[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163882},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2173},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2166,"extension":2167,"meta":2168,"navigation":87,"path":2169,"seo":2170,"stem":2171,"__hash__":2172},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2113},"minimark",[9,19,26,32,37,142,145,165,171,178,183,186,202,205,252,254,273,287,291,294,320,323,334,336,401,403,433,436,440,446,451,454,488,492,495,521,525,551,555,590,598,602,607,610,679,681,705,711,714,745,748,780,799,803,808,834,842,848,854,857,861,899,901,910,914,1006,1008,1042,1047,1054,1059,1068,1071,1105,1107,1121,1125,1168,1170,1179,1183,1233,1235,1249,1254,1265,1273,1279,1281,1318,1320,1336,1339,1362,1368,1397,1410,1416,1422,1436,1438,1529,1531,1585,1592,1596,1601,1605,1608,1623,1629,1632,1651,1658,1661,1676,1678,1696,1702,1708,1738,1741,1764,1767,1797,1804,1811,1820,1843,1848,1856,1859,1879,1883,1889,1941,1944,1966,1970,1977,1986,1993,1999,2010,2016,2020,2023,2046,2052,2060,2072,2076,2109],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-print-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"print()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,17],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,27,28,29,31],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,30,17],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"quick-example","Quick example",[38,39,44],"pre",{"className":40,"code":41,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n","python","",[15,45,46,70,82,89,107,119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48,51,55,59,63,67],"span",{"class":49,"line":50},"line",1,[47,52,54],{"class":53},"su5hD","name ",[47,56,58],{"class":57},"smGrS","=",[47,60,62],{"class":61},"sjJ54"," \"",[47,64,66],{"class":65},"s_sjI","Mia",[47,68,69],{"class":61},"\"\n",[47,71,73,76,78],{"class":49,"line":72},2,[47,74,75],{"class":53},"age ",[47,77,58],{"class":57},[47,79,81],{"class":80},"srdBf"," 12\n",[47,83,85],{"class":49,"line":84},3,[47,86,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},true,"\n",[47,90,92,96,100,104],{"class":49,"line":91},4,[47,93,95],{"class":94},"sptTA","print",[47,97,99],{"class":98},"sP7_E","(",[47,101,103],{"class":102},"slqww","name",[47,105,106],{"class":98},")\n",[47,108,110,112,114,117],{"class":49,"line":109},5,[47,111,95],{"class":94},[47,113,99],{"class":98},[47,115,116],{"class":102},"age",[47,118,106],{"class":98},[47,120,122,124,126,129,132,134,137,140],{"class":49,"line":121},6,[47,123,95],{"class":94},[47,125,99],{"class":98},[47,127,128],{"class":61},"\"",[47,130,131],{"class":65},"Hello",[47,133,128],{"class":61},[47,135,136],{"class":98},",",[47,138,139],{"class":102}," name",[47,141,106],{"class":98},[20,143,144],{},"Output:",[38,146,148],{"className":40,"code":147,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,149,150,155,160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151,152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153,154],{"class":53},"Mia\n",[47,156,157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158,159],{"class":80},"12\n",[47,161,162],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163,164],{"class":53},"Hello Mia\n",[20,166,167,168,170],{},"Use ",[15,169,17],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[33,172,174,175,177],{"id":173},"what-print-does","What ",[15,176,17],{}," does",[20,179,180,182],{},[15,181,17],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,184,185],{},"You can use it to display:",[187,188,189,193,196,199],"ul",{},[190,191,192],"li",{},"text",[190,194,195],{},"numbers",[190,197,198],{},"variables",[190,200,201],{},"expressions",[20,203,204],{},"Example:",[38,206,208],{"className":40,"code":207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,209,210,224,235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,211,212,214,216,218,220,222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,213,95],{"class":94},[47,215,99],{"class":98},[47,217,128],{"class":61},[47,219,131],{"class":65},[47,221,128],{"class":61},[47,223,106],{"class":98},[47,225,226,228,230,233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,227,95],{"class":94},[47,229,99],{"class":98},[47,231,232],{"class":80},"5",[47,234,106],{"class":98},[47,236,237,239,241,244,247,250],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,238,95],{"class":94},[47,240,99],{"class":98},[47,242,243],{"class":80},"2",[47,245,246],{"class":57}," +",[47,248,249],{"class":80}," 3",[47,251,106],{"class":98},[20,253,144],{},[38,255,257],{"className":40,"code":256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,258,259,264,269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,260,261],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,262,263],{"class":53},"Hello\n",[47,265,266],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,267,268],{"class":80},"5\n",[47,270,271],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,272,268],{"class":80},[20,274,275,276,278,279,286],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,277,17],{}," ",[280,281,282,283],"strong",{},"returns ",[15,284,285],{},"None",". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[33,288,290],{"id":289},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,292,293],{},"The basic form is:",[38,295,297],{"className":40,"code":296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,298,299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,300,301,303,305,308,310,313,315,318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,302,95],{"class":94},[47,304,99],{"class":98},[47,306,307],{"class":102},"object1",[47,309,136],{"class":98},[47,311,312],{"class":102}," object2",[47,314,136],{"class":98},[47,316,317],{"class":94}," ...",[47,319,106],{"class":98},[20,321,322],{},"You can pass:",[187,324,325,328,331],{},[190,326,327],{},"one value",[190,329,330],{},"many values",[190,332,333],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,335,204],{},[38,337,339],{"className":40,"code":338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,340,341,356,376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,342,343,345,347,349,352,354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,344,95],{"class":94},[47,346,99],{"class":98},[47,348,128],{"class":61},[47,350,351],{"class":65},"Apple",[47,353,128],{"class":61},[47,355,106],{"class":98},[47,357,358,360,362,364,367,369,371,374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,359,95],{"class":94},[47,361,99],{"class":98},[47,363,128],{"class":61},[47,365,366],{"class":65},"Score:",[47,368,128],{"class":61},[47,370,136],{"class":98},[47,372,373],{"class":80}," 10",[47,375,106],{"class":98},[47,377,378,380,382,384,387,389,391,394,396,399],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,379,95],{"class":94},[47,381,99],{"class":98},[47,383,128],{"class":61},[47,385,386],{"class":65},"Total:",[47,388,128],{"class":61},[47,390,136],{"class":98},[47,392,393],{"class":80}," 4",[47,395,246],{"class":57},[47,397,398],{"class":80}," 6",[47,400,106],{"class":98},[20,402,144],{},[38,404,406],{"className":40,"code":405,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,407,408,413,424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,409,410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,411,412],{"class":53},"Apple\n",[47,414,415,418,421],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,416,417],{"class":53},"Score",[47,419,420],{"class":98},":",[47,422,423],{"class":80}," 10\n",[47,425,426,429,431],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,427,428],{"class":53},"Total",[47,430,420],{"class":98},[47,432,423],{"class":80},[20,434,435],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[33,437,439],{"id":438},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,441,442,443,445],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,444,17],{},".",[447,448,450],"h3",{"id":449},"print-text","Print text",[20,452,453],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[38,455,457],{"className":40,"code":456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,458,459,473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,460,461,463,465,467,469,471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,462,95],{"class":94},[47,464,99],{"class":98},[47,466,128],{"class":61},[47,468,131],{"class":65},[47,470,128],{"class":61},[47,472,106],{"class":98},[47,474,475,477,479,481,484,486],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,476,95],{"class":94},[47,478,99],{"class":98},[47,480,128],{"class":61},[47,482,483],{"class":65},"Python is fun",[47,485,128],{"class":61},[47,487,106],{"class":98},[447,489,491],{"id":490},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,493,494],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[38,496,498],{"className":40,"code":497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,499,500,510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,501,502,504,506,508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,503,95],{"class":94},[47,505,99],{"class":98},[47,507,232],{"class":80},[47,509,106],{"class":98},[47,511,512,514,516,519],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,513,95],{"class":94},[47,515,99],{"class":98},[47,517,518],{"class":80},"3.14",[47,520,106],{"class":98},[447,522,524],{"id":523},"print-variables","Print variables",[38,526,528],{"className":40,"code":527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,529,530,540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,531,532,535,537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,533,534],{"class":53},"score ",[47,536,58],{"class":57},[47,538,539],{"class":80}," 99\n",[47,541,542,544,546,549],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,543,95],{"class":94},[47,545,99],{"class":98},[47,547,548],{"class":102},"score",[47,550,106],{"class":98},[447,552,554],{"id":553},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[38,556,558],{"className":40,"code":557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,559,560,574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,561,562,564,566,568,570,572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,563,95],{"class":94},[47,565,99],{"class":98},[47,567,243],{"class":80},[47,569,246],{"class":57},[47,571,249],{"class":80},[47,573,106],{"class":98},[47,575,576,578,580,583,586,588],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,577,95],{"class":94},[47,579,99],{"class":98},[47,581,582],{"class":80},"10",[47,584,585],{"class":57}," *",[47,587,393],{"class":80},[47,589,106],{"class":98},[20,591,592,593,445],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[594,595,597],"a",{"href":596},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[33,599,601],{"id":600},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,603,604,606],{},[15,605,17],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,608,609],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[38,611,613],{"className":40,"code":612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,614,615,628,636,640,659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,616,617,619,621,623,626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,618,54],{"class":53},[47,620,58],{"class":57},[47,622,62],{"class":61},[47,624,625],{"class":65},"Ava",[47,627,69],{"class":61},[47,629,630,632,634],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,631,75],{"class":53},[47,633,58],{"class":57},[47,635,423],{"class":80},[47,637,638],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,639,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,641,642,644,646,648,651,653,655,657],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,643,95],{"class":94},[47,645,99],{"class":98},[47,647,128],{"class":61},[47,649,650],{"class":65},"Name:",[47,652,128],{"class":61},[47,654,136],{"class":98},[47,656,139],{"class":102},[47,658,106],{"class":98},[47,660,661,663,665,667,670,672,674,677],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,662,95],{"class":94},[47,664,99],{"class":98},[47,666,128],{"class":61},[47,668,669],{"class":65},"Age:",[47,671,128],{"class":61},[47,673,136],{"class":98},[47,675,676],{"class":102}," age",[47,678,106],{"class":98},[20,680,144],{},[38,682,684],{"className":40,"code":683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,685,686,696],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,687,688,691,693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,689,690],{"class":53},"Name",[47,692,420],{"class":98},[47,694,695],{"class":53}," Ava\n",[47,697,698,701,703],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,699,700],{"class":53},"Age",[47,702,420],{"class":98},[47,704,423],{"class":80},[20,706,707,708,445],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,709,710],{},"+",[20,712,713],{},"For example, this works:",[38,715,717],{"className":40,"code":716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,718,719,727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,720,721,723,725],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,722,75],{"class":53},[47,724,58],{"class":57},[47,726,423],{"class":80},[47,728,729,731,733,735,737,739,741,743],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,730,95],{"class":94},[47,732,99],{"class":98},[47,734,128],{"class":61},[47,736,669],{"class":65},[47,738,128],{"class":61},[47,740,136],{"class":98},[47,742,676],{"class":102},[47,744,106],{"class":98},[20,746,747],{},"But this causes an error:",[38,749,751],{"className":40,"code":750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,752,753,761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,754,755,757,759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,756,75],{"class":53},[47,758,58],{"class":57},[47,760,423],{"class":80},[47,762,763,765,767,769,772,774,776,778],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,764,95],{"class":94},[47,766,99],{"class":98},[47,768,128],{"class":61},[47,770,771],{"class":65},"Age: ",[47,773,128],{"class":61},[47,775,246],{"class":57},[47,777,676],{"class":102},[47,779,106],{"class":98},[20,781,782,783,786,787,789,790,792,793,445],{},"That fails because ",[15,784,785],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,788,116],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,791,710],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[594,794,796],{"href":795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[15,797,798],{},"str()",[33,800,802],{"id":801},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,804,805,807],{},[15,806,17],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[187,809,810,816,822,828],{},[190,811,812,815],{},[15,813,814],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[190,817,818,821],{},[15,819,820],{},"end"," controls what is added after the output",[190,823,824,827],{},[15,825,826],{},"file"," sends output to a file-like object",[190,829,830,833],{},[15,831,832],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,835,836,837,839,840,445],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,838,814],{}," and ",[15,841,820],{},[33,843,845,847],{"id":844},"sep-argument",[15,846,814],{}," argument",[20,849,850,851,853],{},"The ",[15,852,814],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,855,856],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[447,858,860],{"id":859},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[38,862,864],{"className":40,"code":863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,865,866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,867,868,870,872,874,877,879,881,883,886,888,890,892,895,897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,869,95],{"class":94},[47,871,99],{"class":98},[47,873,128],{"class":61},[47,875,876],{"class":65},"red",[47,878,128],{"class":61},[47,880,136],{"class":98},[47,882,62],{"class":61},[47,884,885],{"class":65},"green",[47,887,128],{"class":61},[47,889,136],{"class":98},[47,891,62],{"class":61},[47,893,894],{"class":65},"blue",[47,896,128],{"class":61},[47,898,106],{"class":98},[20,900,144],{},[38,902,904],{"className":40,"code":903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red green blue\n",[15,905,906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,907,908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,909,903],{"class":53},[447,911,913],{"id":912},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[38,915,917],{"className":40,"code":916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,918,919,963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,920,921,923,925,927,929,931,933,935,937,939,941,943,945,947,949,953,955,957,959,961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,922,95],{"class":94},[47,924,99],{"class":98},[47,926,128],{"class":61},[47,928,876],{"class":65},[47,930,128],{"class":61},[47,932,136],{"class":98},[47,934,62],{"class":61},[47,936,885],{"class":65},[47,938,128],{"class":61},[47,940,136],{"class":98},[47,942,62],{"class":61},[47,944,894],{"class":65},[47,946,128],{"class":61},[47,948,136],{"class":98},[47,950,952],{"class":951},"s99_P"," sep",[47,954,58],{"class":57},[47,956,128],{"class":61},[47,958,136],{"class":65},[47,960,128],{"class":61},[47,962,106],{"class":98},[47,964,965,967,969,971,973,975,977,979,981,983,985,987,989,991,993,995,997,999,1002,1004],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,966,95],{"class":94},[47,968,99],{"class":98},[47,970,128],{"class":61},[47,972,876],{"class":65},[47,974,128],{"class":61},[47,976,136],{"class":98},[47,978,62],{"class":61},[47,980,885],{"class":65},[47,982,128],{"class":61},[47,984,136],{"class":98},[47,986,62],{"class":61},[47,988,894],{"class":65},[47,990,128],{"class":61},[47,992,136],{"class":98},[47,994,952],{"class":951},[47,996,58],{"class":57},[47,998,128],{"class":61},[47,1000,1001],{"class":65}," - ",[47,1003,128],{"class":61},[47,1005,106],{"class":98},[20,1007,144],{},[38,1009,1011],{"className":40,"code":1010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,1012,1013,1026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1014,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1016,876],{"class":53},[47,1018,136],{"class":98},[47,1020,885],{"class":53},[47,1022,136],{"class":98},[47,1024,1025],{"class":53},"blue\n",[47,1027,1028,1031,1034,1037,1039],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1029,1030],{"class":53},"red ",[47,1032,1033],{"class":57},"-",[47,1035,1036],{"class":53}," green ",[47,1038,1033],{"class":57},[47,1040,1041],{"class":53}," blue\n",[20,1043,1044,1046],{},[15,1045,814],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,1048,1049,1050,445],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[594,1051,1053],{"href":1052},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[33,1055,1057,847],{"id":1056},"end-argument",[15,1058,820],{},[20,1060,1061,1062,1064,1065,1067],{},"By default, ",[15,1063,17],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,1066,17],{}," starts on a new line.",[447,1069,860],{"id":1070},"default-behavior-1",[38,1072,1074],{"className":40,"code":1073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,1075,1076,1090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1077,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1079,95],{"class":94},[47,1081,99],{"class":98},[47,1083,128],{"class":61},[47,1085,131],{"class":65},[47,1087,128],{"class":61},[47,1089,106],{"class":98},[47,1091,1092,1094,1096,1098,1101,1103],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1093,95],{"class":94},[47,1095,99],{"class":98},[47,1097,128],{"class":61},[47,1099,1100],{"class":65},"World",[47,1102,128],{"class":61},[47,1104,106],{"class":98},[20,1106,144],{},[38,1108,1110],{"className":40,"code":1109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,1111,1112,1116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1113,1114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1115,263],{"class":53},[47,1117,1118],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1119,1120],{"class":53},"World\n",[447,1122,1124],{"id":1123},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[38,1126,1128],{"className":40,"code":1127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,1129,1130,1154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1131,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1147,1149,1152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1133,95],{"class":94},[47,1135,99],{"class":98},[47,1137,128],{"class":61},[47,1139,131],{"class":65},[47,1141,128],{"class":61},[47,1143,136],{"class":98},[47,1145,1146],{"class":951}," end",[47,1148,58],{"class":57},[47,1150,1151],{"class":61},"\"\"",[47,1153,106],{"class":98},[47,1155,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1157,95],{"class":94},[47,1159,99],{"class":98},[47,1161,128],{"class":61},[47,1163,1100],{"class":65},[47,1165,128],{"class":61},[47,1167,106],{"class":98},[20,1169,144],{},[38,1171,1173],{"className":40,"code":1172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloWorld\n",[15,1174,1175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1176,1177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1178,1172],{"class":53},[447,1180,1182],{"id":1181},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[38,1184,1186],{"className":40,"code":1185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,1187,1188,1219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1189,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1211,1215,1217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1191,95],{"class":94},[47,1193,99],{"class":98},[47,1195,128],{"class":61},[47,1197,131],{"class":65},[47,1199,128],{"class":61},[47,1201,136],{"class":98},[47,1203,1146],{"class":951},[47,1205,58],{"class":57},[47,1207,128],{"class":61},[47,1209,1210],{"class":65},"!",[47,1212,1214],{"class":1213},"s_hVV","\\n",[47,1216,128],{"class":61},[47,1218,106],{"class":98},[47,1220,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1222,95],{"class":94},[47,1224,99],{"class":98},[47,1226,128],{"class":61},[47,1228,1100],{"class":65},[47,1230,128],{"class":61},[47,1232,106],{"class":98},[20,1234,144],{},[38,1236,1238],{"className":40,"code":1237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,1239,1240,1245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1241,1242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1243,1244],{"class":53},"Hello!\n",[47,1246,1247],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1248,1120],{"class":53},[20,1250,850,1251,1253],{},[15,1252,820],{}," argument is useful for:",[187,1255,1256,1259,1262],{},[190,1257,1258],{},"progress messages",[190,1260,1261],{},"inline output",[190,1263,1264],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[33,1266,1268,1270,1271],{"id":1267},"print-returns-none",[15,1269,17],{}," returns ",[15,1272,285],{},[20,1274,1275,1276,1278],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,1277,17],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,1280,204],{},[38,1282,1284],{"className":40,"code":1283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,1285,1286,1307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1287,1288,1291,1293,1296,1298,1300,1303,1305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1289,1290],{"class":53},"result ",[47,1292,58],{"class":57},[47,1294,1295],{"class":94}," print",[47,1297,99],{"class":98},[47,1299,128],{"class":61},[47,1301,1302],{"class":65},"Hi",[47,1304,128],{"class":61},[47,1306,106],{"class":98},[47,1308,1309,1311,1313,1316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1310,95],{"class":94},[47,1312,99],{"class":98},[47,1314,1315],{"class":102},"result",[47,1317,106],{"class":98},[20,1319,144],{},[38,1321,1323],{"className":40,"code":1322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,1324,1325,1330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1326,1327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1328,1329],{"class":53},"Hi\n",[47,1331,1332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1333,1335],{"class":1334},"s39Yj","None\n",[20,1337,1338],{},"Why does this happen?",[187,1340,1341,1349,1354],{},[190,1342,1343,1346,1347],{},[15,1344,1345],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,1348,1302],{},[190,1350,1351,1352],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,1353,285],{},[190,1355,1356,1357,1359,1360],{},"so ",[15,1358,1315],{}," stores ",[15,1361,285],{},[20,1363,1364,1365,1367],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,1366,17],{}," call.",[38,1369,1371],{"className":40,"code":1370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,1372,1373,1386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1374,1375,1378,1380,1382,1384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1376,1377],{"class":53},"message ",[47,1379,58],{"class":57},[47,1381,62],{"class":61},[47,1383,1302],{"class":65},[47,1385,69],{"class":61},[47,1387,1388,1390,1392,1395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1389,95],{"class":94},[47,1391,99],{"class":98},[47,1393,1394],{"class":102},"message",[47,1396,106],{"class":98},[20,1398,1399,1400,1402,1403,1409],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,1401,17],{}," with functions like ",[594,1404,1406],{"href":1405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,1407,1408],{},"input()",", which do return a value.",[33,1411,1413,1414],{"id":1412},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,1415,17],{},[20,1417,1418,1419,1421],{},"Beginners use ",[15,1420,17],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[187,1423,1424,1427,1430,1433],{},[190,1425,1426],{},"to display results to the user",[190,1428,1429],{},"to show messages in a script",[190,1431,1432],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[190,1434,1435],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,1437,204],{},[38,1439,1441],{"className":40,"code":1440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,1442,1443,1453,1457,1484,1495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1444,1445,1448,1450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1446,1447],{"class":53},"total ",[47,1449,58],{"class":57},[47,1451,1452],{"class":80}," 0\n",[47,1454,1455],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1456,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,1458,1459,1463,1466,1469,1472,1474,1477,1479,1481],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,1460,1462],{"class":1461},"sVHd0","for",[47,1464,1465],{"class":53}," number ",[47,1467,1468],{"class":1461},"in",[47,1470,1471],{"class":94}," range",[47,1473,99],{"class":98},[47,1475,1476],{"class":80},"1",[47,1478,136],{"class":98},[47,1480,393],{"class":80},[47,1482,1483],{"class":98},"):\n",[47,1485,1486,1489,1492],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,1487,1488],{"class":53},"    total ",[47,1490,1491],{"class":57},"+=",[47,1493,1494],{"class":53}," number\n",[47,1496,1497,1500,1502,1504,1507,1509,1511,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524,1527],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,1498,1499],{"class":94},"    print",[47,1501,99],{"class":98},[47,1503,128],{"class":61},[47,1505,1506],{"class":65},"Current number:",[47,1508,128],{"class":61},[47,1510,136],{"class":98},[47,1512,1513],{"class":102}," number",[47,1515,136],{"class":98},[47,1517,62],{"class":61},[47,1519,386],{"class":65},[47,1521,128],{"class":61},[47,1523,136],{"class":98},[47,1525,1526],{"class":102}," total",[47,1528,106],{"class":98},[20,1530,144],{},[38,1532,1534],{"className":40,"code":1533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,1535,1536,1554,1570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1537,1538,1541,1543,1546,1549,1551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1539,1540],{"class":53},"Current number",[47,1542,420],{"class":98},[47,1544,1545],{"class":80}," 1",[47,1547,1548],{"class":53}," Total",[47,1550,420],{"class":98},[47,1552,1553],{"class":80}," 1\n",[47,1555,1556,1558,1560,1563,1565,1567],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1557,1540],{"class":53},[47,1559,420],{"class":98},[47,1561,1562],{"class":80}," 2",[47,1564,1548],{"class":53},[47,1566,420],{"class":98},[47,1568,1569],{"class":80}," 3\n",[47,1571,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,1573,1540],{"class":53},[47,1575,420],{"class":98},[47,1577,249],{"class":80},[47,1579,1548],{"class":53},[47,1581,420],{"class":98},[47,1583,1584],{"class":80}," 6\n",[20,1586,1587,1588,445],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[594,1589,1591],{"href":1590},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[33,1593,1595],{"id":1594},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1597,1598,1599,445],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,1600,17],{},[447,1602,1604],{"id":1603},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,1606,1607],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[38,1609,1611],{"className":40,"code":1610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(Hello)\n",[15,1612,1613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1614,1615,1617,1619,1621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1616,95],{"class":94},[47,1618,99],{"class":98},[47,1620,131],{"class":102},[47,1622,106],{"class":98},[20,1624,1625,1626,1628],{},"If ",[15,1627,131],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,1630,1631],{},"Correct version:",[38,1633,1635],{"className":40,"code":1634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,1636,1637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1638,1639,1641,1643,1645,1647,1649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1640,95],{"class":94},[47,1642,99],{"class":98},[47,1644,128],{"class":61},[47,1646,131],{"class":65},[47,1648,128],{"class":61},[47,1650,106],{"class":98},[447,1652,1654,1655,1657],{"id":1653},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3","Using ",[15,1656,95],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,1659,1660],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[38,1662,1664],{"className":40,"code":1663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,1665,1666],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1667,1668,1670,1672,1674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1669,95],{"class":94},[47,1671,62],{"class":61},[47,1673,131],{"class":65},[47,1675,69],{"class":61},[20,1677,1631],{},[38,1679,1680],{"className":40,"code":1634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,1681,1682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1683,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1685,95],{"class":94},[47,1687,99],{"class":98},[47,1689,128],{"class":61},[47,1691,131],{"class":65},[47,1693,128],{"class":61},[47,1695,106],{"class":98},[447,1697,1699,1700],{"id":1698},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,1701,710],{},[20,1703,1704,1705,445],{},"This causes a ",[15,1706,1707],{},"TypeError",[38,1709,1710],{"className":40,"code":750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,1711,1712,1720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1713,1714,1716,1718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1715,75],{"class":53},[47,1717,58],{"class":57},[47,1719,423],{"class":80},[47,1721,1722,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1723,95],{"class":94},[47,1725,99],{"class":98},[47,1727,128],{"class":61},[47,1729,771],{"class":65},[47,1731,128],{"class":61},[47,1733,246],{"class":57},[47,1735,676],{"class":102},[47,1737,106],{"class":98},[20,1739,1740],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[38,1742,1744],{"className":40,"code":1743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,1745,1746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1747,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1749,95],{"class":94},[47,1751,99],{"class":98},[47,1753,128],{"class":61},[47,1755,669],{"class":65},[47,1757,128],{"class":61},[47,1759,136],{"class":98},[47,1761,676],{"class":102},[47,1763,106],{"class":98},[20,1765,1766],{},"Or convert the number first:",[38,1768,1770],{"className":40,"code":1769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,1771,1772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1773,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1790,1792,1794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1775,95],{"class":94},[47,1777,99],{"class":98},[47,1779,128],{"class":61},[47,1781,771],{"class":65},[47,1783,128],{"class":61},[47,1785,246],{"class":57},[47,1787,1789],{"class":1788},"sZMiF"," str",[47,1791,99],{"class":98},[47,1793,116],{"class":102},[47,1795,1796],{"class":98},"))\n",[20,1798,1799,1800,445],{},"If you see this error, read ",[594,1801,1803],{"href":1802},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[447,1805,1807,1808,1810],{"id":1806},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value","Expecting ",[15,1809,17],{}," to return a value",[20,1812,1813,1814,1817,1818,420],{},"This does not store ",[15,1815,1816],{},"\"Hello\""," in ",[15,1819,1315],{},[38,1821,1823],{"className":40,"code":1822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,1824,1825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1826,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1828,1290],{"class":53},[47,1830,58],{"class":57},[47,1832,1295],{"class":94},[47,1834,99],{"class":98},[47,1836,128],{"class":61},[47,1838,131],{"class":65},[47,1840,128],{"class":61},[47,1842,106],{"class":98},[20,1844,1845,1846,445],{},"It stores ",[15,1847,285],{},[447,1849,1851,1852,839,1854],{"id":1850},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,1853,814],{},[15,1855,820],{},[20,1857,1858],{},"Remember:",[187,1860,1861,1870],{},[190,1862,1863,1865,1866,1869],{},[15,1864,814],{}," changes what goes ",[280,1867,1868],{},"between"," multiple values",[190,1871,1872,1874,1875,1878],{},[15,1873,820],{}," changes what appears ",[280,1876,1877],{},"after"," the output",[33,1880,1882],{"id":1881},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,1884,1885,1886,1888],{},"These simple ",[15,1887,17],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[38,1890,1892],{"className":40,"code":1891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,1893,1894,1914,1930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,1895,1896,1898,1900,1902,1905,1907,1909,1912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,1897,95],{"class":94},[47,1899,99],{"class":98},[47,1901,128],{"class":61},[47,1903,1904],{"class":65},"Debug:",[47,1906,128],{"class":61},[47,1908,136],{"class":98},[47,1910,1911],{"class":102}," variable_name",[47,1913,106],{"class":98},[47,1915,1916,1918,1920,1923,1925,1928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,1917,95],{"class":94},[47,1919,99],{"class":98},[47,1921,1922],{"class":1788},"type",[47,1924,99],{"class":98},[47,1926,1927],{"class":102},"variable_name",[47,1929,1796],{"class":98},[47,1931,1932,1935,1937,1939],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,1933,1934],{"class":94},"help",[47,1936,99],{"class":98},[47,1938,95],{"class":94},[47,1940,106],{"class":98},[20,1942,1943],{},"What they do:",[187,1945,1946,1952,1958],{},[190,1947,1948,1951],{},[15,1949,1950],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[190,1953,1954,1957],{},[15,1955,1956],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[190,1959,1960,1963,1964],{},[15,1961,1962],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,1965,17],{},[33,1967,1969],{"id":1968},"faq","FAQ",[447,1971,1973,1974,1976],{"id":1972},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically","Does ",[15,1975,17],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,1978,1979,1980,1982,1983,1985],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,1981,17],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,1984,820],{}," argument.",[447,1987,1989,1990,1992],{"id":1988},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value","Can ",[15,1991,17],{}," show more than one value?",[20,1994,1995,1996,1998],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,1997,17],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[447,2000,2002,2003,2006,2007,2009],{"id":2001},"why-does-printhello-return-none","Why does ",[15,2004,2005],{},"print(\"Hello\")"," return ",[15,2008,285],{},"?",[20,2011,2012,2013,2015],{},"Because ",[15,2014,17],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[447,2017,2019],{"id":2018},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,2021,2022],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[38,2024,2026],{"className":40,"code":2025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,2027,2028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2029,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2031,95],{"class":94},[47,2033,99],{"class":98},[47,2035,128],{"class":61},[47,2037,669],{"class":65},[47,2039,128],{"class":61},[47,2041,136],{"class":98},[47,2043,373],{"class":80},[47,2045,106],{"class":98},[20,2047,2048,2049,2051],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,2050,798],{}," if needed.",[447,2053,2055,2056,839,2058,2009],{"id":2054},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end","What is the difference between ",[15,2057,814],{},[15,2059,820],{},[187,2061,2062,2067],{},[190,2063,2064,2066],{},[15,2065,814],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[190,2068,2069,2071],{},[15,2070,820],{}," changes what appears after the output",[33,2073,2075],{"id":2074},"see-also","See also",[187,2077,2078,2082,2089,2095,2100,2105],{},[190,2079,2080],{},[594,2081,597],{"href":596},[190,2083,2084],{},[594,2085,13,2086,2088],{"href":1405},[15,2087,1408],{}," function explained",[190,2090,2091],{},[594,2092,13,2093,2088],{"href":795},[15,2094,798],{},[190,2096,2097],{},[594,2098,2099],{"href":1052},"How to format strings in Python",[190,2101,2102],{},[594,2103,2104],{"href":1590},"How to debug Python code",[190,2106,2107],{},[594,2108,1803],{"href":1802},[2110,2111,2112],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":2114},[2115,2116,2118,2119,2125,2126,2127,2132,2138,2140,2142,2153,2154,2165],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":173,"depth":72,"text":2117},"What print() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":438,"depth":72,"text":439,"children":2120},[2121,2122,2123,2124],{"id":449,"depth":84,"text":450},{"id":490,"depth":84,"text":491},{"id":523,"depth":84,"text":524},{"id":553,"depth":84,"text":554},{"id":600,"depth":72,"text":601},{"id":801,"depth":72,"text":802},{"id":844,"depth":72,"text":2128,"children":2129},"sep argument",[2130,2131],{"id":859,"depth":84,"text":860},{"id":912,"depth":84,"text":913},{"id":1056,"depth":72,"text":2133,"children":2134},"end argument",[2135,2136,2137],{"id":1070,"depth":84,"text":860},{"id":1123,"depth":84,"text":1124},{"id":1181,"depth":84,"text":1182},{"id":1267,"depth":72,"text":2139},"print() returns None",{"id":1412,"depth":72,"text":2141},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":2143},[2144,2145,2147,2149,2151],{"id":1603,"depth":84,"text":1604},{"id":1653,"depth":84,"text":2146},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":1698,"depth":84,"text":2148},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":1806,"depth":84,"text":2150},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":1850,"depth":84,"text":2152},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":1881,"depth":72,"text":1882},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":2155},[2156,2158,2160,2162,2163],{"id":1972,"depth":84,"text":2157},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":1988,"depth":84,"text":2159},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":2001,"depth":84,"text":2161},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":2018,"depth":84,"text":2019},{"id":2054,"depth":84,"text":2164},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2166},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",[2174,3760,5471,7167,9303,11504,13022,15197,17404,19863,21702,24267,26366,28648,30594,32503,34499,35934,37758,40280,42439,43668,45039,46683,49003,50846,52826,54518,55771,57465,59215,61187,62937,65037,66396,68347,69910,71900,73695,75595,78037,80115,82754,84782,86742,88928,90675,92988,94670,96115,97309,98487,100327,102767,104471,106486,108010,109255,110418,111800,113871,115768,117542,119408,121527,123267,124729,126323,128246,129923,131858,133347,136131,137708,139267,141295,143247,144710,145899,147785,149196,150892,152446,153868,155271,157169,159563,161394],{"id":2175,"title":2176,"body":2177,"description":3754,"extension":2167,"meta":3755,"navigation":87,"path":3756,"seo":3757,"stem":3758,"__hash__":3759},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2178,"toc":3726},[2179,2182,2188,2191,2202,2205,2207,2270,2272,2292,2297,2301,2306,2309,2325,2328,2353,2356,2358,2361,2377,2380,2406,2408,2465,2467,2482,2492,2503,2507,2510,2563,2565,2585,2588,2611,2618,2622,2627,2633,2635,2671,2673,2682,2688,2706,2709,2721,2725,2730,2734,2737,2758,2760,2816,2818,2826,2829,2833,2865,2867,2875,2878,2882,2887,2935,2937,2945,2949,3009,3011,3019,3022,3024,3028,3031,3054,3063,3079,3130,3132,3146,3156,3160,3163,3192,3198,3202,3207,3248,3250,3261,3264,3307,3309,3317,3321,3326,3348,3350,3359,3368,3372,3377,3399,3401,3471,3473,3525,3528,3531,3534,3613,3615,3646,3648,3652,3655,3659,3662,3666,3669,3673,3685,3689,3692,3694,3723],[10,2180,2176],{"id":2181},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2183,850,2184,2187],{},[15,2185,2186],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2189,2190],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[187,2192,2193,2196,2199],{},[190,2194,2195],{},"a number without its negative sign",[190,2197,2198],{},"the distance between two numbers",[190,2200,2201],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2203,2204],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[33,2206,36],{"id":35},[38,2208,2210],{"className":40,"code":2209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2211,2212,2230,2245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2213,2214,2216,2218,2221,2223,2225,2228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2215,95],{"class":94},[47,2217,99],{"class":98},[47,2219,2220],{"class":94},"abs",[47,2222,99],{"class":98},[47,2224,1033],{"class":57},[47,2226,2227],{"class":80},"7",[47,2229,1796],{"class":98},[47,2231,2232,2234,2236,2238,2240,2243],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2233,95],{"class":94},[47,2235,99],{"class":98},[47,2237,2220],{"class":94},[47,2239,99],{"class":98},[47,2241,2242],{"class":80},"3.5",[47,2244,1796],{"class":98},[47,2246,2247,2249,2251,2253,2255,2257,2259,2261,2264,2268],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2248,95],{"class":94},[47,2250,99],{"class":98},[47,2252,2220],{"class":94},[47,2254,99],{"class":98},[47,2256,1033],{"class":57},[47,2258,243],{"class":80},[47,2260,710],{"class":57},[47,2262,2263],{"class":80},"3",[47,2265,2267],{"class":2266},"sbsja","j",[47,2269,1796],{"class":98},[20,2271,144],{},[38,2273,2275],{"className":40,"code":2274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2276,2277,2282,2287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2278,2279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2280,2281],{"class":80},"7\n",[47,2283,2284],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2285,2286],{"class":80},"3.5\n",[47,2288,2289],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2290,2291],{"class":80},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2293,167,2294,2296],{},[15,2295,2186],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[33,2298,2300],{"id":2299},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2302,2303,2305],{},[15,2304,2186],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2307,2308],{},"That means:",[187,2310,2311,2314,2317],{},[190,2312,2313],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[190,2315,2316],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[190,2318,2319,2322,2323],{},[15,2320,2321],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2324,2321],{},[20,2326,2327],{},"Examples:",[187,2329,2330,2338,2346],{},[190,2331,2332,2335,2336],{},[15,2333,2334],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2337,232],{},[190,2339,2340,2335,2343],{},[15,2341,2342],{},"abs(9)",[15,2344,2345],{},"9",[190,2347,2348,2335,2351],{},[15,2349,2350],{},"abs(0)",[15,2352,2321],{},[20,2354,2355],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[33,2357,290],{"id":289},[20,2359,2360],{},"The syntax is:",[38,2362,2364],{"className":40,"code":2363,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(x)\n",[15,2365,2366],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2367,2368,2370,2372,2375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2369,2220],{"class":94},[47,2371,99],{"class":98},[47,2373,2374],{"class":102},"x",[47,2376,106],{"class":98},[20,2378,2379],{},"Here:",[187,2381,2382,2398,2403],{},[190,2383,2384,2386,2387,2390,2391,2394,2395,1513],{},[15,2385,2374],{}," is usually an ",[15,2388,2389],{},"int",", ",[15,2392,2393],{},"float",", or ",[15,2396,2397],{},"complex",[190,2399,2400,2402],{},[15,2401,2186],{}," returns a new value",[190,2404,2405],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2407,204],{},[38,2409,2411],{"className":40,"code":2410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2412,2413,2425,2441,2445,2455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2414,2415,2418,2420,2423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2416,2417],{"class":53},"number ",[47,2419,58],{"class":57},[47,2421,2422],{"class":57}," -",[47,2424,159],{"class":80},[47,2426,2427,2429,2431,2434,2436,2439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2428,1290],{"class":53},[47,2430,58],{"class":57},[47,2432,2433],{"class":94}," abs",[47,2435,99],{"class":98},[47,2437,2438],{"class":102},"number",[47,2440,106],{"class":98},[47,2442,2443],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2444,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,2446,2447,2449,2451,2453],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,2448,95],{"class":94},[47,2450,99],{"class":98},[47,2452,2438],{"class":102},[47,2454,106],{"class":98},[47,2456,2457,2459,2461,2463],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,2458,95],{"class":94},[47,2460,99],{"class":98},[47,2462,1315],{"class":102},[47,2464,106],{"class":98},[20,2466,144],{},[38,2468,2470],{"className":40,"code":2469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-12\n12\n",[15,2471,2472,2478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2473,2474,2476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2475,1033],{"class":57},[47,2477,159],{"class":80},[47,2479,2480],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2481,159],{"class":80},[20,2483,2484,2485,2487,2488,2491],{},"Notice that ",[15,2486,2438],{}," is still ",[15,2489,2490],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2493,2494,2495,2502],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[594,2496,2498,2501],{"href":2497},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2499,2500],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[33,2504,2506],{"id":2505},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2508,2509],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[38,2511,2513],{"className":40,"code":2512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2514,2515,2531,2546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2516,2517,2519,2521,2523,2525,2527,2529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2518,95],{"class":94},[47,2520,99],{"class":98},[47,2522,2220],{"class":94},[47,2524,99],{"class":98},[47,2526,1033],{"class":57},[47,2528,582],{"class":80},[47,2530,1796],{"class":98},[47,2532,2533,2535,2537,2539,2541,2544],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2534,95],{"class":94},[47,2536,99],{"class":98},[47,2538,2220],{"class":94},[47,2540,99],{"class":98},[47,2542,2543],{"class":80},"8",[47,2545,1796],{"class":98},[47,2547,2548,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558,2561],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2549,95],{"class":94},[47,2551,99],{"class":98},[47,2553,2220],{"class":94},[47,2555,99],{"class":98},[47,2557,1033],{"class":57},[47,2559,2560],{"class":80},"4.2",[47,2562,1796],{"class":98},[20,2564,144],{},[38,2566,2568],{"className":40,"code":2567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2569,2570,2575,2580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2571,2572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2573,2574],{"class":80},"10\n",[47,2576,2577],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2578,2579],{"class":80},"8\n",[47,2581,2582],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2583,2584],{"class":80},"4.2\n",[20,2586,2587],{},"What each line does:",[187,2589,2590,2597,2604],{},[190,2591,2592,1270,2595],{},[15,2593,2594],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2596,582],{},[190,2598,2599,1270,2602],{},[15,2600,2601],{},"abs(8)",[15,2603,2543],{},[190,2605,2606,1270,2609],{},[15,2607,2608],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2610,2560],{},[20,2612,2613,2614,445],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[594,2615,2617],{"href":2616},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[33,2619,2621],{"id":2620},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2623,2624,2626],{},[15,2625,2186],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2628,2629,2630,2632],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2631,2321],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2634,204],{},[38,2636,2638],{"className":40,"code":2637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2639,2640,2656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2641,2642,2645,2647,2649,2651,2653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2643,2644],{"class":53},"value ",[47,2646,58],{"class":57},[47,2648,249],{"class":80},[47,2650,246],{"class":57},[47,2652,393],{"class":80},[47,2654,2655],{"class":2266},"j\n",[47,2657,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666,2669],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2659,95],{"class":94},[47,2661,99],{"class":98},[47,2663,2220],{"class":94},[47,2665,99],{"class":98},[47,2667,2668],{"class":102},"value",[47,2670,1796],{"class":98},[20,2672,144],{},[38,2674,2676],{"className":40,"code":2675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n",[15,2677,2678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2679,2680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2681,2675],{"class":80},[20,2683,2684,2685,2009],{},"Why ",[15,2686,2687],{},"5.0",[187,2689,2690,2695,2701],{},[190,2691,2692,2693],{},"the real part is ",[15,2694,2263],{},[190,2696,2697,2698],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2699,2700],{},"4",[190,2702,2703,2704],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2705,2687],{},[20,2707,2708],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[187,2710,2711,2718],{},[190,2712,2713,2715,2716],{},[15,2714,2186],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2717,2393],{},[190,2719,2720],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[33,2722,2724],{"id":2723},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2726,2727,2728,445],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2729,2186],{},[447,2731,2733],{"id":2732},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2735,2736],{},"A very common pattern is:",[38,2738,2740],{"className":40,"code":2739,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2741,2742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2743,2744,2746,2748,2751,2753,2756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2745,2220],{"class":94},[47,2747,99],{"class":98},[47,2749,2750],{"class":102},"a ",[47,2752,1033],{"class":57},[47,2754,2755],{"class":102}," b",[47,2757,106],{"class":98},[20,2759,204],{},[38,2761,2763],{"className":40,"code":2762,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2764,2765,2773,2782,2786,2805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2766,2767,2769,2771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2768,2750],{"class":53},[47,2770,58],{"class":57},[47,2772,1569],{"class":80},[47,2774,2775,2778,2780],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2776,2777],{"class":53},"b ",[47,2779,58],{"class":57},[47,2781,423],{"class":80},[47,2783,2784],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2785,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,2787,2788,2791,2793,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,2789,2790],{"class":53},"distance ",[47,2792,58],{"class":57},[47,2794,2433],{"class":94},[47,2796,99],{"class":98},[47,2798,2750],{"class":102},[47,2800,1033],{"class":57},[47,2802,2755],{"class":102},[47,2804,106],{"class":98},[47,2806,2807,2809,2811,2814],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,2808,95],{"class":94},[47,2810,99],{"class":98},[47,2812,2813],{"class":102},"distance",[47,2815,106],{"class":98},[20,2817,144],{},[38,2819,2820],{"className":40,"code":2281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2821,2822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2823,2824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2825,2281],{"class":80},[20,2827,2828],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[447,2830,2832],{"id":2831},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[38,2834,2836],{"className":40,"code":2835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2837,2838,2850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2839,2840,2843,2845,2847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2841,2842],{"class":53},"temperature_change ",[47,2844,58],{"class":57},[47,2846,2422],{"class":57},[47,2848,2849],{"class":80},"6\n",[47,2851,2852,2854,2856,2858,2860,2863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2853,95],{"class":94},[47,2855,99],{"class":98},[47,2857,2220],{"class":94},[47,2859,99],{"class":98},[47,2861,2862],{"class":102},"temperature_change",[47,2864,1796],{"class":98},[20,2866,144],{},[38,2868,2869],{"className":40,"code":2849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2870,2871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2872,2873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2874,2849],{"class":80},[20,2876,2877],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[447,2879,2881],{"id":2880},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2883,2884,2885,2502],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2886,2186],{},[38,2888,2890],{"className":40,"code":2889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2891,2892,2904,2920,2924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2893,2894,2897,2899,2901],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2895,2896],{"class":53},"balance_change ",[47,2898,58],{"class":57},[47,2900,2422],{"class":57},[47,2902,2903],{"class":80},"25\n",[47,2905,2906,2909,2911,2913,2915,2918],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2907,2908],{"class":53},"safe_value ",[47,2910,58],{"class":57},[47,2912,2433],{"class":94},[47,2914,99],{"class":98},[47,2916,2917],{"class":102},"balance_change",[47,2919,106],{"class":98},[47,2921,2922],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2923,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,2925,2926,2928,2930,2933],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,2927,95],{"class":94},[47,2929,99],{"class":98},[47,2931,2932],{"class":102},"safe_value",[47,2934,106],{"class":98},[20,2936,144],{},[38,2938,2939],{"className":40,"code":2903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,2940,2941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2942,2943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2944,2903],{"class":80},[447,2946,2948],{"id":2947},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[38,2950,2952],{"className":40,"code":2951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2953,2954,2964,2974,2978,2998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,2955,2956,2959,2961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,2957,2958],{"class":53},"guess ",[47,2960,58],{"class":57},[47,2962,2963],{"class":80}," 42\n",[47,2965,2966,2969,2971],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,2967,2968],{"class":53},"target ",[47,2970,58],{"class":57},[47,2972,2973],{"class":80}," 50\n",[47,2975,2976],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,2977,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,2979,2980,2983,2985,2987,2989,2991,2993,2996],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,2981,2982],{"class":53},"difference ",[47,2984,58],{"class":57},[47,2986,2433],{"class":94},[47,2988,99],{"class":98},[47,2990,2958],{"class":102},[47,2992,1033],{"class":57},[47,2994,2995],{"class":102}," target",[47,2997,106],{"class":98},[47,2999,3000,3002,3004,3007],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,3001,95],{"class":94},[47,3003,99],{"class":98},[47,3005,3006],{"class":102},"difference",[47,3008,106],{"class":98},[20,3010,144],{},[38,3012,3013],{"className":40,"code":2579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3014,3015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3016,3017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3018,2579],{"class":80},[20,3020,3021],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[33,3023,1595],{"id":1594},[447,3025,3027],{"id":3026},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3029,3030],{},"This causes an error:",[38,3032,3034],{"className":40,"code":3033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3035,3036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3037,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3039,95],{"class":94},[47,3041,99],{"class":98},[47,3043,2220],{"class":94},[47,3045,99],{"class":98},[47,3047,128],{"class":61},[47,3049,232],{"class":65},[47,3051,128],{"class":61},[47,3053,1796],{"class":98},[20,3055,3056,3059,3060,3062],{},[15,3057,3058],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3061,2186],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3064,3065,3066,3072,3073,420],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[594,3067,3069],{"href":3068},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3070,3071],{},"int()"," or ",[594,3074,3076],{"href":3075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3077,3078],{},"float()",[38,3080,3082],{"className":40,"code":3081,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3083,3084,3107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3085,3086,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098,3100,3102,3104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3087,95],{"class":94},[47,3089,99],{"class":98},[47,3091,2220],{"class":94},[47,3093,99],{"class":98},[47,3095,2389],{"class":1788},[47,3097,99],{"class":98},[47,3099,128],{"class":61},[47,3101,232],{"class":65},[47,3103,128],{"class":61},[47,3105,3106],{"class":98},")))\n",[47,3108,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117,3119,3121,3123,3126,3128],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3110,95],{"class":94},[47,3112,99],{"class":98},[47,3114,2220],{"class":94},[47,3116,99],{"class":98},[47,3118,2393],{"class":1788},[47,3120,99],{"class":98},[47,3122,128],{"class":61},[47,3124,3125],{"class":65},"-3.2",[47,3127,128],{"class":61},[47,3129,3106],{"class":98},[20,3131,144],{},[38,3133,3135],{"className":40,"code":3134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3136,3137,3141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3138,3139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3140,268],{"class":80},[47,3142,3143],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3144,3145],{"class":80},"3.2\n",[20,3147,3148,3149,3151,3152,445],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3150,1408],{}," always returns a string. See ",[594,3153,3155],{"href":3154},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[447,3157,3159],{"id":3158},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3161,3162],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[38,3164,3166],{"className":40,"code":3165,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3167,3168],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3169,3170,3172,3174,3176,3179,3181,3183,3185,3187,3189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3171,95],{"class":94},[47,3173,99],{"class":98},[47,3175,2220],{"class":94},[47,3177,3178],{"class":98},"([",[47,3180,1476],{"class":80},[47,3182,136],{"class":98},[47,3184,1562],{"class":80},[47,3186,136],{"class":98},[47,3188,249],{"class":80},[47,3190,3191],{"class":98},"]))\n",[20,3193,3194,3195,3197],{},"This