,444],{"class":125},[42,138962,143],{"class":56},[14,138964,2395],{},[33,138966,138967],{"className":35,"code":138186,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,138968,138969],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138970,138971],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138972,138186],{"class":114},[14,138974,11160],{},[33,138976,138978],{"className":35,"code":138977,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[17,138979,138980,138992,139022],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,138981,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,138983,35048],{"class":114},[42,138985,88],{"class":87},[42,138987,73],{"class":60},[42,138989,137938],{"class":64},[42,138991,3689],{"class":60},[42,138993,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,138995,35048],{"class":114},[42,138997,88],{"class":87},[42,138999,43203],{"class":114},[42,139001,122],{"class":56},[42,139003,35358],{"class":125},[42,139005,57],{"class":56},[42,139007,61],{"class":60},[42,139009,137959],{"class":64},[42,139011,61],{"class":60},[42,139013,70],{"class":56},[42,139015,73],{"class":60},[42,139017,137968],{"class":64},[42,139019,61],{"class":60},[42,139021,143],{"class":56},[42,139023,139024,139026,139028,139030],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,139025,284],{"class":52},[42,139027,57],{"class":56},[42,139029,444],{"class":125},[42,139031,143],{"class":56},[14,139033,2395],{},[33,139035,139036],{"className":35,"code":137987,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,139037,139038],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139039,139040],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139041,137987],{"class":114},[1073,139043,139045],{"id":139044},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[33,139047,139049],{"className":35,"code":139048,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[17,139050,139051,139063],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139052,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139054,35048],{"class":114},[42,139056,88],{"class":87},[42,139058,73],{"class":60},[42,139060,654],{"class":64},[42,139062,3689],{"class":60},[42,139064,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087,139089,139091],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139066,284],{"class":52},[42,139068,57],{"class":56},[42,139070,444],{"class":125},[42,139072,122],{"class":56},[42,139074,35358],{"class":125},[42,139076,57],{"class":56},[42,139078,61],{"class":60},[42,139080,4183],{"class":64},[42,139082,61],{"class":60},[42,139084,70],{"class":56},[42,139086,73],{"class":60},[42,139088,90033],{"class":64},[42,139090,61],{"class":60},[42,139092,842],{"class":56},[14,139094,2395],{},[33,139096,139097],{"className":35,"code":89046,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,139098,139099],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139100,139101],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139102,89046],{"class":114},[14,139104,139105,139106,1753,139108,139110],{},"Nothing changed because ",[17,139107,64899],{},[17,139109,90515],{}," are not the same.",[1073,139112,139114],{"id":139113},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[33,139116,139118],{"className":35,"code":139117,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[17,139119,139120,139133],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139121,139122,139124,139126,139128,139131],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139123,35048],{"class":114},[42,139125,88],{"class":87},[42,139127,73],{"class":60},[42,139129,139130],{"class":64},"red red red",[42,139132,3689],{"class":60},[42,139134,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139136,284],{"class":52},[42,139138,57],{"class":56},[42,139140,444],{"class":125},[42,139142,122],{"class":56},[42,139144,35358],{"class":125},[42,139146,57],{"class":56},[42,139148,61],{"class":60},[42,139150,13450],{"class":64},[42,139152,61],{"class":60},[42,139154,70],{"class":56},[42,139156,73],{"class":60},[42,139158,13467],{"class":64},[42,139160,61],{"class":60},[42,139162,842],{"class":56},[14,139164,2395],{},[33,139166,139168],{"className":35,"code":139167,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"blue blue blue\n",[17,139169,139170],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139171,139172],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139173,139167],{"class":114},[14,139175,139176,139177,1935],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[17,139178,41622],{},[33,139180,139182],{"className":35,"code":139181,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[17,139183,139184,139196],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139187,35048],{"class":114},[42,139189,88],{"class":87},[42,139191,73],{"class":60},[42,139193,139130],{"class":64},[42,139195,3689],{"class":60},[42,139197,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139199,284],{"class":52},[42,139201,57],{"class":56},[42,139203,444],{"class":125},[42,139205,122],{"class":56},[42,139207,35358],{"class":125},[42,139209,57],{"class":56},[42,139211,61],{"class":60},[42,139213,13450],{"class":64},[42,139215,61],{"class":60},[42,139217,70],{"class":56},[42,139219,73],{"class":60},[42,139221,13467],{"class":64},[42,139223,61],{"class":60},[42,139225,70],{"class":56},[42,139227,5842],{"class":2348},[42,139229,842],{"class":56},[14,139231,2395],{},[33,139233,139235],{"className":35,"code":139234,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"blue red red\n",[17,139236,139237],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139238,139239],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139240,139234],{"class":114},[1073,139242,139244,139245,139247],{"id":139243},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[17,139246,124623],{}," for the wrong task",[14,139249,139250],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[167,139252,139253,139260,139267],{},[170,139254,146,139255,139259],{},[693,139256,139257],{"href":129139},[17,139258,60895],{}," to break a string into a list",[170,139261,146,139262,139266],{},[693,139263,139264],{"href":137022},[17,139265,42016],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[170,139268,146,139269,139271],{},[17,139270,124623],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[28,139273,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,139275,13060,139277,124779],{"id":139276},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[17,139278,124623],{},[14,139280,139281],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1073,139283,139285],{"id":139284},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,139287,139288],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1073,139290,139292],{"id":139291},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,139294,139295],{},"Use the third argument:",[33,139297,139299],{"className":35,"code":139298,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[17,139300,139301],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139302,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139304,444],{"class":114},[42,139306,122],{"class":56},[42,139308,35358],{"class":125},[42,139310,57],{"class":56},[42,139312,138049],{"class":125},[42,139314,70],{"class":56},[42,139316,138054],{"class":125},[42,139318,70],{"class":56},[42,139320,5842],{"class":2348},[42,139322,143],{"class":56},[1073,139324,5513,139326,139328],{"id":139325},"can-replace-remove-text",[17,139327,124623],{}," remove text?",[14,139330,139331],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[33,139333,139335],{"className":35,"code":139334,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[17,139336,139337],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139338,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139340,444],{"class":114},[42,139342,122],{"class":56},[42,139344,35358],{"class":125},[42,139346,57],{"class":56},[42,139348,61],{"class":60},[42,139350,2498],{"class":64},[42,139352,61],{"class":60},[42,139354,70],{"class":56},[42,139356,6472],{"class":60},[42,139358,143],{"class":56},[1073,139360,15260,139362,124788],{"id":139361},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[17,139363,124623],{},[14,139365,129981],{},[28,139367,2205],{"id":2204},[167,139369,139370,139374,139380,139386,139392],{},[170,139371,139372],{},[693,139373,124858],{"href":124620},[170,139375,139376],{},[693,139377,126452,139378,11093],{"href":129139},[17,139379,60895],{},[170,139381,139382],{},[693,139383,126452,139384,11093],{"href":137022},[17,139385,42016],{},[170,139387,139388],{},[693,139389,126452,139390,11093],{"href":124179},[17,139391,124182],{},[170,139393,139394],{},[693,139395,125207],{"href":51338},[2245,139397,139398],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":139400},[139401,139402,139404,139407,139408,139412,139416,139417,139419,139427,139437],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":138002,"depth":111,"text":139403},"What replace() does",{"id":5774,"depth":111,"text":5775,"children":139405},[139406],{"id":17753,"depth":132,"text":17754},{"id":6131,"depth":111,"text":6132},{"id":138217,"depth":111,"text":138218,"children":139409},[139410,139411],{"id":138231,"depth":132,"text":138232},{"id":138312,"depth":132,"text":138313},{"id":138400,"depth":111,"text":138401,"children":139413},[139414,139415],{"id":138409,"depth":132,"text":138410},{"id":138485,"depth":132,"text":138486},{"id":124098,"depth":111,"text":124099},{"id":138681,"depth":111,"text":139418},"What replace() returns",{"id":4858,"depth":111,"text":4859,"children":139420},[139421,139423,139424,139425],{"id":138900,"depth":132,"text":139422},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139044,"depth":132,"text":139045},{"id":139113,"depth":132,"text":139114},{"id":139243,"depth":132,"text":139426},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":139428},[139429,139431,139432,139433,139435],{"id":139276,"depth":132,"text":139430},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139284,"depth":132,"text":139285},{"id":139291,"depth":132,"text":139292},{"id":139325,"depth":132,"text":139434},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139361,"depth":132,"text":139436},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137887,"description":139438},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139445,"title":139446,"body":139447,"description":141466,"extension":2285,"meta":141467,"navigation":2287,"path":141468,"seo":141469,"stem":141470,"__hash__":141471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139448,"toc":141430},[139449,139454,139459,139462,139473,139475,139530,139535,139540,139547,139549,139564,139566,139622,139624,139662,139667,139669,139693,139696,139709,139714,139716,139748,139750,139783,139789,139794,139797,139807,139810,139812,139868,139870,139920,139923,139931,139934,139990,139992,140065,140078,140086,140090,140101,140104,140107,140160,140162,140194,140197,140251,140253,140288,140291,140296,140301,140306,140309,140311,140369,140371,140405,140407,140422,140425,140427,140469,140471,140497,140502,140510,140513,140515,140597,140599,140650,140653,140664,140672,140674,140747,140749,140767,140771,140774,140778,140805,140807,140815,140819,140854,140856,140869,140873,140876,140915,140917,140934,140939,140944,140955,140958,140969,140971,140973,140999,141002,141051,141053,141070,141073,141075,141127,141129,141161,141164,141222,141227,141229,141234,141337,141339,141353,141355,141362,141367,141372,141377,141382,141387,141390,141394,141399,141401,141427],[10,139450,123452,139452,11676],{"id":139451},"python-string-split-method",[17,139453,60895],{},[14,139455,123457,139456,139458],{},[17,139457,60895],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,139460,139461],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[167,139463,139464,139467,139470],{},[170,139465,139466],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[170,139468,139469],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[170,139471,139472],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[28,139474,31],{"id":30},[33,139476,139478],{"className":35,"code":139477,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[17,139479,139480,139493,139515,139525],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139481,139482,139484,139486,139488,139491],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139483,35048],{"class":114},[42,139485,88],{"class":87},[42,139487,73],{"class":60},[42,139489,139490],{"class":64},"apple,banana,cherry",[42,139492,3689],{"class":60},[42,139494,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139496,43198],{"class":114},[42,139498,88],{"class":87},[42,139500,43203],{"class":114},[42,139502,122],{"class":56},[42,139504,34829],{"class":125},[42,139506,57],{"class":56},[42,139508,61],{"class":60},[42,139510,70],{"class":64},[42,139512,61],{"class":60},[42,139514,143],{"class":56},[42,139516,139517,139519,139521,139523],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,139518,284],{"class":52},[42,139520,57],{"class":56},[42,139522,43230],{"class":125},[42,139524,143],{"class":56},[42,139526,139527],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,139528,139529],{"class":525},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139531,146,139532,139534],{},[17,139533,60895],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[28,139536,4013,139538,4016],{"id":139537},"what-split-does",[17,139539,60895],{},[14,139541,139542,132500,139544,122],{},[17,139543,60895],{},[177,139545,139546],{},"string method",[14,139548,49289],{},[167,139550,139551,139554,139559],{},[170,139552,139553],{},"divides a string into parts",[170,139555,119754,139556],{},[177,139557,139558],{},"new list of strings",[170,139560,119760,139561,139563],{},[177,139562,179],{}," change the original string",[14,139565,219],{},[33,139567,139569],{"className":35,"code":139568,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139570,139571,139584,139598,139602,139612],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139572,139573,139575,139577,139579,139582],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139574,35048],{"class":114},[42,139576,88],{"class":87},[42,139578,73],{"class":60},[42,139580,139581],{"class":64},"red blue green",[42,139583,3689],{"class":60},[42,139585,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139587,43198],{"class":114},[42,139589,88],{"class":87},[42,139591,43203],{"class":114},[42,139593,122],{"class":56},[42,139595,34829],{"class":125},[42,139597,129],{"class":56},[42,139599,139600],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,139601,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,139603,139604,139606,139608,139610],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,139605,284],{"class":52},[42,139607,57],{"class":56},[42,139609,444],{"class":125},[42,139611,143],{"class":56},[42,139613,139614,139616,139618,139620],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,139615,284],{"class":52},[42,139617,57],{"class":56},[42,139619,43230],{"class":125},[42,139621,143],{"class":56},[14,139623,2395],{},[33,139625,139627],{"className":35,"code":139626,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[17,139628,139629,139634],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139630,139631],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139632,139633],{"class":114},"red blue green\n",[42,139635,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139637,4238],{"class":56},[42,139639,868],{"class":60},[42,139641,13450],{"class":64},[42,139643,868],{"class":60},[42,139645,70],{"class":56},[42,139647,862],{"class":60},[42,139649,13467],{"class":64},[42,139651,868],{"class":60},[42,139653,70],{"class":56},[42,139655,862],{"class":60},[42,139657,17814],{"class":64},[42,139659,868],{"class":60},[42,139661,3970],{"class":56},[14,139663,139664,139665,122],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[693,139666,125207],{"href":51338},[28,139668,312],{"id":311},[33,139670,139672],{"className":35,"code":139671,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[17,139673,139674],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139675,139676,139678,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139691],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139677,61538],{"class":114},[42,139679,122],{"class":56},[42,139681,34829],{"class":125},[42,139683,57],{"class":56},[42,139685,133856],{"class":125},[42,139687,70],{"class":56},[42,139689,139690],{"class":125}," maxsplit",[42,139692,143],{"class":56},[14,139694,139695],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[167,139697,139698,139703],{},[170,139699,139700,139702],{},[17,139701,133856],{}," tells Python where to split",[170,139704,139705,139708],{},[17,139706,139707],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139710,9225,139711,139713],{},[17,139712,133856],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139715,219],{},[33,139717,139719],{"className":35,"code":139718,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[17,139720,139721,139734],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139722,139723,139725,139727,139729,139732],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139724,35048],{"class":114},[42,139726,88],{"class":87},[42,139728,73],{"class":60},[42,139730,139731],{"class":64},"one two three",[42,139733,3689],{"class":60},[42,139735,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139737,284],{"class":52},[42,139739,57],{"class":56},[42,139741,444],{"class":125},[42,139743,122],{"class":56},[42,139745,34829],{"class":125},[42,139747,584],{"class":56},[14,139749,2395],{},[33,139751,139753],{"className":35,"code":139752,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[17,139754,139755],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139756,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777,139779,139781],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139758,4238],{"class":56},[42,139760,868],{"class":60},[42,139762,6932],{"class":64},[42,139764,868],{"class":60},[42,139766,70],{"class":56},[42,139768,862],{"class":60},[42,139770,79633],{"class":64},[42,139772,868],{"class":60},[42,139774,70],{"class":56},[42,139776,862],{"class":60},[42,139778,134338],{"class":64},[42,139780,868],{"class":60},[42,139782,3970],{"class":56},[28,139784,1940,139786,139788],{"id":139785},"using-split-with-no-separator",[17,139787,60895],{}," with no separator",[14,139790,70537,139791,139793],{},[17,139792,60895],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139795,139796],{},"Whitespace includes:",[167,139798,139799,139801,139804],{},[170,139800,10803],{},[170,139802,139803],{},"tabs",[170,139805,139806],{},"new lines",[14,139808,139809],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139811,219],{},[33,139813,139815],{"className":35,"code":139814,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,139816,139817,139840,139854,139858],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139818,139819,139821,139823,139825,139828,139831,139833,139835,139838],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139820,35048],{"class":114},[42,139822,88],{"class":87},[42,139824,73],{"class":60},[42,139826,139827],{"class":64},"Python   is",[42,139829,139830],{"class":657},"\\t",[42,139832,133592],{"class":64},[42,139834,658],{"class":657},[42,139836,139837],{"class":64},"and useful",[42,139839,3689],{"class":60},[42,139841,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139843,43198],{"class":114},[42,139845,88],{"class":87},[42,139847,43203],{"class":114},[42,139849,122],{"class":56},[42,139851,34829],{"class":125},[42,139853,129],{"class":56},[42,139855,139856],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,139857,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,139859,139860,139862,139864,139866],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,139861,284],{"class":52},[42,139863,57],{"class":56},[42,139865,43230],{"class":125},[42,139867,143],{"class":56},[14,139869,2395],{},[33,139871,139873],{"className":35,"code":139872,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[17,139874,139875],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139876,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139916,139918],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139878,4238],{"class":56},[42,139880,868],{"class":60},[42,139882,7644],{"class":64},[42,139884,868],{"class":60},[42,139886,70],{"class":56},[42,139888,862],{"class":60},[42,139890,12549],{"class":64},[42,139892,868],{"class":60},[42,139894,70],{"class":56},[42,139896,862],{"class":60},[42,139898,133592],{"class":64},[42,139900,868],{"class":60},[42,139902,70],{"class":56},[42,139904,862],{"class":60},[42,139906,130217],{"class":64},[42,139908,868],{"class":60},[42,139910,70],{"class":56},[42,139912,862],{"class":60},[42,139914,139915],{"class":64},"useful",[42,139917,868],{"class":60},[42,139919,3970],{"class":56},[14,139921,139922],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1073,139924,139926,10937,139928],{"id":139925},"split-vs-split",[17,139927,60895],{},[17,139929,139930],{},"split(' ')",[14,139932,139933],{},"These are not the same.",[33,139935,139937],{"className":35,"code":139936,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[17,139938,139939,139952,139956,139970],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139940,139941,139943,139945,139947,139950],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,139942,35048],{"class":114},[42,139944,88],{"class":87},[42,139946,73],{"class":60},[42,139948,139949],{"class":64},"a  b   c",[42,139951,3689],{"class":60},[42,139953,139954],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,139955,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,139957,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,139959,284],{"class":52},[42,139961,57],{"class":56},[42,139963,444],{"class":125},[42,139965,122],{"class":56},[42,139967,34829],{"class":125},[42,139969,584],{"class":56},[42,139971,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,139973,284],{"class":52},[42,139975,57],{"class":56},[42,139977,444],{"class":125},[42,139979,122],{"class":56},[42,139981,34829],{"class":125},[42,139983,57],{"class":56},[42,139985,61],{"class":60},[42,139987,73],{"class":60},[42,139989,842],{"class":56},[14,139991,2395],{},[33,139993,139995],{"className":35,"code":139994,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[17,139996,139997,140025],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,139998,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140000,4238],{"class":56},[42,140002,868],{"class":60},[42,140004,693],{"class":64},[42,140006,868],{"class":60},[42,140008,70],{"class":56},[42,140010,862],{"class":60},[42,140012,5102],{"class":64},[42,140014,868],{"class":60},[42,140016,70],{"class":56},[42,140018,862],{"class":60},[42,140020,10090],{"class":64},[42,140022,868],{"class":60},[42,140024,3970],{"class":56},[42,140026,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140028,4238],{"class":56},[42,140030,868],{"class":60},[42,140032,693],{"class":64},[42,140034,868],{"class":60},[42,140036,70],{"class":56},[42,140038,4176],{"class":60},[42,140040,70],{"class":56},[42,140042,862],{"class":60},[42,140044,5102],{"class":64},[42,140046,868],{"class":60},[42,140048,70],{"class":56},[42,140050,4176],{"class":60},[42,140052,70],{"class":56},[42,140054,4176],{"class":60},[42,140056,70],{"class":56},[42,140058,862],{"class":60},[42,140060,10090],{"class":64},[42,140062,868],{"class":60},[42,140064,3970],{"class":56},[167,140066,140067,140072],{},[170,140068,140069,140071],{},[17,140070,60895],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[170,140073,140074,140077],{},[17,140075,140076],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,140079,140080,140081,140085],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[693,140082,126452,140083,11093],{"href":137022},[17,140084,42016],{}," is often useful.",[28,140087,140089],{"id":140088},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,140091,140092,140093,2514,140096,2518,140098,122],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[17,140094,140095],{},"\",\"",[17,140097,133691],{},[17,140099,140100],{},"\"::\"",[14,140102,140103],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,140105,140106],{},"Example with commas:",[33,140108,140110],{"className":35,"code":140109,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,140111,140112,140124,140146,140150],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140113,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140115,35048],{"class":114},[42,140117,88],{"class":87},[42,140119,73],{"class":60},[42,140121,139490],{"class":64},[42,140123,3689],{"class":60},[42,140125,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140127,43198],{"class":114},[42,140129,88],{"class":87},[42,140131,43203],{"class":114},[42,140133,122],{"class":56},[42,140135,34829],{"class":125},[42,140137,57],{"class":56},[42,140139,61],{"class":60},[42,140141,70],{"class":64},[42,140143,61],{"class":60},[42,140145,143],{"class":56},[42,140147,140148],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,140149,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,140151,140152,140154,140156,140158],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,140153,284],{"class":52},[42,140155,57],{"class":56},[42,140157,43230],{"class":125},[42,140159,143],{"class":56},[14,140161,2395],{},[33,140163,140164],{"className":35,"code":78812,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,140165,140166],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140169,4238],{"class":56},[42,140171,868],{"class":60},[42,140173,4418],{"class":64},[42,140175,868],{"class":60},[42,140177,70],{"class":56},[42,140179,862],{"class":60},[42,140181,4427],{"class":64},[42,140183,868],{"class":60},[42,140185,70],{"class":56},[42,140187,862],{"class":60},[42,140189,4436],{"class":64},[42,140191,868],{"class":60},[42,140193,3970],{"class":56},[14,140195,140196],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[33,140198,140200],{"className":35,"code":140199,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,140201,140202,140215,140237,140241],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140203,140204,140206,140208,140210,140213],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140205,35048],{"class":114},[42,140207,88],{"class":87},[42,140209,73],{"class":60},[42,140211,140212],{"class":64},"2024::10::31",[42,140214,3689],{"class":60},[42,140216,140217,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140218,43198],{"class":114},[42,140220,88],{"class":87},[42,140222,43203],{"class":114},[42,140224,122],{"class":56},[42,140226,34829],{"class":125},[42,140228,57],{"class":56},[42,140230,61],{"class":60},[42,140232,77029],{"class":64},[42,140234,61],{"class":60},[42,140236,143],{"class":56},[42,140238,140239],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,140240,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,140242,140243,140245,140247,140249],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,140244,284],{"class":52},[42,140246,57],{"class":56},[42,140248,43230],{"class":125},[42,140250,143],{"class":56},[14,140252,2395],{},[33,140254,140256],{"className":35,"code":140255,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[17,140257,140258],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140259,140260,140262,140264,140267,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279,140281,140284,140286],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140261,4238],{"class":56},[42,140263,868],{"class":60},[42,140265,140266],{"class":64},"2024",[42,140268,868],{"class":60},[42,140270,70],{"class":56},[42,140272,862],{"class":60},[42,140274,2659],{"class":64},[42,140276,868],{"class":60},[42,140278,70],{"class":56},[42,140280,862],{"class":60},[42,140282,140283],{"class":64},"31",[42,140285,868],{"class":60},[42,140287,3970],{"class":56},[14,140289,140290],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,140292,140293,140294,122],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[693,140295,129136],{"href":129135},[28,140297,1940,140299],{"id":140298},"using-maxsplit",[17,140300,139707],{},[14,140302,140303,140305],{},[17,140304,139707],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,140307,140308],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,140310,219],{},[33,140312,140314],{"className":35,"code":140313,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[17,140315,140316,140329,140355,140359],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140317,140318,140320,140322,140324,140327],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140319,35048],{"class":114},[42,140321,88],{"class":87},[42,140323,73],{"class":60},[42,140325,140326],{"class":64},"name:age:city:country",[42,140328,3689],{"class":60},[42,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140332,43198],{"class":114},[42,140334,88],{"class":87},[42,140336,43203],{"class":114},[42,140338,122],{"class":56},[42,140340,34829],{"class":125},[42,140342,57],{"class":56},[42,140344,61],{"class":60},[42,140346,1935],{"class":64},[42,140348,61],{"class":60},[42,140350,70],{"class":56},[42,140352,3325],{"class":2348},[42,140354,143],{"class":56},[42,140356,140357],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,140358,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,140360,140361,140363,140365,140367],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,140362,284],{"class":52},[42,140364,57],{"class":56},[42,140366,43230],{"class":125},[42,140368,143],{"class":56},[14,140370,2395],{},[33,140372,140374],{"className":35,"code":140373,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[17,140375,140376],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140377,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140401,140403],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140379,4238],{"class":56},[42,140381,868],{"class":60},[42,140383,8016],{"class":64},[42,140385,868],{"class":60},[42,140387,70],{"class":56},[42,140389,862],{"class":60},[42,140391,9649],{"class":64},[42,140393,868],{"class":60},[42,140395,70],{"class":56},[42,140397,862],{"class":60},[42,140399,140400],{"class":64},"city:country",[42,140402,868],{"class":60},[42,140404,3970],{"class":56},[14,140406,2503],{},[167,140408,140409,140414,140419],{},[170,140410,140411,140412],{},"Python splits at the first ",[17,140413,1935],{},[170,140415,140416,140417],{},"then splits at the second ",[17,140418,1935],{},[170,140420,140421],{},"then stops",[14,140423,140424],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,140426,52443],{},[33,140428,140430],{"className":35,"code":140429,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[17,140431,140432,140445],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140433,140434,140436,140438,140440,140443],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140435,35048],{"class":114},[42,140437,88],{"class":87},[42,140439,73],{"class":60},[42,140441,140442],{"class":64},"apple banana cherry grape",[42,140444,3689],{"class":60},[42,140446,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140448,284],{"class":52},[42,140450,57],{"class":56},[42,140452,444],{"class":125},[42,140454,122],{"class":56},[42,140456,34829],{"class":125},[42,140458,57],{"class":56},[42,140460,61],{"class":60},[42,140462,73],{"class":60},[42,140464,70],{"class":56},[42,140466,5842],{"class":2348},[42,140468,842],{"class":56},[14,140470,2395],{},[33,140472,140474],{"className":35,"code":140473,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[17,140475,140476],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140477,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140493,140495],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140479,4238],{"class":56},[42,140481,868],{"class":60},[42,140483,4418],{"class":64},[42,140485,868],{"class":60},[42,140487,70],{"class":56},[42,140489,862],{"class":60},[42,140491,140492],{"class":64},"banana cherry grape",[42,140494,868],{"class":60},[42,140496,3970],{"class":56},[28,140498,4013,140500,12060],{"id":140499},"what-split-returns",[17,140501,60895],{},[14,140503,140504,140505,140507,140508,122],{},"The result of ",[17,140506,60895],{}," is always a ",[177,140509,8443],{},[14,140511,140512],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140514,219],{},[33,140516,140518],{"className":35,"code":140517,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[17,140519,140520,140533,140555,140559,140569,140583],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140521,140522,140524,140526,140528,140531],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140523,35048],{"class":114},[42,140525,88],{"class":87},[42,140527,73],{"class":60},[42,140529,140530],{"class":64},"cat,dog,bird",[42,140532,3689],{"class":60},[42,140534,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547,140549,140551,140553],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140536,43198],{"class":114},[42,140538,88],{"class":87},[42,140540,43203],{"class":114},[42,140542,122],{"class":56},[42,140544,34829],{"class":125},[42,140546,57],{"class":56},[42,140548,61],{"class":60},[42,140550,70],{"class":64},[42,140552,61],{"class":60},[42,140554,143],{"class":56},[42,140556,140557],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,140558,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,140560,140561,140563,140565,140567],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,140562,284],{"class":52},[42,140564,57],{"class":56},[42,140566,43230],{"class":125},[42,140568,143],{"class":56},[42,140570,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579,140581],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,140572,284],{"class":52},[42,140574,57],{"class":56},[42,140576,835],{"class":834},[42,140578,57],{"class":56},[42,140580,43230],{"class":125},[42,140582,842],{"class":56},[42,140584,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,140586,284],{"class":52},[42,140588,57],{"class":56},[42,140590,43230],{"class":125},[42,140592,4238],{"class":56},[42,140594,2445],{"class":2348},[42,140596,4226],{"class":56},[14,140598,2395],{},[33,140600,140602],{"className":35,"code":140601,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[17,140603,140604,140632,140646],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140605,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140607,4238],{"class":56},[42,140609,868],{"class":60},[42,140611,37408],{"class":64},[42,140613,868],{"class":60},[42,140615,70],{"class":56},[42,140617,862],{"class":60},[42,140619,58492],{"class":64},[42,140621,868],{"class":60},[42,140623,70],{"class":56},[42,140625,862],{"class":60},[42,140627,58509],{"class":64},[42,140629,868],{"class":60},[42,140631,3970],{"class":56},[42,140633,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140635,855],{"class":87},[42,140637,859],{"class":858},[42,140639,862],{"class":60},[42,140641,8443],{"class":64},[42,140643,868],{"class":60},[42,140645,871],{"class":87},[42,140647,140648],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,140649,85830],{"class":114},[14,140651,140652],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[167,140654,140655,140658,140661],{},[170,140656,140657],{},"loop over it",[170,140659,140660],{},"access items by index",[170,140662,140663],{},"combine items again later",[14,140665,140666,140667,122],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[693,140668,126452,140670,11093],{"href":140669},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[17,140671,133534],{},[14,140673,219],{},[33,140675,140677],{"className":35,"code":140676,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[17,140678,140679,140711,140733,140737],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140680,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140682,43198],{"class":114},[42,140684,88],{"class":87},[42,140686,3957],{"class":56},[42,140688,868],{"class":60},[42,140690,37408],{"class":64},[42,140692,868],{"class":60},[42,140694,70],{"class":56},[42,140696,862],{"class":60},[42,140698,58492],{"class":64},[42,140700,868],{"class":60},[42,140702,70],{"class":56},[42,140704,862],{"class":60},[42,140706,58509],{"class":64},[42,140708,868],{"class":60},[42,140710,3970],{"class":56},[42,140712,140713,140715,140717,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729,140731],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140714,35048],{"class":114},[42,140716,88],{"class":87},[42,140718,73],{"class":60},[42,140720,2345],{"class":64},[42,140722,61],{"class":60},[42,140724,122],{"class":56},[42,140726,133611],{"class":125},[42,140728,57],{"class":56},[42,140730,43230],{"class":125},[42,140732,143],{"class":56},[42,140734,140735],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,140736,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,140738,140739,140741,140743,140745],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,140740,284],{"class":52},[42,140742,57],{"class":56},[42,140744,444],{"class":125},[42,140746,143],{"class":56},[14,140748,2395],{},[33,140750,140752],{"className":35,"code":140751,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"cat-dog-bird\n",[17,140753,140754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140755,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140757,37408],{"class":114},[42,140759,2345],{"class":87},[42,140761,58492],{"class":114},[42,140763,2345],{"class":87},[42,140765,140766],{"class":114},"bird\n",[28,140768,140770],{"id":140769},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140772,140773],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1073,140775,140777],{"id":140776},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[33,140779,140781],{"className":35,"code":140780,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[17,140782,140783,140791],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140784,140785,140787,140789],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140786,35048],{"class":114},[42,140788,88],{"class":87},[42,140790,8231],{"class":60},[42,140792,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140794,284],{"class":52},[42,140796,57],{"class":56},[42,140798,444],{"class":125},[42,140800,122],{"class":56},[42,140802,34829],{"class":125},[42,140804,584],{"class":56},[14,140806,2395],{},[33,140808,140809],{"className":35,"code":38659,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,140810,140811],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140812,140813],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140814,38659],{"class":56},[1073,140816,140818],{"id":140817},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[33,140820,140822],{"className":35,"code":140821,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[17,140823,140824,140832],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140825,140826,140828,140830],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140827,35048],{"class":114},[42,140829,88],{"class":87},[42,140831,8231],{"class":60},[42,140833,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140835,284],{"class":52},[42,140837,57],{"class":56},[42,140839,444],{"class":125},[42,140841,122],{"class":56},[42,140843,34829],{"class":125},[42,140845,57],{"class":56},[42,140847,61],{"class":60},[42,140849,70],{"class":64},[42,140851,61],{"class":60},[42,140853,842],{"class":56},[14,140855,2395],{},[33,140857,140859],{"className":35,"code":140858,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['']\n",[17,140860,140861],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140862,140863,140865,140867],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140864,4238],{"class":56},[42,140866,4110],{"class":60},[42,140868,3970],{"class":56},[1073,140870,140872],{"id":140871},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140874,140875],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[33,140877,140879],{"className":35,"code":140878,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[17,140880,140881,140893],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140882,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140884,35048],{"class":114},[42,140886,88],{"class":87},[42,140888,73],{"class":60},[42,140890,4183],{"class":64},[42,140892,3689],{"class":60},[42,140894,140895,140897,140899,140901,140903,140905,140907,140909,140911,140913],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,140896,284],{"class":52},[42,140898,57],{"class":56},[42,140900,444],{"class":125},[42,140902,122],{"class":56},[42,140904,34829],{"class":125},[42,140906,57],{"class":56},[42,140908,61],{"class":60},[42,140910,70],{"class":64},[42,140912,61],{"class":60},[42,140914,842],{"class":56},[14,140916,2395],{},[33,140918,140920],{"className":35,"code":140919,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"['hello']\n",[17,140921,140922],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,140923,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,140925,4238],{"class":56},[42,140927,868],{"class":60},[42,140929,4183],{"class":64},[42,140931,868],{"class":60},[42,140933,3970],{"class":56},[28,140935,5303,140937],{"id":140936},"when-to-use-split",[17,140938,60895],{},[14,140940,146,140941,140943],{},[17,140942,60895],{}," when you need to:",[167,140945,140946,140949,140952],{},[170,140947,140948],{},"split a sentence into words",[170,140950,140951],{},"split comma-separated values",[170,140953,140954],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140956,140957],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[167,140959,140960,140963,140966],{},[170,140961,140962],{},"cleaning text",[170,140964,140965],{},"parsing user input",[170,140967,140968],{},"processing simple file content",[28,140970,1929],{"id":1928},[14,140972,84601],{},[167,140974,140975,140979,140985,140988,140996],{},[170,140976,50868,140977,131672],{},[17,140978,60895],{},[170,140980,140981,140982,140984],{},"forgetting that ",[17,140983,60895],{}," returns a list, not a string",[170,140986,140987],{},"using the wrong separator",[170,140989,140990,140991,140993,140994],{},"assuming ",[17,140992,139930],{}," behaves the same as ",[17,140995,60895],{},[170,140997,140998],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,141000,141001],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[33,141003,141005],{"className":35,"code":141004,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[17,141006,141007,141019,141037,141041],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141008,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141010,35048],{"class":114},[42,141012,88],{"class":87},[42,141014,73],{"class":60},[42,141016,43191],{"class":64},[42,141018,3689],{"class":60},[42,141020,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141022,444],{"class":114},[42,141024,122],{"class":56},[42,141026,34829],{"class":125},[42,141028,57],{"class":56},[42,141030,61],{"class":60},[42,141032,70],{"class":64},[42,141034,61],{"class":60},[42,141036,143],{"class":56},[42,141038,141039],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,141040,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,141042,141043,141045,141047,141049],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,141044,284],{"class":52},[42,141046,57],{"class":56},[42,141048,444],{"class":125},[42,141050,143],{"class":56},[14,141052,2395],{},[33,141054,141056],{"className":35,"code":141055,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a,b,c\n",[17,141057,141058],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141059,141060,141062,141064,141066,141068],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141061,693],{"class":114},[42,141063,70],{"class":56},[42,141065,5102],{"class":114},[42,141067,70],{"class":56},[42,141069,69610],{"class":114},[14,141071,141072],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,141074,11160],{},[33,141076,141077],{"className":35,"code":43178,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,141078,141079,141091,141113,141117],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141082,35048],{"class":114},[42,141084,88],{"class":87},[42,141086,73],{"class":60},[42,141088,43191],{"class":64},[42,141090,3689],{"class":60},[42,141092,141093,141095,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141094,43198],{"class":114},[42,141096,88],{"class":87},[42,141098,43203],{"class":114},[42,141100,122],{"class":56},[42,141102,34829],{"class":125},[42,141104,57],{"class":56},[42,141106,61],{"class":60},[42,141108,70],{"class":64},[42,141110,61],{"class":60},[42,141112,143],{"class":56},[42,141114,141115],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,141116,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,141118,141119,141121,141123,141125],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,141120,284],{"class":52},[42,141122,57],{"class":56},[42,141124,43230],{"class":125},[42,141126,143],{"class":56},[14,141128,2395],{},[33,141130,141131],{"className":35,"code":43237,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,141132,141133],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141136,4238],{"class":56},[42,141138,868],{"class":60},[42,141140,693],{"class":64},[42,141142,868],{"class":60},[42,141144,70],{"class":56},[42,141146,862],{"class":60},[42,141148,5102],{"class":64},[42,141150,868],{"class":60},[42,141152,70],{"class":56},[42,141154,862],{"class":60},[42,141156,10090],{"class":64},[42,141158,868],{"class":60},[42,141160,3970],{"class":56},[14,141162,141163],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[33,141165,141167],{"className":35,"code":141166,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[17,141168,141169,141182,141204,141208],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141170,141171,141173,141175,141177,141180],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141172,35048],{"class":114},[42,141174,88],{"class":87},[42,141176,73],{"class":60},[42,141178,141179],{"class":64},"apple,banana",[42,141181,3689],{"class":60},[42,141183,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141185,43198],{"class":114},[42,141187,88],{"class":87},[42,141189,43203],{"class":114},[42,141191,122],{"class":56},[42,141193,34829],{"class":125},[42,141195,57],{"class":56},[42,141197,61],{"class":60},[42,141199,70],{"class":64},[42,141201,61],{"class":60},[42,141203,143],{"class":56},[42,141205,141206],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,141207,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,141209,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,141211,284],{"class":52},[42,141213,57],{"class":56},[42,141215,43230],{"class":125},[42,141217,4238],{"class":56},[42,141219,2381],{"class":2348},[42,141221,4226],{"class":56},[14,141223,141224,141225,122],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[693,141226,69623],{"href":69622},[1073,141228,61074],{"id":61073},[14,141230,9225,141231,141233],{},[17,141232,60895],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[33,141235,141237],{"className":35,"code":141236,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[17,141238,141239,141249,141263,141285,141311],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141240,141241,141243,141245,141247],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141242,284],{"class":52},[42,141244,57],{"class":56},[42,141246,444],{"class":125},[42,141248,143],{"class":56},[42,141250,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141252,284],{"class":52},[42,141254,57],{"class":56},[42,141256,444],{"class":125},[42,141258,122],{"class":56},[42,141260,34829],{"class":125},[42,141262,584],{"class":56},[42,141264,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,141266,284],{"class":52},[42,141268,57],{"class":56},[42,141270,444],{"class":125},[42,141272,122],{"class":56},[42,141274,34829],{"class":125},[42,141276,57],{"class":56},[42,141278,868],{"class":60},[42,141280,70],{"class":64},[42,141282,868],{"class":60},[42,141284,842],{"class":56},[42,141286,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,141288,284],{"class":52},[42,141290,57],{"class":56},[42,141292,11515],{"class":52},[42,141294,57],{"class":56},[42,141296,444],{"class":125},[42,141298,122],{"class":56},[42,141300,34829],{"class":125},[42,141302,57],{"class":56},[42,141304,868],{"class":60},[42,141306,70],{"class":64},[42,141308,868],{"class":60},[42,141310,3243],{"class":56},[42,141312,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,141314,284],{"class":52},[42,141316,57],{"class":56},[42,141318,835],{"class":834},[42,141320,57],{"class":56},[42,141322,444],{"class":125},[42,141324,122],{"class":56},[42,141326,34829],{"class":125},[42,141328,57],{"class":56},[42,141330,868],{"class":60},[42,141332,70],{"class":64},[42,141334,868],{"class":60},[42,141336,3243],{"class":56},[14,141338,11524],{},[167,141340,141341,141344,141347,141350],{},[170,141342,141343],{},"what the original string looks like",[170,141345,141346],{},"which separator works",[170,141348,141349],{},"how many items were created",[170,141351,141352],{},"that the result is a list",[28,141354,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,141356,2171,141358,1753,141360,2823],{"id":141357},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[17,141359,60895],{},[17,141361,139930],{},[14,141363,141364,141366],{},[17,141365,60895],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,141368,141369,141371],{},[17,141370,139930],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1073,141373,13060,141375,124779],{"id":141374},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[17,141376,60895],{},[14,141378,141379,141380,56843],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[17,141381,60895],{},[1073,141383,5485,141385,40323],{"id":141384},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[17,141386,139707],{},[14,141388,141389],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1073,141391,141393],{"id":141392},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,141395,29420,141396,141398],{},[17,141397,60895],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[28,141400,2205],{"id":2204},[167,141402,141403,141407,141413,141419,141423],{},[170,141404,141405],{},[693,141406,130057],{"href":129135},[170,141408,141409],{},[693,141410,126452,141411,11093],{"href":140669},[17,141412,133534],{},[170,141414,141415],{},[693,141416,126452,141417,11093],{"href":137022},[17,141418,42016],{},[170,141420,141421],{},[693,141422,125207],{"href":51338},[170,141424,141425],{},[693,141426,69623],{"href":69622},[2245,141428,141429],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":141431},[141432,141433,141435,141436,141441,141442,141444,141446,141451,141453,141456,141465],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":139537,"depth":111,"text":141434},"What split() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":139785,"depth":111,"text":141437,"children":141438},"Using split() with no separator",[141439],{"id":139925,"depth":132,"text":141440},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140088,"depth":111,"text":140089},{"id":140298,"depth":111,"text":141443},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140499,"depth":111,"text":141445},"What split() returns",{"id":140769,"depth":111,"text":140770,"children":141447},[141448,141449,141450],{"id":140776,"depth":132,"text":140777},{"id":140817,"depth":132,"text":140818},{"id":140871,"depth":132,"text":140872},{"id":140936,"depth":111,"text":141452},"When to use split()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":141454},[141455],{"id":61073,"depth":132,"text":61074},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":141457},[141458,141460,141462,141464],{"id":141357,"depth":132,"text":141459},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141374,"depth":132,"text":141461},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141384,"depth":132,"text":141463},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141392,"depth":132,"text":141393},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139446,"description":141466},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141473,"title":141474,"body":141475,"description":143418,"extension":2285,"meta":143419,"navigation":2287,"path":143420,"seo":143421,"stem":143422,"__hash__":143423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141476,"toc":143377},[141477,141482,141487,141494,141567,141572,141577,141582,141598,141600,141670,141672,141674,141694,141696,141741,141746,141748,141846,141851,141855,141860,141864,141867,141909,141913,141916,141961,141965,141968,142018,142022,142027,142079,142081,142086,142097,142102,142182,142184,142196,142205,142212,142227,142229,142344,142350,142354,142357,142362,142504,142507,142514,142516,142520,142528,142597,142603,142652,142657,142662,142664,142684,142686,142752,142754,142758,142761,142765,142806,142808,142841,142846,142849,142876,142878,142921,142928,142933,142943,143009,143013,143021,143026,143077,143081,143084,143086,143095,143097,143147,143149,143256,143258,143263,143270,143276,143279,143310,143315,143317,143324,143332,143341,143344,143346,143374],[10,141478,123452,141480,11676],{"id":141479},"python-string-startswith-method",[17,141481,127820],{},[14,141483,123457,141484,141486],{},[17,141485,127820],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,141488,126518,141489,1327,141491,141493],{},[17,141490,3937],{},[17,141492,4009],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[33,141495,141497],{"className":35,"code":141496,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[17,141498,141499,141512,141516,141541],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141500,141501,141503,141505,141507,141510],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141502,35048],{"class":114},[42,141504,88],{"class":87},[42,141506,73],{"class":60},[42,141508,141509],{"class":64},"Python Beginner Help",[42,141511,3689],{"class":60},[42,141513,141514],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141515,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,141517,141518,141520,141522,141524,141526,141529,141531,141533,141535,141537,141539],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,141519,284],{"class":52},[42,141521,57],{"class":56},[42,141523,444],{"class":125},[42,141525,122],{"class":56},[42,141527,141528],{"class":125},"startswith",[42,141530,57],{"class":56},[42,141532,61],{"class":60},[42,141534,7644],{"class":64},[42,141536,61],{"class":60},[42,141538,5705],{"class":56},[42,141540,44217],{"class":525},[42,141542,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141560,141562,141564],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,141544,284],{"class":52},[42,141546,57],{"class":56},[42,141548,444],{"class":125},[42,141550,122],{"class":56},[42,141552,141528],{"class":125},[42,141554,57],{"class":56},[42,141556,61],{"class":60},[42,141558,141559],{"class":64},"Beginner",[42,141561,61],{"class":60},[42,141563,5705],{"class":56},[42,141565,141566],{"class":525}," # False\n",[14,141568,146,141569,141571],{},[17,141570,127820],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[28,141573,4013,141575,4016],{"id":141574},"what-startswith-does",[17,141576,127820],{},[14,141578,141579,141581],{},[17,141580,127820],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[167,141583,141584,141587,141593,141595],{},[170,141585,141586],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[170,141588,5491,141589,1327,141591],{},[17,141590,3937],{},[17,141592,4009],{},[170,141594,123595],{},[170,141596,141597],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141599,219],{},[33,141601,141603],{"className":35,"code":141602,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[17,141604,141605,141617,141621,141646],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141606,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141608,8226],{"class":114},[42,141610,88],{"class":87},[42,141612,73],{"class":60},[42,141614,7644],{"class":64},[42,141616,3689],{"class":60},[42,141618,141619],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141620,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,141622,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141640,141642,141644],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,141624,284],{"class":52},[42,141626,57],{"class":56},[42,141628,8016],{"class":125},[42,141630,122],{"class":56},[42,141632,141528],{"class":125},[42,141634,57],{"class":56},[42,141636,61],{"class":60},[42,141638,141639],{"class":64},"Py",[42,141641,61],{"class":60},[42,141643,5705],{"class":56},[42,141645,44217],{"class":525},[42,141647,141648,141650,141652,141654,141656,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,141649,284],{"class":52},[42,141651,57],{"class":56},[42,141653,8016],{"class":125},[42,141655,122],{"class":56},[42,141657,141528],{"class":125},[42,141659,57],{"class":56},[42,141661,61],{"class":60},[42,141663,128898],{"class":64},[42,141665,61],{"class":60},[42,141667,5705],{"class":56},[42,141669,44234],{"class":525},[28,141671,312],{"id":311},[14,141673,42748],{},[33,141675,141677],{"className":35,"code":141676,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[17,141678,141679],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141680,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141692],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141682,61538],{"class":114},[42,141684,122],{"class":56},[42,141686,141528],{"class":125},[42,141688,57],{"class":56},[42,141690,141691],{"class":125},"prefix",[42,141693,143],{"class":56},[14,141695,31123],{},[33,141697,141699],{"className":35,"code":141698,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[17,141700,141701,141719],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141702,141703,141705,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141704,61538],{"class":114},[42,141706,122],{"class":56},[42,141708,141528],{"class":125},[42,141710,57],{"class":56},[42,141712,141691],{"class":125},[42,141714,70],{"class":56},[42,141716,36411],{"class":125},[42,141718,143],{"class":56},[42,141720,141721,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141722,61538],{"class":114},[42,141724,122],{"class":56},[42,141726,141528],{"class":125},[42,141728,57],{"class":56},[42,141730,141691],{"class":125},[42,141732,70],{"class":56},[42,141734,36411],{"class":125},[42,141736,70],{"class":56},[42,141738,65405],{"class":125},[42,141740,143],{"class":56},[14,141742,21129,141743,141745],{},[17,141744,141691],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141747,219],{},[33,141749,141751],{"className":35,"code":141750,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[17,141752,141753,141765,141769,141794,141818],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141754,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141756,35048],{"class":114},[42,141758,88],{"class":87},[42,141760,73],{"class":60},[42,141762,60772],{"class":64},[42,141764,3689],{"class":60},[42,141766,141767],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141768,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,141770,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,141772,284],{"class":52},[42,141774,57],{"class":56},[42,141776,444],{"class":125},[42,141778,122],{"class":56},[42,141780,141528],{"class":125},[42,141782,57],{"class":56},[42,141784,61],{"class":60},[42,141786,4183],{"class":64},[42,141788,61],{"class":60},[42,141790,5705],{"class":56},[42,141792,141793],{"class":525},"      # True\n",[42,141795,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,141797,284],{"class":52},[42,141799,57],{"class":56},[42,141801,444],{"class":125},[42,141803,122],{"class":56},[42,141805,141528],{"class":125},[42,141807,57],{"class":56},[42,141809,61],{"class":60},[42,141811,60955],{"class":64},[42,141813,61],{"class":60},[42,141815,5705],{"class":56},[42,141817,21558],{"class":525},[42,141819,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,141821,284],{"class":52},[42,141823,57],{"class":56},[42,141825,444],{"class":125},[42,141827,122],{"class":56},[42,141829,141528],{"class":125},[42,141831,57],{"class":56},[42,141833,61],{"class":60},[42,141835,60955],{"class":64},[42,141837,61],{"class":60},[42,141839,70],{"class":56},[42,141841,38005],{"class":2348},[42,141843,5705],{"class":56},[42,141845,44217],{"class":525},[14,141847,141848,141849,122],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[693,141850,125207],{"href":51338},[28,141852,141854],{"id":141853},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141856,141857,141859],{},[17,141858,127820],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1073,141861,141862],{"id":141691},[17,141863,141691],{},[14,141865,141866],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[33,141868,141870],{"className":35,"code":141869,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[17,141871,141872,141884],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141873,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141875,35048],{"class":114},[42,141877,88],{"class":87},[42,141879,73],{"class":60},[42,141881,4427],{"class":64},[42,141883,3689],{"class":60},[42,141885,141886,141888,141890,141892,141894,141896,141898,141900,141903,141905,141907],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141887,284],{"class":52},[42,141889,57],{"class":56},[42,141891,444],{"class":125},[42,141893,122],{"class":56},[42,141895,141528],{"class":125},[42,141897,57],{"class":56},[42,141899,61],{"class":60},[42,141901,141902],{"class":64},"ban",[42,141904,61],{"class":60},[42,141906,5705],{"class":56},[42,141908,3999],{"class":525},[1073,141910,141911],{"id":36432},[17,141912,36432],{},[14,141914,141915],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[33,141917,141919],{"className":35,"code":141918,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[17,141920,141921,141933],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141922,141923,141925,141927,141929,141931],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141924,35048],{"class":114},[42,141926,88],{"class":87},[42,141928,73],{"class":60},[42,141930,60772],{"class":64},[42,141932,3689],{"class":60},[42,141934,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141936,284],{"class":52},[42,141938,57],{"class":56},[42,141940,444],{"class":125},[42,141942,122],{"class":56},[42,141944,141528],{"class":125},[42,141946,57],{"class":56},[42,141948,61],{"class":60},[42,141950,60955],{"class":64},[42,141952,61],{"class":60},[42,141954,70],{"class":56},[42,141956,38005],{"class":2348},[42,141958,5705],{"class":56},[42,141960,3999],{"class":525},[1073,141962,141963],{"id":53024},[17,141964,53024],{},[14,141966,141967],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[33,141969,141971],{"className":35,"code":141970,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[17,141972,141973,141985],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,141974,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,141976,35048],{"class":114},[42,141978,88],{"class":87},[42,141980,73],{"class":60},[42,141982,60772],{"class":64},[42,141984,3689],{"class":60},[42,141986,141987,141989,141991,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,141988,284],{"class":52},[42,141990,57],{"class":56},[42,141992,444],{"class":125},[42,141994,122],{"class":56},[42,141996,141528],{"class":125},[42,141998,57],{"class":56},[42,142000,61],{"class":60},[42,142002,142003],{"class":64},"wor",[42,142005,61],{"class":60},[42,142007,70],{"class":56},[42,142009,38005],{"class":2348},[42,142011,70],{"class":56},[42,142013,54500],{"class":2348},[42,142015,5705],{"class":56},[42,142017,3999],{"class":525},[1073,142019,142021],{"id":142020},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,142023,142024,142026],{},[17,142025,141691],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[33,142028,142030],{"className":35,"code":142029,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[17,142031,142032,142045],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142033,142034,142036,142038,142040,142043],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142035,126535],{"class":114},[42,142037,88],{"class":87},[42,142039,73],{"class":60},[42,142041,142042],{"class":64},"img_001.png",[42,142044,3689],{"class":60},[42,142046,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142064,142066,142068,142070,142073,142075,142077],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142048,284],{"class":52},[42,142050,57],{"class":56},[42,142052,126553],{"class":125},[42,142054,122],{"class":56},[42,142056,141528],{"class":125},[42,142058,5855],{"class":56},[42,142060,61],{"class":60},[42,142062,142063],{"class":64},"img_",[42,142065,61],{"class":60},[42,142067,70],{"class":56},[42,142069,73],{"class":60},[42,142071,142072],{"class":64},"photo_",[42,142074,61],{"class":60},[42,142076,51454],{"class":56},[42,142078,3999],{"class":525},[28,142080,17778],{"id":17777},[14,142082,142083,142085],{},[17,142084,127820],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[167,142087,142088,142093],{},[170,142089,142090,142092],{},[17,142091,3937],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[170,142094,142095,127137],{},[17,142096,4009],{},[14,142098,142099,142100,7520],{},"This makes it useful in ",[17,142101,7345],{},[33,142103,142105],{"className":35,"code":142104,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[17,142106,142107,142121,142125,142146,142161,142167],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142108,142109,142112,142114,142116,142119],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142110,142111],{"class":114},"command ",[42,142113,88],{"class":87},[42,142115,73],{"class":60},[42,142117,142118],{"class":64},"\u002Fhelp",[42,142120,3689],{"class":60},[42,142122,142123],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142124,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142126,142127,142129,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142,142144],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142128,7345],{"class":48},[42,142130,142131],{"class":114}," command",[42,142133,122],{"class":56},[42,142135,141528],{"class":125},[42,142137,57],{"class":56},[42,142139,61],{"class":60},[42,142141,127344],{"class":64},[42,142143,61],{"class":60},[42,142145,8692],{"class":56},[42,142147,142148,142150,142152,142154,142157,142159],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,142149,135],{"class":52},[42,142151,57],{"class":56},[42,142153,61],{"class":60},[42,142155,142156],{"class":64},"This looks like a command.",[42,142158,61],{"class":60},[42,142160,143],{"class":56},[42,142162,142163,142165],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,142164,27792],{"class":48},[42,142166,108],{"class":56},[42,142168,142169,142171,142173,142175,142178,142180],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,142170,135],{"class":52},[42,142172,57],{"class":56},[42,142174,61],{"class":60},[42,142176,142177],{"class":64},"This is normal text.",[42,142179,61],{"class":60},[42,142181,143],{"class":56},[14,142183,2395],{},[33,142185,142187],{"className":35,"code":142186,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"This looks like a command.\n",[17,142188,142189],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142190,142191,142194],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142192,142193],{"class":114},"This looks like a command",[42,142195,122484],{"class":56},[28,142197,1940,142199,9054,142201,1753,142203],{"id":142198},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[17,142200,127820],{},[17,142202,36432],{},[17,142204,53024],{},[14,142206,2303,142207,1753,142209,142211],{},[17,142208,36432],{},[17,142210,53024],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[167,142213,142214,142219,142224],{},[170,142215,142216,142218],{},[17,142217,36432],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[170,142220,142221,142223],{},[17,142222,53024],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[170,142225,142226],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,142228,219],{},[33,142230,142232],{"className":35,"code":142231,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[17,142233,142234,142246,142250,142279,142312],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142235,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142237,35048],{"class":114},[42,142239,88],{"class":87},[42,142241,73],{"class":60},[42,142243,139731],{"class":64},[42,142245,3689],{"class":60},[42,142247,142248],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142249,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142251,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142253,284],{"class":52},[42,142255,57],{"class":56},[42,142257,444],{"class":125},[42,142259,122],{"class":56},[42,142261,141528],{"class":125},[42,142263,57],{"class":56},[42,142265,61],{"class":60},[42,142267,79633],{"class":64},[42,142269,61],{"class":60},[42,142271,70],{"class":56},[42,142273,2787],{"class":2348},[42,142275,5705],{"class":56},[42,142277,142278],{"class":525},"        # True\n",[42,142280,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142308,142310],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,142282,284],{"class":52},[42,142284,57],{"class":56},[42,142286,444],{"class":125},[42,142288,122],{"class":56},[42,142290,141528],{"class":125},[42,142292,57],{"class":56},[42,142294,61],{"class":60},[42,142296,134338],{"class":64},[42,142298,61],{"class":60},[42,142300,70],{"class":56},[42,142302,6706],{"class":2348},[42,142304,70],{"class":56},[42,142306,142307],{"class":2348}," 13",[42,142309,5705],{"class":56},[42,142311,3999],{"class":525},[42,142313,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,142315,284],{"class":52},[42,142317,57],{"class":56},[42,142319,444],{"class":125},[42,142321,122],{"class":56},[42,142323,141528],{"class":125},[42,142325,57],{"class":56},[42,142327,61],{"class":60},[42,142329,134338],{"class":64},[42,142331,61],{"class":60},[42,142333,70],{"class":56},[42,142335,6706],{"class":2348},[42,142337,70],{"class":56},[42,142339,31302],{"class":2348},[42,142341,5705],{"class":56},[42,142343,5113],{"class":525},[14,142345,142346,142347,142349],{},"In the last example, the ",[17,142348,53024],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[28,142351,142353],{"id":142352},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,142355,142356],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,142358,142359,142360,49710],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[17,142361,41200],{},[33,142363,142365],{"className":35,"code":142364,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[17,142366,142367,142381,142395,142409,142413,142437,142441,142462,142483],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142368,142369,142372,142374,142376,142379],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142370,142371],{"class":114},"filename1 ",[42,142373,88],{"class":87},[42,142375,73],{"class":60},[42,142377,142378],{"class":64},"img_101.jpg",[42,142380,3689],{"class":60},[42,142382,142383,142386,142388,142390,142393],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142384,142385],{"class":114},"filename2 ",[42,142387,88],{"class":87},[42,142389,73],{"class":60},[42,142391,142392],{"class":64},"photo_202.jpg",[42,142394,3689],{"class":60},[42,142396,142397,142400,142402,142404,142407],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142398,142399],{"class":114},"filename3 ",[42,142401,88],{"class":87},[42,142403,73],{"class":60},[42,142405,142406],{"class":64},"doc_303.jpg",[42,142408,3689],{"class":60},[42,142410,142411],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,142412,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142414,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,142416,127747],{"class":114},[42,142418,88],{"class":87},[42,142420,9586],{"class":56},[42,142422,61],{"class":60},[42,142424,142063],{"class":64},[42,142426,61],{"class":60},[42,142428,70],{"class":56},[42,142430,73],{"class":60},[42,142432,142072],{"class":64},[42,142434,61],{"class":60},[42,142436,143],{"class":56},[42,142438,142439],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,142440,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142442,142443,142445,142447,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,142444,284],{"class":52},[42,142446,57],{"class":56},[42,142448,142449],{"class":125},"filename1",[42,142451,122],{"class":56},[42,142453,141528],{"class":125},[42,142455,57],{"class":56},[42,142457,127799],{"class":125},[42,142459,5705],{"class":56},[42,142461,3999],{"class":525},[42,142463,142464,142466,142468,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,142465,284],{"class":52},[42,142467,57],{"class":56},[42,142469,142470],{"class":125},"filename2",[42,142472,122],{"class":56},[42,142474,141528],{"class":125},[42,142476,57],{"class":56},[42,142478,127799],{"class":125},[42,142480,5705],{"class":56},[42,142482,3999],{"class":525},[42,142484,142485,142487,142489,142492,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,142486,284],{"class":52},[42,142488,57],{"class":56},[42,142490,142491],{"class":125},"filename3",[42,142493,122],{"class":56},[42,142495,141528],{"class":125},[42,142497,57],{"class":56},[42,142499,127799],{"class":125},[42,142501,5705],{"class":56},[42,142503,5113],{"class":525},[14,142505,142506],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,142508,75134,142509,142513],{},[693,142510,126452,142511,11093],{"href":130046},[17,142512,126510],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[28,142515,124099],{"id":124098},[14,142517,142518,123910],{},[17,142519,127820],{},[14,142521,127497,142522,1753,142525,127504],{},[17,142523,142524],{},"\"Python\"",[17,142526,142527],{},"\"python\"",[33,142529,142531],{"className":35,"code":142530,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[17,142532,142533,142545,142549,142573],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142536,35048],{"class":114},[42,142538,88],{"class":87},[42,142540,73],{"class":60},[42,142542,7644],{"class":64},[42,142544,3689],{"class":60},[42,142546,142547],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142548,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142550,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142552,284],{"class":52},[42,142554,57],{"class":56},[42,142556,444],{"class":125},[42,142558,122],{"class":56},[42,142560,141528],{"class":125},[42,142562,57],{"class":56},[42,142564,61],{"class":60},[42,142566,141639],{"class":64},[42,142568,61],{"class":60},[42,142570,5705],{"class":56},[42,142572,3999],{"class":525},[42,142574,142575,142577,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,142576,284],{"class":52},[42,142578,57],{"class":56},[42,142580,444],{"class":125},[42,142582,122],{"class":56},[42,142584,141528],{"class":125},[42,142586,57],{"class":56},[42,142588,61],{"class":60},[42,142590,128898],{"class":64},[42,142592,61],{"class":60},[42,142594,5705],{"class":56},[42,142596,5113],{"class":525},[14,142598,127589,142599,122],{},[693,142600,142601],{"href":124179},[17,142602,124182],{},[33,142604,142606],{"className":35,"code":142605,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[17,142607,142608,142620,142624],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142609,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142611,35048],{"class":114},[42,142613,88],{"class":87},[42,142615,73],{"class":60},[42,142617,7644],{"class":64},[42,142619,3689],{"class":60},[42,142621,142622],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142623,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142625,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142627,284],{"class":52},[42,142629,57],{"class":56},[42,142631,444],{"class":125},[42,142633,122],{"class":56},[42,142635,8990],{"class":125},[42,142637,8987],{"class":56},[42,142639,141528],{"class":125},[42,142641,57],{"class":56},[42,142643,61],{"class":60},[42,142645,128898],{"class":64},[42,142647,61],{"class":60},[42,142649,5705],{"class":56},[42,142651,3999],{"class":525},[28,142653,5303,142655],{"id":142654},"when-to-use-startswith",[17,142656,127820],{},[14,142658,142659,142661],{},[17,142660,127820],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142663,9724],{},[167,142665,142666,142669,142672,142681],{},[170,142667,142668],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[170,142670,142671],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[170,142673,142674,142675,1327,142678],{},"Validating text formats like ",[17,142676,142677],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[17,142679,142680],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[170,142682,142683],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142685,219],{},[33,142687,142689],{"className":35,"code":142688,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[17,142690,142691,142704,142708,142737],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142692,142693,142695,142697,142699,142702],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142694,127315],{"class":114},[42,142696,88],{"class":87},[42,142698,73],{"class":60},[42,142700,142701],{"class":64},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[42,142703,3689],{"class":60},[42,142705,142706],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142707,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142709,142710,142712,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142711,7345],{"class":48},[42,142713,142714],{"class":114}," url",[42,142716,122],{"class":56},[42,142718,141528],{"class":125},[42,142720,5855],{"class":56},[42,142722,61],{"class":60},[42,142724,142677],{"class":64},[42,142726,61],{"class":60},[42,142728,70],{"class":56},[42,142730,73],{"class":60},[42,142732,142680],{"class":64},[42,142734,61],{"class":60},[42,142736,69926],{"class":56},[42,142738,142739,142741,142743,142745,142748,142750],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,142740,135],{"class":52},[42,142742,57],{"class":56},[42,142744,61],{"class":60},[42,142746,142747],{"class":64},"This looks like a web URL.",[42,142749,61],{"class":60},[42,142751,143],{"class":56},[28,142753,1929],{"id":1928},[14,142755,23452,142756,122],{},[17,142757,127820],{},[1073,142759,138892],{"id":142760},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142762,142763,123910],{},[17,142764,127820],{},[33,142766,142768],{"className":35,"code":142767,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[17,142769,142770,142782],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142771,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142773,35048],{"class":114},[42,142775,88],{"class":87},[42,142777,73],{"class":60},[42,142779,7644],{"class":64},[42,142781,3689],{"class":60},[42,142783,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798,142800,142802,142804],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142785,284],{"class":52},[42,142787,57],{"class":56},[42,142789,444],{"class":125},[42,142791,122],{"class":56},[42,142793,141528],{"class":125},[42,142795,57],{"class":56},[42,142797,61],{"class":60},[42,142799,37],{"class":64},[42,142801,61],{"class":60},[42,142803,5705],{"class":56},[42,142805,5113],{"class":525},[14,142807,39624],{},[33,142809,142811],{"className":35,"code":142810,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[17,142812,142813],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142814,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142816,284],{"class":52},[42,142818,57],{"class":56},[42,142820,444],{"class":125},[42,142822,122],{"class":56},[42,142824,8990],{"class":125},[42,142826,8987],{"class":56},[42,142828,141528],{"class":125},[42,142830,57],{"class":56},[42,142832,61],{"class":60},[42,142834,37],{"class":64},[42,142836,61],{"class":60},[42,142838,5705],{"class":56},[42,142840,3999],{"class":525},[1073,142842,30009,142844,137374],{"id":142843},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[17,142845,127820],{},[14,142847,142848],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[33,142850,142852],{"className":35,"code":142851,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[17,142853,142854,142862,142866,142871],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142855,142856,142858,142860],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142857,2776],{"class":114},[42,142859,88],{"class":87},[42,142861,125134],{"class":2348},[42,142863,142864],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142865,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142867,142868],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142869,142870],{"class":525},"# This will cause an error:\n",[42,142872,142873],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,142874,142875],{"class":525},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142877,39624],{},[33,142879,142881],{"className":35,"code":142880,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[17,142882,142883,142897],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142884,142885,142887,142889,142891,142893,142895],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142886,2776],{"class":114},[42,142888,88],{"class":87},[42,142890,49266],{"class":834},[42,142892,57],{"class":56},[42,142894,50608],{"class":2348},[42,142896,143],{"class":56},[42,142898,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142900,284],{"class":52},[42,142902,57],{"class":56},[42,142904,2803],{"class":125},[42,142906,122],{"class":56},[42,142908,141528],{"class":125},[42,142910,57],{"class":56},[42,142912,61],{"class":60},[42,142914,3320],{"class":64},[42,142916,61],{"class":60},[42,142918,5705],{"class":56},[42,142920,3999],{"class":525},[1073,142922,37565,142924,9054,142926],{"id":142923},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[17,142925,127820],{},[17,142927,1299],{},[14,142929,142930,142932],{},[17,142931,127820],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142934,142935,142936,142938,142939,122],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[17,142937,1299],{}," or methods like ",[693,142940,142941],{"href":124462},[17,142942,124447],{},[33,142944,142946],{"className":35,"code":142945,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[17,142947,142948,142960,142964,142988],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,142949,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,142951,35048],{"class":114},[42,142953,88],{"class":87},[42,142955,73],{"class":60},[42,142957,60772],{"class":64},[42,142959,3689],{"class":60},[42,142961,142962],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,142963,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,142965,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984,142986],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,142967,284],{"class":52},[42,142969,57],{"class":56},[42,142971,444],{"class":125},[42,142973,122],{"class":56},[42,142975,141528],{"class":125},[42,142977,57],{"class":56},[42,142979,61],{"class":60},[42,142981,60955],{"class":64},[42,142983,61],{"class":60},[42,142985,5705],{"class":56},[42,142987,5113],{"class":525},[42,142989,142990,142992,142994,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143006],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,142991,284],{"class":52},[42,142993,57],{"class":56},[42,142995,61],{"class":60},[42,142997,60955],{"class":64},[42,142999,61],{"class":60},[42,143001,21531],{"class":48},[42,143003,43203],{"class":125},[42,143005,98],{"class":56},[42,143007,143008],{"class":525},"           # True\n",[14,143010,135926,143011,122],{},[693,143012,127488],{"href":123707},[1073,143014,5045,143016,1753,143018,143020],{"id":143015},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[17,143017,36432],{},[17,143019,53024],{}," use index positions",[14,143022,143023,143024,122],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[17,143025,2445],{},[33,143027,143029],{"className":35,"code":143028,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[17,143030,143031,143044,143048],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143032,143033,143035,143037,143039,143042],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143034,35048],{"class":114},[42,143036,88],{"class":87},[42,143038,73],{"class":60},[42,143040,143041],{"class":64},"abcdef",[42,143043,3689],{"class":60},[42,143045,143046],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143047,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,143049,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,143051,284],{"class":52},[42,143053,57],{"class":56},[42,143055,444],{"class":125},[42,143057,122],{"class":56},[42,143059,141528],{"class":125},[42,143061,57],{"class":56},[42,143063,61],{"class":60},[42,143065,143066],{"class":64},"cd",[42,143068,61],{"class":60},[42,143070,70],{"class":56},[42,143072,3325],{"class":2348},[42,143074,5705],{"class":56},[42,143076,3999],{"class":525},[1073,143078,143080],{"id":143079},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,143082,143083],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,143085,17002],{},[33,143087,143089],{"className":35,"code":143088,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[17,143090,143091],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143092,143093],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143094,143088],{"class":525},[14,143096,17014],{},[33,143098,143100],{"className":35,"code":143099,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[17,143101,143102,143114],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143103,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143105,35048],{"class":114},[42,143107,88],{"class":87},[42,143109,73],{"class":60},[42,143111,7644],{"class":64},[42,143113,3689],{"class":60},[42,143115,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138,143141,143143,143145],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143117,284],{"class":52},[42,143119,57],{"class":56},[42,143121,444],{"class":125},[42,143123,122],{"class":56},[42,143125,141528],{"class":125},[42,143127,5855],{"class":56},[42,143129,61],{"class":60},[42,143131,141639],{"class":64},[42,143133,61],{"class":60},[42,143135,70],{"class":56},[42,143137,73],{"class":60},[42,143139,143140],{"class":64},"Ja",[42,143142,61],{"class":60},[42,143144,51454],{"class":56},[42,143146,3999],{"class":525},[14,143148,32442],{},[33,143150,143152],{"className":35,"code":143151,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[17,143153,143154,143164,143178,143200,143226],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143155,143156,143158,143160,143162],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143157,284],{"class":52},[42,143159,57],{"class":56},[42,143161,444],{"class":125},[42,143163,143],{"class":56},[42,143165,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143167,284],{"class":52},[42,143169,57],{"class":56},[42,143171,835],{"class":834},[42,143173,57],{"class":56},[42,143175,444],{"class":125},[42,143177,842],{"class":56},[42,143179,143180,143182,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,143181,284],{"class":52},[42,143183,57],{"class":56},[42,143185,444],{"class":125},[42,143187,122],{"class":56},[42,143189,141528],{"class":125},[42,143191,57],{"class":56},[42,143193,61],{"class":60},[42,143195,141639],{"class":64},[42,143197,61],{"class":60},[42,143199,842],{"class":56},[42,143201,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,143203,284],{"class":52},[42,143205,57],{"class":56},[42,143207,444],{"class":125},[42,143209,122],{"class":56},[42,143211,8990],{"class":125},[42,143213,8987],{"class":56},[42,143215,141528],{"class":125},[42,143217,57],{"class":56},[42,143219,61],{"class":60},[42,143221,128898],{"class":64},[42,143223,61],{"class":60},[42,143225,842],{"class":56},[42,143227,143228,143230,143232,143234,143236,143238,143240,143242,143244,143246,143248,143250,143252,143254],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,143229,284],{"class":52},[42,143231,57],{"class":56},[42,143233,444],{"class":125},[42,143235,122],{"class":56},[42,143237,141528],{"class":125},[42,143239,5855],{"class":56},[42,143241,61],{"class":60},[42,143243,141639],{"class":64},[42,143245,61],{"class":60},[42,143247,70],{"class":56},[42,143249,73],{"class":60},[42,143251,143140],{"class":64},[42,143253,61],{"class":60},[42,143255,3243],{"class":56},[28,143257,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,143259,13060,143261,128298],{"id":143260},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[17,143262,127820],{},[14,143264,143265,143266,1327,143268,122],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[17,143267,3937],{},[17,143269,4009],{},[1073,143271,5513,143273,143275],{"id":143272},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[17,143274,127820],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,143277,143278],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[33,143280,143282],{"className":35,"code":143281,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[17,143283,143284],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143285,143286,143288,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143287,444],{"class":114},[42,143289,122],{"class":56},[42,143291,141528],{"class":125},[42,143293,5855],{"class":56},[42,143295,61],{"class":60},[42,143297,693],{"class":64},[42,143299,61],{"class":60},[42,143301,70],{"class":56},[42,143303,73],{"class":60},[42,143305,5102],{"class":64},[42,143307,61],{"class":60},[42,143309,842],{"class":56},[1073,143311,15260,143313,124788],{"id":143312},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[17,143314,127820],{},[14,143316,129981],{},[1073,143318,2171,143320,1753,143322,2823],{"id":143319},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[17,143321,127820],{},[17,143323,1299],{},[14,143325,143326,143328,143329,143331],{},[17,143327,127820],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[17,143330,1299],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1073,143333,28687,143335,1753,143337,9054,143339,2823],{"id":143334},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[17,143336,36432],{},[17,143338,53024],{},[17,143340,127820],{},[14,143342,143343],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[28,143345,2205],{"id":2204},[167,143347,143348,143354,143360,143366,143370],{},[170,143349,143350],{},[693,143351,126452,143352,11093],{"href":130046},[17,143353,126510],{},[170,143355,143356],{},[693,143357,126452,143358,11093],{"href":124462},[17,143359,124447],{},[170,143361,143362],{},[693,143363,126452,143364,11093],{"href":124179},[17,143365,124182],{},[170,143367,143368],{},[693,143369,124851],{"href":123707},[170,143371,143372],{},[693,143373,125207],{"href":51338},[2245,143375,143376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":143378},[143379,143381,143382,143388,143389,143391,143392,143393,143395,143405,143417],{"id":141574,"depth":111,"text":143380},"What startswith() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":141853,"depth":111,"text":141854,"children":143383},[143384,143385,143386,143387],{"id":141691,"depth":132,"text":141691},{"id":36432,"depth":132,"text":36432},{"id":53024,"depth":132,"text":53024},{"id":142020,"depth":132,"text":142021},{"id":17777,"depth":111,"text":17778},{"id":142198,"depth":111,"text":143390},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142352,"depth":111,"text":142353},{"id":124098,"depth":111,"text":124099},{"id":142654,"depth":111,"text":143394},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":143396},[143397,143398,143400,143402,143404],{"id":142760,"depth":132,"text":138892},{"id":142843,"depth":132,"text":143399},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142923,"depth":132,"text":143401},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":143015,"depth":132,"text":143403},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143079,"depth":132,"text":143080},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":143406},[143407,143409,143411,143413,143415],{"id":143260,"depth":132,"text":143408},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143272,"depth":132,"text":143410},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143312,"depth":132,"text":143412},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143319,"depth":132,"text":143414},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143334,"depth":132,"text":143416},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141474,"description":143418},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143425,"title":143426,"body":143427,"description":144881,"extension":2285,"meta":144882,"navigation":2287,"path":144883,"seo":144884,"stem":144885,"__hash__":144886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143428,"toc":144851},[143429,143434,143439,143442,143444,143488,143490,143498,143503,143508,143513,143515,143533,143535,143581,143583,143597,143606,143610,143612,143614,143626,143631,143634,143666,143668,143677,143682,143685,143726,143728,143736,143738,143751,143757,143761,143764,143780,143782,143831,143833,143842,143845,143904,143906,143915,143922,143925,143978,143980,144004,144011,144017,144021,144027,144030,144041,144043,144083,144085,144093,144095,144135,144137,144146,144148,144166,144169,144176,144187,144190,144207,144209,144286,144288,144319,144322,144324,144327,144353,144355,144395,144397,144406,144416,144424,144432,144437,144442,144444,144458,144460,144511,144513,144522,144532,144534,144536,144558,144561,144640,144642,144678,144681,144756,144761,144763,144769,144774,144779,144782,144788,144791,144798,144806,144810,144818,144820,144848],[10,143430,123452,143432,11676],{"id":143431},"python-string-strip-method",[17,143433,42016],{},[14,143435,32677,143436,143438],{},[17,143437,42016],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,143440,143441],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[28,143443,3942],{"id":3941},[33,143445,143447],{"className":35,"code":143446,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[17,143448,143449,143462,143477],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143450,143451,143453,143455,143457,143460],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143452,35048],{"class":114},[42,143454,88],{"class":87},[42,143456,73],{"class":60},[42,143458,143459],{"class":64},"  hello  ",[42,143461,3689],{"class":60},[42,143463,143464,143467,143469,143471,143473,143475],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143465,143466],{"class":114},"clean_text ",[42,143468,88],{"class":87},[42,143470,43203],{"class":114},[42,143472,122],{"class":56},[42,143474,1317],{"class":125},[42,143476,129],{"class":56},[42,143478,143479,143481,143483,143486],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,143480,284],{"class":52},[42,143482,57],{"class":56},[42,143484,143485],{"class":125},"clean_text",[42,143487,143],{"class":56},[14,143489,2395],{},[33,143491,143492],{"className":35,"code":138767,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,143493,143494],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143495,143496],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143497,138767],{"class":114},[14,143499,146,143500,143502],{},[17,143501,42016],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[28,143504,4013,143506,4016],{"id":143505},"what-strip-does",[17,143507,42016],{},[14,143509,143510,143512],{},[17,143511,42016],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143514,13409],{},[167,143516,143517,143521,143524,143527,143530],{},[170,143518,143519,131802],{},[17,143520,42016],{},[170,143522,143523],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[170,143525,143526],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[170,143528,143529],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[170,143531,143532],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143534,219],{},[33,143536,143538],{"className":35,"code":143537,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[17,143539,143540,143553,143557,143571],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143551],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143543,35048],{"class":114},[42,143545,88],{"class":87},[42,143547,73],{"class":60},[42,143549,143550],{"class":64},"  hello world  ",[42,143552,3689],{"class":60},[42,143554,143555],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143556,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,143558,143559,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,143560,284],{"class":52},[42,143562,57],{"class":56},[42,143564,444],{"class":125},[42,143566,122],{"class":56},[42,143568,1317],{"class":125},[42,143570,584],{"class":56},[42,143572,143573,143575,143577,143579],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,143574,284],{"class":52},[42,143576,57],{"class":56},[42,143578,444],{"class":125},[42,143580,143],{"class":56},[14,143582,2395],{},[33,143584,143586],{"className":35,"code":143585,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[17,143587,143588,143592],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143589,143590],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143591,134468],{"class":114},[42,143593,143594],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143595,143596],{"class":114},"  hello world\n",[14,143598,143599,143600,143602,143603,143605],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[17,143601,42016],{},", but the original ",[17,143604,444],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143607,125204,143608,122],{},[693,143609,125207],{"href":51338},[28,143611,312],{"id":311},[14,143613,26845],{},[167,143615,143616,143621],{},[170,143617,143618],{},[17,143619,143620],{},"string.strip()",[170,143622,143623],{},[17,143624,143625],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1073,143627,143629],{"id":143628},"stringstrip",[17,143630,143620],{},[14,143632,143633],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[33,143635,143637],{"className":35,"code":143636,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[17,143638,143639,143652],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143640,143641,143643,143645,143647,143650],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143642,8226],{"class":114},[42,143644,88],{"class":87},[42,143646,73],{"class":60},[42,143648,143649],{"class":64},"  Alice  ",[42,143651,3689],{"class":60},[42,143653,143654,143656,143658,143660,143662,143664],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143655,284],{"class":52},[42,143657,57],{"class":56},[42,143659,8016],{"class":125},[42,143661,122],{"class":56},[42,143663,1317],{"class":125},[42,143665,584],{"class":56},[14,143667,2395],{},[33,143669,143671],{"className":35,"code":143670,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Alice\n",[17,143672,143673],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143674,143675],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143676,143670],{"class":114},[1073,143678,143680],{"id":143679},"stringstripchars",[17,143681,143625],{},[14,143683,143684],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[33,143686,143688],{"className":35,"code":143687,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[17,143689,143690,143703],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143691,143692,143694,143696,143698,143701],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143693,35048],{"class":114},[42,143695,88],{"class":87},[42,143697,73],{"class":60},[42,143699,143700],{"class":64},"!!hello??",[42,143702,3689],{"class":60},[42,143704,143705,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143722,143724],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143706,284],{"class":52},[42,143708,57],{"class":56},[42,143710,444],{"class":125},[42,143712,122],{"class":56},[42,143714,1317],{"class":125},[42,143716,57],{"class":56},[42,143718,61],{"class":60},[42,143720,143721],{"class":64},"!?",[42,143723,61],{"class":60},[42,143725,842],{"class":56},[14,143727,2395],{},[33,143729,143730],{"className":35,"code":138767,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,143731,143732],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143733,143734],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143735,138767],{"class":114},[14,143737,84182],{},[167,143739,143740,143745],{},[170,143741,143742,143744],{},[17,143743,134711],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[170,143746,143747,143748,143750],{},"The order of characters in ",[17,143749,134711],{}," does not matter",[28,143752,143754,143755],{"id":143753},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[17,143756,42016],{},[14,143758,31244,143759,122],{},[17,143760,42016],{},[14,143762,143763],{},"It is useful for:",[167,143765,143766,143771,143774,143777],{},[170,143767,143768,143769,4223],{},"Cleaning ",[17,143770,3289],{},[170,143772,143773],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[170,143775,143776],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[170,143778,143779],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143781,48723],{},[33,143783,143785],{"className":35,"code":143784,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[17,143786,143787,143800,143816,143820],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143788,143789,143791,143793,143795,143798],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143790,8311],{"class":114},[42,143792,88],{"class":87},[42,143794,73],{"class":60},[42,143796,143797],{"class":64},"  sam  ",[42,143799,3689],{"class":60},[42,143801,143802,143805,143807,143810,143812,143814],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143803,143804],{"class":114},"clean_username ",[42,143806,88],{"class":87},[42,143808,143809],{"class":114}," username",[42,143811,122],{"class":56},[42,143813,1317],{"class":125},[42,143815,129],{"class":56},[42,143817,143818],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,143819,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,143821,143822,143824,143826,143829],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,143823,284],{"class":52},[42,143825,57],{"class":56},[42,143827,143828],{"class":125},"clean_username",[42,143830,143],{"class":56},[14,143832,2395],{},[33,143834,143836],{"className":35,"code":143835,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"sam\n",[17,143837,143838],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143839,143840],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143841,143835],{"class":114},[14,143843,143844],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[33,143846,143848],{"className":35,"code":143847,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[17,143849,143850,143863,143867,143889],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143851,143852,143854,143856,143858,143861],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143853,136695],{"class":114},[42,143855,88],{"class":87},[42,143857,73],{"class":60},[42,143859,143860],{"class":64}," yes  ",[42,143862,3689],{"class":60},[42,143864,143865],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143866,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,143868,143869,143871,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,143870,7345],{"class":48},[42,143872,136715],{"class":114},[42,143874,122],{"class":56},[42,143876,1317],{"class":125},[42,143878,7713],{"class":56},[42,143880,6754],{"class":87},[42,143882,73],{"class":60},[42,143884,9007],{"class":64},[42,143886,61],{"class":60},[42,143888,108],{"class":56},[42,143890,143891,143893,143895,143897,143900,143902],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,143892,135],{"class":52},[42,143894,57],{"class":56},[42,143896,61],{"class":60},[42,143898,143899],{"class":64},"Matched",[42,143901,61],{"class":60},[42,143903,143],{"class":56},[14,143905,2395],{},[33,143907,143909],{"className":35,"code":143908,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Matched\n",[17,143910,143911],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143912,143913],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143914,143908],{"class":114},[14,143916,143917,143918,122],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[693,143919,143921],{"href":143920},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143923,143924],{},"Example with file-style text:",[33,143926,143928],{"className":35,"code":143927,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[17,143929,143930,143946,143960],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143931,143932,143935,143937,143939,143942,143944],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143933,143934],{"class":114},"line ",[42,143936,88],{"class":87},[42,143938,73],{"class":60},[42,143940,143941],{"class":64},"Python basics",[42,143943,658],{"class":657},[42,143945,3689],{"class":60},[42,143947,143948,143950,143952,143954,143956,143958],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143949,284],{"class":52},[42,143951,57],{"class":56},[42,143953,42142],{"class":52},[42,143955,57],{"class":56},[42,143957,44],{"class":125},[42,143959,842],{"class":56},[42,143961,143962,143964,143966,143968,143970,143972,143974,143976],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,143963,284],{"class":52},[42,143965,57],{"class":56},[42,143967,42142],{"class":52},[42,143969,57],{"class":56},[42,143971,44],{"class":125},[42,143973,122],{"class":56},[42,143975,1317],{"class":125},[42,143977,6636],{"class":56},[14,143979,2395],{},[33,143981,143983],{"className":35,"code":143982,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[17,143984,143985,143996],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,143986,143987,143989,143991,143994],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,143988,868],{"class":43690},[42,143990,143941],{"class":43694},[42,143992,658],{"class":143993},"sfi6f",[42,143995,30059],{"class":43690},[42,143997,143998,144000,144002],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,143999,868],{"class":43690},[42,144001,143941],{"class":43694},[42,144003,30059],{"class":43690},[14,144005,1940,144006,144008,144009,122],{},[17,144007,122666],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[17,144010,658],{},[14,144012,144013,144014,122],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[693,144015,144016],{"href":1330},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[28,144018,144020],{"id":144019},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,144022,144023,144024,122],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[17,144025,144026],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,144028,144029],{},"Python will:",[167,144031,144032,144035,144038],{},[170,144033,144034],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[170,144036,144037],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[170,144039,144040],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,144042,219],{},[33,144044,144046],{"className":35,"code":144045,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[17,144047,144048,144061],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144049,144050,144052,144054,144056,144059],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144051,35048],{"class":114},[42,144053,88],{"class":87},[42,144055,73],{"class":60},[42,144057,144058],{"class":64},"??hello!!",[42,144060,3689],{"class":60},[42,144062,144063,144065,144067,144069,144071,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144064,284],{"class":52},[42,144066,57],{"class":56},[42,144068,444],{"class":125},[42,144070,122],{"class":56},[42,144072,1317],{"class":125},[42,144074,57],{"class":56},[42,144076,61],{"class":60},[42,144078,143721],{"class":64},[42,144080,61],{"class":60},[42,144082,842],{"class":56},[14,144084,2395],{},[33,144086,144087],{"className":35,"code":138767,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,144088,144089],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144090,144091],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144092,138767],{"class":114},[14,144094,52443],{},[33,144096,144098],{"className":35,"code":144097,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[17,144099,144100,144113],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144101,144102,144104,144106,144108,144111],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144103,35048],{"class":114},[42,144105,88],{"class":87},[42,144107,73],{"class":60},[42,144109,144110],{"class":64},"abcHelloCba",[42,144112,3689],{"class":60},[42,144114,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144116,284],{"class":52},[42,144118,57],{"class":56},[42,144120,444],{"class":125},[42,144122,122],{"class":56},[42,144124,1317],{"class":125},[42,144126,57],{"class":56},[42,144128,61],{"class":60},[42,144130,41923],{"class":64},[42,144132,61],{"class":60},[42,144134,842],{"class":56},[14,144136,2395],{},[33,144138,144140],{"className":35,"code":144139,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"HelloC\n",[17,144141,144142],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144143,144144],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144145,144139],{"class":114},[14,144147,6581],{},[14,144149,144150,1518,144153,144155,144156,144158,144159,2514,144161,2518,144163,144165],{},[17,144151,144152],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[177,144154,179],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[17,144157,41923],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[17,144160,693],{},[17,144162,5102],{},[17,144164,10090],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,144167,144168],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,144170,144171,144172,6978],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[693,144173,144174],{"href":130033},[17,144175,124623],{},[28,144177,144179,10937,144181,10937,144184],{"id":144178},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[17,144180,42016],{},[17,144182,144183],{},"lstrip()",[17,144185,144186],{},"rstrip()",[14,144188,144189],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[167,144191,144192,144197,144202],{},[170,144193,144194,144196],{},[17,144195,42016],{}," removes from both ends",[170,144198,144199,144201],{},[17,144200,144183],{}," removes from the left side only",[170,144203,144204,144206],{},[17,144205,144186],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,144208,219],{},[33,144210,144212],{"className":35,"code":144211,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[17,144213,144214,144226,144230,144248,144267],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144215,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144217,35048],{"class":114},[42,144219,88],{"class":87},[42,144221,73],{"class":60},[42,144223,143459],{"class":64},[42,144225,3689],{"class":60},[42,144227,144228],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144229,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,144231,144232,144234,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,144233,284],{"class":52},[42,144235,57],{"class":56},[42,144237,42142],{"class":52},[42,144239,57],{"class":56},[42,144241,444],{"class":125},[42,144243,122],{"class":56},[42,144245,1317],{"class":125},[42,144247,6636],{"class":56},[42,144249,144250,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144265],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,144251,284],{"class":52},[42,144253,57],{"class":56},[42,144255,42142],{"class":52},[42,144257,57],{"class":56},[42,144259,444],{"class":125},[42,144261,122],{"class":56},[42,144263,144264],{"class":125},"lstrip",[42,144266,6636],{"class":56},[42,144268,144269,144271,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144284],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,144270,284],{"class":52},[42,144272,57],{"class":56},[42,144274,42142],{"class":52},[42,144276,57],{"class":56},[42,144278,444],{"class":125},[42,144280,122],{"class":56},[42,144282,144283],{"class":125},"rstrip",[42,144285,6636],{"class":56},[14,144287,2395],{},[33,144289,144291],{"className":35,"code":144290,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[17,144292,144293,144301,144310],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144294,144295,144297,144299],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144296,868],{"class":43690},[42,144298,4183],{"class":43694},[42,144300,30059],{"class":43690},[42,144302,144303,144305,144308],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144304,868],{"class":43690},[42,144306,144307],{"class":43694},"hello  ",[42,144309,30059],{"class":43690},[42,144311,144312,144314,144317],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,144313,868],{"class":43690},[42,144315,144316],{"class":43694},"  hello",[42,144318,30059],{"class":43690},[14,144320,144321],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[28,144323,108460],{"id":108459},[14,144325,144326],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[167,144328,144329,144337,144347,144350],{},[170,144330,144331,144333,144334,144336],{},[17,144332,144152],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[17,144335,41892],{}," once",[170,144338,144339,144340,2514,144342,2518,144344,144346],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[17,144341,693],{},[17,144343,5102],{},[17,144345,10090],{}," from both ends",[170,144348,144349],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[170,144351,144352],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,144354,219],{},[33,144356,144358],{"className":35,"code":144357,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[17,144359,144360,144373],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144361,144362,144364,144366,144368,144371],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144363,126535],{"class":114},[42,144365,88],{"class":87},[42,144367,73],{"class":60},[42,144369,144370],{"class":64},"txt_report.txt",[42,144372,3689],{"class":60},[42,144374,144375,144377,144379,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389,144391,144393],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144376,284],{"class":52},[42,144378,57],{"class":56},[42,144380,126553],{"class":125},[42,144382,122],{"class":56},[42,144384,1317],{"class":125},[42,144386,57],{"class":56},[42,144388,61],{"class":60},[42,144390,126588],{"class":64},[42,144392,61],{"class":60},[42,144394,842],{"class":56},[14,144396,2395],{},[33,144398,144400],{"className":35,"code":144399,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"_report\n",[17,144401,144402],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144403,144404],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144405,144399],{"class":114},[14,144407,144408,144409,2514,144411,2518,144413,144415],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[17,144410,122],{},[17,144412,63651],{},[17,144414,2498],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,144417,54017,144418,5125,144421,144423],{},[17,144419,144420],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[177,144422,179],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,144425,144426,144427,144431],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[693,144428,144429],{"href":130033},[17,144430,124623],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[28,144433,5303,144435],{"id":144434},"when-to-use-strip",[17,144436,42016],{},[14,144438,146,144439,144441],{},[17,144440,42016],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,144443,36786],{},[167,144445,144446,144450,144452,144455],{},[170,144447,143768,144448,4223],{},[17,144449,3289],{},[170,144451,143773],{},[170,144453,144454],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[170,144456,144457],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,144459,219],{},[33,144461,144463],{"className":35,"code":144462,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[17,144464,144465,144479,144483,144496],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144466,144467,144470,144472,144474,144477],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144468,144469],{"class":114},"email ",[42,144471,88],{"class":87},[42,144473,73],{"class":60},[42,144475,144476],{"class":64},"  user@example.com  ",[42,144478,3689],{"class":60},[42,144480,144481],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144482,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,144484,144485,144487,144490,144492,144494],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,144486,7345],{"class":48},[42,144488,144489],{"class":114}," email",[42,144491,122],{"class":56},[42,144493,1317],{"class":125},[42,144495,21953],{"class":56},[42,144497,144498,144500,144502,144504,144507,144509],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,144499,135],{"class":52},[42,144501,57],{"class":56},[42,144503,61],{"class":60},[42,144505,144506],{"class":64},"Email was entered",[42,144508,61],{"class":60},[42,144510,143],{"class":56},[14,144512,2395],{},[33,144514,144516],{"className":35,"code":144515,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Email was entered\n",[17,144517,144518],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144519,144520],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144521,144515],{"class":114},[14,144523,144524,144525,144527,144528,122],{},"You may also combine ",[17,144526,42016],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[693,144529,144530],{"href":124179},[17,144531,124182],{},[28,144533,1929],{"id":1928},[14,144535,84601],{},[167,144537,144538,144542,144547,144552],{},[170,144539,8803,144540,131672],{},[17,144541,42016],{},[170,144543,8803,144544,144546],{},[17,144545,42016],{}," to remove text from the middle",[170,144548,1940,144549,144551],{},[17,144550,144420],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[170,144553,5045,144554,144557],{},[17,144555,144556],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144559,144560],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[33,144562,144564],{"className":35,"code":144563,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[17,144565,144566,144580,144584,144594,144608,144622],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144567,144568,144570,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144569,35048],{"class":114},[42,144571,88],{"class":87},[42,144573,73],{"class":60},[42,144575,144316],{"class":64},[42,144577,658],{"class":657},[42,144579,3689],{"class":60},[42,144581,144582],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144583,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,144587,284],{"class":52},[42,144589,57],{"class":56},[42,144591,444],{"class":125},[42,144593,143],{"class":56},[42,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,144597,284],{"class":52},[42,144599,57],{"class":56},[42,144601,42142],{"class":52},[42,144603,57],{"class":56},[42,144605,444],{"class":125},[42,144607,842],{"class":56},[42,144609,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,144611,284],{"class":52},[42,144613,57],{"class":56},[42,144615,444],{"class":125},[42,144617,122],{"class":56},[42,144619,1317],{"class":125},[42,144621,584],{"class":56},[42,144623,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,144625,284],{"class":52},[42,144627,57],{"class":56},[42,144629,42142],{"class":52},[42,144631,57],{"class":56},[42,144633,444],{"class":125},[42,144635,122],{"class":56},[42,144637,1317],{"class":125},[42,144639,6636],{"class":56},[14,144641,2395],{},[33,144643,144645],{"className":35,"code":144644,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[17,144646,144647,144652,144656,144666,144670],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144648,144649],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144650,144651],{"class":114},"  hello\n",[42,144653,144654],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144655,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,144657,144658,144660,144662,144664],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,144659,868],{"class":43690},[42,144661,144316],{"class":43694},[42,144663,658],{"class":143993},[42,144665,30059],{"class":43690},[42,144667,144668],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,144669,138767],{"class":114},[42,144671,144672,144674,144676],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,144673,868],{"class":43690},[42,144675,4183],{"class":43694},[42,144677,30059],{"class":43690},[14,144679,144680],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[33,144682,144684],{"className":35,"code":144683,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[17,144685,144686,144696,144710,144724,144742],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144687,144688,144690,144692,144694],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144689,284],{"class":52},[42,144691,57],{"class":56},[42,144693,444],{"class":125},[42,144695,143],{"class":56},[42,144697,144698,144700,144702,144704,144706,144708],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144699,284],{"class":52},[42,144701,57],{"class":56},[42,144703,42142],{"class":52},[42,144705,57],{"class":56},[42,144707,444],{"class":125},[42,144709,842],{"class":56},[42,144711,144712,144714,144716,144718,144720,144722],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,144713,284],{"class":52},[42,144715,57],{"class":56},[42,144717,444],{"class":125},[42,144719,122],{"class":56},[42,144721,1317],{"class":125},[42,144723,584],{"class":56},[42,144725,144726,144728,144730,144732,144734,144736,144738,144740],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,144727,284],{"class":52},[42,144729,57],{"class":56},[42,144731,42142],{"class":52},[42,144733,57],{"class":56},[42,144735,444],{"class":125},[42,144737,122],{"class":56},[42,144739,1317],{"class":125},[42,144741,6636],{"class":56},[42,144743,144744,144746,144748,144750,144752,144754],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,144745,32512],{"class":52},[42,144747,57],{"class":56},[42,144749,3775],{"class":834},[42,144751,122],{"class":56},[42,144753,1317],{"class":2022},[42,144755,143],{"class":56},[14,144757,144758,144760],{},[17,144759,122666],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[28,144762,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,144764,13060,144766,144768],{"id":144765},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[17,144767,42016],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144770,46728,144771,144773],{},[17,144772,42016],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1073,144775,13060,144777,124779],{"id":144776},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[17,144778,42016],{},[14,144780,144781],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1073,144783,5485,144785,144787],{"id":144784},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[17,144786,42016],{}," remove by default?",[14,144789,144790],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1073,144792,34566,144794,34569,144796,2823],{"id":144793},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[17,144795,42016],{},[17,144797,124623],{},[14,144799,144800,144802,144803,144805],{},[17,144801,42016],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[17,144804,124623],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1073,144807,144809],{"id":144808},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144811,128325,144812,144814,144815,144817],{},[17,144813,144183],{}," for the left side and ",[17,144816,144186],{}," for the right side.",[28,144819,2205],{"id":2204},[167,144821,144822,144828,144834,144839,144844],{},[170,144823,144824],{},[693,144825,126452,144826,11093],{"href":124179},[17,144827,124182],{},[170,144829,144830],{},[693,144831,126452,144832,11093],{"href":130033},[17,144833,124623],{},[170,144835,144836],{},[693,144837,144838],{"href":143920},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[170,144840,144841],{},[693,144842,144843],{"href":1330},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[170,144845,144846],{},[693,144847,125207],{"href":51338},[2245,144849,144850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":144852},[144853,144854,144856,144860,144862,144863,144865,144866,144868,144869,144880],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":143505,"depth":111,"text":144855},"What strip() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":144857},[144858,144859],{"id":143628,"depth":132,"text":143620},{"id":143679,"depth":132,"text":143625},{"id":143753,"depth":111,"text":144861},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":144019,"depth":111,"text":144020},{"id":144178,"depth":111,"text":144864},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108459,"depth":111,"text":108460},{"id":144434,"depth":111,"text":144867},"When to use strip()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":144870},[144871,144873,144875,144877,144879],{"id":144765,"depth":132,"text":144872},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144776,"depth":132,"text":144874},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144784,"depth":132,"text":144876},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144793,"depth":132,"text":144878},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144808,"depth":132,"text":144809},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143426,"description":144881},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144888,"title":144889,"body":144890,"description":146070,"extension":2285,"meta":146071,"navigation":2287,"path":146072,"seo":146073,"stem":146074,"__hash__":146075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144891,"toc":146040},[144892,144897,144902,144907,144909,144955,144963,144968,144982,144988,144990,144992,145007,145009,145019,145022,145053,145056,145079,145081,145084,145141,145143,145157,145159,145173,145179,145184,145187,145228,145230,145239,145247,145250,145295,145297,145306,145309,145313,145318,145332,145334,145366,145368,145388,145391,145396,145401,145403,145414,145417,145474,145476,145484,145493,145495,145497,145503,145505,145542,145544,145552,145554,145595,145597,145606,145611,145616,145618,145645,145652,145655,145686,145688,145697,145703,145712,145743,145745,145757,145770,145774,145779,145809,145811,145878,145880,145890,145892,145897,145900,145905,145910,145914,145920,145926,145929,145931,145989,145991,145999,146001,146037],[10,144893,123452,144895,11676],{"id":144894},"python-string-upper-method",[17,144896,128330],{},[14,144898,123457,144899,144901],{},[17,144900,128330],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144903,84978,144904,144906],{},[17,144905,128330],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[28,144908,31],{"id":30},[33,144910,144912],{"className":35,"code":144911,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[17,144913,144914,144926,144940,144950],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144915,144916,144918,144920,144922,144924],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,144917,35048],{"class":114},[42,144919,88],{"class":87},[42,144921,73],{"class":60},[42,144923,129171],{"class":64},[42,144925,3689],{"class":60},[42,144927,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936,144938],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,144929,2555],{"class":114},[42,144931,88],{"class":87},[42,144933,43203],{"class":114},[42,144935,122],{"class":56},[42,144937,34838],{"class":125},[42,144939,129],{"class":56},[42,144941,144942,144944,144946,144948],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,144943,284],{"class":52},[42,144945,57],{"class":56},[42,144947,2592],{"class":125},[42,144949,143],{"class":56},[42,144951,144952],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,144953,144954],{"class":525},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144956,144957,144959,144960,144962],{},[17,144958,128330],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[177,144961,179],{}," change the original string in place.",[28,144964,4013,144966,4016],{"id":144965},"what-upper-does",[17,144967,128330],{},[167,144969,144970,144975,144978,144980],{},[170,144971,144972,144974],{},[17,144973,128330],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[170,144976,144977],{},"It works on string values only",[170,144979,133700],{},[170,144981,136418],{},[14,144983,125204,144984,1327,144986,122],{},[693,144985,136424],{"href":136423},[693,144987,125207],{"href":51338},[28,144989,312],{"id":311},[14,144991,2484],{},[33,144993,144995],{"className":35,"code":144994,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"string.upper()\n",[17,144996,144997],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145000,61538],{"class":114},[42,145002,122],{"class":56},[42,145004,34838],{"class":125},[42,145006,129],{"class":56},[14,145008,165],{},[167,145010,145011,145013,145016],{},[170,145012,97625],{},[170,145014,145015],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[170,145017,145018],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,145020,145021],{},"Example with a variable:",[33,145023,145025],{"className":35,"code":145024,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[17,145026,145027,145039],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145028,145029,145031,145033,145035,145037],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145030,8226],{"class":114},[42,145032,88],{"class":87},[42,145034,73],{"class":60},[42,145036,37],{"class":64},[42,145038,3689],{"class":60},[42,145040,145041,145043,145045,145047,145049,145051],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145042,284],{"class":52},[42,145044,57],{"class":56},[42,145046,8016],{"class":125},[42,145048,122],{"class":56},[42,145050,34838],{"class":125},[42,145052,584],{"class":56},[14,145054,145055],{},"Example with a string literal:",[33,145057,145059],{"className":35,"code":145058,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[17,145060,145061],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145062,145063,145065,145067,145069,145071,145073,145075,145077],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145064,284],{"class":52},[42,145066,57],{"class":56},[42,145068,61],{"class":60},[42,145070,4183],{"class":64},[42,145072,61],{"class":60},[42,145074,122],{"class":56},[42,145076,34838],{"class":125},[42,145078,584],{"class":56},[28,145080,11829],{"id":11828},[14,145082,145083],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[33,145085,145087],{"className":35,"code":145086,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[17,145088,145089,145101,145116,145120,145130],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145090,145091,145093,145095,145097,145099],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145092,6500],{"class":114},[42,145094,88],{"class":87},[42,145096,73],{"class":60},[42,145098,4427],{"class":64},[42,145100,3689],{"class":60},[42,145102,145103,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145104,145105],{"class":114},"uppercase_word ",[42,145107,88],{"class":87},[42,145109,38743],{"class":114},[42,145111,122],{"class":56},[42,145113,34838],{"class":125},[42,145115,129],{"class":56},[42,145117,145118],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145119,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,145121,145122,145124,145126,145128],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,145123,284],{"class":52},[42,145125,57],{"class":56},[42,145127,38753],{"class":125},[42,145129,143],{"class":56},[42,145131,145132,145134,145136,145139],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,145133,284],{"class":52},[42,145135,57],{"class":56},[42,145137,145138],{"class":125},"uppercase_word",[42,145140,143],{"class":56},[14,145142,2395],{},[33,145144,145146],{"className":35,"code":145145,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"banana\nBANANA\n",[17,145147,145148,145152],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145149,145150],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145151,70768],{"class":114},[42,145153,145154],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145155,145156],{"class":657},"BANANA\n",[14,145158,112566],{},[167,145160,145161,145166],{},[170,145162,145163,145165],{},[17,145164,38753],{}," keeps its original value",[170,145167,145168,145170,145171],{},[17,145169,145138],{}," stores the returned value from ",[17,145172,128330],{},[28,145174,145176,145178],{"id":145175},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[17,145177,128330],{}," does not change the original string",[14,145180,137084,145181,145183],{},[177,145182,137087],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,145185,145186],{},"So this method:",[33,145188,145190],{"className":35,"code":145189,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[17,145191,145192,145204,145214,145218],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145193,145194,145196,145198,145200,145202],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145195,8226],{"class":114},[42,145197,88],{"class":87},[42,145199,73],{"class":60},[42,145201,18162],{"class":64},[42,145203,3689],{"class":60},[42,145205,145206,145208,145210,145212],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145207,8016],{"class":114},[42,145209,122],{"class":56},[42,145211,34838],{"class":125},[42,145213,129],{"class":56},[42,145215,145216],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145217,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,145219,145220,145222,145224,145226],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,145221,284],{"class":52},[42,145223,57],{"class":56},[42,145225,8016],{"class":125},[42,145227,143],{"class":56},[14,145229,2395],{},[33,145231,145233],{"className":35,"code":145232,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"alice\n",[17,145234,145235],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145236,145237],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145238,145232],{"class":114},[14,145240,21335,145241,145243,145244,145246],{},[17,145242,128330],{}," was called, ",[17,145245,8016],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,145248,145249],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[33,145251,145253],{"className":35,"code":145252,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[17,145254,145255,145267,145281,145285],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145256,145257,145259,145261,145263,145265],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145258,8226],{"class":114},[42,145260,88],{"class":87},[42,145262,73],{"class":60},[42,145264,18162],{"class":64},[42,145266,3689],{"class":60},[42,145268,145269,145271,145273,145275,145277,145279],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145270,8226],{"class":114},[42,145272,88],{"class":87},[42,145274,36351],{"class":114},[42,145276,122],{"class":56},[42,145278,34838],{"class":125},[42,145280,129],{"class":56},[42,145282,145283],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145284,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,145286,145287,145289,145291,145293],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,145288,284],{"class":52},[42,145290,57],{"class":56},[42,145292,8016],{"class":125},[42,145294,143],{"class":56},[14,145296,2395],{},[33,145298,145300],{"className":35,"code":145299,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ALICE\n",[17,145301,145302],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145303,145304],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145305,145299],{"class":657},[14,145307,145308],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[28,145310,145312],{"id":145311},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,145314,145315,145317],{},[17,145316,128330],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[167,145319,145320,145323,145326,145329],{},[170,145321,145322],{},"Numbers stay the same",[170,145324,145325],{},"Spaces stay the same",[170,145327,145328],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[170,145330,145331],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,145333,219],{},[33,145335,145337],{"className":35,"code":145336,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[17,145338,145339,145352],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145340,145341,145343,145345,145347,145350],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145342,35048],{"class":114},[42,145344,88],{"class":87},[42,145346,73],{"class":60},[42,145348,145349],{"class":64},"Room 7, table #3!",[42,145351,3689],{"class":60},[42,145353,145354,145356,145358,145360,145362,145364],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145355,284],{"class":52},[42,145357,57],{"class":56},[42,145359,444],{"class":125},[42,145361,122],{"class":56},[42,145363,34838],{"class":125},[42,145365,584],{"class":56},[14,145367,2395],{},[33,145369,145371],{"className":35,"code":145370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[17,145372,145373],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145374,145375,145378,145380,145382,145385],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145376,145377],{"class":657},"ROOM",[42,145379,6339],{"class":2348},[42,145381,70],{"class":56},[42,145383,145384],{"class":657}," TABLE",[42,145386,145387],{"class":525}," #3!