raises a ",[15,3196,1707],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[447,3199,3201],{"id":3200},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3203,3204,3206],{},[15,3205,2186],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[38,3208,3210],{"className":40,"code":3209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3211,3212,3224,3234,3238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3213,3214,3217,3219,3221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3215,3216],{"class":53},"x ",[47,3218,58],{"class":57},[47,3220,2422],{"class":57},[47,3222,3223],{"class":80},"9\n",[47,3225,3226,3228,3230,3232],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3227,2220],{"class":94},[47,3229,99],{"class":98},[47,3231,2374],{"class":102},[47,3233,106],{"class":98},[47,3235,3236],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,3237,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,3239,3240,3242,3244,3246],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,3241,95],{"class":94},[47,3243,99],{"class":98},[47,3245,2374],{"class":102},[47,3247,106],{"class":98},[20,3249,144],{},[38,3251,3253],{"className":40,"code":3252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-9\n",[15,3254,3255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3256,3257,3259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3258,1033],{"class":57},[47,3260,3223],{"class":80},[20,3262,3263],{},"If you want to store the result:",[38,3265,3267],{"className":40,"code":3266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3268,3269,3279,3293,3297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3270,3271,3273,3275,3277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3272,3216],{"class":53},[47,3274,58],{"class":57},[47,3276,2422],{"class":57},[47,3278,3223],{"class":80},[47,3280,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3282,3216],{"class":53},[47,3284,58],{"class":57},[47,3286,2433],{"class":94},[47,3288,99],{"class":98},[47,3290,2374],{"class":102},[47,3292,106],{"class":98},[47,3294,3295],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,3296,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,3298,3299,3301,3303,3305],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,3300,95],{"class":94},[47,3302,99],{"class":98},[47,3304,2374],{"class":102},[47,3306,106],{"class":98},[20,3308,144],{},[38,3310,3311],{"className":40,"code":3223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,3312,3313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3314,3315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3316,3223],{"class":80},[447,3318,3320],{"id":3319},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3322,3323,3325],{},[15,3324,2186],{}," does not round numbers.",[38,3327,3329],{"className":40,"code":3328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3330,3331],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3332,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341,3343,3346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3334,95],{"class":94},[47,3336,99],{"class":98},[47,3338,2220],{"class":94},[47,3340,99],{"class":98},[47,3342,1033],{"class":57},[47,3344,3345],{"class":80},"4.7",[47,3347,1796],{"class":98},[20,3349,144],{},[38,3351,3353],{"className":40,"code":3352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.7\n",[15,3354,3355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3356,3357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3358,3352],{"class":80},[20,3360,3361,3362,3364,3365,3367],{},"If you expected ",[15,3363,232],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3366,2186],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[33,3369,3371],{"id":3370},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3373,3374,3376],{},[15,3375,2186],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[187,3378,3379,3386,3393],{},[190,3380,3381,3383,3384],{},[15,3382,2389],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3385,2389],{},[190,3387,3388,3390,3391],{},[15,3389,2393],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3392,2393],{},[190,3394,3395,3390,3397],{},[15,3396,2397],{},[15,3398,2393],{},[20,3400,204],{},[38,3402,3404],{"className":40,"code":3403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3405,3406,3426,3447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3407,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422,3424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3409,95],{"class":94},[47,3411,99],{"class":98},[47,3413,1922],{"class":1788},[47,3415,99],{"class":98},[47,3417,2220],{"class":94},[47,3419,99],{"class":98},[47,3421,1033],{"class":57},[47,3423,232],{"class":80},[47,3425,3106],{"class":98},[47,3427,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436,3438,3440,3442,3445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3429,95],{"class":94},[47,3431,99],{"class":98},[47,3433,1922],{"class":1788},[47,3435,99],{"class":98},[47,3437,2220],{"class":94},[47,3439,99],{"class":98},[47,3441,1033],{"class":57},[47,3443,3444],{"class":80},"3.2",[47,3446,3106],{"class":98},[47,3448,3449,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3465,3467,3469],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,3450,95],{"class":94},[47,3452,99],{"class":98},[47,3454,1922],{"class":1788},[47,3456,99],{"class":98},[47,3458,2220],{"class":94},[47,3460,99],{"class":98},[47,3462,2263],{"class":80},[47,3464,246],{"class":57},[47,3466,393],{"class":80},[47,3468,2267],{"class":2266},[47,3470,3106],{"class":98},[20,3472,144],{},[38,3474,3476],{"className":40,"code":3475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3477,3478,3497,3511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3479,3480,3483,3486,3489,3491,3494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3481,3482],{"class":57},"\u003C",[47,3484,3485],{"class":2266},"class",[47,3487,3488],{"class":61}," '",[47,3490,2389],{"class":65},[47,3492,3493],{"class":61},"'",[47,3495,3496],{"class":57},">\n",[47,3498,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3500,3482],{"class":57},[47,3502,3485],{"class":2266},[47,3504,3488],{"class":61},[47,3506,2393],{"class":65},[47,3508,3493],{"class":61},[47,3510,3496],{"class":57},[47,3512,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,3514,3482],{"class":57},[47,3516,3485],{"class":2266},[47,3518,3488],{"class":61},[47,3520,2393],{"class":65},[47,3522,3493],{"class":61},[47,3524,3496],{"class":57},[20,3526,3527],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3529,3530],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3532,3533],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[38,3535,3537],{"className":40,"code":3536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3538,3539,3552,3562,3576,3580,3594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3540,3541,3543,3545,3547,3550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3542,2644],{"class":53},[47,3544,58],{"class":57},[47,3546,62],{"class":61},[47,3548,3549],{"class":65},"-5",[47,3551,69],{"class":61},[47,3553,3554,3556,3558,3560],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3555,95],{"class":94},[47,3557,99],{"class":98},[47,3559,2668],{"class":102},[47,3561,106],{"class":98},[47,3563,3564,3566,3568,3570,3572,3574],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,3565,95],{"class":94},[47,3567,99],{"class":98},[47,3569,1922],{"class":1788},[47,3571,99],{"class":98},[47,3573,2668],{"class":102},[47,3575,1796],{"class":98},[47,3577,3578],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,3579,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,3581,3582,3585,3587,3589,3592],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,3583,3584],{"class":53},"user_input ",[47,3586,58],{"class":57},[47,3588,62],{"class":61},[47,3590,3591],{"class":65},"-3.7",[47,3593,69],{"class":61},[47,3595,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606,3608,3611],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,3597,95],{"class":94},[47,3599,99],{"class":98},[47,3601,2220],{"class":94},[47,3603,99],{"class":98},[47,3605,2393],{"class":1788},[47,3607,99],{"class":98},[47,3609,3610],{"class":102},"user_input",[47,3612,3106],{"class":98},[20,3614,144],{},[38,3616,3618],{"className":40,"code":3617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3619,3620,3626,3641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3621,3622,3624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3623,1033],{"class":57},[47,3625,268],{"class":80},[47,3627,3628,3630,3632,3634,3637,3639],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3629,3482],{"class":57},[47,3631,3485],{"class":2266},[47,3633,3488],{"class":61},[47,3635,3636],{"class":65},"str",[47,3638,3493],{"class":61},[47,3640,3496],{"class":57},[47,3642,3643],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,3644,3645],{"class":80},"3.7\n",[33,3647,1969],{"id":1968},[447,3649,3651],{"id":3650},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3653,3654],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[447,3656,3658],{"id":3657},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3660,3661],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[447,3663,3665],{"id":3664},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3667,3668],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[447,3670,3672],{"id":3671},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3674,3675,3677,3678,3072,3680,3682,3683,445],{},[15,3676,1408],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3679,3071],{},[15,3681,3078],{}," before using ",[15,3684,2186],{},[447,3686,3688],{"id":3687},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3690,3691],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[33,3693,2075],{"id":2074},[187,3695,3696,3702,3708,3714,3719],{},[190,3697,3698],{},[594,3699,3700,2088],{"href":3068},[15,3701,3071],{},[190,3703,3704],{},[594,3705,3706,2088],{"href":3075},[15,3707,3078],{},[190,3709,3710],{},[594,3711,3712,2088],{"href":2497},[15,3713,2500],{},[190,3715,3716],{},[594,3717,3718],{"href":3154},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[190,3720,3721],{},[594,3722,2617],{"href":2616},[2110,3724,3725],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":3727},[3728,3729,3730,3731,3732,3733,3739,3745,3746,3753],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":2299,"depth":72,"text":2300},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":2505,"depth":72,"text":2506},{"id":2620,"depth":72,"text":2621},{"id":2723,"depth":72,"text":2724,"children":3734},[3735,3736,3737,3738],{"id":2732,"depth":84,"text":2733},{"id":2831,"depth":84,"text":2832},{"id":2880,"depth":84,"text":2881},{"id":2947,"depth":84,"text":2948},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":3740},[3741,3742,3743,3744],{"id":3026,"depth":84,"text":3027},{"id":3158,"depth":84,"text":3159},{"id":3200,"depth":84,"text":3201},{"id":3319,"depth":84,"text":3320},{"id":3370,"depth":72,"text":3371},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":3747},[3748,3749,3750,3751,3752],{"id":3650,"depth":84,"text":3651},{"id":3657,"depth":84,"text":3658},{"id":3664,"depth":84,"text":3665},{"id":3671,"depth":84,"text":3672},{"id":3687,"depth":84,"text":3688},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2176,"description":3754},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3761,"title":3762,"body":3763,"description":5465,"extension":2167,"meta":5466,"navigation":87,"path":5467,"seo":5468,"stem":5469,"__hash__":5470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3764,"toc":5429},[3765,3771,3777,3780,3797,3801,3859,3869,3874,3878,3896,3899,3916,3919,3923,3931,3948,3951,3990,3993,4000,4006,4081,4083,4115,4121,4125,4129,4168,4170,4179,4186,4190,4229,4231,4240,4250,4254,4310,4312,4320,4323,4326,4373,4375,4383,4389,4396,4401,4404,4407,4474,4476,4484,4487,4554,4556,4564,4578,4581,4592,4596,4602,4605,4607,4623,4625,4633,4636,4639,4642,4659,4662,4665,4695,4697,4710,4714,4718,4721,4736,4741,4744,4771,4778,4781,4821,4828,4834,4842,4845,4897,4904,4969,4974,4983,4986,5004,5010,5013,5155,5161,5166,5169,5180,5183,5239,5241,5249,5252,5310,5312,5320,5323,5334,5336,5343,5352,5359,5362,5368,5371,5379,5392,5394,5426],[10,3766,13,3768,18],{"id":3767},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3769,3770],{},"all()",[20,3772,3773,3774,3776],{},"Python’s ",[15,3775,3770],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3778,3779],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[187,3781,3782,3785,3788],{},[190,3783,3784],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[190,3786,3787],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[190,3789,3790,1270,3793,3796],{},[15,3791,3792],{},"all([])",[15,3794,3795],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[33,3798,3800],{"id":3799},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[38,3802,3804],{"className":40,"code":3803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3805,3806,3829,3844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3807,3808,3811,3813,3816,3818,3820,3822,3824,3826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3809,3810],{"class":53},"numbers ",[47,3812,58],{"class":57},[47,3814,3815],{"class":98}," [",[47,3817,1476],{"class":80},[47,3819,136],{"class":98},[47,3821,1562],{"class":80},[47,3823,136],{"class":98},[47,3825,249],{"class":80},[47,3827,3828],{"class":98},"]\n",[47,3830,3831,3833,3835,3838,3840,3842],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,3832,1290],{"class":53},[47,3834,58],{"class":57},[47,3836,3837],{"class":94}," all",[47,3839,99],{"class":98},[47,3841,195],{"class":102},[47,3843,106],{"class":98},[47,3845,3846,3848,3850,3852,3855],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,3847,95],{"class":94},[47,3849,99],{"class":98},[47,3851,1315],{"class":102},[47,3853,3854],{"class":98},")",[47,3856,3858],{"class":3857},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3860,3861,1270,3863,3865,3866,445],{},[15,3862,3770],{},[15,3864,3795],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3867,3868],{},"False",[33,3870,174,3872,177],{"id":3871},"what-all-does",[15,3873,3770],{},[20,3875,3876,420],{},[15,3877,3770],{},[187,3879,3880,3883,3888,3893],{},[190,3881,3882],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[190,3884,282,3885,3887],{},[15,3886,3795],{}," if all items are truthy",[190,3889,282,3890,3892],{},[15,3891,3868],{}," if any item is falsy",[190,3894,3895],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3897,3898],{},"Basic syntax:",[38,3900,3902],{"className":40,"code":3901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3903,3904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,3905,3906,3909,3911,3914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,3907,3908],{"class":94},"all",[47,3910,99],{"class":98},[47,3912,3913],{"class":102},"iterable",[47,3915,106],{"class":98},[20,3917,3918],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[33,3920,3922],{"id":3921},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3924,3925,3926,3072,3928,3930],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3927,3795],{},[15,3929,3868],{}," in conditions.",[187,3932,3933,3941],{},[190,3934,3935,3938,3939],{},[280,3936,3937],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3940,3795],{},[190,3942,3943,3938,3946],{},[280,3944,3945],{},"Falsy",[15,3947,3868],{},[20,3949,3950],{},"Common falsy values include:",[187,3952,3953,3957,3962,3967,3971,3975,3980,3985],{},[190,3954,3955],{},[15,3956,2321],{},[190,3958,3959],{},[15,3960,3961],{},"0.0",[190,3963,3964],{},[15,3965,3966],{},"''",[190,3968,3969],{},[15,3970,285],{},[190,3972,3973],{},[15,3974,3868],{},[190,3976,3977],{},[15,3978,3979],{},"[]",[190,3981,3982],{},[15,3983,3984],{},"{}",[190,3986,3987],{},[15,3988,3989],{},"set()",[20,3991,3992],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3994,3995,3996,445],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[594,3997,3999],{"href":3998},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4001,4002,4003,420],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4004,4005],{},"bool()",[38,4007,4009],{"className":40,"code":4008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4010,4011,4048,4052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4012,4013,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4027,4029,4032,4034,4036,4039,4041,4043,4046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4014,4015],{"class":53},"values ",[47,4017,58],{"class":57},[47,4019,3815],{"class":98},[47,4021,1476],{"class":80},[47,4023,136],{"class":98},[47,4025,4026],{"class":80}," 0",[47,4028,136],{"class":98},[47,4030,4031],{"class":61}," ''",[47,4033,136],{"class":98},[47,4035,3488],{"class":61},[47,4037,4038],{"class":65},"hello",[47,4040,3493],{"class":61},[47,4042,136],{"class":98},[47,4044,4045],{"class":1334}," None",[47,4047,3828],{"class":98},[47,4049,4050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4051,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,4053,4054,4056,4058,4061,4063,4065,4067,4070,4073,4075,4078],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,4055,95],{"class":94},[47,4057,3178],{"class":98},[47,4059,4060],{"class":1788},"bool",[47,4062,99],{"class":98},[47,4064,2374],{"class":102},[47,4066,3854],{"class":98},[47,4068,4069],{"class":1461}," for",[47,4071,4072],{"class":102}," x ",[47,4074,1468],{"class":1461},[47,4076,4077],{"class":102}," values",[47,4079,4080],{"class":98},"])\n",[20,4082,144],{},[38,4084,4086],{"className":40,"code":4085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4087,4088],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4089,4090,4093,4095,4097,4100,4102,4104,4106,4109,4111,4113],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4091,4092],{"class":98},"[",[47,4094,3795],{"class":1334},[47,4096,136],{"class":98},[47,4098,4099],{"class":1334}," False",[47,4101,136],{"class":98},[47,4103,4099],{"class":1334},[47,4105,136],{"class":98},[47,4107,4108],{"class":1334}," True",[47,4110,136],{"class":98},[47,4112,4099],{"class":1334},[47,4114,3828],{"class":98},[20,4116,4117,4118,4120],{},"This matters because ",[15,4119,3770],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[33,4122,4124],{"id":4123},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[447,4126,4128],{"id":4127},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[38,4130,4132],{"className":40,"code":4131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4133,4134,4154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4135,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150,4152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4137,3810],{"class":53},[47,4139,58],{"class":57},[47,4141,3815],{"class":98},[47,4143,1476],{"class":80},[47,4145,136],{"class":98},[47,4147,1562],{"class":80},[47,4149,136],{"class":98},[47,4151,249],{"class":80},[47,4153,3828],{"class":98},[47,4155,4156,4158,4160,4162,4164,4166],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4157,95],{"class":94},[47,4159,99],{"class":98},[47,4161,3908],{"class":94},[47,4163,99],{"class":98},[47,4165,195],{"class":102},[47,4167,1796],{"class":98},[20,4169,144],{},[38,4171,4173],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n",[15,4174,4175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4176,4177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4178,4172],{"class":1334},[20,4180,4181,4182,1270,4184,445],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4183,3770],{},[15,4185,3795],{},[447,4187,4189],{"id":4188},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[38,4191,4193],{"className":40,"code":4192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4194,4195,4215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4196,4197,4199,4201,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4198,3810],{"class":53},[47,4200,58],{"class":57},[47,4202,3815],{"class":98},[47,4204,1476],{"class":80},[47,4206,136],{"class":98},[47,4208,4026],{"class":80},[47,4210,136],{"class":98},[47,4212,249],{"class":80},[47,4214,3828],{"class":98},[47,4216,4217,4219,4221,4223,4225,4227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4218,95],{"class":94},[47,4220,99],{"class":98},[47,4222,3908],{"class":94},[47,4224,99],{"class":98},[47,4226,195],{"class":102},[47,4228,1796],{"class":98},[20,4230,144],{},[38,4232,4234],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\n",[15,4235,4236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4237,4238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4239,4233],{"class":1334},[20,4241,4242,4243,4245,4246,1270,4248,445],{},"The value ",[15,4244,2321],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4247,3770],{},[15,4249,3868],{},[447,4251,4253],{"id":4252},"example-strings","Example: strings",[38,4255,4257],{"className":40,"code":4256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4258,4259,4295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4260,4261,4264,4266,4268,4270,4273,4275,4277,4279,4282,4284,4286,4288,4291,4293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4262,4263],{"class":53},"words ",[47,4265,58],{"class":57},[47,4267,3815],{"class":98},[47,4269,3493],{"class":61},[47,4271,4272],{"class":65},"apple",[47,4274,3493],{"class":61},[47,4276,136],{"class":98},[47,4278,3488],{"class":61},[47,4280,4281],{"class":65},"banana",[47,4283,3493],{"class":61},[47,4285,136],{"class":98},[47,4287,3488],{"class":61},[47,4289,4290],{"class":65},"cherry",[47,4292,3493],{"class":61},[47,4294,3828],{"class":98},[47,4296,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4298,95],{"class":94},[47,4300,99],{"class":98},[47,4302,3908],{"class":94},[47,4304,99],{"class":98},[47,4306,4307],{"class":102},"words",[47,4309,1796],{"class":98},[20,4311,144],{},[38,4313,4314],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4315,4316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4317,4318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4319,4172],{"class":1334},[20,4321,4322],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4324,4325],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[38,4327,4329],{"className":40,"code":4328,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4330,4331,4359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4332,4333,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4334,4263],{"class":53},[47,4336,58],{"class":57},[47,4338,3815],{"class":98},[47,4340,3493],{"class":61},[47,4342,4272],{"class":65},[47,4344,3493],{"class":61},[47,4346,136],{"class":98},[47,4348,4031],{"class":61},[47,4350,136],{"class":98},[47,4352,3488],{"class":61},[47,4354,4290],{"class":65},[47,4356,3493],{"class":61},[47,4358,3828],{"class":98},[47,4360,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4362,95],{"class":94},[47,4364,99],{"class":98},[47,4366,3908],{"class":94},[47,4368,99],{"class":98},[47,4370,4307],{"class":102},[47,4372,1796],{"class":98},[20,4374,144],{},[38,4376,4377],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4378,4379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4380,4381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4382,4233],{"class":1334},[20,4384,4385,4386,4388],{},"The empty string ",[15,4387,3966],{}," is falsy.",[33,4390,4392,4393,4395],{"id":4391},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4394,3770],{}," works with conditions",[20,4397,4398,4400],{},[15,4399,3770],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4402,4403],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4405,4406],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[38,4408,4410],{"className":40,"code":4409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4411,4412,4432,4460,4464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4413,4414,4416,4418,4420,4422,4424,4426,4428,4430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4415,3810],{"class":53},[47,4417,58],{"class":57},[47,4419,3815],{"class":98},[47,4421,1476],{"class":80},[47,4423,136],{"class":98},[47,4425,1562],{"class":80},[47,4427,136],{"class":98},[47,4429,249],{"class":80},[47,4431,3828],{"class":98},[47,4433,4434,4436,4438,4440,4442,4444,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4458],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4435,1290],{"class":53},[47,4437,58],{"class":57},[47,4439,3837],{"class":94},[47,4441,99],{"class":98},[47,4443,3216],{"class":102},[47,4445,4446],{"class":57},">",[47,4448,4026],{"class":80},[47,4450,4069],{"class":1461},[47,4452,4072],{"class":102},[47,4454,1468],{"class":1461},[47,4456,4457],{"class":102}," numbers",[47,4459,106],{"class":98},[47,4461,4462],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,4463,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,4465,4466,4468,4470,4472],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,4467,95],{"class":94},[47,4469,99],{"class":98},[47,4471,1315],{"class":102},[47,4473,106],{"class":98},[20,4475,144],{},[38,4477,4478],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4479,4480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4481,4482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4483,4172],{"class":1334},[20,4485,4486],{},"Here is one that fails:",[38,4488,4490],{"className":40,"code":4489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4491,4492,4514,4540,4544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4493,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4495,3810],{"class":53},[47,4497,58],{"class":57},[47,4499,3815],{"class":98},[47,4501,1476],{"class":80},[47,4503,136],{"class":98},[47,4505,2422],{"class":57},[47,4507,243],{"class":80},[47,4509,136],{"class":98},[47,4511,249],{"class":80},[47,4513,3828],{"class":98},[47,4515,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4517,1290],{"class":53},[47,4519,58],{"class":57},[47,4521,3837],{"class":94},[47,4523,99],{"class":98},[47,4525,3216],{"class":102},[47,4527,4446],{"class":57},[47,4529,4026],{"class":80},[47,4531,4069],{"class":1461},[47,4533,4072],{"class":102},[47,4535,1468],{"class":1461},[47,4537,4457],{"class":102},[47,4539,106],{"class":98},[47,4541,4542],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,4543,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,4545,4546,4548,4550,4552],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,4547,95],{"class":94},[47,4549,99],{"class":98},[47,4551,1315],{"class":102},[47,4553,106],{"class":98},[20,4555,144],{},[38,4557,4558],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4559,4560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4561,4562],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4563,4233],{"class":1334},[20,4565,4566,4567,4570,4571,4573,4574,1270,4576,445],{},"The expression ",[15,4568,4569],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4572,3795],{},", then ",[15,4575,3770],{},[15,4577,3795],{},[20,4579,4580],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4582,4583,4584,839,4588,445],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[594,4585,4587],{"href":4586},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[594,4589,4591],{"href":4590},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[33,4593,4595],{"id":4594},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4597,4598,1270,4600,445],{},[15,4599,3792],{},[15,4601,3795],{},[20,4603,4604],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4606,204],{},[38,4608,4610],{"className":40,"code":4609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4611,4612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4613,4614,4616,4618,4620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4615,95],{"class":94},[47,4617,99],{"class":98},[47,4619,3908],{"class":94},[47,4621,4622],{"class":98},"([]))\n",[20,4624,144],{},[38,4626,4627],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4628,4629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4630,4631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4632,4172],{"class":1334},[20,4634,4635],{},"Why?",[20,4637,4638],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4640,4641],{},"Think of it this way:",[187,4643,4644,4651,4654],{},[190,4645,4646,1270,4648,4650],{},[15,4647,3770],{},[15,4649,3868],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[190,4652,4653],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[190,4655,4656,4657],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4658,3868],{},[20,4660,4661],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4663,4664],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[38,4666,4668],{"className":40,"code":4667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4669,4670,4681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4671,4672,4674,4676,4678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4673,95],{"class":94},[47,4675,99],{"class":98},[47,4677,3908],{"class":94},[47,4679,4680],{"class":98},"(()))\n",[47,4682,4683,4685,4687,4689,4691,4693],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4684,95],{"class":94},[47,4686,99],{"class":98},[47,4688,3908],{"class":94},[47,4690,99],{"class":98},[47,4692,3966],{"class":61},[47,4694,1796],{"class":98},[20,4696,144],{},[38,4698,4700],{"className":40,"code":4699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4701,4702,4706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4703,4704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4705,4172],{"class":1334},[47,4707,4708],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4709,4172],{"class":1334},[33,4711,4713],{"id":4712},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[447,4715,4717],{"id":4716},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4719,4720],{},"This is wrong:",[38,4722,4724],{"className":40,"code":4723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4725,4726,4731],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4727,4728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4729,4730],{"class":3857},"# Wrong\n",[47,4732,4733],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4734,4735],{"class":3857},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4737,4738,4740],{},[15,4739,3770],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4742,4743],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[38,4745,4747],{"className":40,"code":4746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4748,4749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4750,4751,4753,4755,4757,4759,4761,4763,4765,4767,4769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4752,95],{"class":94},[47,4754,99],{"class":98},[47,4756,3908],{"class":94},[47,4758,3178],{"class":98},[47,4760,1476],{"class":80},[47,4762,136],{"class":98},[47,4764,1562],{"class":80},[47,4766,136],{"class":98},[47,4768,249],{"class":80},[47,4770,3191],{"class":98},[447,4772,4774,4775,4777],{"id":4773},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4776,3770],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4779,4780],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[38,4782,4784],{"className":40,"code":4783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4785,4786,4807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4787,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4801,4803,4805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4789,3810],{"class":53},[47,4791,58],{"class":57},[47,4793,3815],{"class":98},[47,4795,232],{"class":80},[47,4797,136],{"class":98},[47,4799,4800],{"class":80}," 5",[47,4802,136],{"class":98},[47,4804,4800],{"class":80},[47,4806,3828],{"class":98},[47,4808,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817,4819],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4810,95],{"class":94},[47,4812,99],{"class":98},[47,4814,3908],{"class":94},[47,4816,99],{"class":98},[47,4818,195],{"class":102},[47,4820,1796],{"class":98},[20,4822,4823,4824,4827],{},"This does ",[280,4825,4826],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4829,4830,4831,4833],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4832,232],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[38,4835,4836],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,4837,4838],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4839,4840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4841,4172],{"class":1334},[20,4843,4844],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[38,4846,4848],{"className":40,"code":4847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4849,4850,4870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4851,4852,4854,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4853,3810],{"class":53},[47,4855,58],{"class":57},[47,4857,3815],{"class":98},[47,4859,232],{"class":80},[47,4861,136],{"class":98},[47,4863,4800],{"class":80},[47,4865,136],{"class":98},[47,4867,4800],{"class":80},[47,4869,3828],{"class":98},[47,4871,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4873,95],{"class":94},[47,4875,99],{"class":98},[47,4877,3908],{"class":94},[47,4879,99],{"class":98},[47,4881,3216],{"class":102},[47,4883,4884],{"class":57},"==",[47,4886,4800],{"class":80},[47,4888,4069],{"class":1461},[47,4890,4072],{"class":102},[47,4892,1468],{"class":1461},[47,4894,4457],{"class":102},[47,4896,1796],{"class":98},[447,4898,4900,4901,4903],{"id":4899},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4902,2321],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[38,4905,4907],{"className":40,"code":4906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4908,4909,4935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4910,4911,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4912,95],{"class":94},[47,4914,99],{"class":98},[47,4916,3908],{"class":94},[47,4918,3178],{"class":98},[47,4920,1476],{"class":80},[47,4922,136],{"class":98},[47,4924,1562],{"class":80},[47,4926,136],{"class":98},[47,4928,4026],{"class":80},[47,4930,4931],{"class":98},"]))",[47,4933,4934],{"class":3857},"       # False\n",[47,4936,4937,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,4938,95],{"class":94},[47,4940,99],{"class":98},[47,4942,3908],{"class":94},[47,4944,3178],{"class":98},[47,4946,3493],{"class":61},[47,4948,594],{"class":65},[47,4950,3493],{"class":61},[47,4952,136],{"class":98},[47,4954,3488],{"class":61},[47,4956,4957],{"class":65},"b",[47,4959,3493],{"class":61},[47,4961,136],{"class":98},[47,4963,4031],{"class":61},[47,4965,4931],{"class":98},[47,4967,4968],{"class":3857},"  # False\n",[20,4970,4971,4972,445],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4973,3868],{},[447,4975,4977,4978,4980,4981],{"id":4976},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4979,3792],{}," is ",[15,4982,3795],{},[20,4984,4985],{},"This is expected behavior:",[38,4987,4989],{"className":40,"code":4988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4990,4991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,4992,4993,4995,4997,4999,5002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,4994,95],{"class":94},[47,4996,99],{"class":98},[47,4998,3908],{"class":94},[47,5000,5001],{"class":98},"([]))",[47,5003,3858],{"class":3857},[20,5005,5006,5007,5009],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5008,3795],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5011,5012],{},"Useful quick tests:",[38,5014,5016],{"className":40,"code":5015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5017,5018,5040,5062,5109,5145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5021,95],{"class":94},[47,5023,99],{"class":98},[47,5025,3908],{"class":94},[47,5027,3178],{"class":98},[47,5029,1476],{"class":80},[47,5031,136],{"class":98},[47,5033,1562],{"class":80},[47,5035,136],{"class":98},[47,5037,249],{"class":80},[47,5039,3191],{"class":98},[47,5041,5042,5044,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5043,95],{"class":94},[47,5045,99],{"class":98},[47,5047,3908],{"class":94},[47,5049,3178],{"class":98},[47,5051,1476],{"class":80},[47,5053,136],{"class":98},[47,5055,4026],{"class":80},[47,5057,136],{"class":98},[47,5059,249],{"class":80},[47,5061,3191],{"class":98},[47,5063,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,5065,95],{"class":94},[47,5067,3178],{"class":98},[47,5069,4060],{"class":1788},[47,5071,99],{"class":98},[47,5073,2374],{"class":102},[47,5075,3854],{"class":98},[47,5077,4069],{"class":1461},[47,5079,4072],{"class":102},[47,5081,1468],{"class":1461},[47,5083,3815],{"class":98},[47,5085,1476],{"class":80},[47,5087,136],{"class":98},[47,5089,4026],{"class":80},[47,5091,136],{"class":98},[47,5093,4031],{"class":61},[47,5095,136],{"class":98},[47,5097,3488],{"class":61},[47,5099,4038],{"class":65},[47,5101,3493],{"class":61},[47,5103,136],{"class":98},[47,5105,4045],{"class":1334},[47,5107,5108],{"class":98},"]])\n",[47,5110,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127,5129,5131,5133,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,5112,95],{"class":94},[47,5114,99],{"class":98},[47,5116,3908],{"class":94},[47,5118,99],{"class":98},[47,5120,3216],{"class":102},[47,5122,4446],{"class":57},[47,5124,4026],{"class":80},[47,5126,4069],{"class":1461},[47,5128,4072],{"class":102},[47,5130,1468],{"class":1461},[47,5132,3815],{"class":98},[47,5134,1476],{"class":80},[47,5136,136],{"class":98},[47,5138,1562],{"class":80},[47,5140,136],{"class":98},[47,5142,249],{"class":80},[47,5144,3191],{"class":98},[47,5146,5147,5149,5151,5153],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,5148,95],{"class":94},[47,5150,99],{"class":98},[47,5152,3908],{"class":94},[47,5154,4622],{"class":98},[33,5156,5158,5159],{"id":5157},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5160,3770],{},[20,5162,5163,5165],{},[15,5164,3770],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5167,5168],{},"Common use cases:",[187,5170,5171,5174,5177],{},[190,5172,5173],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[190,5175,5176],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[190,5178,5179],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5181,5182],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[38,5184,5186],{"className":40,"code":5185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5187,5188,5224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5189,5190,5193,5195,5197,5199,5202,5204,5206,5208,5211,5213,5215,5217,5220,5222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5191,5192],{"class":53},"names ",[47,5194,58],{"class":57},[47,5196,3815],{"class":98},[47,5198,3493],{"class":61},[47,5200,5201],{"class":65},"Alice",[47,5203,3493],{"class":61},[47,5205,136],{"class":98},[47,5207,3488],{"class":61},[47,5209,5210],{"class":65},"Bob",[47,5212,3493],{"class":61},[47,5214,136],{"class":98},[47,5216,3488],{"class":61},[47,5218,5219],{"class":65},"Charlie",[47,5221,3493],{"class":61},[47,5223,3828],{"class":98},[47,5225,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5237],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5227,95],{"class":94},[47,5229,99],{"class":98},[47,5231,3908],{"class":94},[47,5233,99],{"class":98},[47,5235,5236],{"class":102},"names",[47,5238,1796],{"class":98},[20,5240,144],{},[38,5242,5243],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5244,5245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5246,5247],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5248,4172],{"class":1334},[20,5250,5251],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[38,5253,5255],{"className":40,"code":5254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5256,5257,5281],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5258,5259,5262,5264,5266,5269,5271,5274,5276,5279],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5260,5261],{"class":53},"scores ",[47,5263,58],{"class":57},[47,5265,3815],{"class":98},[47,5267,5268],{"class":80},"75",[47,5270,136],{"class":98},[47,5272,5273],{"class":80}," 80",[47,5275,136],{"class":98},[47,5277,5278],{"class":80}," 50",[47,5280,3828],{"class":98},[47,5282,5283,5285,5287,5289,5291,5293,5296,5298,5300,5303,5305,5308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5284,95],{"class":94},[47,5286,99],{"class":98},[47,5288,3908],{"class":94},[47,5290,99],{"class":98},[47,5292,534],{"class":102},[47,5294,5295],{"class":57},">=",[47,5297,5278],{"class":80},[47,5299,4069],{"class":1461},[47,5301,5302],{"class":102}," score ",[47,5304,1468],{"class":1461},[47,5306,5307],{"class":102}," scores",[47,5309,1796],{"class":98},[20,5311,144],{},[38,5313,5314],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5315,5316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5317,5318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5319,4172],{"class":1334},[20,5321,5322],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5324,5325,5326,839,5330,445],{},"For related tasks, see ",[594,5327,5329],{"href":5328},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[594,5331,5333],{"href":5332},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5335,1969],{"id":1968},[447,5337,5339,5340,5342],{"id":5338},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5341,3770],{}," return in Python?",[20,5344,5345,5346,5348,5349,5351],{},"It returns ",[15,5347,3795],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5350,3868],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[447,5353,2002,5355,2006,5357,2009],{"id":5354},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5356,3792],{},[15,5358,3795],{},[20,5360,5361],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[447,5363,1989,5365,5367],{"id":5364},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5366,3770],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5369,5370],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[447,5372,2055,5374,839,5376,2009],{"id":5373},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5375,3770],{},[15,5377,5378],{},"any()",[20,5380,5381,5383,5384,5386,5387,445],{},[15,5382,3770],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5385,5378],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[594,5388,13,5390,2088],{"href":5389},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5391,5378],{},[33,5393,2075],{"id":2074},[187,5395,5396,5402,5406,5411,5416,5421],{},[190,5397,5398],{},[594,5399,13,5400,2088],{"href":5389},[15,5401,5378],{},[190,5403,5404],{},[594,5405,3999],{"href":3998},[190,5407,5408],{},[594,5409,5410],{"href":5332},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[190,5412,5413],{},[594,5414,5415],{"href":5328},"How to filter a list in Python",[190,5417,5418],{},[594,5419,5420],{"href":4586},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[190,5422,5423],{},[594,5424,5425],{"href":4590},"What is an iterable in Python",[2110,5427,5428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":5430},[5431,5432,5434,5435,5440,5442,5443,5452,5454,5464],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":3871,"depth":72,"text":5433},"What all() does",{"id":3921,"depth":72,"text":3922},{"id":4123,"depth":72,"text":4124,"children":5436},[5437,5438,5439],{"id":4127,"depth":84,"text":4128},{"id":4188,"depth":84,"text":4189},{"id":4252,"depth":84,"text":4253},{"id":4391,"depth":72,"text":5441},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4594,"depth":72,"text":4595},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":5444},[5445,5446,5448,5450],{"id":4716,"depth":84,"text":4717},{"id":4773,"depth":84,"text":5447},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4899,"depth":84,"text":5449},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4976,"depth":84,"text":5451},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5157,"depth":72,"text":5453},"When to use all()",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":5455},[5456,5458,5460,5462],{"id":5338,"depth":84,"text":5457},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5354,"depth":84,"text":5459},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5364,"depth":84,"text":5461},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5373,"depth":84,"text":5463},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3762,"description":5465},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5472,"title":5473,"body":5474,"description":7162,"extension":2167,"meta":7163,"navigation":87,"path":5389,"seo":7164,"stem":7165,"__hash__":7166},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5475,"toc":7140},[5476,5479,5487,5490,5507,5515,5559,5568,5572,5577,5580,5597,5600,5611,5623,5627,5630,5645,5650,5653,5665,5668,5752,5755,5776,5782,5784,5792,5806,5808,5842,5844,5847,5908,5910,5927,5930,5957,5959,5967,5979,5983,5986,6025,6027,6035,6037,6053,6061,6064,6107,6109,6117,6122,6126,6134,6137,6163,6166,6169,6242,6244,6252,6259,6283,6294,6297,6376,6378,6386,6393,6397,6402,6417,6419,6427,6430,6436,6439,6484,6486,6503,6507,6512,6523,6526,6640,6643,6702,6708,6710,6715,6719,6721,6740,6746,6749,6768,6772,6781,6808,6810,6818,6826,6830,6836,6859,6861,6869,6876,6880,6883,6934,6937,6988,6991,6993,6997,7004,7008,7015,7019,7027,7031,7034,7056,7058,7108,7110,7137],[10,5477,5473],{"id":5478},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5480,5481,5483,5484,445],{},[15,5482,5378],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[280,5485,5486],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5488,5489],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[187,5491,5492,5495,5498,5501,5504],{},[190,5493,5494],{},"lists",[190,5496,5497],{},"tuples",[190,5499,5500],{},"sets",[190,5502,5503],{},"strings",[190,5505,5506],{},"generator expressions",[20,5508,5509,5510,3072,5512,5514],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5511,3795],{},[15,5513,3868],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[38,5516,5518],{"className":40,"code":5517,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5519,5520,5540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5521,5522,5524,5526,5528,5530,5532,5534,5536,5538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5523,4015],{"class":53},[47,5525,58],{"class":57},[47,5527,3815],{"class":98},[47,5529,2321],{"class":80},[47,5531,136],{"class":98},[47,5533,4031],{"class":61},[47,5535,136],{"class":98},[47,5537,4800],{"class":80},[47,5539,3828],{"class":98},[47,5541,5542,5544,5546,5549,5551,5554,5557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5543,95],{"class":94},[47,5545,99],{"class":98},[47,5547,5548],{"class":94},"any",[47,5550,99],{"class":98},[47,5552,5553],{"class":102},"values",[47,5555,5556],{"class":98},"))",[47,5558,3858],{"class":3857},[20,5560,167,5561,5564,5565,5567],{},[15,5562,5563],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5566,3795],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[33,5569,5571],{"id":5570},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5573,5574,5576],{},[15,5575,5378],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5578,5579],{},"It returns:",[187,5581,5582,5587,5592],{},[190,5583,5584,5586],{},[15,5585,3795],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[190,5588,5589,5591],{},[15,5590,3868],{}," if all items are falsy",[190,5593,5594,5596],{},[15,5595,3868],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5598,5599],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[187,5601,5602,5605,5608],{},[190,5603,5604],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[190,5606,5607],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[190,5609,5610],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5612,5613,5614,5617,5618,445],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[280,5615,5616],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[594,5619,5621],{"href":5620},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5622,3770],{},[33,5624,5626],{"id":5625},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5628,5629],{},"The syntax is simple:",[38,5631,5633],{"className":40,"code":5632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5634,5635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5636,5637,5639,5641,5643],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5638,5548],{"class":94},[47,5640,99],{"class":98},[47,5642,3913],{"class":102},[47,5644,106],{"class":98},[20,5646,5647,5648,445],{},"The argument must be an ",[280,5649,3913],{},[20,5651,5652],{},"Common inputs include:",[187,5654,5655,5657,5659,5661,5663],{},[190,5656,5494],{},[190,5658,5497],{},[190,5660,5500],{},[190,5662,5503],{},[190,5664,5506],{},[20,5666,5667],{},"For example:",[38,5669,5671],{"className":40,"code":5670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5672,5673,5695,5714,5734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5674,5675,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687,5689,5691,5693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5676,95],{"class":94},[47,5678,99],{"class":98},[47,5680,5548],{"class":94},[47,5682,3178],{"class":98},[47,5684,2321],{"class":80},[47,5686,136],{"class":98},[47,5688,4026],{"class":80},[47,5690,136],{"class":98},[47,5692,1545],{"class":80},[47,5694,3191],{"class":98},[47,5696,5697,5699,5701,5703,5706,5708,5710,5712],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5698,95],{"class":94},[47,5700,99],{"class":98},[47,5702,5548],{"class":94},[47,5704,5705],{"class":98},"((",[47,5707,3868],{"class":1334},[47,5709,136],{"class":98},[47,5711,4099],{"class":1334},[47,5713,3106],{"class":98},[47,5715,5716,5718,5720,5722,5725,5727,5729,5731],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,5717,95],{"class":94},[47,5719,99],{"class":98},[47,5721,5548],{"class":94},[47,5723,5724],{"class":98},"({",[47,5726,2321],{"class":80},[47,5728,136],{"class":98},[47,5730,1562],{"class":80},[47,5732,5733],{"class":98},"}))\n",[47,5735,5736,5738,5740,5742,5744,5746,5748,5750],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,5737,95],{"class":94},[47,5739,99],{"class":98},[47,5741,5548],{"class":94},[47,5743,99],{"class":98},[47,5745,128],{"class":61},[47,5747,4038],{"class":65},[47,5749,128],{"class":61},[47,5751,1796],{"class":98},[20,5753,5754],{},"Expected output:",[38,5756,5758],{"className":40,"code":5757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5759,5760,5764,5768,5772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5761,5762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5763,4172],{"class":1334},[47,5765,5766],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5767,4233],{"class":1334},[47,5769,5770],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,5771,4172],{"class":1334},[47,5773,5774],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,5775,4172],{"class":1334},[20,5777,5778,5779,445],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[594,5780,5333],{"href":5781},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[33,5783,3922],{"id":3921},[20,5785,3925,5786,3072,5789,3930],{},[280,5787,5788],{},"truthy",[280,5790,5791],{},"falsy",[187,5793,5794,5800],{},[190,5795,5796,3938,5798],{},[280,5797,3937],{},[15,5799,3795],{},[190,5801,5802,3938,5804],{},[280,5803,3945],{},[15,5805,3868],{},[20,5807,3950],{},[187,5809,5810,5814,5818,5822,5826,5830,5834,5838],{},[190,5811,5812],{},[15,5813,3868],{},[190,5815,5816],{},[15,5817,2321],{},[190,5819,5820],{},[15,5821,3961],{},[190,5823,5824],{},[15,5825,3966],{},[190,5827,5828],{},[15,5829,3979],{},[190,5831,5832],{},[15,5833,3984],{},[190,5835,5836],{},[15,5837,3989],{},[190,5839,5840],{},[15,5841,285],{},[20,5843,3992],{},[20,5845,5846],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[38,5848,5850],{"className":40,"code":5849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5851,5852,5866,5884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5853,5854,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5855,95],{"class":94},[47,5857,99],{"class":98},[47,5859,5548],{"class":94},[47,5861,3178],{"class":98},[47,5863,1476],{"class":80},[47,5865,3191],{"class":98},[47,5867,5868,5870,5872,5874,5876,5878,5880,5882],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5869,95],{"class":94},[47,5871,99],{"class":98},[47,5873,5548],{"class":94},[47,5875,3178],{"class":98},[47,5877,3493],{"class":61},[47,5879,4038],{"class":65},[47,5881,3493],{"class":61},[47,5883,3191],{"class":98},[47,5885,5886,5888,5890,5892,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,5887,95],{"class":94},[47,5889,99],{"class":98},[47,5891,5548],{"class":94},[47,5893,5894],{"class":98},"([[",[47,5896,1476],{"class":80},[47,5898,136],{"class":98},[47,5900,1562],{"class":80},[47,5902,136],{"class":98},[47,5904,249],{"class":80},[47,5906,5907],{"class":98},"]]))\n",[20,5909,5754],{},[38,5911,5913],{"className":40,"code":5912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5914,5915,5919,5923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5916,5917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5918,4172],{"class":1334},[47,5920,5921],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,5922,4172],{"class":1334},[47,5924,5925],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,5926,4172],{"class":1334},[20,5928,5929],{},"And these are all falsy:",[38,5931,5933],{"className":40,"code":5932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5934,5935],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5936,5937,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949,5951,5953,5955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5938,95],{"class":94},[47,5940,99],{"class":98},[47,5942,5548],{"class":94},[47,5944,3178],{"class":98},[47,5946,2321],{"class":80},[47,5948,136],{"class":98},[47,5950,4031],{"class":61},[47,5952,136],{"class":98},[47,5954,4045],{"class":1334},[47,5956,3191],{"class":98},[20,5958,5754],{},[38,5960,5961],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,5962,5963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5964,5965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5966,4233],{"class":1334},[20,5968,5969,5970,839,5973,445],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[594,5971,3999],{"href":5972},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[594,5974,5976,5978],{"href":5975},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5977,4005],{}," explained",[33,5980,5982],{"id":5981},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5984,5985],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[38,5987,5989],{"className":40,"code":5988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5990,5991,6011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,5992,5993,5995,5997,5999,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,5994,4015],{"class":53},[47,5996,58],{"class":57},[47,5998,3815],{"class":98},[47,6000,2321],{"class":80},[47,6002,136],{"class":98},[47,6004,4031],{"class":61},[47,6006,136],{"class":98},[47,6008,4800],{"class":80},[47,6010,3828],{"class":98},[47,6012,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6014,95],{"class":94},[47,6016,99],{"class":98},[47,6018,5548],{"class":94},[47,6020,99],{"class":98},[47,6022,5553],{"class":102},[47,6024,1796],{"class":98},[20,6026,144],{},[38,6028,6029],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6030,6031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6032,6033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6034,4172],{"class":1334},[20,6036,4635],{},[187,6038,6039,6044,6048],{},[190,6040,6041,6043],{},[15,6042,2321],{}," is falsy",[190,6045,6046,6043],{},[15,6047,3966],{},[190,6049,6050,6052],{},[15,6051,232],{}," is truthy",[20,6054,6055,6056,1270,6059,445],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6057,6058],{},"any(values)",[15,6060,3795],{},[20,6062,6063],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[38,6065,6067],{"className":40,"code":6066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6068,6069,6093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6070,6071,6073,6075,6077,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6072,4015],{"class":53},[47,6074,58],{"class":57},[47,6076,3815],{"class":98},[47,6078,2321],{"class":80},[47,6080,136],{"class":98},[47,6082,4031],{"class":61},[47,6084,136],{"class":98},[47,6086,4045],{"class":1334},[47,6088,136],{"class":98},[47,6090,4099],{"class":1334},[47,6092,3828],{"class":98},[47,6094,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6096,95],{"class":94},[47,6098,99],{"class":98},[47,6100,5548],{"class":94},[47,6102,99],{"class":98},[47,6104,5553],{"class":102},[47,6106,1796],{"class":98},[20,6108,144],{},[38,6110,6111],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6112,6113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6114,6115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6116,4233],{"class":1334},[20,6118,6119,6120,445],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6121,3868],{},[33,6123,6125],{"id":6124},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6127,6128,6130,6131,445],{},[15,6129,5378],{}," is often used with a ",[280,6132,6133],{},"generator expression",[20,6135,6136],{},"This is a common pattern:",[38,6138,6140],{"className":40,"code":6139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6141,6142],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6143,6144,6146,6148,6151,6153,6156,6158,6161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6145,5548],{"class":94},[47,6147,99],{"class":98},[47,6149,6150],{"class":102},"condition ",[47,6152,1462],{"class":1461},[47,6154,6155],{"class":102}," item ",[47,6157,1468],{"class":1461},[47,6159,6160],{"class":102}," items",[47,6162,106],{"class":98},[20,6164,6165],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6167,6168],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[38,6170,6172],{"className":40,"code":6171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6173,6174,6201,6205,6232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6175,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6189,6191,6193,6195,6197,6199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6177,3810],{"class":53},[47,6179,58],{"class":57},[47,6181,3815],{"class":98},[47,6183,2700],{"class":80},[47,6185,136],{"class":98},[47,6187,6188],{"class":80}," 7",[47,6190,136],{"class":98},[47,6192,2422],{"class":57},[47,6194,243],{"class":80},[47,6196,136],{"class":98},[47,6198,373],{"class":80},[47,6200,3828],{"class":98},[47,6202,6203],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6204,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,6206,6207,6209,6211,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,6208,1290],{"class":53},[47,6210,58],{"class":57},[47,6212,6213],{"class":94}," any",[47,6215,99],{"class":98},[47,6217,3216],{"class":102},[47,6219,3482],{"class":57},[47,6221,4026],{"class":80},[47,6223,4069],{"class":1461},[47,6225,4072],{"class":102},[47,6227,1468],{"class":1461},[47,6229,4457],{"class":102},[47,6231,106],{"class":98},[47,6233,6234,6236,6238,6240],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,6235,95],{"class":94},[47,6237,99],{"class":98},[47,6239,1315],{"class":102},[47,6241,106],{"class":98},[20,6243,144],{},[38,6245,6246],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6247,6248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6249,6250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6251,4172],{"class":1334},[20,6253,6254,6255,6258],{},"This works because ",[15,6256,6257],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[187,6260,6261,6269,6276],{},[190,6262,6263,6266,6267],{},[15,6264,6265],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6268,3868],{},[190,6270,6271,6266,6274],{},[15,6272,6273],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6275,3868],{},[190,6277,6278,6266,6281],{},[15,6279,6280],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6282,3795],{},[20,6284,6285,6286,6288,6289,6291,6292,445],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6287,3795],{}," result, ",[15,6290,5378],{}," can return ",[15,6293,3795],{},[20,6295,6296],{},"Here is another example:",[38,6298,6300],{"className":40,"code":6299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6301,6302,6331,6335,6365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6303,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6305,4263],{"class":53},[47,6307,58],{"class":57},[47,6309,3815],{"class":98},[47,6311,128],{"class":61},[47,6313,4272],{"class":65},[47,6315,128],{"class":61},[47,6317,136],{"class":98},[47,6319,6320],{"class":61}," \"\"",[47,6322,136],{"class":98},[47,6324,62],{"class":61},[47,6326,4281],{"class":65},[47,6328,128],{"class":61},[47,6330,3828],{"class":98},[47,6332,6333],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6334,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,6336,6337,6340,6342,6344,6346,6349,6351,6353,6355,6358,6360,6363],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,6338,6339],{"class":53},"has_empty_string ",[47,6341,58],{"class":57},[47,6343,6213],{"class":94},[47,6345,99],{"class":98},[47,6347,6348],{"class":102},"word ",[47,6350,4884],{"class":57},[47,6352,6320],{"class":61},[47,6354,4069],{"class":1461},[47,6356,6357],{"class":102}," word ",[47,6359,1468],{"class":1461},[47,6361,6362],{"class":102}," words",[47,6364,106],{"class":98},[47,6366,6367,6369,6371,6374],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,6368,95],{"class":94},[47,6370,99],{"class":98},[47,6372,6373],{"class":102},"has_empty_string",[47,6375,106],{"class":98},[20,6377,144],{},[38,6379,6380],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6381,6382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6383,6384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6385,4172],{"class":1334},[20,6387,6388,6389,445],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[594,6390,6392],{"href":6391},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6394,6396],{"id":6395},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6398,6399,6400,420],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6401,3868],{},[38,6403,6405],{"className":40,"code":6404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6406,6407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6408,6409,6411,6413,6415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6410,95],{"class":94},[47,6412,99],{"class":98},[47,6414,5548],{"class":94},[47,6416,4622],{"class":98},[20,6418,144],{},[38,6420,6421],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6422,6423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6424,6425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6426,4233],{"class":1334},[20,6428,6429],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6431,6432,6433,6435],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6434,5378],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6437,6438],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[38,6440,6442],{"className":40,"code":6441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6443,6444,6454,6468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6445,6446,6448,6450,6452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6447,95],{"class":94},[47,6449,99],{"class":98},[47,6451,5548],{"class":94},[47,6453,4680],{"class":98},[47,6455,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464,6466],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6457,95],{"class":94},[47,6459,99],{"class":98},[47,6461,5548],{"class":94},[47,6463,99],{"class":98},[47,6465,1151],{"class":61},[47,6467,1796],{"class":98},[47,6469,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6481],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,6471,95],{"class":94},[47,6473,99],{"class":98},[47,6475,5548],{"class":94},[47,6477,99],{"class":98},[47,6479,6480],{"class":1788},"set",[47,6482,6483],{"class":98},"()))\n",[20,6485,144],{},[38,6487,6489],{"className":40,"code":6488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6490,6491,6495,6499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6492,6493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6494,4233],{"class":1334},[47,6496,6497],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6498,4233],{"class":1334},[47,6500,6501],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,6502,4233],{"class":1334},[33,6504,6506],{"id":6505},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6508,167,6509,6511],{},[15,6510,5378],{}," when you want to:",[187,6513,6514,6517,6520],{},[190,6515,6516],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[190,6518,6519],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[190,6521,6522],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6524,6525],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[38,6527,6529],{"className":40,"code":6528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6530,6531,6556,6560,6570,6574,6587,6606,6617,6623,6628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6532,6533,6535,6537,6539,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551,6554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6534,3810],{"class":53},[47,6536,58],{"class":57},[47,6538,3815],{"class":98},[47,6540,1476],{"class":80},[47,6542,136],{"class":98},[47,6544,249],{"class":80},[47,6546,136],{"class":98},[47,6548,4800],{"class":80},[47,6550,136],{"class":98},[47,6552,6553],{"class":80}," 8",[47,6555,3828],{"class":98},[47,6557,6558],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6559,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,6561,6562,6565,6567],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,6563,6564],{"class":53},"found_even ",[47,6566,58],{"class":57},[47,6568,6569],{"class":1334}," False\n",[47,6571,6572],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,6573,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,6575,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,6577,1462],{"class":1461},[47,6579,1465],{"class":53},[47,6581,1468],{"class":1461},[47,6583,4457],{"class":53},[47,6585,6586],{"class":98},":\n",[47,6588,6589,6592,6594,6597,6599,6602,6604],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,6590,6591],{"class":1461},"    if",[47,6593,1465],{"class":53},[47,6595,6596],{"class":57},"%",[47,6598,1562],{"class":80},[47,6600,6601],{"class":57}," ==",[47,6603,4026],{"class":80},[47,6605,6586],{"class":98},[47,6607,6609,6612,6614],{"class":49,"line":6608},7,[47,6610,6611],{"class":53},"        found_even ",[47,6613,58],{"class":57},[47,6615,6616],{"class":1334}," True\n",[47,6618,6620],{"class":49,"line":6619},8,[47,6621,6622],{"class":1461},"        break\n",[47,6624,6626],{"class":49,"line":6625},9,[47,6627,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,6629,6631,6633,6635,6638],{"class":49,"line":6630},10,[47,6632,95],{"class":94},[47,6634,99],{"class":98},[47,6636,6637],{"class":102},"found_even",[47,6639,106],{"class":98},[20,6641,6642],{},"You can write:",[38,6644,6646],{"className":40,"code":6645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6647,6648,6672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6649,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6651,3810],{"class":53},[47,6653,58],{"class":57},[47,6655,3815],{"class":98},[47,6657,1476],{"class":80},[47,6659,136],{"class":98},[47,6661,249],{"class":80},[47,6663,136],{"class":98},[47,6665,4800],{"class":80},[47,6667,136],{"class":98},[47,6669,6553],{"class":80},[47,6671,3828],{"class":98},[47,6673,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6675,95],{"class":94},[47,6677,99],{"class":98},[47,6679,5548],{"class":94},[47,6681,99],{"class":98},[47,6683,2417],{"class":102},[47,6685,6596],{"class":57},[47,6687,1562],{"class":80},[47,6689,6601],{"class":57},[47,6691,4026],{"class":80},[47,6693,4069],{"class":1461},[47,6695,1465],{"class":102},[47,6697,1468],{"class":1461},[47,6699,4457],{"class":102},[47,6701,1796],{"class":98},[20,6703,6704,6705,6707],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6706,5378],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[33,6709,4713],{"id":4712},[20,6711,6712,6713,445],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6714,5378],{},[447,6716,6718],{"id":6717},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6720,4720],{},[38,6722,6724],{"className":40,"code":6723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6725,6726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6727,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6729,95],{"class":94},[47,6731,99],{"class":98},[47,6733,5548],{"class":94},[47,6735,99],{"class":98},[47,6737,232],{"class":80},[47,6739,1796],{"class":98},[20,6741,6742,6743,6745],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6744,232],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6747,6748],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[38,6750,6752],{"className":40,"code":6751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6753,6754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6755,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6757,95],{"class":94},[47,6759,99],{"class":98},[47,6761,5548],{"class":94},[47,6763,3178],{"class":98},[47,6765,232],{"class":80},[47,6767,3191],{"class":98},[447,6769,6771],{"id":6770},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6773,6774,6776,6777,6780],{},[15,6775,5378],{}," needs only ",[280,6778,6779],{},"one"," truthy item.",[38,6782,6784],{"className":40,"code":6783,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6785,6786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6787,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804,6806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6789,95],{"class":94},[47,6791,99],{"class":98},[47,6793,5548],{"class":94},[47,6795,3178],{"class":98},[47,6797,3868],{"class":1334},[47,6799,136],{"class":98},[47,6801,4099],{"class":1334},[47,6803,136],{"class":98},[47,6805,4108],{"class":1334},[47,6807,3191],{"class":98},[20,6809,144],{},[38,6811,6812],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6813,6814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6815,6816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6817,4172],{"class":1334},[20,6819,6820,6821,6825],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[594,6822,6823],{"href":5620},[15,6824,3770],{}," instead.",[447,6827,6829],{"id":6828},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6831,6832,6833,445],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6834,6835],{},"\"True\"",[38,6837,6839],{"className":40,"code":6838,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6840,6841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6842,6843,6845,6847,6849,6851,6853,6855,6857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6844,95],{"class":94},[47,6846,99],{"class":98},[47,6848,5548],{"class":94},[47,6850,3178],{"class":98},[47,6852,128],{"class":61},[47,6854,3868],{"class":65},[47,6856,128],{"class":61},[47,6858,3191],{"class":98},[20,6860,144],{},[38,6862,6863],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,6864,6865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6866,6867],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6868,4172],{"class":1334},[20,6870,6871,6872,6875],{},"That is because ",[15,6873,6874],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[447,6877,6879],{"id":6878},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6881,6882],{},"This works:",[38,6884,6886],{"className":40,"code":6885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6887,6888,6908],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6889,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904,6906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6891,3810],{"class":53},[47,6893,58],{"class":57},[47,6895,3815],{"class":98},[47,6897,1476],{"class":80},[47,6899,136],{"class":98},[47,6901,1562],{"class":80},[47,6903,136],{"class":98},[47,6905,249],{"class":80},[47,6907,3828],{"class":98},[47,6909,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6911,95],{"class":94},[47,6913,99],{"class":98},[47,6915,5548],{"class":94},[47,6917,3178],{"class":98},[47,6919,3216],{"class":102},[47,6921,4446],{"class":57},[47,6923,1562],{"class":80},[47,6925,4069],{"class":1461},[47,6927,4072],{"class":102},[47,6929,1468],{"class":1461},[47,6931,4457],{"class":102},[47,6933,3191],{"class":98},[20,6935,6936],{},"But this is usually better:",[38,6938,6940],{"className":40,"code":6939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6941,6942,6962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,6943,6944,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,6945,3810],{"class":53},[47,6947,58],{"class":57},[47,6949,3815],{"class":98},[47,6951,1476],{"class":80},[47,6953,136],{"class":98},[47,6955,1562],{"class":80},[47,6957,136],{"class":98},[47,6959,249],{"class":80},[47,6961,3828],{"class":98},[47,6963,6964,6966,6968,6970,6972,6974,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,6965,95],{"class":94},[47,6967,99],{"class":98},[47,6969,5548],{"class":94},[47,6971,99],{"class":98},[47,6973,3216],{"class":102},[47,6975,4446],{"class":57},[47,6977,1562],{"class":80},[47,6979,4069],{"class":1461},[47,6981,4072],{"class":102},[47,6983,1468],{"class":1461},[47,6985,4457],{"class":102},[47,6987,1796],{"class":98},[20,6989,6990],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[33,6992,1969],{"id":1968},[447,6994,6996],{"id":6995},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6998,5345,6999,7001,7002,445],{},[15,7000,3795],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7003,3868],{},[447,7005,7007],{"id":7006},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7009,7010,1270,7012,7014],{},[15,7011,5378],{},[15,7013,3868],{}," for an empty iterable.",[447,7016,7018],{"id":7017},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7020,7021,7023,7024,7026],{},[15,7022,5378],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7025,3770],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[447,7028,7030],{"id":7029},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7032,7033],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[38,7035,7036],{"className":40,"code":6139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7037,7038],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7039,7040,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7041,5548],{"class":94},[47,7043,99],{"class":98},[47,7045,6150],{"class":102},[47,7047,1462],{"class":1461},[47,7049,6155],{"class":102},[47,7051,1468],{"class":1461},[47,7053,6160],{"class":102},[47,7055,106],{"class":98},[20,7057,5667],{},[38,7059,7060],{"className":40,"code":6939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7061,7062,7082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7063,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7065,3810],{"class":53},[47,7067,58],{"class":57},[47,7069,3815],{"class":98},[47,7071,1476],{"class":80},[47,7073,136],{"class":98},[47,7075,1562],{"class":80},[47,7077,136],{"class":98},[47,7079,249],{"class":80},[47,7081,3828],{"class":98},[47,7083,7084,7086,7088,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098,7100,7102,7104,7106],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7085,95],{"class":94},[47,7087,99],{"class":98},[47,7089,5548],{"class":94},[47,7091,99],{"class":98},[47,7093,3216],{"class":102},[47,7095,4446],{"class":57},[47,7097,1562],{"class":80},[47,7099,4069],{"class":1461},[47,7101,4072],{"class":102},[47,7103,1468],{"class":1461},[47,7105,4457],{"class":102},[47,7107,1796],{"class":98},[33,7109,2075],{"id":2074},[187,7111,7112,7118,7122,7126,7131],{},[190,7113,7114],{},[594,7115,7116,2088],{"href":5620},[15,7117,3770],{},[190,7119,7120],{},[594,7121,3999],{"href":5972},[190,7123,7124],{},[594,7125,5410],{"href":5781},[190,7127,7128],{},[594,7129,7130],{"href":6391},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[190,7132,7133],{},[594,7134,7135,2088],{"href":5975},[15,7136,4005],{},[2110,7138,7139],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":7141},[7142,7143,7144,7145,7146,7147,7148,7149,7155,7161],{"id":5570,"depth":72,"text":5571},{"id":5625,"depth":72,"text":5626},{"id":3921,"depth":72,"text":3922},{"id":5981,"depth":72,"text":5982},{"id":6124,"depth":72,"text":6125},{"id":6395,"depth":72,"text":6396},{"id":6505,"depth":72,"text":6506},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":7150},[7151,7152,7153,7154],{"id":6717,"depth":84,"text":6718},{"id":6770,"depth":84,"text":6771},{"id":6828,"depth":84,"text":6829},{"id":6878,"depth":84,"text":6879},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":7156},[7157,7158,7159,7160],{"id":6995,"depth":84,"text":6996},{"id":7006,"depth":84,"text":7007},{"id":7017,"depth":84,"text":7018},{"id":7029,"depth":84,"text":7030},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5473,"description":7162},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7168,"title":7169,"body":7170,"description":9297,"extension":2167,"meta":9298,"navigation":87,"path":9299,"seo":9300,"stem":9301,"__hash__":9302},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7171,"toc":9260},[7172,7175,7184,7194,7196,7293,7295,7324,7340,7344,7349,7352,7362,7368,7374,7390,7392,7400,7407,7411,7414,7429,7434,7452,7457,7459,7507,7509,7526,7530,7536,7539,7574,7576,7682,7684,7721,7725,7733,7735,7755,7757,7877,7879,7908,7911,7934,7936,7944,7952,7956,7962,7966,8009,8011,8019,8022,8050,8052,8060,8064,8092,8094,8102,8133,8135,8143,8147,8198,8200,8208,8216,8220,8223,8275,8277,8298,8305,8309,8315,8318,8326,8348,8350,8358,8366,8389,8391,8399,8404,8409,8420,8422,8463,8474,8478,8487,8490,8493,8551,8554,8606,8609,8614,8630,8636,8638,8643,8651,8654,8676,8678,8686,8691,8694,8729,8731,8739,8743,8748,8786,8798,8801,8856,8864,8868,8871,8893,8902,8905,8946,8948,8971,8977,8983,8998,9000,9020,9023,9042,9044,9063,9067,9072,9151,9154,9168,9175,9177,9181,9188,9192,9196,9200,9205,9209,9214,9218,9225,9227,9257],[10,7173,7169],{"id":7174},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7176,850,7177,7179,7180,3072,7182,445],{},[15,7178,4005],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7181,3795],{},[15,7183,3868],{},[20,7185,7186,7187,7189,7190,7193],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7188,4005],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7191,7192],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[33,7195,3800],{"id":3799},[38,7197,7199],{"className":40,"code":7198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7200,7201,7215,7229,7243,7261,7271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7202,7203,7205,7207,7209,7211,7213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7204,95],{"class":94},[47,7206,99],{"class":98},[47,7208,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7210,99],{"class":98},[47,7212,2321],{"class":80},[47,7214,1796],{"class":98},[47,7216,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7218,95],{"class":94},[47,7220,99],{"class":98},[47,7222,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7224,99],{"class":98},[47,7226,1476],{"class":80},[47,7228,1796],{"class":98},[47,7230,7231,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7232,95],{"class":94},[47,7234,99],{"class":98},[47,7236,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7238,99],{"class":98},[47,7240,1151],{"class":61},[47,7242,1796],{"class":98},[47,7244,7245,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,7246,95],{"class":94},[47,7248,99],{"class":98},[47,7250,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7252,99],{"class":98},[47,7254,128],{"class":61},[47,7256,4038],{"class":65},[47,7258,128],{"class":61},[47,7260,1796],{"class":98},[47,7262,7263,7265,7267,7269],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7264,95],{"class":94},[47,7266,99],{"class":98},[47,7268,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7270,4622],{"class":98},[47,7272,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7285,7287,7289,7291],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,7274,95],{"class":94},[47,7276,99],{"class":98},[47,7278,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7280,3178],{"class":98},[47,7282,1476],{"class":80},[47,7284,136],{"class":98},[47,7286,1562],{"class":80},[47,7288,136],{"class":98},[47,7290,249],{"class":80},[47,7292,3191],{"class":98},[20,7294,5754],{},[38,7296,7298],{"className":40,"code":7297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7299,7300,7304,7308,7312,7316,7320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7301,7302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7303,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7305,7306],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7307,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7309,7310],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7311,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7313,7314],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,7315,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7317,7318],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7319,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7321,7322],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,7323,4172],{"class":1334},[20,7325,167,7326,7329,7330,3072,7332,7334,7335,7337,7338,445],{},[15,7327,7328],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7331,3795],{},[15,7333,3868],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7336,3868],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7339,3795],{},[33,7341,7343],{"id":7342},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7345,7346,7348],{},[15,7347,4005],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7350,7351],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[187,7353,7354,7358],{},[190,7355,7356],{},[15,7357,3795],{},[190,7359,7360],{},[15,7361,3868],{},[20,7363,7364,7365,7367],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7366,7192],{}," statements.",[20,7369,7370,7371,7373],{},"You can also call ",[15,7372,4005],{}," with no argument:",[38,7375,7377],{"className":40,"code":7376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool())\n",[15,7378,7379],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7380,7381,7383,7385,7387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7382,95],{"class":94},[47,7384,99],{"class":98},[47,7386,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7388,7389],{"class":98},"())\n",[20,7391,144],{},[38,7393,7394],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7395,7396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7397,7398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7399,4233],{"class":1334},[20,7401,7402,7403,445],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[594,7404,7406],{"href":7405},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[33,7408,7410],{"id":7409},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7412,7413],{},"The basic syntax is:",[38,7415,7417],{"className":40,"code":7416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bool(value)\n",[15,7418,7419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7420,7421,7423,7425,7427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7422,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7424,99],{"class":98},[47,7426,2668],{"class":102},[47,7428,106],{"class":98},[20,7430,850,7431,7433],{},[15,7432,2668],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[187,7435,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7447,7449],{},[190,7437,195],{},[190,7439,5503],{},[190,7441,5494],{},[190,7443,5497],{},[190,7445,7446],{},"dictionaries",[190,7448,5500],{},[190,7450,7451],{},"other objects",[20,7453,7454,7455,445],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7456,3868],{},[20,7458,204],{},[38,7460,7462],{"className":40,"code":7461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7463,7464,7478,7497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7465,7466,7468,7470,7472,7474,7476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7467,95],{"class":94},[47,7469,99],{"class":98},[47,7471,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7473,99],{"class":98},[47,7475,582],{"class":80},[47,7477,1796],{"class":98},[47,7479,7480,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7493,7495],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7481,95],{"class":94},[47,7483,99],{"class":98},[47,7485,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7487,99],{"class":98},[47,7489,128],{"class":61},[47,7491,7492],{"class":65},"Python",[47,7494,128],{"class":61},[47,7496,1796],{"class":98},[47,7498,7499,7501,7503,7505],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7500,95],{"class":94},[47,7502,99],{"class":98},[47,7504,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7506,7389],{"class":98},[20,7508,144],{},[38,7510,7512],{"className":40,"code":7511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7513,7514,7518,7522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7515,7516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7517,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7519,7520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7521,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7523,7524],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7525,4233],{"class":1334},[33,7527,7529],{"id":7528},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7531,7532,7533,7535],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[280,7534,5791],{}," values.",[20,7537,7538],{},"Common examples:",[187,7540,7541,7545,7549,7553,7557,7562,7566,7570],{},[190,7542,7543],{},[15,7544,2321],{},[190,7546,7547],{},[15,7548,3961],{},[190,7550,7551],{},[15,7552,1151],{},[190,7554,7555],{},[15,7556,3979],{},[190,7558,7559],{},[15,7560,7561],{},"()",[190,7563,7564],{},[15,7565,3984],{},[190,7567,7568],{},[15,7569,3989],{},[190,7571,7572],{},[15,7573,285],{},[20,7575,204],{},[38,7577,7579],{"className":40,"code":7578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7580,7581,7595,7609,7623,7633,7643,7654,7668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7582,7583,7585,7587,7589,7591,7593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7584,95],{"class":94},[47,7586,99],{"class":98},[47,7588,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7590,99],{"class":98},[47,7592,2321],{"class":80},[47,7594,1796],{"class":98},[47,7596,7597,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7598,95],{"class":94},[47,7600,99],{"class":98},[47,7602,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7604,99],{"class":98},[47,7606,3961],{"class":80},[47,7608,1796],{"class":98},[47,7610,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619,7621],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7612,95],{"class":94},[47,7614,99],{"class":98},[47,7616,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7618,99],{"class":98},[47,7620,1151],{"class":61},[47,7622,1796],{"class":98},[47,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,7626,95],{"class":94},[47,7628,99],{"class":98},[47,7630,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7632,4622],{"class":98},[47,7634,7635,7637,7639,7641],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7636,95],{"class":94},[47,7638,99],{"class":98},[47,7640,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7642,4680],{"class":98},[47,7644,7645,7647,7649,7651],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,7646,95],{"class":94},[47,7648,99],{"class":98},[47,7650,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7652,7653],{"class":98},"({}))\n",[47,7655,7656,7658,7660,7662,7664,7666],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,7657,95],{"class":94},[47,7659,99],{"class":98},[47,7661,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7663,99],{"class":98},[47,7665,6480],{"class":1788},[47,7667,6483],{"class":98},[47,7669,7670,7672,7674,7676,7678,7680],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,7671,95],{"class":94},[47,7673,99],{"class":98},[47,7675,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7677,99],{"class":98},[47,7679,285],{"class":1334},[47,7681,1796],{"class":98},[20,7683,144],{},[38,7685,7687],{"className":40,"code":7686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7688,7689,7693,7697,7701,7705,7709,7713,7717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7690,7691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7692,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7694,7695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7696,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7698,7699],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7700,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7702,7703],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,7704,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7706,7707],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7708,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7710,7711],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,7712,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7714,7715],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,7716,4233],{"class":1334},[47,7718,7719],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,7720,4233],{"class":1334},[33,7722,7724],{"id":7723},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7726,7727,7728,7730,7731,7535],{},"Many values become ",[15,7729,3795],{},". These are often called ",[280,7732,5788],{},[20,7734,7538],{},[187,7736,7737,7740,7743,7746,7749,7752],{},[190,7738,7739],{},"non-zero numbers",[190,7741,7742],{},"non-empty strings",[190,7744,7745],{},"non-empty lists",[190,7747,7748],{},"non-empty tuples",[190,7750,7751],{},"non-empty sets",[190,7753,7754],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7756,204],{},[38,7758,7760],{"className":40,"code":7759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7761,7762,7776,7792,7810,7832,7850],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7763,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7765,95],{"class":94},[47,7767,99],{"class":98},[47,7769,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7771,99],{"class":98},[47,7773,232],{"class":80},[47,7775,1796],{"class":98},[47,7777,7778,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788,7790],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7779,95],{"class":94},[47,7781,99],{"class":98},[47,7783,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7785,99],{"class":98},[47,7787,1033],{"class":57},[47,7789,243],{"class":80},[47,7791,1796],{"class":98},[47,7793,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7795,95],{"class":94},[47,7797,99],{"class":98},[47,7799,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7801,99],{"class":98},[47,7803,128],{"class":61},[47,7805,4038],{"class":65},[47,7807,128],{"class":61},[47,7809,1796],{"class":98},[47,7811,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824,7826,7828,7830],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,7813,95],{"class":94},[47,7815,99],{"class":98},[47,7817,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7819,3178],{"class":98},[47,7821,1476],{"class":80},[47,7823,136],{"class":98},[47,7825,1562],{"class":80},[47,7827,136],{"class":98},[47,7829,249],{"class":80},[47,7831,3191],{"class":98},[47,7833,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846,7848],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7835,95],{"class":94},[47,7837,99],{"class":98},[47,7839,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7841,5705],{"class":98},[47,7843,1476],{"class":80},[47,7845,136],{"class":98},[47,7847,1562],{"class":80},[47,7849,3106],{"class":98},[47,7851,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870,7873,7875],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,7853,95],{"class":94},[47,7855,99],{"class":98},[47,7857,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7859,5724],{"class":98},[47,7861,128],{"class":61},[47,7863,103],{"class":65},[47,7865,128],{"class":61},[47,7867,420],{"class":98},[47,7869,62],{"class":61},[47,7871,7872],{"class":65},"Sam",[47,7874,128],{"class":61},[47,7876,5733],{"class":98},[20,7878,144],{},[38,7880,7882],{"className":40,"code":7881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7883,7884,7888,7892,7896,7900,7904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7885,7886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7887,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7889,7890],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7891,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7893,7894],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,7895,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7897,7898],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,7899,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7901,7902],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,7903,4172],{"class":1334},[47,7905,7906],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,7907,4172],{"class":1334},[20,7909,7910],{},"One important example is this:",[38,7912,7914],{"className":40,"code":7913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7915,7916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7917,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928,7930,7932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7919,95],{"class":94},[47,7921,99],{"class":98},[47,7923,4060],{"class":1788},[47,7925,99],{"class":98},[47,7927,128],{"class":61},[47,7929,3868],{"class":65},[47,7931,128],{"class":61},[47,7933,1796],{"class":98},[20,7935,144],{},[38,7937,7938],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,7939,7940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7941,7942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7943,4172],{"class":1334},[20,7945,7946,7947,7949,7950,445],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7948,6874],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7951,3795],{},[33,7953,7955],{"id":7954},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7957,7958,7959,7961],{},"You can use ",[15,7960,4005],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[447,7963,7965],{"id":7964},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[38,7967,7969],{"className":40,"code":7968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7970,7971,7994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,7972,7973,7976,7978,7980,7982,7984,7987,7989,7992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,7974,7975],{"class":53},"items ",[47,7977,58],{"class":57},[47,7979,3815],{"class":98},[47,7981,582],{"class":80},[47,7983,136],{"class":98},[47,7985,7986],{"class":80}," 20",[47,7988,136],{"class":98},[47,7990,7991],{"class":80}," 30",[47,7993,3828],{"class":98},[47,7995,7996,7998,8000,8002,8004,8007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,7997,95],{"class":94},[47,7999,99],{"class":98},[47,8001,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8003,99],{"class":98},[47,8005,8006],{"class":102},"items",[47,8008,1796],{"class":98},[20,8010,144],{},[38,8012,8013],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8014,8015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8016,8017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8018,4172],{"class":1334},[20,8020,8021],{},"With an empty list:",[38,8023,8025],{"className":40,"code":8024,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8026,8027,8036],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8028,8029,8031,8033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8030,7975],{"class":53},[47,8032,58],{"class":57},[47,8034,8035],{"class":98}," []\n",[47,8037,8038,8040,8042,8044,8046,8048],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8039,95],{"class":94},[47,8041,99],{"class":98},[47,8043,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8045,99],{"class":98},[47,8047,8006],{"class":102},[47,8049,1796],{"class":98},[20,8051,144],{},[38,8053,8054],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8055,8056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8057,8058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8059,4233],{"class":1334},[447,8061,8063],{"id":8062},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[38,8065,8067],{"className":40,"code":8066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8068,8069,8078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8070,8071,8073,8075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8072,54],{"class":53},[47,8074,58],{"class":57},[47,8076,8077],{"class":61}," \"\"\n",[47,8079,8080,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8081,95],{"class":94},[47,8083,99],{"class":98},[47,8085,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8087,99],{"class":98},[47,8089,103],{"class":102},[47,8091,1796],{"class":98},[20,8093,144],{},[38,8095,8096],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8097,8098],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8099,8100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8101,4233],{"class":1334},[38,8103,8105],{"className":40,"code":8104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8106,8107,8119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8108,8109,8111,8113,8115,8117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8110,54],{"class":53},[47,8112,58],{"class":57},[47,8114,62],{"class":61},[47,8116,66],{"class":65},[47,8118,69],{"class":61},[47,8120,8121,8123,8125,8127,8129,8131],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8122,95],{"class":94},[47,8124,99],{"class":98},[47,8126,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8128,99],{"class":98},[47,8130,103],{"class":102},[47,8132,1796],{"class":98},[20,8134,144],{},[38,8136,8137],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8138,8139],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8140,8141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8142,4172],{"class":1334},[447,8144,8146],{"id":8145},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[38,8148,8150],{"className":40,"code":8149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8151,8152,8166,8183,8187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8153,8154,8157,8159,8161,8164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8155,8156],{"class":53},"username ",[47,8158,58],{"class":57},[47,8160,62],{"class":61},[47,8162,8163],{"class":65},"alex",[47,8165,69],{"class":61},[47,8167,8168,8171,8173,8176,8178,8181],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8169,8170],{"class":53},"has_name ",[47,8172,58],{"class":57},[47,8174,8175],{"class":1788}," bool",[47,8177,99],{"class":98},[47,8179,8180],{"class":102},"username",[47,8182,106],{"class":98},[47,8184,8185],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,8186,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,8188,8189,8191,8193,8196],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,8190,95],{"class":94},[47,8192,99],{"class":98},[47,8194,8195],{"class":102},"has_name",[47,8197,106],{"class":98},[20,8199,144],{},[38,8201,8202],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8203,8204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8205,8206],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8207,4172],{"class":1334},[20,8209,8210,8211,3072,8213,8215],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8212,3795],{},[15,8214,3868],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[447,8217,8219],{"id":8218},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8221,8222],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[38,8224,8226],{"className":40,"code":8225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8227,8228,8248,8252,8260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8229,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240,8242,8244,8246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8231,3810],{"class":53},[47,8233,58],{"class":57},[47,8235,3815],{"class":98},[47,8237,1476],{"class":80},[47,8239,136],{"class":98},[47,8241,1562],{"class":80},[47,8243,136],{"class":98},[47,8245,249],{"class":80},[47,8247,3828],{"class":98},[47,8249,8250],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8251,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,8253,8254,8256,8258],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,8255,7192],{"class":1461},[47,8257,4457],{"class":53},[47,8259,6586],{"class":98},[47,8261,8262,8264,8266,8268,8271,8273],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,8263,1499],{"class":94},[47,8265,99],{"class":98},[47,8267,128],{"class":61},[47,8269,8270],{"class":65},"The list is not empty",[47,8272,128],{"class":61},[47,8274,106],{"class":98},[20,8276,144],{},[38,8278,8280],{"className":40,"code":8279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8281,8282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8283,8284,8286,8289,8292,8295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8285,850],{"class":53},[47,8287,8288],{"class":1788},"list",[47,8290,8291],{"class":57}," is",[47,8293,8294],{"class":57}," not",[47,8296,8297],{"class":53}," empty\n",[20,8299,8300,8301,445],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[594,8302,8304],{"href":8303},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[33,8306,8308],{"id":8307},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8310,8311,8312,8314],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8313,4005],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8316,8317],{},"It does not do that.",[447,8319,8321,1270,8324],{"id":8320},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8322,8323],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8325,3795],{},[38,8327,8328],{"className":40,"code":7913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8329,8330],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8331,8332,8334,8336,8338,8340,8342,8344,8346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8333,95],{"class":94},[47,8335,99],{"class":98},[47,8337,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8339,99],{"class":98},[47,8341,128],{"class":61},[47,8343,3868],{"class":65},[47,8345,128],{"class":61},[47,8347,1796],{"class":98},[20,8349,144],{},[38,8351,8352],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8353,8354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8355,8356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8357,4172],{"class":1334},[447,8359,8361,1270,8364],{"id":8360},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8362,8363],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8365,3795],{},[38,8367,8369],{"className":40,"code":8368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8370,8371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8372,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381,8383,8385,8387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8374,95],{"class":94},[47,8376,99],{"class":98},[47,8378,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8380,99],{"class":98},[47,8382,128],{"class":61},[47,8384,2321],{"class":65},[47,8386,128],{"class":61},[47,8388,1796],{"class":98},[20,8390,144],{},[38,8392,8393],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8394,8395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8396,8397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8398,4172],{"class":1334},[20,8400,8401,8402,445],{},"This happens because both values are ",[280,8403,7742],{},[20,8405,8406,8408],{},[15,8407,4005],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8410,8411,8412,8416,8417,8419],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[594,8413,8414],{"href":1405},[15,8415,1408],{},", because ",[15,8418,1408],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8421,204],{},[38,8423,8425],{"className":40,"code":8424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8426,8427,8448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8428,8429,8432,8434,8437,8439,8441,8444,8446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8430,8431],{"class":53},"user_value ",[47,8433,58],{"class":57},[47,8435,8436],{"class":94}," input",[47,8438,99],{"class":98},[47,8440,128],{"class":61},[47,8442,8443],{"class":65},"Enter True or False: ",[47,8445,128],{"class":61},[47,8447,106],{"class":98},[47,8449,8450,8452,8454,8456,8458,8461],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8451,95],{"class":94},[47,8453,99],{"class":98},[47,8455,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8457,99],{"class":98},[47,8459,8460],{"class":102},"user_value",[47,8462,1796],{"class":98},[20,8464,8465,8466,8468,8469,8416,8471,8473],{},"If the user types ",[15,8467,3868],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8470,3795],{},[15,8472,6874],{}," is not empty.",[33,8475,8477],{"id":8476},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8479,8480,8481,8483,8484,8486],{},"In many ",[15,8482,7192],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8485,4005],{}," yourself.",[20,8488,8489],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8491,8492],{},"Instead of this:",[38,8494,8496],{"className":40,"code":8495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8497,8498,8519,8523,8536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8499,8500,8503,8505,8507,8509,8511,8513,8515,8517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8501,8502],{"class":53},"my_list ",[47,8504,58],{"class":57},[47,8506,3815],{"class":98},[47,8508,1476],{"class":80},[47,8510,136],{"class":98},[47,8512,1562],{"class":80},[47,8514,136],{"class":98},[47,8516,249],{"class":80},[47,8518,3828],{"class":98},[47,8520,8521],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8522,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,8524,8525,8527,8529,8531,8534],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,8526,7192],{"class":1461},[47,8528,8175],{"class":1788},[47,8530,99],{"class":98},[47,8532,8533],{"class":102},"my_list",[47,8535,1483],{"class":98},[47,8537,8538,8540,8542,8544,8547,8549],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,8539,1499],{"class":94},[47,8541,99],{"class":98},[47,8543,128],{"class":61},[47,8545,8546],{"class":65},"List has items",[47,8548,128],{"class":61},[47,8550,106],{"class":98},[20,8552,8553],{},"You can simply write:",[38,8555,8557],{"className":40,"code":8556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8558,8559,8579,8583,8592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8560,8561,8563,8565,8567,8569,8571,8573,8575,8577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8562,8502],{"class":53},[47,8564,58],{"class":57},[47,8566,3815],{"class":98},[47,8568,1476],{"class":80},[47,8570,136],{"class":98},[47,8572,1562],{"class":80},[47,8574,136],{"class":98},[47,8576,249],{"class":80},[47,8578,3828],{"class":98},[47,8580,8581],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8582,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,8584,8585,8587,8590],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,8586,7192],{"class":1461},[47,8588,8589],{"class":53}," my_list",[47,8591,6586],{"class":98},[47,8593,8594,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,8595,1499],{"class":94},[47,8597,99],{"class":98},[47,8599,128],{"class":61},[47,8601,8546],{"class":65},[47,8603,128],{"class":61},[47,8605,106],{"class":98},[20,8607,8608],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8610,1654,8611,8613],{},[15,8612,4005],{}," is still helpful when:",[187,8615,8616,8619,8627],{},[190,8617,8618],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[190,8620,8621,8622,3072,8624,8626],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8623,3795],{},[15,8625,3868],{}," value",[190,8628,8629],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8631,8632,8633,445],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[594,8634,8635],{"href":2497},"Python type() function explained",[33,8637,1595],{"id":1594},[20,8639,8640,8641,445],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8642,4005],{},[447,8644,1807,8646,8648,8649],{"id":8645},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8647,8323],{}," to return ",[15,8650,3868],{},[20,8652,8653],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[38,8655,8656],{"className":40,"code":7913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8657,8658],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8659,8660,8662,8664,8666,8668,8670,8672,8674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8661,95],{"class":94},[47,8663,99],{"class":98},[47,8665,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8667,99],{"class":98},[47,8669,128],{"class":61},[47,8671,3868],{"class":65},[47,8673,128],{"class":61},[47,8675,1796],{"class":98},[20,8677,144],{},[38,8679,8680],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8681,8682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8683,8684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8685,4172],{"class":1334},[20,8687,8688,8689,6875],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8690,6874],{},[20,8692,8693],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[38,8695,8697],{"className":40,"code":8696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8698,8699,8711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8700,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8702,2644],{"class":53},[47,8704,58],{"class":57},[47,8706,62],{"class":61},[47,8708,3868],{"class":65},[47,8710,69],{"class":61},[47,8712,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721,8723,8725,8727],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8714,95],{"class":94},[47,8716,99],{"class":98},[47,8718,2644],{"class":102},[47,8720,4884],{"class":57},[47,8722,62],{"class":61},[47,8724,3795],{"class":65},[47,8726,128],{"class":61},[47,8728,106],{"class":98},[20,8730,144],{},[38,8732,8733],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,8734,8735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8736,8737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8738,4233],{"class":1334},[447,8740,8742],{"id":8741},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8744,8745,8747],{},[15,8746,1408],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[38,8749,8751],{"className":40,"code":8750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8752,8753,8772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8754,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763,8765,8768,8770],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8756,2644],{"class":53},[47,8758,58],{"class":57},[47,8760,8436],{"class":94},[47,8762,99],{"class":98},[47,8764,128],{"class":61},[47,8766,8767],{"class":65},"Enter yes or no: ",[47,8769,128],{"class":61},[47,8771,106],{"class":98},[47,8773,8774,8776,8778,8780,8782,8784],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8775,95],{"class":94},[47,8777,99],{"class":98},[47,8779,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8781,99],{"class":98},[47,8783,2668],{"class":102},[47,8785,1796],{"class":98},[20,8787,8465,8788,8791,8792,8794,8795,8473],{},[15,8789,8790],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8793,3795],{}," because ",[15,8796,8797],{},"\"no\"",[20,8799,8800],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[38,8802,8804],{"className":40,"code":8803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8805,8806,8837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8807,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816,8818,8820,8822,8825,8828,8831,8834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8809,2644],{"class":53},[47,8811,58],{"class":57},[47,8813,8436],{"class":94},[47,8815,99],{"class":98},[47,8817,128],{"class":61},[47,8819,8767],{"class":65},[47,8821,128],{"class":61},[47,8823,8824],{"class":98},").",[47,8826,8827],{"class":102},"strip",[47,8829,8830],{"class":98},"().",[47,8832,8833],{"class":102},"lower",[47,8835,8836],{"class":98},"()\n",[47,8838,8839,8841,8843,8845,8847,8849,8852,8854],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8840,95],{"class":94},[47,8842,99],{"class":98},[47,8844,2644],{"class":102},[47,8846,4884],{"class":57},[47,8848,62],{"class":61},[47,8850,8851],{"class":65},"yes",[47,8853,128],{"class":61},[47,8855,106],{"class":98},[20,8857,8858,8859,8861,8862,445],{},"This gives ",[15,8860,3795],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8863,8851],{},[447,8865,8867],{"id":8866},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8869,8870],{},"These are different:",[187,8872,8873,8877,8881,8885,8889],{},[190,8874,8875],{},[15,8876,3868],{},[190,8878,8879],{},[15,8880,2321],{},[190,8882,8883],{},[15,8884,1151],{},[190,8886,8887],{},[15,8888,3979],{},[190,8890,8891],{},[15,8892,285],{},[20,8894,8895,8896,8898,8899,8901],{},"They all become ",[15,8897,3868],{}," with ",[15,8900,4005],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8903,8904],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[38,8906,8908],{"className":40,"code":8907,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8909,8910,8918,8932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8911,8912,8914,8916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8913,2644],{"class":53},[47,8915,58],{"class":57},[47,8917,8035],{"class":98},[47,8919,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8921,95],{"class":94},[47,8923,99],{"class":98},[47,8925,1922],{"class":1788},[47,8927,99],{"class":98},[47,8929,2668],{"class":102},[47,8931,1796],{"class":98},[47,8933,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,8935,95],{"class":94},[47,8937,99],{"class":98},[47,8939,4060],{"class":1788},[47,8941,99],{"class":98},[47,8943,2668],{"class":102},[47,8945,1796],{"class":98},[20,8947,144],{},[38,8949,8951],{"className":40,"code":8950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8952,8953,8967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8954,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8956,3482],{"class":57},[47,8958,3485],{"class":2266},[47,8960,3488],{"class":61},[47,8962,8288],{"class":65},[47,8964,3493],{"class":61},[47,8966,3496],{"class":57},[47,8968,8969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,8970,4233],{"class":1334},[447,8972,1654,8974,8976],{"id":8973},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8975,3984],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8978,8979,8980,8982],{},"In Python, ",[15,8981,3984],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[38,8984,8986],{"className":40,"code":8985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8987,8988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,8989,8990,8992,8994,8996],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,8991,95],{"class":94},[47,8993,99],{"class":98},[47,8995,1922],{"class":1788},[47,8997,7653],{"class":98},[20,8999,144],{},[38,9001,9003],{"className":40,"code":9002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9004,9005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9006,9007,9009,9011,9013,9016,9018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9008,3482],{"class":57},[47,9010,3485],{"class":2266},[47,9012,3488],{"class":61},[47,9014,9015],{"class":65},"dict",[47,9017,3493],{"class":61},[47,9019,3496],{"class":57},[20,9021,9022],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[38,9024,9026],{"className":40,"code":9025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9027,9028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9029,9030,9032,9034,9036,9038,9040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9031,95],{"class":94},[47,9033,99],{"class":98},[47,9035,1922],{"class":1788},[47,9037,99],{"class":98},[47,9039,6480],{"class":1788},[47,9041,6483],{"class":98},[20,9043,144],{},[38,9045,9047],{"className":40,"code":9046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9048,9049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9050,9051,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9052,3482],{"class":57},[47,9054,3485],{"class":2266},[47,9056,3488],{"class":61},[47,9058,6480],{"class":65},[47,9060,3493],{"class":61},[47,9062,3496],{"class":57},[33,9064,9066],{"id":9065},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9068,1625,9069,9071],{},[15,9070,4005],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[38,9073,9075],{"className":40,"code":9074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9076,9077,9091,9105,9115,9133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9078,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9080,95],{"class":94},[47,9082,99],{"class":98},[47,9084,4060],{"class":1788},[47,9086,99],{"class":98},[47,9088,2668],{"class":102},[47,9090,1796],{"class":98},[47,9092,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9094,95],{"class":94},[47,9096,99],{"class":98},[47,9098,1922],{"class":1788},[47,9100,99],{"class":98},[47,9102,2668],{"class":102},[47,9104,1796],{"class":98},[47,9106,9107,9109,9111,9113],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,9108,95],{"class":94},[47,9110,99],{"class":98},[47,9112,2668],{"class":102},[47,9114,106],{"class":98},[47,9116,9117,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,9118,95],{"class":94},[47,9120,99],{"class":98},[47,9122,2644],{"class":102},[47,9124,4884],{"class":57},[47,9126,62],{"class":61},[47,9128,3795],{"class":65},[47,9130,128],{"class":61},[47,9132,106],{"class":98},[47,9134,9135,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147,9149],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,9136,95],{"class":94},[47,9138,99],{"class":98},[47,9140,2668],{"class":102},[47,9142,445],{"class":98},[47,9144,8827],{"class":102},[47,9146,8830],{"class":98},[47,9148,8833],{"class":102},[47,9150,7389],{"class":98},[20,9152,9153],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[187,9155,9156,9159,9162,9165],{},[190,9157,9158],{},"what the value really is",[190,9160,9161],{},"whether it is a string",[190,9163,9164],{},"whether it contains spaces",[190,9166,9167],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9169,9170,9171,445],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[594,9172,9174],{"href":9173},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9176,1969],{"id":1968},[447,9178,9180],{"id":9179},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9182,9183,9184,3072,9186,445],{},"It returns either ",[15,9185,3795],{},[15,9187,3868],{},[447,9189,9191],{"id":9190},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9193,5345,9194,445],{},[15,9195,3868],{},[447,9197,9199],{"id":9198},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9201,9202,9203,445],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9204,3795],{},[447,9206,9208],{"id":9207},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9210,9211,9212,445],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9213,3868],{},[447,9215,9217],{"id":9216},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9219,9220,9221,3072,9223,3930],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9222,3795],{},[15,9224,3868],{},[33,9226,2075],{"id":2074},[187,9228,9229,9234,9238,9243,9247,9252],{},[190,9230,9231],{},[594,9232,9233],{"href":5972},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[190,9235,9236],{},[594,9237,8304],{"href":8303},[190,9239,9240],{},[594,9241,9242],{"href":1405},"Python input() function explained",[190,9244,9245],{},[594,9246,8635],{"href":2497},[190,9248,9249],{},[594,9250,9251],{"href":9173},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[190,9253,9254],{},[594,9255,9256],{"href":7405},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2110,9258,9259],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":9261},[9262,9263,9264,9265,9266,9267,9273,9279,9280,9288,9289,9296],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":7342,"depth":72,"text":7343},{"id":7409,"depth":72,"text":7410},{"id":7528,"depth":72,"text":7529},{"id":7723,"depth":72,"text":7724},{"id":7954,"depth":72,"text":7955,"children":9268},[9269,9270,9271,9272],{"id":7964,"depth":84,"text":7965},{"id":8062,"depth":84,"text":8063},{"id":8145,"depth":84,"text":8146},{"id":8218,"depth":84,"text":8219},{"id":8307,"depth":72,"text":8308,"children":9274},[9275,9277],{"id":8320,"depth":84,"text":9276},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8360,"depth":84,"text":9278},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8476,"depth":72,"text":8477},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":9281},[9282,9284,9285,9286],{"id":8645,"depth":84,"text":9283},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8741,"depth":84,"text":8742},{"id":8866,"depth":84,"text":8867},{"id":8973,"depth":84,"text":9287},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9065,"depth":72,"text":9066},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":9290},[9291,9292,9293,9294,9295],{"id":9179,"depth":84,"text":9180},{"id":9190,"depth":84,"text":9191},{"id":9198,"depth":84,"text":9199},{"id":9207,"depth":84,"text":9208},{"id":9216,"depth":84,"text":9217},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7169,"description":9297},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9304,"title":9305,"body":9306,"description":11498,"extension":2167,"meta":11499,"navigation":87,"path":11500,"seo":11501,"stem":11502,"__hash__":11503},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9307,"toc":11460},[9308,9314,9320,9327,9332,9343,9350,9457,9461,9529,9534,9539,9544,9547,9558,9563,9566,9577,9584,9586,9591,9595,9620,9624,9633,9637,9700,9704,9737,9741,9786,9790,9827,9831,9834,9890,9894,9940,9943,9948,9987,9991,10014,10017,10031,10044,10048,10053,10120,10124,10160,10163,10171,10174,10238,10242,10274,10280,10282,10342,10349,10352,10430,10434,10467,10471,10474,10518,10522,10558,10561,10578,10581,10584,10637,10640,10651,10658,10667,10670,10728,10732,10773,10781,10789,10795,10803,10815,10820,10831,10904,10907,10919,10935,10939,10944,10948,10950,10993,10999,11001,11064,11068,11071,11080,11085,11122,11126,11129,11137,11140,11179,11183,11186,11237,11241,11262,11269,11271,11277,11304,11307,11362,11365,11376,11378,11385,11393,11399,11404,11411,11414,11421,11428,11430,11457],[10,9309,13,9311,18],{"id":9310},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9312,9313],{},"dict()",[20,9315,9316,9317,9319],{},"The built-in ",[15,9318,9313],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9321,9322,9323,9326],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[280,9324,9325],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9328,9329,9331],{},[15,9330,9313],{}," is commonly used to:",[187,9333,9334,9337,9340],{},[190,9335,9336],{},"create an empty dictionary",[190,9338,9339],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[190,9341,9342],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9344,9345,9346,445],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[594,9347,9349],{"href":9348},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[38,9351,9353],{"className":40,"code":9352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9354,9355,9388,9399,9403,9442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9356,9357,9360,9362,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9358,9359],{"class":53},"data ",[47,9361,58],{"class":57},[47,9363,9364],{"class":1788}," dict",[47,9366,99],{"class":98},[47,9368,103],{"class":951},[47,9370,58],{"class":57},[47,9372,3493],{"class":61},[47,9374,5201],{"class":65},[47,9376,3493],{"class":61},[47,9378,136],{"class":98},[47,9380,676],{"class":951},[47,9382,58],{"class":57},[47,9384,9385],{"class":80},"25",[47,9387,106],{"class":98},[47,9389,9390,9392,9394,9397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9391,95],{"class":94},[47,9393,99],{"class":98},[47,9395,9396],{"class":102},"data",[47,9398,106],{"class":98},[47,9400,9401],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,9402,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,9404,9405,9408,9410,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421,9423,9426,9429,9431,9433,9435,9437,9439],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,9406,9407],{"class":53},"pairs ",[47,9409,58],{"class":57},[47,9411,9412],{"class":98}," [(",[47,9414,3493],{"class":61},[47,9416,594],{"class":65},[47,9418,3493],{"class":61},[47,9420,136],{"class":98},[47,9422,1545],{"class":80},[47,9424,9425],{"class":98},"),",[47,9427,9428],{"class":98}," (",[47,9430,3493],{"class":61},[47,9432,4957],{"class":65},[47,9434,3493],{"class":61},[47,9436,136],{"class":98},[47,9438,1562],{"class":80},[47,9440,9441],{"class":98},")]\n",[47,9443,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9455],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,9445,95],{"class":94},[47,9447,99],{"class":98},[47,9449,9015],{"class":1788},[47,9451,99],{"class":98},[47,9453,9454],{"class":102},"pairs",[47,9456,1796],{"class":98},[20,9458,9459],{},[280,9460,144],{},[38,9462,9464],{"className":40,"code":9463,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9465,9466,9501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9467,9468,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9469,9470],{"class":98},"{",[47,9472,3493],{"class":61},[47,9474,103],{"class":65},[47,9476,3493],{"class":61},[47,9478,420],{"class":98},[47,9480,3488],{"class":61},[47,9482,5201],{"class":65},[47,9484,3493],{"class":61},[47,9486,136],{"class":98},[47,9488,3488],{"class":61},[47,9490,116],{"class":65},[47,9492,3493],{"class":61},[47,9494,420],{"class":98},[47,9496,9497],{"class":80}," 25",[47,9499,9500],{"class":98},"}\n",[47,9502,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523,9525,9527],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9504,9470],{"class":98},[47,9506,3493],{"class":61},[47,9508,594],{"class":65},[47,9510,3493],{"class":61},[47,9512,420],{"class":98},[47,9514,1545],{"class":80},[47,9516,136],{"class":98},[47,9518,3488],{"class":61},[47,9520,4957],{"class":65},[47,9522,3493],{"class":61},[47,9524,420],{"class":98},[47,9526,1562],{"class":80},[47,9528,9500],{"class":98},[20,9530,167,9531,9533],{},[15,9532,9313],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[33,9535,174,9537,177],{"id":9536},"what-dict-does",[15,9538,9313],{},[20,9540,9541,9543],{},[15,9542,9313],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9545,9546],{},"A dictionary:",[187,9548,9549,9552,9555],{},[190,9550,9551],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[190,9553,9554],{},"lets you look up values by key",[190,9556,9557],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9559,9560,9562],{},[15,9561,9313],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9564,9565],{},"Common uses include:",[187,9567,9568,9571,9574],{},[190,9569,9570],{},"making an empty dictionary",[190,9572,9573],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[190,9575,9576],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9578,9579,9580,445],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[594,9581,9583],{"href":9582},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[33,9585,290],{"id":289},[20,9587,9588,9590],{},[15,9589,9313],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[447,9592,9594],{"id":9593},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[38,9596,9598],{"className":40,"code":9597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9599,9600,9610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9601,9602,9604,9606,9608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9603,9359],{"class":53},[47,9605,58],{"class":57},[47,9607,9364],{"class":1788},[47,9609,8836],{"class":98},[47,9611,9612,9614,9616,9618],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9613,95],{"class":94},[47,9615,99],{"class":98},[47,9617,9396],{"class":102},[47,9619,106],{"class":98},[20,9621,9622],{},[280,9623,144],{},[38,9625,9627],{"className":40,"code":9626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n",[15,9628,9629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9630,9631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9632,9626],{"class":98},[447,9634,9636],{"id":9635},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[38,9638,9640],{"className":40,"code":9639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9641,9642,9676,9690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9643,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9645,9407],{"class":53},[47,9647,58],{"class":57},[47,9649,9412],{"class":98},[47,9651,3493],{"class":61},[47,9653,594],{"class":65},[47,9655,3493],{"class":61},[47,9657,136],{"class":98},[47,9659,1545],{"class":80},[47,9661,9425],{"class":98},[47,9663,9428],{"class":98},[47,9665,3493],{"class":61},[47,9667,4957],{"class":65},[47,9669,3493],{"class":61},[47,9671,136],{"class":98},[47,9673,1562],{"class":80},[47,9675,9441],{"class":98},[47,9677,9678,9680,9682,9684,9686,9688],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9679,9359],{"class":53},[47,9681,58],{"class":57},[47,9683,9364],{"class":1788},[47,9685,99],{"class":98},[47,9687,9454],{"class":102},[47,9689,106],{"class":98},[47,9691,9692,9694,9696,9698],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,9693,95],{"class":94},[47,9695,99],{"class":98},[47,9697,9396],{"class":102},[47,9699,106],{"class":98},[20,9701,9702],{},[280,9703,144],{},[38,9705,9707],{"className":40,"code":9706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9708,9709],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9710,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9712,9470],{"class":98},[47,9714,3493],{"class":61},[47,9716,594],{"class":65},[47,9718,3493],{"class":61},[47,9720,420],{"class":98},[47,9722,1545],{"class":80},[47,9724,136],{"class":98},[47,9726,3488],{"class":61},[47,9728,4957],{"class":65},[47,9730,3493],{"class":61},[47,9732,420],{"class":98},[47,9734,1562],{"class":80},[47,9736,9500],{"class":98},[447,9738,9740],{"id":9739},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[38,9742,9744],{"className":40,"code":9743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9745,9746,9776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9747,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9749,9359],{"class":53},[47,9751,58],{"class":57},[47,9753,9364],{"class":1788},[47,9755,99],{"class":98},[47,9757,103],{"class":951},[47,9759,58],{"class":57},[47,9761,3493],{"class":61},[47,9763,5201],{"class":65},[47,9765,3493],{"class":61},[47,9767,136],{"class":98},[47,9769,676],{"class":951},[47,9771,58],{"class":57},[47,9773,9385],{"class":80},[47,9775,106],{"class":98},[47,9777,9778,9780,9782,9784],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9779,95],{"class":94},[47,9781,99],{"class":98},[47,9783,9396],{"class":102},[47,9785,106],{"class":98},[20,9787,9788],{},[280,9789,144],{},[38,9791,9793],{"className":40,"code":9792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9794,9795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9796,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9798,9470],{"class":98},[47,9800,3493],{"class":61},[47,9802,103],{"class":65},[47,9804,3493],{"class":61},[47,9806,420],{"class":98},[47,9808,3488],{"class":61},[47,9810,5201],{"class":65},[47,9812,3493],{"class":61},[47,9814,136],{"class":98},[47,9816,3488],{"class":61},[47,9818,116],{"class":65},[47,9820,3493],{"class":61},[47,9822,420],{"class":98},[47,9824,9497],{"class":80},[47,9826,9500],{"class":98},[447,9828,9830],{"id":9829},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9832,9833],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[38,9835,9837],{"className":40,"code":9836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9838,9839,9880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9840,9841,9843,9845,9847,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9874,9876,9878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9842,9359],{"class":53},[47,9844,58],{"class":57},[47,9846,9364],{"class":1788},[47,9848,9849],{"class":98},"([(",[47,9851,3493],{"class":61},[47,9853,594],{"class":65},[47,9855,3493],{"class":61},[47,9857,136],{"class":98},[47,9859,1545],{"class":80},[47,9861,9862],{"class":98},")],",[47,9864,2755],{"class":951},[47,9866,58],{"class":57},[47,9868,243],{"class":80},[47,9870,136],{"class":98},[47,9872,9873],{"class":951}," c",[47,9875,58],{"class":57},[47,9877,2263],{"class":80},[47,9879,106],{"class":98},[47,9881,9882,9884,9886,9888],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9883,95],{"class":94},[47,9885,99],{"class":98},[47,9887,9396],{"class":102},[47,9889,106],{"class":98},[20,9891,9892],{},[280,9893,144],{},[38,9895,9897],{"className":40,"code":9896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9898,9899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9900,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9932,9934,9936,9938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9902,9470],{"class":98},[47,9904,3493],{"class":61},[47,9906,594],{"class":65},[47,9908,3493],{"class":61},[47,9910,420],{"class":98},[47,9912,1545],{"class":80},[47,9914,136],{"class":98},[47,9916,3488],{"class":61},[47,9918,4957],{"class":65},[47,9920,3493],{"class":61},[47,9922,420],{"class":98},[47,9924,1562],{"class":80},[47,9926,136],{"class":98},[47,9928,3488],{"class":61},[47,9930,9931],{"class":65},"c",[47,9933,3493],{"class":61},[47,9935,420],{"class":98},[47,9937,249],{"class":80},[47,9939,9500],{"class":98},[33,9941,9594],{"id":9942},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9944,167,9945,9947],{},[15,9946,9313],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[38,9949,9951],{"className":40,"code":9950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9952,9953,9963,9977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9954,9955,9957,9959,9961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9956,9359],{"class":53},[47,9958,58],{"class":57},[47,9960,9364],{"class":1788},[47,9962,8836],{"class":98},[47,9964,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,9966,95],{"class":94},[47,9968,99],{"class":98},[47,9970,1922],{"class":1788},[47,9972,99],{"class":98},[47,9974,9396],{"class":102},[47,9976,1796],{"class":98},[47,9978,9979,9981,9983,9985],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,9980,95],{"class":94},[47,9982,99],{"class":98},[47,9984,9396],{"class":102},[47,9986,106],{"class":98},[20,9988,9989],{},[280,9990,144],{},[38,9992,9994],{"className":40,"code":9993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9995,9996,10010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,9997,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,9999,3482],{"class":57},[47,10001,3485],{"class":2266},[47,10003,3488],{"class":61},[47,10005,9015],{"class":65},[47,10007,3493],{"class":61},[47,10009,3496],{"class":57},[47,10011,10012],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10013,9626],{"class":98},[20,10015,10016],{},"This gives the same result as:",[38,10018,10020],{"className":40,"code":10019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n",[15,10021,10022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10023,10024,10026,10028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10025,9359],{"class":53},[47,10027,58],{"class":57},[47,10029,10030],{"class":98}," {}\n",[20,10032,10033,10034,10036,10037,10040,10041,10043],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10035,3984],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10038,10039],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10042,9313],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[33,10045,10047],{"id":10046},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10049,10050,10051,445],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10052,9313],{},[38,10054,10056],{"className":40,"code":10055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10057,10058,10096,10110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10059,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10061,9407],{"class":53},[47,10063,58],{"class":57},[47,10065,9412],{"class":98},[47,10067,3493],{"class":61},[47,10069,103],{"class":65},[47,10071,3493],{"class":61},[47,10073,136],{"class":98},[47,10075,3488],{"class":61},[47,10077,5201],{"class":65},[47,10079,3493],{"class":61},[47,10081,9425],{"class":98},[47,10083,9428],{"class":98},[47,10085,3493],{"class":61},[47,10087,116],{"class":65},[47,10089,3493],{"class":61},[47,10091,136],{"class":98},[47,10093,9497],{"class":80},[47,10095,9441],{"class":98},[47,10097,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10099,9359],{"class":53},[47,10101,58],{"class":57},[47,10103,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10105,99],{"class":98},[47,10107,9454],{"class":102},[47,10109,106],{"class":98},[47,10111,10112,10114,10116,10118],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,10113,95],{"class":94},[47,10115,99],{"class":98},[47,10117,9396],{"class":102},[47,10119,106],{"class":98},[20,10121,10122],{},[280,10123,144],{},[38,10125,10126],{"className":40,"code":9792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10127,10128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10129,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10131,9470],{"class":98},[47,10133,3493],{"class":61},[47,10135,103],{"class":65},[47,10137,3493],{"class":61},[47,10139,420],{"class":98},[47,10141,3488],{"class":61},[47,10143,5201],{"class":65},[47,10145,3493],{"class":61},[47,10147,136],{"class":98},[47,10149,3488],{"class":61},[47,10151,116],{"class":65},[47,10153,3493],{"class":61},[47,10155,420],{"class":98},[47,10157,9497],{"class":80},[47,10159,9500],{"class":98},[20,10161,10162],{},"Each pair becomes:",[187,10164,10165,10168],{},[190,10166,10167],{},"the first item as the key",[190,10169,10170],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10172,10173],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[38,10175,10177],{"className":40,"code":10176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10178,10179,10214,10228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10180,10181,10183,10185,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10182,9407],{"class":53},[47,10184,58],{"class":57},[47,10186,10187],{"class":98}," ((",[47,10189,3493],{"class":61},[47,10191,594],{"class":65},[47,10193,3493],{"class":61},[47,10195,136],{"class":98},[47,10197,1545],{"class":80},[47,10199,9425],{"class":98},[47,10201,9428],{"class":98},[47,10203,3493],{"class":61},[47,10205,4957],{"class":65},[47,10207,3493],{"class":61},[47,10209,136],{"class":98},[47,10211,1562],{"class":80},[47,10213,1796],{"class":98},[47,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10217,9359],{"class":53},[47,10219,58],{"class":57},[47,10221,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10223,99],{"class":98},[47,10225,9454],{"class":102},[47,10227,106],{"class":98},[47,10229,10230,10232,10234,10236],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,10231,95],{"class":94},[47,10233,99],{"class":98},[47,10235,9396],{"class":102},[47,10237,106],{"class":98},[20,10239,10240],{},[280,10241,144],{},[38,10243,10244],{"className":40,"code":9706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10245,10246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10247,10248,10250,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10249,9470],{"class":98},[47,10251,3493],{"class":61},[47,10253,594],{"class":65},[47,10255,3493],{"class":61},[47,10257,420],{"class":98},[47,10259,1545],{"class":80},[47,10261,136],{"class":98},[47,10263,3488],{"class":61},[47,10265,4957],{"class":65},[47,10267,3493],{"class":61},[47,10269,420],{"class":98},[47,10271,1562],{"class":80},[47,10273,9500],{"class":98},[20,10275,10276,10277,445],{},"Each item must contain ",[280,10278,10279],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10281,3030],{},[38,10283,10285],{"className":40,"code":10284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10286,10287,10327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10288,10289,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10290,10291],{"class":53},"bad_data ",[47,10293,58],{"class":57},[47,10295,9412],{"class":98},[47,10297,3493],{"class":61},[47,10299,594],{"class":65},[47,10301,3493],{"class":61},[47,10303,136],{"class":98},[47,10305,1545],{"class":80},[47,10307,136],{"class":98},[47,10309,10310],{"class":80}," 100",[47,10312,9425],{"class":98},[47,10314,9428],{"class":98},[47,10316,3493],{"class":61},[47,10318,4957],{"class":65},[47,10320,3493],{"class":61},[47,10322,136],{"class":98},[47,10324,1562],{"class":80},[47,10326,9441],{"class":98},[47,10328,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10330,1290],{"class":53},[47,10332,58],{"class":57},[47,10334,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10336,99],{"class":98},[47,10338,10339],{"class":102},"bad_data",[47,10341,106],{"class":98},[20,10343,10344,10345,10348],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10346,10347],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10350,10351],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[38,10353,10355],{"className":40,"code":10354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10356,10357,10406,10420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10358,10359,10361,10363,10365,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10360,9407],{"class":53},[47,10362,58],{"class":57},[47,10364,9412],{"class":98},[47,10366,3493],{"class":61},[47,10368,594],{"class":65},[47,10370,3493],{"class":61},[47,10372,136],{"class":98},[47,10374,1545],{"class":80},[47,10376,9425],{"class":98},[47,10378,9428],{"class":98},[47,10380,3493],{"class":61},[47,10382,594],{"class":65},[47,10384,3493],{"class":61},[47,10386,136],{"class":98},[47,10388,10389],{"class":80}," 99",[47,10391,9425],{"class":98},[47,10393,9428],{"class":98},[47,10395,3493],{"class":61},[47,10397,4957],{"class":65},[47,10399,3493],{"class":61},[47,10401,136],{"class":98},[47,10403,1562],{"class":80},[47,10405,9441],{"class":98},[47,10407,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10409,9359],{"class":53},[47,10411,58],{"class":57},[47,10413,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10415,99],{"class":98},[47,10417,9454],{"class":102},[47,10419,106],{"class":98},[47,10421,10422,10424,10426,10428],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,10423,95],{"class":94},[47,10425,99],{"class":98},[47,10427,9396],{"class":102},[47,10429,106],{"class":98},[20,10431,10432],{},[280,10433,144],{},[38,10435,10437],{"className":40,"code":10436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10438,10439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10440,10441,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10442,9470],{"class":98},[47,10444,3493],{"class":61},[47,10446,594],{"class":65},[47,10448,3493],{"class":61},[47,10450,420],{"class":98},[47,10452,10389],{"class":80},[47,10454,136],{"class":98},[47,10456,3488],{"class":61},[47,10458,4957],{"class":65},[47,10460,3493],{"class":61},[47,10462,420],{"class":98},[47,10464,1562],{"class":80},[47,10466,9500],{"class":98},[33,10468,10470],{"id":10469},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10472,10473],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[38,10475,10476],{"className":40,"code":9743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10477,10478,10508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10479,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10481,9359],{"class":53},[47,10483,58],{"class":57},[47,10485,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10487,99],{"class":98},[47,10489,103],{"class":951},[47,10491,58],{"class":57},[47,10493,3493],{"class":61},[47,10495,5201],{"class":65},[47,10497,3493],{"class":61},[47,10499,136],{"class":98},[47,10501,676],{"class":951},[47,10503,58],{"class":57},[47,10505,9385],{"class":80},[47,10507,106],{"class":98},[47,10509,10510,10512,10514,10516],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10511,95],{"class":94},[47,10513,99],{"class":98},[47,10515,9396],{"class":102},[47,10517,106],{"class":98},[20,10519,10520],{},[280,10521,144],{},[38,10523,10524],{"className":40,"code":9792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10525,10526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10527,10528,10530,10532,10534,10536,10538,10540,10542,10544,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10529,9470],{"class":98},[47,10531,3493],{"class":61},[47,10533,103],{"class":65},[47,10535,3493],{"class":61},[47,10537,420],{"class":98},[47,10539,3488],{"class":61},[47,10541,5201],{"class":65},[47,10543,3493],{"class":61},[47,10545,136],{"class":98},[47,10547,3488],{"class":61},[47,10549,116],{"class":65},[47,10551,3493],{"class":61},[47,10553,420],{"class":98},[47,10555,9497],{"class":80},[47,10557,9500],{"class":98},[20,10559,10560],{},"In this form:",[187,10562,10563,10571],{},[190,10564,10565,10567,10568],{},[15,10566,103],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10569,10570],{},"'name'",[190,10572,10573,10567,10575],{},[15,10574,116],{},[15,10576,10577],{},"'age'",[20,10579,10580],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10582,10583],{},"Valid examples:",[38,10585,10587],{"className":40,"code":10586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10588,10589,10627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10590,10591,10593,10595,10597,10599,10602,10604,10606,10609,10611,10613,10616,10618,10620,10623,10625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10592,9359],{"class":53},[47,10594,58],{"class":57},[47,10596,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10598,99],{"class":98},[47,10600,10601],{"class":951},"city",[47,10603,58],{"class":57},[47,10605,3493],{"class":61},[47,10607,10608],{"class":65},"Paris",[47,10610,3493],{"class":61},[47,10612,136],{"class":98},[47,10614,10615],{"class":951}," country",[47,10617,58],{"class":57},[47,10619,3493],{"class":61},[47,10621,10622],{"class":65},"France",[47,10624,3493],{"class":61},[47,10626,106],{"class":98},[47,10628,10629,10631,10633,10635],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10630,95],{"class":94},[47,10632,99],{"class":98},[47,10634,9396],{"class":102},[47,10636,106],{"class":98},[20,10638,10639],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[187,10641,10642,10645,10648],{},[190,10643,10644],{},"spaces",[190,10646,10647],{},"hyphens",[190,10649,10650],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10652,10653,10654,10657],{},"For example, this is ",[280,10655,10656],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[38,10659,10661],{"className":40,"code":10660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10662,10663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10664,10665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10666,10660],{"class":3857},[20,10668,10669],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[38,10671,10673],{"className":40,"code":10672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10674,10675,10718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10676,10677,10679,10681,10684,10686,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10706,10708,10710,10712,10714,10716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10678,9359],{"class":53},[47,10680,58],{"class":57},[47,10682,10683],{"class":98}," {",[47,10685,3493],{"class":61},[47,10687,10688],{"class":65},"first-name",[47,10690,3493],{"class":61},[47,10692,420],{"class":98},[47,10694,3488],{"class":61},[47,10696,7872],{"class":65},[47,10698,3493],{"class":61},[47,10700,136],{"class":98},[47,10702,3488],{"class":61},[47,10704,10705],{"class":65},"first name",[47,10707,3493],{"class":61},[47,10709,420],{"class":98},[47,10711,3488],{"class":61},[47,10713,7872],{"class":65},[47,10715,3493],{"class":61},[47,10717,9500],{"class":98},[47,10719,10720,10722,10724,10726],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10721,95],{"class":94},[47,10723,99],{"class":98},[47,10725,9396],{"class":102},[47,10727,106],{"class":98},[20,10729,10730],{},[280,10731,144],{},[38,10733,10735],{"className":40,"code":10734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10736,10737],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10738,10739,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10740,9470],{"class":98},[47,10742,3493],{"class":61},[47,10744,10688],{"class":65},[47,10746,3493],{"class":61},[47,10748,420],{"class":98},[47,10750,3488],{"class":61},[47,10752,7872],{"class":65},[47,10754,3493],{"class":61},[47,10756,136],{"class":98},[47,10758,3488],{"class":61},[47,10760,10705],{"class":65},[47,10762,3493],{"class":61},[47,10764,420],{"class":98},[47,10766,3488],{"class":61},[47,10768,7872],{"class":65},[47,10770,3493],{"class":61},[47,10772,9500],{"class":98},[33,10774,10776,10778,10779],{"id":10775},"dict-vs",[15,10777,9313],{}," vs ",[15,10780,3984],{},[20,10782,10783,10784,839,10786,10788],{},"Both ",[15,10785,9313],{},[15,10787,3984],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[447,10790,167,10792,10794],{"id":10791},"use-when",[15,10793,3984],{}," when:",[187,10796,10797,10800],{},[190,10798,10799],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[190,10801,10802],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[38,10804,10805],{"className":40,"code":10019,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,10806,10807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10808,10809,10811,10813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10810,9359],{"class":53},[47,10812,58],{"class":57},[47,10814,10030],{"class":98},[447,10816,167,10818,10794],{"id":10817},"use-dict-when",[15,10819,9313],{},[187,10821,10822,10825,10828],{},[190,10823,10824],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[190,10826,10827],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[190,10829,10830],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[38,10832,10834],{"className":40,"code":10833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10835,10836,10873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10837,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848,10850,10852,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10839,9359],{"class":53},[47,10841,58],{"class":57},[47,10843,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10845,9849],{"class":98},[47,10847,3493],{"class":61},[47,10849,594],{"class":65},[47,10851,3493],{"class":61},[47,10853,136],{"class":98},[47,10855,1545],{"class":80},[47,10857,9425],{"class":98},[47,10859,9428],{"class":98},[47,10861,3493],{"class":61},[47,10863,4957],{"class":65},[47,10865,3493],{"class":61},[47,10867,136],{"class":98},[47,10869,1562],{"class":80},[47,10871,10872],{"class":98},")])\n",[47,10874,10875,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10876,10877],{"class":53},"info ",[47,10879,58],{"class":57},[47,10881,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10883,99],{"class":98},[47,10885,103],{"class":951},[47,10887,58],{"class":57},[47,10889,3493],{"class":61},[47,10891,5201],{"class":65},[47,10893,3493],{"class":61},[47,10895,136],{"class":98},[47,10897,676],{"class":951},[47,10899,58],{"class":57},[47,10901,9385],{"class":80},[47,10903,106],{"class":98},[20,10905,10906],{},"So:",[187,10908,10909,10914],{},[190,10910,10911,10913],{},[15,10912,3984],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[190,10915,10916,10918],{},[15,10917,9313],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10920,10921,10922,10926,10927,445],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[594,10923,10925],{"href":10924},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[594,10928,10930,10931,10934],{"href":10929},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10932,10933],{},"get()"," method",[33,10936,10938],{"id":10937},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10940,10941,10942,445],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10943,9313],{},[447,10945,10947],{"id":10946},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10949,4720],{},[38,10951,10953],{"className":40,"code":10952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10954,10955,10979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,10956,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969,10971,10973,10975,10977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,10958,7975],{"class":53},[47,10960,58],{"class":57},[47,10962,3815],{"class":98},[47,10964,3493],{"class":61},[47,10966,594],{"class":65},[47,10968,3493],{"class":61},[47,10970,136],{"class":98},[47,10972,3488],{"class":61},[47,10974,4957],{"class":65},[47,10976,3493],{"class":61},[47,10978,3828],{"class":98},[47,10980,10981,10983,10985,10987,10989,10991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,10982,9359],{"class":53},[47,10984,58],{"class":57},[47,10986,9364],{"class":1788},[47,10988,99],{"class":98},[47,10990,8006],{"class":102},[47,10992,106],{"class":98},[20,10994,10995,10996,445],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10997,10998],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11000,1631],{},[38,11002,11004],{"className":40,"code":11003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11005,11006,11040,11054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11007,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11009,7975],{"class":53},[47,11011,58],{"class":57},[47,11013,9412],{"class":98},[47,11015,3493],{"class":61},[47,11017,594],{"class":65},[47,11019,3493],{"class":61},[47,11021,136],{"class":98},[47,11023,1545],{"class":80},[47,11025,9425],{"class":98},[47,11027,9428],{"class":98},[47,11029,3493],{"class":61},[47,11031,4957],{"class":65},[47,11033,3493],{"class":61},[47,11035,136],{"class":98},[47,11037,1562],{"class":80},[47,11039,9441],{"class":98},[47,11041,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11043,9359],{"class":53},[47,11045,58],{"class":57},[47,11047,9364],{"class":1788},[47,11049,99],{"class":98},[47,11051,8006],{"class":102},[47,11053,106],{"class":98},[47,11055,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,11057,95],{"class":94},[47,11059,99],{"class":98},[47,11061,9396],{"class":102},[47,11063,106],{"class":98},[447,11065,11067],{"id":11066},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11069,11070],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[38,11072,11074],{"className":40,"code":11073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11075,11076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11077,11078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11079,11073],{"class":3857},[20,11081,11082,11083,420],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11084,58],{},[38,11086,11088],{"className":40,"code":11087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11089,11090,11112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11091,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11093,9359],{"class":53},[47,11095,58],{"class":57},[47,11097,9364],{"class":1788},[47,11099,99],{"class":98},[47,11101,103],{"class":951},[47,11103,58],{"class":57},[47,11105,3493],{"class":61},[47,11107,5201],{"class":65},[47,11109,3493],{"class":61},[47,11111,106],{"class":98},[47,11113,11114,11116,11118,11120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11115,95],{"class":94},[47,11117,99],{"class":98},[47,11119,9396],{"class":102},[47,11121,106],{"class":98},[447,11123,11125],{"id":11124},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11127,11128],{},"This will not work:",[38,11130,11131],{"className":40,"code":10660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,11132,11133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11134,11135],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11136,10660],{"class":3857},[20,11138,11139],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[38,11141,11143],{"className":40,"code":11142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11144,11145,11169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11146,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155,11157,11159,11161,11163,11165,11167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11148,9359],{"class":53},[47,11150,58],{"class":57},[47,11152,10683],{"class":98},[47,11154,3493],{"class":61},[47,11156,10688],{"class":65},[47,11158,3493],{"class":61},[47,11160,420],{"class":98},[47,11162,3488],{"class":61},[47,11164,7872],{"class":65},[47,11166,3493],{"class":61},[47,11168,9500],{"class":98},[47,11170,11171,11173,11175,11177],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11172,95],{"class":94},[47,11174,99],{"class":98},[47,11176,9396],{"class":102},[47,11178,106],{"class":98},[447,11180,11182],{"id":11181},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11184,11185],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[38,11187,11189],{"className":40,"code":11188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11190,11191,11227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11192,11193,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219,11221,11223,11225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11194,9359],{"class":53},[47,11196,58],{"class":57},[47,11198,9364],{"class":1788},[47,11200,9849],{"class":98},[47,11202,3493],{"class":61},[47,11204,2374],{"class":65},[47,11206,3493],{"class":61},[47,11208,136],{"class":98},[47,11210,1545],{"class":80},[47,11212,9425],{"class":98},[47,11214,9428],{"class":98},[47,11216,3493],{"class":61},[47,11218,2374],{"class":65},[47,11220,3493],{"class":61},[47,11222,136],{"class":98},[47,11224,1562],{"class":80},[47,11226,10872],{"class":98},[47,11228,11229,11231,11233,11235],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11230,95],{"class":94},[47,11232,99],{"class":98},[47,11234,9396],{"class":102},[47,11236,106],{"class":98},[20,11238,11239],{},[280,11240,144],{},[38,11242,11244],{"className":40,"code":11243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11245,11246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11247,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11249,9470],{"class":98},[47,11251,3493],{"class":61},[47,11253,2374],{"class":65},[47,11255,3493],{"class":61},[47,11257,420],{"class":98},[47,11259,1562],{"class":80},[47,11261,9500],{"class":98},[20,11263,11264,11265,445],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[594,11266,11268],{"href":11267},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[33,11270,1595],{"id":1594},[20,11272,11273,11274,11276],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11275,9313],{}," include:",[187,11278,11279,11289,11295,11298],{},[190,11280,11281,11282,11285,11286],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11283,11284],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11287,11288],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[190,11290,11291,11292],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11293,11294],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[190,11296,11297],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[190,11299,11300,11301,11303],{},"confusing ",[15,11302,9313],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11305,11306],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,11308,11310],{"className":40,"code":11309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11311,11312,11326,11336,11347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11313,11314,11316,11318,11320,11322,11324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11315,95],{"class":94},[47,11317,99],{"class":98},[47,11319,1922],{"class":1788},[47,11321,99],{"class":98},[47,11323,9396],{"class":102},[47,11325,1796],{"class":98},[47,11327,11328,11330,11332,11334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11329,95],{"class":94},[47,11331,99],{"class":98},[47,11333,9396],{"class":102},[47,11335,106],{"class":98},[47,11337,11338,11340,11342,11345],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,11339,95],{"class":94},[47,11341,99],{"class":98},[47,11343,11344],{"class":102},"list_of_pairs",[47,11346,106],{"class":98},[47,11348,11349,11351,11353,11356,11358,11360],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,11350,95],{"class":94},[47,11352,99],{"class":98},[47,11354,11355],{"class":94},"len",[47,11357,99],{"class":98},[47,11359,11344],{"class":102},[47,11361,1796],{"class":98},[20,11363,11364],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[187,11366,11367,11370,11373],{},[190,11368,11369],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[190,11371,11372],{},"what data is being passed in",[190,11374,11375],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[33,11377,1969],{"id":1968},[447,11379,2055,11381,839,11383,2009],{"id":11380},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11382,9313],{},[15,11384,3984],{},[20,11386,11387,11389,11390,11392],{},[15,11388,3984],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11391,9313],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[447,11394,1989,11396,11398],{"id":11395},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11397,9313],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11400,11401,11402,445],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11403,11288],{},[447,11405,2002,11407,11410],{"id":11406},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11408,11409],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11412,11413],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[447,11415,11417,11418,11420],{"id":11416},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11419,9313],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11422,11423,11424,11427],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11425,11426],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[33,11429,2075],{"id":2074},[187,11431,11432,11437,11441,11446,11452],{},[190,11433,11434],{},[594,11435,11436],{"href":9582},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[190,11438,11439],{},[594,11440,9349],{"href":9348},[190,11442,11443],{},[594,11444,11445],{"href":10924},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[190,11447,11448],{},[594,11449,10930,11450,10934],{"href":10929},[15,11451,10933],{},[190,11453,11454],{},[594,11455,11456],{"href":11267},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2110,11458,11459],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":11461},[11462,11464,11470,11471,11472,11473,11480,11486,11487,11497],{"id":9536,"depth":72,"text":11463},"What dict() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":11465},[11466,11467,11468,11469],{"id":9593,"depth":84,"text":9594},{"id":9635,"depth":84,"text":9636},{"id":9739,"depth":84,"text":9740},{"id":9829,"depth":84,"text":9830},{"id":9942,"depth":72,"text":9594},{"id":10046,"depth":72,"text":10047},{"id":10469,"depth":72,"text":10470},{"id":10775,"depth":72,"text":11474,"children":11475},"dict() vs {}",[11476,11478],{"id":10791,"depth":84,"text":11477},"Use {} when:",{"id":10817,"depth":84,"text":11479},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10937,"depth":72,"text":10938,"children":11481},[11482,11483,11484,11485],{"id":10946,"depth":84,"text":10947},{"id":11066,"depth":84,"text":11067},{"id":11124,"depth":84,"text":11125},{"id":11181,"depth":84,"text":11182},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":11488},[11489,11491,11493,11495],{"id":11380,"depth":84,"text":11490},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11395,"depth":84,"text":11492},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11406,"depth":84,"text":11494},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11416,"depth":84,"text":11496},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9305,"description":11498},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11505,"title":11506,"body":11507,"description":13016,"extension":2167,"meta":13017,"navigation":87,"path":13018,"seo":13019,"stem":13020,"__hash__":13021},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11508,"toc":12985},[11509,11517,11523,11530,11532,11593,11598,11603,11608,11626,11629,11633,11635,11651,11654,11667,11671,11674,11808,11810,11877,11880,11896,11902,11908,11911,11993,11995,12008,12012,12018,12083,12085,12093,12096,12118,12124,12187,12193,12196,12210,12223,12227,12238,12243,12254,12261,12265,12271,12393,12395,12421,12424,12441,12444,12555,12557,12606,12608,12621,12630,12635,12640,12651,12653,12756,12779,12781,12785,12804,12807,12865,12868,12894,12896,12902,12905,12911,12915,12922,12930,12936,12939,12941,12982],[10,11510,11512,11513,11516],{"id":11511},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11514,11515],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11518,11519,11522],{},[15,11520,11521],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11524,11525,11526,11529],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[280,11527,11528],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[33,11531,36],{"id":35},[38,11533,11535],{"className":40,"code":11534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11536,11537,11569,11580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11538,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549,11551,11553,11555,11557,11559,11561,11563,11565,11567],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11540,9359],{"class":53},[47,11542,58],{"class":57},[47,11544,10683],{"class":98},[47,11546,128],{"class":61},[47,11548,594],{"class":65},[47,11550,128],{"class":61},[47,11552,420],{"class":98},[47,11554,1545],{"class":80},[47,11556,136],{"class":98},[47,11558,62],{"class":61},[47,11560,4957],{"class":65},[47,11562,128],{"class":61},[47,11564,420],{"class":98},[47,11566,1562],{"class":80},[47,11568,9500],{"class":98},[47,11570,11571,11573,11575,11578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11572,9396],{"class":53},[47,11574,445],{"class":98},[47,11576,11577],{"class":102},"clear",[47,11579,8836],{"class":98},[47,11581,11582,11584,11586,11588,11590],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,11583,95],{"class":94},[47,11585,99],{"class":98},[47,11587,9396],{"class":102},[47,11589,3854],{"class":98},[47,11591,11592],{"class":3857},"  # {}\n",[20,11594,11595,11597],{},[15,11596,11515],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[33,11599,174,11601,177],{"id":11600},"what-clear-does",[15,11602,11515],{},[20,11604,850,11605,11607],{},[15,11606,11515],{}," method:",[187,11609,11610,11613,11616,11621],{},[190,11611,11612],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[190,11614,11615],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[190,11617,11618,11619],{},"Returns ",[15,11620,285],{},[190,11622,11623,11624],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11625,3984],{},[20,11627,11628],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11630,9345,11631,445],{},[594,11632,9349],{"href":9348},[33,11634,290],{"id":289},[38,11636,11638],{"className":40,"code":11637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11639,11640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11641,11642,11645,11647,11649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11643,11644],{"class":53},"my_dict",[47,11646,445],{"class":98},[47,11648,11577],{"class":102},[47,11650,8836],{"class":98},[20,11652,11653],{},"Important points:",[187,11655,11656,11661,11664],{},[190,11657,11658,11660],{},[15,11659,11515],{}," takes no arguments",[190,11662,11663],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[190,11665,11666],{},"It empties that dictionary",[33,11668,11670],{"id":11669},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11672,11673],{},"Here is a basic example:",[38,11675,11677],{"className":40,"code":11676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11678,11679,11689,11710,11724,11741,11745,11749,11769,11773,11784,11788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11680,11681,11684,11686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11682,11683],{"class":53},"user ",[47,11685,58],{"class":57},[47,11687,11688],{"class":98}," {\n",[47,11690,11691,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702,11705,11707],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11692,11693],{"class":61},"    \"",[47,11695,103],{"class":65},[47,11697,128],{"class":61},[47,11699,420],{"class":98},[47,11701,62],{"class":61},[47,11703,11704],{"class":65},"Maya",[47,11706,128],{"class":61},[47,11708,11709],{"class":98},",\n",[47,11711,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,11713,11693],{"class":61},[47,11715,116],{"class":65},[47,11717,128],{"class":61},[47,11719,420],{"class":98},[47,11721,9497],{"class":80},[47,11723,11709],{"class":98},[47,11725,11726,11728,11730,11732,11734,11736,11739],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,11727,11693],{"class":61},[47,11729,10601],{"class":65},[47,11731,128],{"class":61},[47,11733,420],{"class":98},[47,11735,62],{"class":61},[47,11737,11738],{"class":65},"Berlin",[47,11740,69],{"class":61},[47,11742,11743],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,11744,9500],{"class":98},[47,11746,11747],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,11748,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,11750,11751,11753,11755,11757,11760,11762,11764,11767],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,11752,95],{"class":94},[47,11754,99],{"class":98},[47,11756,128],{"class":61},[47,11758,11759],{"class":65},"Before:",[47,11761,128],{"class":61},[47,11763,136],{"class":98},[47,11765,11766],{"class":102}," user",[47,11768,106],{"class":98},[47,11770,11771],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,11772,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,11774,11775,11778,11780,11782],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,11776,11777],{"class":53},"user",[47,11779,445],{"class":98},[47,11781,11577],{"class":102},[47,11783,8836],{"class":98},[47,11785,11786],{"class":49,"line":6630},[47,11787,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,11789,11791,11793,11795,11797,11800,11802,11804,11806],{"class":49,"line":11790},11,[47,11792,95],{"class":94},[47,11794,99],{"class":98},[47,11796,128],{"class":61},[47,11798,11799],{"class":65},"After:",[47,11801,128],{"class":61},[47,11803,136],{"class":98},[47,11805,11766],{"class":102},[47,11807,106],{"class":98},[20,11809,5754],{},[38,11811,11813],{"className":40,"code":11812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11814,11815,11868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11816,11817,11820,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11818,11819],{"class":53},"Before",[47,11821,420],{"class":98},[47,11823,10683],{"class":98},[47,11825,3493],{"class":61},[47,11827,103],{"class":65},[47,11829,3493],{"class":61},[47,11831,420],{"class":98},[47,11833,3488],{"class":61},[47,11835,11704],{"class":65},[47,11837,3493],{"class":61},[47,11839,136],{"class":98},[47,11841,3488],{"class":61},[47,11843,116],{"class":65},[47,11845,3493],{"class":61},[47,11847,420],{"class":98},[47,11849,9497],{"class":80},[47,11851,136],{"class":98},[47,11853,3488],{"class":61},[47,11855,10601],{"class":65},[47,11857,3493],{"class":61},[47,11859,420],{"class":98},[47,11861,3488],{"class":61},[47,11863,11738],{"class":65},[47,11865,3493],{"class":61},[47,11867,9500],{"class":98},[47,11869,11870,11873,11875],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11871,11872],{"class":53},"After",[47,11874,420],{"class":98},[47,11876,10030],{"class":98},[20,11878,11879],{},"What happens here:",[187,11881,11882,11887,11893],{},[190,11883,11884,11886],{},[15,11885,11777],{}," starts with three items",[190,11888,11889,11892],{},[15,11890,11891],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[190,11894,11895],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[33,11897,174,11899,11901],{"id":11898},"what-clear-returns",[15,11900,11515],{}," returns",[20,11903,11904,1270,11906,445],{},[15,11905,11515],{},[15,11907,285],{},[20,11909,11910],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,11912,11914],{"className":40,"code":11913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11915,11916,11950,11954,11969,11973,11983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,11917,11918,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939,11942,11944,11946,11948],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,11919,11920],{"class":53},"my_dict ",[47,11922,58],{"class":57},[47,11924,10683],{"class":98},[47,11926,128],{"class":61},[47,11928,2374],{"class":65},[47,11930,128],{"class":61},[47,11932,420],{"class":98},[47,11934,1545],{"class":80},[47,11936,136],{"class":98},[47,11938,62],{"class":61},[47,11940,11941],{"class":65},"y",[47,11943,128],{"class":61},[47,11945,420],{"class":98},[47,11947,1562],{"class":80},[47,11949,9500],{"class":98},[47,11951,11952],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,11953,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,11955,11956,11958,11960,11963,11965,11967],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,11957,1290],{"class":53},[47,11959,58],{"class":57},[47,11961,11962],{"class":53}," my_dict",[47,11964,445],{"class":98},[47,11966,11577],{"class":102},[47,11968,8836],{"class":98},[47,11970,11971],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,11972,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,11974,11975,11977,11979,11981],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,11976,95],{"class":94},[47,11978,99],{"class":98},[47,11980,1315],{"class":102},[47,11982,106],{"class":98},[47,11984,11985,11987,11989,11991],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,11986,95],{"class":94},[47,11988,99],{"class":98},[47,11990,11644],{"class":102},[47,11992,106],{"class":98},[20,11994,144],{},[38,11996,11998],{"className":40,"code":11997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{}\n",[15,11999,12000,12004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12001,12002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12003,1335],{"class":1334},[47,12005,12006],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12007,9626],{"class":98},[447,12009,12011],{"id":12010},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12013,12014,12015,12017],{},"Do ",[280,12016,4826],{}," do this:",[38,12019,12021],{"className":40,"code":12020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12022,12023,12055,12069,12073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12024,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12026,11920],{"class":53},[47,12028,58],{"class":57},[47,12030,10683],{"class":98},[47,12032,128],{"class":61},[47,12034,2374],{"class":65},[47,12036,128],{"class":61},[47,12038,420],{"class":98},[47,12040,1545],{"class":80},[47,12042,136],{"class":98},[47,12044,62],{"class":61},[47,12046,11941],{"class":65},[47,12048,128],{"class":61},[47,12050,420],{"class":98},[47,12052,1562],{"class":80},[47,12054,9500],{"class":98},[47,12056,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12058,11920],{"class":53},[47,12060,58],{"class":57},[47,12062,11962],{"class":53},[47,12064,445],{"class":98},[47,12066,11577],{"class":102},[47,12068,8836],{"class":98},[47,12070,12071],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12072,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12074,12075,12077,12079,12081],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,12076,95],{"class":94},[47,12078,99],{"class":98},[47,12080,11644],{"class":102},[47,12082,106],{"class":98},[20,12084,144],{},[38,12086,12087],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12088,12089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12090,12091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12092,1335],{"class":1334},[20,12094,12095],{},"Why this happens:",[187,12097,12098,12104,12109],{},[190,12099,12100,12103],{},[15,12101,12102],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[190,12105,12106,12107],{},"The method returns ",[15,12108,285],{},[190,12110,12111,12112,1359,12115,12117],{},"Then ",[15,12113,12114],{},"my_dict = ...",[15,12116,285],{}," in the variable",[20,12119,12120,12121,12123],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12122,11515],{}," by itself:",[38,12125,12127],{"className":40,"code":12126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12128,12129,12161,12171,12175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12130,12131,12133,12135,12137,12139,12141,12143,12145,12147,12149,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12132,11920],{"class":53},[47,12134,58],{"class":57},[47,12136,10683],{"class":98},[47,12138,128],{"class":61},[47,12140,2374],{"class":65},[47,12142,128],{"class":61},[47,12144,420],{"class":98},[47,12146,1545],{"class":80},[47,12148,136],{"class":98},[47,12150,62],{"class":61},[47,12152,11941],{"class":65},[47,12154,128],{"class":61},[47,12156,420],{"class":98},[47,12158,1562],{"class":80},[47,12160,9500],{"class":98},[47,12162,12163,12165,12167,12169],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12164,11644],{"class":53},[47,12166,445],{"class":98},[47,12168,11577],{"class":102},[47,12170,8836],{"class":98},[47,12172,12173],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12174,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12176,12177,12179,12181,12183,12185],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,12178,95],{"class":94},[47,12180,99],{"class":98},[47,12182,11644],{"class":102},[47,12184,3854],{"class":98},[47,12186,11592],{"class":3857},[33,12188,12190,12192],{"id":12189},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12191,11515],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12194,12195],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[38,12197,12198],{"className":40,"code":11637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,12199,12200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12201,12202,12204,12206,12208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12203,11644],{"class":53},[47,12205,445],{"class":98},[47,12207,11577],{"class":102},[47,12209,8836],{"class":98},[38,12211,12213],{"className":40,"code":12212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12214,12215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12216,12217,12219,12221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12218,11920],{"class":53},[47,12220,58],{"class":57},[47,12222,10030],{"class":98},[447,12224,12225],{"id":11577},[15,12226,11515],{},[187,12228,12229,12232,12235],{},[190,12230,12231],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[190,12233,12234],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[190,12236,12237],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[447,12239,12240],{"id":11644},[15,12241,12242],{},"my_dict = {}",[187,12244,12245,12248,12251],{},[190,12246,12247],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[190,12249,12250],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[190,12252,12253],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12255,12256,12257,445],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[594,12258,12260],{"href":12259},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12262,12264],{"id":12263},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12266,12267,12268,12270],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12269,11515],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[38,12272,12274],{"className":40,"code":12273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12275,12276,12309,12319,12323,12334,12338,12358,12378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12277,12278,12281,12283,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12299,12301,12303,12305,12307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12279,12280],{"class":53},"original ",[47,12282,58],{"class":57},[47,12284,10683],{"class":98},[47,12286,128],{"class":61},[47,12288,594],{"class":65},[47,12290,128],{"class":61},[47,12292,420],{"class":98},[47,12294,1545],{"class":80},[47,12296,136],{"class":98},[47,12298,62],{"class":61},[47,12300,4957],{"class":65},[47,12302,128],{"class":61},[47,12304,420],{"class":98},[47,12306,1562],{"class":80},[47,12308,9500],{"class":98},[47,12310,12311,12314,12316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12312,12313],{"class":53},"other_ref ",[47,12315,58],{"class":57},[47,12317,12318],{"class":53}," original\n",[47,12320,12321],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12322,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12324,12325,12328,12330,12332],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,12326,12327],{"class":53},"original",[47,12329,445],{"class":98},[47,12331,11577],{"class":102},[47,12333,8836],{"class":98},[47,12335,12336],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,12337,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12339,12340,12342,12344,12346,12349,12351,12353,12356],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,12341,95],{"class":94},[47,12343,99],{"class":98},[47,12345,128],{"class":61},[47,12347,12348],{"class":65},"original:",[47,12350,128],{"class":61},[47,12352,136],{"class":98},[47,12354,12355],{"class":102}," original",[47,12357,106],{"class":98},[47,12359,12360,12362,12364,12366,12369,12371,12373,12376],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,12361,95],{"class":94},[47,12363,99],{"class":98},[47,12365,128],{"class":61},[47,12367,12368],{"class":65},"other_ref:",[47,12370,128],{"class":61},[47,12372,136],{"class":98},[47,12374,12375],{"class":102}," other_ref",[47,12377,106],{"class":98},[47,12379,12380,12382,12384,12386,12389,12391],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,12381,95],{"class":94},[47,12383,99],{"class":98},[47,12385,12280],{"class":102},[47,12387,12388],{"class":1461},"is",[47,12390,12375],{"class":102},[47,12392,106],{"class":98},[20,12394,144],{},[38,12396,12398],{"className":40,"code":12397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12399,12400,12408,12417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12401,12402,12404,12406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12403,12327],{"class":53},[47,12405,420],{"class":98},[47,12407,10030],{"class":98},[47,12409,12410,12413,12415],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12411,12412],{"class":53},"other_ref",[47,12414,420],{"class":98},[47,12416,10030],{"class":98},[47,12418,12419],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12420,4172],{"class":1334},[20,12422,12423],{},"This