\n",[14,145389,145390],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[28,145392,5303,145394],{"id":145393},"when-to-use-upper",[17,145395,128330],{},[14,145397,145398,145400],{},[17,145399,128330],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,145402,48701],{},[167,145404,145405,145408,145411],{},[170,145406,145407],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[170,145409,145410],{},"Format labels or headings",[170,145412,145413],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,145415,145416],{},"Example: simple comparison",[33,145418,145420],{"className":35,"code":145419,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[17,145421,145422,145434,145438,145460],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145423,145424,145426,145428,145430,145432],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145425,136695],{"class":114},[42,145427,88],{"class":87},[42,145429,73],{"class":60},[42,145431,9007],{"class":64},[42,145433,3689],{"class":60},[42,145435,145436],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145437,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,145439,145440,145442,145444,145446,145448,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145441,7345],{"class":48},[42,145443,136715],{"class":114},[42,145445,122],{"class":56},[42,145447,34838],{"class":125},[42,145449,7713],{"class":56},[42,145451,6754],{"class":87},[42,145453,73],{"class":60},[42,145455,136702],{"class":64},[42,145457,61],{"class":60},[42,145459,108],{"class":56},[42,145461,145462,145464,145466,145468,145470,145472],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,145463,135],{"class":52},[42,145465,57],{"class":56},[42,145467,61],{"class":60},[42,145469,143899],{"class":64},[42,145471,61],{"class":60},[42,145473,143],{"class":56},[14,145475,2395],{},[33,145477,145478],{"className":35,"code":143908,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,145479,145480],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145481,145482],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145483,143908],{"class":114},[14,145485,145486,145487,2514,145489,2518,145491,122],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[17,145488,9007],{},[17,145490,137488],{},[17,145492,136702],{},[28,145494,1929],{"id":1928},[1073,145496,95986],{"id":95985},[14,145498,8466,145499,145502],{},[17,145500,145501],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,145504,17002],{},[33,145506,145508],{"className":35,"code":145507,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[17,145509,145510,145522,145532],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145511,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145513,35048],{"class":114},[42,145515,88],{"class":87},[42,145517,73],{"class":60},[42,145519,4183],{"class":64},[42,145521,3689],{"class":60},[42,145523,145524,145526,145528,145530],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145525,444],{"class":114},[42,145527,122],{"class":56},[42,145529,34838],{"class":125},[42,145531,129],{"class":56},[42,145533,145534,145536,145538,145540],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145535,284],{"class":52},[42,145537,57],{"class":56},[42,145539,444],{"class":125},[42,145541,143],{"class":56},[14,145543,2395],{},[33,145545,145546],{"className":35,"code":138767,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,145547,145548],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145549,145550],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145551,138767],{"class":114},[14,145553,17014],{},[33,145555,145557],{"className":35,"code":145556,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[17,145558,145559,145571,145585],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145560,145561,145563,145565,145567,145569],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145562,35048],{"class":114},[42,145564,88],{"class":87},[42,145566,73],{"class":60},[42,145568,4183],{"class":64},[42,145570,3689],{"class":60},[42,145572,145573,145575,145577,145579,145581,145583],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145574,35048],{"class":114},[42,145576,88],{"class":87},[42,145578,43203],{"class":114},[42,145580,122],{"class":56},[42,145582,34838],{"class":125},[42,145584,129],{"class":56},[42,145586,145587,145589,145591,145593],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145588,284],{"class":52},[42,145590,57],{"class":56},[42,145592,444],{"class":125},[42,145594,143],{"class":56},[14,145596,2395],{},[33,145598,145600],{"className":35,"code":145599,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"HELLO\n",[17,145601,145602],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145603,145604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145605,145599],{"class":657},[1073,145607,19266,145609,137374],{"id":145608},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[17,145610,128330],{},[14,145612,145613,145615],{},[17,145614,128330],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145617,219],{},[33,145619,145621],{"className":35,"code":145620,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[17,145622,145623,145631],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145624,145625,145627,145629],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145626,2542],{"class":114},[42,145628,88],{"class":87},[42,145630,125134],{"class":2348},[42,145632,145633,145635,145637,145639,145641,145643],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145634,284],{"class":52},[42,145636,57],{"class":56},[42,145638,2565],{"class":125},[42,145640,122],{"class":56},[42,145642,34838],{"class":125},[42,145644,584],{"class":56},[14,145646,40016,145647,145649,145650,33961],{},[17,145648,2513],{}," objects do not have an ",[17,145651,128330],{},[14,145653,145654],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[33,145656,145658],{"className":35,"code":145657,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[17,145659,145660,145668],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145661,145662,145664,145666],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145663,2542],{"class":114},[42,145665,88],{"class":87},[42,145667,125134],{"class":2348},[42,145669,145670,145672,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682,145684],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145671,284],{"class":52},[42,145673,57],{"class":56},[42,145675,3775],{"class":834},[42,145677,57],{"class":56},[42,145679,2565],{"class":125},[42,145681,8982],{"class":56},[42,145683,34838],{"class":125},[42,145685,584],{"class":56},[14,145687,2395],{},[33,145689,145691],{"className":35,"code":145690,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"123\n",[17,145692,145693],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145694,145695],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145696,145690],{"class":2348},[1073,145698,37565,145700,145702],{"id":145699},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[17,145701,128330],{}," with title case",[14,145704,145705,145707,145708,145711],{},[17,145706,128330],{}," makes ",[177,145709,145710],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[33,145713,145715],{"className":35,"code":145714,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[17,145716,145717,145729],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145718,145719,145721,145723,145725,145727],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145720,35048],{"class":114},[42,145722,88],{"class":87},[42,145724,73],{"class":60},[42,145726,60772],{"class":64},[42,145728,3689],{"class":60},[42,145730,145731,145733,145735,145737,145739,145741],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145732,284],{"class":52},[42,145734,57],{"class":56},[42,145736,444],{"class":125},[42,145738,122],{"class":56},[42,145740,34838],{"class":125},[42,145742,584],{"class":56},[14,145744,2395],{},[33,145746,145748],{"className":35,"code":145747,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"HELLO WORLD\n",[17,145749,145750],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145751,145752,145754],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145753,136476],{"class":657},[42,145755,145756],{"class":657}," WORLD\n",[14,145758,145759,145760,145764,145765,145769],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[693,145761,145762],{"href":124179},[17,145763,124182],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[693,145766,145767],{"href":130033},[17,145768,124623],{}," changes parts of a string.",[28,145771,145773],{"id":145772},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145775,145776,145777,1935],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[17,145778,128330],{},[167,145780,145781,145788,145795,145802],{},[170,145782,145783,145787],{},[693,145784,145785],{"href":124179},[17,145786,124182],{}," for lowercase text",[170,145789,145790,145794],{},[693,145791,145792],{"href":137022},[17,145793,42016],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[170,145796,145797,145801],{},[693,145798,145799],{"href":130033},[17,145800,124623],{}," for changing parts of a string",[170,145803,145804,1753,145806,145808],{},[17,145805,127820],{},[17,145807,126510],{}," for checks",[14,145810,219],{},[33,145812,145814],{"className":35,"code":145813,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[17,145815,145816,145828,145832,145847,145863,145867],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145817,145818,145820,145822,145824,145826],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145819,35048],{"class":114},[42,145821,88],{"class":87},[42,145823,73],{"class":60},[42,145825,143550],{"class":64},[42,145827,3689],{"class":60},[42,145829,145830],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145831,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,145833,145834,145837,145839,145841,145843,145845],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145835,145836],{"class":114},"cleaned ",[42,145838,88],{"class":87},[42,145840,43203],{"class":114},[42,145842,122],{"class":56},[42,145844,1317],{"class":125},[42,145846,129],{"class":56},[42,145848,145849,145852,145854,145857,145859,145861],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,145850,145851],{"class":114},"loud ",[42,145853,88],{"class":87},[42,145855,145856],{"class":114}," cleaned",[42,145858,122],{"class":56},[42,145860,34838],{"class":125},[42,145862,129],{"class":56},[42,145864,145865],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,145866,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,145868,145869,145871,145873,145876],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,145870,284],{"class":52},[42,145872,57],{"class":56},[42,145874,145875],{"class":125},"loud",[42,145877,143],{"class":56},[14,145879,2395],{},[33,145881,145882],{"className":35,"code":145747,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,145883,145884],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145885,145886,145888],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145887,136476],{"class":657},[42,145889,145756],{"class":657},[28,145891,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,145893,13060,145895,124779],{"id":145894},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[17,145896,128330],{},[14,145898,145899],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1073,145901,13060,145903,137756],{"id":145902},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[17,145904,128330],{},[14,145906,145907,145908,122],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[17,145909,145501],{},[1073,145911,145913],{"id":145912},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145915,145916,145917,145919],{},"They stay the same. ",[17,145918,128330],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1073,145921,28687,145923,145925],{"id":145922},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[17,145924,128330],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145927,145928],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145930,219],{},[33,145932,145934],{"className":35,"code":145933,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[17,145935,145936,145948,145961,145965],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145937,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145939,2886],{"class":114},[42,145941,88],{"class":87},[42,145943,73],{"class":60},[42,145945,37],{"class":64},[42,145947,3689],{"class":60},[42,145949,145950,145952,145954,145956,145959],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,145951,2914],{"class":114},[42,145953,88],{"class":87},[42,145955,73],{"class":60},[42,145957,145958],{"class":64},"PYTHON",[42,145960,3689],{"class":60},[42,145962,145963],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,145964,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,145966,145967,145969,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,145968,284],{"class":52},[42,145970,57],{"class":56},[42,145972,693],{"class":125},[42,145974,122],{"class":56},[42,145976,34838],{"class":125},[42,145978,7713],{"class":56},[42,145980,6754],{"class":87},[42,145982,2891],{"class":125},[42,145984,122],{"class":56},[42,145986,34838],{"class":125},[42,145988,584],{"class":56},[14,145990,2395],{},[33,145992,145993],{"className":35,"code":4318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,145994,145995],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,145996,145997],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,145998,4318],{"class":4190},[28,146000,2205],{"id":2204},[167,146002,146003,146007,146013,146019,146025,146029,146033],{},[170,146004,146005],{},[693,146006,125207],{"href":51338},[170,146008,146009],{},[693,146010,126452,146011,11093],{"href":124179},[17,146012,124182],{},[170,146014,146015],{},[693,146016,126452,146017,11093],{"href":137022},[17,146018,42016],{},[170,146020,146021],{},[693,146022,126452,146023,11093],{"href":130033},[17,146024,124623],{},[170,146026,146027],{},[693,146028,90780],{"href":89789},[170,146030,146031],{},[693,146032,124851],{"href":123707},[170,146034,146035],{},[693,146036,137842],{"href":136423},[2245,146038,146039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":146041},[146042,146043,146045,146046,146047,146049,146050,146052,146059,146060,146069],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":144965,"depth":111,"text":146044},"What upper() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":145175,"depth":111,"text":146048},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145311,"depth":111,"text":145312},{"id":145393,"depth":111,"text":146051},"When to use upper()",{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":146053},[146054,146055,146057],{"id":95985,"depth":132,"text":95986},{"id":145608,"depth":132,"text":146056},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145699,"depth":132,"text":146058},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145772,"depth":111,"text":145773},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":146061},[146062,146064,146066,146067],{"id":145894,"depth":132,"text":146063},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145902,"depth":132,"text":146065},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145912,"depth":132,"text":145913},{"id":145922,"depth":132,"text":146068},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144889,"description":146070},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":146077,"title":146078,"body":146079,"description":147956,"extension":2285,"meta":147957,"navigation":2287,"path":147958,"seo":147959,"stem":147960,"__hash__":147961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":146080,"toc":147906},[146081,146087,146094,146100,146102,146158,146163,146168,146173,146176,146195,146198,146200,146224,146242,146253,146255,146258,146311,146313,146321,146323,146341,146346,146349,146406,146408,146417,146420,146440,146443,146449,146454,146456,146499,146501,146509,146512,146553,146555,146564,146570,146576,146603,146605,146613,146618,146622,146634,146677,146679,146687,146692,146698,146703,146707,146709,146752,146755,146802,146804,146813,146820,146824,146827,146873,146878,146882,146884,146927,146930,146938,146940,146945,146947,146949,146968,146971,146983,146985,147004,147006,147014,147018,147020,147071,147074,147149,147151,147159,147162,147166,147168,147215,147218,147289,147291,147299,147305,147307,147382,147386,147465,147467,147475,147481,147487,147492,147497,147546,147550,147621,147624,147629,147640,147643,147654,147664,147666,147671,147696,147701,147782,147784,147809,147811,147816,147819,147825,147834,147840,147843,147849,147855,147862,147865,147867,147903],[10,146082,3908,146084,3912],{"id":146083},"python-sum-function-explained",[17,146085,146086],{},"sum()",[14,146088,9473,146089,146091,146092,25121],{},[17,146090,146086],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[17,146093,60364],{},[14,146095,146096,146097,146099],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[17,146098,36432],{}," value and a few important limits.",[28,146101,31],{"id":30},[33,146103,146105],{"className":35,"code":146104,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[17,146106,146107,146131,146146],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146108,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119,146121,146123,146125,146127,146129],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146110,3952],{"class":114},[42,146112,88],{"class":87},[42,146114,3957],{"class":56},[42,146116,3320],{"class":2348},[42,146118,70],{"class":56},[42,146120,3325],{"class":2348},[42,146122,70],{"class":56},[42,146124,2781],{"class":2348},[42,146126,70],{"class":56},[42,146128,2787],{"class":2348},[42,146130,3970],{"class":56},[42,146132,146133,146135,146137,146140,146142,146144],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146134,41545],{"class":114},[42,146136,88],{"class":87},[42,146138,146139],{"class":52}," sum",[42,146141,57],{"class":56},[42,146143,3984],{"class":125},[42,146145,143],{"class":56},[42,146147,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,146149,284],{"class":52},[42,146151,57],{"class":56},[42,146153,41574],{"class":125},[42,146155,98],{"class":56},[42,146157,27153],{"class":525},[14,146159,146,146160,146162],{},[17,146161,146086],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[28,146164,4013,146166,4016],{"id":146165},"what-sum-does",[17,146167,146086],{},[14,146169,146170,146172],{},[17,146171,146086],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,146174,146175],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[167,146177,146178,146181,146184,146189],{},[170,146179,146180],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[170,146182,146183],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[170,146185,146186,146187],{},"Adding numbers from ",[17,146188,36558],{},[170,146190,146191,146192,146194],{},"Counting ",[17,146193,3937],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,146196,146197],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[28,146199,312],{"id":311},[33,146201,146203],{"className":35,"code":146202,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[17,146204,146205],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146206,146207,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146208,146209],{"class":52},"sum",[42,146211,57],{"class":56},[42,146213,4057],{"class":125},[42,146215,70],{"class":56},[42,146217,36411],{"class":83},[42,146219,88],{"class":87},[42,146221,2445],{"class":2348},[42,146223,143],{"class":56},[167,146225,146226,146231,146236],{},[170,146227,146228,146230],{},[17,146229,4057],{}," is the group of values to add",[170,146232,146233,146235],{},[17,146234,36432],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[170,146237,146238,146239],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[17,146240,146241],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,146243,146244,146245,146248,146249,122],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146246,146247,4057],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[693,146250,146251,24975],{"href":36555},[17,146252,36558],{},[28,146254,11829],{"id":11828},[14,146256,146257],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[33,146259,146261],{"className":35,"code":146260,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,146262,146263,146283,146297,146301],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146264,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146266,3952],{"class":114},[42,146268,88],{"class":87},[42,146270,3957],{"class":56},[42,146272,2461],{"class":2348},[42,146274,70],{"class":56},[42,146276,6350],{"class":2348},[42,146278,70],{"class":56},[42,146280,38298],{"class":2348},[42,146282,3970],{"class":56},[42,146284,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146286,41545],{"class":114},[42,146288,88],{"class":87},[42,146290,146139],{"class":52},[42,146292,57],{"class":56},[42,146294,3984],{"class":125},[42,146296,143],{"class":56},[42,146298,146299],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,146300,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,146302,146303,146305,146307,146309],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,146304,284],{"class":52},[42,146306,57],{"class":56},[42,146308,41574],{"class":125},[42,146310,143],{"class":56},[14,146312,2395],{},[33,146314,146315],{"className":35,"code":70203,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,146316,146317],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146318,146319],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146320,70203],{"class":2348},[14,146322,12038],{},[167,146324,146325,146330,146336],{},[170,146326,146327,146329],{},[17,146328,3984],{}," contains three integers",[170,146331,146332,146335],{},[17,146333,146334],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[170,146337,146338,146339],{},"The result is stored in ",[17,146340,41574],{},[28,146342,36973,146344,8783],{"id":146343},"using-the-start-value",[17,146345,36432],{},[14,146347,146348],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[33,146350,146352],{"className":35,"code":146351,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,146353,146354,146374,146392,146396],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146355,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146357,3952],{"class":114},[42,146359,88],{"class":87},[42,146361,3957],{"class":56},[42,146363,3320],{"class":2348},[42,146365,70],{"class":56},[42,146367,3325],{"class":2348},[42,146369,70],{"class":56},[42,146371,2781],{"class":2348},[42,146373,3970],{"class":56},[42,146375,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146377,41545],{"class":114},[42,146379,88],{"class":87},[42,146381,146139],{"class":52},[42,146383,57],{"class":56},[42,146385,3984],{"class":125},[42,146387,70],{"class":56},[42,146389,6350],{"class":2348},[42,146391,143],{"class":56},[42,146393,146394],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,146395,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,146397,146398,146400,146402,146404],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,146399,284],{"class":52},[42,146401,57],{"class":56},[42,146403,41574],{"class":125},[42,146405,143],{"class":56},[14,146407,2395],{},[33,146409,146411],{"className":35,"code":146410,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"16\n",[17,146412,146413],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146414,146415],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146416,146410],{"class":2348},[14,146418,146419],{},"This works like:",[167,146421,146422,146427,146432,146436],{},[170,146423,146424,146425],{},"Start at ",[17,146426,2659],{},[170,146428,146429,146430],{},"Add ",[17,146431,3320],{},[170,146433,146429,146434],{},[17,146435,2381],{},[170,146437,146429,146438],{},[17,146439,2387],{},[14,146441,146442],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[28,146444,4013,146446,146448],{"id":146445},"what-sum-can-work-with",[17,146447,146086],{}," can work with",[14,146450,146451,146453],{},[17,146452,146086],{}," works with numeric values.",[1073,146455,40788],{"id":40787},[33,146457,146459],{"className":35,"code":146458,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146460,146461,146485],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146462,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146464,4160],{"class":114},[42,146466,88],{"class":87},[42,146468,3957],{"class":56},[42,146470,3320],{"class":2348},[42,146472,70],{"class":56},[42,146474,3325],{"class":2348},[42,146476,70],{"class":56},[42,146478,2781],{"class":2348},[42,146480,70],{"class":56},[42,146482,2787],{"class":2348},[42,146484,3970],{"class":56},[42,146486,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146488,284],{"class":52},[42,146490,57],{"class":56},[42,146492,146209],{"class":52},[42,146494,57],{"class":56},[42,146496,5702],{"class":125},[42,146498,842],{"class":56},[14,146500,2395],{},[33,146502,146503],{"className":35,"code":2705,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,146504,146505],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146506,146507],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146508,2705],{"class":2348},[1073,146510,146511],{"id":52409},"Floats",[33,146513,146515],{"className":35,"code":146514,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[17,146516,146517,146539],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146518,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146532,146534,146537],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146520,83410],{"class":114},[42,146522,88],{"class":87},[42,146524,3957],{"class":56},[42,146526,41521],{"class":2348},[42,146528,70],{"class":56},[42,146530,146531],{"class":2348}," 3.75",[42,146533,70],{"class":56},[42,146535,146536],{"class":2348}," 1.25",[42,146538,3970],{"class":56},[42,146540,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146542,284],{"class":52},[42,146544,57],{"class":56},[42,146546,146209],{"class":52},[42,146548,57],{"class":56},[42,146550,83446],{"class":125},[42,146552,842],{"class":56},[14,146554,2395],{},[33,146556,146558],{"className":35,"code":146557,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"7.5\n",[17,146559,146560],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146561,146562],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146563,146557],{"class":2348},[14,146565,146566,146567,122],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[693,146568,146569],{"href":2748},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1073,146571,146573,146574],{"id":146572},"values-from-range","Values from ",[17,146575,36558],{},[33,146577,146579],{"className":35,"code":146578,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[17,146580,146581],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146582,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146584,284],{"class":52},[42,146586,57],{"class":56},[42,146588,146209],{"class":52},[42,146590,57],{"class":56},[42,146592,60364],{"class":52},[42,146594,57],{"class":56},[42,146596,3320],{"class":2348},[42,146598,70],{"class":56},[42,146600,38005],{"class":2348},[42,146602,3243],{"class":56},[14,146604,2395],{},[33,146606,146607],{"className":35,"code":47404,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,146608,146609],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146610,146611],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146612,47404],{"class":2348},[14,146614,113656,146615,122],{},[17,146616,146617],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1073,146619,146621],{"id":146620},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146623,146624,146625,146627,146628,1753,146630,146627,146632,122],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[17,146626,3937],{}," acts like ",[17,146629,3320],{},[17,146631,4009],{},[17,146633,2445],{},[33,146635,146637],{"className":35,"code":146636,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[17,146638,146639,146663],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146640,146641,146643,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146642,52329],{"class":114},[42,146644,88],{"class":87},[42,146646,3957],{"class":56},[42,146648,3937],{"class":4190},[42,146650,70],{"class":56},[42,146652,4245],{"class":4190},[42,146654,70],{"class":56},[42,146656,4254],{"class":4190},[42,146658,70],{"class":56},[42,146660,4254],{"class":4190},[42,146662,3970],{"class":56},[42,146664,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146666,284],{"class":52},[42,146668,57],{"class":56},[42,146670,146209],{"class":52},[42,146672,57],{"class":56},[42,146674,52382],{"class":125},[42,146676,842],{"class":56},[14,146678,2395],{},[33,146680,146681],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,146682,146683],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146684,146685],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146686,46980],{"class":2348},[14,146688,146689,146690,122],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[17,146691,3937],{},[28,146693,4013,146695,146697],{"id":146694},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[17,146696,146086],{}," does not work with",[14,146699,146700,146702],{},[17,146701,146086],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1073,146704,146706],{"id":146705},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146708,3168],{},[33,146710,146712],{"className":35,"code":146711,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[17,146713,146714,146738],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146715,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146717,4409],{"class":114},[42,146719,88],{"class":87},[42,146721,3957],{"class":56},[42,146723,61],{"class":60},[42,146725,4183],{"class":64},[42,146727,61],{"class":60},[42,146729,70],{"class":56},[42,146731,73],{"class":60},[42,146733,60955],{"class":64},[42,146735,61],{"class":60},[42,146737,3970],{"class":56},[42,146739,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146741,284],{"class":52},[42,146743,57],{"class":56},[42,146745,146209],{"class":52},[42,146747,57],{"class":56},[42,146749,4453],{"class":125},[42,146751,842],{"class":56},[14,146753,146754],{},"Use string joining instead:",[33,146756,146758],{"className":35,"code":146757,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[17,146759,146760,146784],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146761,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146763,4409],{"class":114},[42,146765,88],{"class":87},[42,146767,3957],{"class":56},[42,146769,61],{"class":60},[42,146771,4183],{"class":64},[42,146773,61],{"class":60},[42,146775,70],{"class":56},[42,146777,73],{"class":60},[42,146779,60955],{"class":64},[42,146781,61],{"class":60},[42,146783,3970],{"class":56},[42,146785,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146787,284],{"class":52},[42,146789,57],{"class":56},[42,146791,6618],{"class":60},[42,146793,122],{"class":56},[42,146795,133611],{"class":125},[42,146797,57],{"class":56},[42,146799,4453],{"class":125},[42,146801,842],{"class":56},[14,146803,2395],{},[33,146805,146807],{"className":35,"code":146806,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"helloworld\n",[17,146808,146809],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146810,146811],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146812,146806],{"class":114},[14,146814,146815,146816,122],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[693,146817,146818,6128],{"href":42538},[17,146819,48045],{},[1073,146821,146823],{"id":146822},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146825,146826],{},"This also causes an error:",[33,146828,146830],{"className":35,"code":146829,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[17,146831,146832,146859],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146833,146834,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146835,146836],{"class":114},"lists ",[42,146838,88],{"class":87},[42,146840,56658],{"class":56},[42,146842,3320],{"class":2348},[42,146844,70],{"class":56},[42,146846,3325],{"class":2348},[42,146848,18421],{"class":56},[42,146850,3957],{"class":56},[42,146852,2387],{"class":2348},[42,146854,70],{"class":56},[42,146856,2787],{"class":2348},[42,146858,53606],{"class":56},[42,146860,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146862,284],{"class":52},[42,146864,57],{"class":56},[42,146866,146209],{"class":52},[42,146868,57],{"class":56},[42,146870,5643],{"class":125},[42,146872,842],{"class":56},[14,146874,146875,146877],{},[17,146876,146086],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1073,146879,146881],{"id":146880},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146883,5816],{},[33,146885,146887],{"className":35,"code":146886,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,146888,146889,146913],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146890,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146892,4160],{"class":114},[42,146894,88],{"class":87},[42,146896,3957],{"class":56},[42,146898,3320],{"class":2348},[42,146900,70],{"class":56},[42,146902,3325],{"class":2348},[42,146904,70],{"class":56},[42,146906,73],{"class":60},[42,146908,2387],{"class":64},[42,146910,61],{"class":60},[42,146912,3970],{"class":56},[42,146914,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,146916,284],{"class":52},[42,146918,57],{"class":56},[42,146920,146209],{"class":52},[42,146922,57],{"class":56},[42,146924,5702],{"class":125},[42,146926,842],{"class":56},[14,146928,146929],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146931,146932,146933,146935,146936,122],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[17,146934,66309],{},", convert them first. See ",[693,146937,3294],{"href":3293},[28,146939,41867],{"id":41866},[14,146941,146942,146943,122],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[17,146944,146086],{},[1073,146946,6871],{"id":6870},[14,146948,4866],{},[33,146950,146952],{"className":35,"code":146951,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(sum(5))\n",[17,146953,146954],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146955,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146957,284],{"class":52},[42,146959,57],{"class":56},[42,146961,146209],{"class":52},[42,146963,57],{"class":56},[42,146965,2461],{"class":2348},[42,146967,842],{"class":56},[14,146969,146970],{},"Why it fails:",[167,146972,146973,146978],{},[170,146974,146975,146977],{},[17,146976,2461],{}," is a single integer",[170,146979,146980,146982],{},[17,146981,146086],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146984,6901],{},[33,146986,146988],{"className":35,"code":146987,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(sum([5]))\n",[17,146989,146990],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,146991,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,146993,284],{"class":52},[42,146995,57],{"class":56},[42,146997,146209],{"class":52},[42,146999,3317],{"class":56},[42,147001,2461],{"class":2348},[42,147003,3332],{"class":56},[14,147005,2395],{},[33,147007,147008],{"className":35,"code":3278,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,147009,147010],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147011,147012],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147013,3278],{"class":2348},[1073,147015,147017],{"id":147016},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,147019,4866],{},[33,147021,147023],{"className":35,"code":147022,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,147024,147025,147057],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147026,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147028,4160],{"class":114},[42,147030,88],{"class":87},[42,147032,3957],{"class":56},[42,147034,61],{"class":60},[42,147036,3320],{"class":64},[42,147038,61],{"class":60},[42,147040,70],{"class":56},[42,147042,73],{"class":60},[42,147044,2381],{"class":64},[42,147046,61],{"class":60},[42,147048,70],{"class":56},[42,147050,73],{"class":60},[42,147052,2387],{"class":64},[42,147054,61],{"class":60},[42,147056,3970],{"class":56},[42,147058,147059,147061,147063,147065,147067,147069],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147060,284],{"class":52},[42,147062,57],{"class":56},[42,147064,146209],{"class":52},[42,147066,57],{"class":56},[42,147068,5702],{"class":125},[42,147070,842],{"class":56},[14,147072,147073],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[33,147075,147077],{"className":35,"code":147076,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[17,147078,147079,147111,147139],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147080,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147082,4160],{"class":114},[42,147084,88],{"class":87},[42,147086,3957],{"class":56},[42,147088,61],{"class":60},[42,147090,3320],{"class":64},[42,147092,61],{"class":60},[42,147094,70],{"class":56},[42,147096,73],{"class":60},[42,147098,2381],{"class":64},[42,147100,61],{"class":60},[42,147102,70],{"class":56},[42,147104,73],{"class":60},[42,147106,2387],{"class":64},[42,147108,61],{"class":60},[42,147110,3970],{"class":56},[42,147112,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147114,41545],{"class":114},[42,147116,88],{"class":87},[42,147118,146139],{"class":52},[42,147120,57],{"class":56},[42,147122,2513],{"class":834},[42,147124,57],{"class":56},[42,147126,2498],{"class":125},[42,147128,98],{"class":56},[42,147130,4215],{"class":48},[42,147132,4218],{"class":125},[42,147134,1299],{"class":48},[42,147136,4223],{"class":125},[42,147138,143],{"class":56},[42,147140,147141,147143,147145,147147],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,147142,284],{"class":52},[42,147144,57],{"class":56},[42,147146,41574],{"class":125},[42,147148,143],{"class":56},[14,147150,2395],{},[33,147152,147153],{"className":35,"code":2987,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,147154,147155],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147156,147157],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147158,2987],{"class":2348},[14,147160,147161],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1073,147163,147165],{"id":147164},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,147167,4866],{},[33,147169,147171],{"className":35,"code":147170,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[17,147172,147173,147201],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147174,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147176,4160],{"class":114},[42,147178,88],{"class":87},[42,147180,3957],{"class":56},[42,147182,3320],{"class":2348},[42,147184,70],{"class":56},[42,147186,3325],{"class":2348},[42,147188,70],{"class":56},[42,147190,73],{"class":60},[42,147192,2387],{"class":64},[42,147194,61],{"class":60},[42,147196,70],{"class":56},[42,147198,2787],{"class":2348},[42,147200,3970],{"class":56},[42,147202,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147204,284],{"class":52},[42,147206,57],{"class":56},[42,147208,146209],{"class":52},[42,147210,57],{"class":56},[42,147212,5702],{"class":125},[42,147214,842],{"class":56},[14,147216,147217],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[33,147219,147221],{"className":35,"code":147220,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[17,147222,147223,147251,147279],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147224,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147226,4160],{"class":114},[42,147228,88],{"class":87},[42,147230,3957],{"class":56},[42,147232,3320],{"class":2348},[42,147234,70],{"class":56},[42,147236,3325],{"class":2348},[42,147238,70],{"class":56},[42,147240,73],{"class":60},[42,147242,2387],{"class":64},[42,147244,61],{"class":60},[42,147246,70],{"class":56},[42,147248,2787],{"class":2348},[42,147250,3970],{"class":56},[42,147252,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147254,41545],{"class":114},[42,147256,88],{"class":87},[42,147258,146139],{"class":52},[42,147260,57],{"class":56},[42,147262,2513],{"class":834},[42,147264,57],{"class":56},[42,147266,2498],{"class":125},[42,147268,98],{"class":56},[42,147270,4215],{"class":48},[42,147272,4218],{"class":125},[42,147274,1299],{"class":48},[42,147276,4223],{"class":125},[42,147278,143],{"class":56},[42,147280,147281,147283,147285,147287],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,147282,284],{"class":52},[42,147284,57],{"class":56},[42,147286,41574],{"class":125},[42,147288,143],{"class":56},[14,147290,2395],{},[33,147292,147293],{"className":35,"code":2705,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,147294,147295],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147296,147297],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147298,2705],{"class":2348},[1073,147300,1940,147302,147304],{"id":147301},"using-sum-to-join-text",[17,147303,146086],{}," to join text",[14,147306,4866],{},[33,147308,147310],{"className":35,"code":147309,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[17,147311,147312,147368],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147313,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324,147326,147328,147330,147332,147334,147336,147338,147340,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358,147360,147362,147364,147366],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147315,36450],{"class":114},[42,147317,88],{"class":87},[42,147319,3957],{"class":56},[42,147321,61],{"class":60},[42,147323,134210],{"class":64},[42,147325,61],{"class":60},[42,147327,70],{"class":56},[42,147329,73],{"class":60},[42,147331,12100],{"class":64},[42,147333,61],{"class":60},[42,147335,70],{"class":56},[42,147337,73],{"class":60},[42,147339,63651],{"class":64},[42,147341,61],{"class":60},[42,147343,70],{"class":56},[42,147345,73],{"class":60},[42,147347,60804],{"class":64},[42,147349,61],{"class":60},[42,147351,70],{"class":56},[42,147353,73],{"class":60},[42,147355,60839],{"class":64},[42,147357,61],{"class":60},[42,147359,70],{"class":56},[42,147361,73],{"class":60},[42,147363,76392],{"class":64},[42,147365,61],{"class":60},[42,147367,3970],{"class":56},[42,147369,147370,147372,147374,147376,147378,147380],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147371,284],{"class":52},[42,147373,57],{"class":56},[42,147375,146209],{"class":52},[42,147377,57],{"class":56},[42,147379,36503],{"class":125},[42,147381,842],{"class":56},[14,147383,146,147384,60896],{},[17,147385,133534],{},[33,147387,147389],{"className":35,"code":147388,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[17,147390,147391,147447],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147392,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443,147445],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147394,36450],{"class":114},[42,147396,88],{"class":87},[42,147398,3957],{"class":56},[42,147400,61],{"class":60},[42,147402,134210],{"class":64},[42,147404,61],{"class":60},[42,147406,70],{"class":56},[42,147408,73],{"class":60},[42,147410,12100],{"class":64},[42,147412,61],{"class":60},[42,147414,70],{"class":56},[42,147416,73],{"class":60},[42,147418,63651],{"class":64},[42,147420,61],{"class":60},[42,147422,70],{"class":56},[42,147424,73],{"class":60},[42,147426,60804],{"class":64},[42,147428,61],{"class":60},[42,147430,70],{"class":56},[42,147432,73],{"class":60},[42,147434,60839],{"class":64},[42,147436,61],{"class":60},[42,147438,70],{"class":56},[42,147440,73],{"class":60},[42,147442,76392],{"class":64},[42,147444,61],{"class":60},[42,147446,3970],{"class":56},[42,147448,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147450,284],{"class":52},[42,147452,57],{"class":56},[42,147454,6618],{"class":60},[42,147456,122],{"class":56},[42,147458,133611],{"class":125},[42,147460,57],{"class":56},[42,147462,36503],{"class":125},[42,147464,842],{"class":56},[14,147466,2395],{},[33,147468,147469],{"className":35,"code":134291,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,147470,147471],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147472,147473],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147474,134291],{"class":114},[14,147476,147477,147478,122],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[693,147479,147480],{"href":135372},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[28,147482,147484,147486],{"id":147483},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[17,147485,146086],{}," vs manual loop",[14,147488,147489,147491],{},[17,147490,146086],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1073,147493,1940,147495],{"id":147494},"using-sum",[17,147496,146086],{},[33,147498,147500],{"className":35,"code":147499,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[17,147501,147502,147522,147536],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147503,147504,147506,147508,147510,147512,147514,147516,147518,147520],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147505,3952],{"class":114},[42,147507,88],{"class":87},[42,147509,3957],{"class":56},[42,147511,2836],{"class":2348},[42,147513,70],{"class":56},[42,147515,6339],{"class":2348},[42,147517,70],{"class":56},[42,147519,54500],{"class":2348},[42,147521,3970],{"class":56},[42,147523,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532,147534],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147525,41545],{"class":114},[42,147527,88],{"class":87},[42,147529,146139],{"class":52},[42,147531,57],{"class":56},[42,147533,3984],{"class":125},[42,147535,143],{"class":56},[42,147537,147538,147540,147542,147544],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,147539,284],{"class":52},[42,147541,57],{"class":56},[42,147543,41574],{"class":125},[42,147545,143],{"class":56},[1073,147547,147549],{"id":147548},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[33,147551,147553],{"className":35,"code":147552,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[17,147554,147555,147575,147583,147587,147599,147607,147611],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147556,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147558,3952],{"class":114},[42,147560,88],{"class":87},[42,147562,3957],{"class":56},[42,147564,2836],{"class":2348},[42,147566,70],{"class":56},[42,147568,6339],{"class":2348},[42,147570,70],{"class":56},[42,147572,54500],{"class":2348},[42,147574,3970],{"class":56},[42,147576,147577,147579,147581],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147578,41545],{"class":114},[42,147580,88],{"class":87},[42,147582,38875],{"class":2348},[42,147584,147585],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,147586,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,147588,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,147590,6303],{"class":48},[42,147592,6733],{"class":114},[42,147594,1299],{"class":48},[42,147596,4603],{"class":114},[42,147598,108],{"class":56},[42,147600,147601,147603,147605],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,147602,90204],{"class":114},[42,147604,90207],{"class":87},[42,147606,90210],{"class":114},[42,147608,147609],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,147610,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,147612,147613,147615,147617,147619],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,147614,284],{"class":52},[42,147616,57],{"class":56},[42,147618,41574],{"class":125},[42,147620,143],{"class":56},[14,147622,147623],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147625,2819,147626,147628],{},[17,147627,146086],{}," is often better:",[167,147630,147631,147634,147637],{},[170,147632,147633],{},"Shorter code",[170,147635,147636],{},"Easier to read",[170,147638,147639],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147641,147642],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[167,147644,147645,147648,147651],{},[170,147646,147647],{},"You need to skip some values",[170,147649,147650],{},"You need extra checks",[170,147652,147653],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147655,147656,147657,147660,147661,147663],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[693,147658,147659],{"href":40371},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[17,147662,146086],{}," on the filtered result.",[28,147665,1929],{"id":1928},[14,147667,147668,147669,1935],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[17,147670,146086],{},[167,147672,147673,147679,147686,147693],{},[170,147674,147675,147676],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[17,147677,147678],{},"sum(5)",[170,147680,147681,147682,147685],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[17,147683,147684],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[170,147687,1940,147688,147690,147691],{},[17,147689,146086],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[17,147692,133534],{},[170,147694,147695],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147697,9225,147698,147700],{},[17,147699,146086],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[33,147702,147704],{"className":35,"code":147703,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[17,147705,147706,147716,147730,147754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147707,147708,147710,147712,147714],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147709,284],{"class":52},[42,147711,57],{"class":56},[42,147713,5702],{"class":125},[42,147715,143],{"class":56},[42,147717,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,147719,284],{"class":52},[42,147721,57],{"class":56},[42,147723,835],{"class":834},[42,147725,57],{"class":56},[42,147727,5702],{"class":125},[42,147729,842],{"class":56},[42,147731,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,147733,284],{"class":52},[42,147735,3317],{"class":56},[42,147737,835],{"class":834},[42,147739,57],{"class":56},[42,147741,2498],{"class":125},[42,147743,98],{"class":56},[42,147745,4215],{"class":48},[42,147747,4218],{"class":125},[42,147749,1299],{"class":48},[42,147751,4223],{"class":125},[42,147753,4226],{"class":56},[42,147755,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,147757,284],{"class":52},[42,147759,57],{"class":56},[42,147761,146209],{"class":52},[42,147763,3317],{"class":56},[42,147765,2513],{"class":834},[42,147767,57],{"class":56},[42,147769,2498],{"class":125},[42,147771,98],{"class":56},[42,147773,4215],{"class":48},[42,147775,4218],{"class":125},[42,147777,1299],{"class":48},[42,147779,4223],{"class":125},[42,147781,3332],{"class":56},[14,147783,136105],{},[167,147785,147786,147792,147798,147803],{},[170,147787,147788,147791],{},[17,147789,147790],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[170,147793,147794,147797],{},[17,147795,147796],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[170,147799,147800,136127],{},[17,147801,147802],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[170,147804,147805,147808],{},[17,147806,147807],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[28,147810,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,147812,5485,147814,5488],{"id":147813},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[17,147815,146086],{},[14,147817,147818],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1073,147820,5513,147822,147824],{"id":147821},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[17,147823,146086],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147826,30629,147827,1327,147830,147833],{},[17,147828,147829],{},"''.join(...)",[17,147831,147832],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1073,147835,5513,147837,147839],{"id":147836},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[17,147838,146086],{}," work with floats?",[14,147841,147842],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1073,147844,147846,147847,2823],{"id":147845},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[17,147848,146086],{},[14,147850,147851,147852,147854],{},"It is the optional ",[17,147853,36432],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1073,147856,5501,147858,119490,147860,2823],{"id":147857},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[17,147859,146086],{},[17,147861,3338],{},[14,147863,147864],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[28,147866,2205],{"id":2204},[167,147868,147869,147873,147879,147885,147891,147895,147899],{},[170,147870,147871],{},[693,147872,146569],{"href":2748},[170,147874,147875],{},[693,147876,3908,147877,3841],{"href":36555},[17,147878,36558],{},[170,147880,147881],{},[693,147882,3908,147883,3841],{"href":42721},[17,147884,42724],{},[170,147886,147887],{},[693,147888,3908,147889,3841],{"href":42538},[17,147890,48045],{},[170,147892,147893],{},[693,147894,5564],{"href":40371},[170,147896,147897],{},[693,147898,3858],{"href":3293},[170,147900,147901],{},[693,147902,147480],{"href":135372},[2245,147904,147905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":147907},[147908,147909,147911,147912,147913,147915,147923,147929,147936,147942,147943,147955],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":146165,"depth":111,"text":147910},"What sum() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":146343,"depth":111,"text":147914},"Using the start value",{"id":146445,"depth":111,"text":147916,"children":147917},"What sum() can work with",[147918,147919,147920,147922],{"id":40787,"depth":132,"text":40788},{"id":52409,"depth":132,"text":146511},{"id":146572,"depth":132,"text":147921},"Values from range()",{"id":146620,"depth":132,"text":146621},{"id":146694,"depth":111,"text":147924,"children":147925},"What sum() does not work with",[147926,147927,147928],{"id":146705,"depth":132,"text":146706},{"id":146822,"depth":132,"text":146823},{"id":146880,"depth":132,"text":146881},{"id":41866,"depth":111,"text":41867,"children":147930},[147931,147932,147933,147934],{"id":6870,"depth":132,"text":6871},{"id":147016,"depth":132,"text":147017},{"id":147164,"depth":132,"text":147165},{"id":147301,"depth":132,"text":147935},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147483,"depth":111,"text":147937,"children":147938},"sum() vs manual loop",[147939,147941],{"id":147494,"depth":132,"text":147940},"Using sum()",{"id":147548,"depth":132,"text":147549},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":147944},[147945,147947,147949,147951,147953],{"id":147813,"depth":132,"text":147946},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147821,"depth":132,"text":147948},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147836,"depth":132,"text":147950},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147845,"depth":132,"text":147952},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147857,"depth":132,"text":147954},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":146078,"description":147956},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147963,"title":147964,"body":147965,"description":149367,"extension":2285,"meta":149368,"navigation":2287,"path":149369,"seo":149370,"stem":149371,"__hash__":149372},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147966,"toc":149335},[147967,147973,147979,147982,148045,148051,148056,148060,148077,148091,148095,148115,148129,148131,148224,148226,148240,148242,148245,148334,148336,148344,148353,148355,148359,148380,148382,148474,148476,148497,148499,148503,148517,148519,148593,148595,148614,148618,148621,148644,148646,148757,148764,148772,148774,148780,148783,148826,148829,148852,148860,148864,148939,148945,148970,148977,148980,148983,148987,148992,149080,149088,149092,149095,149120,149124,149185,149189,149238,149248,149250,149255,149258,149264,149267,149271,149275,149281,149284,149292,149300,149302,149332],[10,147968,147970,147971,11676],{"id":147969},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[17,147972,57655],{},[14,147974,147975,147978],{},[17,147976,147977],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147980,147981],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[33,147983,147985],{"className":35,"code":147984,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[17,147986,147987,148015,148033],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,147988,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,147990,3952],{"class":114},[42,147992,88],{"class":87},[42,147994,9586],{"class":56},[42,147996,3320],{"class":2348},[42,147998,70],{"class":56},[42,148000,3325],{"class":2348},[42,148002,70],{"class":56},[42,148004,3325],{"class":2348},[42,148006,70],{"class":56},[42,148008,2781],{"class":2348},[42,148010,70],{"class":56},[42,148012,3325],{"class":2348},[42,148014,143],{"class":56},[42,148016,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148018,2555],{"class":114},[42,148020,88],{"class":87},[42,148022,4603],{"class":114},[42,148024,122],{"class":56},[42,148026,41622],{"class":125},[42,148028,57],{"class":56},[42,148030,2381],{"class":2348},[42,148032,143],{"class":56},[42,148034,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,148036,284],{"class":52},[42,148038,57],{"class":56},[42,148040,2592],{"class":125},[42,148042,98],{"class":56},[42,148044,51133],{"class":525},[14,148046,146,148047,148050],{},[17,148048,148049],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[28,148052,4013,148054,4016],{"id":148053},"what-tuplecount-does",[17,148055,147977],{},[14,148057,148058,1935],{},[17,148059,148049],{},[167,148061,148062,148068,148071,148074],{},[170,148063,148064,148065,148067],{},"Returns the number of times ",[17,148066,2803],{}," appears in the tuple",[170,148069,148070],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[170,148072,148073],{},"Returns an integer",[170,148075,148076],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,148078,148079,148080,148082,148083,1327,148087,122],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[17,148081,57655],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[693,148084,148086],{"href":148085},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[693,148088,148090],{"href":148089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[28,148092,148094],{"id":148093},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[33,148096,148098],{"className":35,"code":148097,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[17,148099,148100],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148101,148102,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148103,148104],{"class":114},"my_tuple",[42,148106,122],{"class":56},[42,148108,41622],{"class":125},[42,148110,57],{"class":56},[42,148112,2803],{"class":125},[42,148114,143],{"class":56},[167,148116,148117,148121,148124],{},[170,148118,148119,57820],{},[17,148120,2803],{},[170,148122,148123],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[170,148125,148126,148127],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[17,148128,2445],{},[1073,148130,103205],{"id":103204},[33,148132,148134],{"className":35,"code":148133,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[17,148135,148136,148176,148200],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148137,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148139,13433],{"class":114},[42,148141,88],{"class":87},[42,148143,9586],{"class":56},[42,148145,61],{"class":60},[42,148147,13450],{"class":64},[42,148149,61],{"class":60},[42,148151,70],{"class":56},[42,148153,73],{"class":60},[42,148155,13467],{"class":64},[42,148157,61],{"class":60},[42,148159,70],{"class":56},[42,148161,73],{"class":60},[42,148163,13450],{"class":64},[42,148165,61],{"class":60},[42,148167,70],{"class":56},[42,148169,73],{"class":60},[42,148171,17814],{"class":64},[42,148173,61],{"class":60},[42,148175,143],{"class":56},[42,148177,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148179,284],{"class":52},[42,148181,57],{"class":56},[42,148183,17861],{"class":125},[42,148185,122],{"class":56},[42,148187,41622],{"class":125},[42,148189,57],{"class":56},[42,148191,61],{"class":60},[42,148193,13450],{"class":64},[42,148195,61],{"class":60},[42,148197,5705],{"class":56},[42,148199,58010],{"class":525},[42,148201,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,148203,284],{"class":52},[42,148205,57],{"class":56},[42,148207,17861],{"class":125},[42,148209,122],{"class":56},[42,148211,41622],{"class":125},[42,148213,57],{"class":56},[42,148215,61],{"class":60},[42,148217,22881],{"class":64},[42,148219,61],{"class":60},[42,148221,5705],{"class":56},[42,148223,51610],{"class":525},[14,148225,449],{},[167,148227,148228,148233],{},[170,148229,148230,148232],{},[17,148231,65756],{}," appears 2 