shows:",[187,12425,12426,12433,12438],{},[190,12427,12428,839,12430,12432],{},[15,12429,12327],{},[15,12431,12412],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[190,12434,12435,12437],{},[15,12436,11515],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[190,12439,12440],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12442,12443],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[38,12445,12447],{"className":40,"code":12446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12448,12449,12481,12489,12493,12501,12505,12523,12541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12450,12451,12453,12455,12457,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12452,12280],{"class":53},[47,12454,58],{"class":57},[47,12456,10683],{"class":98},[47,12458,128],{"class":61},[47,12460,594],{"class":65},[47,12462,128],{"class":61},[47,12464,420],{"class":98},[47,12466,1545],{"class":80},[47,12468,136],{"class":98},[47,12470,62],{"class":61},[47,12472,4957],{"class":65},[47,12474,128],{"class":61},[47,12476,420],{"class":98},[47,12478,1562],{"class":80},[47,12480,9500],{"class":98},[47,12482,12483,12485,12487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12484,12313],{"class":53},[47,12486,58],{"class":57},[47,12488,12318],{"class":53},[47,12490,12491],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12492,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12494,12495,12497,12499],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,12496,12280],{"class":53},[47,12498,58],{"class":57},[47,12500,10030],{"class":98},[47,12502,12503],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,12504,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12506,12507,12509,12511,12513,12515,12517,12519,12521],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,12508,95],{"class":94},[47,12510,99],{"class":98},[47,12512,128],{"class":61},[47,12514,12348],{"class":65},[47,12516,128],{"class":61},[47,12518,136],{"class":98},[47,12520,12355],{"class":102},[47,12522,106],{"class":98},[47,12524,12525,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,12526,95],{"class":94},[47,12528,99],{"class":98},[47,12530,128],{"class":61},[47,12532,12368],{"class":65},[47,12534,128],{"class":61},[47,12536,136],{"class":98},[47,12538,12375],{"class":102},[47,12540,106],{"class":98},[47,12542,12543,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,12544,95],{"class":94},[47,12546,99],{"class":98},[47,12548,12280],{"class":102},[47,12550,12388],{"class":1461},[47,12552,12375],{"class":102},[47,12554,106],{"class":98},[20,12556,144],{},[38,12558,12560],{"className":40,"code":12559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12561,12562,12570,12602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12563,12564,12566,12568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12565,12327],{"class":53},[47,12567,420],{"class":98},[47,12569,10030],{"class":98},[47,12571,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592,12594,12596,12598,12600],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12573,12412],{"class":53},[47,12575,420],{"class":98},[47,12577,10683],{"class":98},[47,12579,3493],{"class":61},[47,12581,594],{"class":65},[47,12583,3493],{"class":61},[47,12585,420],{"class":98},[47,12587,1545],{"class":80},[47,12589,136],{"class":98},[47,12591,3488],{"class":61},[47,12593,4957],{"class":65},[47,12595,3493],{"class":61},[47,12597,420],{"class":98},[47,12599,1562],{"class":80},[47,12601,9500],{"class":98},[47,12603,12604],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12605,4233],{"class":1334},[20,12607,2379],{},[187,12609,12610,12616],{},[190,12611,12612,12615],{},[15,12613,12614],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[190,12617,12618,12620],{},[15,12619,12412],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12622,12623,12624,445],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[594,12625,12627],{"href":12626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12628,12629],{},"dict.copy()",[33,12631,5158,12633],{"id":12632},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12634,11515],{},[20,12636,12637,12639],{},[15,12638,11515],{}," is useful when you want to:",[187,12641,12642,12645,12648],{},[190,12643,12644],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[190,12646,12647],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[190,12649,12650],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12652,204],{},[38,12654,12656],{"className":40,"code":12655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12657,12658,12667,12683,12703,12716,12720,12724,12729,12740,12744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12659,12660,12663,12665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12661,12662],{"class":53},"session_data ",[47,12664,58],{"class":57},[47,12666,11688],{"class":98},[47,12668,12669,12671,12674,12676,12678,12681],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12670,11693],{"class":61},[47,12672,12673],{"class":65},"user_id",[47,12675,128],{"class":61},[47,12677,420],{"class":98},[47,12679,12680],{"class":80}," 101",[47,12682,11709],{"class":98},[47,12684,12685,12687,12690,12692,12694,12696,12699,12701],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12686,11693],{"class":61},[47,12688,12689],{"class":65},"theme",[47,12691,128],{"class":61},[47,12693,420],{"class":98},[47,12695,62],{"class":61},[47,12697,12698],{"class":65},"dark",[47,12700,128],{"class":61},[47,12702,11709],{"class":98},[47,12704,12705,12707,12710,12712,12714],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,12706,11693],{"class":61},[47,12708,12709],{"class":65},"logged_in",[47,12711,128],{"class":61},[47,12713,420],{"class":98},[47,12715,6616],{"class":1334},[47,12717,12718],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,12719,9500],{"class":98},[47,12721,12722],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,12723,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12725,12726],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,12727,12728],{"class":3857},"# Reset for a new session\n",[47,12730,12731,12734,12736,12738],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,12732,12733],{"class":53},"session_data",[47,12735,445],{"class":98},[47,12737,11577],{"class":102},[47,12739,8836],{"class":98},[47,12741,12742],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,12743,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,12745,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754],{"class":49,"line":6630},[47,12747,95],{"class":94},[47,12749,99],{"class":98},[47,12751,12733],{"class":102},[47,12753,3854],{"class":98},[47,12755,11592],{"class":3857},[20,12757,12758,12759,12765,12766,445,12770,12772,12773,445],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[594,12760,12762],{"href":12761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12763,12764],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[594,12767,12769],{"href":12768},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10038,12771],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[594,12774,12776],{"href":12775},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12777,12778],{},"dict.popitem()",[33,12780,1595],{"id":1594},[20,12782,10941,12783,420],{},[15,12784,11515],{},[187,12786,12787,12793,12798,12801],{},[190,12788,12789,12790,12792],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12791,11515],{}," to a variable",[190,12794,1807,12795,12797],{},[15,12796,11515],{}," to return a new dictionary",[190,12799,12800],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[190,12802,12803],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12805,12806],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[38,12808,12810],{"className":40,"code":12809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12811,12812,12822,12836,12851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,12813,12814,12816,12818,12820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,12815,95],{"class":94},[47,12817,99],{"class":98},[47,12819,11644],{"class":102},[47,12821,106],{"class":98},[47,12823,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,12825,95],{"class":94},[47,12827,99],{"class":98},[47,12829,1922],{"class":1788},[47,12831,99],{"class":98},[47,12833,11644],{"class":102},[47,12835,1796],{"class":98},[47,12837,12838,12840,12842,12845,12847,12849],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,12839,95],{"class":94},[47,12841,99],{"class":98},[47,12843,12844],{"class":94},"id",[47,12846,99],{"class":98},[47,12848,11644],{"class":102},[47,12850,1796],{"class":98},[47,12852,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,12854,95],{"class":94},[47,12856,99],{"class":98},[47,12858,12313],{"class":102},[47,12860,12388],{"class":1461},[47,12862,11962],{"class":102},[47,12864,106],{"class":98},[20,12866,12867],{},"What these show:",[187,12869,12870,12876,12882,12888],{},[190,12871,12872,12875],{},[15,12873,12874],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[190,12877,12878,12881],{},[15,12879,12880],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[190,12883,12884,12887],{},[15,12885,12886],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[190,12889,12890,12893],{},[15,12891,12892],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[33,12895,1969],{"id":1968},[447,12897,1973,12899,12901],{"id":12898},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12900,11515],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12903,12904],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[447,12906,5339,12908,12910],{"id":12907},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12909,11521],{}," return?",[20,12912,5345,12913,445],{},[15,12914,285],{},[447,12916,2055,12918,839,12920,2009],{"id":12917},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12919,11515],{},[15,12921,3984],{},[20,12923,12924,12926,12927,12929],{},[15,12925,11515],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12928,3984],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[447,12931,1973,12933,12935],{"id":12932},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12934,11515],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12937,12938],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[33,12940,2075],{"id":2074},[187,12942,12943,12947,12951,12958,12965,12972,12977],{},[190,12944,12945],{},[594,12946,9349],{"href":9348},[190,12948,12949],{},[594,12950,11436],{"href":9582},[190,12952,12953],{},[594,12954,10930,12955,10934],{"href":12761},[15,12956,12957],{},"pop()",[190,12959,12960],{},[594,12961,10930,12962,10934],{"href":12775},[15,12963,12964],{},"popitem()",[190,12966,12967],{},[594,12968,10930,12969,10934],{"href":12626},[15,12970,12971],{},"copy()",[190,12973,12974],{},[594,12975,12976],{"href":12259},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[190,12978,12979],{},[594,12980,12981],{"href":12768},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2110,12983,12984],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":12986},[12987,12988,12990,12991,12992,12996,13001,13002,13004,13005,13015],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":11600,"depth":72,"text":12989},"What clear() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":11898,"depth":72,"text":12993,"children":12994},"What clear() returns",[12995],{"id":12010,"depth":84,"text":12011},{"id":12189,"depth":72,"text":12997,"children":12998},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12999,13000],{"id":11577,"depth":84,"text":11515},{"id":11644,"depth":84,"text":12242},{"id":12263,"depth":72,"text":12264},{"id":12632,"depth":72,"text":13003},"When to use clear()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":13006},[13007,13009,13011,13013],{"id":12898,"depth":84,"text":13008},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12907,"depth":84,"text":13010},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12917,"depth":84,"text":13012},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12932,"depth":84,"text":13014},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11506,"description":13016},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13023,"title":13024,"body":13025,"description":15191,"extension":2167,"meta":15192,"navigation":87,"path":15193,"seo":15194,"stem":15195,"__hash__":15196},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13026,"toc":15163},[13027,13032,13037,13047,13049,13138,13142,13183,13188,13195,13213,13222,13224,13245,13248,13260,13262,13339,13343,13384,13386,13389,13517,13521,13601,13604,13622,13625,13629,13635,13637,13648,13650,13845,13849,13955,13958,13976,13979,13986,13991,13995,14009,14011,14138,14142,14222,14235,14241,14244,14252,14256,14381,14385,14459,14464,14595,14599,14673,14676,14690,14694,14698,14712,14714,14850,14854,14923,14925,14930,14952,14955,15062,15065,15076,15083,15085,15091,15094,15101,15104,15111,15119,15123,15126,15128,15160],[10,13028,11512,13030,11516],{"id":13029},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13031,12971],{},[20,13033,13034,13036],{},[15,13035,12629],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13038,13039,13040,13042,13043,13046],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13041,12971],{}," makes a ",[280,13044,13045],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[33,13048,36],{"id":35},[38,13050,13052],{"className":40,"code":13051,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13053,13054,13092,13109,13113,13124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13055,13056,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13057,13058],{"class":53},"student ",[47,13060,58],{"class":57},[47,13062,10683],{"class":98},[47,13064,128],{"class":61},[47,13066,103],{"class":65},[47,13068,128],{"class":61},[47,13070,420],{"class":98},[47,13072,62],{"class":61},[47,13074,13075],{"class":65},"Ana",[47,13077,128],{"class":61},[47,13079,136],{"class":98},[47,13081,62],{"class":61},[47,13083,116],{"class":65},[47,13085,128],{"class":61},[47,13087,420],{"class":98},[47,13089,7986],{"class":80},[47,13091,9500],{"class":98},[47,13093,13094,13097,13099,13102,13104,13107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13095,13096],{"class":53},"student_copy ",[47,13098,58],{"class":57},[47,13100,13101],{"class":53}," student",[47,13103,445],{"class":98},[47,13105,13106],{"class":102},"copy",[47,13108,8836],{"class":98},[47,13110,13111],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,13112,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,13114,13115,13117,13119,13122],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,13116,95],{"class":94},[47,13118,99],{"class":98},[47,13120,13121],{"class":102},"student_copy",[47,13123,106],{"class":98},[47,13125,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,13127,95],{"class":94},[47,13129,99],{"class":98},[47,13131,13096],{"class":102},[47,13133,12388],{"class":1461},[47,13135,13101],{"class":102},[47,13137,106],{"class":98},[20,13139,13140],{},[280,13141,144],{},[38,13143,13145],{"className":40,"code":13144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13146,13147,13179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13148,13149,13151,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13150,9470],{"class":98},[47,13152,3493],{"class":61},[47,13154,103],{"class":65},[47,13156,3493],{"class":61},[47,13158,420],{"class":98},[47,13160,3488],{"class":61},[47,13162,13075],{"class":65},[47,13164,3493],{"class":61},[47,13166,136],{"class":98},[47,13168,3488],{"class":61},[47,13170,116],{"class":65},[47,13172,3493],{"class":61},[47,13174,420],{"class":98},[47,13176,7986],{"class":80},[47,13178,9500],{"class":98},[47,13180,13181],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13182,4233],{"class":1334},[20,13184,167,13185,13187],{},[15,13186,12971],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[33,13189,13191,13192,13194],{"id":13190},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13193,12971],{}," method does",[187,13196,13197,13202,13205,13210],{},[190,13198,13199,13201],{},[15,13200,12629],{}," returns a new dictionary",[190,13203,13204],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[190,13206,13207,13208],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13209,12971],{},[190,13211,13212],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13214,13215,13216,3072,13219,445],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[594,13217,9349],{"href":13218},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[594,13220,9583],{"href":13221},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[33,13223,290],{"id":289},[38,13225,13227],{"className":40,"code":13226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13228,13229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13230,13231,13234,13236,13239,13241,13243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13232,13233],{"class":53},"new_dict ",[47,13235,58],{"class":57},[47,13237,13238],{"class":53}," old_dict",[47,13240,445],{"class":98},[47,13242,13106],{"class":102},[47,13244,8836],{"class":98},[20,13246,13247],{},"Key points:",[187,13249,13250,13254,13257],{},[190,13251,13252,11660],{},[15,13253,12971],{},[190,13255,13256],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[190,13258,13259],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13261,204],{},[38,13263,13265],{"className":40,"code":13264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13266,13267,13308,13324,13328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13268,13269,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13270,13271],{"class":53},"colors ",[47,13273,58],{"class":57},[47,13275,10683],{"class":98},[47,13277,128],{"class":61},[47,13279,594],{"class":65},[47,13281,128],{"class":61},[47,13283,420],{"class":98},[47,13285,62],{"class":61},[47,13287,876],{"class":65},[47,13289,128],{"class":61},[47,13291,136],{"class":98},[47,13293,62],{"class":61},[47,13295,4957],{"class":65},[47,13297,128],{"class":61},[47,13299,420],{"class":98},[47,13301,62],{"class":61},[47,13303,894],{"class":65},[47,13305,128],{"class":61},[47,13307,9500],{"class":98},[47,13309,13310,13313,13315,13318,13320,13322],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13311,13312],{"class":53},"new_colors ",[47,13314,58],{"class":57},[47,13316,13317],{"class":53}," colors",[47,13319,445],{"class":98},[47,13321,13106],{"class":102},[47,13323,8836],{"class":98},[47,13325,13326],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,13327,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,13329,13330,13332,13334,13337],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,13331,95],{"class":94},[47,13333,99],{"class":98},[47,13335,13336],{"class":102},"new_colors",[47,13338,106],{"class":98},[20,13340,13341],{},[280,13342,144],{},[38,13344,13346],{"className":40,"code":13345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13347,13348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13349,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13351,9470],{"class":98},[47,13353,3493],{"class":61},[47,13355,594],{"class":65},[47,13357,3493],{"class":61},[47,13359,420],{"class":98},[47,13361,3488],{"class":61},[47,13363,876],{"class":65},[47,13365,3493],{"class":61},[47,13367,136],{"class":98},[47,13369,3488],{"class":61},[47,13371,4957],{"class":65},[47,13373,3493],{"class":61},[47,13375,420],{"class":98},[47,13377,3488],{"class":61},[47,13379,894],{"class":65},[47,13381,3493],{"class":61},[47,13383,9500],{"class":98},[33,13385,11670],{"id":11669},[20,13387,13388],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[38,13390,13392],{"className":40,"code":13391,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13393,13394,13432,13448,13452,13474,13478,13497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13395,13396,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13416,13418,13420,13422,13424,13426,13428,13430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13397,13398],{"class":53},"person ",[47,13400,58],{"class":57},[47,13402,10683],{"class":98},[47,13404,128],{"class":61},[47,13406,103],{"class":65},[47,13408,128],{"class":61},[47,13410,420],{"class":98},[47,13412,62],{"class":61},[47,13414,13415],{"class":65},"Liam",[47,13417,128],{"class":61},[47,13419,136],{"class":98},[47,13421,62],{"class":61},[47,13423,116],{"class":65},[47,13425,128],{"class":61},[47,13427,420],{"class":98},[47,13429,9497],{"class":80},[47,13431,9500],{"class":98},[47,13433,13434,13437,13439,13442,13444,13446],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13435,13436],{"class":53},"person_copy ",[47,13438,58],{"class":57},[47,13440,13441],{"class":53}," person",[47,13443,445],{"class":98},[47,13445,13106],{"class":102},[47,13447,8836],{"class":98},[47,13449,13450],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,13451,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,13453,13454,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13468,13471],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,13455,13456],{"class":53},"person_copy",[47,13458,4092],{"class":98},[47,13460,128],{"class":61},[47,13462,116],{"class":65},[47,13464,128],{"class":61},[47,13466,13467],{"class":98},"]",[47,13469,13470],{"class":57}," =",[47,13472,13473],{"class":80}," 26\n",[47,13475,13476],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,13477,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,13479,13480,13482,13484,13486,13489,13491,13493,13495],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,13481,95],{"class":94},[47,13483,99],{"class":98},[47,13485,128],{"class":61},[47,13487,13488],{"class":65},"Original:",[47,13490,128],{"class":61},[47,13492,136],{"class":98},[47,13494,13441],{"class":102},[47,13496,106],{"class":98},[47,13498,13499,13501,13503,13505,13508,13510,13512,13515],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,13500,95],{"class":94},[47,13502,99],{"class":98},[47,13504,128],{"class":61},[47,13506,13507],{"class":65},"Copy:",[47,13509,128],{"class":61},[47,13511,136],{"class":98},[47,13513,13514],{"class":102}," person_copy",[47,13516,106],{"class":98},[20,13518,13519],{},[280,13520,144],{},[38,13522,13524],{"className":40,"code":13523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13525,13526,13563],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13527,13528,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13529,13530],{"class":53},"Original",[47,13532,420],{"class":98},[47,13534,10683],{"class":98},[47,13536,3493],{"class":61},[47,13538,103],{"class":65},[47,13540,3493],{"class":61},[47,13542,420],{"class":98},[47,13544,3488],{"class":61},[47,13546,13415],{"class":65},[47,13548,3493],{"class":61},[47,13550,136],{"class":98},[47,13552,3488],{"class":61},[47,13554,116],{"class":65},[47,13556,3493],{"class":61},[47,13558,420],{"class":98},[47,13560,9497],{"class":80},[47,13562,9500],{"class":98},[47,13564,13565,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13599],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13566,13567],{"class":53},"Copy",[47,13569,420],{"class":98},[47,13571,10683],{"class":98},[47,13573,3493],{"class":61},[47,13575,103],{"class":65},[47,13577,3493],{"class":61},[47,13579,420],{"class":98},[47,13581,3488],{"class":61},[47,13583,13415],{"class":65},[47,13585,3493],{"class":61},[47,13587,136],{"class":98},[47,13589,3488],{"class":61},[47,13591,116],{"class":65},[47,13593,3493],{"class":61},[47,13595,420],{"class":98},[47,13597,13598],{"class":80}," 26",[47,13600,9500],{"class":98},[20,13602,13603],{},"What happened here:",[187,13605,13606,13612,13619],{},[190,13607,13608,13611],{},[15,13609,13610],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[190,13613,13614,13615,13618],{},"Changing ",[15,13616,13617],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[190,13620,13621],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13623,13624],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[33,13626,13628],{"id":13627},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13630,13631,13042,13633,445],{},[15,13632,12971],{},[280,13634,13045],{},[20,13636,2308],{},[187,13638,13639,13642,13645],{},[190,13640,13641],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[190,13643,13644],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[190,13646,13647],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13649,204],{},[38,13651,13653],{"className":40,"code":13652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13654,13655,13663,13681,13704,13708,13712,13726,13730,13755,13759,13777,13796,13811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13656,13657,13659,13661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13658,13058],{"class":53},[47,13660,58],{"class":57},[47,13662,11688],{"class":98},[47,13664,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13666,11693],{"class":61},[47,13668,103],{"class":65},[47,13670,128],{"class":61},[47,13672,420],{"class":98},[47,13674,62],{"class":61},[47,13676,13075],{"class":65},[47,13678,128],{"class":61},[47,13680,11709],{"class":98},[47,13682,13683,13685,13688,13690,13692,13694,13697,13699,13702],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,13684,11693],{"class":61},[47,13686,13687],{"class":65},"grades",[47,13689,128],{"class":61},[47,13691,420],{"class":98},[47,13693,3815],{"class":98},[47,13695,13696],{"class":80},"90",[47,13698,136],{"class":98},[47,13700,13701],{"class":80}," 85",[47,13703,3828],{"class":98},[47,13705,13706],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,13707,9500],{"class":98},[47,13709,13710],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,13711,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,13713,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,13715,13096],{"class":53},[47,13717,58],{"class":57},[47,13719,13101],{"class":53},[47,13721,445],{"class":98},[47,13723,13106],{"class":102},[47,13725,8836],{"class":98},[47,13727,13728],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,13729,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,13731,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13745,13748,13750,13753],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,13733,13121],{"class":53},[47,13735,4092],{"class":98},[47,13737,128],{"class":61},[47,13739,13687],{"class":65},[47,13741,128],{"class":61},[47,13743,13744],{"class":98},"].",[47,13746,13747],{"class":102},"append",[47,13749,99],{"class":98},[47,13751,13752],{"class":80},"100",[47,13754,106],{"class":98},[47,13756,13757],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,13758,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,13760,13761,13763,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775],{"class":49,"line":6630},[47,13762,95],{"class":94},[47,13764,99],{"class":98},[47,13766,128],{"class":61},[47,13768,13488],{"class":65},[47,13770,128],{"class":61},[47,13772,136],{"class":98},[47,13774,13101],{"class":102},[47,13776,106],{"class":98},[47,13778,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13794],{"class":49,"line":11790},[47,13780,95],{"class":94},[47,13782,99],{"class":98},[47,13784,128],{"class":61},[47,13786,13507],{"class":65},[47,13788,128],{"class":61},[47,13790,136],{"class":98},[47,13792,13793],{"class":102}," student_copy",[47,13795,106],{"class":98},[47,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809],{"class":49,"line":13798},12,[47,13800,95],{"class":94},[47,13802,99],{"class":98},[47,13804,13058],{"class":102},[47,13806,12388],{"class":1461},[47,13808,13793],{"class":102},[47,13810,106],{"class":98},[47,13812,13814,13816,13818,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843],{"class":49,"line":13813},13,[47,13815,95],{"class":94},[47,13817,99],{"class":98},[47,13819,13820],{"class":102},"student",[47,13822,4092],{"class":98},[47,13824,128],{"class":61},[47,13826,13687],{"class":65},[47,13828,128],{"class":61},[47,13830,13467],{"class":98},[47,13832,8291],{"class":1461},[47,13834,13793],{"class":102},[47,13836,4092],{"class":98},[47,13838,128],{"class":61},[47,13840,13687],{"class":65},[47,13842,128],{"class":61},[47,13844,4080],{"class":98},[20,13846,13847],{},[280,13848,144],{},[38,13850,13852],{"className":40,"code":13851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13853,13854,13901,13947,13951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,13855,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,13857,13530],{"class":53},[47,13859,420],{"class":98},[47,13861,10683],{"class":98},[47,13863,3493],{"class":61},[47,13865,103],{"class":65},[47,13867,3493],{"class":61},[47,13869,420],{"class":98},[47,13871,3488],{"class":61},[47,13873,13075],{"class":65},[47,13875,3493],{"class":61},[47,13877,136],{"class":98},[47,13879,3488],{"class":61},[47,13881,13687],{"class":65},[47,13883,3493],{"class":61},[47,13885,420],{"class":98},[47,13887,3815],{"class":98},[47,13889,13696],{"class":80},[47,13891,136],{"class":98},[47,13893,13701],{"class":80},[47,13895,136],{"class":98},[47,13897,10310],{"class":80},[47,13899,13900],{"class":98},"]}\n",[47,13902,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943,13945],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,13904,13567],{"class":53},[47,13906,420],{"class":98},[47,13908,10683],{"class":98},[47,13910,3493],{"class":61},[47,13912,103],{"class":65},[47,13914,3493],{"class":61},[47,13916,420],{"class":98},[47,13918,3488],{"class":61},[47,13920,13075],{"class":65},[47,13922,3493],{"class":61},[47,13924,136],{"class":98},[47,13926,3488],{"class":61},[47,13928,13687],{"class":65},[47,13930,3493],{"class":61},[47,13932,420],{"class":98},[47,13934,3815],{"class":98},[47,13936,13696],{"class":80},[47,13938,136],{"class":98},[47,13940,13701],{"class":80},[47,13942,136],{"class":98},[47,13944,10310],{"class":80},[47,13946,13900],{"class":98},[47,13948,13949],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,13950,4233],{"class":1334},[47,13952,13953],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,13954,4172],{"class":1334},[20,13956,13957],{},"Notice the difference:",[187,13959,13960,13968],{},[190,13961,13962,4980,13965,13967],{},[15,13963,13964],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13966,3868],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[190,13969,13970,4980,13973,13975],{},[15,13971,13972],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13974,3795],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13977,13978],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13980,13981,13982,445],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[594,13983,13985],{"href":13984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[33,13987,5158,13989],{"id":13988},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13990,12971],{},[20,13992,167,13993,10794],{},[15,13994,12971],{},[187,13996,13997,14000,14003,14006],{},[190,13998,13999],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[190,14001,14002],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[190,14004,14005],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[190,14007,14008],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14010,204],{},[38,14012,14014],{"className":40,"code":14013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14015,14016,14055,14071,14075,14095,14099,14118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14017,14018,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14046,14048,14050,14053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14019,14020],{"class":53},"settings ",[47,14022,58],{"class":57},[47,14024,10683],{"class":98},[47,14026,128],{"class":61},[47,14028,12689],{"class":65},[47,14030,128],{"class":61},[47,14032,420],{"class":98},[47,14034,62],{"class":61},[47,14036,12698],{"class":65},[47,14038,128],{"class":61},[47,14040,136],{"class":98},[47,14042,62],{"class":61},[47,14044,14045],{"class":65},"font_size",[47,14047,128],{"class":61},[47,14049,420],{"class":98},[47,14051,14052],{"class":80}," 14",[47,14054,9500],{"class":98},[47,14056,14057,14060,14062,14065,14067,14069],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14058,14059],{"class":53},"settings_backup ",[47,14061,58],{"class":57},[47,14063,14064],{"class":53}," settings",[47,14066,445],{"class":98},[47,14068,13106],{"class":102},[47,14070,8836],{"class":98},[47,14072,14073],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,14074,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14076,14077,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,14078,14079],{"class":53},"settings",[47,14081,4092],{"class":98},[47,14083,128],{"class":61},[47,14085,14045],{"class":65},[47,14087,128],{"class":61},[47,14089,13467],{"class":98},[47,14091,13470],{"class":57},[47,14093,14094],{"class":80}," 16\n",[47,14096,14097],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14098,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14100,14101,14103,14105,14107,14110,14112,14114,14116],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,14102,95],{"class":94},[47,14104,99],{"class":98},[47,14106,128],{"class":61},[47,14108,14109],{"class":65},"Current:",[47,14111,128],{"class":61},[47,14113,136],{"class":98},[47,14115,14064],{"class":102},[47,14117,106],{"class":98},[47,14119,14120,14122,14124,14126,14129,14131,14133,14136],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,14121,95],{"class":94},[47,14123,99],{"class":98},[47,14125,128],{"class":61},[47,14127,14128],{"class":65},"Backup:",[47,14130,128],{"class":61},[47,14132,136],{"class":98},[47,14134,14135],{"class":102}," settings_backup",[47,14137,106],{"class":98},[20,14139,14140],{},[280,14141,144],{},[38,14143,14145],{"className":40,"code":14144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14146,14147,14185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14148,14149,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14180,14183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14150,14151],{"class":53},"Current",[47,14153,420],{"class":98},[47,14155,10683],{"class":98},[47,14157,3493],{"class":61},[47,14159,12689],{"class":65},[47,14161,3493],{"class":61},[47,14163,420],{"class":98},[47,14165,3488],{"class":61},[47,14167,12698],{"class":65},[47,14169,3493],{"class":61},[47,14171,136],{"class":98},[47,14173,3488],{"class":61},[47,14175,14045],{"class":65},[47,14177,3493],{"class":61},[47,14179,420],{"class":98},[47,14181,14182],{"class":80}," 16",[47,14184,9500],{"class":98},[47,14186,14187,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14188,14189],{"class":53},"Backup",[47,14191,420],{"class":98},[47,14193,10683],{"class":98},[47,14195,3493],{"class":61},[47,14197,12689],{"class":65},[47,14199,3493],{"class":61},[47,14201,420],{"class":98},[47,14203,3488],{"class":61},[47,14205,12698],{"class":65},[47,14207,3493],{"class":61},[47,14209,136],{"class":98},[47,14211,3488],{"class":61},[47,14213,14045],{"class":65},[47,14215,3493],{"class":61},[47,14217,420],{"class":98},[47,14219,14052],{"class":80},[47,14221,9500],{"class":98},[20,14223,14224,14225,3072,14231,445],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[594,14226,14228],{"href":14227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14229,14230],{},"dict.update()",[594,14232,14233],{"href":13018},[15,14234,11521],{},[33,14236,14238,14240],{"id":14237},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14239,12971],{}," vs assignment",[20,14242,14243],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14245,1654,14246,14248,14249,14251],{},[15,14247,58],{}," does ",[280,14250,4826],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[447,14253,14255],{"id":14254},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[38,14257,14259],{"className":40,"code":14258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14260,14261,14293,14302,14306,14325,14329,14347,14367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14262,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14264,12280],{"class":53},[47,14266,58],{"class":57},[47,14268,10683],{"class":98},[47,14270,128],{"class":61},[47,14272,2374],{"class":65},[47,14274,128],{"class":61},[47,14276,420],{"class":98},[47,14278,1545],{"class":80},[47,14280,136],{"class":98},[47,14282,62],{"class":61},[47,14284,11941],{"class":65},[47,14286,128],{"class":61},[47,14288,420],{"class":98},[47,14290,1562],{"class":80},[47,14292,9500],{"class":98},[47,14294,14295,14298,14300],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14296,14297],{"class":53},"assigned ",[47,14299,58],{"class":57},[47,14301,12318],{"class":53},[47,14303,14304],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,14305,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14307,14308,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,14309,14310],{"class":53},"assigned",[47,14312,4092],{"class":98},[47,14314,128],{"class":61},[47,14316,2374],{"class":65},[47,14318,128],{"class":61},[47,14320,13467],{"class":98},[47,14322,13470],{"class":57},[47,14324,539],{"class":80},[47,14326,14327],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14328,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14330,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343,14345],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,14332,95],{"class":94},[47,14334,99],{"class":98},[47,14336,128],{"class":61},[47,14338,13488],{"class":65},[47,14340,128],{"class":61},[47,14342,136],{"class":98},[47,14344,12355],{"class":102},[47,14346,106],{"class":98},[47,14348,14349,14351,14353,14355,14358,14360,14362,14365],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,14350,95],{"class":94},[47,14352,99],{"class":98},[47,14354,128],{"class":61},[47,14356,14357],{"class":65},"Assigned:",[47,14359,128],{"class":61},[47,14361,136],{"class":98},[47,14363,14364],{"class":102}," assigned",[47,14366,106],{"class":98},[47,14368,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,14370,95],{"class":94},[47,14372,99],{"class":98},[47,14374,12280],{"class":102},[47,14376,12388],{"class":1461},[47,14378,14364],{"class":102},[47,14380,106],{"class":98},[20,14382,14383],{},[280,14384,144],{},[38,14386,14388],{"className":40,"code":14387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14389,14390,14422,14455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14391,14392,14394,14396,14398,14400,14402,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416,14418,14420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14393,13530],{"class":53},[47,14395,420],{"class":98},[47,14397,10683],{"class":98},[47,14399,3493],{"class":61},[47,14401,2374],{"class":65},[47,14403,3493],{"class":61},[47,14405,420],{"class":98},[47,14407,10389],{"class":80},[47,14409,136],{"class":98},[47,14411,3488],{"class":61},[47,14413,11941],{"class":65},[47,14415,3493],{"class":61},[47,14417,420],{"class":98},[47,14419,1562],{"class":80},[47,14421,9500],{"class":98},[47,14423,14424,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14425,14426],{"class":53},"Assigned",[47,14428,420],{"class":98},[47,14430,10683],{"class":98},[47,14432,3493],{"class":61},[47,14434,2374],{"class":65},[47,14436,3493],{"class":61},[47,14438,420],{"class":98},[47,14440,10389],{"class":80},[47,14442,136],{"class":98},[47,14444,3488],{"class":61},[47,14446,11941],{"class":65},[47,14448,3493],{"class":61},[47,14450,420],{"class":98},[47,14452,1562],{"class":80},[47,14454,9500],{"class":98},[47,14456,14457],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,14458,4172],{"class":1334},[447,14460,1654,14462],{"id":14461},"using-copy",[15,14463,12971],{},[38,14465,14467],{"className":40,"code":14466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14468,14469,14501,14516,14520,14539,14543,14561,14581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14470,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14472,12280],{"class":53},[47,14474,58],{"class":57},[47,14476,10683],{"class":98},[47,14478,128],{"class":61},[47,14480,2374],{"class":65},[47,14482,128],{"class":61},[47,14484,420],{"class":98},[47,14486,1545],{"class":80},[47,14488,136],{"class":98},[47,14490,62],{"class":61},[47,14492,11941],{"class":65},[47,14494,128],{"class":61},[47,14496,420],{"class":98},[47,14498,1562],{"class":80},[47,14500,9500],{"class":98},[47,14502,14503,14506,14508,14510,14512,14514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14504,14505],{"class":53},"copied ",[47,14507,58],{"class":57},[47,14509,12355],{"class":53},[47,14511,445],{"class":98},[47,14513,13106],{"class":102},[47,14515,8836],{"class":98},[47,14517,14518],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,14519,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14521,14522,14525,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,14523,14524],{"class":53},"copied",[47,14526,4092],{"class":98},[47,14528,128],{"class":61},[47,14530,2374],{"class":65},[47,14532,128],{"class":61},[47,14534,13467],{"class":98},[47,14536,13470],{"class":57},[47,14538,539],{"class":80},[47,14540,14541],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14542,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14544,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555,14557,14559],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,14546,95],{"class":94},[47,14548,99],{"class":98},[47,14550,128],{"class":61},[47,14552,13488],{"class":65},[47,14554,128],{"class":61},[47,14556,136],{"class":98},[47,14558,12355],{"class":102},[47,14560,106],{"class":98},[47,14562,14563,14565,14567,14569,14572,14574,14576,14579],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,14564,95],{"class":94},[47,14566,99],{"class":98},[47,14568,128],{"class":61},[47,14570,14571],{"class":65},"Copied:",[47,14573,128],{"class":61},[47,14575,136],{"class":98},[47,14577,14578],{"class":102}," copied",[47,14580,106],{"class":98},[47,14582,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,14584,95],{"class":94},[47,14586,99],{"class":98},[47,14588,12280],{"class":102},[47,14590,12388],{"class":1461},[47,14592,14578],{"class":102},[47,14594,106],{"class":98},[20,14596,14597],{},[280,14598,144],{},[38,14600,14602],{"className":40,"code":14601,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14603,14604,14636,14669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14605,14606,14608,14610,14612,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14607,13530],{"class":53},[47,14609,420],{"class":98},[47,14611,10683],{"class":98},[47,14613,3493],{"class":61},[47,14615,2374],{"class":65},[47,14617,3493],{"class":61},[47,14619,420],{"class":98},[47,14621,1545],{"class":80},[47,14623,136],{"class":98},[47,14625,3488],{"class":61},[47,14627,11941],{"class":65},[47,14629,3493],{"class":61},[47,14631,420],{"class":98},[47,14633,1562],{"class":80},[47,14635,9500],{"class":98},[47,14637,14638,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14639,14640],{"class":53},"Copied",[47,14642,420],{"class":98},[47,14644,10683],{"class":98},[47,14646,3493],{"class":61},[47,14648,2374],{"class":65},[47,14650,3493],{"class":61},[47,14652,420],{"class":98},[47,14654,10389],{"class":80},[47,14656,136],{"class":98},[47,14658,3488],{"class":61},[47,14660,11941],{"class":65},[47,14662,3493],{"class":61},[47,14664,420],{"class":98},[47,14666,1562],{"class":80},[47,14668,9500],{"class":98},[47,14670,14671],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,14672,4233],{"class":1334},[20,14674,14675],{},"Summary:",[187,14677,14678,14684],{},[190,14679,14680,14683],{},[15,14681,14682],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[190,14685,14686,14689],{},[15,14687,14688],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[33,14691,14693],{"id":14692},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14695,14696,420],{},[15,14697,12971],{},[187,14699,14700,14703,14706,14709],{},[190,14701,14702],{},"Returns a dictionary",[190,14704,14705],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[190,14707,14708],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[190,14710,14711],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14713,204],{},[38,14715,14717],{"className":40,"code":14716,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14718,14719,14751,14767,14771,14789,14809,14813,14831],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14720,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14722,9359],{"class":53},[47,14724,58],{"class":57},[47,14726,10683],{"class":98},[47,14728,128],{"class":61},[47,14730,594],{"class":65},[47,14732,128],{"class":61},[47,14734,420],{"class":98},[47,14736,1545],{"class":80},[47,14738,136],{"class":98},[47,14740,62],{"class":61},[47,14742,4957],{"class":65},[47,14744,128],{"class":61},[47,14746,420],{"class":98},[47,14748,1562],{"class":80},[47,14750,9500],{"class":98},[47,14752,14753,14756,14758,14761,14763,14765],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14754,14755],{"class":53},"data_copy ",[47,14757,58],{"class":57},[47,14759,14760],{"class":53}," data",[47,14762,445],{"class":98},[47,14764,13106],{"class":102},[47,14766,8836],{"class":98},[47,14768,14769],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,14770,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14772,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,14774,9396],{"class":53},[47,14776,4092],{"class":98},[47,14778,128],{"class":61},[47,14780,594],{"class":65},[47,14782,128],{"class":61},[47,14784,13467],{"class":98},[47,14786,13470],{"class":57},[47,14788,423],{"class":80},[47,14790,14791,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,14792,14793],{"class":53},"data_copy",[47,14795,4092],{"class":98},[47,14797,128],{"class":61},[47,14799,4957],{"class":65},[47,14801,128],{"class":61},[47,14803,13467],{"class":98},[47,14805,13470],{"class":57},[47,14807,14808],{"class":80}," 20\n",[47,14810,14811],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,14812,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,14814,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,14816,95],{"class":94},[47,14818,99],{"class":98},[47,14820,128],{"class":61},[47,14822,13488],{"class":65},[47,14824,128],{"class":61},[47,14826,136],{"class":98},[47,14828,14760],{"class":102},[47,14830,106],{"class":98},[47,14832,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14848],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,14834,95],{"class":94},[47,14836,99],{"class":98},[47,14838,128],{"class":61},[47,14840,13507],{"class":65},[47,14842,128],{"class":61},[47,14844,136],{"class":98},[47,14846,14847],{"class":102}," data_copy",[47,14849,106],{"class":98},[20,14851,14852],{},[280,14853,144],{},[38,14855,14857],{"className":40,"code":14856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14858,14859,14891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14860,14861,14863,14865,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14862,13530],{"class":53},[47,14864,420],{"class":98},[47,14866,10683],{"class":98},[47,14868,3493],{"class":61},[47,14870,594],{"class":65},[47,14872,3493],{"class":61},[47,14874,420],{"class":98},[47,14876,373],{"class":80},[47,14878,136],{"class":98},[47,14880,3488],{"class":61},[47,14882,4957],{"class":65},[47,14884,3493],{"class":61},[47,14886,420],{"class":98},[47,14888,1562],{"class":80},[47,14890,9500],{"class":98},[47,14892,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14894,13567],{"class":53},[47,14896,420],{"class":98},[47,14898,10683],{"class":98},[47,14900,3493],{"class":61},[47,14902,594],{"class":65},[47,14904,3493],{"class":61},[47,14906,420],{"class":98},[47,14908,1545],{"class":80},[47,14910,136],{"class":98},[47,14912,3488],{"class":61},[47,14914,4957],{"class":65},[47,14916,3493],{"class":61},[47,14918,420],{"class":98},[47,14920,7986],{"class":80},[47,14922,9500],{"class":98},[33,14924,1595],{"id":1594},[20,14926,14927,14928,420],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14929,12629],{},[187,14931,14932,14939,14944,14949],{},[190,14933,1654,14934,11285,14936,14938],{},[15,14935,58],{},[15,14937,12971],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[190,14940,4774,14941,14943],{},[15,14942,12971],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[190,14945,14946,14947],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14948,12971],{},[190,14950,14951],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14953,14954],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[38,14956,14958],{"className":40,"code":14957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14959,14960,14970,14980,14994,15017,15040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,14961,14962,14964,14966,14968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,14963,95],{"class":94},[47,14965,99],{"class":98},[47,14967,12327],{"class":102},[47,14969,106],{"class":98},[47,14971,14972,14974,14976,14978],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,14973,95],{"class":94},[47,14975,99],{"class":98},[47,14977,14524],{"class":102},[47,14979,106],{"class":98},[47,14981,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,14983,95],{"class":94},[47,14985,99],{"class":98},[47,14987,12280],{"class":102},[47,14989,12388],{"class":1461},[47,14991,14578],{"class":102},[47,14993,106],{"class":98},[47,14995,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15011,15013,15015],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,14997,95],{"class":94},[47,14999,99],{"class":98},[47,15001,12844],{"class":94},[47,15003,99],{"class":98},[47,15005,12327],{"class":102},[47,15007,9425],{"class":98},[47,15009,15010],{"class":94}," id",[47,15012,99],{"class":98},[47,15014,14524],{"class":102},[47,15016,1796],{"class":98},[47,15018,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029,15031,15033,15036,15038],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15020,95],{"class":94},[47,15022,99],{"class":98},[47,15024,12844],{"class":94},[47,15026,99],{"class":98},[47,15028,12327],{"class":102},[47,15030,4092],{"class":98},[47,15032,128],{"class":61},[47,15034,15035],{"class":65},"key",[47,15037,128],{"class":61},[47,15039,3191],{"class":98},[47,15041,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058,15060],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,15043,95],{"class":94},[47,15045,99],{"class":98},[47,15047,12844],{"class":94},[47,15049,99],{"class":98},[47,15051,14524],{"class":102},[47,15053,4092],{"class":98},[47,15055,128],{"class":61},[47,15057,15035],{"class":65},[47,15059,128],{"class":61},[47,15061,3191],{"class":98},[20,15063,15064],{},"What these help you check:",[187,15066,15067,15070,15073],{},[190,15068,15069],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[190,15071,15072],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[190,15074,15075],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15077,15078,15079,445],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[594,15080,15082],{"href":15081},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[33,15084,1969],{"id":1968},[447,15086,1973,15088,15090],{"id":15087},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15089,12629],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15092,15093],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[447,15095,15097,15098,15100],{"id":15096},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15099,12629],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15102,15103],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[447,15105,2055,15107,839,15109,2009],{"id":15106},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15108,12971],{},[15,15110,58],{},[20,15112,15113,15115,15116,15118],{},[15,15114,12971],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15117,58],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[447,15120,15122],{"id":15121},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15124,15125],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[33,15127,2075],{"id":2074},[187,15129,15130,15134,15138,15142,15149,15155],{},[190,15131,15132],{},[594,15133,11436],{"href":13221},[190,15135,15136],{},[594,15137,9349],{"href":13218},[190,15139,15140],{},[594,15141,13985],{"href":13984},[190,15143,15144],{},[594,15145,10930,15146,10934],{"href":14227},[15,15147,15148],{},"update()",[190,15150,15151],{},[594,15152,10930,15153,10934],{"href":13018},[15,15154,11515],{},[190,15156,15157],{},[594,15158,15159],{"href":15081},"How to copy a list in Python",[2110,15161,15162],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":15164},[15165,15166,15168,15169,15170,15171,15173,15179,15180,15181,15190],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":13190,"depth":72,"text":15167},"What the copy() method does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":13627,"depth":72,"text":13628},{"id":13988,"depth":72,"text":15172},"When to use copy()",{"id":14237,"depth":72,"text":15174,"children":15175},"copy() vs assignment",[15176,15177],{"id":14254,"depth":84,"text":14255},{"id":14461,"depth":84,"text":15178},"Using copy()",{"id":14692,"depth":72,"text":14693},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":15182},[15183,15185,15187,15189],{"id":15087,"depth":84,"text":15184},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15096,"depth":84,"text":15186},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15106,"depth":84,"text":15188},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15121,"depth":84,"text":15122},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13024,"description":15191},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15198,"title":15199,"body":15200,"description":17399,"extension":2167,"meta":17400,"navigation":87,"path":13221,"seo":17401,"stem":17402,"__hash__":17403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15201,"toc":17361},[15202,15205,15211,15220,15222,15298,15302,15351,15354,15358,15372,15375,15379,15392,15395,15428,15442,15445,15457,15461,15464,15472,15552,15556,15609,15613,15631,15633,15715,15718,15720,15723,15726,15749,15773,15777,15785,15788,15792,15801,15806,15864,15868,15901,15907,15913,15916,15971,15975,16025,16028,16034,16037,16045,16047,16092,16097,16106,16109,16112,16159,16161,16166,16169,16263,16267,16320,16323,16379,16382,16386,16389,16403,16407,16473,16477,16502,16505,16509,16587,16591,16594,16597,16617,16620,16673,16677,16680,16683,16696,16698,16787,16794,16797,16808,16810,16813,16833,16837,16840,16849,16852,16891,16895,16897,16906,16915,16917,16955,16959,17006,17010,17031,17035,17038,17150,17155,17253,17275,17277,17281,17288,17292,17298,17302,17305,17309,17312,17319,17327,17329,17355,17358],[10,15203,15199],{"id":15204},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15206,15207,15208,15210],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[280,15209,9325],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15212,15213,15214,3072,15216,445],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[594,15215,9349],{"href":9348},[594,15217,15219],{"href":15218},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[33,15221,36],{"id":35},[38,15223,15225],{"className":40,"code":15224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15226,15227,15235,15253,15267,15280,15284,15288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15228,15229,15231,15233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15230,13058],{"class":53},[47,15232,58],{"class":57},[47,15234,11688],{"class":98},[47,15236,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15238,11693],{"class":61},[47,15240,103],{"class":65},[47,15242,128],{"class":61},[47,15244,420],{"class":98},[47,15246,62],{"class":61},[47,15248,13075],{"class":65},[47,15250,128],{"class":61},[47,15252,11709],{"class":98},[47,15254,15255,15257,15259,15261,15263,15265],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,15256,11693],{"class":61},[47,15258,116],{"class":65},[47,15260,128],{"class":61},[47,15262,420],{"class":98},[47,15264,7986],{"class":80},[47,15266,11709],{"class":98},[47,15268,15269,15271,15274,15276,15278],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,15270,11693],{"class":61},[47,15272,15273],{"class":65},"is_active",[47,15275,128],{"class":61},[47,15277,420],{"class":98},[47,15279,6616],{"class":1334},[47,15281,15282],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15283,9500],{"class":98},[47,15285,15286],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,15287,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,15289,15290,15292,15294,15296],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,15291,95],{"class":94},[47,15293,99],{"class":98},[47,15295,13820],{"class":102},[47,15297,106],{"class":98},[20,15299,15300],{},[280,15301,144],{},[38,15303,15305],{"className":40,"code":15304,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15306,15307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15308,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323,15325,15327,15329,15331,15333,15335,15337,15339,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15310,9470],{"class":98},[47,15312,3493],{"class":61},[47,15314,103],{"class":65},[47,15316,3493],{"class":61},[47,15318,420],{"class":98},[47,15320,3488],{"class":61},[47,15322,13075],{"class":65},[47,15324,3493],{"class":61},[47,15326,136],{"class":98},[47,15328,3488],{"class":61},[47,15330,116],{"class":65},[47,15332,3493],{"class":61},[47,15334,420],{"class":98},[47,15336,7986],{"class":80},[47,15338,136],{"class":98},[47,15340,3488],{"class":61},[47,15342,15273],{"class":65},[47,15344,3493],{"class":61},[47,15346,420],{"class":98},[47,15348,4108],{"class":1334},[47,15350,9500],{"class":98},[20,15352,15353],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[33,15355,15357],{"id":15356},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[187,15359,15360,15363,15366,15369],{},[190,15361,15362],{},"What a dictionary is",[190,15364,15365],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[190,15367,15368],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[190,15370,15371],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[33,15373,15362],{"id":15374},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15376,9322,15377,445],{},[280,15378,9325],{},[187,15380,15381,15387],{},[190,15382,15383,15384,15386],{},"A ",[280,15385,15035],{}," is the label",[190,15388,15383,15389,15391],{},[280,15390,2668],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15393,15394],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[38,15396,15398],{"className":40,"code":15397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15399,15400,15408,15424],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15401,15402,15404,15406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15403,13058],{"class":53},[47,15405,58],{"class":57},[47,15407,11688],{"class":98},[47,15409,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15411,11693],{"class":61},[47,15413,103],{"class":65},[47,15415,128],{"class":61},[47,15417,420],{"class":98},[47,15419,62],{"class":61},[47,15421,13075],{"class":65},[47,15423,69],{"class":61},[47,15425,15426],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,15427,9500],{"class":98},[187,15429,15430,15436],{},[190,15431,15432,15435],{},[15,15433,15434],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[190,15437,15438,15441],{},[15,15439,15440],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15443,15444],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[187,15446,15447,15449,15451,15454],{},[190,15448,103],{},[190,15450,116],{},[190,15452,15453],{},"email",[190,15455,15456],{},"country",[33,15458,15460],{"id":15459},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15462,15463],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15465,167,15466,15468,15469,445],{},[15,15467,3984],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15470,15471],{},"key: value",[38,15473,15475],{"className":40,"code":15474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15476,15477,15485,15503,15517,15534,15538,15542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15478,15479,15481,15483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15480,13058],{"class":53},[47,15482,58],{"class":57},[47,15484,11688],{"class":98},[47,15486,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495,15497,15499,15501],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15488,11693],{"class":61},[47,15490,103],{"class":65},[47,15492,128],{"class":61},[47,15494,420],{"class":98},[47,15496,62],{"class":61},[47,15498,13075],{"class":65},[47,15500,128],{"class":61},[47,15502,11709],{"class":98},[47,15504,15505,15507,15509,15511,15513,15515],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,15506,11693],{"class":61},[47,15508,116],{"class":65},[47,15510,128],{"class":61},[47,15512,420],{"class":98},[47,15514,7986],{"class":80},[47,15516,11709],{"class":98},[47,15518,15519,15521,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,15520,11693],{"class":61},[47,15522,15523],{"class":65},"course",[47,15525,128],{"class":61},[47,15527,420],{"class":98},[47,15529,62],{"class":61},[47,15531,7492],{"class":65},[47,15533,69],{"class":61},[47,15535,15536],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15537,9500],{"class":98},[47,15539,15540],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,15541,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,15543,15544,15546,15548,15550],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,15545,95],{"class":94},[47,15547,99],{"class":98},[47,15549,13820],{"class":102},[47,15551,106],{"class":98},[20,15553,15554],{},[280,15555,144],{},[38,15557,15559],{"className":40,"code":15558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15560,15561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15562,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15564,9470],{"class":98},[47,15566,3493],{"class":61},[47,15568,103],{"class":65},[47,15570,3493],{"class":61},[47,15572,420],{"class":98},[47,15574,3488],{"class":61},[47,15576,13075],{"class":65},[47,15578,3493],{"class":61},[47,15580,136],{"class":98},[47,15582,3488],{"class":61},[47,15584,116],{"class":65},[47,15586,3493],{"class":61},[47,15588,420],{"class":98},[47,15590,7986],{"class":80},[47,15592,136],{"class":98},[47,15594,3488],{"class":61},[47,15596,15523],{"class":65},[47,15598,3493],{"class":61},[47,15600,420],{"class":98},[47,15602,3488],{"class":61},[47,15604,7492],{"class":65},[47,15606,3493],{"class":61},[47,15608,9500],{"class":98},[447,15610,15612],{"id":15611},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[187,15614,15615,15620,15625,15628],{},[190,15616,167,15617,15619],{},[15,15618,3984],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[190,15621,15622,15623],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15624,15471],{},[190,15626,15627],{},"Separate items with commas",[190,15629,15630],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15632,204],{},[38,15634,15636],{"className":40,"code":15635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15637,15638,15647,15667,15683,15696,15700,15704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15639,15640,15643,15645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15641,15642],{"class":53},"book ",[47,15644,58],{"class":57},[47,15646,11688],{"class":98},[47,15648,15649,15651,15654,15656,15658,15660,15663,15665],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15650,11693],{"class":61},[47,15652,15653],{"class":65},"title",[47,15655,128],{"class":61},[47,15657,420],{"class":98},[47,15659,62],{"class":61},[47,15661,15662],{"class":65},"Python Basics",[47,15664,128],{"class":61},[47,15666,11709],{"class":98},[47,15668,15669,15671,15674,15676,15678,15681],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,15670,11693],{"class":61},[47,15672,15673],{"class":65},"pages",[47,15675,128],{"class":61},[47,15677,420],{"class":98},[47,15679,15680],{"class":80}," 150",[47,15682,11709],{"class":98},[47,15684,15685,15687,15690,15692,15694],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,15686,11693],{"class":61},[47,15688,15689],{"class":65},"available",[47,15691,128],{"class":61},[47,15693,420],{"class":98},[47,15695,6616],{"class":1334},[47,15697,15698],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15699,9500],{"class":98},[47,15701,15702],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,15703,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,15705,15706,15708,15710,15713],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,15707,95],{"class":94},[47,15709,99],{"class":98},[47,15711,15712],{"class":102},"book",[47,15714,106],{"class":98},[20,15716,15717],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[33,15719,9594],{"id":9593},[20,15721,15722],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15724,15725],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[38,15727,15729],{"className":40,"code":15728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15730,15731,15739],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15732,15733,15735,15737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15734,9359],{"class":53},[47,15736,58],{"class":57},[47,15738,10030],{"class":98},[47,15740,15741,15743,15745,15747],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15742,95],{"class":94},[47,15744,99],{"class":98},[47,15746,9396],{"class":102},[47,15748,106],{"class":98},[38,15750,15751],{"className":40,"code":9597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15752,15753,15763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15754,15755,15757,15759,15761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15756,9359],{"class":53},[47,15758,58],{"class":57},[47,15760,9364],{"class":1788},[47,15762,8836],{"class":98},[47,15764,15765,15767,15769,15771],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15766,95],{"class":94},[47,15768,99],{"class":98},[47,15770,9396],{"class":102},[47,15772,106],{"class":98},[20,15774,15775],{},[280,15776,144],{},[38,15778,15779],{"className":40,"code":9626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,15780,15781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15782,15783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15784,9626],{"class":98},[20,15786,15787],{},"Both are correct.",[447,15789,15791],{"id":15790},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15793,15794,15796,15797,15800],{},[15,15795,3984],{}," creates an empty ",[280,15798,15799],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15802,15803,15804,445],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15805,3989],{},[38,15807,15809],{"className":40,"code":15808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15810,15811,15819,15831,15835,15849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15812,15813,15815,15817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15814,11920],{"class":53},[47,15816,58],{"class":57},[47,15818,10030],{"class":98},[47,15820,15821,15824,15826,15829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15822,15823],{"class":53},"my_set ",[47,15825,58],{"class":57},[47,15827,15828],{"class":1788}," set",[47,15830,8836],{"class":98},[47,15832,15833],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,15834,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,15836,15837,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,15838,95],{"class":94},[47,15840,99],{"class":98},[47,15842,1922],{"class":1788},[47,15844,99],{"class":98},[47,15846,11644],{"class":102},[47,15848,1796],{"class":98},[47,15850,15851,15853,15855,15857,15859,15862],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,15852,95],{"class":94},[47,15854,99],{"class":98},[47,15856,1922],{"class":1788},[47,15858,99],{"class":98},[47,15860,15861],{"class":102},"my_set",[47,15863,1796],{"class":98},[20,15865,15866],{},[280,15867,144],{},[38,15869,15871],{"className":40,"code":15870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15872,15873,15887],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15874,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883,15885],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15876,3482],{"class":57},[47,15878,3485],{"class":2266},[47,15880,3488],{"class":61},[47,15882,9015],{"class":65},[47,15884,3493],{"class":61},[47,15886,3496],{"class":57},[47,15888,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15890,3482],{"class":57},[47,15892,3485],{"class":2266},[47,15894,3488],{"class":61},[47,15896,6480],{"class":65},[47,15898,3493],{"class":61},[47,15900,3496],{"class":57},[33,15902,15904,15905],{"id":15903},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15906,9313],{},[20,15908,15909,15910,15912],{},"You can also use ",[15,15911,9313],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15914,15915],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[38,15917,15919],{"className":40,"code":15918,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15920,15921,15961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15922,15923,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15950,15952,15955,15957,15959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15924,13058],{"class":53},[47,15926,58],{"class":57},[47,15928,9364],{"class":1788},[47,15930,99],{"class":98},[47,15932,103],{"class":951},[47,15934,58],{"class":57},[47,15936,128],{"class":61},[47,15938,13075],{"class":65},[47,15940,128],{"class":61},[47,15942,136],{"class":98},[47,15944,676],{"class":951},[47,15946,58],{"class":57},[47,15948,15949],{"class":80},"20",[47,15951,136],{"class":98},[47,15953,15954],{"class":951}," active",[47,15956,58],{"class":57},[47,15958,3795],{"class":1334},[47,15960,106],{"class":98},[47,15962,15963,15965,15967,15969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,15964,95],{"class":94},[47,15966,99],{"class":98},[47,15968,13820],{"class":102},[47,15970,106],{"class":98},[20,15972,15973],{},[280,15974,144],{},[38,15976,15978],{"className":40,"code":15977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15979,15980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,15981,15982,15984,15986,15988,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16017,16019,16021,16023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,15983,9470],{"class":98},[47,15985,3493],{"class":61},[47,15987,103],{"class":65},[47,15989,3493],{"class":61},[47,15991,420],{"class":98},[47,15993,3488],{"class":61},[47,15995,13075],{"class":65},[47,15997,3493],{"class":61},[47,15999,136],{"class":98},[47,16001,3488],{"class":61},[47,16003,116],{"class":65},[47,16005,3493],{"class":61},[47,16007,420],{"class":98},[47,16009,7986],{"class":80},[47,16011,136],{"class":98},[47,16013,3488],{"class":61},[47,16015,16016],{"class":65},"active",[47,16018,3493],{"class":61},[47,16020,420],{"class":98},[47,16022,4108],{"class":1334},[47,16024,9500],{"class":98},[20,16026,16027],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[447,16029,16031,16032],{"id":16030},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16033,9313],{},[20,16035,16036],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[187,16038,16039,16042],{},[190,16040,16041],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[190,16043,16044],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16046,6882],{},[38,16048,16050],{"className":40,"code":16049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16051,16052,16082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16053,16054,16056,16058,16060,16062,16064,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16055,11683],{"class":53},[47,16057,58],{"class":57},[47,16059,9364],{"class":1788},[47,16061,99],{"class":98},[47,16063,103],{"class":951},[47,16065,58],{"class":57},[47,16067,128],{"class":61},[47,16069,7872],{"class":65},[47,16071,128],{"class":61},[47,16073,136],{"class":98},[47,16075,676],{"class":951},[47,16077,58],{"class":57},[47,16079,9385],{"class":80},[47,16081,106],{"class":98},[47,16083,16084,16086,16088,16090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16085,95],{"class":94},[47,16087,99],{"class":98},[47,16089,11777],{"class":102},[47,16091,106],{"class":98},[20,16093,4823,16094,16096],{},[280,16095,4826],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[38,16098,16100],{"className":40,"code":16099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16101,16102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16103,16104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16105,16099],{"class":3857},[20,16107,16108],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16110,16111],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[38,16113,16115],{"className":40,"code":16114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16116,16117,16125,16141,16145,16149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16118,16119,16121,16123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16120,11683],{"class":53},[47,16122,58],{"class":57},[47,16124,11688],{"class":98},[47,16126,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16128,11693],{"class":61},[47,16130,10688],{"class":65},[47,16132,128],{"class":61},[47,16134,420],{"class":98},[47,16136,62],{"class":61},[47,16138,7872],{"class":65},[47,16140,69],{"class":61},[47,16142,16143],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,16144,9500],{"class":98},[47,16146,16147],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,16148,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,16150,16151,16153,16155,16157],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16152,95],{"class":94},[47,16154,99],{"class":98},[47,16156,11777],{"class":102},[47,16158,106],{"class":98},[33,16160,9636],{"id":9635},[20,16162,16163,16165],{},[15,16164,9313],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16167,16168],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[38,16170,16172],{"className":40,"code":16171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16173,16174,16231,16235,16249,16253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16175,16176,16178,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16227,16229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16177,9407],{"class":53},[47,16179,58],{"class":57},[47,16181,9412],{"class":98},[47,16183,128],{"class":61},[47,16185,103],{"class":65},[47,16187,128],{"class":61},[47,16189,136],{"class":98},[47,16191,62],{"class":61},[47,16193,13075],{"class":65},[47,16195,128],{"class":61},[47,16197,9425],{"class":98},[47,16199,9428],{"class":98},[47,16201,128],{"class":61},[47,16203,116],{"class":65},[47,16205,128],{"class":61},[47,16207,136],{"class":98},[47,16209,7986],{"class":80},[47,16211,9425],{"class":98},[47,16213,9428],{"class":98},[47,16215,128],{"class":61},[47,16217,10601],{"class":65},[47,16219,128],{"class":61},[47,16221,136],{"class":98},[47,16223,62],{"class":61},[47,16225,16226],{"class":65},"Lima",[47,16228,128],{"class":61},[47,16230,9441],{"class":98},[47,16232,16233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16234,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,16236,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,16238,13058],{"class":53},[47,16240,58],{"class":57},[47,16242,9364],{"class":1788},[47,16244,99],{"class":98},[47,16246,9454],{"class":102},[47,16248,106],{"class":98},[47,16250,16251],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,16252,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,16254,16255,16257,16259,16261],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16256,95],{"class":94},[47,16258,99],{"class":98},[47,16260,13820],{"class":102},[47,16262,106],{"class":98},[20,16264,16265],{},[280,16266,144],{},[38,16268,16270],{"className":40,"code":16269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16271,16272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16273,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314,16316,16318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16275,9470],{"class":98},[47,16277,3493],{"class":61},[47,16279,103],{"class":65},[47,16281,3493],{"class":61},[47,16283,420],{"class":98},[47,16285,3488],{"class":61},[47,16287,13075],{"class":65},[47,16289,3493],{"class":61},[47,16291,136],{"class":98},[47,16293,3488],{"class":61},[47,16295,116],{"class":65},[47,16297,3493],{"class":61},[47,16299,420],{"class":98},[47,16301,7986],{"class":80},[47,16303,136],{"class":98},[47,16305,3488],{"class":61},[47,16307,10601],{"class":65},[47,16309,3493],{"class":61},[47,16311,420],{"class":98},[47,16313,3488],{"class":61},[47,16315,16226],{"class":65},[47,16317,3493],{"class":61},[47,16319,9500],{"class":98},[20,16321,16322],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[38,16324,16326],{"className":40,"code":16325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16327,16328,16369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16329,16330,16332,16334,16336,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16331,13058],{"class":53},[47,16333,58],{"class":57},[47,16335,9364],{"class":1788},[47,16337,16338],{"class":98},"(((",[47,16340,128],{"class":61},[47,16342,103],{"class":65},[47,16344,128],{"class":61},[47,16346,136],{"class":98},[47,16348,62],{"class":61},[47,16350,13075],{"class":65},[47,16352,128],{"class":61},[47,16354,9425],{"class":98},[47,16356,9428],{"class":98},[47,16358,128],{"class":61},[47,16360,116],{"class":65},[47,16362,128],{"class":61},[47,16364,136],{"class":98},[47,16366,7986],{"class":80},[47,16368,3106],{"class":98},[47,16370,16371,16373,16375,16377],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16372,95],{"class":94},[47,16374,99],{"class":98},[47,16376,13820],{"class":102},[47,16378,106],{"class":98},[20,16380,16381],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[33,16383,16385],{"id":16384},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16387,16388],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[187,16390,16391,16394,16397,16400],{},[190,16392,16393],{},"Keys must be unique",[190,16395,16396],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[190,16398,16399],{},"Values can repeat",[190,16401,16402],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[447,16404,16406],{"id":16405},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[38,16408,16410],{"className":40,"code":16409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16411,16412,16420,16438,16455,16459,16463],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16413,16414,16416,16418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16415,9359],{"class":53},[47,16417,58],{"class":57},[47,16419,11688],{"class":98},[47,16421,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16423,11693],{"class":61},[47,16425,103],{"class":65},[47,16427,128],{"class":61},[47,16429,420],{"class":98},[47,16431,62],{"class":61},[47,16433,13075],{"class":65},[47,16435,128],{"class":61},[47,16437,11709],{"class":98},[47,16439,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448,16450,16453],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,16441,11693],{"class":61},[47,16443,103],{"class":65},[47,16445,128],{"class":61},[47,16447,420],{"class":98},[47,16449,62],{"class":61},[47,16451,16452],{"class":65},"Maria",[47,16454,69],{"class":61},[47,16456,16457],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,16458,9500],{"class":98},[47,16460,16461],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16462,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,16464,16465,16467,16469,16471],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,16466,95],{"class":94},[47,16468,99],{"class":98},[47,16470,9396],{"class":102},[47,16472,106],{"class":98},[20,16474,16475],{},[280,16476,144],{},[38,16478,16480],{"className":40,"code":16479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16481,16482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16483,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498,16500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16485,9470],{"class":98},[47,16487,3493],{"class":61},[47,16489,103],{"class":65},[47,16491,3493],{"class":61},[47,16493,420],{"class":98},[47,16495,3488],{"class":61},[47,16497,16452],{"class":65},[47,16499,3493],{"class":61},[47,16501,9500],{"class":98},[20,16503,16504],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[447,16506,16508],{"id":16507},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[38,16510,16512],{"className":40,"code":16511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16513,16514,16522,16538,16554,16568,16572,16576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16515,16516,16518,16520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16517,5261],{"class":53},[47,16519,58],{"class":57},[47,16521,11688],{"class":98},[47,16523,16524,16527,16529,16531,16534,16536],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16525,16526],{"class":80},"    1",[47,16528,420],{"class":98},[47,16530,62],{"class":61},[47,16532,16533],{"class":65},"low",[47,16535,128],{"class":61},[47,16537,11709],{"class":98},[47,16539,16540,16543,16545,16547,16550,16552],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,16541,16542],{"class":80},"    2",[47,16544,420],{"class":98},[47,16546,62],{"class":61},[47,16548,16549],{"class":65},"medium",[47,16551,128],{"class":61},[47,16553,11709],{"class":98},[47,16555,16556,16559,16561,16563,16566],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,16557,16558],{"class":80},"    3",[47,16560,420],{"class":98},[47,16562,62],{"class":61},[47,16564,16565],{"class":65},"high",[47,16567,69],{"class":61},[47,16569,16570],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16571,9500],{"class":98},[47,16573,16574],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,16575,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,16577,16578,16580,16582,16585],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,16579,95],{"class":94},[47,16581,99],{"class":98},[47,16583,16584],{"class":102},"scores",[47,16586,106],{"class":98},[447,16588,16590],{"id":16589},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16592,16593],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16595,16596],{},"This will cause an error:",[38,16598,16600],{"className":40,"code":16599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16601,16602,16607,16612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16603,16604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16605,16606],{"class":3857},"# bad = {\n",[47,16608,16609],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16610,16611],{"class":3857},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[47,16613,16614],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,16615,16616],{"class":3857},"# }\n",[20,16618,16619],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[38,16621,16623],{"className":40,"code":16622,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16624,16625,16634,16654,16658,16662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16626,16627,16630,16632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16628,16629],{"class":53},"good ",[47,16631,58],{"class":57},[47,16633,11688],{"class":98},[47,16635,16636,16639,16641,16643,16645,16648,16650,16652],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16637,16638],{"class":98},"    (",[47,16640,1476],{"class":80},[47,16642,136],{"class":98},[47,16644,1562],{"class":80},[47,16646,16647],{"class":98},"):",[47,16649,62],{"class":61},[47,16651,195],{"class":65},[47,16653,69],{"class":61},[47,16655,16656],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,16657,9500],{"class":98},[47,16659,16660],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,16661,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,16663,16664,16666,16668,16671],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16665,95],{"class":94},[47,16667,99],{"class":98},[47,16669,16670],{"class":102},"good",[47,16672,106],{"class":98},[33,16674,16676],{"id":16675},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16678,16679],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16681,16682],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[187,16684,16685,16688,16690,16693],{},[190,16686,16687],{},"user data",[190,16689,14079],{},[190,16691,16692],{},"counters",[190,16694,16695],{},"lookups",[20,16697,204],{},[38,16699,16701],{"className":40,"code":16700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16702,16703,16711,16730,16749,16761,16765,16769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16704,16705,16707,16709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16706,11683],{"class":53},[47,16708,58],{"class":57},[47,16710,11688],{"class":98},[47,16712,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16726,16728],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16714,11693],{"class":61},[47,16716,8180],{"class":65},[47,16718,128],{"class":61},[47,16720,420],{"class":98},[47,16722,62],{"class":61},[47,16724,16725],{"class":65},"ana123",[47,16727,128],{"class":61},[47,16729,11709],{"class":98},[47,16731,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16742,16745,16747],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,16733,11693],{"class":61},[47,16735,15453],{"class":65},[47,16737,128],{"class":61},[47,16739,420],{"class":98},[47,16741,62],{"class":61},[47,16743,16744],{"class":65},"ana@example.com",[47,16746,128],{"class":61},[47,16748,11709],{"class":98},[47,16750,16751,16753,16755,16757,16759],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,16752,11693],{"class":61},[47,16754,12709],{"class":65},[47,16756,128],{"class":61},[47,16758,420],{"class":98},[47,16760,6616],{"class":1334},[47,16762,16763],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,16764,9500],{"class":98},[47,16766,16767],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,16768,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,16770,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781,16783,16785],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,16772,95],{"class":94},[47,16774,99],{"class":98},[47,16776,11777],{"class":102},[47,16778,4092],{"class":98},[47,16780,128],{"class":61},[47,16782,15453],{"class":65},[47,16784,128],{"class":61},[47,16786,4080],{"class":98},[20,16788,16789,16790,445],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[594,16791,16793],{"href":16792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16795,16796],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[187,16798,16799,16802,16805],{},[190,16800,16801],{},"labels are not needed",[190,16803,16804],{},"you mostly care about position",[190,16806,16807],{},"order matters more than named fields",[33,16809,1595],{"id":1594},[20,16811,16812],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[187,16814,16815,16818,16821,16824,16827],{},[190,16816,16817],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[190,16819,16820],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[190,16822,16823],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[190,16825,16826],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[190,16828,16829,16830,16832],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16831,3984],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[447,16834,16836],{"id":16835},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16838,16839],{},"Wrong:",[38,16841,16843],{"className":40,"code":16842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16844,16845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16846,16847],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16848,16842],{"class":3857},[20,16850,16851],{},"Correct:",[38,16853,16855],{"className":40,"code":16854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16856,16857,16881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16858,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16860,13058],{"class":53},[47,16862,58],{"class":57},[47,16864,10683],{"class":98},[47,16866,128],{"class":61},[47,16868,103],{"class":65},[47,16870,128],{"class":61},[47,16872,420],{"class":98},[47,16874,62],{"class":61},[47,16876,13075],{"class":65},[47,16878,128],{"class":61},[47,16880,9500],{"class":98},[47,16882,16883,16885,16887,16889],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16884,95],{"class":94},[47,16886,99],{"class":98},[47,16888,13820],{"class":102},[47,16890,106],{"class":98},[447,16892,16894],{"id":16893},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16896,16839],{},[38,16898,16900],{"className":40,"code":16899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16901,16902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16903,16904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16905,16899],{"class":3857},[20,16907,16908,16909,16911,16912,16914],{},"This only works if ",[15,16910,103],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16913,15434],{},", use quotes.",[20,16916,16851],{},[38,16918,16919],{"className":40,"code":16854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,16920,16921,16945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16922,16923,16925,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16924,13058],{"class":53},[47,16926,58],{"class":57},[47,16928,10683],{"class":98},[47,16930,128],{"class":61},[47,16932,103],{"class":65},[47,16934,128],{"class":61},[47,16936,420],{"class":98},[47,16938,62],{"class":61},[47,16940,13075],{"class":65},[47,16942,128],{"class":61},[47,16944,9500],{"class":98},[47,16946,16947,16949,16951,16953],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16948,95],{"class":94},[47,16950,99],{"class":98},[47,16952,13820],{"class":102},[47,16954,106],{"class":98},[447,16956,16958],{"id":16957},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[38,16960,16962],{"className":40,"code":16961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16963,16964,16996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,16965,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990,16992,16994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,16967,9359],{"class":53},[47,16969,58],{"class":57},[47,16971,10683],{"class":98},[47,16973,128],{"class":61},[47,16975,116],{"class":65},[47,16977,128],{"class":61},[47,16979,420],{"class":98},[47,16981,7986],{"class":80},[47,16983,136],{"class":98},[47,16985,62],{"class":61},[47,16987,116],{"class":65},[47,16989,128],{"class":61},[47,16991,420],{"class":98},[47,16993,7991],{"class":80},[47,16995,9500],{"class":98},[47,16997,16998,17000,17002,17004],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,16999,95],{"class":94},[47,17001,99],{"class":98},[47,17003,9396],{"class":102},[47,17005,106],{"class":98},[20,17007,17008],{},[280,17009,144],{},[38,17011,17013],{"className":40,"code":17012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17014,17015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17016,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17018,9470],{"class":98},[47,17020,3493],{"class":61},[47,17022,116],{"class":65},[47,17024,3493],{"class":61},[47,17026,420],{"class":98},[47,17028,7991],{"class":80},[47,17030,9500],{"class":98},[33,17032,17034],{"id":17033},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17036,17037],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[38,17039,17041],{"className":40,"code":17040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17042,17043,17079,17083,17093,17107,17122,17136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17044,17045,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17046,11920],{"class":53},[47,17048,58],{"class":57},[47,17050,10683],{"class":98},[47,17052,128],{"class":61},[47,17054,103],{"class":65},[47,17056,128],{"class":61},[47,17058,420],{"class":98},[47,17060,62],{"class":61},[47,17062,13075],{"class":65},[47,17064,128],{"class":61},[47,17066,136],{"class":98},[47,17068,62],{"class":61},[47,17070,116],{"class":65},[47,17072,128],{"class":61},[47,17074,420],{"class":98},[47,17076,7986],{"class":80},[47,17078,9500],{"class":98},[47,17080,17081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17082,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,17084,17085,17087,17089,17091],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,17086,95],{"class":94},[47,17088,99],{"class":98},[47,17090,11644],{"class":102},[47,17092,106],{"class":98},[47,17094,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,17096,95],{"class":94},[47,17098,99],{"class":98},[47,17100,1922],{"class":1788},[47,17102,99],{"class":98},[47,17104,11644],{"class":102},[47,17106,1796],{"class":98},[47,17108,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17120],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,17110,95],{"class":94},[47,17112,99],{"class":98},[47,17114,11644],{"class":102},[47,17116,445],{"class":98},[47,17118,17119],{"class":102},"keys",[47,17121,7389],{"class":98},[47,17123,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,17125,95],{"class":94},[47,17127,99],{"class":98},[47,17129,11644],{"class":102},[47,17131,445],{"class":98},[47,17133,5553],{"class":102},[47,17135,7389],{"class":98},[47,17137,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,17139,95],{"class":94},[47,17141,99],{"class":98},[47,17143,11355],{"class":94},[47,17145,99],{"class":98},[47,17147,11644],{"class":102},[47,17149,1796],{"class":98},[20,17151,17152],{},[280,17153,17154],{},"Example output:",[38,17156,17158],{"className":40,"code":17157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17159,17160,17192,17206,17229,17248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17161,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17163,9470],{"class":98},[47,17165,3493],{"class":61},[47,17167,103],{"class":65},[47,17169,3493],{"class":61},[47,17171,420],{"class":98},[47,17173,3488],{"class":61},[47,17175,13075],{"class":65},[47,17177,3493],{"class":61},[47,17179,136],{"class":98},[47,17181,3488],{"class":61},[47,17183,116],{"class":65},[47,17185,3493],{"class":61},[47,17187,420],{"class":98},[47,17189,7986],{"class":80},[47,17191,9500],{"class":98},[47,17193,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17195,3482],{"class":57},[47,17197,3485],{"class":2266},[47,17199,3488],{"class":61},[47,17201,9015],{"class":65},[47,17203,3493],{"class":61},[47,17205,3496],{"class":57},[47,17207,17208,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,17209,17210],{"class":102},"dict_keys",[47,17212,3178],{"class":98},[47,17214,3493],{"class":61},[47,17216,103],{"class":65},[47,17218,3493],{"class":61},[47,17220,136],{"class":98},[47,17222,3488],{"class":61},[47,17224,116],{"class":65},[47,17226,3493],{"class":61},[47,17228,4080],{"class":98},[47,17230,17231,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,17232,17233],{"class":102},"dict_values",[47,17235,3178],{"class":98},[47,17237,3493],{"class":61},[47,17239,13075],{"class":65},[47,17241,3493],{"class":61},[47,17243,136],{"class":98},[47,17245,7986],{"class":80},[47,17247,4080],{"class":98},[47,17249,17250],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,17251,17252],{"class":80},"2\n",[20,17254,17255,17256,2390,17262,17268,17269,445],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[594,17257,10930,17259],{"href":17258},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17260,17261],{},"keys()",[594,17263,10930,17265],{"href":17264},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17266,17267],{},"values()",", and ",[594,17270,10930,17272],{"href":17271},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17273,17274],{},"items()",[33,17276,1969],{"id":1968},[447,17278,17280],{"id":17279},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17282,167,17283,3072,17285,17287],{},[15,17284,3984],{},[15,17286,9313],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[447,17289,17291],{"id":17290},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17293,17294,17295,445],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17296,17297],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[447,17299,17301],{"id":17300},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17303,17304],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[447,17306,17308],{"id":17307},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17310,17311],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[447,17313,2055,17315,839,17317,2009],{"id":17314},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17316,3984],{},[15,17318,9313],{},[20,17320,17321,17323,17324,17326],{},[15,17322,3984],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17325,9313],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[33,17328,2075],{"id":2074},[187,17330,17331,17335,17341,17345,17351],{},[190,17332,17333],{},[594,17334,9349],{"href":9348},[190,17336,17337],{},[594,17338,10930,17339,10934],{"href":10929},[15,17340,10933],{},[190,17342,17343],{},[594,17344,11445],{"href":10924},[190,17346,17347],{},[594,17348,17350],{"href":17349},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[190,17352,17353],{},[594,17354,11456],{"href":11267},[20,17356,17357],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2110,17359,17360],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":17362},[17363,17364,17365,17366,17369,17372,17377,17378,17383,17384,17389,17390,17398],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":15356,"depth":72,"text":15357},{"id":15374,"depth":72,"text":15362},{"id":15459,"depth":72,"text":15460,"children":17367},[17368],{"id":15611,"depth":84,"text":15612},{"id":9593,"depth":72,"text":9594,"children":17370},[17371],{"id":15790,"depth":84,"text":15791},{"id":15903,"depth":72,"text":17373,"children":17374},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17375],{"id":16030,"depth":84,"text":17376},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9635,"depth":72,"text":9636},{"id":16384,"depth":72,"text":16385,"children":17379},[17380,17381,17382],{"id":16405,"depth":84,"text":16406},{"id":16507,"depth":84,"text":16508},{"id":16589,"depth":84,"text":16590},{"id":16675,"depth":72,"text":16676},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":17385},[17386,17387,17388],{"id":16835,"depth":84,"text":16836},{"id":16893,"depth":84,"text":16894},{"id":16957,"depth":84,"text":16958},{"id":17033,"depth":72,"text":17034},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":17391},[17392,17393,17394,17395,17396],{"id":17279,"depth":84,"text":17280},{"id":17290,"depth":84,"text":17291},{"id":17300,"depth":84,"text":17301},{"id":17307,"depth":84,"text":17308},{"id":17314,"depth":84,"text":17397},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15199,"description":17399},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17405,"title":17406,"body":17407,"description":19857,"extension":2167,"meta":19858,"navigation":87,"path":19859,"seo":19860,"stem":19861,"__hash__":19862},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17408,"toc":19813},[17409,17415,17421,17424,17427,17429,17511,17517,17522,17526,17544,17556,17561,17565,17588,17592,17604,17612,17616,17622,17624,17627,17701,17703,17748,17750,17767,17772,17778,17783,17857,17859,17904,17907,17918,17920,18039,18041,18094,18101,18105,18108,18125,18131,18135,18233,18235,18287,18294,18298,18304,18307,18310,18337,18342,18346,18349,18453,18455,18500,18503,18506,18511,18516,18527,18529,18590,18650,18656,18664,18670,18675,18680,18740,18744,18811,18814,18818,18889,18892,18905,18912,18914,18918,18922,18993,18995,19032,19035,19038,19101,19108,19111,19153,19163,19166,19235,19241,19246,19330,19332,19381,19388,19394,19439,19441,19474,19479,19483,19489,19528,19572,19640,19683,19685,19691,19694,19698,19703,19707,19710,19714,19716,19777,19779,19805,19810],[10,17410,11512,17412,11516],{"id":17411},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17413,17414],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17416,17417,17420],{},[15,17418,17419],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17422,17423],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17425,17426],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[33,17428,36],{"id":35},[38,17430,17432],{"className":40,"code":17431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17433,17434,17467,17495,17506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17435,17436,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17437,17438],{"class":53},"keys ",[47,17440,58],{"class":57},[47,17442,3815],{"class":98},[47,17444,128],{"class":61},[47,17446,103],{"class":65},[47,17448,128],{"class":61},[47,17450,136],{"class":98},[47,17452,62],{"class":61},[47,17454,116],{"class":65},[47,17456,128],{"class":61},[47,17458,136],{"class":98},[47,17460,62],{"class":61},[47,17462,10601],{"class":65},[47,17464,128],{"class":61},[47,17466,3828],{"class":98},[47,17468,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17491,17493],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17470,13398],{"class":53},[47,17472,58],{"class":57},[47,17474,9364],{"class":1788},[47,17476,445],{"class":98},[47,17478,17479],{"class":102},"fromkeys",[47,17481,99],{"class":98},[47,17483,17119],{"class":102},[47,17485,136],{"class":98},[47,17487,62],{"class":61},[47,17489,17490],{"class":65},"unknown",[47,17492,128],{"class":61},[47,17494,106],{"class":98},[47,17496,17497,17499,17501,17504],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,17498,95],{"class":94},[47,17500,99],{"class":98},[47,17502,17503],{"class":102},"person",[47,17505,106],{"class":98},[47,17507,17508],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,17509,17510],{"class":3857},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17512,167,17513,17516],{},[15,17514,17515],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[33,17518,174,17520,177],{"id":17519},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17521,17419],{},[20,17523,17524,420],{},[15,17525,17419],{},[187,17527,17528,17531,17534,17537],{},[190,17529,17530],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[190,17532,17533],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[190,17535,17536],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[190,17538,17539,17540,17543],{},"Is called as ",[15,17541,17542],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17545,17546,17547,17549,17550,17552,17553,445],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17548,9015],{},", so you write ",[15,17551,17542],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17554,17555],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17557,17558,17559,445],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[594,17560,9349],{"href":13218},[33,17562,17564],{"id":17563},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[38,17566,17568],{"className":40,"code":17567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17569,17570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17571,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17573,9015],{"class":1788},[47,17575,445],{"class":98},[47,17577,17479],{"class":102},[47,17579,99],{"class":98},[47,17581,3913],{"class":102},[47,17583,136],{"class":98},[47,17585,8626],{"class":102},[47,17587,106],{"class":98},[447,17589,17591],{"id":17590},"parameters","Parameters",[187,17593,17594,17599],{},[190,17595,17596,17598],{},[15,17597,3913],{},": the keys to use",[190,17600,17601,17603],{},[15,17602,2668],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17605,17606,17607,17609,17610,445],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17608,2668],{},", each key gets ",[15,17611,285],{},[447,17613,17615],{"id":17614},"return-value","Return value",[20,17617,17618,17619,445],{},"It returns a ",[280,17620,17621],{},"new dictionary",[33,17623,5982],{"id":5981},[20,17625,17626],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[38,17628,17630],{"className":40,"code":17629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17631,17632,17664,17686,17690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17633,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17635,17438],{"class":53},[47,17637,58],{"class":57},[47,17639,3815],{"class":98},[47,17641,128],{"class":61},[47,17643,876],{"class":65},[47,17645,128],{"class":61},[47,17647,136],{"class":98},[47,17649,62],{"class":61},[47,17651,885],{"class":65},[47,17653,128],{"class":61},[47,17655,136],{"class":98},[47,17657,62],{"class":61},[47,17659,894],{"class":65},[47,17661,128],{"class":61},[47,17663,3828],{"class":98},[47,17665,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17667,13271],{"class":53},[47,17669,58],{"class":57},[47,17671,9364],{"class":1788},[47,17673,445],{"class":98},[47,17675,17479],{"class":102},[47,17677,99],{"class":98},[47,17679,17119],{"class":102},[47,17681,136],{"class":98},[47,17683,4026],{"class":80},[47,17685,106],{"class":98},[47,17687,17688],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,17689,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,17691,17692,17694,17696,17699],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,17693,95],{"class":94},[47,17695,99],{"class":98},[47,17697,17698],{"class":102},"colors",[47,17700,106],{"class":98},[20,17702,144],{},[38,17704,17706],{"className":40,"code":17705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17707,17708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17709,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17711,9470],{"class":98},[47,17713,3493],{"class":61},[47,17715,876],{"class":65},[47,17717,3493],{"class":61},[47,17719,420],{"class":98},[47,17721,4026],{"class":80},[47,17723,136],{"class":98},[47,17725,3488],{"class":61},[47,17727,885],{"class":65},[47,17729,3493],{"class":61},[47,17731,420],{"class":98},[47,17733,4026],{"class":80},[47,17735,136],{"class":98},[47,17737,3488],{"class":61},[47,17739,894],{"class":65},[47,17741,3493],{"class":61},[47,17743,420],{"class":98},[47,17745,4026],{"class":80},[47,17747,9500],{"class":98},[20,17749,11879],{},[187,17751,17752,17757,17762],{},[190,17753,17754,17756],{},[15,17755,17119],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[190,17758,17759,17761],{},[15,17760,2321],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[190,17763,17764,17766],{},[15,17765,17419],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17768,17769,17770,445],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[594,17771,9583],{"href":13221},[33,17773,1654,17775,17777],{"id":17774},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17776,17414],{}," without a value",[20,17779,17780,17781,445],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17782,285],{},[38,17784,17786],{"className":40,"code":17785,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17787,17788,17822,17842,17846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17789,17790,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17818,17820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17791,17792],{"class":53},"fields ",[47,17794,58],{"class":57},[47,17796,3815],{"class":98},[47,17798,128],{"class":61},[47,17800,8180],{"class":65},[47,17802,128],{"class":61},[47,17804,136],{"class":98},[47,17806,62],{"class":61},[47,17808,15453],{"class":65},[47,17810,128],{"class":61},[47,17812,136],{"class":98},[47,17814,62],{"class":61},[47,17816,17817],{"class":65},"password",[47,17819,128],{"class":61},[47,17821,3828],{"class":98},[47,17823,17824,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17840],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17825,17826],{"class":53},"user_data ",[47,17828,58],{"class":57},[47,17830,9364],{"class":1788},[47,17832,445],{"class":98},[47,17834,17479],{"class":102},[47,17836,99],{"class":98},[47,17838,17839],{"class":102},"fields",[47,17841,106],{"class":98},[47,17843,17844],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,17845,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,17847,17848,17850,17852,17855],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,17849,95],{"class":94},[47,17851,99],{"class":98},[47,17853,17854],{"class":102},"user_data",[47,17856,106],{"class":98},[20,17858,144],{},[38,17860,17862],{"className":40,"code":17861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17863,17864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17865,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17867,9470],{"class":98},[47,17869,3493],{"class":61},[47,17871,8180],{"class":65},[47,17873,3493],{"class":61},[47,17875,420],{"class":98},[47,17877,4045],{"class":1334},[47,17879,136],{"class":98},[47,17881,3488],{"class":61},[47,17883,15453],{"class":65},[47,17885,3493],{"class":61},[47,17887,420],{"class":98},[47,17889,4045],{"class":1334},[47,17891,136],{"class":98},[47,17893,3488],{"class":61},[47,17895,17817],{"class":65},[47,17897,3493],{"class":61},[47,17899,420],{"class":98},[47,17901,4045],{"class":1334},[47,17903,9500],{"class":98},[20,17905,17906],{},"This is useful when:",[187,17908,17909,17912,17915],{},[190,17910,17911],{},"You want to create the keys first",[190,17913,17914],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[190,17916,17917],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17919,204],{},[38,17921,17923],{"className":40,"code":17922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17924,17925,17957,17975,17979,18002,18025,18029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,17926,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,17928,17792],{"class":53},[47,17930,58],{"class":57},[47,17932,3815],{"class":98},[47,17934,128],{"class":61},[47,17936,8180],{"class":65},[47,17938,128],{"class":61},[47,17940,136],{"class":98},[47,17942,62],{"class":61},[47,17944,15453],{"class":65},[47,17946,128],{"class":61},[47,17948,136],{"class":98},[47,17950,62],{"class":61},[47,17952,17817],{"class":65},[47,17954,128],{"class":61},[47,17956,3828],{"class":98},[47,17958,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,17960,17826],{"class":53},[47,17962,58],{"class":57},[47,17964,9364],{"class":1788},[47,17966,445],{"class":98},[47,17968,17479],{"class":102},[47,17970,99],{"class":98},[47,17972,17839],{"class":102},[47,17974,106],{"class":98},[47,17976,17977],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,17978,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,17980,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,18000],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,17982,17854],{"class":53},[47,17984,4092],{"class":98},[47,17986,128],{"class":61},[47,17988,8180],{"class":65},[47,17990,128],{"class":61},[47,17992,13467],{"class":98},[47,17994,13470],{"class":57},[47,17996,62],{"class":61},[47,17998,17999],{"class":65},"alice",[47,18001,69],{"class":61},[47,18003,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18014,18016,18018,18020,18023],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,18005,17854],{"class":53},[47,18007,4092],{"class":98},[47,18009,128],{"class":61},[47,18011,15453],{"class":65},[47,18013,128],{"class":61},[47,18015,13467],{"class":98},[47,18017,13470],{"class":57},[47,18019,62],{"class":61},[47,18021,18022],{"class":65},"alice@example.com",[47,18024,69],{"class":61},[47,18026,18027],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,18028,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,18030,18031,18033,18035,18037],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,18032,95],{"class":94},[47,18034,99],{"class":98},[47,18036,17854],{"class":102},[47,18038,106],{"class":98},[20,18040,144],{},[38,18042,18044],{"className":40,"code":18043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18045,18046],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18047,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18049,9470],{"class":98},[47,18051,3493],{"class":61},[47,18053,8180],{"class":65},[47,18055,3493],{"class":61},[47,18057,420],{"class":98},[47,18059,3488],{"class":61},[47,18061,17999],{"class":65},[47,18063,3493],{"class":61},[47,18065,136],{"class":98},[47,18067,3488],{"class":61},[47,18069,15453],{"class":65},[47,18071,3493],{"class":61},[47,18073,420],{"class":98},[47,18075,3488],{"class":61},[47,18077,18022],{"class":65},[47,18079,3493],{"class":61},[47,18081,136],{"class":98},[47,18083,3488],{"class":61},[47,18085,17817],{"class":65},[47,18087,3493],{"class":61},[47,18089,420],{"class":98},[47,18091,4045],{"class":1334},[47,18093,9500],{"class":98},[20,18095,18096,18097,445],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[594,18098,18100],{"href":18099},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,18102,18104],{"id":18103},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18106,18107],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[187,18109,18110,18115,18120],{},[190,18111,18112,18114],{},[15,18113,3979],{}," (list)",[190,18116,18117,18119],{},[15,18118,3984],{}," (dictionary)",[190,18121,18122,18124],{},[15,18123,3989],{}," (set)",[20,18126,18127,18128,445],{},"All keys will point to the ",[280,18129,18130],{},"same object",[447,18132,18134],{"id":18133},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[38,18136,18138],{"className":40,"code":18137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18139,18140,18172,18193,18197,18219,18223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18141,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18143,17438],{"class":53},[47,18145,58],{"class":57},[47,18147,3815],{"class":98},[47,18149,128],{"class":61},[47,18151,594],{"class":65},[47,18153,128],{"class":61},[47,18155,136],{"class":98},[47,18157,62],{"class":61},[47,18159,4957],{"class":65},[47,18161,128],{"class":61},[47,18163,136],{"class":98},[47,18165,62],{"class":61},[47,18167,9931],{"class":65},[47,18169,128],{"class":61},[47,18171,3828],{"class":98},[47,18173,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18175,9359],{"class":53},[47,18177,58],{"class":57},[47,18179,9364],{"class":1788},[47,18181,445],{"class":98},[47,18183,17479],{"class":102},[47,18185,99],{"class":98},[47,18187,17119],{"class":102},[47,18189,136],{"class":98},[47,18191,18192],{"class":98}," [])\n",[47,18194,18195],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,18196,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,18198,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,18200,9396],{"class":53},[47,18202,4092],{"class":98},[47,18204,128],{"class":61},[47,18206,594],{"class":65},[47,18208,128],{"class":61},[47,18210,13744],{"class":98},[47,18212,13747],{"class":102},[47,18214,99],{"class":98},[47,18216,1476],{"class":80},[47,18218,106],{"class":98},[47,18220,18221],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,18222,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,18224,18225,18227,18229,18231],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,18226,95],{"class":94},[47,18228,99],{"class":98},[47,18230,9396],{"class":102},[47,18232,106],{"class":98},[20,18234,144],{},[38,18236,18238],{"className":40,"code":18237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18239,18240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18241,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18243,9470],{"class":98},[47,18245,3493],{"class":61},[47,18247,594],{"class":65},[47,18249,3493],{"class":61},[47,18251,420],{"class":98},[47,18253,3815],{"class":98},[47,18255,1476],{"class":80},[47,18257,18258],{"class":98},"],",[47,18260,3488],{"class":61},[47,18262,4957],{"class":65},[47,18264,3493],{"class":61},[47,18266,420],{"class":98},[47,18268,3815],{"class":98},[47,18270,1476],{"class":80},[47,18272,18258],{"class":98},[47,18274,3488],{"class":61},[47,18276,9931],{"class":65},[47,18278,3493],{"class":61},[47,18280,420],{"class":98},[47,18282,3815],{"class":98},[47,18284,1476],{"class":80},[47,18286,13900],{"class":98},[20,18288,18289,18290,18293],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18291,18292],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[447,18295,18297],{"id":18296},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18299,18300,18303],{},[15,18301,18302],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18305,18306],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18308,18309],{},"So this:",[38,18311,18313],{"className":40,"code":18312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18314,18315],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18316,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18318,9396],{"class":53},[47,18320,4092],{"class":98},[47,18322,128],{"class":61},[47,18324,594],{"class":65},[47,18326,128],{"class":61},[47,18328,13744],{"class":98},[47,18330,13747],{"class":102},[47,18332,99],{"class":98},[47,18334,1476],{"class":80},[47,18336,106],{"class":98},[20,18338,18339,18340,445],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18341,18292],{},[447,18343,18345],{"id":18344},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18347,18348],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[38,18350,18352],{"className":40,"code":18351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18353,18354,18386,18413,18417,18439,18443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18355,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18357,17438],{"class":53},[47,18359,58],{"class":57},[47,18361,3815],{"class":98},[47,18363,128],{"class":61},[47,18365,594],{"class":65},[47,18367,128],{"class":61},[47,18369,136],{"class":98},[47,18371,62],{"class":61},[47,18373,4957],{"class":65},[47,18375,128],{"class":61},[47,18377,136],{"class":98},[47,18379,62],{"class":61},[47,18381,9931],{"class":65},[47,18383,128],{"class":61},[47,18385,3828],{"class":98},[47,18387,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18401,18403,18406,18408,18411],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18389,9359],{"class":53},[47,18391,58],{"class":57},[47,18393,10683],{"class":98},[47,18395,15035],{"class":53},[47,18397,420],{"class":98},[47,18399,18400],{"class":98}," []",[47,18402,4069],{"class":1461},[47,18404,18405],{"class":53}," key ",[47,18407,1468],{"class":1461},[47,18409,18410],{"class":53}," keys",[47,18412,9500],{"class":98},[47,18414,18415],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,18416,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,18418,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,18420,9396],{"class":53},[47,18422,4092],{"class":98},[47,18424,128],{"class":61},[47,18426,594],{"class":65},[47,18428,128],{"class":61},[47,18430,13744],{"class":98},[47,18432,13747],{"class":102},[47,18434,99],{"class":98},[47,18436,1476],{"class":80},[47,18438,106],{"class":98},[47,18440,18441],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,18442,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,18444,18445,18447,18449,18451],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,18446,95],{"class":94},[47,18448,99],{"class":98},[47,18450,9396],{"class":102},[47,18452,106],{"class":98},[20,18454,144],{},[38,18456,18458],{"className":40,"code":18457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18459,18460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18461,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18463,9470],{"class":98},[47,18465,3493],{"class":61},[47,18467,594],{"class":65},[47,18469,3493],{"class":61},[47,18471,420],{"class":98},[47,18473,3815],{"class":98},[47,18475,1476],{"class":80},[47,18477,18258],{"class":98},[47,18479,3488],{"class":61},[47,18481,4957],{"class":65},[47,18483,3493],{"class":61},[47,18485,420],{"class":98},[47,18487,18488],{"class":98}," [],",[47,18490,3488],{"class":61},[47,18492,9931],{"class":65},[47,18494,3493],{"class":61},[47,18496,420],{"class":98},[47,18498,18499],{"class":98}," []}\n",[20,18501,18502],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18504,18505],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[33,18507,5158,18509],{"id":18508},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18510,17414],{},[20,18512,18513,18515],{},[15,18514,17419],{}," is a good choice when:",[187,18517,18518,18521,18524],{},[190,18519,18520],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[190,18522,18523],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[190,18525,18526],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18528,2327],{},[38,18530,18532],{"className":40,"code":18531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18533,18534,18579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18535,18536,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18571,18573,18575,18577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18537,18538],{"class":53},"flags ",[47,18540,58],{"class":57},[47,18542,9364],{"class":1788},[47,18544,445],{"class":98},[47,18546,17479],{"class":102},[47,18548,3178],{"class":98},[47,18550,128],{"class":61},[47,18552,18553],{"class":65},"is_admin",[47,18555,128],{"class":61},[47,18557,136],{"class":98},[47,18559,62],{"class":61},[47,18561,15273],{"class":65},[47,18563,128],{"class":61},[47,18565,136],{"class":98},[47,18567,62],{"class":61},[47,18569,18570],{"class":65},"is_verified",[47,18572,128],{"class":61},[47,18574,18258],{"class":98},[47,18576,4099],{"class":1334},[47,18578,106],{"class":98},[47,18580,18581,18583,18585,18588],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18582,95],{"class":94},[47,18584,99],{"class":98},[47,18586,18587],{"class":102},"flags",[47,18589,106],{"class":98},[38,18591,18593],{"className":40,"code":18592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18594,18595,18640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18596,18597,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18614,18616,18618,18620,18623,18625,18627,18629,18632,18634,18636,18638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18598,5261],{"class":53},[47,18600,58],{"class":57},[47,18602,9364],{"class":1788},[47,18604,445],{"class":98},[47,18606,17479],{"class":102},[47,18608,3178],{"class":98},[47,18610,128],{"class":61},[47,18612,18613],{"class":65},"math",[47,18615,128],{"class":61},[47,18617,136],{"class":98},[47,18619,62],{"class":61},[47,18621,18622],{"class":65},"science",[47,18624,128],{"class":61},[47,18626,136],{"class":98},[47,18628,62],{"class":61},[47,18630,18631],{"class":65},"history",[47,18633,128],{"class":61},[47,18635,18258],{"class":98},[47,18637,4026],{"class":80},[47,18639,106],{"class":98},[47,18641,18642,18644,18646,18648],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18643,95],{"class":94},[47,18645,99],{"class":98},[47,18647,16584],{"class":102},[47,18649,106],{"class":98},[20,18651,18652,18653,18655],{},"It