times",[170,148234,148235,148237,148238],{},[17,148236,109901],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[17,148239,2445],{},[28,148241,11829],{"id":11828},[14,148243,148244],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[33,148246,148248],{"className":35,"code":148247,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,148249,148250,148298,148302,148324],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148251,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148253,36599],{"class":114},[42,148255,88],{"class":87},[42,148257,9586],{"class":56},[42,148259,61],{"class":60},[42,148261,4418],{"class":64},[42,148263,61],{"class":60},[42,148265,70],{"class":56},[42,148267,73],{"class":60},[42,148269,4427],{"class":64},[42,148271,61],{"class":60},[42,148273,70],{"class":56},[42,148275,73],{"class":60},[42,148277,4418],{"class":64},[42,148279,61],{"class":60},[42,148281,70],{"class":56},[42,148283,73],{"class":60},[42,148285,33581],{"class":64},[42,148287,61],{"class":60},[42,148289,70],{"class":56},[42,148291,73],{"class":60},[42,148293,4418],{"class":64},[42,148295,61],{"class":60},[42,148297,143],{"class":56},[42,148299,148300],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148301,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,148303,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,148305,2555],{"class":114},[42,148307,88],{"class":87},[42,148309,53215],{"class":114},[42,148311,122],{"class":56},[42,148313,41622],{"class":125},[42,148315,57],{"class":56},[42,148317,61],{"class":60},[42,148319,4418],{"class":64},[42,148321,61],{"class":60},[42,148323,143],{"class":56},[42,148325,148326,148328,148330,148332],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,148327,284],{"class":52},[42,148329,57],{"class":56},[42,148331,2592],{"class":125},[42,148333,143],{"class":56},[14,148335,2395],{},[33,148337,148338],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,148339,148340],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148341,148342],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148343,46980],{"class":2348},[14,148345,148346,148348,148349,2726,148351,122],{},[17,148347,58198],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[17,148350,57655],{},[17,148352,2387],{},[28,148354,38382],{"id":38381},[14,148356,57909,148357,128840],{},[17,148358,57655],{},[167,148360,148361,148366,148371,148374],{},[170,148362,11778,148363,148365],{},[17,148364,2445],{}," when the value does not exist",[170,148367,11778,148368,148370],{},[17,148369,3320],{}," when the value appears once",[170,148372,148373],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[170,148375,148376,148377,148379],{},"The result can be used in ",[17,148378,7345],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,148381,219],{},[33,148383,148385],{"className":35,"code":148384,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[17,148386,148387,148428,148432,148459],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148388,148389,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148390,148391],{"class":114},"answers ",[42,148393,88],{"class":87},[42,148395,9586],{"class":56},[42,148397,61],{"class":60},[42,148399,9007],{"class":64},[42,148401,61],{"class":60},[42,148403,70],{"class":56},[42,148405,73],{"class":60},[42,148407,8948],{"class":64},[42,148409,61],{"class":60},[42,148411,70],{"class":56},[42,148413,73],{"class":60},[42,148415,9007],{"class":64},[42,148417,61],{"class":60},[42,148419,70],{"class":56},[42,148421,73],{"class":60},[42,148423,9007],{"class":64},[42,148425,61],{"class":60},[42,148427,143],{"class":56},[42,148429,148430],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148431,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,148433,148434,148436,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,148435,7345],{"class":48},[42,148437,148438],{"class":114}," answers",[42,148440,122],{"class":56},[42,148442,41622],{"class":125},[42,148444,57],{"class":56},[42,148446,61],{"class":60},[42,148448,9007],{"class":64},[42,148450,61],{"class":60},[42,148452,98],{"class":56},[42,148454,38758],{"class":87},[42,148456,5842],{"class":2348},[42,148458,108],{"class":56},[42,148460,148461,148463,148465,148467,148470,148472],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,148462,135],{"class":52},[42,148464,57],{"class":56},[42,148466,61],{"class":60},[42,148468,148469],{"class":64},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[42,148471,61],{"class":60},[42,148473,143],{"class":56},[14,148475,2395],{},[33,148477,148479],{"className":35,"code":148478,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[17,148480,148481],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148482,148483,148486,148488,148490,148492,148495],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148484,148485],{"class":114},"The answer ",[42,148487,868],{"class":60},[42,148489,9007],{"class":64},[42,148491,868],{"class":60},[42,148493,148494],{"class":114}," appears more than once",[42,148496,122484],{"class":56},[28,148498,41408],{"id":41407},[14,148500,35764,148501,104668],{},[17,148502,147977],{},[167,148504,148505,148508,148511,148514],{},[170,148506,148507],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[170,148509,148510],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[170,148512,148513],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[170,148515,148516],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148518,219],{},[33,148520,148522],{"className":35,"code":148521,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[17,148523,148524,148552,148556,148578],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148525,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148527,5406],{"class":114},[42,148529,88],{"class":87},[42,148531,9586],{"class":56},[42,148533,2659],{"class":2348},[42,148535,70],{"class":56},[42,148537,8139],{"class":2348},[42,148539,70],{"class":56},[42,148541,6350],{"class":2348},[42,148543,70],{"class":56},[42,148545,8144],{"class":2348},[42,148547,70],{"class":56},[42,148549,6350],{"class":2348},[42,148551,143],{"class":56},[42,148553,148554],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148555,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,148557,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,148559,7345],{"class":48},[42,148561,5453],{"class":114},[42,148563,122],{"class":56},[42,148565,41622],{"class":125},[42,148567,57],{"class":56},[42,148569,2659],{"class":2348},[42,148571,98],{"class":56},[42,148573,51651],{"class":87},[42,148575,3325],{"class":2348},[42,148577,108],{"class":56},[42,148579,148580,148582,148584,148586,148589,148591],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,148581,135],{"class":52},[42,148583,57],{"class":56},[42,148585,61],{"class":60},[42,148587,148588],{"class":64},"The score 10 is repeated.",[42,148590,61],{"class":60},[42,148592,143],{"class":56},[14,148594,2395],{},[33,148596,148598],{"className":35,"code":148597,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[17,148599,148600],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148601,148602,148605,148607,148609,148612],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148603,148604],{"class":114},"The score ",[42,148606,2659],{"class":2348},[42,148608,8446],{"class":87},[42,148610,148611],{"class":114}," repeated",[42,148613,122484],{"class":56},[28,148615,148617],{"id":148616},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148619,148620],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[167,148622,148623,148629,148634,148637],{},[170,148624,148625,148626,148628],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[17,148627,57655],{}," still works because it only reads data",[170,148630,148631,148633],{},[17,148632,57655],{}," counts exact matches",[170,148635,148636],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[170,148638,148639,1753,148641,148643],{},[17,148640,3320],{},[17,148642,42521],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148645,219],{},[33,148647,148649],{"className":35,"code":148648,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[17,148650,148651,148685,148689,148709,148733],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148652,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148666,148668,148670,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148654,4160],{"class":114},[42,148656,88],{"class":87},[42,148658,9586],{"class":56},[42,148660,3320],{"class":2348},[42,148662,70],{"class":56},[42,148664,148665],{"class":2348}," 1.0",[42,148667,70],{"class":56},[42,148669,73],{"class":60},[42,148671,148672],{"class":64},"Cat",[42,148674,61],{"class":60},[42,148676,70],{"class":56},[42,148678,73],{"class":60},[42,148680,37408],{"class":64},[42,148682,61],{"class":60},[42,148684,143],{"class":56},[42,148686,148687],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148688,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,148690,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,148692,284],{"class":52},[42,148694,57],{"class":56},[42,148696,5702],{"class":125},[42,148698,122],{"class":56},[42,148700,41622],{"class":125},[42,148702,57],{"class":56},[42,148704,3320],{"class":2348},[42,148706,5705],{"class":56},[42,148708,51457],{"class":525},[42,148710,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,148712,284],{"class":52},[42,148714,57],{"class":56},[42,148716,5702],{"class":125},[42,148718,122],{"class":56},[42,148720,41622],{"class":125},[42,148722,57],{"class":56},[42,148724,61],{"class":60},[42,148726,148672],{"class":64},[42,148728,61],{"class":60},[42,148730,5705],{"class":56},[42,148732,28138],{"class":525},[42,148734,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,148736,284],{"class":52},[42,148738,57],{"class":56},[42,148740,5702],{"class":125},[42,148742,122],{"class":56},[42,148744,41622],{"class":125},[42,148746,57],{"class":56},[42,148748,61],{"class":60},[42,148750,37408],{"class":64},[42,148752,61],{"class":60},[42,148754,5705],{"class":56},[42,148756,28138],{"class":525},[14,148758,5501,148759,5504,148762,2823],{},[17,148760,148761],{},"values.count(1)",[17,148763,2381],{},[14,148765,9135,148766,5125,148769,148771],{},[17,148767,148768],{},"1 == 1.0",[17,148770,3937],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[28,148773,1929],{"id":1928},[1073,148775,1940,148777,148779],{"id":148776},"using-count-without-parentheses",[17,148778,41622],{}," without parentheses",[14,148781,148782],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[33,148784,148786],{"className":35,"code":148785,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[17,148787,148788,148812],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148789,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148791,3952],{"class":114},[42,148793,88],{"class":87},[42,148795,9586],{"class":56},[42,148797,3320],{"class":2348},[42,148799,70],{"class":56},[42,148801,3325],{"class":2348},[42,148803,70],{"class":56},[42,148805,3325],{"class":2348},[42,148807,70],{"class":56},[42,148809,2781],{"class":2348},[42,148811,143],{"class":56},[42,148813,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148815,284],{"class":52},[42,148817,57],{"class":56},[42,148819,3984],{"class":125},[42,148821,122],{"class":56},[42,148823,41622],{"class":2022},[42,148825,143],{"class":56},[14,148827,148828],{},"To call the method correctly:",[33,148830,148832],{"className":35,"code":148831,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[17,148833,148834],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148835,148836,148838,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148837,284],{"class":52},[42,148839,57],{"class":56},[42,148841,3984],{"class":125},[42,148843,122],{"class":56},[42,148845,41622],{"class":125},[42,148847,57],{"class":56},[42,148849,2381],{"class":2348},[42,148851,842],{"class":56},[1073,148853,8803,148854,8806,148856,1327,148858],{"id":58958},[17,148855,57655],{},[17,148857,3937],{},[17,148859,4009],{},[14,148861,148862,58969],{},[17,148863,57655],{},[33,148865,148867],{"className":35,"code":148866,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[17,148868,148869,148901,148923,148927],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148870,148871,148873,148875,148877,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148872,36450],{"class":114},[42,148874,88],{"class":87},[42,148876,9586],{"class":56},[42,148878,61],{"class":60},[42,148880,693],{"class":64},[42,148882,61],{"class":60},[42,148884,70],{"class":56},[42,148886,73],{"class":60},[42,148888,5102],{"class":64},[42,148890,61],{"class":60},[42,148892,70],{"class":56},[42,148894,73],{"class":60},[42,148896,693],{"class":64},[42,148898,61],{"class":60},[42,148900,143],{"class":56},[42,148902,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,148904,2555],{"class":114},[42,148906,88],{"class":87},[42,148908,70459],{"class":114},[42,148910,122],{"class":56},[42,148912,41622],{"class":125},[42,148914,57],{"class":56},[42,148916,61],{"class":60},[42,148918,693],{"class":64},[42,148920,61],{"class":60},[42,148922,143],{"class":56},[42,148924,148925],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,148926,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,148928,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,148930,284],{"class":52},[42,148932,57],{"class":56},[42,148934,2592],{"class":125},[42,148936,98],{"class":56},[42,148938,51778],{"class":525},[14,148940,148941,148942,148944],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[17,148943,1299],{}," is often simpler:",[33,148946,148948],{"className":35,"code":148947,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[17,148949,148950],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148951,148952,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,148953,284],{"class":52},[42,148955,57],{"class":56},[42,148957,61],{"class":60},[42,148959,693],{"class":64},[42,148961,61],{"class":60},[42,148963,21531],{"class":48},[42,148965,70459],{"class":125},[42,148967,98],{"class":56},[42,148969,3999],{"class":525},[1073,148971,37565,148973,9054,148975],{"id":148972},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[17,148974,147977],{},[17,148976,57660],{},[14,148978,148979],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148981,148982],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1073,148984,148986],{"id":148985},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148988,148989,148991],{},[17,148990,57655],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[33,148993,148995],{"className":35,"code":148994,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[17,148996,148997,149030,149056],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,148998,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013,149015,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149000,4409],{"class":114},[42,149002,88],{"class":87},[42,149004,9586],{"class":56},[42,149006,61],{"class":60},[42,149008,4418],{"class":64},[42,149010,61],{"class":60},[42,149012,70],{"class":56},[42,149014,73],{"class":60},[42,149016,149017],{"class":64},"pineapple",[42,149019,61],{"class":60},[42,149021,70],{"class":56},[42,149023,73],{"class":60},[42,149025,4418],{"class":64},[42,149027,61],{"class":60},[42,149029,143],{"class":56},[42,149031,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149049,149051,149053],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149033,284],{"class":52},[42,149035,57],{"class":56},[42,149037,4453],{"class":125},[42,149039,122],{"class":56},[42,149041,41622],{"class":125},[42,149043,57],{"class":56},[42,149045,61],{"class":60},[42,149047,149048],{"class":64},"app",[42,149050,61],{"class":60},[42,149052,5705],{"class":56},[42,149054,149055],{"class":525},"    # 0\n",[42,149057,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,149059,284],{"class":52},[42,149061,57],{"class":56},[42,149063,4453],{"class":125},[42,149065,122],{"class":56},[42,149067,41622],{"class":125},[42,149069,57],{"class":56},[42,149071,61],{"class":60},[42,149073,4418],{"class":64},[42,149075,61],{"class":60},[42,149077,5705],{"class":56},[42,149079,51778],{"class":525},[14,149081,149082,149085,149086,122],{},[17,149083,149084],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[17,149087,2445],{},[28,149089,149091],{"id":149090},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,149093,149094],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[167,149096,149097,149102,149111,149117],{},[170,149098,146,149099,149101],{},[17,149100,1299],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[170,149103,146,149104,149110],{},[693,149105,149107,149108],{"href":149106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[17,149109,59333],{}," to find the position of a value",[170,149112,146,149113,149116],{},[17,149114,149115],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[170,149118,149119],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,149121,46403,149122,1935],{},[17,149123,1299],{},[33,149125,149127],{"className":35,"code":149126,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[17,149128,149129,149149,149153,149169],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149130,149131,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149132,3952],{"class":114},[42,149134,88],{"class":87},[42,149136,9586],{"class":56},[42,149138,2836],{"class":2348},[42,149140,70],{"class":56},[42,149142,6339],{"class":2348},[42,149144,70],{"class":56},[42,149146,54500],{"class":2348},[42,149148,143],{"class":56},[42,149150,149151],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149152,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,149154,149155,149157,149159,149161,149163,149165,149167],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,149156,284],{"class":52},[42,149158,57],{"class":56},[42,149160,2349],{"class":2348},[42,149162,21531],{"class":48},[42,149164,4603],{"class":125},[42,149166,98],{"class":56},[42,149168,44217],{"class":525},[42,149170,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,149172,284],{"class":52},[42,149174,57],{"class":56},[42,149176,2461],{"class":2348},[42,149178,21531],{"class":48},[42,149180,4603],{"class":125},[42,149182,98],{"class":56},[42,149184,44234],{"class":525},[14,149186,46403,149187,1935],{},[17,149188,59333],{},[33,149190,149192],{"className":35,"code":149191,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[17,149193,149194,149218],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149195,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149197,3952],{"class":114},[42,149199,88],{"class":87},[42,149201,9586],{"class":56},[42,149203,2836],{"class":2348},[42,149205,70],{"class":56},[42,149207,6339],{"class":2348},[42,149209,70],{"class":56},[42,149211,54500],{"class":2348},[42,149213,70],{"class":56},[42,149215,6339],{"class":2348},[42,149217,143],{"class":56},[42,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228,149230,149232,149234,149236],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149221,284],{"class":52},[42,149223,57],{"class":56},[42,149225,3984],{"class":125},[42,149227,122],{"class":56},[42,149229,36205],{"class":125},[42,149231,57],{"class":56},[42,149233,2349],{"class":2348},[42,149235,5705],{"class":56},[42,149237,28138],{"class":525},[14,149239,149240,149242,149243,149245,149247],{},[17,149241,57655],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10197,149244],{},[17,149246,59333],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[28,149249,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,149251,5485,149253,5488],{"id":149252},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[17,149254,147977],{},[14,149256,149257],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1073,149259,13060,149261,149263],{"id":149260},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[17,149262,147977],{}," change the tuple?",[14,149265,149266],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1073,149268,149270],{"id":149269},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,149272,12266,149273,122],{},[17,149274,2445],{},[1073,149276,5513,149278,149280],{"id":149277},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[17,149279,147977],{}," count strings?",[14,149282,149283],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1073,149285,2171,149287,1753,149289,2823],{"id":149286},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[17,149288,147977],{},[17,149290,149291],{},"tuple.index()",[14,149293,149294,149296,149297,149299],{},[17,149295,57655],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[17,149298,59333],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[28,149301,2205],{"id":2204},[167,149303,149304,149308,149313,149320,149328],{},[170,149305,149306],{},[693,149307,148086],{"href":148085},[170,149309,149310],{},[693,149311,149312],{"href":148089},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[170,149314,149315],{},[693,149316,149317,149318,11093],{"href":149106},"Python tuple ",[17,149319,59333],{},[170,149321,149322],{},[693,149323,149325,149326],{"href":149324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[17,149327,42724],{},[170,149329,149330],{},[693,149331,59321],{"href":59320},[2245,149333,149334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":149336},[149337,149339,149342,149343,149344,149345,149346,149354,149355,149366],{"id":148053,"depth":111,"text":149338},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148093,"depth":111,"text":148094,"children":149340},[149341],{"id":103204,"depth":132,"text":103205},{"id":11828,"depth":111,"text":11829},{"id":38381,"depth":111,"text":38382},{"id":41407,"depth":111,"text":41408},{"id":148616,"depth":111,"text":148617},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":149347},[149348,149350,149351,149353],{"id":148776,"depth":132,"text":149349},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58958,"depth":132,"text":59374},{"id":148972,"depth":132,"text":149352},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148985,"depth":132,"text":148986},{"id":149090,"depth":111,"text":149091},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":149356},[149357,149359,149361,149362,149364],{"id":149252,"depth":132,"text":149358},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149260,"depth":132,"text":149360},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149269,"depth":132,"text":149270},{"id":149277,"depth":132,"text":149363},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149286,"depth":132,"text":149365},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147964,"description":149367},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149374,"title":149375,"body":149376,"description":151063,"extension":2285,"meta":151064,"navigation":2287,"path":151065,"seo":151066,"stem":151067,"__hash__":151068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149377,"toc":151026},[149378,149381,149384,149393,149395,149525,149527,149588,149594,149596,149616,149620,149623,149626,149661,149663,149684,149687,149726,149728,149753,149760,149764,149767,149804,149806,149829,149832,149835,149847,149853,149857,149860,149866,149907,149909,149932,149935,149976,149978,150005,150007,150024,150026,150043,150046,150050,150053,150055,150089,150091,150138,150142,150181,150185,150188,150245,150247,150288,150294,150300,150305,150307,150344,150346,150366,150368,150401,150403,150436,150439,150443,150476,150478,150503,150506,150508,150522,150529,150531,150534,150538,150541,150576,150579,150614,150618,150621,150660,150663,150702,150706,150708,150738,150741,150748,150750,150782,150785,150817,150820,150851,150853,150870,150874,150877,150941,150943,150947,150954,150958,150961,150965,150968,150972,150975,150980,150986,150988,151023],[10,149379,149375],{"id":149380},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,149382,149383],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,149385,149386,149387,1327,149391,122],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[693,149388,149390],{"href":149389},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[693,149392,148086],{"href":148085},[28,149394,31],{"id":30},[33,149396,149398],{"className":35,"code":149397,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[17,149399,149400,149420,149429,149443,149479,149483,149493,149503,149514],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149401,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149403,3952],{"class":114},[42,149405,88],{"class":87},[42,149407,9586],{"class":56},[42,149409,3320],{"class":2348},[42,149411,70],{"class":56},[42,149413,3325],{"class":2348},[42,149415,70],{"class":56},[42,149417,2781],{"class":2348},[42,149419,143],{"class":56},[42,149421,149422,149424,149426],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149423,124950],{"class":114},[42,149425,88],{"class":87},[42,149427,149428],{"class":56}," ()\n",[42,149430,149431,149434,149436,149438,149440],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,149432,149433],{"class":114},"one_item ",[42,149435,88],{"class":87},[42,149437,9586],{"class":56},[42,149439,2461],{"class":2348},[42,149441,149442],{"class":56},",)\n",[42,149444,149445,149448,149450,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,149446,149447],{"class":114},"from_list ",[42,149449,88],{"class":87},[42,149451,149452],{"class":834}," tuple",[42,149454,3317],{"class":56},[42,149456,61],{"class":60},[42,149458,693],{"class":64},[42,149460,61],{"class":60},[42,149462,70],{"class":56},[42,149464,73],{"class":60},[42,149466,5102],{"class":64},[42,149468,61],{"class":60},[42,149470,70],{"class":56},[42,149472,73],{"class":60},[42,149474,10090],{"class":64},[42,149476,61],{"class":60},[42,149478,4226],{"class":56},[42,149480,149481],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,149482,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,149484,149485,149487,149489,149491],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,149486,284],{"class":52},[42,149488,57],{"class":56},[42,149490,3984],{"class":125},[42,149492,143],{"class":56},[42,149494,149495,149497,149499,149501],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,149496,284],{"class":52},[42,149498,57],{"class":56},[42,149500,125001],{"class":125},[42,149502,143],{"class":56},[42,149504,149505,149507,149509,149512],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,149506,284],{"class":52},[42,149508,57],{"class":56},[42,149510,149511],{"class":125},"one_item",[42,149513,143],{"class":56},[42,149515,149516,149518,149520,149523],{"class":44,"line":6778},[42,149517,284],{"class":52},[42,149519,57],{"class":56},[42,149521,149522],{"class":125},"from_list",[42,149524,143],{"class":56},[14,149526,2395],{},[33,149528,149530],{"className":35,"code":149529,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[17,149531,149532,149548,149552,149560],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149533,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149535,57],{"class":56},[42,149537,3320],{"class":2348},[42,149539,70],{"class":56},[42,149541,3325],{"class":2348},[42,149543,70],{"class":56},[42,149545,2781],{"class":2348},[42,149547,143],{"class":56},[42,149549,149550],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149551,129],{"class":56},[42,149553,149554,149556,149558],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,149555,57],{"class":56},[42,149557,2461],{"class":2348},[42,149559,149442],{"class":56},[42,149561,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,149563,57],{"class":56},[42,149565,868],{"class":60},[42,149567,693],{"class":64},[42,149569,868],{"class":60},[42,149571,70],{"class":56},[42,149573,862],{"class":60},[42,149575,5102],{"class":64},[42,149577,868],{"class":60},[42,149579,70],{"class":56},[42,149581,862],{"class":60},[42,149583,10090],{"class":64},[42,149585,868],{"class":60},[42,149587,143],{"class":56},[14,149589,149590,149591,122],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[17,149592,149593],{},"(5,)",[28,149595,15520],{"id":15519},[167,149597,149598,149601,149604,149607,149610,149613],{},[170,149599,149600],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[170,149602,149603],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[170,149605,149606],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[170,149608,149609],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[170,149611,149612],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[170,149614,149615],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[28,149617,149619],{"id":149618},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149621,149622],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149624,149625],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[33,149627,149629],{"className":35,"code":149628,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,149630,149631,149651],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149632,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149634,3952],{"class":114},[42,149636,88],{"class":87},[42,149638,9586],{"class":56},[42,149640,3320],{"class":2348},[42,149642,70],{"class":56},[42,149644,3325],{"class":2348},[42,149646,70],{"class":56},[42,149648,2781],{"class":2348},[42,149650,143],{"class":56},[42,149652,149653,149655,149657,149659],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149654,284],{"class":52},[42,149656,57],{"class":56},[42,149658,3984],{"class":125},[42,149660,143],{"class":56},[14,149662,2395],{},[33,149664,149666],{"className":35,"code":149665,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[17,149667,149668],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149669,149670,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149671,57],{"class":56},[42,149673,3320],{"class":2348},[42,149675,70],{"class":56},[42,149677,3325],{"class":2348},[42,149679,70],{"class":56},[42,149681,2781],{"class":2348},[42,149683,143],{"class":56},[14,149685,149686],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[33,149688,149690],{"className":35,"code":149689,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[17,149691,149692,149716],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149693,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149695,9516],{"class":114},[42,149697,88],{"class":87},[42,149699,9586],{"class":56},[42,149701,3320],{"class":2348},[42,149703,70],{"class":56},[42,149705,73],{"class":60},[42,149707,4418],{"class":64},[42,149709,61],{"class":60},[42,149711,70],{"class":56},[42,149713,4254],{"class":4190},[42,149715,143],{"class":56},[42,149717,149718,149720,149722,149724],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149719,284],{"class":52},[42,149721,57],{"class":56},[42,149723,9554],{"class":125},[42,149725,143],{"class":56},[14,149727,2395],{},[33,149729,149731],{"className":35,"code":149730,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[17,149732,149733],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149736,57],{"class":56},[42,149738,3320],{"class":2348},[42,149740,70],{"class":56},[42,149742,862],{"class":60},[42,149744,4418],{"class":64},[42,149746,868],{"class":60},[42,149748,70],{"class":56},[42,149750,4254],{"class":4190},[42,149752,143],{"class":56},[14,149754,149755,149756,122],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[693,149757,149759],{"href":149758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[28,149761,149763],{"id":149762},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149765,149766],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[33,149768,149770],{"className":35,"code":149769,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[17,149771,149772,149780,149790],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149773,149774,149776,149778],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149775,124950],{"class":114},[42,149777,88],{"class":87},[42,149779,149428],{"class":56},[42,149781,149782,149784,149786,149788],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149783,284],{"class":52},[42,149785,57],{"class":56},[42,149787,125001],{"class":125},[42,149789,143],{"class":56},[42,149791,149792,149794,149796,149798,149800,149802],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,149793,284],{"class":52},[42,149795,57],{"class":56},[42,149797,835],{"class":834},[42,149799,57],{"class":56},[42,149801,125001],{"class":125},[42,149803,842],{"class":56},[14,149805,2395],{},[33,149807,149809],{"className":35,"code":149808,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,149810,149811,149815],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149812,149813],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149814,129],{"class":56},[42,149816,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149818,855],{"class":87},[42,149820,859],{"class":858},[42,149822,862],{"class":60},[42,149824,49315],{"class":64},[42,149826,868],{"class":60},[42,149828,871],{"class":87},[14,149830,149831],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149833,149834],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[167,149836,149837,149842],{},[170,149838,149839,149840],{},"Empty tuple: ",[17,149841,7713],{},[170,149843,149844,149845],{},"Empty list: ",[17,149846,4124],{},[14,149848,149849,149850,122],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[693,149851,149852],{"href":57518},"Python list: creating a list",[28,149854,149856],{"id":149855},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149858,149859],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149861,149862,149863,149865],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[177,149864,179],{}," automatically a tuple:",[33,149867,149869],{"className":35,"code":149868,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,149870,149871,149883,149893],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149872,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149874,2776],{"class":114},[42,149876,88],{"class":87},[42,149878,9586],{"class":56},[42,149880,2461],{"class":2348},[42,149882,143],{"class":56},[42,149884,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149886,284],{"class":52},[42,149888,57],{"class":56},[42,149890,2803],{"class":125},[42,149892,143],{"class":56},[42,149894,149895,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,149896,284],{"class":52},[42,149898,57],{"class":56},[42,149900,835],{"class":834},[42,149902,57],{"class":56},[42,149904,2803],{"class":125},[42,149906,842],{"class":56},[14,149908,2395],{},[33,149910,149912],{"className":35,"code":149911,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,149913,149914,149918],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149915,149916],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149917,3278],{"class":2348},[42,149919,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149921,855],{"class":87},[42,149923,859],{"class":858},[42,149925,862],{"class":60},[42,149927,2513],{"class":64},[42,149929,868],{"class":60},[42,149931,871],{"class":87},[14,149933,149934],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[33,149936,149938],{"className":35,"code":149937,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[17,149939,149940,149952,149962],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149941,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149943,149433],{"class":114},[42,149945,88],{"class":87},[42,149947,9586],{"class":56},[42,149949,2461],{"class":2348},[42,149951,149442],{"class":56},[42,149953,149954,149956,149958,149960],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149955,284],{"class":52},[42,149957,57],{"class":56},[42,149959,149511],{"class":125},[42,149961,143],{"class":56},[42,149963,149964,149966,149968,149970,149972,149974],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,149965,284],{"class":52},[42,149967,57],{"class":56},[42,149969,835],{"class":834},[42,149971,57],{"class":56},[42,149973,149511],{"class":125},[42,149975,842],{"class":56},[14,149977,2395],{},[33,149979,149981],{"className":35,"code":149980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,149982,149983,149991],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,149984,149985,149987,149989],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,149986,57],{"class":56},[42,149988,2461],{"class":2348},[42,149990,149442],{"class":56},[42,149992,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,149994,855],{"class":87},[42,149996,859],{"class":858},[42,149998,862],{"class":60},[42,150000,49315],{"class":64},[42,150002,868],{"class":60},[42,150004,871],{"class":87},[14,150006,17014],{},[33,150008,150010],{"className":35,"code":150009,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(\"apple\",)\n",[17,150011,150012],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150015,57],{"class":56},[42,150017,61],{"class":60},[42,150019,4418],{"class":64},[42,150021,61],{"class":60},[42,150023,149442],{"class":56},[14,150025,17002],{},[33,150027,150029],{"className":35,"code":150028,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(\"apple\")\n",[17,150030,150031],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150032,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150034,57],{"class":56},[42,150036,61],{"class":60},[42,150038,4418],{"class":64},[42,150040,61],{"class":60},[42,150042,143],{"class":56},[14,150044,150045],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[28,150047,150049],{"id":150048},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,150051,150052],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1073,150054,56826],{"id":3984},[33,150056,150057],{"className":35,"code":149628,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,150058,150059,150079],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150060,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150062,3952],{"class":114},[42,150064,88],{"class":87},[42,150066,9586],{"class":56},[42,150068,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150070,70],{"class":56},[42,150072,3325],{"class":2348},[42,150074,70],{"class":56},[42,150076,2781],{"class":2348},[42,150078,143],{"class":56},[42,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150082,284],{"class":52},[42,150084,57],{"class":56},[42,150086,3984],{"class":125},[42,150088,143],{"class":56},[1073,150090,56829],{"id":5652},[33,150092,150094],{"className":35,"code":150093,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[17,150095,150096,150128],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150099,13433],{"class":114},[42,150101,88],{"class":87},[42,150103,9586],{"class":56},[42,150105,61],{"class":60},[42,150107,13450],{"class":64},[42,150109,61],{"class":60},[42,150111,70],{"class":56},[42,150113,73],{"class":60},[42,150115,17814],{"class":64},[42,150117,61],{"class":60},[42,150119,70],{"class":56},[42,150121,73],{"class":60},[42,150123,13467],{"class":64},[42,150125,61],{"class":60},[42,150127,143],{"class":56},[42,150129,150130,150132,150134,150136],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150131,284],{"class":52},[42,150133,57],{"class":56},[42,150135,17861],{"class":125},[42,150137,143],{"class":56},[1073,150139,150141],{"id":150140},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[33,150143,150145],{"className":35,"code":150144,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[17,150146,150147,150171],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150148,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150150,59838],{"class":114},[42,150152,88],{"class":87},[42,150154,9586],{"class":56},[42,150156,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150158,70],{"class":56},[42,150160,73],{"class":60},[42,150162,4418],{"class":64},[42,150164,61],{"class":60},[42,150166,70],{"class":56},[42,150168,4254],{"class":4190},[42,150170,143],{"class":56},[42,150172,150173,150175,150177,150179],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150174,284],{"class":52},[42,150176,57],{"class":56},[42,150178,59891],{"class":125},[42,150180,143],{"class":56},[1073,150182,150184],{"id":150183},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,150186,150187],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[33,150189,150191],{"className":35,"code":150190,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[17,150192,150193,150234],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150194,150195,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150196,150197],{"class":114},"nested ",[42,150199,88],{"class":87},[42,150201,9586],{"class":56},[42,150203,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150205,70],{"class":56},[42,150207,9586],{"class":56},[42,150209,61],{"class":60},[42,150211,693],{"class":64},[42,150213,61],{"class":60},[42,150215,70],{"class":56},[42,150217,73],{"class":60},[42,150219,5102],{"class":64},[42,150221,61],{"class":60},[42,150223,9583],{"class":56},[42,150225,3957],{"class":56},[42,150227,2659],{"class":2348},[42,150229,70],{"class":56},[42,150231,8139],{"class":2348},[42,150233,4226],{"class":56},[42,150235,150236,150238,150240,150243],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150237,284],{"class":52},[42,150239,57],{"class":56},[42,150241,150242],{"class":125},"nested",[42,150244,143],{"class":56},[14,150246,2395],{},[33,150248,150250],{"className":35,"code":150249,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[17,150251,150252],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150253,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276,150278,150280,150282,150284,150286],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150255,57],{"class":56},[42,150257,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150259,70],{"class":56},[42,150261,9586],{"class":56},[42,150263,868],{"class":60},[42,150265,693],{"class":64},[42,150267,868],{"class":60},[42,150269,70],{"class":56},[42,150271,862],{"class":60},[42,150273,5102],{"class":64},[42,150275,868],{"class":60},[42,150277,9583],{"class":56},[42,150279,3957],{"class":56},[42,150281,2659],{"class":2348},[42,150283,70],{"class":56},[42,150285,8139],{"class":2348},[42,150287,4226],{"class":56},[28,150289,150291,150292],{"id":150290},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[17,150293,38408],{},[14,150295,150296,150297,150299],{},"You can use the built-in ",[17,150298,38408],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,150301,150302,150303,122],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[693,150304,63582],{"href":63581},[1073,150306,105345],{"id":105344},[33,150308,150310],{"className":35,"code":150309,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,150311,150312,150334],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150313,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150315,3952],{"class":114},[42,150317,88],{"class":87},[42,150319,149452],{"class":834},[42,150321,3317],{"class":56},[42,150323,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150325,70],{"class":56},[42,150327,3325],{"class":2348},[42,150329,70],{"class":56},[42,150331,2781],{"class":2348},[42,150333,4226],{"class":56},[42,150335,150336,150338,150340,150342],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150337,284],{"class":52},[42,150339,57],{"class":56},[42,150341,3984],{"class":125},[42,150343,143],{"class":56},[14,150345,2395],{},[33,150347,150348],{"className":35,"code":149665,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,150349,150350],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150351,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150353,57],{"class":56},[42,150355,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150357,70],{"class":56},[42,150359,3325],{"class":2348},[42,150361,70],{"class":56},[42,150363,2781],{"class":2348},[42,150365,143],{"class":56},[1073,150367,105531],{"id":105530},[33,150369,150371],{"className":35,"code":150370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[17,150372,150373,150391],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150374,150375,150377,150379,150381,150383,150385,150387,150389],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150376,36450],{"class":114},[42,150378,88],{"class":87},[42,150380,149452],{"class":834},[42,150382,57],{"class":56},[42,150384,61],{"class":60},[42,150386,41923],{"class":64},[42,150388,61],{"class":60},[42,150390,143],{"class":56},[42,150392,150393,150395,150397,150399],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150394,284],{"class":52},[42,150396,57],{"class":56},[42,150398,36503],{"class":125},[42,150400,143],{"class":56},[14,150402,2395],{},[33,150404,150406],{"className":35,"code":150405,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[17,150407,150408],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150409,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150411,57],{"class":56},[42,150413,868],{"class":60},[42,150415,693],{"class":64},[42,150417,868],{"class":60},[42,150419,70],{"class":56},[42,150421,862],{"class":60},[42,150423,5102],{"class":64},[42,150425,868],{"class":60},[42,150427,70],{"class":56},[42,150429,862],{"class":60},[42,150431,10090],{"class":64},[42,150433,868],{"class":60},[42,150435,143],{"class":56},[14,150437,150438],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1073,150440,150442],{"id":150441},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[33,150444,150446],{"className":35,"code":150445,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[17,150447,150448,150466],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150449,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150451,4160],{"class":114},[42,150453,88],{"class":87},[42,150455,149452],{"class":834},[42,150457,57],{"class":56},[42,150459,60364],{"class":52},[42,150461,57],{"class":56},[42,150463,2836],{"class":2348},[42,150465,842],{"class":56},[42,150467,150468,150470,150472,150474],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150469,284],{"class":52},[42,150471,57],{"class":56},[42,150473,5702],{"class":125},[42,150475,143],{"class":56},[14,150477,2395],{},[33,150479,150481],{"className":35,"code":150480,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[17,150482,150483],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150484,150485,150487,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150486,57],{"class":56},[42,150488,2445],{"class":2348},[42,150490,70],{"class":56},[42,150492,5842],{"class":2348},[42,150494,70],{"class":56},[42,150496,3325],{"class":2348},[42,150498,70],{"class":56},[42,150500,2781],{"class":2348},[42,150502,143],{"class":56},[14,150504,150505],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[28,150507,21159],{"id":21158},[167,150509,150510,150513,150516,150519],{},[170,150511,150512],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[170,150514,150515],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[170,150517,150518],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[170,150520,150521],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150523,150524,150525,122],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[693,150526,150528],{"href":150527},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[28,150530,1929],{"id":1928},[14,150532,150533],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1073,150535,150537],{"id":150536},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150539,150540],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[33,150542,150544],{"className":35,"code":150543,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[17,150545,150546,150562],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150547,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150549,28897],{"class":114},[42,150551,88],{"class":87},[42,150553,9586],{"class":56},[42,150555,61],{"class":60},[42,150557,4418],{"class":64},[42,150559,61],{"class":60},[42,150561,143],{"class":56},[42,150563,150564,150566,150568,150570,150572,150574],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150565,284],{"class":52},[42,150567,57],{"class":56},[42,150569,835],{"class":834},[42,150571,57],{"class":56},[42,150573,23668],{"class":125},[42,150575,842],{"class":56},[14,150577,150578],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[33,150580,150582],{"className":35,"code":150581,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[17,150583,150584,150600],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150585,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150587,28897],{"class":114},[42,150589,88],{"class":87},[42,150591,9586],{"class":56},[42,150593,61],{"class":60},[42,150595,4418],{"class":64},[42,150597,61],{"class":60},[42,150599,149442],{"class":56},[42,150601,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610,150612],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150603,284],{"class":52},[42,150605,57],{"class":56},[42,150607,835],{"class":834},[42,150609,57],{"class":56},[42,150611,23668],{"class":125},[42,150613,842],{"class":56},[1073,150615,150617],{"id":150616},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150619,150620],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[33,150622,150624],{"className":35,"code":150623,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,150625,150626,150646],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150627,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150629,4160],{"class":114},[42,150631,88],{"class":87},[42,150633,3957],{"class":56},[42,150635,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150637,70],{"class":56},[42,150639,3325],{"class":2348},[42,150641,70],{"class":56},[42,150643,2781],{"class":2348},[42,150645,3970],{"class":56},[42,150647,150648,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150649,284],{"class":52},[42,150651,57],{"class":56},[42,150653,835],{"class":834},[42,150655,57],{"class":56},[42,150657,5702],{"class":125},[42,150659,842],{"class":56},[14,150661,150662],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[33,150664,150666],{"className":35,"code":150665,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[17,150667,150668,150688],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150669,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150671,4160],{"class":114},[42,150673,88],{"class":87},[42,150675,9586],{"class":56},[42,150677,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150679,70],{"class":56},[42,150681,3325],{"class":2348},[42,150683,70],{"class":56},[42,150685,2781],{"class":2348},[42,150687,143],{"class":56},[42,150689,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150691,284],{"class":52},[42,150693,57],{"class":56},[42,150695,835],{"class":834},[42,150697,57],{"class":56},[42,150699,5702],{"class":125},[42,150701,842],{"class":56},[1073,150703,150705],{"id":150704},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150707,150518],{},[33,150709,150711],{"className":35,"code":150710,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[17,150712,150713,150733],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150714,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150716,3952],{"class":114},[42,150718,88],{"class":87},[42,150720,9586],{"class":56},[42,150722,3320],{"class":2348},[42,150724,70],{"class":56},[42,150726,3325],{"class":2348},[42,150728,70],{"class":56},[42,150730,2781],{"class":2348},[42,150732,143],{"class":56},[42,150734,150735],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150736,150737],{"class":525},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150739,150740],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1073,150742,37565,150744,150747],{"id":150743},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[17,150745,150746],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150749,65008],{},[33,150751,150752],{"className":35,"code":150370,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,150753,150754,150772],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150755,150756,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768,150770],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150757,36450],{"class":114},[42,150759,88],{"class":87},[42,150761,149452],{"class":834},[42,150763,57],{"class":56},[42,150765,61],{"class":60},[42,150767,41923],{"class":64},[42,150769,61],{"class":60},[42,150771,143],{"class":56},[42,150773,150774,150776,150778,150780],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150775,284],{"class":52},[42,150777,57],{"class":56},[42,150779,36503],{"class":125},[42,150781,143],{"class":56},[14,150783,150784],{},"gives:",[33,150786,150787],{"className":35,"code":150405,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,150788,150789],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150790,150791,150793,150795,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807,150809,150811,150813,150815],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150792,57],{"class":56},[42,150794,868],{"class":60},[42,150796,693],{"class":64},[42,150798,868],{"class":60},[42,150800,70],{"class":56},[42,150802,862],{"class":60},[42,150804,5102],{"class":64},[42,150806,868],{"class":60},[42,150808,70],{"class":56},[42,150810,862],{"class":60},[42,150812,10090],{"class":64},[42,150814,868],{"class":60},[42,150816,143],{"class":56},[14,150818,150819],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[33,150821,150823],{"className":35,"code":150822,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[17,150824,150825,150841],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150826,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150828,6500],{"class":114},[42,150830,88],{"class":87},[42,150832,9586],{"class":56},[42,150834,61],{"class":60},[42,150836,41923],{"class":64},[42,150838,61],{"class":60},[42,150840,149442],{"class":56},[42,150842,150843,150845,150847,150849],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150844,284],{"class":52},[42,150846,57],{"class":56},[42,150848,38753],{"class":125},[42,150850,143],{"class":56},[14,150852,2395],{},[33,150854,150856],{"className":35,"code":150855,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('abc',)\n",[17,150857,150858],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150859,150860,150862,150864,150866,150868],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150861,57],{"class":56},[42,150863,868],{"class":60},[42,150865,41923],{"class":64},[42,150867,868],{"class":60},[42,150869,149442],{"class":56},[1073,150871,150873],{"id":150872},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150875,150876],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[33,150878,150880],{"className":35,"code":150879,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[17,150881,150882,150899,150903,150913,150927],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,150883,150884,150887,150889,150891,150893,150895,150897],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,150885,150886],{"class":114},"my_tuple ",[42,150888,88],{"class":87},[42,150890,9586],{"class":56},[42,150892,61],{"class":60},[42,150894,4418],{"class":64},[42,150896,61],{"class":60},[42,150898,149442],{"class":56},[42,150900,150901],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,150902,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,150904,150905,150907,150909,150911],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,150906,284],{"class":52},[42,150908,57],{"class":56},[42,150910,148104],{"class":125},[42,150912,143],{"class":56},[42,150914,150915,150917,150919,150921,150923,150925],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,150916,284],{"class":52},[42,150918,57],{"class":56},[42,150920,835],{"class":834},[42,150922,57],{"class":56},[42,150924,148104],{"class":125},[42,150926,842],{"class":56},[42,150928,150929,150931,150933,150935,150937,150939],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,150930,284],{"class":52},[42,150932,57],{"class":56},[42,150934,11515],{"class":52},[42,150936,57],{"class":56},[42,150938,148104],{"class":125},[42,150940,842],{"class":56},[28,150942,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,150944,150946],{"id":150945},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150948,150949,150950,150953],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[17,150951,150952],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1073,150955,150957],{"id":150956},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150959,150960],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1073,150962,150964],{"id":150963},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150966,150967],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1073,150969,150971],{"id":150970},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150973,150974],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1073,150976,5485,150978,13072],{"id":150977},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[17,150979,150746],{},[14,150981,5491,150982,150985],{},[17,150983,150984],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[28,150987,2205],{"id":2204},[167,150989,150990,150994,150998,151004,151009,151014,151018],{},[170,150991,150992],{},[693,150993,148086],{"href":148085},[170,150995,150996],{},[693,150997,149759],{"href":149758},[170,150999,151000],{},[693,151001,151003],{"href":151002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[170,151005,151006],{},[693,151007,151008],{"href":149324},"Python tuple length with len()",[170,151010,151011],{},[693,151012,151013],{"href":149389},"What is a tuple in Python?",[170,151015,151016],{},[693,151017,63582],{"href":63581},[170,151019,151020],{},[693,151021,151022],{"href":150527},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2245,151024,151025],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":151027},[151028,151029,151030,151031,151032,151033,151039,151045,151046,151054,151062],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":15519,"depth":111,"text":15520},{"id":149618,"depth":111,"text":149619},{"id":149762,"depth":111,"text":149763},{"id":149855,"depth":111,"text":149856},{"id":150048,"depth":111,"text":150049,"children":151034},[151035,151036,151037,151038],{"id":3984,"depth":132,"text":56826},{"id":5652,"depth":132,"text":56829},{"id":150140,"depth":132,"text":150141},{"id":150183,"depth":132,"text":150184},{"id":150290,"depth":111,"text":151040,"children":151041},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[151042,151043,151044],{"id":105344,"depth":132,"text":105345},{"id":105530,"depth":132,"text":105531},{"id":150441,"depth":132,"text":150442},{"id":21158,"depth":111,"text":21159},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":151047},[151048,151049,151050,151051,151053],{"id":150536,"depth":132,"text":150537},{"id":150616,"depth":132,"text":150617},{"id":150704,"depth":132,"text":150705},{"id":150743,"depth":132,"text":151052},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150872,"depth":132,"text":150873},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":151055},[151056,151057,151058,151059,151060],{"id":150945,"depth":132,"text":150946},{"id":150956,"depth":132,"text":150957},{"id":150963,"depth":132,"text":150964},{"id":150970,"depth":132,"text":150971},{"id":150977,"depth":132,"text":151061},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149375,"description":151063},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":151070,"title":151071,"body":151072,"description":152617,"extension":2285,"meta":152618,"navigation":2287,"path":152619,"seo":152620,"stem":152621,"__hash__":152622},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":151073,"toc":152587},[151074,151077,151082,151084,151097,151103,151105,151172,151174,151209,151214,151218,151222,151224,151235,151243,151245,151247,151268,151270,151290,151293,151295,151300,151343,151345,151367,151370,151383,151387,151391,151394,151447,151449,151470,151475,151479,151482,151527,151529,151562,151574,151578,151586,151623,151625,151654,151658,151661,151714,151716,151736,151743,151747,151752,151821,151823,151848,151852,151855,151861,151938,151940,151999,152001,152013,152018,152022,152026,152040,152042,152077,152079,152096,152099,152112,152116,152120,152131,152136,152151,152154,152157,152159,152162,152166,152168,152182,152184,152208,152213,152217,152220,152239,152242,152291,152296,152313,152316,152349,152353,152355,152406,152409,152434,152437,152460,152464,152470,152472,152507,152510,152515,152517,152521,152524,152528,152533,152537,152540,152544,152547,152551,152556,152558,152584],[10,151075,151071],{"id":151076},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,151078,9473,151079,151081],{},[17,151080,38408],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,151083,82951],{},[167,151085,151086,151091],{},[170,151087,151088,151090],{},[17,151089,38408],{}," creates an empty tuple",[170,151092,151093,151096],{},[17,151094,151095],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,151098,151099,151100,151102],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[17,151101,38408],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[28,151104,31],{"id":30},[33,151106,151108],{"className":35,"code":151107,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,151109,151110,151130,151144,151148,151158],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151111,151112,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151113,3952],{"class":114},[42,151115,88],{"class":87},[42,151117,3957],{"class":56},[42,151119,3320],{"class":2348},[42,151121,70],{"class":56},[42,151123,3325],{"class":2348},[42,151125,70],{"class":56},[42,151127,2781],{"class":2348},[42,151129,3970],{"class":56},[42,151131,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151133,2555],{"class":114},[42,151135,88],{"class":87},[42,151137,149452],{"class":834},[42,151139,57],{"class":56},[42,151141,3984],{"class":125},[42,151143,143],{"class":56},[42,151145,151146],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151147,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151149,151150,151152,151154,151156],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,151151,284],{"class":52},[42,151153,57],{"class":56},[42,151155,2592],{"class":125},[42,151157,143],{"class":56},[42,151159,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,151161,284],{"class":52},[42,151163,57],{"class":56},[42,151165,835],{"class":834},[42,151167,57],{"class":56},[42,151169,2592],{"class":125},[42,151171,842],{"class":56},[14,151173,2395],{},[33,151175,151177],{"className":35,"code":151176,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,151178,151179,151195],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151180,151181,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151182,57],{"class":56},[42,151184,3320],{"class":2348},[42,151186,70],{"class":56},[42,151188,3325],{"class":2348},[42,151190,70],{"class":56},[42,151192,2781],{"class":2348},[42,151194,143],{"class":56},[42,151196,151197,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151198,855],{"class":87},[42,151200,859],{"class":858},[42,151202,862],{"class":60},[42,151204,49315],{"class":64},[42,151206,868],{"class":60},[42,151208,871],{"class":87},[14,151210,146,151211,151213],{},[17,151212,151095],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[28,151215,151217],{"id":151216},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,151219,151220,63290],{},[17,151221,38408],{},[14,151223,49289],{},[167,151225,151226,151229,151232],{},[170,151227,151228],{},"creates a tuple object",[170,151230,151231],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[170,151233,151234],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,151236,151237,151238,151240,151241,122],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[693,151239,149390],{"href":149389}," or the full guide to ",[693,151242,148086],{"href":148085},[28,151244,312],{"id":311},[14,151246,26845],{},[33,151248,151250],{"className":35,"code":151249,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[17,151251,151252,151258],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151253,151254,151256],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151255,49315],{"class":834},[42,151257,129],{"class":56},[42,151259,151260,151262,151264,151266],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151261,49315],{"class":834},[42,151263,57],{"class":56},[42,151265,4057],{"class":125},[42,151267,143],{"class":56},[14,151269,165],{},[167,151271,151272,151275],{},[170,151273,151274],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[170,151276,151277,151278],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[167,151279,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288],{},[170,151281,5643],{},[170,151283,5652],{},[170,151285,63361],{},[170,151287,5649],{},[170,151289,7598],{},[14,151291,151292],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[28,151294,149763],{"id":149762},[14,151296,30009,151297,151299],{},[17,151298,38408],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[33,151301,151303],{"className":35,"code":151302,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[17,151304,151305,151315,151319,151329],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151306,151307,151309,151311,151313],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151308,124950],{"class":114},[42,151310,88],{"class":87},[42,151312,149452],{"class":834},[42,151314,129],{"class":56},[42,151316,151317],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151318,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151320,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151322,284],{"class":52},[42,151324,57],{"class":56},[42,151326,125001],{"class":125},[42,151328,143],{"class":56},[42,151330,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,151332,284],{"class":52},[42,151334,57],{"class":56},[42,151336,835],{"class":834},[42,151338,57],{"class":56},[42,151340,125001],{"class":125},[42,151342,842],{"class":56},[14,151344,2395],{},[33,151346,151347],{"className":35,"code":149808,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,151348,151349,151353],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151350,151351],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151352,129],{"class":56},[42,151354,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151356,855],{"class":87},[42,151358,859],{"class":858},[42,151360,862],{"class":60},[42,151362,49315],{"class":64},[42,151364,868],{"class":60},[42,151366,871],{"class":87},[14,151368,151369],{},"This is equivalent to:",[33,151371,151373],{"className":35,"code":151372,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty = ()\n",[17,151374,151375],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151376,151377,151379,151381],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151378,124950],{"class":114},[42,151380,88],{"class":87},[42,151382,149428],{"class":56},[28,151384,151386],{"id":151385},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1073,151388,151390],{"id":151389},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,151392,151393],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[33,151395,151397],{"className":35,"code":151396,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151398,151399,151419,151433,151437],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151400,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151402,3952],{"class":114},[42,151404,88],{"class":87},[42,151406,3957],{"class":56},[42,151408,2659],{"class":2348},[42,151410,70],{"class":56},[42,151412,8139],{"class":2348},[42,151414,70],{"class":56},[42,151416,8144],{"class":2348},[42,151418,3970],{"class":56},[42,151420,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151422,2555],{"class":114},[42,151424,88],{"class":87},[42,151426,149452],{"class":834},[42,151428,57],{"class":56},[42,151430,3984],{"class":125},[42,151432,143],{"class":56},[42,151434,151435],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151436,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151438,151439,151441,151443,151445],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,151440,284],{"class":52},[42,151442,57],{"class":56},[42,151444,2592],{"class":125},[42,151446,143],{"class":56},[14,151448,2395],{},[33,151450,151452],{"className":35,"code":151451,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[17,151453,151454],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151455,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151457,57],{"class":56},[42,151459,2659],{"class":2348},[42,151461,70],{"class":56},[42,151463,8139],{"class":2348},[42,151465,70],{"class":56},[42,151467,8144],{"class":2348},[42,151469,143],{"class":56},[14,151471,151472,151473,122],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[693,151474,105150],{"href":60421},[1073,151476,151478],{"id":151477},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,151480,151481],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[33,151483,151485],{"className":35,"code":151484,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151486,151487,151499,151513,151517],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151488,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151490,35048],{"class":114},[42,151492,88],{"class":87},[42,151494,73],{"class":60},[42,151496,37408],{"class":64},[42,151498,3689],{"class":60},[42,151500,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151502,2555],{"class":114},[42,151504,88],{"class":87},[42,151506,149452],{"class":834},[42,151508,57],{"class":56},[42,151510,444],{"class":125},[42,151512,143],{"class":56},[42,151514,151515],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151516,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151518,151519,151521,151523,151525],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,151520,284],{"class":52},[42,151522,57],{"class":56},[42,151524,2592],{"class":125},[42,151526,143],{"class":56},[14,151528,2395],{},[33,151530,151532],{"className":35,"code":151531,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[17,151533,151534],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151535,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151537,57],{"class":56},[42,151539,868],{"class":60},[42,151541,10090],{"class":64},[42,151543,868],{"class":60},[42,151545,70],{"class":56},[42,151547,862],{"class":60},[42,151549,693],{"class":64},[42,151551,868],{"class":60},[42,151553,70],{"class":56},[42,151555,862],{"class":60},[42,151557,63651],{"class":64},[42,151559,868],{"class":60},[42,151561,143],{"class":56},[14,151563,151564,151565,1518,151568,151570,151571,122],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[17,151566,151567],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[177,151569,179],{}," create ",[17,151572,151573],{},"('cat',)",[1073,151575,151577],{"id":151576},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151579,151580,151582,151583,151585],{},[17,151581,36558],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[17,151584,38408],{}," collects them all.",[33,151587,151589],{"className":35,"code":151588,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151590,151591,151609,151613],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151592,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151594,2555],{"class":114},[42,151596,88],{"class":87},[42,151598,149452],{"class":834},[42,151600,57],{"class":56},[42,151602,60364],{"class":52},[42,151604,57],{"class":56},[42,151606,2461],{"class":2348},[42,151608,842],{"class":56},[42,151610,151611],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151612,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151614,151615,151617,151619,151621],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151616,284],{"class":52},[42,151618,57],{"class":56},[42,151620,2592],{"class":125},[42,151622,143],{"class":56},[14,151624,2395],{},[33,151626,151628],{"className":35,"code":151627,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[17,151629,151630],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151633,57],{"class":56},[42,151635,2445],{"class":2348},[42,151637,70],{"class":56},[42,151639,5842],{"class":2348},[42,151641,70],{"class":56},[42,151643,3325],{"class":2348},[42,151645,70],{"class":56},[42,151647,2781],{"class":2348},[42,151649,70],{"class":56},[42,151651,2787],{"class":2348},[42,151653,143],{"class":56},[1073,151655,151657],{"id":151656},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151659,151660],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[33,151662,151664],{"className":35,"code":151663,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151665,151666,151686,151700,151704],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151667,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151669,4160],{"class":114},[42,151671,88],{"class":87},[42,151673,10842],{"class":56},[42,151675,3320],{"class":2348},[42,151677,70],{"class":56},[42,151679,3325],{"class":2348},[42,151681,70],{"class":56},[42,151683,2781],{"class":2348},[42,151685,9659],{"class":56},[42,151687,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151689,2555],{"class":114},[42,151691,88],{"class":87},[42,151693,149452],{"class":834},[42,151695,57],{"class":56},[42,151697,5702],{"class":125},[42,151699,143],{"class":56},[42,151701,151702],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151703,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151705,151706,151708,151710,151712],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,151707,284],{"class":52},[42,151709,57],{"class":56},[42,151711,2592],{"class":125},[42,151713,143],{"class":56},[14,151715,2395],{},[33,151717,151718],{"className":35,"code":149665,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,151719,151720],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151721,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151723,57],{"class":56},[42,151725,3320],{"class":2348},[42,151727,70],{"class":56},[42,151729,3325],{"class":2348},[42,151731,70],{"class":56},[42,151733,2781],{"class":2348},[42,151735,143],{"class":56},[14,151737,151738,151739,122],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[693,151740,151742],{"href":151741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1073,151744,151746],{"id":151745},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151748,63904,151749,151751],{},[17,151750,38408],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[33,151753,151755],{"className":35,"code":151754,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[17,151756,151757,151793,151807,151811],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151758,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151760,13562],{"class":114},[42,151762,88],{"class":87},[42,151764,10842],{"class":56},[42,151766,61],{"class":60},[42,151768,8016],{"class":64},[42,151770,61],{"class":60},[42,151772,1935],{"class":56},[42,151774,73],{"class":60},[42,151776,13237],{"class":64},[42,151778,61],{"class":60},[42,151780,70],{"class":56},[42,151782,73],{"class":60},[42,151784,9649],{"class":64},[42,151786,61],{"class":60},[42,151788,1935],{"class":56},[42,151790,9656],{"class":2348},[42,151792,9659],{"class":56},[42,151794,151795,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151796,2555],{"class":114},[42,151798,88],{"class":87},[42,151800,149452],{"class":834},[42,151802,57],{"class":56},[42,151804,17666],{"class":125},[42,151806,143],{"class":56},[42,151808,151809],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151810,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151812,151813,151815,151817,151819],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,151814,284],{"class":52},[42,151816,57],{"class":56},[42,151818,2592],{"class":125},[42,151820,143],{"class":56},[14,151822,845],{},[33,151824,151826],{"className":35,"code":151825,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('name', 'age')\n",[17,151827,151828],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151829,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151831,57],{"class":56},[42,151833,868],{"class":60},[42,151835,8016],{"class":64},[42,151837,868],{"class":60},[42,151839,70],{"class":56},[42,151841,862],{"class":60},[42,151843,9649],{"class":64},[42,151845,868],{"class":60},[42,151847,143],{"class":56},[28,151849,151851],{"id":151850},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151853,151854],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151856,151857,151860],{},[17,151858,151859],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[33,151862,151864],{"className":35,"code":151863,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[17,151865,151866,151902,151906,151920],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151867,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151869,13562],{"class":114},[42,151871,88],{"class":87},[42,151873,10842],{"class":56},[42,151875,61],{"class":60},[42,151877,8016],{"class":64},[42,151879,61],{"class":60},[42,151881,1935],{"class":56},[42,151883,73],{"class":60},[42,151885,13237],{"class":64},[42,151887,61],{"class":60},[42,151889,70],{"class":56},[42,151891,73],{"class":60},[42,151893,9649],{"class":64},[42,151895,61],{"class":60},[42,151897,1935],{"class":56},[42,151899,9656],{"class":2348},[42,151901,9659],{"class":56},[42,151903,151904],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151905,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,151907,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,151909,284],{"class":52},[42,151911,57],{"class":56},[42,151913,49315],{"class":834},[42,151915,57],{"class":56},[42,151917,17666],{"class":125},[42,151919,842],{"class":56},[42,151921,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932,151934,151936],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,151923,284],{"class":52},[42,151925,57],{"class":56},[42,151927,49315],{"class":834},[42,151929,57],{"class":56},[42,151931,17666],{"class":125},[42,151933,122],{"class":56},[42,151935,8159],{"class":125},[42,151937,6636],{"class":56},[14,151939,2395],{},[33,151941,151943],{"className":35,"code":151942,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[17,151944,151945,151965],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,151946,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955,151957,151959,151961,151963],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,151948,57],{"class":56},[42,151950,868],{"class":60},[42,151952,8016],{"class":64},[42,151954,868],{"class":60},[42,151956,70],{"class":56},[42,151958,862],{"class":60},[42,151960,9649],{"class":64},[42,151962,868],{"class":60},[42,151964,143],{"class":56},[42,151966,151967,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,151968,5855],{"class":56},[42,151970,868],{"class":60},[42,151972,8016],{"class":64},[42,151974,868],{"class":60},[42,151976,70],{"class":56},[42,151978,862],{"class":60},[42,151980,13237],{"class":64},[42,151982,868],{"class":60},[42,151984,9583],{"class":56},[42,151986,9586],{"class":56},[42,151988,868],{"class":60},[42,151990,9649],{"class":64},[42,151992,868],{"class":60},[42,151994,70],{"class":56},[42,151996,9656],{"class":2348},[42,151998,842],{"class":56},[14,152000,19053],{},[167,152002,152003,152008],{},[170,152004,152005,152007],{},[17,152006,151859],{}," for keys",[170,152009,152010,32917],{},[17,152011,152012],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,152014,152015,152016,122],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[693,152017,63914],{"href":63913},[28,152019,152021],{"id":152020},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,152023,152024,18677],{},[17,152025,38408],{},[167,152027,152028,152031,152034,152037],{},[170,152029,152030],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[170,152032,152033],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[170,152035,152036],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[170,152038,152039],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,152041,219],{},[33,152043,152045],{"className":35,"code":152044,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[17,152046,152047,152066],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152048,152049,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060,152062,152064],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152050,152051],{"class":114},"coordinates ",[42,152053,88],{"class":87},[42,152055,149452],{"class":834},[42,152057,3317],{"class":56},[42,152059,2836],{"class":2348},[42,152061,70],{"class":56},[42,152063,6339],{"class":2348},[42,152065,4226],{"class":56},[42,152067,152068,152070,152072,152075],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,152069,284],{"class":52},[42,152071,57],{"class":56},[42,152073,152074],{"class":125},"coordinates",[42,152076,143],{"class":56},[14,152078,2395],{},[33,152080,152082],{"className":35,"code":152081,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(4, 7)\n",[17,152083,152084],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152085,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152087,57],{"class":56},[42,152089,2836],{"class":2348},[42,152091,70],{"class":56},[42,152093,6339],{"class":2348},[42,152095,143],{"class":56},[14,152097,152098],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[167,152100,152101,152103,152106,152109],{},[170,152102,152074],{},[170,152104,152105],{},"RGB colors",[170,152107,152108],{},"dates",[170,152110,152111],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[28,152113,152115],{"id":152114},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,152117,44791,152118,10953],{},[17,152119,38408],{},[167,152121,152122,152125,152128],{},[170,152123,152124],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[170,152126,152127],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[170,152129,152130],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,152132,116577,152133,152135],{},[177,152134,179],{}," work:",[33,152137,152139],{"className":35,"code":152138,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tuple(5)\n",[17,152140,152141],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152142,152143,152145,152147,152149],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152144,49315],{"class":834},[42,152146,57],{"class":56},[42,152148,2461],{"class":2348},[42,152150,143],{"class":56},[14,152152,152153],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,152155,152156],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[28,152158,115415],{"id":115414},[14,152160,152161],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1073,152163,152165],{"id":152164},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,152167,3168],{},[33,152169,152170],{"className":35,"code":152138,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,152171,152172],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152173,152174,152176,152178,152180],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152175,49315],{"class":834},[42,152177,57],{"class":56},[42,152179,2461],{"class":2348},[42,152181,143],{"class":56},[14,152183,30040],{},[33,152185,152186],{"className":35,"code":64018,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,152187,152188],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152189,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152191,3338],{"class":834},[42,152193,1935],{"class":56},[42,152195,862],{"class":60},[42,152197,2513],{"class":64},[42,152199,868],{"class":60},[42,152201,24975],{"class":834},[42,152203,8446],{"class":87},[42,152205,8449],{"class":87},[42,152207,64041],{"class":114},[14,152209,152210,152211,122],{},"If you see this, read ",[693,152212,62655],{"href":52963},[1073,152214,152216],{"id":152215},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,152218,152219],{},"This code:",[33,152221,152223],{"className":35,"code":152222,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[17,152224,152225],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152226,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152228,49315],{"class":834},[42,152230,57],{"class":56},[42,152232,61],{"class":60},[42,152234,4183],{"class":64},[42,152236,61],{"class":60},[42,152238,143],{"class":56},[14,152240,152241],{},"returns:",[33,152243,152245],{"className":35,"code":152244,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[17,152246,152247],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152248,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152250,57],{"class":56},[42,152252,868],{"class":60},[42,152254,60804],{"class":64},[42,152256,868],{"class":60},[42,152258,70],{"class":56},[42,152260,862],{"class":60},[42,152262,60813],{"class":64},[42,152264,868],{"class":60},[42,152266,70],{"class":56},[42,152268,862],{"class":60},[42,152270,60822],{"class":64},[42,152272,868],{"class":60},[42,152274,70],{"class":56},[42,152276,862],{"class":60},[42,152278,60822],{"class":64},[42,152280,868],{"class":60},[42,152282,70],{"class":56},[42,152284,862],{"class":60},[42,152286,60839],{"class":64},[42,152288,868],{"class":60},[42,152290,143],{"class":56},[14,152292,175,152293,152295],{},[177,152294,179],{}," return:",[33,152297,152299],{"className":35,"code":152298,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('hello',)\n",[17,152300,152301],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152302,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152304,57],{"class":56},[42,152306,868],{"class":60},[42,152308,4183],{"class":64},[42,152310,868],{"class":60},[42,152312,149442],{"class":56},[14,152314,152315],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[33,152317,152319],{"className":35,"code":152318,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[17,152320,152321,152338],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152322,152323,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152324,152325],{"class":114},"single ",[42,152327,88],{"class":87},[42,152329,9586],{"class":56},[42,152331,61],{"class":60},[42,152333,4183],{"class":64},[42,152335,61],{"class":60},[42,152337,149442],{"class":56},[42,152339,152340,152342,152344,152347],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,152341,284],{"class":52},[42,152343,57],{"class":56},[42,152345,152346],{"class":125},"single",[42,152348,143],{"class":56},[1073,152350,152352],{"id":152351},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,152354,152219],{},[33,152356,152358],{"className":35,"code":152357,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[17,152359,152360,152392],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152361,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152363,9516],{"class":114},[42,152365,88],{"class":87},[42,152367,10842],{"class":56},[42,152369,61],{"class":60},[42,152371,693],{"class":64},[42,152373,61],{"class":60},[42,152375,1935],{"class":56},[42,152377,5842],{"class":2348},[42,152379,70],{"class":56},[42,152381,73],{"class":60},[42,152383,5102],{"class":64},[42,152385,61],{"class":60},[42,152387,1935],{"class":56},[42,152389,3325],{"class":2348},[42,152391,9659],{"class":56},[42,152393,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,152395,284],{"class":52},[42,152397,57],{"class":56},[42,152399,49315],{"class":834},[42,152401,57],{"class":56},[42,152403,9554],{"class":125},[42,152405,842],{"class":56},[14,152407,152408],{},"returns only the keys:",[33,152410,152412],{"className":35,"code":152411,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('a', 'b')\n",[17,152413,152414],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152415,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152417,57],{"class":56},[42,152419,868],{"class":60},[42,152421,693],{"class":64},[42,152423,868],{"class":60},[42,152425,70],{"class":56},[42,152427,862],{"class":60},[42,152429,5102],{"class":64},[42,152431,868],{"class":60},[42,152433,143],{"class":56},[14,152435,152436],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[33,152438,152440],{"className":35,"code":152439,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[17,152441,152442],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152443,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152445,284],{"class":52},[42,152447,57],{"class":56},[42,152449,49315],{"class":834},[42,152451,57],{"class":56},[42,152453,9554],{"class":125},[42,152455,122],{"class":56},[42,152457,8159],{"class":125},[42,152459,6636],{"class":56},[1073,152461,152463],{"id":152462},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,152465,152466,152467,152469],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[17,152468,38408],{}," conversion.",[14,152471,5816],{},[33,152473,152475],{"className":35,"code":152474,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[17,152476,152477,152497],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152478,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152480,2776],{"class":114},[42,152482,88],{"class":87},[42,152484,9586],{"class":56},[42,152486,3320],{"class":2348},[42,152488,70],{"class":56},[42,152490,3325],{"class":2348},[42,152492,70],{"class":56},[42,152494,2781],{"class":2348},[42,152496,143],{"class":56},[42,152498,152499,152501,152503,152505],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,152500,284],{"class":52},[42,152502,57],{"class":56},[42,152504,2803],{"class":125},[42,152506,143],{"class":56},[14,152508,152509],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,152511,25863,152512,152514],{},[17,152513,38408],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[28,152516,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,152518,152520],{"id":152519},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152522,152523],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1073,152525,152527],{"id":152526},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152529,152530,152531,122],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[17,152532,7713],{},[1073,152534,152536],{"id":152535},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152538,152539],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1073,152541,152543],{"id":152542},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152545,152546],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1073,152548,152550],{"id":152549},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152552,152553,152554,122],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[17,152555,3338],{},[28,152557,2205],{"id":2204},[167,152559,152560,152564,152568,152572,152576,152580],{},[170,152561,152562],{},[693,152563,148086],{"href":148085},[170,152565,152566],{},[693,152567,151013],{"href":149389},[170,152569,152570],{},[693,152571,105150],{"href":60421},[170,152573,152574],{},[693,152575,151742],{"href":151741},[170,152577,152578],{},[693,152579,63914],{"href":63913},[170,152581,152582],{},[693,152583,62655],{"href":52963},[2245,152585,152586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":152588},[152589,152590,152591,152592,152593,152600,152601,152602,152603,152609,152616],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":151216,"depth":111,"text":151217},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":149762,"depth":111,"text":149763},{"id":151385,"depth":111,"text":151386,"children":152594},[152595,152596,152597,152598,152599],{"id":151389,"depth":132,"text":151390},{"id":151477,"depth":132,"text":151478},{"id":151576,"depth":132,"text":151577},{"id":151656,"depth":132,"text":151657},{"id":151745,"depth":132,"text":151746},{"id":151850,"depth":111,"text":151851},{"id":152020,"depth":111,"text":152021},{"id":152114,"depth":111,"text":152115},{"id":115414,"depth":111,"text":115415,"children":152604},[152605,152606,152607,152608],{"id":152164,"depth":132,"text":152165},{"id":152215,"depth":132,"text":152216},{"id":152351,"depth":132,"text":152352},{"id":152462,"depth":132,"text":152463},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":152610},[152611,152612,152613,152614,152615],{"id":152519,"depth":132,"text":152520},{"id":152526,"depth":132,"text":152527},{"id":152535,"depth":132,"text":152536},{"id":152542,"depth":132,"text":152543},{"id":152549,"depth":132,"text":152550},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":151071,"description":152617},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152624,"title":152625,"body":152626,"description":154039,"extension":2285,"meta":154040,"navigation":2287,"path":154041,"seo":154042,"stem":154043,"__hash__":154044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152627,"toc":154011},[152628,152633,152638,152641,152643,152722,152728,152733,152737,152752,152754,152801,152803,152811,152819,152825,152827,152832,152852,152855,152882,152884,152908,152910,153052,153054,153058,153066,153069,153071,153148,153150,153158,153162,153166,153176,153186,153188,153193,153195,153254,153259,153261,153361,153363,153377,153382,153388,153395,153398,153400,153510,153514,153531,153533,153596,153598,153606,153618,153622,153627,153655,153658,153740,153742,153753,153755,153759,153786,153788,153790,153870,153878,153880,153935,153937,153942,153945,153949,153953,153955,153959,153963,153971,153978,153981,153983,154008],[10,152629,147970,152631,11676],{"id":152630},"python-tuple-index-method",[17,152632,59333],{},[14,152634,152635,152637],{},[17,152636,149291],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152639,152640],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[28,152642,31],{"id":30},[33,152644,152646],{"className":35,"code":152645,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[17,152647,152648,152688,152710],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152649,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152651,13433],{"class":114},[42,152653,88],{"class":87},[42,152655,9586],{"class":56},[42,152657,61],{"class":60},[42,152659,13450],{"class":64},[42,152661,61],{"class":60},[42,152663,70],{"class":56},[42,152665,73],{"class":60},[42,152667,13467],{"class":64},[42,152669,61],{"class":60},[42,152671,70],{"class":56},[42,152673,73],{"class":60},[42,152675,17814],{"class":64},[42,152677,61],{"class":60},[42,152679,70],{"class":56},[42,152681,73],{"class":60},[42,152683,13467],{"class":64},[42,152685,61],{"class":60},[42,152687,143],{"class":56},[42,152689,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,152691,65284],{"class":114},[42,152693,88],{"class":87},[42,152695,13481],{"class":114},[42,152697,122],{"class":56},[42,152699,36205],{"class":125},[42,152701,57],{"class":56},[42,152703,61],{"class":60},[42,152705,13467],{"class":64},[42,152707,61],{"class":60},[42,152709,143],{"class":56},[42,152711,152712,152714,152716,152718,152720],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,152713,284],{"class":52},[42,152715,57],{"class":56},[42,152717,65311],{"class":125},[42,152719,98],{"class":56},[42,152721,28138],{"class":525},[14,152723,152724,152727],{},[17,152725,152726],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[28,152729,4013,152731,4016],{"id":152730},"what-tupleindex-does",[17,152732,149291],{},[14,152734,2303,152735,11767],{},[17,152736,59333],{},[167,152738,152739,152742,152744,152747],{},[170,152740,152741],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[170,152743,128568],{},[170,152745,152746],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[170,152748,152749,152750],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[17,152751,2445],{},[14,152753,219],{},[33,152755,152757],{"className":35,"code":152756,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[17,152758,152759,152783],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152760,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152762,3952],{"class":114},[42,152764,88],{"class":87},[42,152766,9586],{"class":56},[42,152768,2659],{"class":2348},[42,152770,70],{"class":56},[42,152772,8139],{"class":2348},[42,152774,70],{"class":56},[42,152776,8144],{"class":2348},[42,152778,70],{"class":56},[42,152780,8139],{"class":2348},[42,152782,143],{"class":56},[42,152784,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,152786,284],{"class":52},[42,152788,57],{"class":56},[42,152790,3984],{"class":125},[42,152792,122],{"class":56},[42,152794,36205],{"class":125},[42,152796,57],{"class":56},[42,152798,16112],{"class":2348},[42,152800,842],{"class":56},[14,152802,2395],{},[33,152804,152805],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,152806,152807],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152808,152809],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152810,47280],{"class":2348},[14,152812,21335,152813,152815,152816,152818],{},[17,152814,16112],{}," appears twice, ",[17,152817,59333],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152820,151237,152821,122],{},[693,152822,152824],{"href":152823},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[28,152826,312],{"id":311},[14,152828,8111,152829,152831],{},[17,152830,59333],{}," in two ways:",[33,152833,152835],{"className":35,"code":152834,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[17,152836,152837],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152838,152839,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152840,152841],{"class":114},"tuple_name",[42,152843,122],{"class":56},[42,152845,36205],{"class":125},[42,152847,57],{"class":56},[42,152849,2803],{"class":125},[42,152851,143],{"class":56},[14,152853,152854],{},"or:",[33,152856,152858],{"className":35,"code":152857,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[17,152859,152860],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152861,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152863,152841],{"class":114},[42,152865,122],{"class":56},[42,152867,36205],{"class":125},[42,152869,57],{"class":56},[42,152871,2803],{"class":125},[42,152873,70],{"class":56},[42,152875,36411],{"class":125},[42,152877,70],{"class":56},[42,152879,65405],{"class":125},[42,152881,143],{"class":56},[1073,152883,17754],{"id":17753},[167,152885,152886,152891,152896,152901],{},[170,152887,152888,152890],{},[17,152889,2803],{}," — the item to search for",[170,152892,152893,152895],{},[17,152894,36432],{}," — optional starting position",[170,152897,152898,152900],{},[17,152899,53024],{}," — optional ending position",[170,152902,152903,5125,152905,152907],{},[17,152904,53024],{},[177,152906,65433],{}," in the search",[14,152909,219],{},[33,152911,152913],{"className":35,"code":152912,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[17,152914,152915,152963,152967,152992,153020],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,152916,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,152918,36450],{"class":114},[42,152920,88],{"class":87},[42,152922,9586],{"class":56},[42,152924,61],{"class":60},[42,152926,693],{"class":64},[42,152928,61],{"class":60},[42,152930,70],{"class":56},[42,152932,73],{"class":60},[42,152934,5102],{"class":64},[42,152936,61],{"class":60},[42,152938,70],{"class":56},[42,152940,73],{"class":60},[42,152942,10090],{"class":64},[42,152944,61],{"class":60},[42,152946,70],{"class":56},[42,152948,73],{"class":60},[42,152950,5102],{"class":64},[42,152952,61],{"class":60},[42,152954,70],{"class":56},[42,152956,73],{"class":60},[42,152958,19126],{"class":64},[42,152960,61],{"class":60},[42,152962,143],{"class":56},[42,152964,152965],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,152966,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,152968,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,152970,284],{"class":52},[42,152972,57],{"class":56},[42,152974,36503],{"class":125},[42,152976,122],{"class":56},[42,152978,36205],{"class":125},[42,152980,57],{"class":56},[42,152982,61],{"class":60},[42,152984,5102],{"class":64},[42,152986,61],{"class":60},[42,152988,5705],{"class":56},[42,152990,152991],{"class":525},"        # 1\n",[42,152993,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,152995,284],{"class":52},[42,152997,57],{"class":56},[42,152999,36503],{"class":125},[42,153001,122],{"class":56},[42,153003,36205],{"class":125},[42,153005,57],{"class":56},[42,153007,61],{"class":60},[42,153009,5102],{"class":64},[42,153011,61],{"class":60},[42,153013,70],{"class":56},[42,153015,3325],{"class":2348},[42,153017,5705],{"class":56},[42,153019,51281],{"class":525},[42,153021,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,153023,284],{"class":52},[42,153025,57],{"class":56},[42,153027,36503],{"class":125},[42,153029,122],{"class":56},[42,153031,36205],{"class":125},[42,153033,57],{"class":56},[42,153035,61],{"class":60},[42,153037,5102],{"class":64},[42,153039,61],{"class":60},[42,153041,70],{"class":56},[42,153043,5842],{"class":2348},[42,153045,70],{"class":56},[42,153047,2781],{"class":2348},[42,153049,5705],{"class":56},[42,153051,28138],{"class":525},[28,153053,103477],{"id":103476},[14,153055,153056,25866],{},[17,153057,149291],{},[167,153059,153060,153063],{},[170,153061,153062],{},"An integer",[170,153064,153065],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,153067,153068],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,153070,219],{},[33,153072,153074],{"className":35,"code":153073,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[17,153075,153076,153116,153138],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153077,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153079,108576],{"class":114},[42,153081,88],{"class":87},[42,153083,9586],{"class":56},[42,153085,61],{"class":60},[42,153087,37408],{"class":64},[42,153089,61],{"class":60},[42,153091,70],{"class":56},[42,153093,73],{"class":60},[42,153095,58492],{"class":64},[42,153097,61],{"class":60},[42,153099,70],{"class":56},[42,153101,73],{"class":60},[42,153103,58509],{"class":64},[42,153105,61],{"class":60},[42,153107,70],{"class":56},[42,153109,73],{"class":60},[42,153111,58492],{"class":64},[42,153113,61],{"class":60},[42,153115,143],{"class":56},[42,153117,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153119,2555],{"class":114},[42,153121,88],{"class":87},[42,153123,108619],{"class":114},[42,153125,122],{"class":56},[42,153127,36205],{"class":125},[42,153129,57],{"class":56},[42,153131,61],{"class":60},[42,153133,58492],{"class":64},[42,153135,61],{"class":60},[42,153137,143],{"class":56},[42,153139,153140,153142,153144,153146],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,153141,284],{"class":52},[42,153143,57],{"class":56},[42,153145,2592],{"class":125},[42,153147,143],{"class":56},[14,153149,2395],{},[33,153151,153152],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,153153,153154],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153155,153156],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153157,47280],{"class":2348},[28,153159,153161],{"id":153160},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,153163,146,153164,10953],{},[17,153165,149291],{},[167,153167,153168,153170,153173],{},[170,153169,66462],{},[170,153171,153172],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[170,153174,153175],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,153177,153178,153179,153182,153183,122],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[17,153180,153181],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[693,153184,149759],{"href":153185},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[28,153187,65994],{"id":65993},[14,153189,153190,153191,122],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[17,153192,41067],{},[14,153194,219],{},[33,153196,153198],{"className":35,"code":153197,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[17,153199,153200,153232],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153201,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153203,13433],{"class":114},[42,153205,88],{"class":87},[42,153207,9586],{"class":56},[42,153209,61],{"class":60},[42,153211,13450],{"class":64},[42,153213,61],{"class":60},[42,153215,70],{"class":56},[42,153217,73],{"class":60},[42,153219,13467],{"class":64},[42,153221,61],{"class":60},[42,153223,70],{"class":56},[42,153225,73],{"class":60},[42,153227,17814],{"class":64},[42,153229,61],{"class":60},[42,153231,143],{"class":56},[42,153233,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153235,284],{"class":52},[42,153237,57],{"class":56},[42,153239,17861],{"class":125},[42,153241,122],{"class":56},[42,153243,36205],{"class":125},[42,153245,57],{"class":56},[42,153247,61],{"class":60},[42,153249,22881],{"class":64},[42,153251,61],{"class":60},[42,153253,842],{"class":56},[14,153255,40016,153256,153258],{},[17,153257,109901],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,153260,66069],{},[33,153262,153264],{"className":35,"code":153263,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[17,153265,153266,153298,153302,153318,153340,153346],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153267,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153269,13433],{"class":114},[42,153271,88],{"class":87},[42,153273,9586],{"class":56},[42,153275,61],{"class":60},[42,153277,13450],{"class":64},[42,153279,61],{"class":60},[42,153281,70],{"class":56},[42,153283,73],{"class":60},[42,153285,13467],{"class":64},[42,153287,61],{"class":60},[42,153289,70],{"class":56},[42,153291,73],{"class":60},[42,153293,17814],{"class":64},[42,153295,61],{"class":60},[42,153297,143],{"class":56},[42,153299,153300],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153301,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,153303,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,153305,7345],{"class":48},[42,153307,73],{"class":60},[42,153309,22881],{"class":64},[42,153311,61],{"class":60},[42,153313,21531],{"class":87},[42,153315,13481],{"class":114},[42,153317,108],{"class":56},[42,153319,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,153321,135],{"class":52},[42,153323,57],{"class":56},[42,153325,17861],{"class":125},[42,153327,122],{"class":56},[42,153329,36205],{"class":125},[42,153331,57],{"class":56},[42,153333,61],{"class":60},[42,153335,22881],{"class":64},[42,153337,61],{"class":60},[42,153339,842],{"class":56},[42,153341,153342,153344],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,153343,27792],{"class":48},[42,153345,108],{"class":56},[42,153347,153348,153350,153352,153354,153357,153359],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,153349,135],{"class":52},[42,153351,57],{"class":56},[42,153353,61],{"class":60},[42,153355,153356],{"class":64},"Value not found",[42,153358,61],{"class":60},[42,153360,143],{"class":56},[14,153362,2395],{},[33,153364,153366],{"className":35,"code":153365,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Value not found\n",[17,153367,153368],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153369,153370,153373,153375],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153371,153372],{"class":114},"Value ",[42,153374,179],{"class":87},[42,153376,66193],{"class":114},[14,153378,153379,153380,122],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[693,153381,66203],{"href":66202},[28,153383,1940,153384,1753,153386],{"id":65770},[17,153385,36432],{},[17,153387,53024],{},[14,153389,2303,153390,1753,153392,153394],{},[17,153391,36432],{},[17,153393,53024],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,153396,153397],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,153399,219],{},[33,153401,153403],{"className":35,"code":153402,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[17,153404,153405,153433,153437,153458,153482],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153406,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425,153427,153429,153431],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153408,4160],{"class":114},[42,153410,88],{"class":87},[42,153412,9586],{"class":56},[42,153414,2461],{"class":2348},[42,153416,70],{"class":56},[42,153418,6350],{"class":2348},[42,153420,70],{"class":56},[42,153422,4946],{"class":2348},[42,153424,70],{"class":56},[42,153426,8139],{"class":2348},[42,153428,70],{"class":56},[42,153430,4946],{"class":2348},[42,153432,143],{"class":56},[42,153434,153435],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153436,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,153438,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,153440,284],{"class":52},[42,153442,57],{"class":56},[42,153444,5702],{"class":125},[42,153446,122],{"class":56},[42,153448,36205],{"class":125},[42,153450,57],{"class":56},[42,153452,2461],{"class":2348},[42,153454,5705],{"class":56},[42,153456,153457],{"class":525},"        # 0\n",[42,153459,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,153461,284],{"class":52},[42,153463,57],{"class":56},[42,153465,5702],{"class":125},[42,153467,122],{"class":56},[42,153469,36205],{"class":125},[42,153471,57],{"class":56},[42,153473,2461],{"class":2348},[42,153475,70],{"class":56},[42,153477,5842],{"class":2348},[42,153479,5705],{"class":56},[42,153481,51315],{"class":525},[42,153483,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,153485,284],{"class":52},[42,153487,57],{"class":56},[42,153489,5702],{"class":125},[42,153491,122],{"class":56},[42,153493,36205],{"class":125},[42,153495,57],{"class":56},[42,153497,2461],{"class":2348},[42,153499,70],{"class":56},[42,153501,2781],{"class":2348},[42,153503,70],{"class":56},[42,153505,4946],{"class":2348},[42,153507,5705],{"class":56},[42,153509,51298],{"class":525},[1073,153511,153513],{"id":153512},"how-it-works","How it works",[167,153515,153516,153521,153526],{},[170,153517,153518,153520],{},[17,153519,36432],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[170,153522,153523,153525],{},[17,153524,53024],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[170,153527,2303,153528,153530],{},[17,153529,53024],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153532,219],{},[33,153534,153536],{"className":35,"code":153535,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[17,153537,153538,153566,153570],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153539,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153541,4160],{"class":114},[42,153543,88],{"class":87},[42,153545,9586],{"class":56},[42,153547,2461],{"class":2348},[42,153549,70],{"class":56},[42,153551,6350],{"class":2348},[42,153553,70],{"class":56},[42,153555,4946],{"class":2348},[42,153557,70],{"class":56},[42,153559,8139],{"class":2348},[42,153561,70],{"class":56},[42,153563,4946],{"class":2348},[42,153565,143],{"class":56},[42,153567,153568],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153569,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,153571,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,153573,284],{"class":52},[42,153575,57],{"class":56},[42,153577,5702],{"class":125},[42,153579,122],{"class":56},[42,153581,36205],{"class":125},[42,153583,57],{"class":56},[42,153585,2461],{"class":2348},[42,153587,70],{"class":56},[42,153589,5842],{"class":2348},[42,153591,70],{"class":56},[42,153593,2787],{"class":2348},[42,153595,842],{"class":56},[14,153597,2395],{},[33,153599,153600],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,153601,153602],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153603,153604],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153605,17415],{"class":2348},[14,153607,153608,153609,2514,153611,17431,153613,153615,153616,122],{},"Python searches positions ",[17,153610,3320],{},[17,153612,2381],{},[17,153614,2387],{},", but not ",[17,153617,2836],{},[28,153619,153621],{"id":153620},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153623,153624,153625,1935],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[17,153626,149291],{},[167,153628,153629,153637,153642,153649],{},[170,153630,153631,153632,153634,153635],{},"Do not confuse the ",[177,153633,2803],{}," with the ",[177,153636,36205],{},[170,153638,153639,153640],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[17,153641,2445],{},[170,153643,146,153644,153648],{},[693,153645,149317,153646,11093],{"href":149369},[17,153647,57655],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[170,153650,153651,153652,153654],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[17,153653,153181],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153656,153657],{},"Example of value vs index:",[33,153659,153661],{"className":35,"code":153660,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[17,153662,153663,153695,153699,153723],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153664,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153666,36599],{"class":114},[42,153668,88],{"class":87},[42,153670,9586],{"class":56},[42,153672,61],{"class":60},[42,153674,4418],{"class":64},[42,153676,61],{"class":60},[42,153678,70],{"class":56},[42,153680,73],{"class":60},[42,153682,4427],{"class":64},[42,153684,61],{"class":60},[42,153686,70],{"class":56},[42,153688,73],{"class":60},[42,153690,33581],{"class":64},[42,153692,61],{"class":60},[42,153694,143],{"class":56},[42,153696,153697],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153698,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,153700,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717,153719,153721],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,153702,284],{"class":52},[42,153704,57],{"class":56},[42,153706,36651],{"class":125},[42,153708,122],{"class":56},[42,153710,36205],{"class":125},[42,153712,57],{"class":56},[42,153714,61],{"class":60},[42,153716,4427],{"class":64},[42,153718,61],{"class":60},[42,153720,5705],{"class":56},[42,153722,28138],{"class":525},[42,153724,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,153726,284],{"class":52},[42,153728,57],{"class":56},[42,153730,36651],{"class":125},[42,153732,4238],{"class":56},[42,153734,3320],{"class":2348},[42,153736,20804],{"class":56},[42,153738,153739],{"class":525},"               # banana\n",[14,153741,2503],{},[167,153743,153744,153748],{},[170,153745,153746,15604],{},[17,153747,65638],{},[170,153749,153750,153752],{},[17,153751,3320],{}," is the index",[28,153754,1929],{"id":1928},[14,153756,106215,153757,1935],{},[17,153758,149291],{},[167,153760,153761,153764,153769,153774,153781],{},[170,153762,153763],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[170,153765,8803,153766,153768],{},[17,153767,59333],{}," to return all matching positions",[170,153770,153771,153772],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[17,153773,2445],{},[170,153775,153776,153777,1753,153779],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[17,153778,36432],{},[17,153780,53024],{},[170,153782,37565,153783,153785],{},[17,153784,149291],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1073,153787,61074],{"id":61073},[14,153789,94477],{},[33,153791,153793],{"className":35,"code":153792,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[17,153794,153795,153805,153819,153834,153852],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153796,153797,153799,153801,153803],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153798,284],{"class":52},[42,153800,57],{"class":56},[42,153802,148104],{"class":125},[42,153804,143],{"class":56},[42,153806,153807,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153808,284],{"class":52},[42,153810,57],{"class":56},[42,153812,11515],{"class":52},[42,153814,57],{"class":56},[42,153816,148104],{"class":125},[42,153818,842],{"class":56},[42,153820,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153832],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,153822,284],{"class":52},[42,153824,57],{"class":56},[42,153826,2776],{"class":125},[42,153828,1299],{"class":48},[42,153830,153831],{"class":125}," my_tuple",[42,153833,143],{"class":56},[42,153835,153836,153838,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,153837,284],{"class":52},[42,153839,57],{"class":56},[42,153841,148104],{"class":125},[42,153843,122],{"class":56},[42,153845,41622],{"class":125},[42,153847,57],{"class":56},[42,153849,2803],{"class":125},[42,153851,842],{"class":56},[42,153853,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864,153866,153868],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,153855,284],{"class":52},[42,153857,57],{"class":56},[42,153859,148104],{"class":125},[42,153861,122],{"class":56},[42,153863,36205],{"class":125},[42,153865,57],{"class":56},[42,153867,2803],{"class":125},[42,153869,842],{"class":56},[14,153871,153872,153873,84758,153875,153877],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[17,153874,41067],{},[17,153876,2803],{}," is missing.",[14,153879,129721],{},[33,153881,153883],{"className":35,"code":153882,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[17,153884,153885,153897,153915,153921],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,153886,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,153888,7345],{"class":48},[42,153890,21942],{"class":114},[42,153892,1299],{"class":87},[42,153894,153831],{"class":114},[42,153896,108],{"class":56},[42,153898,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,153900,135],{"class":52},[42,153902,57],{"class":56},[42,153904,148104],{"class":125},[42,153906,122],{"class":56},[42,153908,36205],{"class":125},[42,153910,57],{"class":56},[42,153912,2803],{"class":125},[42,153914,842],{"class":56},[42,153916,153917,153919],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,153918,27792],{"class":48},[42,153920,108],{"class":56},[42,153922,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,153924,135],{"class":52},[42,153926,57],{"class":56},[42,153928,61],{"class":60},[42,153930,153356],{"class":64},[42,153932,61],{"class":60},[42,153934,143],{"class":56},[28,153936,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,153938,5485,153940,13072],{"id":153939},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[17,153941,149291],{},[14,153943,153944],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1073,153946,153948],{"id":153947},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153950,153951,152818],{},[17,153952,149291],{},[1073,153954,149270],{"id":149269},[14,153956,77220,153957,122],{},[17,153958,41067],{},[1073,153960,153962],{"id":153961},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153964,153965,153966,1753,153968,153970],{},"Yes. You can use ",[17,153967,36432],{},[17,153969,53024],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1073,153972,15260,153974,57570,153976,2823],{"id":153973},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[17,153975,149291],{},[17,153977,65230],{},[14,153979,153980],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[28,153982,2205],{"id":2204},[167,153984,153985,153991,153995,154000,154004],{},[170,153986,153987],{},[693,153988,149317,153989,11093],{"href":149369},[17,153990,57655],{},[170,153992,153993],{},[693,153994,149759],{"href":153185},[170,153996,153997],{},[693,153998,153999],{"href":151065},"Creating a tuple in Python",[170,154001,154002],{},[693,154003,66203],{"href":66202},[170,154005,154006],{},[693,154007,151013],{"href":152823},[2245,154009,154010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312,"children":154017},[154018],{"id":17753,"depth":132,"text":17754},{"id":103476,"depth":111,"text":103477},{"id":153160,"depth":111,"text":153161},{"id":65993,"depth":111,"text":65994},{"id":65770,"depth":111,"text":66553,"children":154023},[154024],{"id":153512,"depth":132,"text":153513},{"id":153620,"depth":111,"text":153621},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929,"children":154027},[154028],{"id":61073,"depth":132,"text":61074},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":154030},[154031,154033,154034,154035,154036],{"id":153939,"depth":132,"text":154032},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153947,"depth":132,"text":153948},{"id":149269,"depth":132,"text":149270},{"id":153961,"depth":132,"text":153962},{"id":153973,"depth":132,"text":154037},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152625,"description":154039},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":154046,"title":154047,"body":154048,"description":155443,"extension":2285,"meta":155444,"navigation":2287,"path":153185,"seo":155445,"stem":155446,"__hash__":155447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":154049,"toc":155425},[154050,154053,154056,154059,154073,154075,154078,154172,154182,154188,154192,154195,154198,154200,154218,154220,154291,154293,154310,154314,154318,154321,154338,154341,154356,154358,154449,154452,154456,154459,154476,154478,154573,154576,154579,154583,154586,154680,154682,154701,154704,154708,154711,154713,154768,154770,154805,154808,154822,154830,154923,154932,154936,154939,154946,154949,154996,154998,155006,155009,155060,155062,155079,155084,155088,155091,155094,155096,155147,155150,155205,155208,155211,155213,155216,155236,155238,155311,155314,155327,155329,155333,155338,155342,155347,155364,155368,155371,155388,155392,155395,155397,155422],[10,154051,154047],{"id":154052},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,154054,154055],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,154057,154058],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[167,154060,154061,154064,154067,154070],{},[170,154062,154063],{},"positive indexes",[170,154065,154066],{},"negative indexes",[170,154068,154069],{},"common indexing mistakes",[170,154071,154072],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[28,154074,3942],{"id":3941},[14,154076,154077],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[33,154079,154081],{"className":35,"code":154080,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[17,154082,154083,154115,154119,154136,154153],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154084,154085,154087,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099,154101,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154086,13433],{"class":114},[42,154088,88],{"class":87},[42,154090,9586],{"class":56},[42,154092,61],{"class":60},[42,154094,13450],{"class":64},[42,154096,61],{"class":60},[42,154098,70],{"class":56},[42,154100,73],{"class":60},[42,154102,17814],{"class":64},[42,154104,61],{"class":60},[42,154106,70],{"class":56},[42,154108,73],{"class":60},[42,154110,13467],{"class":64},[42,154112,61],{"class":60},[42,154114,143],{"class":56},[42,154116,154117],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154118,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154120,154121,154123,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154122,284],{"class":52},[42,154124,57],{"class":56},[42,154126,17861],{"class":125},[42,154128,4238],{"class":56},[42,154130,2445],{"class":2348},[42,154132,20804],{"class":56},[42,154134,154135],{"class":525},"   # red\n",[42,154137,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,154139,284],{"class":52},[42,154141,57],{"class":56},[42,154143,17861],{"class":125},[42,154145,4238],{"class":56},[42,154147,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154149,20804],{"class":56},[42,154151,154152],{"class":525},"   # green\n",[42,154154,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,154156,284],{"class":52},[42,154158,57],{"class":56},[42,154160,17861],{"class":125},[42,154162,4238],{"class":56},[42,154164,2345],{"class":87},[42,154166,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154168,20804],{"class":56},[42,154170,154171],{"class":525},"  # blue\n",[167,154173,154174,154179],{},[170,154175,132510,154176,154178],{},[17,154177,2445],{}," is the first item.",[170,154180,154181],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,154183,154184,154185,122],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[693,154186,154187],{"href":148089},"how to create a tuple in Python",[28,154189,154191],{"id":154190},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,154193,154194],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,154196,154197],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,154199,165],{},[167,154201,154202,154205,154212,154215],{},[170,154203,154204],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[170,154206,154207,154208,19322,154210],{},"Python starts counting at ",[17,154209,2445],{},[17,154211,3320],{},[170,154213,154214],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[170,154216,154217],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,154219,219],{},[33,154221,154223],{"className":35,"code":154222,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[17,154224,154225,154245,154249,154263,154277],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154226,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154228,3952],{"class":114},[42,154230,88],{"class":87},[42,154232,9586],{"class":56},[42,154234,2659],{"class":2348},[42,154236,70],{"class":56},[42,154238,8139],{"class":2348},[42,154240,70],{"class":56},[42,154242,8144],{"class":2348},[42,154244,143],{"class":56},[42,154246,154247],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154248,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154250,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154252,284],{"class":52},[42,154254,57],{"class":56},[42,154256,3984],{"class":125},[42,154258,4238],{"class":56},[42,154260,2445],{"class":2348},[42,154262,4226],{"class":56},[42,154264,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,154266,284],{"class":52},[42,154268,57],{"class":56},[42,154270,3984],{"class":125},[42,154272,4238],{"class":56},[42,154274,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154276,4226],{"class":56},[42,154278,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,154280,284],{"class":52},[42,154282,57],{"class":56},[42,154284,3984],{"class":125},[42,154286,4238],{"class":56},[42,154288,2381],{"class":2348},[42,154290,4226],{"class":56},[14,154292,2395],{},[33,154294,154296],{"className":35,"code":154295,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"10\n20\n30\n",[17,154297,154298,154302,154306],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154299,154300],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154301,2705],{"class":2348},[42,154303,154304],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154305,71586],{"class":2348},[42,154307,154308],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154309,70203],{"class":2348},[14,154311,59758,154312,122],{},[693,154313,148086],{"href":148085},[28,154315,154317],{"id":154316},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,154319,154320],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[167,154322,154323,154328,154333],{},[170,154324,154325,154327],{},[17,154326,2445],{}," = first item",[170,154329,154330,154332],{},[17,154331,3320],{}," = second item",[170,154334,154335,154337],{},[17,154336,2381],{}," = third item",[14,154339,154340],{},"Pattern:",[33,154342,154344],{"className":35,"code":154343,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tuple_name[index]\n",[17,154345,154346],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154347,154348,154350,154352,154354],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154349,152841],{"class":114},[42,154351,4238],{"class":56},[42,154353,36205],{"class":114},[42,154355,3970],{"class":56},[14,154357,219],{},[33,154359,154361],{"className":35,"code":154360,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[17,154362,154363,154395,154399,154416,154432],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154364,154365,154367,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154366,36599],{"class":114},[42,154368,88],{"class":87},[42,154370,9586],{"class":56},[42,154372,61],{"class":60},[42,154374,4418],{"class":64},[42,154376,61],{"class":60},[42,154378,70],{"class":56},[42,154380,73],{"class":60},[42,154382,4427],{"class":64},[42,154384,61],{"class":60},[42,154386,70],{"class":56},[42,154388,73],{"class":60},[42,154390,4436],{"class":64},[42,154392,61],{"class":60},[42,154394,143],{"class":56},[42,154396,154397],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154398,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154400,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154402,284],{"class":52},[42,154404,57],{"class":56},[42,154406,36651],{"class":125},[42,154408,4238],{"class":56},[42,154410,2445],{"class":2348},[42,154412,20804],{"class":56},[42,154414,154415],{"class":525},"  # apple\n",[42,154417,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,154419,284],{"class":52},[42,154421,57],{"class":56},[42,154423,36651],{"class":125},[42,154425,4238],{"class":56},[42,154427,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154429,20804],{"class":56},[42,154431,51849],{"class":525},[42,154433,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,154435,284],{"class":52},[42,154437,57],{"class":56},[42,154439,36651],{"class":125},[42,154441,4238],{"class":56},[42,154443,2381],{"class":2348},[42,154445,20804],{"class":56},[42,154447,154448],{"class":525},"  # cherry\n",[14,154450,154451],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[28,154453,154455],{"id":154454},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,154457,154458],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[167,154460,154461,154466,154471],{},[170,154462,154463,154465],{},[17,154464,66218],{}," = last item",[170,154467,154468,154470],{},[17,154469,95507],{}," = second-to-last item",[170,154472,154473,154475],{},[17,154474,48032],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,154477,219],{},[33,154479,154481],{"className":35,"code":154480,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[17,154482,154483,154515,154519,154537,154555],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154484,154485,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154486,36599],{"class":114},[42,154488,88],{"class":87},[42,154490,9586],{"class":56},[42,154492,61],{"class":60},[42,154494,4418],{"class":64},[42,154496,61],{"class":60},[42,154498,70],{"class":56},[42,154500,73],{"class":60},[42,154502,4427],{"class":64},[42,154504,61],{"class":60},[42,154506,70],{"class":56},[42,154508,73],{"class":60},[42,154510,4436],{"class":64},[42,154512,61],{"class":60},[42,154514,143],{"class":56},[42,154516,154517],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154518,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154520,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154522,284],{"class":52},[42,154524,57],{"class":56},[42,154526,36651],{"class":125},[42,154528,4238],{"class":56},[42,154530,2345],{"class":87},[42,154532,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154534,20804],{"class":56},[42,154536,154448],{"class":525},[42,154538,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,154540,284],{"class":52},[42,154542,57],{"class":56},[42,154544,36651],{"class":125},[42,154546,4238],{"class":56},[42,154548,2345],{"class":87},[42,154550,2381],{"class":2348},[42,154552,20804],{"class":56},[42,154554,51849],{"class":525},[42,154556,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,154558,284],{"class":52},[42,154560,57],{"class":56},[42,154562,36651],{"class":125},[42,154564,4238],{"class":56},[42,154566,2345],{"class":87},[42,154568,2387],{"class":2348},[42,154570,20804],{"class":56},[42,154572,154415],{"class":525},[14,154574,154575],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154577,154578],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[28,154580,154582],{"id":154581},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154584,154585],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[33,154587,154589],{"className":35,"code":154588,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[17,154590,154591,154623,154627,154644,154661],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154592,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617,154619,154621],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154594,5337],{"class":114},[42,154596,88],{"class":87},[42,154598,9586],{"class":56},[42,154600,61],{"class":60},[42,154602,13237],{"class":64},[42,154604,61],{"class":60},[42,154606,70],{"class":56},[42,154608,73],{"class":60},[42,154610,36300],{"class":64},[42,154612,61],{"class":60},[42,154614,70],{"class":56},[42,154616,73],{"class":60},[42,154618,36309],{"class":64},[42,154620,61],{"class":60},[42,154622,143],{"class":56},[42,154624,154625],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154626,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154628,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154630,284],{"class":52},[42,154632,57],{"class":56},[42,154634,5381],{"class":125},[42,154636,4238],{"class":56},[42,154638,2445],{"class":2348},[42,154640,20804],{"class":56},[42,154642,154643],{"class":525},"   # first item\n",[42,154645,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,154647,284],{"class":52},[42,154649,57],{"class":56},[42,154651,5381],{"class":125},[42,154653,4238],{"class":56},[42,154655,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154657,20804],{"class":56},[42,154659,154660],{"class":525},"   # middle item\n",[42,154662,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675,154677],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,154664,284],{"class":52},[42,154666,57],{"class":56},[42,154668,5381],{"class":125},[42,154670,4238],{"class":56},[42,154672,2345],{"class":87},[42,154674,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154676,20804],{"class":56},[42,154678,154679],{"class":525},"  # last item\n",[14,154681,2395],{},[33,154683,154685],{"className":35,"code":154684,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[17,154686,154687,154691,154696],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154688,154689],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154690,50402],{"class":114},[42,154692,154693],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154694,154695],{"class":114},"Ben\n",[42,154697,154698],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154699,154700],{"class":114},"Cara\n",[14,154702,154703],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[28,154705,154707],{"id":154706},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154709,154710],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154712,219],{},[33,154714,154716],{"className":35,"code":154715,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[17,154717,154718,154750,154754],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154719,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154721,36450],{"class":114},[42,154723,88],{"class":87},[42,154725,9586],{"class":56},[42,154727,61],{"class":60},[42,154729,693],{"class":64},[42,154731,61],{"class":60},[42,154733,70],{"class":56},[42,154735,73],{"class":60},[42,154737,5102],{"class":64},[42,154739,61],{"class":60},[42,154741,70],{"class":56},[42,154743,73],{"class":60},[42,154745,10090],{"class":64},[42,154747,61],{"class":60},[42,154749,143],{"class":56},[42,154751,154752],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154753,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154755,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154757,284],{"class":52},[42,154759,57],{"class":56},[42,154761,36503],{"class":125},[42,154763,4238],{"class":56},[42,154765,2461],{"class":2348},[42,154767,4226],{"class":56},[14,154769,2395],{},[33,154771,154773],{"className":35,"code":154772,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[17,154774,154775,154787,154792],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154776,154777,154780,154782,154785],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154778,154779],{"class":125},"Traceback ",[42,154781,57],{"class":56},[42,154783,154784],{"class":125},"most recent call last",[42,154786,8692],{"class":56},[42,154788,154789],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154790,154791],{"class":657},"  ...\n",[42,154793,154794,154796,154798,154800,154803],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154795,71093],{"class":834},[42,154797,1935],{"class":56},[42,154799,149452],{"class":834},[42,154801,154802],{"class":114}," index out of ",[42,154804,71285],{"class":52},[14,154806,154807],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[167,154809,154810,154814,154818],{},[170,154811,154812],{},[17,154813,2445],{},[170,154815,154816],{},[17,154817,3320],{},[170,154819,154820],{},[17,154821,2381],{},[14,154823,154824,154825,122],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[693,154826,154827,154829],{"href":149324},[17,154828,42724],{}," on a tuple",[33,154831,154833],{"className":35,"code":154832,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[17,154834,154835,154867,154871,154887,154891,154909],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154836,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154838,36450],{"class":114},[42,154840,88],{"class":87},[42,154842,9586],{"class":56},[42,154844,61],{"class":60},[42,154846,693],{"class":64},[42,154848,61],{"class":60},[42,154850,70],{"class":56},[42,154852,73],{"class":60},[42,154854,5102],{"class":64},[42,154856,61],{"class":60},[42,154858,70],{"class":56},[42,154860,73],{"class":60},[42,154862,10090],{"class":64},[42,154864,61],{"class":60},[42,154866,143],{"class":56},[42,154868,154869],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154870,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154872,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154874,284],{"class":52},[42,154876,57],{"class":56},[42,154878,11515],{"class":52},[42,154880,57],{"class":56},[42,154882,36503],{"class":125},[42,154884,5705],{"class":56},[42,154886,51133],{"class":525},[42,154888,154889],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,154890,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154892,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,154894,7345],{"class":48},[42,154896,38748],{"class":52},[42,154898,57],{"class":56},[42,154900,36503],{"class":125},[42,154902,98],{"class":56},[42,154904,38758],{"class":87},[42,154906,3325],{"class":2348},[42,154908,108],{"class":56},[42,154910,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919,154921],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,154912,135],{"class":52},[42,154914,57],{"class":56},[42,154916,36503],{"class":125},[42,154918,4238],{"class":56},[42,154920,2381],{"class":2348},[42,154922,4226],{"class":56},[14,154924,154925,154926,122],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[693,154927,26037,154929],{"href":154928},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[17,154930,154931],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[28,154933,154935],{"id":154934},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154937,154938],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[167,154940,154941,154943],{},[170,154942,77237],{},[170,154944,154945],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154947,154948],{},"Indexing example:",[33,154950,154952],{"className":35,"code":154951,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[17,154953,154954,154978,154982],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,154955,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,154957,3952],{"class":114},[42,154959,88],{"class":87},[42,154961,9586],{"class":56},[42,154963,2659],{"class":2348},[42,154965,70],{"class":56},[42,154967,8139],{"class":2348},[42,154969,70],{"class":56},[42,154971,8144],{"class":2348},[42,154973,70],{"class":56},[42,154975,51206],{"class":2348},[42,154977,143],{"class":56},[42,154979,154980],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,154981,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,154983,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,154985,284],{"class":52},[42,154987,57],{"class":56},[42,154989,3984],{"class":125},[42,154991,4238],{"class":56},[42,154993,3320],{"class":2348},[42,154995,4226],{"class":56},[14,154997,2395],{},[33,154999,155000],{"className":35,"code":71586,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,155001,155002],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155003,155004],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155005,71586],{"class":2348},[14,155007,155008],{},"Slicing example:",[33,155010,155012],{"className":35,"code":155011,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[17,155013,155014,155038,155042],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155015,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155017,3952],{"class":114},[42,155019,88],{"class":87},[42,155021,9586],{"class":56},[42,155023,2659],{"class":2348},[42,155025,70],{"class":56},[42,155027,8139],{"class":2348},[42,155029,70],{"class":56},[42,155031,8144],{"class":2348},[42,155033,70],{"class":56},[42,155035,51206],{"class":2348},[42,155037,143],{"class":56},[42,155039,155040],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155041,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,155043,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,155045,284],{"class":52},[42,155047,57],{"class":56},[42,155049,3984],{"class":125},[42,155051,4238],{"class":56},[42,155053,3320],{"class":2348},[42,155055,1935],{"class":56},[42,155057,2387],{"class":2348},[42,155059,4226],{"class":56},[14,155061,2395],{},[33,155063,155065],{"className":35,"code":155064,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(20, 30)\n",[17,155066,155067],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155068,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155070,57],{"class":56},[42,155072,16112],{"class":2348},[42,155074,70],{"class":56},[42,155076,8144],{"class":2348},[42,155078,143],{"class":56},[14,155080,155081,155082,122],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[693,155083,151003],{"href":151002},[28,155085,155087],{"id":155086},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,155089,155090],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,155092,155093],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,155095,7035],{},[33,155097,155099],{"className":35,"code":155098,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[17,155100,155101,155133],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155102,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155104,13433],{"class":114},[42,155106,88],{"class":87},[42,155108,9586],{"class":56},[42,155110,61],{"class":60},[42,155112,13450],{"class":64},[42,155114,61],{"class":60},[42,155116,70],{"class":56},[42,155118,73],{"class":60},[42,155120,17814],{"class":64},[42,155122,61],{"class":60},[42,155124,70],{"class":56},[42,155126,73],{"class":60},[42,155128,13467],{"class":64},[42,155130,61],{"class":60},[42,155132,143],{"class":56},[42,155134,155135,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155136,284],{"class":52},[42,155138,57],{"class":56},[42,155140,17861],{"class":125},[42,155142,4238],{"class":56},[42,155144,3320],{"class":2348},[42,155146,4226],{"class":56},[14,155148,155149],{},"But this does not work:",[33,155151,155153],{"className":35,"code":155152,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[17,155154,155155,155187],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155156,155157,155159,155161,155163,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155158,13433],{"class":114},[42,155160,88],{"class":87},[42,155162,9586],{"class":56},[42,155164,61],{"class":60},[42,155166,13450],{"class":64},[42,155168,61],{"class":60},[42,155170,70],{"class":56},[42,155172,73],{"class":60},[42,155174,17814],{"class":64},[42,155176,61],{"class":60},[42,155178,70],{"class":56},[42,155180,73],{"class":60},[42,155182,13467],{"class":64},[42,155184,61],{"class":60},[42,155186,143],{"class":56},[42,155188,155189,155191,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155190,17861],{"class":114},[42,155192,4238],{"class":56},[42,155194,3320],{"class":2348},[42,155196,13631],{"class":56},[42,155198,232],{"class":87},[42,155200,73],{"class":60},[42,155202,22881],{"class":64},[42,155204,3689],{"class":60},[14,155206,155207],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,155209,155210],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[28,155212,1929],{"id":1928},[14,155214,155215],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[167,155217,155218,155224,155227,155230],{},[170,155219,132814,155220,11445,155222],{},[17,155221,3320],{},[17,155223,2445],{},[170,155225,155226],{},"Using an index that is too large",[170,155228,155229],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[170,155231,155232,155233],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[17,155234,155235],{},"tuple[index]",[14,155237,62659],{},[33,155239,155241],{"className":35,"code":155240,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[17,155242,155243,155253,155267,155281,155297],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155244,155245,155247,155249,155251],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155246,284],{"class":52},[42,155248,57],{"class":56},[42,155250,148104],{"class":125},[42,155252,143],{"class":56},[42,155254,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155256,284],{"class":52},[42,155258,57],{"class":56},[42,155260,11515],{"class":52},[42,155262,57],{"class":56},[42,155264,148104],{"class":125},[42,155266,842],{"class":56},[42,155268,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277,155279],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,155270,284],{"class":52},[42,155272,57],{"class":56},[42,155274,148104],{"class":125},[42,155276,4238],{"class":56},[42,155278,2445],{"class":2348},[42,155280,4226],{"class":56},[42,155282,155283,155285,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,155284,284],{"class":52},[42,155286,57],{"class":56},[42,155288,148104],{"class":125},[42,155290,4238],{"class":56},[42,155292,2345],{"class":87},[42,155294,3320],{"class":2348},[42,155296,4226],{"class":56},[42,155298,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,155300,284],{"class":52},[42,155302,57],{"class":56},[42,155304,835],{"class":834},[42,155306,57],{"class":56},[42,155308,148104],{"class":125},[42,155310,842],{"class":56},[14,155312,155313],{},"These can help you confirm:",[167,155315,155316,155319,155321,155324],{},[170,155317,155318],{},"what the tuple contains",[170,155320,61148],{},[170,155322,155323],{},"what the first and last items are",[170,155325,155326],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[28,155328,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,155330,155332],{"id":155331},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,155334,155335,155336,122],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[17,155337,2445],{},[1073,155339,155341],{"id":155340},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,155343,146,155344,155346],{},[17,155345,66218],{}," as the index:",[33,155348,155350],{"className":35,"code":155349,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[17,155351,155352],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155353,155354,155356,155358,155360,155362],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155355,148104],{"class":114},[42,155357,4238],{"class":56},[42,155359,2345],{"class":87},[42,155361,3320],{"class":2348},[42,155363,3970],{"class":56},[1073,155365,155367],{"id":155366},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,155369,155370],{},"Python raises:",[33,155372,155374],{"className":35,"code":155373,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[17,155375,155376],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155377,155378,155380,155382,155384,155386],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155379,71093],{"class":834},[42,155381,1935],{"class":56},[42,155383,149452],{"class":834},[42,155385,154802],{"class":114},[42,155387,71285],{"class":52},[1073,155389,155391],{"id":155390},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,155393,155394],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[28,155396,2205],{"id":2204},[167,155398,155399,155404,155408,155412,155418],{},[170,155400,155401],{},[693,155402,155403],{"href":148089},"How to create a tuple in Python",[170,155405,155406],{},[693,155407,151003],{"href":151002},[170,155409,155410],{},[693,155411,151008],{"href":149324},[170,155413,155414],{},[693,155415,26480,155416],{"href":154928},[17,155417,154931],{},[170,155419,155420],{},[693,155421,148086],{"href":148085},[2245,155423,155424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":155426},[155427,155428,155429,155430,155431,155432,155433,155434,155435,155436,155442],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":154190,"depth":111,"text":154191},{"id":154316,"depth":111,"text":154317},{"id":154454,"depth":111,"text":154455},{"id":154581,"depth":111,"text":154582},{"id":154706,"depth":111,"text":154707},{"id":154934,"depth":111,"text":154935},{"id":155086,"depth":111,"text":155087},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":155437},[155438,155439,155440,155441],{"id":155331,"depth":132,"text":155332},{"id":155340,"depth":132,"text":155341},{"id":155366,"depth":132,"text":155367},{"id":155390,"depth":132,"text":155391},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":154047,"description":155443},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155449,"title":155450,"body":155451,"description":157340,"extension":2285,"meta":157341,"navigation":2287,"path":157342,"seo":157343,"stem":157344,"__hash__":157345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155452,"toc":157297},[155453,155459,155464,155515,155519,155527,155533,155535,155551,155553,155556,155571,155573,155586,155588,155645,155649,155657,155664,155670,155676,155680,155731,155735,155743,155747,155776,155780,155788,155792,155825,155829,155837,155841,155844,155895,155899,155907,155909,155926,155930,155934,155993,155997,156005,156008,156035,156039,156047,156051,156057,156132,156136,156173,156181,156185,156248,156252,156260,156265,156269,156275,156318,156322,156330,156336,156339,156386,156390,156398,156407,156413,156468,156472,156480,156483,156487,156489,156520,156524,156543,156546,156591,156595,156618,156624,156629,156631,156678,156683,156686,156734,156738,156746,156750,156755,156759,156809,156813,156828,156832,156890,156894,156909,156913,156984,156988,156997,157001,157080,157084,157106,157114,157116,157119,157144,157146,157199,157201,157218,157220,157224,157230,157235,157240,157244,157249,157253,157258,157264,157267,157269,157294],[10,155454,155456,155457,98],{"id":155455},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[17,155458,11515],{},[14,155460,146,155461,155463],{},[17,155462,42724],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[33,155465,155467],{"className":35,"code":155466,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,155468,155469,155501],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155470,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155472,13433],{"class":114},[42,155474,88],{"class":87},[42,155476,9586],{"class":56},[42,155478,61],{"class":60},[42,155480,13450],{"class":64},[42,155482,61],{"class":60},[42,155484,70],{"class":56},[42,155486,73],{"class":60},[42,155488,17814],{"class":64},[42,155490,61],{"class":60},[42,155492,70],{"class":56},[42,155494,73],{"class":60},[42,155496,13467],{"class":64},[42,155498,61],{"class":60},[42,155500,143],{"class":56},[42,155502,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155504,284],{"class":52},[42,155506,57],{"class":56},[42,155508,11515],{"class":52},[42,155510,57],{"class":56},[42,155512,17861],{"class":125},[42,155514,842],{"class":56},[14,155516,155517],{},[177,155518,2395],{},[33,155520,155521],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,155522,155523],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155524,155525],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155526,46980],{"class":2348},[14,155528,146,155529,155532],{},[17,155530,155531],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[28,155534,15520],{"id":15519},[167,155536,155537,155542,155546,155549],{},[170,155538,4538,155539,155541],{},[17,155540,42724],{}," works with tuples",[170,155543,68622,155544,12060],{},[17,155545,42724],{},[170,155547,155548],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[170,155550,4859],{},[28,155552,312],{"id":311},[14,155554,155555],{},"Use this pattern:",[33,155557,155559],{"className":35,"code":155558,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"len(my_tuple)\n",[17,155560,155561],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155562,155563,155565,155567,155569],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155564,11515],{"class":52},[42,155566,57],{"class":56},[42,155568,148104],{"class":125},[42,155570,143],{"class":56},[14,155572,165],{},[167,155574,155575,155578,155581],{},[170,155576,155577],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[170,155579,155580],{},"The result is an integer",[170,155582,155583,155585],{},[17,155584,42724],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155587,219],{},[33,155589,155591],{"className":35,"code":155590,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[17,155592,155593,155617,155631,155635],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155594,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155596,3952],{"class":114},[42,155598,88],{"class":87},[42,155600,9586],{"class":56},[42,155602,2659],{"class":2348},[42,155604,70],{"class":56},[42,155606,8139],{"class":2348},[42,155608,70],{"class":56},[42,155610,8144],{"class":2348},[42,155612,70],{"class":56},[42,155614,51206],{"class":2348},[42,155616,143],{"class":56},[42,155618,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155620,41604],{"class":114},[42,155622,88],{"class":87},[42,155624,38748],{"class":52},[42,155626,57],{"class":56},[42,155628,3984],{"class":125},[42,155630,143],{"class":56},[42,155632,155633],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,155634,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,155636,155637,155639,155641,155643],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,155638,284],{"class":52},[42,155640,57],{"class":56},[42,155642,41622],{"class":125},[42,155644,143],{"class":56},[14,155646,155647],{},[177,155648,2395],{},[33,155650,155651],{"className":35,"code":49012,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,155652,155653],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155654,155655],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155656,49012],{"class":2348},[14,155658,155659,155660,122],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[693,155661,3908,155662,3841],{"href":42721},[17,155663,42724],{},[28,155665,4013,155667,155669],{"id":155666},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[17,155668,42724],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155671,155672,155673,155675],{},"For a tuple, ",[17,155674,42724],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1073,155677,155679],{"id":155678},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[33,155681,155683],{"className":35,"code":155682,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[17,155684,155685,155717],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155686,155687,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155688,36599],{"class":114},[42,155690,88],{"class":87},[42,155692,9586],{"class":56},[42,155694,61],{"class":60},[42,155696,4418],{"class":64},[42,155698,61],{"class":60},[42,155700,70],{"class":56},[42,155702,73],{"class":60},[42,155704,4427],{"class":64},[42,155706,61],{"class":60},[42,155708,70],{"class":56},[42,155710,73],{"class":60},[42,155712,33581],{"class":64},[42,155714,61],{"class":60},[42,155716,143],{"class":56},[42,155718,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155720,284],{"class":52},[42,155722,57],{"class":56},[42,155724,11515],{"class":52},[42,155726,57],{"class":56},[42,155728,36651],{"class":125},[42,155730,842],{"class":56},[14,155732,155733],{},[177,155734,2395],{},[33,155736,155737],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,155738,155739],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155740,155741],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155742,46980],{"class":2348},[1073,155744,155746],{"id":155745},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[33,155748,155750],{"className":35,"code":155749,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[17,155751,155752,155761],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155753,155754,155757,155759],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155755,155756],{"class":114},"empty_tuple ",[42,155758,88],{"class":87},[42,155760,149428],{"class":56},[42,155762,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155774],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155764,284],{"class":52},[42,155766,57],{"class":56},[42,155768,11515],{"class":52},[42,155770,57],{"class":56},[42,155772,155773],{"class":125},"empty_tuple",[42,155775,842],{"class":56},[14,155777,155778],{},[177,155779,2395],{},[33,155781,155782],{"className":35,"code":47615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,155783,155784],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155785,155786],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155787,47615],{"class":2348},[1073,155789,155791],{"id":155790},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[33,155793,155795],{"className":35,"code":155794,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[17,155796,155797,155810],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155798,155799,155802,155804,155806,155808],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155800,155801],{"class":114},"single_value ",[42,155803,88],{"class":87},[42,155805,9586],{"class":56},[42,155807,2461],{"class":2348},[42,155809,149442],{"class":56},[42,155811,155812,155814,155816,155818,155820,155823],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155813,284],{"class":52},[42,155815,57],{"class":56},[42,155817,11515],{"class":52},[42,155819,57],{"class":56},[42,155821,155822],{"class":125},"single_value",[42,155824,842],{"class":56},[14,155826,155827],{},[177,155828,2395],{},[33,155830,155831],{"className":35,"code":47280,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,155832,155833],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155834,155835],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155836,47280],{"class":2348},[1073,155838,155840],{"id":155839},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155842,155843],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[33,155845,155847],{"className":35,"code":155846,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[17,155848,155849,155881],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155850,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155852,9516],{"class":114},[42,155854,88],{"class":87},[42,155856,9586],{"class":56},[42,155858,3320],{"class":2348},[42,155860,70],{"class":56},[42,155862,9586],{"class":56},[42,155864,2381],{"class":2348},[42,155866,70],{"class":56},[42,155868,2781],{"class":2348},[42,155870,9583],{"class":56},[42,155872,3957],{"class":56},[42,155874,2836],{"class":2348},[42,155876,70],{"class":56},[42,155878,4946],{"class":2348},[42,155880,4226],{"class":56},[42,155882,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155884,284],{"class":52},[42,155886,57],{"class":56},[42,155888,11515],{"class":52},[42,155890,57],{"class":56},[42,155892,9554],{"class":125},[42,155894,842],{"class":56},[14,155896,155897],{},[177,155898,2395],{},[33,155900,155901],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,155902,155903],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155904,155905],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155906,46980],{"class":2348},[14,155908,449],{},[167,155910,155911,155916,155921],{},[170,155912,155913,155915],{},[17,155914,3320],{}," is one item",[170,155917,155918,155915],{},[17,155919,155920],{},"(2, 3)",[170,155922,155923,155915],{},[17,155924,155925],{},"[4, 5]",[28,155927,155929],{"id":155928},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1073,155931,155933],{"id":155932},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[33,155935,155937],{"className":35,"code":155936,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[17,155938,155939,155979],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,155940,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,155942,13433],{"class":114},[42,155944,88],{"class":87},[42,155946,9586],{"class":56},[42,155948,61],{"class":60},[42,155950,13450],{"class":64},[42,155952,61],{"class":60},[42,155954,70],{"class":56},[42,155956,73],{"class":60},[42,155958,17814],{"class":64},[42,155960,61],{"class":60},[42,155962,70],{"class":56},[42,155964,73],{"class":60},[42,155966,13467],{"class":64},[42,155968,61],{"class":60},[42,155970,70],{"class":56},[42,155972,73],{"class":60},[42,155974,22881],{"class":64},[42,155976,61],{"class":60},[42,155978,143],{"class":56},[42,155980,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,155982,284],{"class":52},[42,155984,57],{"class":56},[42,155986,11515],{"class":52},[42,155988,57],{"class":56},[42,155990,17861],{"class":125},[42,155992,842],{"class":56},[14,155994,155995],{},[177,155996,2395],{},[33,155998,155999],{"className":35,"code":49012,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,156000,156001],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156002,156003],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156004,49012],{"class":2348},[1073,156006,155746],{"id":156007},"empty-tuple-1",[33,156009,156011],{"className":35,"code":156010,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[17,156012,156013,156021],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156014,156015,156017,156019],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156016,8128],{"class":114},[42,156018,88],{"class":87},[42,156020,149428],{"class":56},[42,156022,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156024,284],{"class":52},[42,156026,57],{"class":56},[42,156028,11515],{"class":52},[42,156030,57],{"class":56},[42,156032,8159],{"class":125},[42,156034,842],{"class":56},[14,156036,156037],{},[177,156038,2395],{},[33,156040,156041],{"className":35,"code":47615,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,156042,156043],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156044,156045],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156046,47615],{"class":2348},[1073,156048,156050],{"id":156049},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,156052,156053,156054,156056],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[177,156055,179],{}," always a tuple.",[33,156058,156060],{"className":35,"code":156059,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[17,156061,156062,156074,156086,156090,156104,156118],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156065,2886],{"class":114},[42,156067,88],{"class":87},[42,156069,9586],{"class":56},[42,156071,2461],{"class":2348},[42,156073,143],{"class":56},[42,156075,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156077,2914],{"class":114},[42,156079,88],{"class":87},[42,156081,9586],{"class":56},[42,156083,2461],{"class":2348},[42,156085,149442],{"class":56},[42,156087,156088],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156089,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,156091,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,156093,284],{"class":52},[42,156095,57],{"class":56},[42,156097,835],{"class":834},[42,156099,57],{"class":56},[42,156101,693],{"class":125},[42,156103,842],{"class":56},[42,156105,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,156107,284],{"class":52},[42,156109,57],{"class":56},[42,156111,835],{"class":834},[42,156113,57],{"class":56},[42,156115,5102],{"class":125},[42,156117,842],{"class":56},[42,156119,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,156121,284],{"class":52},[42,156123,57],{"class":56},[42,156125,11515],{"class":52},[42,156127,57],{"class":56},[42,156129,5102],{"class":125},[42,156131,842],{"class":56},[14,156133,156134],{},[177,156135,2395],{},[33,156137,156139],{"className":35,"code":156138,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[17,156140,156141,156155,156169],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156142,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156144,855],{"class":87},[42,156146,859],{"class":858},[42,156148,862],{"class":60},[42,156150,2513],{"class":64},[42,156152,868],{"class":60},[42,156154,871],{"class":87},[42,156156,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156158,855],{"class":87},[42,156160,859],{"class":858},[42,156162,862],{"class":60},[42,156164,49315],{"class":64},[42,156166,868],{"class":60},[42,156168,871],{"class":87},[42,156170,156171],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156172,47280],{"class":2348},[14,156174,156175,156176,1753,156179,122],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[693,156177,156178],{"href":148089},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[693,156180,149390],{"href":149389},[1073,156182,156184],{"id":156183},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[33,156186,156188],{"className":35,"code":156187,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[17,156189,156190,156234],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156191,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156193,59838],{"class":114},[42,156195,88],{"class":87},[42,156197,9586],{"class":56},[42,156199,61],{"class":60},[42,156201,4418],{"class":64},[42,156203,61],{"class":60},[42,156205,70],{"class":56},[42,156207,3957],{"class":56},[42,156209,3320],{"class":2348},[42,156211,70],{"class":56},[42,156213,3325],{"class":2348},[42,156215,18421],{"class":56},[42,156217,9586],{"class":56},[42,156219,61],{"class":60},[42,156221,2498],{"class":64},[42,156223,61],{"class":60},[42,156225,70],{"class":56},[42,156227,73],{"class":60},[42,156229,12100],{"class":64},[42,156231,61],{"class":60},[42,156233,842],{"class":56},[42,156235,156236,156238,156240,156242,156244,156246],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156237,284],{"class":52},[42,156239,57],{"class":56},[42,156241,11515],{"class":52},[42,156243,57],{"class":56},[42,156245,59891],{"class":125},[42,156247,842],{"class":56},[14,156249,156250],{},[177,156251,2395],{},[33,156253,156254],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,156255,156256],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156257,156258],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156259,46980],{"class":2348},[14,156261,156262,156264],{},[17,156263,42724],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[28,156266,156268],{"id":156267},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1073,156270,156272,156274],{"id":156271},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[17,156273,42724],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[33,156276,156278],{"className":35,"code":156277,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[17,156279,156280,156304],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156281,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156283,4409],{"class":114},[42,156285,88],{"class":87},[42,156287,9586],{"class":56},[42,156289,61],{"class":60},[42,156291,63960],{"class":64},[42,156293,61],{"class":60},[42,156295,70],{"class":56},[42,156297,73],{"class":60},[42,156299,37],{"class":64},[42,156301,61],{"class":60},[42,156303,143],{"class":56},[42,156305,156306,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156307,284],{"class":52},[42,156309,57],{"class":56},[42,156311,11515],{"class":52},[42,156313,57],{"class":56},[42,156315,4453],{"class":125},[42,156317,842],{"class":56},[14,156319,156320],{},[177,156321,2395],{},[33,156323,156324],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,156325,156326],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156327,156328],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156329,17415],{"class":2348},[14,156331,156332,156333,156335],{},"This result is ",[17,156334,2381],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,156337,156338],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[33,156340,156342],{"className":35,"code":156341,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[17,156343,156344,156368],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156345,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364,156366],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156347,4409],{"class":114},[42,156349,88],{"class":87},[42,156351,9586],{"class":56},[42,156353,61],{"class":60},[42,156355,63960],{"class":64},[42,156357,61],{"class":60},[42,156359,70],{"class":56},[42,156361,73],{"class":60},[42,156363,37],{"class":64},[42,156365,61],{"class":60},[42,156367,143],{"class":56},[42,156369,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156371,284],{"class":52},[42,156373,57],{"class":56},[42,156375,11515],{"class":52},[42,156377,57],{"class":56},[42,156379,4453],{"class":125},[42,156381,4238],{"class":56},[42,156383,2445],{"class":2348},[42,156385,3332],{"class":56},[14,156387,156388],{},[177,156389,2395],{},[33,156391,156392],{"className":35,"code":17415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,156393,156394],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156395,156396],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156397,17415],{"class":2348},[14,156399,21129,156400,156403,156404,122],{},[17,156401,156402],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[17,156405,156406],{},"\"hi\"",[1073,156408,156410,156412],{"id":156409},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[17,156411,42724],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[33,156414,156416],{"className":35,"code":156415,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[17,156417,156418,156454],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156419,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156421,4160],{"class":114},[42,156423,88],{"class":87},[42,156425,10346],{"class":56},[42,156427,3320],{"class":2348},[42,156429,70],{"class":56},[42,156431,3325],{"class":2348},[42,156433,9583],{"class":56},[42,156435,9586],{"class":56},[42,156437,2387],{"class":2348},[42,156439,70],{"class":56},[42,156441,2787],{"class":2348},[42,156443,9583],{"class":56},[42,156445,9586],{"class":56},[42,156447,2461],{"class":2348},[42,156449,70],{"class":56},[42,156451,38005],{"class":2348},[42,156453,842],{"class":56},[42,156455,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464,156466],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156457,284],{"class":52},[42,156459,57],{"class":56},[42,156461,11515],{"class":52},[42,156463,57],{"class":56},[42,156465,5702],{"class":125},[42,156467,842],{"class":56},[14,156469,156470],{},[177,156471,2395],{},[33,156473,156474],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,156475,156476],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156477,156478],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156479,46980],{"class":2348},[14,156481,156482],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1073,156484,156486],{"id":156485},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,156488,26048],{},[33,156490,156492],{"className":35,"code":156491,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,156493,156494,156506],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156495,156496,156498,156500,156502,156504],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156497,2776],{"class":114},[42,156499,88],{"class":87},[42,156501,9586],{"class":56},[42,156503,2659],{"class":2348},[42,156505,143],{"class":56},[42,156507,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516,156518],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156509,284],{"class":52},[42,156511,57],{"class":56},[42,156513,835],{"class":834},[42,156515,57],{"class":56},[42,156517,2803],{"class":125},[42,156519,842],{"class":56},[14,156521,156522],{},[177,156523,2395],{},[33,156525,156527],{"className":35,"code":156526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[17,156528,156529],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156530,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156532,855],{"class":87},[42,156534,859],{"class":858},[42,156536,862],{"class":60},[42,156538,2513],{"class":64},[42,156540,868],{"class":60},[42,156542,871],{"class":87},[14,156544,156545],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[33,156547,156549],{"className":35,"code":156548,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[17,156550,156551,156563,156577],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156552,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156554,2776],{"class":114},[42,156556,88],{"class":87},[42,156558,9586],{"class":56},[42,156560,2659],{"class":2348},[42,156562,149442],{"class":56},[42,156564,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156566,284],{"class":52},[42,156568,57],{"class":56},[42,156570,835],{"class":834},[42,156572,57],{"class":56},[42,156574,2803],{"class":125},[42,156576,842],{"class":56},[42,156578,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156580,284],{"class":52},[42,156582,57],{"class":56},[42,156584,11515],{"class":52},[42,156586,57],{"class":56},[42,156588,2803],{"class":125},[42,156590,842],{"class":56},[14,156592,156593],{},[177,156594,2395],{},[33,156596,156598],{"className":35,"code":156597,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[17,156599,156600,156614],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156601,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156603,855],{"class":87},[42,156605,859],{"class":858},[42,156607,862],{"class":60},[42,156609,49315],{"class":64},[42,156611,868],{"class":60},[42,156613,871],{"class":87},[42,156615,156616],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156617,47280],{"class":2348},[1073,156619,156621,156623],{"id":156620},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[17,156622,11515],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156625,44791,156626,156628],{},[17,156627,11515],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156630,44822],{},[33,156632,156634],{"className":35,"code":156633,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,156635,156636,156644,156664],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156637,156638,156640,156642],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156639,11515],{"class":52},[42,156641,232],{"class":87},[42,156643,2919],{"class":2348},[42,156645,156646,156648,156650,156652,156654,156656,156658,156660,156662],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156647,3952],{"class":114},[42,156649,88],{"class":87},[42,156651,9586],{"class":56},[42,156653,3320],{"class":2348},[42,156655,70],{"class":56},[42,156657,3325],{"class":2348},[42,156659,70],{"class":56},[42,156661,2781],{"class":2348},[42,156663,143],{"class":56},[42,156665,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674,156676],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156667,284],{"class":52},[42,156669,57],{"class":56},[42,156671,11515],{"class":52},[42,156673,57],{"class":56},[42,156675,3984],{"class":125},[42,156677,842],{"class":56},[14,156679,40016,156680,156682],{},[17,156681,11515],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156684,156685],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[33,156687,156689],{"className":35,"code":156688,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[17,156690,156691,156700,156720],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156692,156693,156696,156698],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156694,156695],{"class":114},"length_value ",[42,156697,88],{"class":87},[42,156699,2919],{"class":2348},[42,156701,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156703,3952],{"class":114},[42,156705,88],{"class":87},[42,156707,9586],{"class":56},[42,156709,3320],{"class":2348},[42,156711,70],{"class":56},[42,156713,3325],{"class":2348},[42,156715,70],{"class":56},[42,156717,2781],{"class":2348},[42,156719,143],{"class":56},[42,156721,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156723,284],{"class":52},[42,156725,57],{"class":56},[42,156727,11515],{"class":52},[42,156729,57],{"class":56},[42,156731,3984],{"class":125},[42,156733,842],{"class":56},[14,156735,156736],{},[177,156737,2395],{},[33,156739,156740],{"className":35,"code":46980,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,156741,156742],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156743,156744],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156745,46980],{"class":2348},[28,156747,156749],{"id":156748},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156751,156752,156754],{},[17,156753,42724],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1073,156756,156758],{"id":156757},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[33,156760,156762],{"className":35,"code":156761,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[17,156763,156764,156772,156776,156794],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156765,156766,156768,156770],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156767,8128],{"class":114},[42,156769,88],{"class":87},[42,156771,149428],{"class":56},[42,156773,156774],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156775,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,156777,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156779,7345],{"class":48},[42,156781,38748],{"class":52},[42,156783,57],{"class":56},[42,156785,8159],{"class":125},[42,156787,98],{"class":56},[42,156789,6754],{"class":87},[42,156791,4171],{"class":2348},[42,156793,108],{"class":56},[42,156795,156796,156798,156800,156802,156805,156807],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,156797,135],{"class":52},[42,156799,57],{"class":56},[42,156801,61],{"class":60},[42,156803,156804],{"class":64},"The tuple is empty",[42,156806,61],{"class":60},[42,156808,143],{"class":56},[14,156810,156811],{},[177,156812,2395],{},[33,156814,156816],{"className":35,"code":156815,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"The tuple is empty\n",[17,156817,156818],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156819,156820,156822,156824,156826],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156821,2303],{"class":114},[42,156823,49315],{"class":834},[42,156825,8446],{"class":87},[42,156827,8452],{"class":114},[1073,156829,156831],{"id":156830},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[33,156833,156835],{"className":35,"code":156834,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[17,156836,156837,156853,156857,156875],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156838,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156840,51748],{"class":114},[42,156842,88],{"class":87},[42,156844,9586],{"class":56},[42,156846,2836],{"class":2348},[42,156848,70],{"class":56},[42,156850,6339],{"class":2348},[42,156852,143],{"class":56},[42,156854,156855],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156856,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,156858,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156860,7345],{"class":48},[42,156862,38748],{"class":52},[42,156864,57],{"class":56},[42,156866,51773],{"class":125},[42,156868,98],{"class":56},[42,156870,6754],{"class":87},[42,156872,3325],{"class":2348},[42,156874,108],{"class":56},[42,156876,156877,156879,156881,156883,156886,156888],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,156878,135],{"class":52},[42,156880,57],{"class":56},[42,156882,61],{"class":60},[42,156884,156885],{"class":64},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[42,156887,61],{"class":60},[42,156889,143],{"class":56},[14,156891,156892],{},[177,156893,2395],{},[33,156895,156897],{"className":35,"code":156896,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[17,156898,156899],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156900,156901,156904,156906],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156902,156903],{"class":114},"This looks like an x",[42,156905,70],{"class":56},[42,156907,156908],{"class":114}," y coordinate\n",[1073,156910,156912],{"id":156911},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[33,156914,156916],{"className":35,"code":156915,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[17,156917,156918,156947,156951,156969],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156919,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156943,156945],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156921,11842],{"class":114},[42,156923,88],{"class":87},[42,156925,9586],{"class":56},[42,156927,61],{"class":60},[42,156929,13237],{"class":64},[42,156931,61],{"class":60},[42,156933,70],{"class":56},[42,156935,9656],{"class":2348},[42,156937,70],{"class":56},[42,156939,73],{"class":60},[42,156941,156942],{"class":64},"Canada",[42,156944,61],{"class":60},[42,156946,143],{"class":56},[42,156948,156949],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,156950,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,156952,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,156954,7345],{"class":48},[42,156956,38748],{"class":52},[42,156958,57],{"class":56},[42,156960,11936],{"class":125},[42,156962,98],{"class":56},[42,156964,6754],{"class":87},[42,156966,2781],{"class":2348},[42,156968,108],{"class":56},[42,156970,156971,156973,156975,156977,156980,156982],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,156972,135],{"class":52},[42,156974,57],{"class":56},[42,156976,61],{"class":60},[42,156978,156979],{"class":64},"User record has the expected number of values",[42,156981,61],{"class":60},[42,156983,143],{"class":56},[14,156985,156986],{},[177,156987,2395],{},[33,156989,156991],{"className":35,"code":156990,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[17,156992,156993],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,156994,156995],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,156996,156990],{"class":114},[1073,156998,157000],{"id":156999},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[33,157002,157004],{"className":35,"code":157003,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[17,157005,157006,157038,157042,157062],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157007,157008,157010,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157009,36450],{"class":114},[42,157011,88],{"class":87},[42,157013,9586],{"class":56},[42,157015,61],{"class":60},[42,157017,693],{"class":64},[42,157019,61],{"class":60},[42,157021,70],{"class":56},[42,157023,73],{"class":60},[42,157025,5102],{"class":64},[42,157027,61],{"class":60},[42,157029,70],{"class":56},[42,157031,73],{"class":60},[42,157033,10090],{"class":64},[42,157035,61],{"class":60},[42,157037,143],{"class":56},[42,157039,157040],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157041,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,157043,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052,157054,157056,157058,157060],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157045,6303],{"class":48},[42,157047,69911],{"class":114},[42,157049,1299],{"class":48},[42,157051,54434],{"class":52},[42,157053,57],{"class":56},[42,157055,11515],{"class":52},[42,157057,57],{"class":56},[42,157059,36503],{"class":125},[42,157061,69926],{"class":56},[42,157063,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,157065,135],{"class":52},[42,157067,57],{"class":56},[42,157069,36514],{"class":125},[42,157071,70],{"class":56},[42,157073,70459],{"class":125},[42,157075,4238],{"class":56},[42,157077,36514],{"class":125},[42,157079,4226],{"class":56},[14,157081,157082],{},[177,157083,2395],{},[33,157085,157086],{"className":35,"code":36526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,157087,157088,157094,157100],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157089,157090,157092],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157091,2445],{"class":2348},[42,157093,36535],{"class":114},[42,157095,157096,157098],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157097,3320],{"class":2348},[42,157099,36542],{"class":114},[42,157101,157102,157104],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157103,2381],{"class":2348},[42,157105,36549],{"class":114},[14,157107,157108,157109,157111,157112,122],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[693,157110,149759],{"href":149758},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[693,157113,151003],{"href":151002},[28,157115,1929],{"id":1928},[14,157117,157118],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[167,157120,157121,157129,157136,157141],{},[170,157122,157123,157124,11445,157127],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[17,157125,157126],{},"(5)",[17,157128,149593],{},[170,157130,1940,157131,157133,157134],{},[17,157132,11515],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[17,157135,42724],{},[170,157137,8803,157138,157140],{},[17,157139,42724],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[170,157142,157143],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,157145,32442],{},[33,157147,157149],{"className":35,"code":157148,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[17,157150,157151,157161,157175,157189],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157152,157153,157155,157157,157159],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157154,284],{"class":52},[42,157156,57],{"class":56},[42,157158,148104],{"class":125},[42,157160,143],{"class":56},[42,157162,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157164,284],{"class":52},[42,157166,57],{"class":56},[42,157168,835],{"class":834},[42,157170,57],{"class":56},[42,157172,148104],{"class":125},[42,157174,842],{"class":56},[42,157176,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157178,284],{"class":52},[42,157180,57],{"class":56},[42,157182,11515],{"class":52},[42,157184,57],{"class":56},[42,157186,148104],{"class":125},[42,157188,842],{"class":56},[42,157190,157191,157193,157195,157197],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,157192,32512],{"class":52},[42,157194,57],{"class":56},[42,157196,11515],{"class":52},[42,157198,143],{"class":56},[14,157200,155313],{},[167,157202,157203,157206,157209,157213],{},[170,157204,157205],{},"what value you are using",[170,157207,157208],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[170,157210,26377,157211,12060],{},[17,157212,42724],{},[170,157214,123477,157215,157217],{},[17,157216,42724],{}," is documented in Python",[28,157219,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,157221,157223],{"id":157222},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,157225,146,157226,157229],{},[17,157227,157228],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1073,157231,13060,157233,149263],{"id":157232},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[17,157234,42724],{},[14,157236,46728,157237,157239],{},[17,157238,42724],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1073,157241,157243],{"id":157242},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,157245,157246,157247,122],{},"The length is ",[17,157248,2445],{},[1073,157250,157252],{"id":157251},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,157254,150949,157255,157257],{},[17,157256,150952],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1073,157259,13060,157261,157263],{"id":157260},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[17,157262,42724],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,157265,157266],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[28,157268,2205],{"id":2204},[167,157270,157271,157277,157281,157285,157289],{},[170,157272,157273],{},[693,157274,3908,157275,3841],{"href":42721},[17,157276,42724],{},[170,157278,157279],{},[693,157280,156178],{"href":148089},[170,157282,157283],{},[693,157284,149759],{"href":149758},[170,157286,157287],{},[693,157288,151003],{"href":151002},[170,157290,157291],{},[693,157292,157293],{"href":149389},"What is a tuple in Python",[2245,157295,157296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":157298},[157299,157300,157301,157308,157314,157323,157329,157330,157339],{"id":15519,"depth":111,"text":15520},{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":155666,"depth":111,"text":157302,"children":157303},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157304,157305,157306,157307],{"id":155678,"depth":132,"text":155679},{"id":155745,"depth":132,"text":155746},{"id":155790,"depth":132,"text":155791},{"id":155839,"depth":132,"text":155840},{"id":155928,"depth":111,"text":155929,"children":157309},[157310,157311,157312,157313],{"id":155932,"depth":132,"text":155933},{"id":156007,"depth":132,"text":155746},{"id":156049,"depth":132,"text":156050},{"id":156183,"depth":132,"text":156184},{"id":156267,"depth":111,"text":156268,"children":157315},[157316,157318,157320,157321],{"id":156271,"depth":132,"text":157317},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156409,"depth":132,"text":157319},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156485,"depth":132,"text":156486},{"id":156620,"depth":132,"text":157322},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156748,"depth":111,"text":156749,"children":157324},[157325,157326,157327,157328],{"id":156757,"depth":132,"text":156758},{"id":156830,"depth":132,"text":156831},{"id":156911,"depth":132,"text":156912},{"id":156999,"depth":132,"text":157000},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":157331},[157332,157333,157335,157336,157337],{"id":157222,"depth":132,"text":157223},{"id":157232,"depth":132,"text":157334},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157242,"depth":132,"text":157243},{"id":157251,"depth":132,"text":157252},{"id":157260,"depth":132,"text":157338},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155450,"description":157340},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157347,"title":157348,"body":157349,"description":159734,"extension":2285,"meta":159735,"navigation":2287,"path":159736,"seo":159737,"stem":159738,"__hash__":159739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157350,"toc":159695},[157351,157354,157357,157360,157383,157389,157391,157502,157506,157509,157519,157521,157620,157622,157699,157705,157709,157712,157735,157738,157755,157758,157760,157823,157825,157842,157853,157858,157860,157863,157869,157920,157922,157942,157946,157997,157999,158020,158024,158079,158081,158102,158106,158161,158163,158184,158188,158241,158243,158272,158274,158276,158279,158283,158340,158342,158363,158367,158420,158422,158447,158452,158456,158461,158479,158482,158545,158547,158568,158571,158632,158634,158655,158658,158701,158704,158708,158713,158717,158796,158798,158829,158833,158908,158910,158937,158941,158988,158990,158998,159003,159007,159010,159025,159027,159115,159117,159142,159145,159188,159197,159199,159202,159217,159220,159224,159278,159280,159300,159305,159309,159311,159349,159352,159402,159406,159479,159481,159518,159521,159523,159526,159546,159549,159618,159620,159633,159635,159639,159642,159646,159649,159654,159657,159663,159668,159670,159692],[10,157352,157348],{"id":157353},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,157355,157356],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,157358,157359],{},"Use this format:",[33,157361,157363],{"className":35,"code":157362,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[17,157364,157365],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157366,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157368,49315],{"class":114},[42,157370,4238],{"class":56},[42,157372,36432],{"class":114},[42,157374,1935],{"class":56},[42,157376,75788],{"class":114},[42,157378,1935],{"class":56},[42,157380,75791],{"class":114},[42,157382,3970],{"class":56},[14,157384,2303,157385,75824,157387,122],{},[17,157386,75788],{},[177,157388,65433],{},[28,157390,31],{"id":30},[33,157392,157394],{"className":35,"code":157393,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[17,157395,157396,157424,157428,157449,157466,157483],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157397,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157399,3952],{"class":114},[42,157401,88],{"class":87},[42,157403,9586],{"class":56},[42,157405,2659],{"class":2348},[42,157407,70],{"class":56},[42,157409,8139],{"class":2348},[42,157411,70],{"class":56},[42,157413,8144],{"class":2348},[42,157415,70],{"class":56},[42,157417,51206],{"class":2348},[42,157419,70],{"class":56},[42,157421,5423],{"class":2348},[42,157423,143],{"class":56},[42,157425,157426],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157427,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,157429,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157431,284],{"class":52},[42,157433,57],{"class":56},[42,157435,3984],{"class":125},[42,157437,4238],{"class":56},[42,157439,3320],{"class":2348},[42,157441,1935],{"class":56},[42,157443,2836],{"class":2348},[42,157445,20804],{"class":56},[42,157447,157448],{"class":525},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[42,157450,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,157452,284],{"class":52},[42,157454,57],{"class":56},[42,157456,3984],{"class":125},[42,157458,75897],{"class":56},[42,157460,2387],{"class":2348},[42,157462,20804],{"class":56},[42,157464,157465],{"class":525},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[42,157467,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,157469,284],{"class":52},[42,157471,57],{"class":56},[42,157473,3984],{"class":125},[42,157475,74484],{"class":56},[42,157477,2381],{"class":2348},[42,157479,20804],{"class":56},[42,157481,157482],{"class":525},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[42,157484,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,157486,284],{"class":52},[42,157488,57],{"class":56},[42,157490,3984],{"class":125},[42,157492,74484],{"class":56},[42,157494,2345],{"class":87},[42,157496,3320],{"class":2348},[42,157498,20804],{"class":56},[42,157500,157501],{"class":525},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[28,157503,157505],{"id":157504},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,157507,157508],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[167,157510,157511,157513,157516],{},[170,157512,76091],{},[170,157514,157515],{},"The result is a new tuple",[170,157517,157518],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,157520,219],{},[33,157522,157524],{"className":35,"code":157523,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[17,157525,157526,157574,157578,157596,157600,157610],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157527,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157529,36450],{"class":114},[42,157531,88],{"class":87},[42,157533,9586],{"class":56},[42,157535,61],{"class":60},[42,157537,693],{"class":64},[42,157539,61],{"class":60},[42,157541,70],{"class":56},[42,157543,73],{"class":60},[42,157545,5102],{"class":64},[42,157547,61],{"class":60},[42,157549,70],{"class":56},[42,157551,73],{"class":60},[42,157553,10090],{"class":64},[42,157555,61],{"class":60},[42,157557,70],{"class":56},[42,157559,73],{"class":60},[42,157561,19126],{"class":64},[42,157563,61],{"class":60},[42,157565,70],{"class":56},[42,157567,73],{"class":60},[42,157569,60813],{"class":64},[42,157571,61],{"class":60},[42,157573,143],{"class":56},[42,157575,157576],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157577,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,157579,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157581,76021],{"class":114},[42,157583,88],{"class":87},[42,157585,70459],{"class":114},[42,157587,4238],{"class":56},[42,157589,3320],{"class":2348},[42,157591,1935],{"class":56},[42,157593,2836],{"class":2348},[42,157595,3970],{"class":56},[42,157597,157598],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,157599,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,157601,157602,157604,157606,157608],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,157603,284],{"class":52},[42,157605,57],{"class":56},[42,157607,76044],{"class":125},[42,157609,143],{"class":56},[42,157611,157612,157614,157616,157618],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,157613,284],{"class":52},[42,157615,57],{"class":56},[42,157617,36503],{"class":125},[42,157619,143],{"class":56},[14,157621,2395],{},[33,157623,157625],{"className":35,"code":157624,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[17,157626,157627,157655],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157628,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157630,57],{"class":56},[42,157632,868],{"class":60},[42,157634,5102],{"class":64},[42,157636,868],{"class":60},[42,157638,70],{"class":56},[42,157640,862],{"class":60},[42,157642,10090],{"class":64},[42,157644,868],{"class":60},[42,157646,70],{"class":56},[42,157648,862],{"class":60},[42,157650,19126],{"class":64},[42,157652,868],{"class":60},[42,157654,143],{"class":56},[42,157656,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157658,57],{"class":56},[42,157660,868],{"class":60},[42,157662,693],{"class":64},[42,157664,868],{"class":60},[42,157666,70],{"class":56},[42,157668,862],{"class":60},[42,157670,5102],{"class":64},[42,157672,868],{"class":60},[42,157674,70],{"class":56},[42,157676,862],{"class":60},[42,157678,10090],{"class":64},[42,157680,868],{"class":60},[42,157682,70],{"class":56},[42,157684,862],{"class":60},[42,157686,19126],{"class":64},[42,157688,868],{"class":60},[42,157690,70],{"class":56},[42,157692,862],{"class":60},[42,157694,60813],{"class":64},[42,157696,868],{"class":60},[42,157698,143],{"class":56},[14,157700,157701,157702,122],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[693,157703,148086],{"href":157704},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[28,157706,157708],{"id":157707},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157710,157711],{},"The full syntax is:",[33,157713,157715],{"className":35,"code":157714,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[17,157716,157717],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157718,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157720,148104],{"class":114},[42,157722,4238],{"class":56},[42,157724,36432],{"class":114},[42,157726,1935],{"class":56},[42,157728,75788],{"class":114},[42,157730,1935],{"class":56},[42,157732,75791],{"class":114},[42,157734,3970],{"class":56},[14,157736,157737],{},"Each part has a job:",[167,157739,157740,157745,157750],{},[170,157741,157742,157744],{},[17,157743,36432],{},": where slicing begins",[170,157746,157747,157749],{},[17,157748,75788],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[170,157751,157752,157754],{},[17,157753,75791],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157756,157757],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157759,219],{},[33,157761,157763],{"className":35,"code":157762,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[17,157764,157765,157797,157801],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157766,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157768,3952],{"class":114},[42,157770,88],{"class":87},[42,157772,9586],{"class":56},[42,157774,2659],{"class":2348},[42,157776,70],{"class":56},[42,157778,8139],{"class":2348},[42,157780,70],{"class":56},[42,157782,8144],{"class":2348},[42,157784,70],{"class":56},[42,157786,51206],{"class":2348},[42,157788,70],{"class":56},[42,157790,5423],{"class":2348},[42,157792,70],{"class":56},[42,157794,76462],{"class":2348},[42,157796,143],{"class":56},[42,157798,157799],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157800,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,157802,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157804,284],{"class":52},[42,157806,57],{"class":56},[42,157808,3984],{"class":125},[42,157810,4238],{"class":56},[42,157812,3320],{"class":2348},[42,157814,1935],{"class":56},[42,157816,2461],{"class":2348},[42,157818,1935],{"class":56},[42,157820,2381],{"class":2348},[42,157822,4226],{"class":56},[14,157824,2395],{},[33,157826,157828],{"className":35,"code":157827,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(20, 40)\n",[17,157829,157830],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157831,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157833,57],{"class":56},[42,157835,16112],{"class":2348},[42,157837,70],{"class":56},[42,157839,51206],{"class":2348},[42,157841,143],{"class":56},[14,157843,157844,157845,157847,157848,157850,157851,122],{},"This starts at index ",[17,157846,3320],{},", stops before index ",[17,157849,2461],{},", and moves by ",[17,157852,2381],{},[14,157854,157855,157856,122],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[693,157857,149759],{"href":153185},[28,157859,76378],{"id":76377},[14,157861,157862],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1073,157864,157866,157867,6311],{"id":157865},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[17,157868,76392],{},[33,157870,157872],{"className":35,"code":157871,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[17,157873,157874,157902,157906],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157875,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157877,3952],{"class":114},[42,157879,88],{"class":87},[42,157881,9586],{"class":56},[42,157883,2659],{"class":2348},[42,157885,70],{"class":56},[42,157887,8139],{"class":2348},[42,157889,70],{"class":56},[42,157891,8144],{"class":2348},[42,157893,70],{"class":56},[42,157895,51206],{"class":2348},[42,157897,70],{"class":56},[42,157899,5423],{"class":2348},[42,157901,143],{"class":56},[42,157903,157904],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157905,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,157907,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157909,284],{"class":52},[42,157911,57],{"class":56},[42,157913,3984],{"class":125},[42,157915,75897],{"class":56},[42,157917,2387],{"class":2348},[42,157919,4226],{"class":56},[14,157921,2395],{},[33,157923,157924],{"className":35,"code":151451,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,157925,157926],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157927,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157929,57],{"class":56},[42,157931,2659],{"class":2348},[42,157933,70],{"class":56},[42,157935,8139],{"class":2348},[42,157937,70],{"class":56},[42,157939,8144],{"class":2348},[42,157941,143],{"class":56},[1073,157943,157945],{"id":157944},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[33,157947,157949],{"className":35,"code":157948,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[17,157950,157951,157979,157983],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,157952,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,157954,3952],{"class":114},[42,157956,88],{"class":87},[42,157958,9586],{"class":56},[42,157960,2659],{"class":2348},[42,157962,70],{"class":56},[42,157964,8139],{"class":2348},[42,157966,70],{"class":56},[42,157968,8144],{"class":2348},[42,157970,70],{"class":56},[42,157972,51206],{"class":2348},[42,157974,70],{"class":56},[42,157976,5423],{"class":2348},[42,157978,143],{"class":56},[42,157980,157981],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,157982,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,157984,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,157986,284],{"class":52},[42,157988,57],{"class":56},[42,157990,3984],{"class":125},[42,157992,4238],{"class":56},[42,157994,2381],{"class":2348},[42,157996,78078],{"class":56},[14,157998,2395],{},[33,158000,158002],{"className":35,"code":158001,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[17,158003,158004],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158005,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158007,57],{"class":56},[42,158009,37202],{"class":2348},[42,158011,70],{"class":56},[42,158013,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158015,70],{"class":56},[42,158017,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158019,143],{"class":56},[1073,158021,158023],{"id":158022},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[33,158025,158027],{"className":35,"code":158026,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[17,158028,158029,158057,158061],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158030,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158032,3952],{"class":114},[42,158034,88],{"class":87},[42,158036,9586],{"class":56},[42,158038,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158040,70],{"class":56},[42,158042,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158044,70],{"class":56},[42,158046,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158048,70],{"class":56},[42,158050,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158052,70],{"class":56},[42,158054,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158056,143],{"class":56},[42,158058,158059],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158060,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158062,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158064,284],{"class":52},[42,158066,57],{"class":56},[42,158068,3984],{"class":125},[42,158070,4238],{"class":56},[42,158072,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158074,1935],{"class":56},[42,158076,2836],{"class":2348},[42,158078,4226],{"class":56},[14,158080,2395],{},[33,158082,158084],{"className":35,"code":158083,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[17,158085,158086],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158087,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158089,57],{"class":56},[42,158091,16112],{"class":2348},[42,158093,70],{"class":56},[42,158095,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158097,70],{"class":56},[42,158099,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158101,143],{"class":56},[1073,158103,158105],{"id":158104},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[33,158107,158109],{"className":35,"code":158108,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[17,158110,158111,158143,158147],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158112,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158114,3952],{"class":114},[42,158116,88],{"class":87},[42,158118,9586],{"class":56},[42,158120,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158122,70],{"class":56},[42,158124,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158126,70],{"class":56},[42,158128,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158130,70],{"class":56},[42,158132,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158134,70],{"class":56},[42,158136,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158138,70],{"class":56},[42,158140,76462],{"class":2348},[42,158142,143],{"class":56},[42,158144,158145],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158146,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158148,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158150,284],{"class":52},[42,158152,57],{"class":56},[42,158154,3984],{"class":125},[42,158156,74484],{"class":56},[42,158158,2381],{"class":2348},[42,158160,4226],{"class":56},[14,158162,2395],{},[33,158164,158166],{"className":35,"code":158165,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[17,158167,158168],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158169,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158171,57],{"class":56},[42,158173,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158175,70],{"class":56},[42,158177,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158179,70],{"class":56},[42,158181,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158183,143],{"class":56},[1073,158185,158187],{"id":158186},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[33,158189,158191],{"className":35,"code":158190,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[17,158192,158193,158221,158225],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158194,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158196,3952],{"class":114},[42,158198,88],{"class":87},[42,158200,9586],{"class":56},[42,158202,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158204,70],{"class":56},[42,158206,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158208,70],{"class":56},[42,158210,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158212,70],{"class":56},[42,158214,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158216,70],{"class":56},[42,158218,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158220,143],{"class":56},[42,158222,158223],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158224,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158226,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158228,284],{"class":52},[42,158230,57],{"class":56},[42,158232,3984],{"class":125},[42,158234,74484],{"class":56},[42,158236,2345],{"class":87},[42,158238,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158240,4226],{"class":56},[14,158242,2395],{},[33,158244,158246],{"className":35,"code":158245,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[17,158247,158248],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158249,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158251,57],{"class":56},[42,158253,77156],{"class":2348},[42,158255,70],{"class":56},[42,158257,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158259,70],{"class":56},[42,158261,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158263,70],{"class":56},[42,158265,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158267,70],{"class":56},[42,158269,6350],{"class":2348},[42,158271,143],{"class":56},[28,158273,76672],{"id":76671},[14,158275,154458],{},[14,158277,158278],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1073,158280,158282],{"id":158281},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[33,158284,158286],{"className":35,"code":158285,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[17,158287,158288,158320,158324],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158289,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316,158318],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158291,3952],{"class":114},[42,158293,88],{"class":87},[42,158295,9586],{"class":56},[42,158297,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158299,70],{"class":56},[42,158301,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158303,70],{"class":56},[42,158305,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158307,70],{"class":56},[42,158309,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158311,70],{"class":56},[42,158313,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158315,70],{"class":56},[42,158317,76462],{"class":2348},[42,158319,143],{"class":56},[42,158321,158322],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158323,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158325,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158327,284],{"class":52},[42,158329,57],{"class":56},[42,158331,3984],{"class":125},[42,158333,4238],{"class":56},[42,158335,2345],{"class":87},[42,158337,2387],{"class":2348},[42,158339,78078],{"class":56},[14,158341,2395],{},[33,158343,158345],{"className":35,"code":158344,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[17,158346,158347],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158348,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357,158359,158361],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158350,57],{"class":56},[42,158352,57057],{"class":2348},[42,158354,70],{"class":56},[42,158356,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158358,70],{"class":56},[42,158360,76462],{"class":2348},[42,158362,143],{"class":56},[1073,158364,158366],{"id":158365},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[33,158368,158370],{"className":35,"code":158369,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[17,158371,158372,158400,158404],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158373,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158375,3952],{"class":114},[42,158377,88],{"class":87},[42,158379,9586],{"class":56},[42,158381,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158383,70],{"class":56},[42,158385,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158387,70],{"class":56},[42,158389,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158391,70],{"class":56},[42,158393,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158395,70],{"class":56},[42,158397,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158399,143],{"class":56},[42,158401,158402],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158403,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158405,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158407,284],{"class":52},[42,158409,57],{"class":56},[42,158411,3984],{"class":125},[42,158413,75897],{"class":56},[42,158415,2345],{"class":87},[42,158417,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158419,4226],{"class":56},[14,158421,2395],{},[33,158423,158425],{"className":35,"code":158424,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[17,158426,158427],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158428,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158430,57],{"class":56},[42,158432,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158434,70],{"class":56},[42,158436,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158438,70],{"class":56},[42,158440,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158442,70],{"class":56},[42,158444,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158446,143],{"class":56},[14,158448,158449,158450,122],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[693,158451,151008],{"href":157342},[28,158453,158455],{"id":158454},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,158457,2303,158458,158460],{},[17,158459,75791],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[167,158462,158463,158465,158467,158473],{},[170,158464,76928],{},[170,158466,76931],{},[170,158468,158469,158472],{},[17,158470,158471],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[170,158474,158475,158476,158478],{},"A step of ",[17,158477,2445],{}," is not allowed",[14,158480,158481],{},"Example with a positive step:",[33,158483,158485],{"className":35,"code":158484,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[17,158486,158487,158519,158523],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158488,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158490,3952],{"class":114},[42,158492,88],{"class":87},[42,158494,9586],{"class":56},[42,158496,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158498,70],{"class":56},[42,158500,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158502,70],{"class":56},[42,158504,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158506,70],{"class":56},[42,158508,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158510,70],{"class":56},[42,158512,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158514,70],{"class":56},[42,158516,76462],{"class":2348},[42,158518,143],{"class":56},[42,158520,158521],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158522,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158524,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158526,284],{"class":52},[42,158528,57],{"class":56},[42,158530,3984],{"class":125},[42,158532,4238],{"class":56},[42,158534,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158536,1935],{"class":56},[42,158538,80956],{"class":2348},[42,158540,1935],{"class":56},[42,158542,2381],{"class":2348},[42,158544,4226],{"class":56},[14,158546,2395],{},[33,158548,158550],{"className":35,"code":158549,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[17,158551,158552],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158553,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564,158566],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158555,57],{"class":56},[42,158557,16112],{"class":2348},[42,158559,70],{"class":56},[42,158561,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158563,70],{"class":56},[42,158565,76462],{"class":2348},[42,158567,143],{"class":56},[14,158569,158570],{},"Example with a negative step:",[33,158572,158574],{"className":35,"code":158573,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[17,158575,158576,158604,158608],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158577,158578,158580,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158579,3952],{"class":114},[42,158581,88],{"class":87},[42,158583,9586],{"class":56},[42,158585,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158587,70],{"class":56},[42,158589,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158591,70],{"class":56},[42,158593,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158595,70],{"class":56},[42,158597,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158599,70],{"class":56},[42,158601,5423],{"class":2348},[42,158603,143],{"class":56},[42,158605,158606],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158607,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158609,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158611,284],{"class":52},[42,158613,57],{"class":56},[42,158615,3984],{"class":125},[42,158617,4238],{"class":56},[42,158619,2836],{"class":2348},[42,158621,1935],{"class":56},[42,158623,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158625,1935],{"class":56},[42,158627,2345],{"class":87},[42,158629,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158631,4226],{"class":56},[14,158633,2395],{},[33,158635,158637],{"className":35,"code":158636,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[17,158638,158639],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158640,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158642,57],{"class":56},[42,158644,77156],{"class":2348},[42,158646,70],{"class":56},[42,158648,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158650,70],{"class":56},[42,158652,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158654,143],{"class":56},[14,158656,158657],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[33,158659,158661],{"className":35,"code":158660,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[17,158662,158663,158683,158687],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158664,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158666,3952],{"class":114},[42,158668,88],{"class":87},[42,158670,9586],{"class":56},[42,158672,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158674,70],{"class":56},[42,158676,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158678,70],{"class":56},[42,158680,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158682,143],{"class":56},[42,158684,158685],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158686,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158688,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158690,284],{"class":52},[42,158692,57],{"class":56},[42,158694,3984],{"class":125},[42,158696,74484],{"class":56},[42,158698,2445],{"class":2348},[42,158700,4226],{"class":56},[14,158702,158703],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[28,158705,158707],{"id":158706},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158709,158710,158711,34102],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[177,158712,49315],{},[1073,158714,158716],{"id":158715},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[33,158718,158720],{"className":35,"code":158719,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,158721,158722,158746,158750,158768,158772,158782],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158723,158724,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158725,3952],{"class":114},[42,158727,88],{"class":87},[42,158729,9586],{"class":56},[42,158731,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158733,70],{"class":56},[42,158735,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158737,70],{"class":56},[42,158739,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158741,70],{"class":56},[42,158743,51206],{"class":2348},[42,158745,143],{"class":56},[42,158747,158748],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158749,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158751,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158753,2555],{"class":114},[42,158755,88],{"class":87},[42,158757,4603],{"class":114},[42,158759,4238],{"class":56},[42,158761,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158763,1935],{"class":56},[42,158765,2387],{"class":2348},[42,158767,3970],{"class":56},[42,158769,158770],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,158771,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158773,158774,158776,158778,158780],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,158775,284],{"class":52},[42,158777,57],{"class":56},[42,158779,2592],{"class":125},[42,158781,143],{"class":56},[42,158783,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,158785,284],{"class":52},[42,158787,57],{"class":56},[42,158789,835],{"class":834},[42,158791,57],{"class":56},[42,158793,2592],{"class":125},[42,158795,842],{"class":56},[14,158797,2395],{},[33,158799,158801],{"className":35,"code":158800,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,158802,158803,158815],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158804,158805,158807,158809,158811,158813],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158806,57],{"class":56},[42,158808,16112],{"class":2348},[42,158810,70],{"class":56},[42,158812,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158814,143],{"class":56},[42,158816,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158818,855],{"class":87},[42,158820,859],{"class":858},[42,158822,862],{"class":60},[42,158824,49315],{"class":64},[42,158826,868],{"class":60},[42,158828,871],{"class":87},[1073,158830,158832],{"id":158831},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[33,158834,158836],{"className":35,"code":158835,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[17,158837,158838,158858,158862,158880,158884,158894],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158841,3952],{"class":114},[42,158843,88],{"class":87},[42,158845,9586],{"class":56},[42,158847,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158849,70],{"class":56},[42,158851,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158853,70],{"class":56},[42,158855,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158857,143],{"class":56},[42,158859,158860],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158861,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158863,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158865,2555],{"class":114},[42,158867,88],{"class":87},[42,158869,4603],{"class":114},[42,158871,4238],{"class":56},[42,158873,3320],{"class":2348},[42,158875,1935],{"class":56},[42,158877,2381],{"class":2348},[42,158879,3970],{"class":56},[42,158881,158882],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,158883,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158885,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,158887,284],{"class":52},[42,158889,57],{"class":56},[42,158891,2592],{"class":125},[42,158893,143],{"class":56},[42,158895,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,158897,284],{"class":52},[42,158899,57],{"class":56},[42,158901,835],{"class":834},[42,158903,57],{"class":56},[42,158905,2592],{"class":125},[42,158907,842],{"class":56},[14,158909,2395],{},[33,158911,158913],{"className":35,"code":158912,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[17,158914,158915,158923],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158916,158917,158919,158921],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158918,57],{"class":56},[42,158920,16112],{"class":2348},[42,158922,149442],{"class":56},[42,158924,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158926,855],{"class":87},[42,158928,859],{"class":858},[42,158930,862],{"class":60},[42,158932,49315],{"class":64},[42,158934,868],{"class":60},[42,158936,871],{"class":87},[1073,158938,158940],{"id":158939},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[33,158942,158944],{"className":35,"code":158943,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[17,158945,158946,158966,158970],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158947,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158949,3952],{"class":114},[42,158951,88],{"class":87},[42,158953,9586],{"class":56},[42,158955,2659],{"class":2348},[42,158957,70],{"class":56},[42,158959,8139],{"class":2348},[42,158961,70],{"class":56},[42,158963,8144],{"class":2348},[42,158965,143],{"class":56},[42,158967,158968],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,158969,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,158971,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980,158982,158984,158986],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,158973,284],{"class":52},[42,158975,57],{"class":56},[42,158977,3984],{"class":125},[42,158979,4238],{"class":56},[42,158981,2461],{"class":2348},[42,158983,1935],{"class":56},[42,158985,2674],{"class":2348},[42,158987,4226],{"class":56},[14,158989,2395],{},[33,158991,158992],{"className":35,"code":129,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,158993,158994],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,158995,158996],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,158997,129],{"class":56},[14,158999,159000,159001,122],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[693,159002,156178],{"href":151065},[28,159004,159006],{"id":159005},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,159008,159009],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[167,159011,159012,159014,159017,159022],{},[170,159013,77237],{},[170,159015,159016],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[170,159018,159019,159020],{},"Indexing can raise ",[17,159021,71093],{},[170,159023,159024],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,159026,219],{},[33,159028,159030],{"className":35,"code":159029,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[17,159031,159032,159052,159056,159073,159094],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159033,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046,159048,159050],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159035,3952],{"class":114},[42,159037,88],{"class":87},[42,159039,9586],{"class":56},[42,159041,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159043,70],{"class":56},[42,159045,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159047,70],{"class":56},[42,159049,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159051,143],{"class":56},[42,159053,159054],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159055,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159057,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159059,284],{"class":52},[42,159061,57],{"class":56},[42,159063,3984],{"class":125},[42,159065,4238],{"class":56},[42,159067,3320],{"class":2348},[42,159069,20804],{"class":56},[42,159071,159072],{"class":525},"    # one item\n",[42,159074,159075,159077,159079,159081,159083,159085,159087,159089,159091],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,159076,284],{"class":52},[42,159078,57],{"class":56},[42,159080,3984],{"class":125},[42,159082,4238],{"class":56},[42,159084,3320],{"class":2348},[42,159086,1935],{"class":56},[42,159088,2461],{"class":2348},[42,159090,20804],{"class":56},[42,159092,159093],{"class":525},"  # slice\n",[42,159095,159096,159098,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,159097,284],{"class":52},[42,159099,57],{"class":56},[42,159101,3984],{"class":125},[42,159103,4238],{"class":56},[42,159105,2461],{"class":2348},[42,159107,1935],{"class":56},[42,159109,2674],{"class":2348},[42,159111,20804],{"class":56},[42,159113,159114],{"class":525},"  # empty slice\n",[14,159116,2395],{},[33,159118,159120],{"className":35,"code":159119,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[17,159121,159122,159126,159138],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159123,159124],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159125,71586],{"class":2348},[42,159127,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159129,57],{"class":56},[42,159131,16112],{"class":2348},[42,159133,70],{"class":56},[42,159135,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159137,143],{"class":56},[42,159139,159140],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159141,129],{"class":56},[14,159143,159144],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[33,159146,159148],{"className":35,"code":159147,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[17,159149,159150,159170,159174],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159151,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159153,3952],{"class":114},[42,159155,88],{"class":87},[42,159157,9586],{"class":56},[42,159159,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159161,70],{"class":56},[42,159163,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159165,70],{"class":56},[42,159167,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159169,143],{"class":56},[42,159171,159172],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159173,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159175,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159177,284],{"class":52},[42,159179,57],{"class":56},[42,159181,3984],{"class":125},[42,159183,4238],{"class":56},[42,159185,2461],{"class":2348},[42,159187,4226],{"class":56},[14,159189,159190,159191,159193,159194,122],{},"This raises an ",[17,159192,71093],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[693,159195,154931],{"href":159196},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[28,159198,15534],{"id":77504},[14,159200,159201],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[167,159203,159204,159207,159209,159212],{},[170,159205,159206],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[170,159208,61056],{},[170,159210,159211],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[170,159213,159214,159215],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[17,159216,2445],{},[14,159218,159219],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1073,159221,159223],{"id":159222},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[33,159225,159226],{"className":35,"code":158026,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,159227,159228,159256,159260],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159229,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159231,3952],{"class":114},[42,159233,88],{"class":87},[42,159235,9586],{"class":56},[42,159237,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159239,70],{"class":56},[42,159241,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159243,70],{"class":56},[42,159245,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159247,70],{"class":56},[42,159249,51206],{"class":2348},[42,159251,70],{"class":56},[42,159253,5423],{"class":2348},[42,159255,143],{"class":56},[42,159257,159258],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159259,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159261,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159263,284],{"class":52},[42,159265,57],{"class":56},[42,159267,3984],{"class":125},[42,159269,4238],{"class":56},[42,159271,3320],{"class":2348},[42,159273,1935],{"class":56},[42,159275,2836],{"class":2348},[42,159277,4226],{"class":56},[14,159279,2395],{},[33,159281,159282],{"className":35,"code":158083,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,159283,159284],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159285,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159287,57],{"class":56},[42,159289,16112],{"class":2348},[42,159291,70],{"class":56},[42,159293,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159295,70],{"class":56},[42,159297,51206],{"class":2348},[42,159299,143],{"class":56},[14,159301,132510,159302,159304],{},[17,159303,2836],{}," is not included.",[1073,159306,159308],{"id":159307},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,159310,4866],{},[33,159312,159314],{"className":35,"code":159313,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[17,159315,159316,159340,159344],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159317,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159319,3952],{"class":114},[42,159321,88],{"class":87},[42,159323,9586],{"class":56},[42,159325,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159327,70],{"class":56},[42,159329,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159331,70],{"class":56},[42,159333,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159335,70],{"class":56},[42,159337,51206],{"class":2348},[42,159339,143],{"class":56},[42,159341,159342],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159343,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159345,159346],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159347,159348],{"class":525},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,159350,159351],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[33,159353,159354],{"className":35,"code":155011,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,159355,159356,159380,159384],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159357,159358,159360,159362,159364,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159359,3952],{"class":114},[42,159361,88],{"class":87},[42,159363,9586],{"class":56},[42,159365,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159367,70],{"class":56},[42,159369,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159371,70],{"class":56},[42,159373,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159375,70],{"class":56},[42,159377,51206],{"class":2348},[42,159379,143],{"class":56},[42,159381,159382],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159383,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159385,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159387,284],{"class":52},[42,159389,57],{"class":56},[42,159391,3984],{"class":125},[42,159393,4238],{"class":56},[42,159395,3320],{"class":2348},[42,159397,1935],{"class":56},[42,159399,2387],{"class":2348},[42,159401,4226],{"class":56},[1073,159403,159405],{"id":159404},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[33,159407,159409],{"className":35,"code":159408,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[17,159410,159411,159435,159439,159454,159458,159469],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159412,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159414,3952],{"class":114},[42,159416,88],{"class":87},[42,159418,9586],{"class":56},[42,159420,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159422,70],{"class":56},[42,159424,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159426,70],{"class":56},[42,159428,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159430,70],{"class":56},[42,159432,51206],{"class":2348},[42,159434,143],{"class":56},[42,159436,159437],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159438,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159440,159441,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159442,159443],{"class":114},"slice_result ",[42,159445,88],{"class":87},[42,159447,4603],{"class":114},[42,159449,75897],{"class":56},[42,159451,2381],{"class":2348},[42,159453,3970],{"class":56},[42,159455,159456],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,159457,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159459,159460,159462,159464,159467],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,159461,284],{"class":52},[42,159463,57],{"class":56},[42,159465,159466],{"class":125},"slice_result",[42,159468,143],{"class":56},[42,159470,159471,159473,159475,159477],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,159472,284],{"class":52},[42,159474,57],{"class":56},[42,159476,3984],{"class":125},[42,159478,143],{"class":56},[14,159480,2395],{},[33,159482,159484],{"className":35,"code":159483,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[17,159485,159486,159498],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159487,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159489,57],{"class":56},[42,159491,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159493,70],{"class":56},[42,159495,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159497,143],{"class":56},[42,159499,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159501,57],{"class":56},[42,159503,2659],{"class":2348},[42,159505,70],{"class":56},[42,159507,8139],{"class":2348},[42,159509,70],{"class":56},[42,159511,8144],{"class":2348},[42,159513,70],{"class":56},[42,159515,51206],{"class":2348},[42,159517,143],{"class":56},[14,159519,159520],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[28,159522,113824],{"id":113823},[14,159524,159525],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[167,159527,159528,159531,159534,159540,159543],{},[170,159529,159530],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[170,159532,159533],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[170,159535,159536,159537],{},"Using a zero step like ",[17,159538,159539],{},"tuple[::0]",[170,159541,159542],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[170,159544,159545],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,159547,159548],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[33,159550,159552],{"className":35,"code":159551,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[17,159553,159554,159564,159582,159604],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159555,159556,159558,159560,159562],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159557,284],{"class":52},[42,159559,57],{"class":56},[42,159561,148104],{"class":125},[42,159563,143],{"class":56},[42,159565,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159567,284],{"class":52},[42,159569,57],{"class":56},[42,159571,148104],{"class":125},[42,159573,4238],{"class":56},[42,159575,3320],{"class":2348},[42,159577,1935],{"class":56},[42,159579,2836],{"class":2348},[42,159581,4226],{"class":56},[42,159583,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159585,284],{"class":52},[42,159587,57],{"class":56},[42,159589,835],{"class":834},[42,159591,57],{"class":56},[42,159593,148104],{"class":125},[42,159595,4238],{"class":56},[42,159597,3320],{"class":2348},[42,159599,1935],{"class":56},[42,159601,2836],{"class":2348},[42,159603,3332],{"class":56},[42,159605,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614,159616],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,159607,284],{"class":52},[42,159609,57],{"class":56},[42,159611,11515],{"class":52},[42,159613,57],{"class":56},[42,159615,148104],{"class":125},[42,159617,842],{"class":56},[14,159619,11524],{},[167,159621,159622,159624,159627,159630],{},[170,159623,155318],{},[170,159625,159626],{},"what the slice actually returns",[170,159628,159629],{},"that the result is a tuple",[170,159631,159632],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[28,159634,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,159636,159638],{"id":159637},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159640,159641],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1073,159643,159645],{"id":159644},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159647,159648],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1073,159650,5485,159652,40323],{"id":159651},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[17,159653,158471],{},[14,159655,159656],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1073,159658,159660,159661,2823],{"id":159659},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[17,159662,71093],{},[14,159664,159665,159666,122],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[17,159667,71093],{},[28,159669,2205],{"id":2204},[167,159671,159672,159676,159680,159684,159688],{},[170,159673,159674],{},[693,159675,156178],{"href":151065},[170,159677,159678],{},[693,159679,149759],{"href":153185},[170,159681,159682],{},[693,159683,151008],{"href":157342},[170,159685,159686],{},[693,159687,148086],{"href":157704},[170,159689,159690],{},[693,159691,154931],{"href":159196},[2245,159693,159694],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":159696},[159697,159698,159699,159700,159708,159712,159713,159718,159719,159724,159725,159733],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":157504,"depth":111,"text":157505},{"id":157707,"depth":111,"text":157708},{"id":76377,"depth":111,"text":76378,"children":159701},[159702,159704,159705,159706,159707],{"id":157865,"depth":132,"text":159703},"Get the first n items",{"id":157944,"depth":132,"text":157945},{"id":158022,"depth":132,"text":158023},{"id":158104,"depth":132,"text":158105},{"id":158186,"depth":132,"text":158187},{"id":76671,"depth":111,"text":76672,"children":159709},[159710,159711],{"id":158281,"depth":132,"text":158282},{"id":158365,"depth":132,"text":158366},{"id":158454,"depth":111,"text":158455},{"id":158706,"depth":111,"text":158707,"children":159714},[159715,159716,159717],{"id":158715,"depth":132,"text":158716},{"id":158831,"depth":132,"text":158832},{"id":158939,"depth":132,"text":158940},{"id":159005,"depth":111,"text":159006},{"id":77504,"depth":111,"text":15534,"children":159720},[159721,159722,159723],{"id":159222,"depth":132,"text":159223},{"id":159307,"depth":132,"text":159308},{"id":159404,"depth":132,"text":159405},{"id":113823,"depth":111,"text":113824},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":159726},[159727,159728,159729,159731],{"id":159637,"depth":132,"text":159638},{"id":159644,"depth":132,"text":159645},{"id":159651,"depth":132,"text":159730},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159659,"depth":132,"text":159732},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157348,"description":159734},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159741,"title":159742,"body":159743,"description":161566,"extension":2285,"meta":161567,"navigation":2287,"path":35168,"seo":161568,"stem":161569,"__hash__":161570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159744,"toc":161532},[159745,159750,159755,159759,159777,159780,159795,159801,159803,159860,159862,159894,159906,159912,159917,159920,159955,159961,159963,159966,159980,159983,159985,160008,160010,160028,160031,160047,160049,160052,160165,160167,160256,160259,160264,160270,160273,160276,160375,160377,160436,160441,160444,160513,160517,160549,160565,160570,160577,160584,160596,160598,160647,160649,160672,160678,160726,160731,160738,160746,160752,160755,160779,160782,160784,160860,160862,160887,160893,160896,160901,160905,160919,160921,160984,160986,161018,161021,161037,161039,161045,161052,161054,161073,161075,161093,161100,161105,161112,161114,161151,161154,161161,161165,161168,161226,161229,161232,161287,161289,161301,161307,161309,161313,161346,161353,161355,161418,161421,161423,161428,161442,161449,161457,161466,161475,161481,161487,161489,161529],[10,159746,3908,159748,3912],{"id":159747},"python-type-function-explained",[17,159749,2630],{},[14,159751,32677,159752,159754],{},[17,159753,2630],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159756,63131,159757,104668],{},[17,159758,2630],{},[167,159760,159761,159764,159767,159770],{},[170,159762,159763],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[170,159765,159766],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[170,159768,159769],{},"debug confusing code",[170,159771,159772,159773],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[693,159774,159775],{"href":8569},[17,159776,3289],{},[14,159778,159779],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[33,159781,159783],{"className":35,"code":159782,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"type(object)\n",[17,159784,159785],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159786,159787,159789,159791,159793],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159788,835],{"class":834},[42,159790,57],{"class":56},[42,159792,42762],{"class":834},[42,159794,143],{"class":56},[14,159796,159797,159798,159800],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[17,159799,2630],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[28,159802,3942],{"id":3941},[33,159804,159806],{"className":35,"code":159805,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,159807,159808,159820,159834,159838,159846],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159809,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159811,8226],{"class":114},[42,159813,88],{"class":87},[42,159815,73],{"class":60},[42,159817,5346],{"class":64},[42,159819,3689],{"class":60},[42,159821,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159823,284],{"class":52},[42,159825,57],{"class":56},[42,159827,835],{"class":834},[42,159829,57],{"class":56},[42,159831,8016],{"class":125},[42,159833,842],{"class":56},[42,159835,159836],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,159837,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,159839,159840,159842,159844],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,159841,2542],{"class":114},[42,159843,88],{"class":87},[42,159845,2919],{"class":2348},[42,159847,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856,159858],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,159849,284],{"class":52},[42,159851,57],{"class":56},[42,159853,835],{"class":834},[42,159855,57],{"class":56},[42,159857,2565],{"class":125},[42,159859,842],{"class":56},[14,159861,2395],{},[33,159863,159864],{"className":35,"code":125171,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,159865,159866,159880],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159867,159868,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159869,855],{"class":87},[42,159871,859],{"class":858},[42,159873,862],{"class":60},[42,159875,3775],{"class":64},[42,159877,868],{"class":60},[42,159879,871],{"class":87},[42,159881,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,159883,855],{"class":87},[42,159885,859],{"class":858},[42,159887,862],{"class":60},[42,159889,2513],{"class":64},[42,159891,868],{"class":60},[42,159893,871],{"class":87},[14,159895,146,159896,159899,159900,1753,159903,122],{},[17,159897,159898],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[17,159901,159902],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[17,159904,159905],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[28,159907,13353,159909,159911],{"id":159908},"what-the-type-function-does",[17,159910,2630],{}," function does",[14,159913,159914,159916],{},[17,159915,2630],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159918,159919],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[167,159921,159922,159927,159932,159937,159942,159947],{},[170,159923,159924,159926],{},[17,159925,3775],{}," for text",[170,159928,159929,159931],{},[17,159930,2513],{}," for whole numbers",[170,159933,159934,159936],{},[17,159935,2517],{}," for decimal numbers",[170,159938,159939,159941],{},[17,159940,8443],{}," for lists",[170,159943,159944,159946],{},[17,159945,9171],{}," for dictionaries",[170,159948,159949,69459,159951,1753,159953],{},[17,159950,4206],{},[17,159952,3937],{},[17,159954,4009],{},[14,159956,159957,159958,159960],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[17,159959,2630],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[28,159962,312],{"id":311},[14,159964,159965],{},"The main beginner form is:",[33,159967,159968],{"className":35,"code":159782,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,159969,159970],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159973,835],{"class":834},[42,159975,57],{"class":56},[42,159977,42762],{"class":834},[42,159979,143],{"class":56},[14,159981,159982],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159984,219],{},[33,159986,159988],{"className":35,"code":159987,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[17,159989,159990],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,159991,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,159993,284],{"class":52},[42,159995,57],{"class":56},[42,159997,835],{"class":834},[42,159999,57],{"class":56},[42,160001,61],{"class":60},[42,160003,4183],{"class":64},[42,160005,61],{"class":60},[42,160007,842],{"class":56},[14,160009,2395],{},[33,160011,160012],{"className":35,"code":46133,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,160013,160014],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160015,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024,160026],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160017,855],{"class":87},[42,160019,859],{"class":858},[42,160021,862],{"class":60},[42,160023,3775],{"class":64},[42,160025,868],{"class":60},[42,160027,871],{"class":87},[14,160029,160030],{},"You can pass either:",[167,160032,160033,160040],{},[170,160034,160035,160036,1327,160038],{},"a literal value such as ",[17,160037,64899],{},[17,160039,46889],{},[170,160041,160042,160043,1327,160045],{},"a variable such as ",[17,160044,8016],{},[17,160046,9649],{},[28,160048,121983],{"id":121982},[14,160050,160051],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[33,160053,160055],{"className":35,"code":160054,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[17,160056,160057,160075,160089,160103,160125,160151],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160058,160059,160061,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160060,284],{"class":52},[42,160062,57],{"class":56},[42,160064,835],{"class":834},[42,160066,57],{"class":56},[42,160068,61],{"class":60},[42,160070,4183],{"class":64},[42,160072,61],{"class":60},[42,160074,842],{"class":56},[42,160076,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160078,284],{"class":52},[42,160080,57],{"class":56},[42,160082,835],{"class":834},[42,160084,57],{"class":56},[42,160086,2659],{"class":2348},[42,160088,842],{"class":56},[42,160090,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160092,284],{"class":52},[42,160094,57],{"class":56},[42,160096,835],{"class":834},[42,160098,57],{"class":56},[42,160100,40506],{"class":2348},[42,160102,842],{"class":56},[42,160104,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160106,284],{"class":52},[42,160108,57],{"class":56},[42,160110,835],{"class":834},[42,160112,3317],{"class":56},[42,160114,3320],{"class":2348},[42,160116,70],{"class":56},[42,160118,3325],{"class":2348},[42,160120,70],{"class":56},[42,160122,2781],{"class":2348},[42,160124,3332],{"class":56},[42,160126,160127,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,160128,284],{"class":52},[42,160130,57],{"class":56},[42,160132,835],{"class":834},[42,160134,5874],{"class":56},[42,160136,61],{"class":60},[42,160138,8016],{"class":64},[42,160140,61],{"class":60},[42,160142,1935],{"class":56},[42,160144,73],{"class":60},[42,160146,5346],{"class":64},[42,160148,61],{"class":60},[42,160150,5883],{"class":56},[42,160152,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,160154,284],{"class":52},[42,160156,57],{"class":56},[42,160158,835],{"class":834},[42,160160,57],{"class":56},[42,160162,3937],{"class":4190},[42,160164,842],{"class":56},[14,160166,2395],{},[33,160168,160170],{"className":35,"code":160169,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[17,160171,160172,160186,160200,160214,160228,160242],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160173,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160175,855],{"class":87},[42,160177,859],{"class":858},[42,160179,862],{"class":60},[42,160181,3775],{"class":64},[42,160183,868],{"class":60},[42,160185,871],{"class":87},[42,160187,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160189,855],{"class":87},[42,160191,859],{"class":858},[42,160193,862],{"class":60},[42,160195,2513],{"class":64},[42,160197,868],{"class":60},[42,160199,871],{"class":87},[42,160201,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160203,855],{"class":87},[42,160205,859],{"class":858},[42,160207,862],{"class":60},[42,160209,2517],{"class":64},[42,160211,868],{"class":60},[42,160213,871],{"class":87},[42,160215,160216,160218,160220,160222,160224,160226],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160217,855],{"class":87},[42,160219,859],{"class":858},[42,160221,862],{"class":60},[42,160223,8443],{"class":64},[42,160225,868],{"class":60},[42,160227,871],{"class":87},[42,160229,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,160231,855],{"class":87},[42,160233,859],{"class":858},[42,160235,862],{"class":60},[42,160237,9171],{"class":64},[42,160239,868],{"class":60},[42,160241,871],{"class":87},[42,160243,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,160245,855],{"class":87},[42,160247,859],{"class":858},[42,160249,862],{"class":60},[42,160251,4206],{"class":64},[42,160253,868],{"class":60},[42,160255,871],{"class":87},[14,160257,160258],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,160260,160261,160262,122],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[693,160263,45160],{"href":49340},[28,160265,1940,160267,160269],{"id":160266},"using-type-with-variables",[17,160268,2630],{}," with variables",[14,160271,160272],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,160274,160275],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[33,160277,160279],{"className":35,"code":160278,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[17,160280,160281,160289,160307,160311,160323,160341,160345,160357],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160282,160283,160285,160287],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160284,2776],{"class":114},[42,160286,88],{"class":87},[42,160288,2919],{"class":2348},[42,160290,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160292,284],{"class":52},[42,160294,57],{"class":56},[42,160296,2803],{"class":125},[42,160298,70],{"class":56},[42,160300,49752],{"class":834},[42,160302,57],{"class":56},[42,160304,2803],{"class":125},[42,160306,842],{"class":56},[42,160308,160309],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160310,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,160312,160313,160315,160317,160319,160321],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160314,2776],{"class":114},[42,160316,88],{"class":87},[42,160318,73],{"class":60},[42,160320,46270],{"class":64},[42,160322,3689],{"class":60},[42,160324,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337,160339],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,160326,284],{"class":52},[42,160328,57],{"class":56},[42,160330,2803],{"class":125},[42,160332,70],{"class":56},[42,160334,49752],{"class":834},[42,160336,57],{"class":56},[42,160338,2803],{"class":125},[42,160340,842],{"class":56},[42,160342,160343],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,160344,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,160346,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,160348,2776],{"class":114},[42,160350,88],{"class":87},[42,160352,3957],{"class":56},[42,160354,2659],{"class":2348},[42,160356,3970],{"class":56},[42,160358,160359,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373],{"class":44,"line":6772},[42,160360,284],{"class":52},[42,160362,57],{"class":56},[42,160364,2803],{"class":125},[42,160366,70],{"class":56},[42,160368,49752],{"class":834},[42,160370,57],{"class":56},[42,160372,2803],{"class":125},[42,160374,842],{"class":56},[14,160376,2395],{},[33,160378,160380],{"className":35,"code":160379,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[17,160381,160382,160399,160416],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160383,160384,160386,160389,160391,160393,160395,160397],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160385,2659],{"class":2348},[42,160387,160388],{"class":87}," \u003C",[42,160390,859],{"class":858},[42,160392,862],{"class":60},[42,160394,2513],{"class":64},[42,160396,868],{"class":60},[42,160398,871],{"class":87},[42,160400,160401,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160402,160403],{"class":114},"ten ",[42,160405,855],{"class":87},[42,160407,859],{"class":858},[42,160409,862],{"class":60},[42,160411,3775],{"class":64},[42,160413,868],{"class":60},[42,160415,871],{"class":87},[42,160417,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432,160434],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160419,4238],{"class":56},[42,160421,2659],{"class":2348},[42,160423,13631],{"class":56},[42,160425,160388],{"class":87},[42,160427,859],{"class":858},[42,160429,862],{"class":60},[42,160431,8443],{"class":64},[42,160433,868],{"class":60},[42,160435,871],{"class":87},[14,160437,160438,160440],{},[17,160439,2630],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,160442,160443],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[33,160445,160447],{"className":35,"code":160446,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[17,160448,160449,160467,160481,160485,160499],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160450,160451,160453,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160452,3722],{"class":114},[42,160454,88],{"class":87},[42,160456,8592],{"class":52},[42,160458,57],{"class":56},[42,160460,61],{"class":60},[42,160462,42234],{"class":64},[42,160464,61],{"class":60},[42,160466,143],{"class":56},[42,160468,160469,160471,160473,160475,160477,160479],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160470,284],{"class":52},[42,160472,57],{"class":56},[42,160474,835],{"class":834},[42,160476,57],{"class":56},[42,160478,3749],{"class":125},[42,160480,842],{"class":56},[42,160482,160483],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160484,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,160486,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495,160497],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160488,123095],{"class":114},[42,160490,88],{"class":87},[42,160492,45639],{"class":834},[42,160494,57],{"class":56},[42,160496,3749],{"class":125},[42,160498,143],{"class":56},[42,160500,160501,160503,160505,160507,160509,160511],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,160502,284],{"class":52},[42,160504,57],{"class":56},[42,160506,835],{"class":834},[42,160508,57],{"class":56},[42,160510,123118],{"class":125},[42,160512,842],{"class":56},[14,160514,41483,160515,41487],{},[17,160516,9543],{},[33,160518,160519],{"className":35,"code":125171,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,160520,160521,160535],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160522,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531,160533],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160524,855],{"class":87},[42,160526,859],{"class":858},[42,160528,862],{"class":60},[42,160530,3775],{"class":64},[42,160532,868],{"class":60},[42,160534,871],{"class":87},[42,160536,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160538,855],{"class":87},[42,160540,859],{"class":858},[42,160542,862],{"class":60},[42,160544,2513],{"class":64},[42,160546,868],{"class":60},[42,160548,871],{"class":87},[14,160550,46066,160551,160555,160556,1327,160560,160564],{},[693,160552,160553],{"href":8569},[17,160554,3289],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[693,160557,160558],{"href":3206},[17,160559,3209],{},[693,160561,160562],{"href":3212},[17,160563,3215],{}," if you need a number.",[14,160566,160567,160568,122],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[693,160569,9331],{"href":9330},[28,160571,160573,10937,160575],{"id":160572},"type-vs-isinstance",[17,160574,2630],{},[17,160576,45168],{},[14,160578,160579,1753,160581,160583],{},[17,160580,2630],{},[17,160582,45168],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[167,160585,160586,160591],{},[170,160587,160588,160590],{},[17,160589,2630],{}," tells you the exact type",[170,160592,160593,160595],{},[17,160594,45168],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160597,219],{},[33,160599,160601],{"className":35,"code":160600,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,160602,160603,160611,160615,160629],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160604,160605,160607,160609],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160606,2776],{"class":114},[42,160608,88],{"class":87},[42,160610,35202],{"class":2348},[42,160612,160613],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160614,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,160616,160617,160619,160621,160623,160625,160627],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160618,284],{"class":52},[42,160620,57],{"class":56},[42,160622,835],{"class":834},[42,160624,57],{"class":56},[42,160626,2803],{"class":125},[42,160628,842],{"class":56},[42,160630,160631,160633,160635,160637,160639,160641,160643,160645],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160632,284],{"class":52},[42,160634,57],{"class":56},[42,160636,49237],{"class":52},[42,160638,57],{"class":56},[42,160640,2803],{"class":125},[42,160642,70],{"class":56},[42,160644,45639],{"class":834},[42,160646,842],{"class":56},[14,160648,2395],{},[33,160650,160652],{"className":35,"code":160651,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[17,160653,160654,160668],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160655,160656,160658,160660,160662,160664,160666],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160657,855],{"class":87},[42,160659,859],{"class":858},[42,160661,862],{"class":60},[42,160663,2513],{"class":64},[42,160665,868],{"class":60},[42,160667,871],{"class":87},[42,160669,160670],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160671,4318],{"class":4190},[14,160673,160674,160675,160677],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[17,160676,45168],{}," is more practical.",[33,160679,160681],{"className":35,"code":160680,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[17,160682,160683,160691,160695,160711],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160684,160685,160687,160689],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160686,2776],{"class":114},[42,160688,88],{"class":87},[42,160690,35202],{"class":2348},[42,160692,160693],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160694,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,160696,160697,160699,160701,160703,160705,160707,160709],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160698,7345],{"class":48},[42,160700,49975],{"class":52},[42,160702,57],{"class":56},[42,160704,2803],{"class":125},[42,160706,70],{"class":56},[42,160708,45639],{"class":834},[42,160710,8692],{"class":56},[42,160712,160713,160715,160717,160719,160722,160724],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160714,135],{"class":52},[42,160716,57],{"class":56},[42,160718,61],{"class":60},[42,160720,160721],{"class":64},"This is an integer",[42,160723,61],{"class":60},[42,160725,143],{"class":56},[14,160727,146,160728,160730],{},[17,160729,2630],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160732,146,160733,160735,160736,7520],{},[17,160734,45168],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[17,160737,7345],{},[14,160739,160740,160741,122],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[693,160742,3908,160744,3841],{"href":160743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[17,160745,45168],{},[28,160747,160749,160750],{"id":160748},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[17,160751,2630],{},[14,160753,160754],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[33,160756,160758],{"className":35,"code":160757,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[17,160759,160760],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768,160770,160773,160775,160777],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160763,835],{"class":834},[42,160765,57],{"class":56},[42,160767,8016],{"class":125},[42,160769,70],{"class":56},[42,160771,160772],{"class":125}," bases",[42,160774,70],{"class":56},[42,160776,9521],{"class":834},[42,160778,143],{"class":56},[14,160780,160781],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160783,219],{},[33,160785,160787],{"className":35,"code":160786,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[17,160788,160789,160832,160836,160846],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160790,160791,160794,160796,160798,160800,160802,160805,160807,160809,160812,160814,160816,160819,160821,160823,160825,160828,160830],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160792,160793],{"class":114},"Person ",[42,160795,88],{"class":87},[42,160797,49752],{"class":834},[42,160799,57],{"class":56},[42,160801,61],{"class":60},[42,160803,160804],{"class":64},"Person",[42,160806,61],{"class":60},[42,160808,70],{"class":56},[42,160810,160811],{"class":56}," (),",[42,160813,10842],{"class":56},[42,160815,61],{"class":60},[42,160817,160818],{"class":64},"species",[42,160820,61],{"class":60},[42,160822,1935],{"class":56},[42,160824,73],{"class":60},[42,160826,160827],{"class":64},"human",[42,160829,61],{"class":60},[42,160831,30855],{"class":56},[42,160833,160834],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160835,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,160837,160838,160840,160842,160844],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160839,284],{"class":52},[42,160841,57],{"class":56},[42,160843,160804],{"class":125},[42,160845,143],{"class":56},[42,160847,160848,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160849,284],{"class":52},[42,160851,57],{"class":56},[42,160853,160804],{"class":125},[42,160855,122],{"class":56},[42,160857,160818],{"class":2022},[42,160859,143],{"class":56},[14,160861,2395],{},[33,160863,160865],{"className":35,"code":160864,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[17,160866,160867,160882],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160868,160869,160871,160873,160875,160878,160880],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160870,855],{"class":87},[42,160872,859],{"class":858},[42,160874,862],{"class":60},[42,160876,160877],{"class":64},"__main__.Person",[42,160879,868],{"class":60},[42,160881,871],{"class":87},[42,160883,160884],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160885,160886],{"class":114},"human\n",[14,160888,160889,160890,160892],{},"Most beginners do ",[177,160891,179],{}," need this form.",[14,160894,160895],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[28,160897,5303,160899],{"id":160898},"when-to-use-type",[17,160900,2630],{},[14,160902,160903,12800],{},[17,160904,2630],{},[167,160906,160907,160910,160913,160916],{},[170,160908,160909],{},"debug unexpected values",[170,160911,160912],{},"check what a conversion produced",[170,160914,160915],{},"learn Python data types",[170,160917,160918],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160920,5816],{},[33,160922,160924],{"className":35,"code":160923,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[17,160925,160926,160938,160952,160956,160970],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160927,160928,160930,160932,160934,160936],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160929,35048],{"class":114},[42,160931,88],{"class":87},[42,160933,73],{"class":60},[42,160935,50608],{"class":64},[42,160937,3689],{"class":60},[42,160939,160940,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,160941,2542],{"class":114},[42,160943,88],{"class":87},[42,160945,45639],{"class":834},[42,160947,57],{"class":56},[42,160949,444],{"class":125},[42,160951,143],{"class":56},[42,160953,160954],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,160955,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,160957,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,160959,284],{"class":52},[42,160961,57],{"class":56},[42,160963,835],{"class":834},[42,160965,57],{"class":56},[42,160967,444],{"class":125},[42,160969,842],{"class":56},[42,160971,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980,160982],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,160973,284],{"class":52},[42,160975,57],{"class":56},[42,160977,835],{"class":834},[42,160979,57],{"class":56},[42,160981,2565],{"class":125},[42,160983,842],{"class":56},[14,160985,2395],{},[33,160987,160988],{"className":35,"code":125171,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,160989,160990,161004],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,160991,160992,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,160993,855],{"class":87},[42,160995,859],{"class":858},[42,160997,862],{"class":60},[42,160999,3775],{"class":64},[42,161001,868],{"class":60},[42,161003,871],{"class":87},[42,161005,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161007,855],{"class":87},[42,161009,859],{"class":858},[42,161011,862],{"class":60},[42,161013,2513],{"class":64},[42,161015,868],{"class":60},[42,161017,871],{"class":87},[14,161019,161020],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,161022,161023,161024,2514,161028,17431,161032,161036],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[693,161025,161026],{"href":42538},[17,161027,48045],{},[693,161029,161030],{"href":3206},[17,161031,3209],{},[693,161033,161034],{"href":3212},[17,161035,3215],{}," are often the next step.",[28,161038,25715],{"id":25714},[14,161040,161041,161042,161044],{},"A few things about ",[17,161043,2630],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1073,161046,161048,161051],{"id":161047},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[17,161049,161050],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,161053,65008],{},[33,161055,161057],{"className":35,"code":161056,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(5))\n",[17,161058,161059],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161060,161061,161063,161065,161067,161069,161071],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161062,284],{"class":52},[42,161064,57],{"class":56},[42,161066,835],{"class":834},[42,161068,57],{"class":56},[42,161070,2461],{"class":2348},[42,161072,842],{"class":56},[14,161074,123014],{},[33,161076,161077],{"className":35,"code":156526,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,161078,161079],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161080,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161082,855],{"class":87},[42,161084,859],{"class":858},[42,161086,862],{"class":60},[42,161088,2513],{"class":64},[42,161090,868],{"class":60},[42,161092,871],{"class":87},[14,161094,175,161095,161097,161098,122],{},[177,161096,179],{}," print just ",[17,161099,2513],{},[14,161101,7024,161102,161104],{},[17,161103,2630],{}," returns a class object.",[1073,161106,161108,2726,161110],{"id":161107},"input-returns-str",[17,161109,3289],{},[17,161111,3775],{},[14,161113,79904],{},[33,161115,161117],{"className":35,"code":161116,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[17,161118,161119,161137],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161120,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161122,2776],{"class":114},[42,161124,88],{"class":87},[42,161126,8592],{"class":52},[42,161128,57],{"class":56},[42,161130,61],{"class":60},[42,161132,46673],{"class":64},[42,161134,61],{"class":60},[42,161136,143],{"class":56},[42,161138,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147,161149],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161140,284],{"class":52},[42,161142,57],{"class":56},[42,161144,835],{"class":834},[42,161146,57],{"class":56},[42,161148,2803],{"class":125},[42,161150,842],{"class":56},[14,161152,161153],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,161155,161156,161157,1327,161159,122],{},"If you need a number, use ",[17,161158,3209],{},[17,161160,3215],{},[1073,161162,161164],{"id":161163},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,161166,161167],{},"Avoid code like this:",[33,161169,161171],{"className":35,"code":161170,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[17,161172,161173,161181,161185,161211],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161174,161175,161177,161179],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161176,2776],{"class":114},[42,161178,88],{"class":87},[42,161180,35202],{"class":2348},[42,161182,161183],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161184,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,161186,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207,161209],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,161188,7345],{"class":48},[42,161190,49266],{"class":834},[42,161192,57],{"class":56},[42,161194,835],{"class":834},[42,161196,57],{"class":56},[42,161198,2803],{"class":125},[42,161200,5705],{"class":56},[42,161202,6754],{"class":87},[42,161204,73],{"class":60},[42,161206,159905],{"class":64},[42,161208,61],{"class":60},[42,161210,108],{"class":56},[42,161212,161213,161215,161217,161219,161222,161224],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,161214,135],{"class":52},[42,161216,57],{"class":56},[42,161218,61],{"class":60},[42,161220,161221],{"class":64},"It is an int",[42,161223,61],{"class":60},[42,161225,143],{"class":56},[14,161227,161228],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,161230,161231],{},"Better options:",[33,161233,161235],{"className":35,"code":161234,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[17,161236,161237,161245,161249,161269],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161238,161239,161241,161243],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161240,2776],{"class":114},[42,161242,88],{"class":87},[42,161244,35202],{"class":2348},[42,161246,161247],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161248,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,161250,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,161252,284],{"class":52},[42,161254,57],{"class":56},[42,161256,835],{"class":834},[42,161258,57],{"class":56},[42,161260,2803],{"class":125},[42,161262,98],{"class":56},[42,161264,6754],{"class":87},[42,161266,45639],{"class":834},[42,161268,143],{"class":56},[42,161270,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,161272,284],{"class":52},[42,161274,57],{"class":56},[42,161276,49237],{"class":52},[42,161278,57],{"class":56},[42,161280,2803],{"class":125},[42,161282,70],{"class":56},[42,161284,45639],{"class":834},[42,161286,842],{"class":56},[14,161288,2395],{},[33,161290,161291],{"className":35,"code":4845,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,161292,161293,161297],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161294,161295],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161296,4318],{"class":4190},[42,161298,161299],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161300,4318],{"class":4190},[14,161302,161303,161304,161306],{},"In most real code, ",[17,161305,45168],{}," is the more useful check.",[28,161308,1929],{"id":1928},[14,161310,15090,161311,1935],{},[17,161312,2630],{},[167,161314,161315,161325,161334,161343],{},[170,161316,1940,161317,161319,161320,161324],{},[17,161318,2630],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[693,161321,161322],{"href":8569},[17,161323,3289],{}," always returns a string",[170,161326,8803,161327,161329,161330,11445,161332],{},[17,161328,2630],{}," to return plain text like ",[17,161331,2513],{},[17,161333,159905],{},[170,161335,1940,161336,44992,161339,161342],{},[17,161337,161338],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[17,161340,161341],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[170,161344,161345],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,161347,161348,161349,122],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[693,161350,161352],{"href":161351},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,161354,144680],{},[33,161356,161358],{"className":35,"code":161357,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[17,161359,161360,161374,161384,161398,161408],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161361,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161363,284],{"class":52},[42,161365,57],{"class":56},[42,161367,835],{"class":834},[42,161369,57],{"class":56},[42,161371,2803],{"class":125},[42,161373,842],{"class":56},[42,161375,161376,161378,161380,161382],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161377,284],{"class":52},[42,161379,57],{"class":56},[42,161381,2803],{"class":125},[42,161383,143],{"class":56},[42,161385,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,161387,284],{"class":52},[42,161389,57],{"class":56},[42,161391,42142],{"class":52},[42,161393,57],{"class":56},[42,161395,2803],{"class":125},[42,161397,842],{"class":56},[42,161399,161400,161402,161404,161406],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,161401,32512],{"class":52},[42,161403,57],{"class":56},[42,161405,835],{"class":834},[42,161407,143],{"class":56},[42,161409,161410,161412,161414,161416],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,161411,34733],{"class":52},[42,161413,57],{"class":56},[42,161415,2803],{"class":125},[42,161417,143],{"class":56},[14,161419,161420],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[28,161422,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,161424,5485,161426,5488],{"id":161425},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[17,161427,2630],{},[14,161429,161430,161431,2514,161433,2514,161435,2518,161437,161439,161440,122],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[17,161432,3775],{},[17,161434,2513],{},[17,161436,8443],{},[17,161438,9171],{},", shown as a class object like ",[17,161441,159902],{},[1073,161443,15260,161445,57570,161447,2823],{"id":161444},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[17,161446,2630],{},[17,161448,45168],{},[14,161450,46728,161451,161453,161454,161456],{},[17,161452,2630],{}," shows the exact type. ",[17,161455,45168],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1073,161458,5501,161460,161463,161464,2823],{"id":161459},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[17,161461,161462],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[17,161465,3775],{},[14,161467,29420,161468,161470,161471,1327,161473,160564],{},[17,161469,3289],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[17,161472,3209],{},[17,161474,3215],{},[1073,161476,5513,161478,161480],{"id":161477},"can-type-create-classes",[17,161479,2630],{}," create classes?",[14,161482,161483,161484,122],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[17,161485,161486],{},"type(object)",[28,161488,2205],{"id":2204},[167,161490,161491,161495,161501,161507,161511,161517,161523],{},[170,161492,161493],{},[693,161494,45160],{"href":49340},[170,161496,161497],{},[693,161498,3908,161499,3841],{"href":160743},[17,161500,45168],{},[170,161502,161503],{},[693,161504,3908,161505,3841],{"href":8569},[17,161506,3289],{},[170,161508,161509],{},[693,161510,9408],{"href":9330},[170,161512,161513],{},[693,161514,3908,161515,3841],{"href":3206},[17,161516,3209],{},[170,161518,161519],{},[693,161520,3908,161521,3841],{"href":3212},[17,161522,3215],{},[170,161524,161525],{},[693,161526,3908,161527,3841],{"href":42538},[17,161528,48045],{},[2245,161530,161531],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":161533},[161534,161535,161537,161538,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547,161554,161555,161565],{"id":3941,"depth":111,"text":3942},{"id":159908,"depth":111,"text":161536},"What the type() function does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":121982,"depth":111,"text":121983},{"id":160266,"depth":111,"text":161540},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160572,"depth":111,"text":161542},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160748,"depth":111,"text":161544},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160898,"depth":111,"text":161546},"When to use type()",{"id":25714,"depth":111,"text":25715,"children":161548},[161549,161551,161553],{"id":161047,"depth":132,"text":161550},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161107,"depth":132,"text":161552},"input() returns str",{"id":161163,"depth":132,"text":161164},{"id":1928,"depth":111,"text":1929},{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":161556},[161557,161559,161561,161563],{"id":161425,"depth":132,"text":161558},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161444,"depth":132,"text":161560},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161459,"depth":132,"text":161562},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161477,"depth":132,"text":161564},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159742,"description":161566},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161572,"title":161573,"body":161574,"description":164053,"extension":2285,"meta":164054,"navigation":2287,"path":164055,"seo":164056,"stem":164057,"__hash__":164058},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161575,"toc":164010},[161576,161581,161586,161595,161597,161697,161699,161724,161729,161734,161750,161753,161755,161757,161782,161785,161788,161871,161873,161922,161925,162047,162049,162122,162126,162129,162243,162245,162271,162273,162294,162299,162303,162308,162311,162415,162417,162434,162443,162446,162533,162535,162546,162551,162557,162562,162568,162571,162664,162666,162715,162721,162724,162825,162827,162880,162885,162889,162892,162991,162993,163032,163035,163040,163042,163047,163051,163164,163168,163265,163269,163357,163359,163376,163380,163503,163509,163515,163521,163526,163529,163556,163560,163562,163656,163659,163663,163666,163753,163756,163791,163793,163830,163833,163841,163846,163851,163925,163932,163934,163939,163942,163948,163951,163957,163962,163968,163973,163977,163980,163982,164007],[10,161577,3908,161579,3912],{"id":161578},"python-zip-function-explained",[17,161580,64684],{},[14,161582,161583,161585],{},[17,161584,64684],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161587,161588,161589,161591,161592,161594],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[17,161590,64684],{}," inside a ",[17,161593,6303],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[28,161596,31],{"id":30},[33,161598,161600],{"className":35,"code":161599,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,161601,161602,161634,161654,161658,161683],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161603,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161605,5337],{"class":114},[42,161607,88],{"class":87},[42,161609,3957],{"class":56},[42,161611,61],{"class":60},[42,161613,13237],{"class":64},[42,161615,61],{"class":60},[42,161617,70],{"class":56},[42,161619,73],{"class":60},[42,161621,36300],{"class":64},[42,161623,61],{"class":60},[42,161625,70],{"class":56},[42,161627,73],{"class":60},[42,161629,36309],{"class":64},[42,161631,61],{"class":60},[42,161633,3970],{"class":56},[42,161635,161636,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161637,5406],{"class":114},[42,161639,88],{"class":87},[42,161641,3957],{"class":56},[42,161643,13859],{"class":2348},[42,161645,70],{"class":56},[42,161647,13864],{"class":2348},[42,161649,70],{"class":56},[42,161651,29279],{"class":2348},[42,161653,3970],{"class":56},[42,161655,161656],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,161657,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,161659,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,161661,6303],{"class":48},[42,161663,36351],{"class":114},[42,161665,70],{"class":56},[42,161667,5448],{"class":114},[42,161669,1299],{"class":48},[42,161671,161672],{"class":52}," zip",[42,161674,57],{"class":56},[42,161676,5381],{"class":125},[42,161678,70],{"class":56},[42,161680,5453],{"class":125},[42,161682,8692],{"class":56},[42,161684,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,161686,135],{"class":52},[42,161688,57],{"class":56},[42,161690,8016],{"class":125},[42,161692,70],{"class":56},[42,161694,130960],{"class":125},[42,161696,143],{"class":56},[14,161698,2395],{},[33,161700,161702],{"className":35,"code":161701,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[17,161703,161704,161710,161717],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161705,161706,161708],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161707,133979],{"class":114},[42,161709,33496],{"class":2348},[42,161711,161712,161715],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161713,161714],{"class":114},"Ben ",[42,161716,33501],{"class":2348},[42,161718,161719,161722],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,161720,161721],{"class":114},"Cara ",[42,161723,33506],{"class":2348},[14,161725,146,161726,161728],{},[17,161727,64684],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[28,161730,4013,161732,4016],{"id":161731},"what-zip-does",[17,161733,64684],{},[167,161735,161736,161741,161744,161747],{},[170,161737,161738,161740],{},[17,161739,64684],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[170,161742,161743],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[170,161745,161746],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[170,161748,161749],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161751,161752],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[28,161754,312],{"id":311},[14,161756,7565],{},[33,161758,161760],{"className":35,"code":161759,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[17,161761,161762],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161763,161764,161766,161768,161771,161773,161776,161778,161780],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161765,64754],{"class":52},[42,161767,57],{"class":56},[42,161769,161770],{"class":125},"iterable1",[42,161772,70],{"class":56},[42,161774,161775],{"class":125}," iterable2",[42,161777,70],{"class":56},[42,161779,34814],{"class":52},[42,161781,143],{"class":56},[14,161783,161784],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161786,161787],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[33,161789,161791],{"className":35,"code":161790,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[17,161792,161793,161813,161845,161849],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161794,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161796,3952],{"class":114},[42,161798,88],{"class":87},[42,161800,3957],{"class":56},[42,161802,3320],{"class":2348},[42,161804,70],{"class":56},[42,161806,3325],{"class":2348},[42,161808,70],{"class":56},[42,161810,2781],{"class":2348},[42,161812,3970],{"class":56},[42,161814,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161816,36450],{"class":114},[42,161818,88],{"class":87},[42,161820,3957],{"class":56},[42,161822,61],{"class":60},[42,161824,693],{"class":64},[42,161826,61],{"class":60},[42,161828,70],{"class":56},[42,161830,73],{"class":60},[42,161832,5102],{"class":64},[42,161834,61],{"class":60},[42,161836,70],{"class":56},[42,161838,73],{"class":60},[42,161840,10090],{"class":64},[42,161842,61],{"class":60},[42,161844,3970],{"class":56},[42,161846,161847],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,161848,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,161850,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,161852,284],{"class":52},[42,161854,57],{"class":56},[42,161856,8443],{"class":834},[42,161858,57],{"class":56},[42,161860,64754],{"class":52},[42,161862,57],{"class":56},[42,161864,3984],{"class":125},[42,161866,70],{"class":56},[42,161868,70459],{"class":125},[42,161870,3243],{"class":56},[14,161872,2395],{},[33,161874,161876],{"className":35,"code":161875,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[17,161877,161878],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161879,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161881,22098],{"class":56},[42,161883,3320],{"class":2348},[42,161885,70],{"class":56},[42,161887,862],{"class":60},[42,161889,693],{"class":64},[42,161891,868],{"class":60},[42,161893,9583],{"class":56},[42,161895,9586],{"class":56},[42,161897,2381],{"class":2348},[42,161899,70],{"class":56},[42,161901,862],{"class":60},[42,161903,5102],{"class":64},[42,161905,868],{"class":60},[42,161907,9583],{"class":56},[42,161909,9586],{"class":56},[42,161911,2387],{"class":2348},[42,161913,70],{"class":56},[42,161915,862],{"class":60},[42,161917,10090],{"class":64},[42,161919,868],{"class":60},[42,161921,9599],{"class":56},[14,161923,161924],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[33,161926,161928],{"className":35,"code":161927,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[17,161929,161930,161962,161982,162016,162020],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,161931,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,161933,5337],{"class":114},[42,161935,88],{"class":87},[42,161937,3957],{"class":56},[42,161939,61],{"class":60},[42,161941,13237],{"class":64},[42,161943,61],{"class":60},[42,161945,70],{"class":56},[42,161947,73],{"class":60},[42,161949,36300],{"class":64},[42,161951,61],{"class":60},[42,161953,70],{"class":56},[42,161955,73],{"class":60},[42,161957,36309],{"class":64},[42,161959,61],{"class":60},[42,161961,3970],{"class":56},[42,161963,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,161965,5406],{"class":114},[42,161967,88],{"class":87},[42,161969,3957],{"class":56},[42,161971,13859],{"class":2348},[42,161973,70],{"class":56},[42,161975,13864],{"class":2348},[42,161977,70],{"class":56},[42,161979,29279],{"class":2348},[42,161981,3970],{"class":56},[42,161983,161984,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162012,162014],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,161985,161986],{"class":114},"grades ",[42,161988,88],{"class":87},[42,161990,3957],{"class":56},[42,161992,61],{"class":60},[42,161994,22602],{"class":64},[42,161996,61],{"class":60},[42,161998,70],{"class":56},[42,162000,73],{"class":60},[42,162002,30959],{"class":64},[42,162004,61],{"class":60},[42,162006,70],{"class":56},[42,162008,73],{"class":60},[42,162010,162011],{"class":64},"B+",[42,162013,61],{"class":60},[42,162015,3970],{"class":56},[42,162017,162018],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,162019,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162021,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162045],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,162023,284],{"class":52},[42,162025,57],{"class":56},[42,162027,8443],{"class":834},[42,162029,57],{"class":56},[42,162031,64754],{"class":52},[42,162033,57],{"class":56},[42,162035,5381],{"class":125},[42,162037,70],{"class":56},[42,162039,5453],{"class":125},[42,162041,70],{"class":56},[42,162043,162044],{"class":125}," grades",[42,162046,3243],{"class":56},[14,162048,2395],{},[33,162050,162052],{"className":35,"code":162051,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[17,162053,162054],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162055,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162057,22098],{"class":56},[42,162059,868],{"class":60},[42,162061,13237],{"class":64},[42,162063,868],{"class":60},[42,162065,70],{"class":56},[42,162067,20257],{"class":2348},[42,162069,70],{"class":56},[42,162071,862],{"class":60},[42,162073,22602],{"class":64},[42,162075,868],{"class":60},[42,162077,9583],{"class":56},[42,162079,9586],{"class":56},[42,162081,868],{"class":60},[42,162083,36300],{"class":64},[42,162085,868],{"class":60},[42,162087,70],{"class":56},[42,162089,13864],{"class":2348},[42,162091,70],{"class":56},[42,162093,862],{"class":60},[42,162095,30959],{"class":64},[42,162097,868],{"class":60},[42,162099,9583],{"class":56},[42,162101,9586],{"class":56},[42,162103,868],{"class":60},[42,162105,36309],{"class":64},[42,162107,868],{"class":60},[42,162109,70],{"class":56},[42,162111,29279],{"class":2348},[42,162113,70],{"class":56},[42,162115,862],{"class":60},[42,162117,162011],{"class":64},[42,162119,868],{"class":60},[42,162121,9599],{"class":56},[28,162123,162125],{"id":162124},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,162127,162128],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[33,162130,162132],{"className":35,"code":162131,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[17,162133,162134,162166,162186,162190,162214],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162135,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144,162146,162148,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162137,5337],{"class":114},[42,162139,88],{"class":87},[42,162141,3957],{"class":56},[42,162143,61],{"class":60},[42,162145,13237],{"class":64},[42,162147,61],{"class":60},[42,162149,70],{"class":56},[42,162151,73],{"class":60},[42,162153,36300],{"class":64},[42,162155,61],{"class":60},[42,162157,70],{"class":56},[42,162159,73],{"class":60},[42,162161,36309],{"class":64},[42,162163,61],{"class":60},[42,162165,3970],{"class":56},[42,162167,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162169,5406],{"class":114},[42,162171,88],{"class":87},[42,162173,3957],{"class":56},[42,162175,13859],{"class":2348},[42,162177,70],{"class":56},[42,162179,13864],{"class":2348},[42,162181,70],{"class":56},[42,162183,29279],{"class":2348},[42,162185,3970],{"class":56},[42,162187,162188],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,162189,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162191,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,162193,6303],{"class":48},[42,162195,36351],{"class":114},[42,162197,70],{"class":56},[42,162199,5448],{"class":114},[42,162201,1299],{"class":48},[42,162203,161672],{"class":52},[42,162205,57],{"class":56},[42,162207,5381],{"class":125},[42,162209,70],{"class":56},[42,162211,5453],{"class":125},[42,162213,8692],{"class":56},[42,162215,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162233,162235,162237,162239,162241],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,162217,135],{"class":52},[42,162219,57],{"class":56},[42,162221,22651],{"class":858},[42,162223,61],{"class":64},[42,162225,9628],{"class":2348},[42,162227,8016],{"class":125},[42,162229,22660],{"class":2348},[42,162231,162232],{"class":64}," scored ",[42,162234,9628],{"class":2348},[42,162236,85881],{"class":125},[42,162238,22660],{"class":2348},[42,162240,61],{"class":64},[42,162242,143],{"class":56},[14,162244,2395],{},[33,162246,162248],{"className":35,"code":162247,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[17,162249,162250,162257,162264],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162251,162252,162255],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162253,162254],{"class":114},"Ana scored ",[42,162256,33496],{"class":2348},[42,162258,162259,162262],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162260,162261],{"class":114},"Ben scored ",[42,162263,33501],{"class":2348},[42,162265,162266,162269],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,162267,162268],{"class":114},"Cara scored ",[42,162270,33506],{"class":2348},[14,162272,45293],{},[167,162274,162275,162284,162287],{},[170,162276,162277,162280,162281],{},[17,162278,162279],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[17,162282,162283],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[170,162285,162286],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[170,162288,162289,1753,162291,162293],{},[17,162290,8016],{},[17,162292,85881],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,162295,162296,162297,122],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[693,162298,69976],{"href":69975},[28,162300,162302],{"id":162301},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,162304,162305,162307],{},[17,162306,64684],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162309,162310],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[33,162312,162314],{"className":35,"code":162313,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,162315,162316,162357,162373,162377,162401],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162317,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162353,162355],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162319,5337],{"class":114},[42,162321,88],{"class":87},[42,162323,3957],{"class":56},[42,162325,61],{"class":60},[42,162327,13237],{"class":64},[42,162329,61],{"class":60},[42,162331,70],{"class":56},[42,162333,73],{"class":60},[42,162335,36300],{"class":64},[42,162337,61],{"class":60},[42,162339,70],{"class":56},[42,162341,73],{"class":60},[42,162343,36309],{"class":64},[42,162345,61],{"class":60},[42,162347,70],{"class":56},[42,162349,73],{"class":60},[42,162351,162352],{"class":64},"Dan",[42,162354,61],{"class":60},[42,162356,3970],{"class":56},[42,162358,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162360,5406],{"class":114},[42,162362,88],{"class":87},[42,162364,3957],{"class":56},[42,162366,13859],{"class":2348},[42,162368,70],{"class":56},[42,162370,13864],{"class":2348},[42,162372,3970],{"class":56},[42,162374,162375],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,162376,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162378,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,162380,6303],{"class":48},[42,162382,36351],{"class":114},[42,162384,70],{"class":56},[42,162386,5448],{"class":114},[42,162388,1299],{"class":48},[42,162390,161672],{"class":52},[42,162392,57],{"class":56},[42,162394,5381],{"class":125},[42,162396,70],{"class":56},[42,162398,5453],{"class":125},[42,162400,8692],{"class":56},[42,162402,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,162404,135],{"class":52},[42,162406,57],{"class":56},[42,162408,8016],{"class":125},[42,162410,70],{"class":56},[42,162412,130960],{"class":125},[42,162414,143],{"class":56},[14,162416,2395],{},[33,162418,162420],{"className":35,"code":162419,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[17,162421,162422,162428],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162423,162424,162426],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162425,133979],{"class":114},[42,162427,33496],{"class":2348},[42,162429,162430,162432],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162431,161714],{"class":114},[42,162433,33501],{"class":2348},[14,162435,2614,162436,1753,162439,162442],{},[17,162437,162438],{},"\"Cara\"",[17,162440,162441],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,162444,162445],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[33,162447,162449],{"className":35,"code":162448,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[17,162450,162451,162491,162507,162511],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162452,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162454,5337],{"class":114},[42,162456,88],{"class":87},[42,162458,3957],{"class":56},[42,162460,61],{"class":60},[42,162462,13237],{"class":64},[42,162464,61],{"class":60},[42,162466,70],{"class":56},[42,162468,73],{"class":60},[42,162470,36300],{"class":64},[42,162472,61],{"class":60},[42,162474,70],{"class":56},[42,162476,73],{"class":60},[42,162478,36309],{"class":64},[42,162480,61],{"class":60},[42,162482,70],{"class":56},[42,162484,73],{"class":60},[42,162486,162352],{"class":64},[42,162488,61],{"class":60},[42,162490,3970],{"class":56},[42,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162494,5406],{"class":114},[42,162496,88],{"class":87},[42,162498,3957],{"class":56},[42,162500,13859],{"class":2348},[42,162502,70],{"class":56},[42,162504,13864],{"class":2348},[42,162506,3970],{"class":56},[42,162508,162509],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,162510,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162512,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,162514,284],{"class":52},[42,162516,57],{"class":56},[42,162518,11515],{"class":52},[42,162520,57],{"class":56},[42,162522,5381],{"class":125},[42,162524,9583],{"class":56},[42,162526,38748],{"class":52},[42,162528,57],{"class":56},[42,162530,16747],{"class":125},[42,162532,842],{"class":56},[14,162534,2395],{},[33,162536,162538],{"className":35,"code":162537,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"4 2\n",[17,162539,162540],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162541,162542,162544],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162543,2836],{"class":2348},[42,162545,45952],{"class":2348},[14,162547,162548,162549,122],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[17,162550,64684],{},[28,162552,92208,162554,162556],{"id":162553},"converting-zip-output",[17,162555,64684],{}," output",[14,162558,29420,162559,162561],{},[17,162560,64684],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1073,162563,146,162565],{"id":162564},"use-listzip",[17,162566,162567],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,162569,162570],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[33,162572,162574],{"className":35,"code":162573,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[17,162575,162576,162608,162628,162632,162654],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162577,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162579,5337],{"class":114},[42,162581,88],{"class":87},[42,162583,3957],{"class":56},[42,162585,61],{"class":60},[42,162587,13237],{"class":64},[42,162589,61],{"class":60},[42,162591,70],{"class":56},[42,162593,73],{"class":60},[42,162595,36300],{"class":64},[42,162597,61],{"class":60},[42,162599,70],{"class":56},[42,162601,73],{"class":60},[42,162603,36309],{"class":64},[42,162605,61],{"class":60},[42,162607,3970],{"class":56},[42,162609,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162611,5406],{"class":114},[42,162613,88],{"class":87},[42,162615,3957],{"class":56},[42,162617,13859],{"class":2348},[42,162619,70],{"class":56},[42,162621,13864],{"class":2348},[42,162623,70],{"class":56},[42,162625,29279],{"class":2348},[42,162627,3970],{"class":56},[42,162629,162630],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,162631,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162633,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,162635,9565],{"class":114},[42,162637,88],{"class":87},[42,162639,22917],{"class":834},[42,162641,57],{"class":56},[42,162643,64754],{"class":52},[42,162645,57],{"class":56},[42,162647,5381],{"class":125},[42,162649,70],{"class":56},[42,162651,5453],{"class":125},[42,162653,842],{"class":56},[42,162655,162656,162658,162660,162662],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,162657,284],{"class":52},[42,162659,57],{"class":56},[42,162661,9612],{"class":125},[42,162663,143],{"class":56},[14,162665,2395],{},[33,162667,162669],{"className":35,"code":162668,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[17,162670,162671],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162672,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162674,22098],{"class":56},[42,162676,868],{"class":60},[42,162678,13237],{"class":64},[42,162680,868],{"class":60},[42,162682,70],{"class":56},[42,162684,20257],{"class":2348},[42,162686,9583],{"class":56},[42,162688,9586],{"class":56},[42,162690,868],{"class":60},[42,162692,36300],{"class":64},[42,162694,868],{"class":60},[42,162696,70],{"class":56},[42,162698,13864],{"class":2348},[42,162700,9583],{"class":56},[42,162702,9586],{"class":56},[42,162704,868],{"class":60},[42,162706,36309],{"class":64},[42,162708,868],{"class":60},[42,162710,70],{"class":56},[42,162712,29279],{"class":2348},[42,162714,9599],{"class":56},[1073,162716,146,162718],{"id":162717},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[17,162719,162720],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162722,162723],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[33,162725,162727],{"className":35,"code":162726,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[17,162728,162729,162761,162789,162793,162815],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162730,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162732,17601],{"class":114},[42,162734,88],{"class":87},[42,162736,3957],{"class":56},[42,162738,61],{"class":60},[42,162740,8016],{"class":64},[42,162742,61],{"class":60},[42,162744,70],{"class":56},[42,162746,73],{"class":60},[42,162748,9649],{"class":64},[42,162750,61],{"class":60},[42,162752,70],{"class":56},[42,162754,73],{"class":60},[42,162756,10760],{"class":64},[42,162758,61],{"class":60},[42,162760,3970],{"class":56},[42,162762,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775,162777,162779,162781,162783,162785,162787],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162764,4160],{"class":114},[42,162766,88],{"class":87},[42,162768,3957],{"class":56},[42,162770,61],{"class":60},[42,162772,13237],{"class":64},[42,162774,61],{"class":60},[42,162776,70],{"class":56},[42,162778,9656],{"class":2348},[42,162780,70],{"class":56},[42,162782,73],{"class":60},[42,162784,16389],{"class":64},[42,162786,61],{"class":60},[42,162788,3970],{"class":56},[42,162790,162791],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,162792,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162794,162795,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,162796,13562],{"class":114},[42,162798,88],{"class":87},[42,162800,9521],{"class":834},[42,162802,57],{"class":56},[42,162804,64754],{"class":52},[42,162806,57],{"class":56},[42,162808,17282],{"class":125},[42,162810,70],{"class":56},[42,162812,4223],{"class":125},[42,162814,842],{"class":56},[42,162816,162817,162819,162821,162823],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,162818,284],{"class":52},[42,162820,57],{"class":56},[42,162822,17666],{"class":125},[42,162824,143],{"class":56},[14,162826,2395],{},[33,162828,162830],{"className":35,"code":162829,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[17,162831,162832],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162833,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162835,9628],{"class":56},[42,162837,868],{"class":60},[42,162839,8016],{"class":64},[42,162841,868],{"class":60},[42,162843,1935],{"class":56},[42,162845,862],{"class":60},[42,162847,13237],{"class":64},[42,162849,868],{"class":60},[42,162851,70],{"class":56},[42,162853,862],{"class":60},[42,162855,9649],{"class":64},[42,162857,868],{"class":60},[42,162859,1935],{"class":56},[42,162861,9656],{"class":2348},[42,162863,70],{"class":56},[42,162865,862],{"class":60},[42,162867,10760],{"class":64},[42,162869,868],{"class":60},[42,162871,1935],{"class":56},[42,162873,862],{"class":60},[42,162875,16389],{"class":64},[42,162877,868],{"class":60},[42,162879,9659],{"class":56},[14,162881,162882,162883,122],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[693,162884,31446],{"href":31445},[1073,162886,162888],{"id":162887},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162890,162891],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[33,162893,162895],{"className":35,"code":162894,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[17,162896,162897,162921,162937,162941,162959,162963,162977],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162898,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,162900,5337],{"class":114},[42,162902,88],{"class":87},[42,162904,3957],{"class":56},[42,162906,61],{"class":60},[42,162908,13237],{"class":64},[42,162910,61],{"class":60},[42,162912,70],{"class":56},[42,162914,73],{"class":60},[42,162916,36300],{"class":64},[42,162918,61],{"class":60},[42,162920,3970],{"class":56},[42,162922,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,162924,5406],{"class":114},[42,162926,88],{"class":87},[42,162928,3957],{"class":56},[42,162930,13859],{"class":2348},[42,162932,70],{"class":56},[42,162934,13864],{"class":2348},[42,162936,3970],{"class":56},[42,162938,162939],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,162940,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162942,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,162944,9565],{"class":114},[42,162946,88],{"class":87},[42,162948,161672],{"class":52},[42,162950,57],{"class":56},[42,162952,5381],{"class":125},[42,162954,70],{"class":56},[42,162956,5453],{"class":125},[42,162958,143],{"class":56},[42,162960,162961],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,162962,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,162966,284],{"class":52},[42,162968,57],{"class":56},[42,162970,8443],{"class":834},[42,162972,57],{"class":56},[42,162974,9612],{"class":125},[42,162976,842],{"class":56},[42,162978,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,162980,284],{"class":52},[42,162982,57],{"class":56},[42,162984,8443],{"class":834},[42,162986,57],{"class":56},[42,162988,9612],{"class":125},[42,162990,842],{"class":56},[14,162992,2395],{},[33,162994,162996],{"className":35,"code":162995,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[17,162997,162998,163028],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,162999,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163001,22098],{"class":56},[42,163003,868],{"class":60},[42,163005,13237],{"class":64},[42,163007,868],{"class":60},[42,163009,70],{"class":56},[42,163011,20257],{"class":2348},[42,163013,9583],{"class":56},[42,163015,9586],{"class":56},[42,163017,868],{"class":60},[42,163019,36300],{"class":64},[42,163021,868],{"class":60},[42,163023,70],{"class":56},[42,163025,13864],{"class":2348},[42,163027,9599],{"class":56},[42,163029,163030],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163031,38659],{"class":56},[14,163033,163034],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,163036,163037,163038,122],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[693,163039,5479],{"href":5931},[28,163041,41408],{"id":41407},[14,163043,163044,163045,122],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[17,163046,64684],{},[1073,163048,163050],{"id":163049},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[33,163052,163054],{"className":35,"code":163053,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[17,163055,163056,163088,163108,163112,163136],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163057,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163059,5337],{"class":114},[42,163061,88],{"class":87},[42,163063,3957],{"class":56},[42,163065,61],{"class":60},[42,163067,13237],{"class":64},[42,163069,61],{"class":60},[42,163071,70],{"class":56},[42,163073,73],{"class":60},[42,163075,36300],{"class":64},[42,163077,61],{"class":60},[42,163079,70],{"class":56},[42,163081,73],{"class":60},[42,163083,36309],{"class":64},[42,163085,61],{"class":60},[42,163087,3970],{"class":56},[42,163089,163090,163092,163094,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163091,5406],{"class":114},[42,163093,88],{"class":87},[42,163095,3957],{"class":56},[42,163097,13859],{"class":2348},[42,163099,70],{"class":56},[42,163101,13864],{"class":2348},[42,163103,70],{"class":56},[42,163105,29279],{"class":2348},[42,163107,3970],{"class":56},[42,163109,163110],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163111,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163113,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,163115,6303],{"class":48},[42,163117,36351],{"class":114},[42,163119,70],{"class":56},[42,163121,5448],{"class":114},[42,163123,1299],{"class":48},[42,163125,161672],{"class":52},[42,163127,57],{"class":56},[42,163129,5381],{"class":125},[42,163131,70],{"class":56},[42,163133,5453],{"class":125},[42,163135,8692],{"class":56},[42,163137,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,163139,135],{"class":52},[42,163141,57],{"class":56},[42,163143,22651],{"class":858},[42,163145,61],{"class":64},[42,163147,9628],{"class":2348},[42,163149,8016],{"class":125},[42,163151,22660],{"class":2348},[42,163153,22663],{"class":64},[42,163155,9628],{"class":2348},[42,163157,85881],{"class":125},[42,163159,22660],{"class":2348},[42,163161,61],{"class":64},[42,163163,143],{"class":56},[1073,163165,163167],{"id":163166},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[33,163169,163171],{"className":35,"code":163170,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[17,163172,163173,163205,163229,163233,163255],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163174,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193,163195,163197,163199,163201,163203],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163176,17601],{"class":114},[42,163178,88],{"class":87},[42,163180,3957],{"class":56},[42,163182,61],{"class":60},[42,163184,13005],{"class":64},[42,163186,61],{"class":60},[42,163188,70],{"class":56},[42,163190,73],{"class":60},[42,163192,8016],{"class":64},[42,163194,61],{"class":60},[42,163196,70],{"class":56},[42,163198,73],{"class":60},[42,163200,16179],{"class":64},[42,163202,61],{"class":60},[42,163204,3970],{"class":56},[42,163206,163207,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163208,4160],{"class":114},[42,163210,88],{"class":87},[42,163212,3957],{"class":56},[42,163214,46955],{"class":2348},[42,163216,70],{"class":56},[42,163218,73],{"class":60},[42,163220,13237],{"class":64},[42,163222,61],{"class":60},[42,163224,70],{"class":56},[42,163226,4254],{"class":4190},[42,163228,3970],{"class":56},[42,163230,163231],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163232,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163234,163235,163237,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,163236,9516],{"class":114},[42,163238,88],{"class":87},[42,163240,9521],{"class":834},[42,163242,57],{"class":56},[42,163244,64754],{"class":52},[42,163246,57],{"class":56},[42,163248,17282],{"class":125},[42,163250,70],{"class":56},[42,163252,4223],{"class":125},[42,163254,842],{"class":56},[42,163256,163257,163259,163261,163263],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,163258,284],{"class":52},[42,163260,57],{"class":56},[42,163262,9554],{"class":125},[42,163264,143],{"class":56},[1073,163266,163268],{"id":163267},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[33,163270,163272],{"className":35,"code":163271,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[17,163273,163274,163294,163314,163318,163343],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163275,163276,163278,163280,163282,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163277,81020],{"class":114},[42,163279,88],{"class":87},[42,163281,3957],{"class":56},[42,163283,2659],{"class":2348},[42,163285,70],{"class":56},[42,163287,8139],{"class":2348},[42,163289,70],{"class":56},[42,163291,8144],{"class":2348},[42,163293,3970],{"class":56},[42,163295,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163297,81041],{"class":114},[42,163299,88],{"class":87},[42,163301,3957],{"class":56},[42,163303,2659],{"class":2348},[42,163305,70],{"class":56},[42,163307,9656],{"class":2348},[42,163309,70],{"class":56},[42,163311,8144],{"class":2348},[42,163313,3970],{"class":56},[42,163315,163316],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163317,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163329,163331,163333,163335,163337,163339,163341],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,163321,6303],{"class":48},[42,163323,57252],{"class":114},[42,163325,70],{"class":56},[42,163327,163328],{"class":114}," b ",[42,163330,1299],{"class":48},[42,163332,161672],{"class":52},[42,163334,57],{"class":56},[42,163336,111847],{"class":125},[42,163338,70],{"class":56},[42,163340,81084],{"class":125},[42,163342,8692],{"class":56},[42,163344,163345,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,163346,135],{"class":52},[42,163348,57],{"class":56},[42,163350,2886],{"class":125},[42,163352,5029],{"class":87},[42,163354,2891],{"class":125},[42,163356,143],{"class":56},[14,163358,2395],{},[33,163360,163362],{"className":35,"code":163361,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[17,163363,163364,163368,163372],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163365,163366],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163367,4318],{"class":4190},[42,163369,163370],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163371,4379],{"class":4190},[42,163373,163374],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163375,4318],{"class":4190},[1073,163377,163379],{"id":163378},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[33,163381,163383],{"className":35,"code":163382,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[17,163384,163385,163420,163443,163447,163474],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163386,163387,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163407,163409,163411,163413,163416,163418],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163388,163389],{"class":114},"products ",[42,163391,88],{"class":87},[42,163393,3957],{"class":56},[42,163395,61],{"class":60},[42,163397,25498],{"class":64},[42,163399,61],{"class":60},[42,163401,70],{"class":56},[42,163403,73],{"class":60},[42,163405,163406],{"class":64},"Pen",[42,163408,61],{"class":60},[42,163410,70],{"class":56},[42,163412,73],{"class":60},[42,163414,163415],{"class":64},"Bag",[42,163417,61],{"class":60},[42,163419,3970],{"class":56},[42,163421,163422,163424,163426,163428,163431,163433,163436,163438,163441],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163423,83410],{"class":114},[42,163425,88],{"class":87},[42,163427,3957],{"class":56},[42,163429,163430],{"class":2348},"12.5",[42,163432,70],{"class":56},[42,163434,163435],{"class":2348}," 1.2",[42,163437,70],{"class":56},[42,163439,163440],{"class":2348}," 25.0",[42,163442,3970],{"class":56},[42,163444,163445],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163446,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163448,163449,163451,163453,163455,163458,163460,163462,163464,163467,163469,163472],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,163450,6303],{"class":48},[42,163452,25559],{"class":114},[42,163454,70],{"class":56},[42,163456,163457],{"class":114}," price ",[42,163459,1299],{"class":48},[42,163461,161672],{"class":52},[42,163463,57],{"class":56},[42,163465,163466],{"class":125},"products",[42,163468,70],{"class":56},[42,163470,163471],{"class":125}," prices",[42,163473,8692],{"class":56},[42,163475,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,163477,135],{"class":52},[42,163479,57],{"class":56},[42,163481,22651],{"class":858},[42,163483,61],{"class":64},[42,163485,9628],{"class":2348},[42,163487,27367],{"class":125},[42,163489,22660],{"class":2348},[42,163491,163492],{"class":64}," costs $",[42,163494,9628],{"class":2348},[42,163496,25507],{"class":125},[42,163498,22660],{"class":2348},[42,163500,61],{"class":64},[42,163502,143],{"class":56},[14,163504,36962,163505,122],{},[693,163506,163508],{"href":163507},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[28,163510,163512,163513],{"id":163511},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[17,163514,64684],{},[1073,163516,8803,163518,163520],{"id":163517},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[17,163519,64684],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,163522,163523,163525],{},[17,163524,64684],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,163527,163528],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[33,163530,163532],{"className":35,"code":163531,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[17,163533,163534],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163535,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163537,284],{"class":52},[42,163539,57],{"class":56},[42,163541,11515],{"class":52},[42,163543,57],{"class":56},[42,163545,111847],{"class":125},[42,163547,9583],{"class":56},[42,163549,38748],{"class":52},[42,163551,57],{"class":56},[42,163553,81307],{"class":125},[42,163555,842],{"class":56},[1073,163557,163559],{"id":163558},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,163561,69200],{},[33,163563,163565],{"className":35,"code":163564,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[17,163566,163567,163603,163607,163620,163630,163634,163646],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163568,163569,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163570,9565],{"class":114},[42,163572,88],{"class":87},[42,163574,161672],{"class":52},[42,163576,3317],{"class":56},[42,163578,3320],{"class":2348},[42,163580,70],{"class":56},[42,163582,3325],{"class":2348},[42,163584,18421],{"class":56},[42,163586,3957],{"class":56},[42,163588,61],{"class":60},[42,163590,693],{"class":64},[42,163592,61],{"class":60},[42,163594,70],{"class":56},[42,163596,73],{"class":60},[42,163598,5102],{"class":64},[42,163600,61],{"class":60},[42,163602,4226],{"class":56},[42,163604,163605],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163606,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163608,163609,163611,163613,163615,163618],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163610,6303],{"class":48},[42,163612,6306],{"class":114},[42,163614,1299],{"class":48},[42,163616,163617],{"class":114}," pairs",[42,163619,108],{"class":56},[42,163621,163622,163624,163626,163628],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,163623,135],{"class":52},[42,163625,57],{"class":56},[42,163627,23668],{"class":125},[42,163629,143],{"class":56},[42,163631,163632],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,163633,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163635,163636,163638,163640,163642,163644],{"class":44,"line":3734},[42,163637,6303],{"class":48},[42,163639,6306],{"class":114},[42,163641,1299],{"class":48},[42,163643,163617],{"class":114},[42,163645,108],{"class":56},[42,163647,163648,163650,163652,163654],{"class":44,"line":6761},[42,163649,135],{"class":52},[42,163651,57],{"class":56},[42,163653,23668],{"class":125},[42,163655,143],{"class":56},[14,163657,163658],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1073,163660,163662],{"id":163661},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163664,163665],{},"This is correct:",[33,163667,163669],{"className":35,"code":163668,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[17,163670,163671,163695,163711,163715,163739],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163672,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163674,5337],{"class":114},[42,163676,88],{"class":87},[42,163678,3957],{"class":56},[42,163680,61],{"class":60},[42,163682,13237],{"class":64},[42,163684,61],{"class":60},[42,163686,70],{"class":56},[42,163688,73],{"class":60},[42,163690,36300],{"class":64},[42,163692,61],{"class":60},[42,163694,3970],{"class":56},[42,163696,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163698,5406],{"class":114},[42,163700,88],{"class":87},[42,163702,3957],{"class":56},[42,163704,13859],{"class":2348},[42,163706,70],{"class":56},[42,163708,13864],{"class":2348},[42,163710,3970],{"class":56},[42,163712,163713],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163714,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163716,163717,163719,163721,163723,163725,163727,163729,163731,163733,163735,163737],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,163718,6303],{"class":48},[42,163720,36351],{"class":114},[42,163722,70],{"class":56},[42,163724,5448],{"class":114},[42,163726,1299],{"class":48},[42,163728,161672],{"class":52},[42,163730,57],{"class":56},[42,163732,5381],{"class":125},[42,163734,70],{"class":56},[42,163736,5453],{"class":125},[42,163738,8692],{"class":56},[42,163740,163741,163743,163745,163747,163749,163751],{"class":44,"line":2585},[42,163742,135],{"class":52},[42,163744,57],{"class":56},[42,163746,8016],{"class":125},[42,163748,70],{"class":56},[42,163750,130960],{"class":125},[42,163752,143],{"class":56},[14,163754,163755],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[33,163757,163759],{"className":35,"code":163758,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[17,163760,163761,163781],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163762,163763,163765,163767,163769,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163764,6303],{"class":48},[42,163766,6306],{"class":114},[42,163768,1299],{"class":48},[42,163770,161672],{"class":52},[42,163772,57],{"class":56},[42,163774,5381],{"class":125},[42,163776,70],{"class":56},[42,163778,5453],{"class":125},[42,163780,8692],{"class":56},[42,163782,163783,163785,163787,163789],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163784,135],{"class":52},[42,163786,57],{"class":56},[42,163788,23668],{"class":125},[42,163790,143],{"class":56},[14,163792,2395],{},[33,163794,163796],{"className":35,"code":163795,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[17,163797,163798,163814],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163799,163800,163802,163804,163806,163808,163810,163812],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163801,57],{"class":56},[42,163803,868],{"class":60},[42,163805,13237],{"class":64},[42,163807,868],{"class":60},[42,163809,70],{"class":56},[42,163811,20257],{"class":2348},[42,163813,143],{"class":56},[42,163815,163816,163818,163820,163822,163824,163826,163828],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163817,57],{"class":56},[42,163819,868],{"class":60},[42,163821,36300],{"class":64},[42,163823,868],{"class":60},[42,163825,70],{"class":56},[42,163827,13864],{"class":2348},[42,163829,143],{"class":56},[14,163831,163832],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1073,163834,1940,163836,163838,163839],{"id":163835},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[17,163837,64684],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[17,163840,36108],{},[14,163842,146,163843,163845],{},[17,163844,64684],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163847,146,163848,163850],{},[17,163849,36108],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[33,163852,163853],{"className":35,"code":36277,"language":37,"meta":38,"style":38},[17,163854,163855,163887,163891,163911],{"__ignoreMap":38},[42,163856,163857,163859,163861,163863,163865,163867,163869,163871,163873,163875,163877,163879,163881,163883,163885],{"class":44,"line":45},[42,163858,5337],{"class":114},[42,163860,88],{"class":87},[42,163862,3957],{"class":56},[42,163864,61],{"class":60},[42,163866,13237],{"class":64},[42,163868,61],{"class":60},[42,163870,70],{"class":56},[42,163872,73],{"class":60},[42,163874,36300],{"class":64},[42,163876,61],{"class":60},[42,163878,70],{"class":56},[42,163880,73],{"class":60},[42,163882,36309],{"class":64},[42,163884,61],{"class":60},[42,163886,3970],{"class":56},[42,163888,163889],{"class":44,"line":111},[42,163890,2572],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2287},[42,163892,163893,163895,163897,163899,163901,163903,163905,163907,163909],{"class":44,"line":132},[42,163894,6303],{"class":48},[42,163896,36180],{"class":114},[42,163898,70],{"class":56},[42,163900,36328],{"class":114},[42,163902,1299],{"class":48},[42,163904,36190],{"class":52},[42,163906,57],{"class":56},[42,163908,5381],{"class":125},[42,163910,8692],{"class":56},[42,163912,163913,163915,163917,163919,163921,163923],{"class":44,"line":293},[42,163914,135],{"class":52},[42,163916,57],{"class":56},[42,163918,36205],{"class":125},[42,163920,70],{"class":56},[42,163922,36351],{"class":125},[42,163924,143],{"class":56},[14,163926,163927,163928,122],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[693,163929,3908,163930,3841],{"href":92120},[17,163931,36108],{},[28,163933,2150],{"id":2149},[1073,163935,5485,163937,5488],{"id":163936},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[17,163938,64684],{},[14,163940,163941],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1073,163943,13060,163945,163947],{"id":163944},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[17,163946,64684],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163949,163950],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1073,163952,163954,163955,2823],{"id":163953},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[17,163956,64684],{},[14,163958,163959,163960,122],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[17,163961,162567],{},[1073,163963,163965,163966,2823],{"id":163964},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[17,163967,64684],{},[14,163969,128325,163970,163972],{},[17,163971,162720],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1073,163974,163976],{"id":163975},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163978,163979],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[28,163981,2205],{"id":2204},[167,163983,163984,163989,163995,163999,164003],{},[170,163985,163986],{},[693,163987,163988],{"href":163507},"How to use zip in Python",[170,163990,163991],{},[693,163992,3908,163993,3841],{"href":92120},[17,163994,36108],{},[170,163996,163997],{},[693,163998,5559],{"href":5931},[170,164000,164001],{},[693,164002,70052],{"href":69975},[170,164004,164005],{},[693,164006,32620],{"href":31445},[2245,164008,164009],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":38,"searchDepth":111,"depth":111,"links":164011},[164012,164013,164015,164016,164017,164018,164026,164032,164041,164052],{"id":30,"depth":111,"text":31},{"id":161731,"depth":111,"text":164014},"What zip() does",{"id":311,"depth":111,"text":312},{"id":162124,"depth":111,"text":162125},{"id":162301,"depth":111,"text":162302},{"id":162553,"depth":111,"text":164019,"children":164020},"Converting zip() output",[164021,164023,164025],{"id":162564,"depth":132,"text":164022},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162717,"depth":132,"text":164024},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162887,"depth":132,"text":162888},{"id":41407,"depth":111,"text":41408,"children":164027},[164028,164029,164030,164031],{"id":163049,"depth":132,"text":163050},{"id":163166,"depth":132,"text":163167},{"id":163267,"depth":132,"text":163268},{"id":163378,"depth":132,"text":163379},{"id":163511,"depth":111,"text":164033,"children":164034},"Common mistakes with zip()",[164035,164037,164038,164039],{"id":163517,"depth":132,"text":164036},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163558,"depth":132,"text":163559},{"id":163661,"depth":132,"text":163662},{"id":163835,"depth":132,"text":164040},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2149,"depth":111,"text":2150,"children":164042},[164043,164045,164047,164049,164051],{"id":163936,"depth":132,"text":164044},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163944,"depth":132,"text":164046},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163953,"depth":132,"text":164048},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163964,"depth":132,"text":164050},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163975,"depth":132,"text":163976},{"id":2204,"depth":111,"text":2205},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161573,"description":164053},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944965564]