is ",[280,18654,4826],{}," the best choice when:",[187,18657,18658,18661],{},[190,18659,18660],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[190,18662,18663],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[33,18665,18667,18669],{"id":18666},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18668,17414],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18671,18672,18674],{},[15,18673,17414],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[447,18676,1654,18678],{"id":18677},"using-fromkeys",[15,18679,17414],{},[38,18681,18683],{"className":40,"code":18682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18684,18685,18730],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18686,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18704,18706,18708,18710,18713,18715,18717,18719,18722,18724,18726,18728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18688,14020],{"class":53},[47,18690,58],{"class":57},[47,18692,9364],{"class":1788},[47,18694,445],{"class":98},[47,18696,17479],{"class":102},[47,18698,3178],{"class":98},[47,18700,128],{"class":61},[47,18702,18703],{"class":65},"sound",[47,18705,128],{"class":61},[47,18707,136],{"class":98},[47,18709,62],{"class":61},[47,18711,18712],{"class":65},"music",[47,18714,128],{"class":61},[47,18716,136],{"class":98},[47,18718,62],{"class":61},[47,18720,18721],{"class":65},"notifications",[47,18723,128],{"class":61},[47,18725,18258],{"class":98},[47,18727,4108],{"class":1334},[47,18729,106],{"class":98},[47,18731,18732,18734,18736,18738],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18733,95],{"class":94},[47,18735,99],{"class":98},[47,18737,14079],{"class":102},[47,18739,106],{"class":98},[447,18741,18743],{"id":18742},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[38,18745,18747],{"className":40,"code":18746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18748,18749,18757,18771,18785,18797,18801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18750,18751,18753,18755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18752,14020],{"class":53},[47,18754,58],{"class":57},[47,18756,11688],{"class":98},[47,18758,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18760,11693],{"class":61},[47,18762,18703],{"class":65},[47,18764,128],{"class":61},[47,18766,420],{"class":98},[47,18768,4108],{"class":1334},[47,18770,11709],{"class":98},[47,18772,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,18774,11693],{"class":61},[47,18776,18712],{"class":65},[47,18778,128],{"class":61},[47,18780,420],{"class":98},[47,18782,4099],{"class":1334},[47,18784,11709],{"class":98},[47,18786,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,18788,11693],{"class":61},[47,18790,18721],{"class":65},[47,18792,128],{"class":61},[47,18794,420],{"class":98},[47,18796,6616],{"class":1334},[47,18798,18799],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,18800,9500],{"class":98},[47,18802,18803,18805,18807,18809],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,18804,95],{"class":94},[47,18806,99],{"class":98},[47,18808,14079],{"class":102},[47,18810,106],{"class":98},[20,18812,18813],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[447,18815,18817],{"id":18816},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[38,18819,18821],{"className":40,"code":18820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18822,18823,18855,18879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18824,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18826,17438],{"class":53},[47,18828,58],{"class":57},[47,18830,3815],{"class":98},[47,18832,128],{"class":61},[47,18834,594],{"class":65},[47,18836,128],{"class":61},[47,18838,136],{"class":98},[47,18840,62],{"class":61},[47,18842,4957],{"class":65},[47,18844,128],{"class":61},[47,18846,136],{"class":98},[47,18848,62],{"class":61},[47,18850,9931],{"class":65},[47,18852,128],{"class":61},[47,18854,3828],{"class":98},[47,18856,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873,18875,18877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18858,9359],{"class":53},[47,18860,58],{"class":57},[47,18862,10683],{"class":98},[47,18864,15035],{"class":53},[47,18866,420],{"class":98},[47,18868,18400],{"class":98},[47,18870,4069],{"class":1461},[47,18872,18405],{"class":53},[47,18874,1468],{"class":1461},[47,18876,18410],{"class":53},[47,18878,9500],{"class":98},[47,18880,18881,18883,18885,18887],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,18882,95],{"class":94},[47,18884,99],{"class":98},[47,18886,9396],{"class":102},[47,18888,106],{"class":98},[20,18890,18891],{},"Use:",[187,18893,18894,18899,18902],{},[190,18895,18896,18898],{},[15,18897,17414],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[190,18900,18901],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[190,18903,18904],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18906,18907,18908,445],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[594,18909,10930,18910,10934],{"href":14227},[15,18911,15148],{},[33,18913,1595],{"id":1594},[20,18915,14927,18916,445],{},[15,18917,17419],{},[447,18919,18921],{"id":18920},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[38,18923,18925],{"className":40,"code":18924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18926,18927,18960,18983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,18928,18929,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,18930,18931],{"class":53},"d ",[47,18933,58],{"class":57},[47,18935,9364],{"class":1788},[47,18937,445],{"class":98},[47,18939,17479],{"class":102},[47,18941,3178],{"class":98},[47,18943,128],{"class":61},[47,18945,594],{"class":65},[47,18947,128],{"class":61},[47,18949,136],{"class":98},[47,18951,62],{"class":61},[47,18953,4957],{"class":65},[47,18955,128],{"class":61},[47,18957,18258],{"class":98},[47,18959,18192],{"class":98},[47,18961,18962,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,18963,18964],{"class":53},"d",[47,18966,4092],{"class":98},[47,18968,128],{"class":61},[47,18970,594],{"class":65},[47,18972,128],{"class":61},[47,18974,13744],{"class":98},[47,18976,13747],{"class":102},[47,18978,99],{"class":98},[47,18980,1476],{"class":80},[47,18982,106],{"class":98},[47,18984,18985,18987,18989,18991],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,18986,95],{"class":94},[47,18988,99],{"class":98},[47,18990,18964],{"class":102},[47,18992,106],{"class":98},[20,18994,144],{},[38,18996,18998],{"className":40,"code":18997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18999,19000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19001,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19003,9470],{"class":98},[47,19005,3493],{"class":61},[47,19007,594],{"class":65},[47,19009,3493],{"class":61},[47,19011,420],{"class":98},[47,19013,3815],{"class":98},[47,19015,1476],{"class":80},[47,19017,18258],{"class":98},[47,19019,3488],{"class":61},[47,19021,4957],{"class":65},[47,19023,3493],{"class":61},[47,19025,420],{"class":98},[47,19027,3815],{"class":98},[47,19029,1476],{"class":80},[47,19031,13900],{"class":98},[20,19033,19034],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19036,19037],{},"Use this instead:",[38,19039,19041],{"className":40,"code":19040,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19042,19043,19067,19091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19044,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19046,17438],{"class":53},[47,19048,58],{"class":57},[47,19050,3815],{"class":98},[47,19052,128],{"class":61},[47,19054,594],{"class":65},[47,19056,128],{"class":61},[47,19058,136],{"class":98},[47,19060,62],{"class":61},[47,19062,4957],{"class":65},[47,19064,128],{"class":61},[47,19066,3828],{"class":98},[47,19068,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19070,18931],{"class":53},[47,19072,58],{"class":57},[47,19074,10683],{"class":98},[47,19076,15035],{"class":53},[47,19078,420],{"class":98},[47,19080,18400],{"class":98},[47,19082,4069],{"class":1461},[47,19084,18405],{"class":53},[47,19086,1468],{"class":1461},[47,19088,18410],{"class":53},[47,19090,9500],{"class":98},[47,19092,19093,19095,19097,19099],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,19094,95],{"class":94},[47,19096,99],{"class":98},[47,19098,18964],{"class":102},[47,19100,106],{"class":98},[447,19102,19104,19105,19107],{"id":19103},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19106,17414],{}," on a list",[20,19109,19110],{},"Wrong idea:",[38,19112,19114],{"className":40,"code":19113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19115,19116,19148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19117,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142,19144,19146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19119,17438],{"class":53},[47,19121,58],{"class":57},[47,19123,3815],{"class":98},[47,19125,128],{"class":61},[47,19127,594],{"class":65},[47,19129,128],{"class":61},[47,19131,136],{"class":98},[47,19133,62],{"class":61},[47,19135,4957],{"class":65},[47,19137,128],{"class":61},[47,19139,136],{"class":98},[47,19141,62],{"class":61},[47,19143,9931],{"class":65},[47,19145,128],{"class":61},[47,19147,3828],{"class":98},[47,19149,19150],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19151,19152],{"class":3857},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19154,19155,19157,19158,19160,19161,445],{},[15,19156,17414],{}," belongs to ",[15,19159,9015],{},", not ",[15,19162,8288],{},[20,19164,19165],{},"Correct usage:",[38,19167,19169],{"className":40,"code":19168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19170,19171,19203,19225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19172,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19174,17438],{"class":53},[47,19176,58],{"class":57},[47,19178,3815],{"class":98},[47,19180,128],{"class":61},[47,19182,594],{"class":65},[47,19184,128],{"class":61},[47,19186,136],{"class":98},[47,19188,62],{"class":61},[47,19190,4957],{"class":65},[47,19192,128],{"class":61},[47,19194,136],{"class":98},[47,19196,62],{"class":61},[47,19198,9931],{"class":65},[47,19200,128],{"class":61},[47,19202,3828],{"class":98},[47,19204,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19206,18931],{"class":53},[47,19208,58],{"class":57},[47,19210,9364],{"class":1788},[47,19212,445],{"class":98},[47,19214,17479],{"class":102},[47,19216,99],{"class":98},[47,19218,17119],{"class":102},[47,19220,136],{"class":98},[47,19222,4026],{"class":80},[47,19224,106],{"class":98},[47,19226,19227,19229,19231,19233],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,19228,95],{"class":94},[47,19230,99],{"class":98},[47,19232,18964],{"class":102},[47,19234,106],{"class":98},[447,19236,1807,19238,19240],{"id":19237},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19239,17414],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19242,19243,19245],{},[15,19244,17419],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[38,19247,19249],{"className":40,"code":19248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19250,19251,19271,19305,19309,19319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19252,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19254,12280],{"class":53},[47,19256,58],{"class":57},[47,19258,10683],{"class":98},[47,19260,128],{"class":61},[47,19262,2374],{"class":65},[47,19264,128],{"class":61},[47,19266,420],{"class":98},[47,19268,1545],{"class":80},[47,19270,9500],{"class":98},[47,19272,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19274,13233],{"class":53},[47,19276,58],{"class":57},[47,19278,9364],{"class":1788},[47,19280,445],{"class":98},[47,19282,17479],{"class":102},[47,19284,3178],{"class":98},[47,19286,128],{"class":61},[47,19288,594],{"class":65},[47,19290,128],{"class":61},[47,19292,136],{"class":98},[47,19294,62],{"class":61},[47,19296,4957],{"class":65},[47,19298,128],{"class":61},[47,19300,18258],{"class":98},[47,19302,4026],{"class":80},[47,19304,106],{"class":98},[47,19306,19307],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,19308,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,19310,19311,19313,19315,19317],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,19312,95],{"class":94},[47,19314,99],{"class":98},[47,19316,12327],{"class":102},[47,19318,106],{"class":98},[47,19320,19321,19323,19325,19328],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,19322,95],{"class":94},[47,19324,99],{"class":98},[47,19326,19327],{"class":102},"new_dict",[47,19329,106],{"class":98},[20,19331,144],{},[38,19333,19335],{"className":40,"code":19334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19336,19337,19353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19338,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19340,9470],{"class":98},[47,19342,3493],{"class":61},[47,19344,2374],{"class":65},[47,19346,3493],{"class":61},[47,19348,420],{"class":98},[47,19350,1545],{"class":80},[47,19352,9500],{"class":98},[47,19354,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19356,9470],{"class":98},[47,19358,3493],{"class":61},[47,19360,594],{"class":65},[47,19362,3493],{"class":61},[47,19364,420],{"class":98},[47,19366,4026],{"class":80},[47,19368,136],{"class":98},[47,19370,3488],{"class":61},[47,19372,4957],{"class":65},[47,19374,3493],{"class":61},[47,19376,420],{"class":98},[47,19378,4026],{"class":80},[47,19380,9500],{"class":98},[20,19382,19383,19384,445],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[594,19385,10930,19386,10934],{"href":14227},[15,19387,15148],{},[447,19389,19391,19392],{"id":19390},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19393,285],{},[38,19395,19397],{"className":40,"code":19396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19398,19399,19429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19400,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19402,18931],{"class":53},[47,19404,58],{"class":57},[47,19406,9364],{"class":1788},[47,19408,445],{"class":98},[47,19410,17479],{"class":102},[47,19412,3178],{"class":98},[47,19414,128],{"class":61},[47,19416,2374],{"class":65},[47,19418,128],{"class":61},[47,19420,136],{"class":98},[47,19422,62],{"class":61},[47,19424,11941],{"class":65},[47,19426,128],{"class":61},[47,19428,4080],{"class":98},[47,19430,19431,19433,19435,19437],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19432,95],{"class":94},[47,19434,99],{"class":98},[47,19436,18964],{"class":102},[47,19438,106],{"class":98},[20,19440,144],{},[38,19442,19444],{"className":40,"code":19443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19445,19446],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19447,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19449,9470],{"class":98},[47,19451,3493],{"class":61},[47,19453,2374],{"class":65},[47,19455,3493],{"class":61},[47,19457,420],{"class":98},[47,19459,4045],{"class":1334},[47,19461,136],{"class":98},[47,19463,3488],{"class":61},[47,19465,11941],{"class":65},[47,19467,3493],{"class":61},[47,19469,420],{"class":98},[47,19471,4045],{"class":1334},[47,19473,9500],{"class":98},[20,19475,19476,19477,445],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19478,285],{},[33,19480,19482],{"id":19481},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19484,19485,19486,19488],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19487,17414],{}," works.",[38,19490,19492],{"className":40,"code":19491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19493,19494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19495,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19497,95],{"class":94},[47,19499,99],{"class":98},[47,19501,9015],{"class":1788},[47,19503,445],{"class":98},[47,19505,17479],{"class":102},[47,19507,3178],{"class":98},[47,19509,128],{"class":61},[47,19511,594],{"class":65},[47,19513,128],{"class":61},[47,19515,136],{"class":98},[47,19517,62],{"class":61},[47,19519,4957],{"class":65},[47,19521,128],{"class":61},[47,19523,18258],{"class":98},[47,19525,4026],{"class":80},[47,19527,1796],{"class":98},[38,19529,19530],{"className":40,"code":19396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19531,19532,19562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19533,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19535,18931],{"class":53},[47,19537,58],{"class":57},[47,19539,9364],{"class":1788},[47,19541,445],{"class":98},[47,19543,17479],{"class":102},[47,19545,3178],{"class":98},[47,19547,128],{"class":61},[47,19549,2374],{"class":65},[47,19551,128],{"class":61},[47,19553,136],{"class":98},[47,19555,62],{"class":61},[47,19557,11941],{"class":65},[47,19559,128],{"class":61},[47,19561,4080],{"class":98},[47,19563,19564,19566,19568,19570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19565,95],{"class":94},[47,19567,99],{"class":98},[47,19569,18964],{"class":102},[47,19571,106],{"class":98},[38,19573,19574],{"className":40,"code":18924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,19575,19576,19608,19630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19577,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19579,18931],{"class":53},[47,19581,58],{"class":57},[47,19583,9364],{"class":1788},[47,19585,445],{"class":98},[47,19587,17479],{"class":102},[47,19589,3178],{"class":98},[47,19591,128],{"class":61},[47,19593,594],{"class":65},[47,19595,128],{"class":61},[47,19597,136],{"class":98},[47,19599,62],{"class":61},[47,19601,4957],{"class":65},[47,19603,128],{"class":61},[47,19605,18258],{"class":98},[47,19607,18192],{"class":98},[47,19609,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19611,18964],{"class":53},[47,19613,4092],{"class":98},[47,19615,128],{"class":61},[47,19617,594],{"class":65},[47,19619,128],{"class":61},[47,19621,13744],{"class":98},[47,19623,13747],{"class":102},[47,19625,99],{"class":98},[47,19627,1476],{"class":80},[47,19629,106],{"class":98},[47,19631,19632,19634,19636,19638],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,19633,95],{"class":94},[47,19635,99],{"class":98},[47,19637,18964],{"class":102},[47,19639,106],{"class":98},[38,19641,19643],{"className":40,"code":19642,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19644,19645],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19646,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19677,19679,19681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19648,95],{"class":94},[47,19650,99],{"class":98},[47,19652,1922],{"class":1788},[47,19654,99],{"class":98},[47,19656,9015],{"class":1788},[47,19658,445],{"class":98},[47,19660,17479],{"class":102},[47,19662,3178],{"class":98},[47,19664,1476],{"class":80},[47,19666,136],{"class":98},[47,19668,1562],{"class":80},[47,19670,136],{"class":98},[47,19672,249],{"class":80},[47,19674,18258],{"class":98},[47,19676,62],{"class":61},[47,19678,2668],{"class":65},[47,19680,128],{"class":61},[47,19682,3106],{"class":98},[33,19684,1969],{"id":1968},[447,19686,1973,19688,19690],{"id":19687},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19689,17414],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19692,19693],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[447,19695,19697],{"id":19696},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19699,19700,19701,445],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19702,285],{},[447,19704,19706],{"id":19705},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19708,19709],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[447,19711,19713],{"id":19712},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19715,18348],{},[38,19717,19719],{"className":40,"code":19718,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19720,19721,19753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19722,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19724,17438],{"class":53},[47,19726,58],{"class":57},[47,19728,3815],{"class":98},[47,19730,128],{"class":61},[47,19732,594],{"class":65},[47,19734,128],{"class":61},[47,19736,136],{"class":98},[47,19738,62],{"class":61},[47,19740,4957],{"class":65},[47,19742,128],{"class":61},[47,19744,136],{"class":98},[47,19746,62],{"class":61},[47,19748,9931],{"class":65},[47,19750,128],{"class":61},[47,19752,3828],{"class":98},[47,19754,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19756,9359],{"class":53},[47,19758,58],{"class":57},[47,19760,10683],{"class":98},[47,19762,15035],{"class":53},[47,19764,420],{"class":98},[47,19766,18400],{"class":98},[47,19768,4069],{"class":1461},[47,19770,18405],{"class":53},[47,19772,1468],{"class":1461},[47,19774,18410],{"class":53},[47,19776,9500],{"class":98},[33,19778,2075],{"id":2074},[187,19780,19781,19785,19789,19793,19799],{},[190,19782,19783],{},[594,19784,11436],{"href":13221},[190,19786,19787],{},[594,19788,9349],{"href":13218},[190,19790,19791],{},[594,19792,11445],{"href":18099},[190,19794,19795],{},[594,19796,10930,19797,10934],{"href":14227},[15,19798,15148],{},[190,19800,19801],{},[594,19802,10930,19803,10934],{"href":15193},[15,19804,12971],{},[20,19806,167,19807,19809],{},[15,19808,17419],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2110,19811,19812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":19814},[19815,19816,19818,19822,19823,19825,19830,19832,19839,19848,19849,19856],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":17519,"depth":72,"text":19817},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17563,"depth":72,"text":17564,"children":19819},[19820,19821],{"id":17590,"depth":84,"text":17591},{"id":17614,"depth":84,"text":17615},{"id":5981,"depth":72,"text":5982},{"id":17774,"depth":72,"text":19824},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18103,"depth":72,"text":18104,"children":19826},[19827,19828,19829],{"id":18133,"depth":84,"text":18134},{"id":18296,"depth":84,"text":18297},{"id":18344,"depth":84,"text":18345},{"id":18508,"depth":72,"text":19831},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18666,"depth":72,"text":19833,"children":19834},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19835,19837,19838],{"id":18677,"depth":84,"text":19836},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18742,"depth":84,"text":18743},{"id":18816,"depth":84,"text":18817},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":19840},[19841,19842,19844,19846],{"id":18920,"depth":84,"text":18921},{"id":19103,"depth":84,"text":19843},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19237,"depth":84,"text":19845},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19390,"depth":84,"text":19847},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19481,"depth":72,"text":19482},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":19850},[19851,19853,19854,19855],{"id":19687,"depth":84,"text":19852},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19696,"depth":84,"text":19697},{"id":19705,"depth":84,"text":19706},{"id":19712,"depth":84,"text":19713},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17406,"description":19857},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19864,"title":19865,"body":19866,"description":21696,"extension":2167,"meta":21697,"navigation":87,"path":21698,"seo":21699,"stem":21700,"__hash__":21701},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19867,"toc":21663},[19868,19873,19879,19890,20020,20027,20032,20036,20052,20054,20152,20155,20172,20176,20178,20183,20221,20224,20242,20244,20362,20367,20371,20387,20390,20526,20529,20534,20540,20543,20580,20583,20587,20592,20668,20672,20677,20759,20761,20777,20782,20786,20792,20861,20864,20881,20884,20966,20972,20975,20995,20999,21004,21010,21016,21087,21090,21096,21099,21173,21180,21186,21194,21204,21206,21301,21307,21312,21399,21405,21407,21412,21434,21437,21532,21535,21566,21579,21581,21589,21595,21601,21604,21610,21615,21622,21627,21629,21660],[10,19869,11512,19871,11516],{"id":19870},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19872,10933],{},[20,19874,19875,19876,19878],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19877,10933],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19880,19881,19882,2390,19885,1270,19887,19889],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19883,19884],{},"KeyError",[15,19886,10933],{},[15,19888,285],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[38,19891,19893],{"className":40,"code":19892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19894,19895,19931,19935,19961,19986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,19896,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,19898,13398],{"class":53},[47,19900,58],{"class":57},[47,19902,10683],{"class":98},[47,19904,128],{"class":61},[47,19906,103],{"class":65},[47,19908,128],{"class":61},[47,19910,420],{"class":98},[47,19912,62],{"class":61},[47,19914,13075],{"class":65},[47,19916,128],{"class":61},[47,19918,136],{"class":98},[47,19920,62],{"class":61},[47,19922,116],{"class":65},[47,19924,128],{"class":61},[47,19926,420],{"class":98},[47,19928,9497],{"class":80},[47,19930,9500],{"class":98},[47,19932,19933],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,19934,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,19936,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,19938,95],{"class":94},[47,19940,99],{"class":98},[47,19942,17503],{"class":102},[47,19944,445],{"class":98},[47,19946,19947],{"class":102},"get",[47,19949,99],{"class":98},[47,19951,128],{"class":61},[47,19953,103],{"class":65},[47,19955,128],{"class":61},[47,19957,5556],{"class":98},[47,19959,19960],{"class":3857},"           # Ana\n",[47,19962,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,19964,95],{"class":94},[47,19966,99],{"class":98},[47,19968,17503],{"class":102},[47,19970,445],{"class":98},[47,19972,19947],{"class":102},[47,19974,99],{"class":98},[47,19976,128],{"class":61},[47,19978,10601],{"class":65},[47,19980,128],{"class":61},[47,19982,5556],{"class":98},[47,19984,19985],{"class":3857},"           # None\n",[47,19987,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20013,20015,20017],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,19989,95],{"class":94},[47,19991,99],{"class":98},[47,19993,17503],{"class":102},[47,19995,445],{"class":98},[47,19997,19947],{"class":102},[47,19999,99],{"class":98},[47,20001,128],{"class":61},[47,20003,10601],{"class":65},[47,20005,128],{"class":61},[47,20007,136],{"class":98},[47,20009,62],{"class":61},[47,20011,20012],{"class":65},"N\u002FA",[47,20014,128],{"class":61},[47,20016,5556],{"class":98},[47,20018,20019],{"class":3857},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20021,167,20022,20024,20025,445],{},[15,20023,10933],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20026,19884],{},[33,20028,174,20030,177],{"id":20029},"what-get-does",[15,20031,10933],{},[20,20033,850,20034,11607],{},[15,20035,10933],{},[187,20037,20038,20041,20046,20049],{},[190,20039,20040],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[190,20042,11618,20043,20045],{},[15,20044,285],{}," if the key does not exist",[190,20047,20048],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[190,20050,20051],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20053,204],{},[38,20055,20057],{"className":40,"code":20056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20058,20059,20098,20102,20127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20060,20061,20063,20065,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20080,20082,20084,20086,20089,20091,20093,20096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20062,13058],{"class":53},[47,20064,58],{"class":57},[47,20066,10683],{"class":98},[47,20068,128],{"class":61},[47,20070,103],{"class":65},[47,20072,128],{"class":61},[47,20074,420],{"class":98},[47,20076,62],{"class":61},[47,20078,20079],{"class":65},"Lina",[47,20081,128],{"class":61},[47,20083,136],{"class":98},[47,20085,62],{"class":61},[47,20087,20088],{"class":65},"grade",[47,20090,128],{"class":61},[47,20092,420],{"class":98},[47,20094,20095],{"class":80}," 90",[47,20097,9500],{"class":98},[47,20099,20100],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20101,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,20103,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,20105,95],{"class":94},[47,20107,99],{"class":98},[47,20109,13820],{"class":102},[47,20111,445],{"class":98},[47,20113,19947],{"class":102},[47,20115,99],{"class":98},[47,20117,128],{"class":61},[47,20119,103],{"class":65},[47,20121,128],{"class":61},[47,20123,5556],{"class":98},[47,20125,20126],{"class":3857},"     # Lina\n",[47,20128,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,20130,95],{"class":94},[47,20132,99],{"class":98},[47,20134,13820],{"class":102},[47,20136,445],{"class":98},[47,20138,19947],{"class":102},[47,20140,99],{"class":98},[47,20142,128],{"class":61},[47,20144,15453],{"class":65},[47,20146,128],{"class":61},[47,20148,5556],{"class":98},[47,20150,20151],{"class":3857},"    # None\n",[20,20153,20154],{},"In this example:",[187,20156,20157,20162],{},[190,20158,20159,20161],{},[15,20160,15434],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[190,20163,20164,20167,20168,1270,20170],{},[15,20165,20166],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20169,10933],{},[15,20171,285],{},[20,20173,13215,20174,445],{},[594,20175,9349],{"href":9348},[33,20177,290],{"id":289},[20,20179,20180,20181,420],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20182,10933],{},[38,20184,20186],{"className":40,"code":20185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20187,20188,20202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20189,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20191,15799],{"class":53},[47,20193,445],{"class":98},[47,20195,19947],{"class":102},[47,20197,99],{"class":98},[47,20199,15035],{"class":102},[47,20201,106],{"class":98},[47,20203,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20219],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20205,15799],{"class":53},[47,20207,445],{"class":98},[47,20209,19947],{"class":102},[47,20211,99],{"class":98},[47,20213,15035],{"class":102},[47,20215,136],{"class":98},[47,20217,20218],{"class":102}," default_value",[47,20220,106],{"class":98},[20,20222,20223],{},"What each part means:",[187,20225,20226,20231,20237],{},[190,20227,20228,20230],{},[15,20229,15035],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[190,20232,20233,20236],{},[15,20234,20235],{},"default_value"," is optional",[190,20238,20239,20240],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20241,285],{},[20,20243,204],{},[38,20245,20247],{"className":40,"code":20246,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20248,20249,20273,20277,20302,20328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20250,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269,20271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20252,14020],{"class":53},[47,20254,58],{"class":57},[47,20256,10683],{"class":98},[47,20258,128],{"class":61},[47,20260,12689],{"class":65},[47,20262,128],{"class":61},[47,20264,420],{"class":98},[47,20266,62],{"class":61},[47,20268,12698],{"class":65},[47,20270,128],{"class":61},[47,20272,9500],{"class":98},[47,20274,20275],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20276,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,20278,20279,20281,20283,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,20280,95],{"class":94},[47,20282,99],{"class":98},[47,20284,14079],{"class":102},[47,20286,445],{"class":98},[47,20288,19947],{"class":102},[47,20290,99],{"class":98},[47,20292,128],{"class":61},[47,20294,12689],{"class":65},[47,20296,128],{"class":61},[47,20298,5556],{"class":98},[47,20300,20301],{"class":3857},"            # dark\n",[47,20303,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20321,20323,20325],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,20305,95],{"class":94},[47,20307,99],{"class":98},[47,20309,14079],{"class":102},[47,20311,445],{"class":98},[47,20313,19947],{"class":102},[47,20315,99],{"class":98},[47,20317,128],{"class":61},[47,20319,20320],{"class":65},"language",[47,20322,128],{"class":61},[47,20324,5556],{"class":98},[47,20326,20327],{"class":3857},"         # None\n",[47,20329,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20355,20357,20359],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,20331,95],{"class":94},[47,20333,99],{"class":98},[47,20335,14079],{"class":102},[47,20337,445],{"class":98},[47,20339,19947],{"class":102},[47,20341,99],{"class":98},[47,20343,128],{"class":61},[47,20345,20320],{"class":65},[47,20347,128],{"class":61},[47,20349,136],{"class":98},[47,20351,62],{"class":61},[47,20353,20354],{"class":65},"en",[47,20356,128],{"class":61},[47,20358,5556],{"class":98},[47,20360,20361],{"class":3857},"   # en\n",[33,20363,5158,20365],{"id":20364},"when-to-use-get",[15,20366,10933],{},[20,20368,167,20369,10794],{},[15,20370,10933],{},[187,20372,20373,20376,20381,20384],{},[190,20374,20375],{},"A key might not exist",[190,20377,20378,20379],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20380,19884],{},[190,20382,20383],{},"You are reading optional data",[190,20385,20386],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20388,20389],{},"Example with optional user data:",[38,20391,20393],{"className":40,"code":20392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20394,20395,20437,20441,20466,20492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20396,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20416,20418,20420,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20433,20435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20398,11683],{"class":53},[47,20400,58],{"class":57},[47,20402,10683],{"class":98},[47,20404,128],{"class":61},[47,20406,8180],{"class":65},[47,20408,128],{"class":61},[47,20410,420],{"class":98},[47,20412,62],{"class":61},[47,20414,20415],{"class":65},"sam",[47,20417,128],{"class":61},[47,20419,136],{"class":98},[47,20421,62],{"class":61},[47,20423,15453],{"class":65},[47,20425,128],{"class":61},[47,20427,420],{"class":98},[47,20429,62],{"class":61},[47,20431,20432],{"class":65},"sam@example.com",[47,20434,128],{"class":61},[47,20436,9500],{"class":98},[47,20438,20439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20440,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,20442,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,20444,95],{"class":94},[47,20446,99],{"class":98},[47,20448,11777],{"class":102},[47,20450,445],{"class":98},[47,20452,19947],{"class":102},[47,20454,99],{"class":98},[47,20456,128],{"class":61},[47,20458,8180],{"class":65},[47,20460,128],{"class":61},[47,20462,5556],{"class":98},[47,20464,20465],{"class":3857},"              # sam\n",[47,20467,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20485,20487,20489],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,20469,95],{"class":94},[47,20471,99],{"class":98},[47,20473,11777],{"class":102},[47,20475,445],{"class":98},[47,20477,19947],{"class":102},[47,20479,99],{"class":98},[47,20481,128],{"class":61},[47,20483,20484],{"class":65},"phone",[47,20486,128],{"class":61},[47,20488,5556],{"class":98},[47,20490,20491],{"class":3857},"                 # None\n",[47,20493,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20519,20521,20523],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,20495,95],{"class":94},[47,20497,99],{"class":98},[47,20499,11777],{"class":102},[47,20501,445],{"class":98},[47,20503,19947],{"class":102},[47,20505,99],{"class":98},[47,20507,128],{"class":61},[47,20509,20484],{"class":65},[47,20511,128],{"class":61},[47,20513,136],{"class":98},[47,20515,62],{"class":61},[47,20517,20518],{"class":65},"Not provided",[47,20520,128],{"class":61},[47,20522,5556],{"class":98},[47,20524,20525],{"class":3857}," # Not provided\n",[20,20527,20528],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20530,20531,20532,445],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[594,20533,16793],{"href":16792},[33,20535,20537,20539],{"id":20536},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20538,10933],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20541,20542],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[38,20544,20546],{"className":40,"code":20545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20547,20548,20562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20549,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20551,9396],{"class":53},[47,20553,4092],{"class":98},[47,20555,128],{"class":61},[47,20557,15035],{"class":65},[47,20559,128],{"class":61},[47,20561,3828],{"class":98},[47,20563,20564,20566,20568,20570,20572,20574,20576,20578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20565,9396],{"class":53},[47,20567,445],{"class":98},[47,20569,19947],{"class":102},[47,20571,99],{"class":98},[47,20573,128],{"class":61},[47,20575,15035],{"class":65},[47,20577,128],{"class":61},[47,20579,106],{"class":98},[20,20581,20582],{},"The difference is important.",[447,20584,20586],{"id":20585},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20588,20589,20590,445],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20591,19884],{},[38,20593,20595],{"className":40,"code":20594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20596,20597,20621,20625,20647],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20598,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20600,9359],{"class":53},[47,20602,58],{"class":57},[47,20604,10683],{"class":98},[47,20606,128],{"class":61},[47,20608,103],{"class":65},[47,20610,128],{"class":61},[47,20612,420],{"class":98},[47,20614,62],{"class":61},[47,20616,13075],{"class":65},[47,20618,128],{"class":61},[47,20620,9500],{"class":98},[47,20622,20623],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20624,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,20626,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20644],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,20628,95],{"class":94},[47,20630,99],{"class":98},[47,20632,9396],{"class":102},[47,20634,4092],{"class":98},[47,20636,128],{"class":61},[47,20638,103],{"class":65},[47,20640,128],{"class":61},[47,20642,20643],{"class":98},"])",[47,20645,20646],{"class":3857},"   # Ana\n",[47,20648,20649,20651,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,20650,95],{"class":94},[47,20652,99],{"class":98},[47,20654,9396],{"class":102},[47,20656,4092],{"class":98},[47,20658,128],{"class":61},[47,20660,10601],{"class":65},[47,20662,128],{"class":61},[47,20664,20643],{"class":98},[47,20666,20667],{"class":3857},"   # KeyError\n",[447,20669,20670],{"id":19947},[15,20671,10933],{},[20,20673,20674,20676],{},[15,20675,10933],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[38,20678,20680],{"className":40,"code":20679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20681,20682,20706,20710,20734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20683,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20685,9359],{"class":53},[47,20687,58],{"class":57},[47,20689,10683],{"class":98},[47,20691,128],{"class":61},[47,20693,103],{"class":65},[47,20695,128],{"class":61},[47,20697,420],{"class":98},[47,20699,62],{"class":61},[47,20701,13075],{"class":65},[47,20703,128],{"class":61},[47,20705,9500],{"class":98},[47,20707,20708],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20709,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,20711,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,20713,95],{"class":94},[47,20715,99],{"class":98},[47,20717,9396],{"class":102},[47,20719,445],{"class":98},[47,20721,19947],{"class":102},[47,20723,99],{"class":98},[47,20725,128],{"class":61},[47,20727,103],{"class":65},[47,20729,128],{"class":61},[47,20731,5556],{"class":98},[47,20733,20646],{"class":3857},[47,20735,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,20737,95],{"class":94},[47,20739,99],{"class":98},[47,20741,9396],{"class":102},[47,20743,445],{"class":98},[47,20745,19947],{"class":102},[47,20747,99],{"class":98},[47,20749,128],{"class":61},[47,20751,10601],{"class":65},[47,20753,128],{"class":61},[47,20755,5556],{"class":98},[47,20757,20758],{"class":3857},"   # None\n",[20,20760,18891],{},[187,20762,20763,20769],{},[190,20764,20765,20766],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[280,20767,20768],{},"must exist",[190,20770,20771,20773,20774],{},[15,20772,10933],{}," when the key is ",[280,20775,20776],{},"optional",[20,20778,20779,20780,445],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[594,20781,11456],{"href":11267},[33,20783,20785],{"id":20784},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20787,20788,20789,20791],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20790,10933],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[38,20793,20795],{"className":40,"code":20794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20796,20797,20822,20826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20798,20799,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816,20818,20820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20800,20801],{"class":53},"profile ",[47,20803,58],{"class":57},[47,20805,10683],{"class":98},[47,20807,128],{"class":61},[47,20809,103],{"class":65},[47,20811,128],{"class":61},[47,20813,420],{"class":98},[47,20815,62],{"class":61},[47,20817,66],{"class":65},[47,20819,128],{"class":61},[47,20821,9500],{"class":98},[47,20823,20824],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20825,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,20827,20828,20830,20832,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20854,20856,20858],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,20829,95],{"class":94},[47,20831,99],{"class":98},[47,20833,20834],{"class":102},"profile",[47,20836,445],{"class":98},[47,20838,19947],{"class":102},[47,20840,99],{"class":98},[47,20842,128],{"class":61},[47,20844,15456],{"class":65},[47,20846,128],{"class":61},[47,20848,136],{"class":98},[47,20850,62],{"class":61},[47,20852,20853],{"class":65},"Unknown",[47,20855,128],{"class":61},[47,20857,5556],{"class":98},[47,20859,20860],{"class":3857},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20862,20863],{},"This is useful for display text:",[187,20865,20866,20871,20876],{},[190,20867,20868],{},[15,20869,20870],{},"\"Unknown\"",[190,20872,20873],{},[15,20874,20875],{},"\"Not set\"",[190,20877,20878],{},[15,20879,20880],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20882,20883],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[38,20885,20887],{"className":40,"code":20886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20888,20889,20921,20925,20952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,20890,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,20892,5261],{"class":53},[47,20894,58],{"class":57},[47,20896,10683],{"class":98},[47,20898,128],{"class":61},[47,20900,18613],{"class":65},[47,20902,128],{"class":61},[47,20904,420],{"class":98},[47,20906,373],{"class":80},[47,20908,136],{"class":98},[47,20910,62],{"class":61},[47,20912,18622],{"class":65},[47,20914,128],{"class":61},[47,20916,420],{"class":98},[47,20918,6553],{"class":80},[47,20920,9500],{"class":98},[47,20922,20923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,20924,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,20926,20927,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948,20950],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,20928,20929],{"class":53},"total_history ",[47,20931,58],{"class":57},[47,20933,5307],{"class":53},[47,20935,445],{"class":98},[47,20937,19947],{"class":102},[47,20939,99],{"class":98},[47,20941,128],{"class":61},[47,20943,18631],{"class":65},[47,20945,128],{"class":61},[47,20947,136],{"class":98},[47,20949,4026],{"class":80},[47,20951,106],{"class":98},[47,20953,20954,20956,20958,20961,20963],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,20955,95],{"class":94},[47,20957,99],{"class":98},[47,20959,20960],{"class":102},"total_history",[47,20962,3854],{"class":98},[47,20964,20965],{"class":3857},"   # 0\n",[20,20967,20968,20969,20971],{},"Here, ",[15,20970,2321],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20973,20974],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[187,20976,20977,20980,20985,20990],{},[190,20978,20979],{},"Use a string for text",[190,20981,167,20982,20984],{},[15,20983,2321],{}," for numbers",[190,20986,167,20987,20989],{},[15,20988,3979],{}," for lists if needed",[190,20991,167,20992,20994],{},[15,20993,3984],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[33,20996,20998],{"id":20997},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21000,21001,21002,445],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21003,10933],{},[447,21005,21007,21009],{"id":21006},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21008,10933],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21011,21012,21013,21015],{},"This code does ",[280,21014,4826],{}," create a new key:",[38,21017,21019],{"className":40,"code":21018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21020,21021,21045,21049,21074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21022,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21024,13398],{"class":53},[47,21026,58],{"class":57},[47,21028,10683],{"class":98},[47,21030,128],{"class":61},[47,21032,103],{"class":65},[47,21034,128],{"class":61},[47,21036,420],{"class":98},[47,21038,62],{"class":61},[47,21040,13075],{"class":65},[47,21042,128],{"class":61},[47,21044,9500],{"class":98},[47,21046,21047],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21048,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,21050,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067,21069,21071],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,21052,95],{"class":94},[47,21054,99],{"class":98},[47,21056,17503],{"class":102},[47,21058,445],{"class":98},[47,21060,19947],{"class":102},[47,21062,99],{"class":98},[47,21064,128],{"class":61},[47,21066,10601],{"class":65},[47,21068,128],{"class":61},[47,21070,5556],{"class":98},[47,21072,21073],{"class":3857},"  # None\n",[47,21075,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,21077,95],{"class":94},[47,21079,99],{"class":98},[47,21081,17503],{"class":102},[47,21083,3854],{"class":98},[47,21085,21086],{"class":3857},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21088,21089],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[447,21091,21093,21095],{"id":21092},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21094,10933],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21097,21098],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[38,21100,21102],{"className":40,"code":21101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21103,21104,21130,21134,21160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21105,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114,21117,21119,21121,21123,21126,21128],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21107,14020],{"class":53},[47,21109,58],{"class":57},[47,21111,10683],{"class":98},[47,21113,128],{"class":61},[47,21115,21116],{"class":65},"mode",[47,21118,128],{"class":61},[47,21120,420],{"class":98},[47,21122,62],{"class":61},[47,21124,21125],{"class":65},"light",[47,21127,128],{"class":61},[47,21129,9500],{"class":98},[47,21131,21132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21133,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,21135,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,21137,14079],{"class":53},[47,21139,445],{"class":98},[47,21141,19947],{"class":102},[47,21143,99],{"class":98},[47,21145,128],{"class":61},[47,21147,12689],{"class":65},[47,21149,128],{"class":61},[47,21151,136],{"class":98},[47,21153,62],{"class":61},[47,21155,12698],{"class":65},[47,21157,128],{"class":61},[47,21159,106],{"class":98},[47,21161,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,21163,95],{"class":94},[47,21165,99],{"class":98},[47,21167,14079],{"class":102},[47,21169,3854],{"class":98},[47,21171,21172],{"class":3857},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21174,21175,21176,21179],{},"Even though ",[15,21177,21178],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[447,21181,21183,21184],{"id":21182},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21185,285],{},[20,21187,21188,21189,1270,21191,21193],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21190,10933],{},[15,21192,285],{}," because:",[187,21195,21196,21199],{},[190,21197,21198],{},"The key is missing, or",[190,21200,21201,21202],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21203,285],{},[20,21205,204],{},[38,21207,21209],{"className":40,"code":21208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21210,21211,21248,21252,21276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21212,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233,21235,21237,21240,21242,21244,21246],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21214,9359],{"class":53},[47,21216,58],{"class":57},[47,21218,10683],{"class":98},[47,21220,128],{"class":61},[47,21222,103],{"class":65},[47,21224,128],{"class":61},[47,21226,420],{"class":98},[47,21228,62],{"class":61},[47,21230,13075],{"class":65},[47,21232,128],{"class":61},[47,21234,136],{"class":98},[47,21236,62],{"class":61},[47,21238,21239],{"class":65},"nickname",[47,21241,128],{"class":61},[47,21243,420],{"class":98},[47,21245,4045],{"class":1334},[47,21247,9500],{"class":98},[47,21249,21250],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21251,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,21253,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270,21272,21274],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,21255,95],{"class":94},[47,21257,99],{"class":98},[47,21259,9396],{"class":102},[47,21261,445],{"class":98},[47,21263,19947],{"class":102},[47,21265,99],{"class":98},[47,21267,128],{"class":61},[47,21269,21239],{"class":65},[47,21271,128],{"class":61},[47,21273,5556],{"class":98},[47,21275,21073],{"class":3857},[47,21277,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,21279,95],{"class":94},[47,21281,99],{"class":98},[47,21283,9396],{"class":102},[47,21285,445],{"class":98},[47,21287,19947],{"class":102},[47,21289,99],{"class":98},[47,21291,128],{"class":61},[47,21293,10601],{"class":65},[47,21295,128],{"class":61},[47,21297,5556],{"class":98},[47,21299,21300],{"class":3857},"      # None\n",[20,21302,21303,21304,21306],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21305,285],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21308,21309,21310,420],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21311,1468],{},[38,21313,21315],{"className":40,"code":21314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21316,21317,21353,21357,21378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21318,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343,21345,21347,21349,21351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21320,9359],{"class":53},[47,21322,58],{"class":57},[47,21324,10683],{"class":98},[47,21326,128],{"class":61},[47,21328,103],{"class":65},[47,21330,128],{"class":61},[47,21332,420],{"class":98},[47,21334,62],{"class":61},[47,21336,13075],{"class":65},[47,21338,128],{"class":61},[47,21340,136],{"class":98},[47,21342,62],{"class":61},[47,21344,21239],{"class":65},[47,21346,128],{"class":61},[47,21348,420],{"class":98},[47,21350,4045],{"class":1334},[47,21352,9500],{"class":98},[47,21354,21355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21356,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,21358,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21372,21374,21376],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,21360,95],{"class":94},[47,21362,99],{"class":98},[47,21364,128],{"class":61},[47,21366,21239],{"class":65},[47,21368,128],{"class":61},[47,21370,21371],{"class":1461}," in",[47,21373,14760],{"class":102},[47,21375,3854],{"class":98},[47,21377,3858],{"class":3857},[47,21379,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,21381,95],{"class":94},[47,21383,99],{"class":98},[47,21385,128],{"class":61},[47,21387,10601],{"class":65},[47,21389,128],{"class":61},[47,21391,21371],{"class":1461},[47,21393,14760],{"class":102},[47,21395,3854],{"class":98},[47,21397,21398],{"class":3857},"      # False\n",[20,21400,21401,21402,445],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[594,21403,21404],{"href":17349},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,21406,1595],{"id":1594},[20,21408,21409,21410,420],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21411,10933],{},[187,21413,21414,21419,21426,21431],{},[190,21415,21416,21417],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21418,19884],{},[190,21420,4900,21421,1270,21423,21425],{},[15,21422,10933],{},[15,21424,285],{}," if no default is provided",[190,21427,4774,21428,21430],{},[15,21429,10933],{}," creates a key automatically",[190,21432,21433],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21435,21436],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[38,21438,21440],{"className":40,"code":21439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21441,21442,21452,21466,21484,21506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21443,21444,21446,21448,21450],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21445,95],{"class":94},[47,21447,99],{"class":98},[47,21449,11644],{"class":102},[47,21451,106],{"class":98},[47,21453,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21455,95],{"class":94},[47,21457,99],{"class":98},[47,21459,11644],{"class":102},[47,21461,445],{"class":98},[47,21463,17119],{"class":102},[47,21465,7389],{"class":98},[47,21467,21468,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,21469,95],{"class":94},[47,21471,99],{"class":98},[47,21473,3493],{"class":61},[47,21475,103],{"class":65},[47,21477,3493],{"class":61},[47,21479,21371],{"class":1461},[47,21481,11962],{"class":102},[47,21483,106],{"class":98},[47,21485,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500,21502,21504],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,21487,95],{"class":94},[47,21489,99],{"class":98},[47,21491,11644],{"class":102},[47,21493,445],{"class":98},[47,21495,19947],{"class":102},[47,21497,99],{"class":98},[47,21499,3493],{"class":61},[47,21501,103],{"class":65},[47,21503,3493],{"class":61},[47,21505,1796],{"class":98},[47,21507,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,21509,95],{"class":94},[47,21511,99],{"class":98},[47,21513,1922],{"class":1788},[47,21515,99],{"class":98},[47,21517,11644],{"class":102},[47,21519,445],{"class":98},[47,21521,19947],{"class":102},[47,21523,99],{"class":98},[47,21525,3493],{"class":61},[47,21527,103],{"class":65},[47,21529,3493],{"class":61},[47,21531,3106],{"class":98},[20,21533,21534],{},"What these checks tell you:",[187,21536,21537,21542,21548,21554,21560],{},[190,21538,21539,21541],{},[15,21540,12874],{}," shows the full dictionary",[190,21543,21544,21547],{},[15,21545,21546],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[190,21549,21550,21553],{},[15,21551,21552],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[190,21555,21556,21559],{},[15,21557,21558],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[190,21561,21562,21565],{},[15,21563,21564],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21567,21568,21569,839,21574,21578],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[594,21570,21571,21572,10934],{"href":17258},"the dictionary ",[15,21573,17261],{},[594,21575,21571,21576,10934],{"href":17271},[15,21577,17274],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[33,21580,1969],{"id":1968},[447,21582,1973,21584,21586,21587,2009],{"id":21583},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21585,10933],{}," raise ",[15,21588,19884],{},[20,21590,21591,21592,21594],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21593,285],{}," or the default value you provide.",[447,21596,1973,21598,21600],{"id":21597},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21599,10933],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21602,21603],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[447,21605,21607,21608,2009],{"id":21606},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21609,10933],{},[20,21611,21612,21614],{},[15,21613,285],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[447,21616,21618,21619,21621],{"id":21617},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21620,10933],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21623,167,21624,21626],{},[15,21625,10933],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[33,21628,2075],{"id":2074},[187,21630,21631,21635,21641,21647,21651,21656],{},[190,21632,21633],{},[594,21634,9349],{"href":9348},[190,21636,21637],{},[594,21638,10930,21639,10934],{"href":17258},[15,21640,17261],{},[190,21642,21643],{},[594,21644,10930,21645,10934],{"href":17271},[15,21646,17274],{},[190,21648,21649],{},[594,21650,17350],{"href":17349},[190,21652,21653],{},[594,21654,21655],{"href":16792},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[190,21657,21658],{},[594,21659,11456],{"href":11267},[2110,21661,21662],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":21664},[21665,21667,21668,21670,21675,21676,21684,21685,21695],{"id":20029,"depth":72,"text":21666},"What get() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":20364,"depth":72,"text":21669},"When to use get()",{"id":20536,"depth":72,"text":21671,"children":21672},"get() vs square brackets",[21673,21674],{"id":20585,"depth":84,"text":20586},{"id":19947,"depth":84,"text":10933},{"id":20784,"depth":72,"text":20785},{"id":20997,"depth":72,"text":20998,"children":21677},[21678,21680,21682],{"id":21006,"depth":84,"text":21679},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21092,"depth":84,"text":21681},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21182,"depth":84,"text":21683},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":21686},[21687,21689,21691,21693],{"id":21583,"depth":84,"text":21688},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21597,"depth":84,"text":21690},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21606,"depth":84,"text":21692},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21617,"depth":84,"text":21694},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19865,"description":21696},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21703,"title":21704,"body":21705,"description":24261,"extension":2167,"meta":24262,"navigation":87,"path":24263,"seo":24264,"stem":24265,"__hash__":24266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21706,"toc":24227},[21707,21712,21718,21724,21726,21808,21812,21828,21833,21838,21843,21845,21859,21861,21924,21928,21968,21976,21978,21980,21995,21998,22011,22013,22092,22096,22162,22164,22168,22176,22178,22189,22191,22301,22305,22384,22390,22396,22401,22514,22518,22550,22553,22660,22666,22673,22677,22680,22783,22787,22848,22851,22854,22865,22874,22877,22894,22896,22995,22999,23074,23077,23100,23105,23110,23127,23129,23250,23254,23288,23290,23295,23302,23312,23314,23392,23395,23466,23476,23479,23511,23514,23553,23559,23566,23569,23660,23664,23745,23751,23754,23757,23862,23865,23868,23990,23994,23997,24064,24068,24105,24111,24113,24119,24124,24130,24137,24143,24146,24185,24191,24194,24196,24224],[10,21708,11512,21710,11516],{"id":21709},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21711,17274],{},[20,21713,850,21714,21717],{},[15,21715,21716],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21719,21720,21721,21723],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21722,17274],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[33,21725,36],{"id":35},[38,21727,21729],{"className":40,"code":21728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21730,21731,21767,21771,21794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21732,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21734,13398],{"class":53},[47,21736,58],{"class":57},[47,21738,10683],{"class":98},[47,21740,128],{"class":61},[47,21742,103],{"class":65},[47,21744,128],{"class":61},[47,21746,420],{"class":98},[47,21748,62],{"class":61},[47,21750,13075],{"class":65},[47,21752,128],{"class":61},[47,21754,136],{"class":98},[47,21756,62],{"class":61},[47,21758,116],{"class":65},[47,21760,128],{"class":61},[47,21762,420],{"class":98},[47,21764,9497],{"class":80},[47,21766,9500],{"class":98},[47,21768,21769],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21770,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,21772,21773,21775,21778,21780,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,21774,1462],{"class":1461},[47,21776,21777],{"class":53}," key",[47,21779,136],{"class":98},[47,21781,21782],{"class":53}," value ",[47,21784,1468],{"class":1461},[47,21786,13441],{"class":53},[47,21788,445],{"class":98},[47,21790,8006],{"class":102},[47,21792,21793],{"class":98},"():\n",[47,21795,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,21797,1499],{"class":94},[47,21799,99],{"class":98},[47,21801,15035],{"class":102},[47,21803,136],{"class":98},[47,21805,8626],{"class":102},[47,21807,106],{"class":98},[20,21809,21810],{},[280,21811,144],{},[38,21813,21815],{"className":40,"code":21814,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21816,21817,21822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21818,21819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21820,21821],{"class":53},"name Ana\n",[47,21823,21824,21826],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21825,75],{"class":53},[47,21827,2903],{"class":80},[20,21829,167,21830,21832],{},[15,21831,17274],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[33,21834,174,21836,177],{"id":21835},"what-items-does",[15,21837,17274],{},[20,21839,21840,21842],{},[15,21841,17274],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21844,11653],{},[187,21846,21847,21853,21856],{},[190,21848,21849,21850],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21851,21852],{},"(key, value)",[190,21854,21855],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[190,21857,21858],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21860,204],{},[38,21862,21864],{"className":40,"code":21863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21865,21866,21902,21906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21867,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21869,13398],{"class":53},[47,21871,58],{"class":57},[47,21873,10683],{"class":98},[47,21875,128],{"class":61},[47,21877,103],{"class":65},[47,21879,128],{"class":61},[47,21881,420],{"class":98},[47,21883,62],{"class":61},[47,21885,13075],{"class":65},[47,21887,128],{"class":61},[47,21889,136],{"class":98},[47,21891,62],{"class":61},[47,21893,116],{"class":65},[47,21895,128],{"class":61},[47,21897,420],{"class":98},[47,21899,9497],{"class":80},[47,21901,9500],{"class":98},[47,21903,21904],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,21905,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,21907,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,21909,95],{"class":94},[47,21911,99],{"class":98},[47,21913,8288],{"class":1788},[47,21915,99],{"class":98},[47,21917,17503],{"class":102},[47,21919,445],{"class":98},[47,21921,8006],{"class":102},[47,21923,6483],{"class":98},[20,21925,21926],{},[280,21927,144],{},[38,21929,21931],{"className":40,"code":21930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21932,21933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21934,21935,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21936,21937],{"class":98},"[(",[47,21939,3493],{"class":61},[47,21941,103],{"class":65},[47,21943,3493],{"class":61},[47,21945,136],{"class":98},[47,21947,3488],{"class":61},[47,21949,13075],{"class":65},[47,21951,3493],{"class":61},[47,21953,9425],{"class":98},[47,21955,9428],{"class":98},[47,21957,3493],{"class":61},[47,21959,116],{"class":65},[47,21961,3493],{"class":61},[47,21963,136],{"class":98},[47,21965,9497],{"class":80},[47,21967,9441],{"class":98},[20,21969,21970,21971,3072,21973,445],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[594,21972,9349],{"href":13218},[594,21974,15219],{"href":21975},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[33,21977,290],{"id":289},[20,21979,5629],{},[38,21981,21983],{"className":40,"code":21982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21984,21985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,21986,21987,21989,21991,21993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,21988,11644],{"class":53},[47,21990,445],{"class":98},[47,21992,8006],{"class":102},[47,21994,8836],{"class":98},[20,21996,21997],{},"Things to remember:",[187,21999,22000,22005,22008],{},[190,22001,22002,22004],{},[15,22003,17274],{}," does not take any arguments",[190,22006,22007],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[190,22009,22010],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22012,204],{},[38,22014,22016],{"className":40,"code":22015,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22017,22018,22050,22054,22068,22072,22082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22019,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22021,5261],{"class":53},[47,22023,58],{"class":57},[47,22025,10683],{"class":98},[47,22027,128],{"class":61},[47,22029,5201],{"class":65},[47,22031,128],{"class":61},[47,22033,420],{"class":98},[47,22035,20095],{"class":80},[47,22037,136],{"class":98},[47,22039,62],{"class":61},[47,22041,5210],{"class":65},[47,22043,128],{"class":61},[47,22045,420],{"class":98},[47,22047,13701],{"class":80},[47,22049,9500],{"class":98},[47,22051,22052],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22053,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22055,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,22057,1290],{"class":53},[47,22059,58],{"class":57},[47,22061,5307],{"class":53},[47,22063,445],{"class":98},[47,22065,8006],{"class":102},[47,22067,8836],{"class":98},[47,22069,22070],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,22071,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22073,22074,22076,22078,22080],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22075,95],{"class":94},[47,22077,99],{"class":98},[47,22079,1315],{"class":102},[47,22081,106],{"class":98},[47,22083,22084,22086,22088,22090],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,22085,95],{"class":94},[47,22087,99],{"class":98},[47,22089,16584],{"class":102},[47,22091,106],{"class":98},[20,22093,22094],{},[280,22095,144],{},[38,22097,22099],{"className":40,"code":22098,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22100,22101,22134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22102,22103,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22104,22105],{"class":102},"dict_items",[47,22107,9849],{"class":98},[47,22109,3493],{"class":61},[47,22111,5201],{"class":65},[47,22113,3493],{"class":61},[47,22115,136],{"class":98},[47,22117,20095],{"class":80},[47,22119,9425],{"class":98},[47,22121,9428],{"class":98},[47,22123,3493],{"class":61},[47,22125,5210],{"class":65},[47,22127,3493],{"class":61},[47,22129,136],{"class":98},[47,22131,13701],{"class":80},[47,22133,10872],{"class":98},[47,22135,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22137,9470],{"class":98},[47,22139,3493],{"class":61},[47,22141,5201],{"class":65},[47,22143,3493],{"class":61},[47,22145,420],{"class":98},[47,22147,20095],{"class":80},[47,22149,136],{"class":98},[47,22151,3488],{"class":61},[47,22153,5210],{"class":65},[47,22155,3493],{"class":61},[47,22157,420],{"class":98},[47,22159,13701],{"class":80},[47,22161,9500],{"class":98},[20,22163,21089],{},[33,22165,22167],{"id":22166},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22169,22170,22172,22173,22175],{},[15,22171,17274],{}," returns a ",[15,22174,22105],{}," view object.",[20,22177,2308],{},[187,22179,22180,22183,22186],{},[190,22181,22182],{},"You can loop over it",[190,22184,22185],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[190,22187,22188],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22190,204],{},[38,22192,22194],{"className":40,"code":22193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22195,22196,22228,22242,22246,22260,22264,22283,22287],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22197,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22199,9359],{"class":53},[47,22201,58],{"class":57},[47,22203,10683],{"class":98},[47,22205,128],{"class":61},[47,22207,2374],{"class":65},[47,22209,128],{"class":61},[47,22211,420],{"class":98},[47,22213,1545],{"class":80},[47,22215,136],{"class":98},[47,22217,62],{"class":61},[47,22219,11941],{"class":65},[47,22221,128],{"class":61},[47,22223,420],{"class":98},[47,22225,1562],{"class":80},[47,22227,9500],{"class":98},[47,22229,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22231,9407],{"class":53},[47,22233,58],{"class":57},[47,22235,14760],{"class":53},[47,22237,445],{"class":98},[47,22239,8006],{"class":102},[47,22241,8836],{"class":98},[47,22243,22244],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,22245,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22247,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,22249,95],{"class":94},[47,22251,99],{"class":98},[47,22253,8288],{"class":1788},[47,22255,99],{"class":98},[47,22257,9454],{"class":102},[47,22259,1796],{"class":98},[47,22261,22262],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22263,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22265,22266,22268,22270,22272,22275,22277,22279,22281],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,22267,9396],{"class":53},[47,22269,4092],{"class":98},[47,22271,128],{"class":61},[47,22273,22274],{"class":65},"z",[47,22276,128],{"class":61},[47,22278,13467],{"class":98},[47,22280,13470],{"class":57},[47,22282,1569],{"class":80},[47,22284,22285],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,22286,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22288,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,22290,95],{"class":94},[47,22292,99],{"class":98},[47,22294,8288],{"class":1788},[47,22296,99],{"class":98},[47,22298,9454],{"class":102},[47,22300,1796],{"class":98},[20,22302,22303],{},[280,22304,144],{},[38,22306,22308],{"className":40,"code":22307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22309,22310,22340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22311,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22313,21937],{"class":98},[47,22315,3493],{"class":61},[47,22317,2374],{"class":65},[47,22319,3493],{"class":61},[47,22321,136],{"class":98},[47,22323,1545],{"class":80},[47,22325,9425],{"class":98},[47,22327,9428],{"class":98},[47,22329,3493],{"class":61},[47,22331,11941],{"class":65},[47,22333,3493],{"class":61},[47,22335,136],{"class":98},[47,22337,1562],{"class":80},[47,22339,9441],{"class":98},[47,22341,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22343,21937],{"class":98},[47,22345,3493],{"class":61},[47,22347,2374],{"class":65},[47,22349,3493],{"class":61},[47,22351,136],{"class":98},[47,22353,1545],{"class":80},[47,22355,9425],{"class":98},[47,22357,9428],{"class":98},[47,22359,3493],{"class":61},[47,22361,11941],{"class":65},[47,22363,3493],{"class":61},[47,22365,136],{"class":98},[47,22367,1562],{"class":80},[47,22369,9425],{"class":98},[47,22371,9428],{"class":98},[47,22373,3493],{"class":61},[47,22375,22274],{"class":65},[47,22377,3493],{"class":61},[47,22379,136],{"class":98},[47,22381,249],{"class":80},[47,22383,9441],{"class":98},[20,22385,22386,22387,22389],{},"This happens because ",[15,22388,9454],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[33,22391,22393,22394],{"id":22392},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22395,17274],{},[20,22397,22398,22399,420],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22400,17274],{},[38,22402,22404],{"className":40,"code":22403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22405,22406,22459,22463,22483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22407,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22409,13058],{"class":53},[47,22411,58],{"class":57},[47,22413,10683],{"class":98},[47,22415,128],{"class":61},[47,22417,103],{"class":65},[47,22419,128],{"class":61},[47,22421,420],{"class":98},[47,22423,62],{"class":61},[47,22425,66],{"class":65},[47,22427,128],{"class":61},[47,22429,136],{"class":98},[47,22431,62],{"class":61},[47,22433,20088],{"class":65},[47,22435,128],{"class":61},[47,22437,420],{"class":98},[47,22439,62],{"class":61},[47,22441,22442],{"class":65},"A",[47,22444,128],{"class":61},[47,22446,136],{"class":98},[47,22448,62],{"class":61},[47,22450,116],{"class":65},[47,22452,128],{"class":61},[47,22454,420],{"class":98},[47,22456,14052],{"class":80},[47,22458,9500],{"class":98},[47,22460,22461],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22462,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22464,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,22466,1462],{"class":1461},[47,22468,21777],{"class":53},[47,22470,136],{"class":98},[47,22472,21782],{"class":53},[47,22474,1468],{"class":1461},[47,22476,13101],{"class":53},[47,22478,445],{"class":98},[47,22480,8006],{"class":102},[47,22482,21793],{"class":98},[47,22484,22485,22487,22489,22492,22494,22496,22498,22501,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,22486,1499],{"class":94},[47,22488,99],{"class":98},[47,22490,22491],{"class":2266},"f",[47,22493,128],{"class":65},[47,22495,9470],{"class":80},[47,22497,15035],{"class":102},[47,22499,22500],{"class":80},"}",[47,22502,22503],{"class":65},": ",[47,22505,9470],{"class":80},[47,22507,2668],{"class":102},[47,22509,22500],{"class":80},[47,22511,128],{"class":65},[47,22513,106],{"class":98},[20,22515,22516],{},[280,22517,144],{},[38,22519,22521],{"className":40,"code":22520,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22522,22523,22532,22541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22524,22525,22527,22529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22526,103],{"class":53},[47,22528,420],{"class":98},[47,22530,22531],{"class":53}," Mia\n",[47,22533,22534,22536,22538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22535,20088],{"class":53},[47,22537,420],{"class":98},[47,22539,22540],{"class":53}," A\n",[47,22542,22543,22545,22547],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,22544,116],{"class":53},[47,22546,420],{"class":98},[47,22548,22549],{"class":80}," 14\n",[20,22551,22552],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[38,22554,22556],{"className":40,"code":22555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22557,22558,22610,22614,22626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22559,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22561,13058],{"class":53},[47,22563,58],{"class":57},[47,22565,10683],{"class":98},[47,22567,128],{"class":61},[47,22569,103],{"class":65},[47,22571,128],{"class":61},[47,22573,420],{"class":98},[47,22575,62],{"class":61},[47,22577,66],{"class":65},[47,22579,128],{"class":61},[47,22581,136],{"class":98},[47,22583,62],{"class":61},[47,22585,20088],{"class":65},[47,22587,128],{"class":61},[47,22589,420],{"class":98},[47,22591,62],{"class":61},[47,22593,22442],{"class":65},[47,22595,128],{"class":61},[47,22597,136],{"class":98},[47,22599,62],{"class":61},[47,22601,116],{"class":65},[47,22603,128],{"class":61},[47,22605,420],{"class":98},[47,22607,14052],{"class":80},[47,22609,9500],{"class":98},[47,22611,22612],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22613,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22615,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,22617,1462],{"class":1461},[47,22619,18405],{"class":53},[47,22621,1468],{"class":1461},[47,22623,13101],{"class":53},[47,22625,6586],{"class":98},[47,22627,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,22629,1499],{"class":94},[47,22631,99],{"class":98},[47,22633,22491],{"class":2266},[47,22635,128],{"class":65},[47,22637,9470],{"class":80},[47,22639,15035],{"class":102},[47,22641,22500],{"class":80},[47,22643,22503],{"class":65},[47,22645,9470],{"class":80},[47,22647,13820],{"class":102},[47,22649,4092],{"class":98},[47,22651,15035],{"class":102},[47,22653,13467],{"class":98},[47,22655,22500],{"class":80},[47,22657,128],{"class":65},[47,22659,106],{"class":98},[20,22661,6704,22662,22665],{},[15,22663,22664],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22667,22668,22669,445],{},"For a full guide, see ",[594,22670,22672],{"href":22671},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,22674,22676],{"id":22675},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22678,22679],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[38,22681,22683],{"className":40,"code":22682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22684,22685,22744,22748,22768,22772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22686,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719,22722,22724,22726,22728,22731,22733,22735,22737,22740,22742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22688,13271],{"class":53},[47,22690,58],{"class":57},[47,22692,10683],{"class":98},[47,22694,128],{"class":61},[47,22696,4272],{"class":65},[47,22698,128],{"class":61},[47,22700,420],{"class":98},[47,22702,62],{"class":61},[47,22704,876],{"class":65},[47,22706,128],{"class":61},[47,22708,136],{"class":98},[47,22710,62],{"class":61},[47,22712,4281],{"class":65},[47,22714,128],{"class":61},[47,22716,420],{"class":98},[47,22718,62],{"class":61},[47,22720,22721],{"class":65},"yellow",[47,22723,128],{"class":61},[47,22725,136],{"class":98},[47,22727,62],{"class":61},[47,22729,22730],{"class":65},"grape",[47,22732,128],{"class":61},[47,22734,420],{"class":98},[47,22736,62],{"class":61},[47,22738,22739],{"class":65},"purple",[47,22741,128],{"class":61},[47,22743,9500],{"class":98},[47,22745,22746],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22747,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22749,22750,22753,22755,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,22751,22752],{"class":53},"pairs_list ",[47,22754,58],{"class":57},[47,22756,22757],{"class":1788}," list",[47,22759,99],{"class":98},[47,22761,17698],{"class":102},[47,22763,445],{"class":98},[47,22765,8006],{"class":102},[47,22767,7389],{"class":98},[47,22769,22770],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,22771,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22773,22774,22776,22778,22781],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22775,95],{"class":94},[47,22777,99],{"class":98},[47,22779,22780],{"class":102},"pairs_list",[47,22782,106],{"class":98},[20,22784,22785],{},[280,22786,144],{},[38,22788,22790],{"className":40,"code":22789,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22791,22792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22793,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22795,21937],{"class":98},[47,22797,3493],{"class":61},[47,22799,4272],{"class":65},[47,22801,3493],{"class":61},[47,22803,136],{"class":98},[47,22805,3488],{"class":61},[47,22807,876],{"class":65},[47,22809,3493],{"class":61},[47,22811,9425],{"class":98},[47,22813,9428],{"class":98},[47,22815,3493],{"class":61},[47,22817,4281],{"class":65},[47,22819,3493],{"class":61},[47,22821,136],{"class":98},[47,22823,3488],{"class":61},[47,22825,22721],{"class":65},[47,22827,3493],{"class":61},[47,22829,9425],{"class":98},[47,22831,9428],{"class":98},[47,22833,3493],{"class":61},[47,22835,22730],{"class":65},[47,22837,3493],{"class":61},[47,22839,136],{"class":98},[47,22841,3488],{"class":61},[47,22843,22739],{"class":65},[47,22845,3493],{"class":61},[47,22847,9441],{"class":98},[20,22849,22850],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22852,22853],{},"Use this when:",[187,22855,22856,22859,22862],{},[190,22857,22858],{},"You want clearer printed output",[190,22860,22861],{},"You need list behavior",[190,22863,22864],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[33,22866,22868,10778,22870,10778,22872],{"id":22867},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22869,17274],{},[15,22871,17261],{},[15,22873,17267],{},[20,22875,22876],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[187,22878,22879,22884,22889],{},[190,22880,22881,22883],{},[15,22882,17274],{}," gives both key and value",[190,22885,22886,22888],{},[15,22887,17261],{}," gives only keys",[190,22890,22891,22893],{},[15,22892,17267],{}," gives only values",[20,22895,204],{},[38,22897,22899],{"className":40,"code":22898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22900,22901,22937,22941,22959,22977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,22902,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,22904,13398],{"class":53},[47,22906,58],{"class":57},[47,22908,10683],{"class":98},[47,22910,128],{"class":61},[47,22912,103],{"class":65},[47,22914,128],{"class":61},[47,22916,420],{"class":98},[47,22918,62],{"class":61},[47,22920,13075],{"class":65},[47,22922,128],{"class":61},[47,22924,136],{"class":98},[47,22926,62],{"class":61},[47,22928,116],{"class":65},[47,22930,128],{"class":61},[47,22932,420],{"class":98},[47,22934,9497],{"class":80},[47,22936,9500],{"class":98},[47,22938,22939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,22940,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,22942,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,22944,95],{"class":94},[47,22946,99],{"class":98},[47,22948,8288],{"class":1788},[47,22950,99],{"class":98},[47,22952,17503],{"class":102},[47,22954,445],{"class":98},[47,22956,17119],{"class":102},[47,22958,6483],{"class":98},[47,22960,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,22962,95],{"class":94},[47,22964,99],{"class":98},[47,22966,8288],{"class":1788},[47,22968,99],{"class":98},[47,22970,17503],{"class":102},[47,22972,445],{"class":98},[47,22974,5553],{"class":102},[47,22976,6483],{"class":98},[47,22978,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,22980,95],{"class":94},[47,22982,99],{"class":98},[47,22984,8288],{"class":1788},[47,22986,99],{"class":98},[47,22988,17503],{"class":102},[47,22990,445],{"class":98},[47,22992,8006],{"class":102},[47,22994,6483],{"class":98},[20,22996,22997],{},[280,22998,144],{},[38,23000,23002],{"className":40,"code":23001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23003,23004,23024,23040],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23005,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23007,4092],{"class":98},[47,23009,3493],{"class":61},[47,23011,103],{"class":65},[47,23013,3493],{"class":61},[47,23015,136],{"class":98},[47,23017,3488],{"class":61},[47,23019,116],{"class":65},[47,23021,3493],{"class":61},[47,23023,3828],{"class":98},[47,23025,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23027,4092],{"class":98},[47,23029,3493],{"class":61},[47,23031,13075],{"class":65},[47,23033,3493],{"class":61},[47,23035,136],{"class":98},[47,23037,9497],{"class":80},[47,23039,3828],{"class":98},[47,23041,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23043,21937],{"class":98},[47,23045,3493],{"class":61},[47,23047,103],{"class":65},[47,23049,3493],{"class":61},[47,23051,136],{"class":98},[47,23053,3488],{"class":61},[47,23055,13075],{"class":65},[47,23057,3493],{"class":61},[47,23059,9425],{"class":98},[47,23061,9428],{"class":98},[47,23063,3493],{"class":61},[47,23065,116],{"class":65},[47,23067,3493],{"class":61},[47,23069,136],{"class":98},[47,23071,9497],{"class":80},[47,23073,9441],{"class":98},[20,23075,23076],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[187,23078,23079,23087,23095],{},[190,23080,23081,23082],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[594,23083,23085],{"href":23084},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23086,17261],{},[190,23088,23089,23090],{},"Need just values? Use ",[594,23091,23093],{"href":23092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23094,17267],{},[190,23096,23097,23098],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23099,17274],{},[33,23101,5158,23103],{"id":23102},"when-to-use-items",[15,23104,17274],{},[20,23106,23107,23109],{},[15,23108,17274],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[187,23111,23112,23115,23118,23121,23124],{},[190,23113,23114],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[190,23116,23117],{},"Building formatted output",[190,23119,23120],{},"Looping through settings and values",[190,23122,23123],{},"Showing names with scores",[190,23125,23126],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23128,204],{},[38,23130,23132],{"className":40,"code":23131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23133,23134,23142,23160,23179,23191,23195,23199,23220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23135,23136,23138,23140],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23137,14020],{"class":53},[47,23139,58],{"class":57},[47,23141,11688],{"class":98},[47,23143,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156,23158],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23145,11693],{"class":61},[47,23147,12689],{"class":65},[47,23149,128],{"class":61},[47,23151,420],{"class":98},[47,23153,62],{"class":61},[47,23155,12698],{"class":65},[47,23157,128],{"class":61},[47,23159,11709],{"class":98},[47,23161,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23175,23177],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23163,11693],{"class":61},[47,23165,20320],{"class":65},[47,23167,128],{"class":61},[47,23169,420],{"class":98},[47,23171,62],{"class":61},[47,23173,23174],{"class":65},"English",[47,23176,128],{"class":61},[47,23178,11709],{"class":98},[47,23180,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,23182,11693],{"class":61},[47,23184,18721],{"class":65},[47,23186,128],{"class":61},[47,23188,420],{"class":98},[47,23190,6616],{"class":1334},[47,23192,23193],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,23194,9500],{"class":98},[47,23196,23197],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,23198,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,23200,23201,23203,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,23202,1462],{"class":1461},[47,23204,23205],{"class":53}," setting",[47,23207,136],{"class":98},[47,23209,21782],{"class":53},[47,23211,1468],{"class":1461},[47,23213,14064],{"class":53},[47,23215,445],{"class":98},[47,23217,8006],{"class":102},[47,23219,21793],{"class":98},[47,23221,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23235,23237,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,23223,1499],{"class":94},[47,23225,99],{"class":98},[47,23227,22491],{"class":2266},[47,23229,128],{"class":65},[47,23231,9470],{"class":80},[47,23233,23234],{"class":102},"setting",[47,23236,22500],{"class":80},[47,23238,23239],{"class":65}," = ",[47,23241,9470],{"class":80},[47,23243,2668],{"class":102},[47,23245,22500],{"class":80},[47,23247,128],{"class":65},[47,23249,106],{"class":98},[20,23251,23252],{},[280,23253,144],{},[38,23255,23257],{"className":40,"code":23256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23258,23259,23269,23279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23260,23261,23264,23266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23262,23263],{"class":53},"theme ",[47,23265,58],{"class":57},[47,23267,23268],{"class":53}," dark\n",[47,23270,23271,23274,23276],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23272,23273],{"class":53},"language ",[47,23275,58],{"class":57},[47,23277,23278],{"class":53}," English\n",[47,23280,23281,23284,23286],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23282,23283],{"class":53},"notifications ",[47,23285,58],{"class":57},[47,23287,6616],{"class":1334},[33,23289,1595],{"id":1594},[20,23291,23292,23293,445],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23294,17274],{},[447,23296,23298,23299,23301],{"id":23297},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23300,17274],{}," incorrectly",[20,23303,23304,23305,23307,23308,23311],{},"Each result from ",[15,23306,17274],{}," has ",[280,23309,23310],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23313,6882],{},[38,23315,23316],{"className":40,"code":21728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,23317,23318,23354,23358,23378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23319,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23321,13398],{"class":53},[47,23323,58],{"class":57},[47,23325,10683],{"class":98},[47,23327,128],{"class":61},[47,23329,103],{"class":65},[47,23331,128],{"class":61},[47,23333,420],{"class":98},[47,23335,62],{"class":61},[47,23337,13075],{"class":65},[47,23339,128],{"class":61},[47,23341,136],{"class":98},[47,23343,62],{"class":61},[47,23345,116],{"class":65},[47,23347,128],{"class":61},[47,23349,420],{"class":98},[47,23351,9497],{"class":80},[47,23353,9500],{"class":98},[47,23355,23356],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23357,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,23359,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372,23374,23376],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23361,1462],{"class":1461},[47,23363,21777],{"class":53},[47,23365,136],{"class":98},[47,23367,21782],{"class":53},[47,23369,1468],{"class":1461},[47,23371,13441],{"class":53},[47,23373,445],{"class":98},[47,23375,8006],{"class":102},[47,23377,21793],{"class":98},[47,23379,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,23381,1499],{"class":94},[47,23383,99],{"class":98},[47,23385,15035],{"class":102},[47,23387,136],{"class":98},[47,23389,8626],{"class":102},[47,23391,106],{"class":98},[20,23393,23394],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[38,23396,23398],{"className":40,"code":23397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23399,23400,23436,23440,23456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23401,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23403,13398],{"class":53},[47,23405,58],{"class":57},[47,23407,10683],{"class":98},[47,23409,128],{"class":61},[47,23411,103],{"class":65},[47,23413,128],{"class":61},[47,23415,420],{"class":98},[47,23417,62],{"class":61},[47,23419,13075],{"class":65},[47,23421,128],{"class":61},[47,23423,136],{"class":98},[47,23425,62],{"class":61},[47,23427,116],{"class":65},[47,23429,128],{"class":61},[47,23431,420],{"class":98},[47,23433,9497],{"class":80},[47,23435,9500],{"class":98},[47,23437,23438],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23439,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,23441,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23443,1462],{"class":1461},[47,23445,18405],{"class":53},[47,23447,1468],{"class":1461},[47,23449,13441],{"class":53},[47,23451,445],{"class":98},[47,23453,8006],{"class":102},[47,23455,21793],{"class":98},[47,23457,23458,23460,23462,23464],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,23459,1499],{"class":94},[47,23461,99],{"class":98},[47,23463,15035],{"class":102},[47,23465,106],{"class":98},[20,23467,23468,23469,23471,23472,23475],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23470,15035],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23473,23474],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23477,23478],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[38,23480,23482],{"className":40,"code":23481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23483,23484,23500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23485,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23487,1462],{"class":1461},[47,23489,6155],{"class":53},[47,23491,1468],{"class":1461},[47,23493,13441],{"class":53},[47,23495,445],{"class":98},[47,23497,8006],{"class":102},[47,23499,21793],{"class":98},[47,23501,23502,23504,23506,23509],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23503,1499],{"class":94},[47,23505,99],{"class":98},[47,23507,23508],{"class":102},"item",[47,23510,106],{"class":98},[20,23512,23513],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[38,23515,23517],{"className":40,"code":23516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23518,23519,23539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23520,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531,23533,23535,23537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23522,1462],{"class":1461},[47,23524,21777],{"class":53},[47,23526,136],{"class":98},[47,23528,21782],{"class":53},[47,23530,1468],{"class":1461},[47,23532,13441],{"class":53},[47,23534,445],{"class":98},[47,23536,8006],{"class":102},[47,23538,21793],{"class":98},[47,23540,23541,23543,23545,23547,23549,23551],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23542,1499],{"class":94},[47,23544,99],{"class":98},[47,23546,15035],{"class":102},[47,23548,136],{"class":98},[47,23550,8626],{"class":102},[47,23552,106],{"class":98},[447,23554,1807,23556,23558],{"id":23555},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23557,17274],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23560,23561,22172,23563,23565],{},[15,23562,17274],{},[15,23564,22105],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23567,23568],{},"Check it:",[38,23570,23572],{"className":40,"code":23571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23573,23574,23606,23610,23624,23642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23575,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23577,11920],{"class":53},[47,23579,58],{"class":57},[47,23581,10683],{"class":98},[47,23583,128],{"class":61},[47,23585,594],{"class":65},[47,23587,128],{"class":61},[47,23589,420],{"class":98},[47,23591,1545],{"class":80},[47,23593,136],{"class":98},[47,23595,62],{"class":61},[47,23597,4957],{"class":65},[47,23599,128],{"class":61},[47,23601,420],{"class":98},[47,23603,1562],{"class":80},[47,23605,9500],{"class":98},[47,23607,23608],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23609,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,23611,23612,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23613,95],{"class":94},[47,23615,99],{"class":98},[47,23617,11644],{"class":102},[47,23619,445],{"class":98},[47,23621,8006],{"class":102},[47,23623,7389],{"class":98},[47,23625,23626,23628,23630,23632,23634,23636,23638,23640],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,23627,95],{"class":94},[47,23629,99],{"class":98},[47,23631,1922],{"class":1788},[47,23633,99],{"class":98},[47,23635,11644],{"class":102},[47,23637,445],{"class":98},[47,23639,8006],{"class":102},[47,23641,6483],{"class":98},[47,23643,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,23645,95],{"class":94},[47,23647,99],{"class":98},[47,23649,8288],{"class":1788},[47,23651,99],{"class":98},[47,23653,11644],{"class":102},[47,23655,445],{"class":98},[47,23657,8006],{"class":102},[47,23659,6483],{"class":98},[20,23661,23662],{},[280,23663,144],{},[38,23665,23667],{"className":40,"code":23666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23668,23669,23701,23715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23670,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23672,22105],{"class":102},[47,23674,9849],{"class":98},[47,23676,3493],{"class":61},[47,23678,594],{"class":65},[47,23680,3493],{"class":61},[47,23682,136],{"class":98},[47,23684,1545],{"class":80},[47,23686,9425],{"class":98},[47,23688,9428],{"class":98},[47,23690,3493],{"class":61},[47,23692,4957],{"class":65},[47,23694,3493],{"class":61},[47,23696,136],{"class":98},[47,23698,1562],{"class":80},[47,23700,10872],{"class":98},[47,23702,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23704,3482],{"class":57},[47,23706,3485],{"class":2266},[47,23708,3488],{"class":61},[47,23710,22105],{"class":65},[47,23712,3493],{"class":61},[47,23714,3496],{"class":57},[47,23716,23717,23719,23721,23723,23725,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23718,21937],{"class":98},[47,23720,3493],{"class":61},[47,23722,594],{"class":65},[47,23724,3493],{"class":61},[47,23726,136],{"class":98},[47,23728,1545],{"class":80},[47,23730,9425],{"class":98},[47,23732,9428],{"class":98},[47,23734,3493],{"class":61},[47,23736,4957],{"class":65},[47,23738,3493],{"class":61},[47,23740,136],{"class":98},[47,23742,1562],{"class":80},[47,23744,9441],{"class":98},[447,23746,23748,23749],{"id":23747},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23750,17274],{},[20,23752,23753],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23755,23756],{},"Problem example:",[38,23758,23760],{"className":40,"code":23759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23761,23762,23806,23810,23830,23842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23763,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23765,3810],{"class":53},[47,23767,58],{"class":57},[47,23769,10683],{"class":98},[47,23771,128],{"class":61},[47,23773,594],{"class":65},[47,23775,128],{"class":61},[47,23777,420],{"class":98},[47,23779,1545],{"class":80},[47,23781,136],{"class":98},[47,23783,62],{"class":61},[47,23785,4957],{"class":65},[47,23787,128],{"class":61},[47,23789,420],{"class":98},[47,23791,1562],{"class":80},[47,23793,136],{"class":98},[47,23795,62],{"class":61},[47,23797,9931],{"class":65},[47,23799,128],{"class":61},[47,23801,420],{"class":98},[47,23803,249],{"class":80},[47,23805,9500],{"class":98},[47,23807,23808],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23809,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,23811,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23813,1462],{"class":1461},[47,23815,21777],{"class":53},[47,23817,136],{"class":98},[47,23819,21782],{"class":53},[47,23821,1468],{"class":1461},[47,23823,4457],{"class":53},[47,23825,445],{"class":98},[47,23827,8006],{"class":102},[47,23829,21793],{"class":98},[47,23831,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,23833,6591],{"class":1461},[47,23835,21782],{"class":53},[47,23837,4884],{"class":57},[47,23839,1562],{"class":80},[47,23841,6586],{"class":98},[47,23843,23844,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,23845,23846],{"class":53},"        numbers",[47,23848,4092],{"class":98},[47,23850,128],{"class":61},[47,23852,18964],{"class":65},[47,23854,128],{"class":61},[47,23856,13467],{"class":98},[47,23858,13470],{"class":57},[47,23860,23861],{"class":80}," 4\n",[20,23863,23864],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23866,23867],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[38,23869,23871],{"className":40,"code":23870,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23872,23873,23917,23921,23946,23958,23976,23980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,23874,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,23876,3810],{"class":53},[47,23878,58],{"class":57},[47,23880,10683],{"class":98},[47,23882,128],{"class":61},[47,23884,594],{"class":65},[47,23886,128],{"class":61},[47,23888,420],{"class":98},[47,23890,1545],{"class":80},[47,23892,136],{"class":98},[47,23894,62],{"class":61},[47,23896,4957],{"class":65},[47,23898,128],{"class":61},[47,23900,420],{"class":98},[47,23902,1562],{"class":80},[47,23904,136],{"class":98},[47,23906,62],{"class":61},[47,23908,9931],{"class":65},[47,23910,128],{"class":61},[47,23912,420],{"class":98},[47,23914,249],{"class":80},[47,23916,9500],{"class":98},[47,23918,23919],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,23920,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,23922,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,23924,1462],{"class":1461},[47,23926,21777],{"class":53},[47,23928,136],{"class":98},[47,23930,21782],{"class":53},[47,23932,1468],{"class":1461},[47,23934,22757],{"class":1788},[47,23936,99],{"class":98},[47,23938,195],{"class":102},[47,23940,445],{"class":98},[47,23942,8006],{"class":102},[47,23944,23945],{"class":98},"()):\n",[47,23947,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,23949,6591],{"class":1461},[47,23951,21782],{"class":53},[47,23953,4884],{"class":57},[47,23955,1562],{"class":80},[47,23957,6586],{"class":98},[47,23959,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,23961,23846],{"class":53},[47,23963,4092],{"class":98},[47,23965,128],{"class":61},[47,23967,18964],{"class":65},[47,23969,128],{"class":61},[47,23971,13467],{"class":98},[47,23973,13470],{"class":57},[47,23975,23861],{"class":80},[47,23977,23978],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,23979,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,23981,23982,23984,23986,23988],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,23983,95],{"class":94},[47,23985,99],{"class":98},[47,23987,195],{"class":102},[47,23989,106],{"class":98},[447,23991,23993],{"id":23992},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23995,23996],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[38,23998,24000],{"className":40,"code":23999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24001,24002,24034,24038,24054],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24003,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24005,9359],{"class":53},[47,24007,58],{"class":57},[47,24009,10683],{"class":98},[47,24011,128],{"class":61},[47,24013,2374],{"class":65},[47,24015,128],{"class":61},[47,24017,420],{"class":98},[47,24019,373],{"class":80},[47,24021,136],{"class":98},[47,24023,62],{"class":61},[47,24025,11941],{"class":65},[47,24027,128],{"class":61},[47,24029,420],{"class":98},[47,24031,7986],{"class":80},[47,24033,9500],{"class":98},[47,24035,24036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24037,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,24039,24040,24042,24044,24046,24048,24050,24052],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,24041,1462],{"class":1461},[47,24043,6155],{"class":53},[47,24045,1468],{"class":1461},[47,24047,14760],{"class":53},[47,24049,445],{"class":98},[47,24051,8006],{"class":102},[47,24053,21793],{"class":98},[47,24055,24056,24058,24060,24062],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,24057,1499],{"class":94},[47,24059,99],{"class":98},[47,24061,23508],{"class":102},[47,24063,106],{"class":98},[20,24065,24066],{},[280,24067,144],{},[38,24069,24071],{"className":40,"code":24070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24072,24073,24089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24074,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24076,99],{"class":98},[47,24078,3493],{"class":61},[47,24080,2374],{"class":65},[47,24082,3493],{"class":61},[47,24084,136],{"class":98},[47,24086,373],{"class":80},[47,24088,106],{"class":98},[47,24090,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24092,99],{"class":98},[47,24094,3493],{"class":61},[47,24096,11941],{"class":65},[47,24098,3493],{"class":61},[47,24100,136],{"class":98},[47,24102,7986],{"class":80},[47,24104,106],{"class":98},[20,24106,24107,24108,24110],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24109,21852],{}," pair.",[33,24112,1969],{"id":1968},[447,24114,24116,24117,5342],{"id":24115},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24118,17274],{},[20,24120,17618,24121,24123],{},[15,24122,22105],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[447,24125,1973,24127,24129],{"id":24126},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24128,17274],{}," return a list?",[20,24131,24132,24133,24136],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24134,24135],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[447,24138,24140,24141,2009],{"id":24139},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24142,17274],{},[20,24144,24145],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[38,24147,24149],{"className":40,"code":24148,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24150,24151,24171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24152,24153,24155,24157,24159,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24154,1462],{"class":1461},[47,24156,21777],{"class":53},[47,24158,136],{"class":98},[47,24160,21782],{"class":53},[47,24162,1468],{"class":1461},[47,24164,11962],{"class":53},[47,24166,445],{"class":98},[47,24168,8006],{"class":102},[47,24170,21793],{"class":98},[47,24172,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24174,1499],{"class":94},[47,24176,99],{"class":98},[47,24178,15035],{"class":102},[47,24180,136],{"class":98},[47,24182,8626],{"class":102},[47,24184,106],{"class":98},[447,24186,1973,24188,24190],{"id":24187},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24189,17274],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24192,24193],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[33,24195,2075],{"id":2074},[187,24197,24198,24204,24210,24215,24219],{},[190,24199,24200],{},[594,24201,10930,24202,10934],{"href":23084},[15,24203,17261],{},[190,24205,24206],{},[594,24207,10930,24208,10934],{"href":23092},[15,24209,17267],{},[190,24211,24212],{},[594,24213,24214],{"href":22671},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[190,24216,24217],{},[594,24218,9349],{"href":13218},[190,24220,24221],{},[594,24222,24223],{"href":21975},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2110,24225,24226],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":24228},[24229,24230,24232,24233,24234,24236,24237,24239,24241,24250,24260],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":21835,"depth":72,"text":24231},"What items() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":22166,"depth":72,"text":22167},{"id":22392,"depth":72,"text":24235},"Looping with items()",{"id":22675,"depth":72,"text":22676},{"id":22867,"depth":72,"text":24238},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23102,"depth":72,"text":24240},"When to use items()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":24242},[24243,24245,24247,24249],{"id":23297,"depth":84,"text":24244},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23555,"depth":84,"text":24246},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23747,"depth":84,"text":24248},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23992,"depth":84,"text":23993},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":24251},[24252,24254,24256,24258],{"id":24115,"depth":84,"text":24253},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24126,"depth":84,"text":24255},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24139,"depth":84,"text":24257},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24187,"depth":84,"text":24259},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21704,"description":24261},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24268,"title":24269,"body":24270,"description":26361,"extension":2167,"meta":26362,"navigation":87,"path":23084,"seo":26363,"stem":26364,"__hash__":26365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24271,"toc":26327},[24272,24277,24283,24286,24297,24304,24306,24389,24393,24440,24445,24450,24455,24457,24473,24475,24574,24578,24635,24638,24640,24643,24736,24740,24803,24806,24822,24827,24829,24831,24846,24848,24859,24861,24904,24907,24951,24954,24956,24963,24966,24983,24985,25078,25082,25123,25135,25139,25142,25230,25234,25254,25257,25284,25291,25296,25300,25311,25313,25417,25421,25447,25450,25517,25522,25525,25548,25553,25557,25562,25568,25573,25575,25630,25634,25661,25668,25674,25677,25702,25708,25734,25737,25812,25819,25824,25826,25865,25883,25887,25890,25933,25936,25938,25957,25959,25964,25989,25992,26062,26065,26138,26142,26144,26205,26208,26224,26226,26231,26236,26243,26252,26258,26264,26271,26277,26281,26286,26288,26324],[10,24273,11512,24275,11516],{"id":24274},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24276,17261],{},[20,24278,24279,24280,24282],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24281,17261],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24284,24285],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[187,24287,24288,24291,24294],{},[190,24289,24290],{},"view the available keys",[190,24292,24293],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[190,24295,24296],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24298,24299,24301,24302,445],{},[15,24300,17261],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24303,17210],{},[33,24305,36],{"id":35},[38,24307,24309],{"className":40,"code":24308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24310,24311,24347,24361,24365,24375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24312,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24314,13058],{"class":53},[47,24316,58],{"class":57},[47,24318,10683],{"class":98},[47,24320,128],{"class":61},[47,24322,103],{"class":65},[47,24324,128],{"class":61},[47,24326,420],{"class":98},[47,24328,62],{"class":61},[47,24330,13075],{"class":65},[47,24332,128],{"class":61},[47,24334,136],{"class":98},[47,24336,62],{"class":61},[47,24338,116],{"class":65},[47,24340,128],{"class":61},[47,24342,420],{"class":98},[47,24344,7986],{"class":80},[47,24346,9500],{"class":98},[47,24348,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357,24359],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24350,17438],{"class":53},[47,24352,58],{"class":57},[47,24354,13101],{"class":53},[47,24356,445],{"class":98},[47,24358,17119],{"class":102},[47,24360,8836],{"class":98},[47,24362,24363],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,24364,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,24366,24367,24369,24371,24373],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,24368,95],{"class":94},[47,24370,99],{"class":98},[47,24372,17119],{"class":102},[47,24374,106],{"class":98},[47,24376,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,24378,95],{"class":94},[47,24380,99],{"class":98},[47,24382,8288],{"class":1788},[47,24384,99],{"class":98},[47,24386,17119],{"class":102},[47,24388,1796],{"class":98},[20,24390,24391],{},[280,24392,144],{},[38,24394,24396],{"className":40,"code":24395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24397,24398,24420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24399,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24401,17210],{"class":102},[47,24403,3178],{"class":98},[47,24405,3493],{"class":61},[47,24407,103],{"class":65},[47,24409,3493],{"class":61},[47,24411,136],{"class":98},[47,24413,3488],{"class":61},[47,24415,116],{"class":65},[47,24417,3493],{"class":61},[47,24419,4080],{"class":98},[47,24421,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24423,4092],{"class":98},[47,24425,3493],{"class":61},[47,24427,103],{"class":65},[47,24429,3493],{"class":61},[47,24431,136],{"class":98},[47,24433,3488],{"class":61},[47,24435,116],{"class":65},[47,24437,3493],{"class":61},[47,24439,3828],{"class":98},[20,24441,167,24442,24444],{},[15,24443,17261],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[33,24446,174,24448,177],{"id":24447},"what-keys-does",[15,24449,17261],{},[20,24451,24452,24454],{},[15,24453,17261],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24456,11653],{},[187,24458,24459,24462,24465,24470],{},[190,24460,24461],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[190,24463,24464],{},"It does not need any arguments",[190,24466,17618,24467,24469],{},[15,24468,17210],{}," view object, not a list",[190,24471,24472],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24474,204],{},[38,24476,24478],{"className":40,"code":24477,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24479,24480,24516,24520,24534,24538,24560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24481,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24483,13398],{"class":53},[47,24485,58],{"class":57},[47,24487,10683],{"class":98},[47,24489,128],{"class":61},[47,24491,103],{"class":65},[47,24493,128],{"class":61},[47,24495,420],{"class":98},[47,24497,62],{"class":61},[47,24499,13415],{"class":65},[47,24501,128],{"class":61},[47,24503,136],{"class":98},[47,24505,62],{"class":61},[47,24507,116],{"class":65},[47,24509,128],{"class":61},[47,24511,420],{"class":98},[47,24513,9497],{"class":80},[47,24515,9500],{"class":98},[47,24517,24518],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24519,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,24521,24522,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,24523,95],{"class":94},[47,24525,99],{"class":98},[47,24527,17503],{"class":102},[47,24529,445],{"class":98},[47,24531,17119],{"class":102},[47,24533,7389],{"class":98},[47,24535,24536],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,24537,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,24539,24540,24542,24544,24546,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,24541,17503],{"class":53},[47,24543,4092],{"class":98},[47,24545,128],{"class":61},[47,24547,10601],{"class":65},[47,24549,128],{"class":61},[47,24551,13467],{"class":98},[47,24553,13470],{"class":57},[47,24555,62],{"class":61},[47,24557,10608],{"class":65},[47,24559,69],{"class":61},[47,24561,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,24563,95],{"class":94},[47,24565,99],{"class":98},[47,24567,17503],{"class":102},[47,24569,445],{"class":98},[47,24571,17119],{"class":102},[47,24573,7389],{"class":98},[20,24575,24576],{},[280,24577,144],{},[38,24579,24581],{"className":40,"code":24580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24582,24583,24605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24584,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24586,17210],{"class":102},[47,24588,3178],{"class":98},[47,24590,3493],{"class":61},[47,24592,103],{"class":65},[47,24594,3493],{"class":61},[47,24596,136],{"class":98},[47,24598,3488],{"class":61},[47,24600,116],{"class":65},[47,24602,3493],{"class":61},[47,24604,4080],{"class":98},[47,24606,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24608,17210],{"class":102},[47,24610,3178],{"class":98},[47,24612,3493],{"class":61},[47,24614,103],{"class":65},[47,24616,3493],{"class":61},[47,24618,136],{"class":98},[47,24620,3488],{"class":61},[47,24622,116],{"class":65},[47,24624,3493],{"class":61},[47,24626,136],{"class":98},[47,24628,3488],{"class":61},[47,24630,10601],{"class":65},[47,24632,3493],{"class":61},[47,24634,4080],{"class":98},[20,24636,24637],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[33,24639,5982],{"id":5981},[20,24641,24642],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[38,24644,24646],{"className":40,"code":24645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24647,24648,24700,24704,24718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24649,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24651,9359],{"class":53},[47,24653,58],{"class":57},[47,24655,10683],{"class":98},[47,24657,128],{"class":61},[47,24659,103],{"class":65},[47,24661,128],{"class":61},[47,24663,420],{"class":98},[47,24665,62],{"class":61},[47,24667,13075],{"class":65},[47,24669,128],{"class":61},[47,24671,136],{"class":98},[47,24673,62],{"class":61},[47,24675,116],{"class":65},[47,24677,128],{"class":61},[47,24679,420],{"class":98},[47,24681,7986],{"class":80},[47,24683,136],{"class":98},[47,24685,62],{"class":61},[47,24687,20088],{"class":65},[47,24689,128],{"class":61},[47,24691,420],{"class":98},[47,24693,62],{"class":61},[47,24695,22442],{"class":65},[47,24697,128],{"class":61},[47,24699,9500],{"class":98},[47,24701,24702],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24703,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,24705,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714,24716],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,24707,95],{"class":94},[47,24709,99],{"class":98},[47,24711,9396],{"class":102},[47,24713,445],{"class":98},[47,24715,17119],{"class":102},[47,24717,7389],{"class":98},[47,24719,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,24721,95],{"class":94},[47,24723,99],{"class":98},[47,24725,8288],{"class":1788},[47,24727,99],{"class":98},[47,24729,9396],{"class":102},[47,24731,445],{"class":98},[47,24733,17119],{"class":102},[47,24735,6483],{"class":98},[20,24737,24738],{},[280,24739,144],{},[38,24741,24743],{"className":40,"code":24742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24744,24745,24775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24746,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24748,17210],{"class":102},[47,24750,3178],{"class":98},[47,24752,3493],{"class":61},[47,24754,103],{"class":65},[47,24756,3493],{"class":61},[47,24758,136],{"class":98},[47,24760,3488],{"class":61},[47,24762,116],{"class":65},[47,24764,3493],{"class":61},[47,24766,136],{"class":98},[47,24768,3488],{"class":61},[47,24770,20088],{"class":65},[47,24772,3493],{"class":61},[47,24774,4080],{"class":98},[47,24776,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24778,4092],{"class":98},[47,24780,3493],{"class":61},[47,24782,103],{"class":65},[47,24784,3493],{"class":61},[47,24786,136],{"class":98},[47,24788,3488],{"class":61},[47,24790,116],{"class":65},[47,24792,3493],{"class":61},[47,24794,136],{"class":98},[47,24796,3488],{"class":61},[47,24798,20088],{"class":65},[47,24800,3493],{"class":61},[47,24802,3828],{"class":98},[20,24804,24805],{},"This shows two things:",[187,24807,24808,24816],{},[190,24809,24810,22172,24813,24815],{},[15,24811,24812],{},"data.keys()",[15,24814,17210],{}," object",[190,24817,24818,24821],{},[15,24819,24820],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24823,9345,24824,445],{},[594,24825,24826],{"href":9582},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[33,24828,5626],{"id":5625},[20,24830,2360],{},[38,24832,24834],{"className":40,"code":24833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24835,24836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24837,24838,24840,24842,24844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24839,11644],{"class":53},[47,24841,445],{"class":98},[47,24843,17119],{"class":102},[47,24845,8836],{"class":98},[20,24847,21997],{},[187,24849,24850,24853,24856],{},[190,24851,24852],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[190,24854,24855],{},"It takes no parameters",[190,24857,24858],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24860,16851],{},[38,24862,24864],{"className":40,"code":24863,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24865,24866,24890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24867,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24869,13058],{"class":53},[47,24871,58],{"class":57},[47,24873,10683],{"class":98},[47,24875,128],{"class":61},[47,24877,103],{"class":65},[47,24879,128],{"class":61},[47,24881,420],{"class":98},[47,24883,62],{"class":61},[47,24885,13075],{"class":65},[47,24887,128],{"class":61},[47,24889,9500],{"class":98},[47,24891,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24893,95],{"class":94},[47,24895,99],{"class":98},[47,24897,13820],{"class":102},[47,24899,445],{"class":98},[47,24901,17119],{"class":102},[47,24903,7389],{"class":98},[20,24905,24906],{},"Incorrect:",[38,24908,24910],{"className":40,"code":24909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24911,24912,24936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24913,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24915,13058],{"class":53},[47,24917,58],{"class":57},[47,24919,10683],{"class":98},[47,24921,128],{"class":61},[47,24923,103],{"class":65},[47,24925,128],{"class":61},[47,24927,420],{"class":98},[47,24929,62],{"class":61},[47,24931,13075],{"class":65},[47,24933,128],{"class":61},[47,24935,9500],{"class":98},[47,24937,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946,24949],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,24939,95],{"class":94},[47,24941,99],{"class":98},[47,24943,13820],{"class":102},[47,24945,445],{"class":98},[47,24947,17119],{"class":24948},"skxfh",[47,24950,106],{"class":98},[20,24952,24953],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[33,24955,17615],{"id":17614},[20,24957,24958,22172,24960,24962],{},[15,24959,17261],{},[15,24961,17210],{}," object.",[20,24964,24965],{},"This object:",[187,24967,24968,24971,24974,24980],{},[190,24969,24970],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[190,24972,24973],{},"can be used in a loop",[190,24975,24976,24977],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24978,24979],{},"list()",[190,24981,24982],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24984,204],{},[38,24986,24988],{"className":40,"code":24987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24989,24990,25031,25035,25050,25054,25064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,24991,24992,24995,24997,24999,25001,25004,25006,25008,25010,25013,25015,25017,25019,25022,25024,25026,25029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,24993,24994],{"class":53},"car ",[47,24996,58],{"class":57},[47,24998,10683],{"class":98},[47,25000,128],{"class":61},[47,25002,25003],{"class":65},"brand",[47,25005,128],{"class":61},[47,25007,420],{"class":98},[47,25009,62],{"class":61},[47,25011,25012],{"class":65},"Toyota",[47,25014,128],{"class":61},[47,25016,136],{"class":98},[47,25018,62],{"class":61},[47,25020,25021],{"class":65},"year",[47,25023,128],{"class":61},[47,25025,420],{"class":98},[47,25027,25028],{"class":80}," 2020",[47,25030,9500],{"class":98},[47,25032,25033],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25034,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,25036,25037,25039,25041,25044,25046,25048],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,25038,1290],{"class":53},[47,25040,58],{"class":57},[47,25042,25043],{"class":53}," car",[47,25045,445],{"class":98},[47,25047,17119],{"class":102},[47,25049,8836],{"class":98},[47,25051,25052],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,25053,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,25055,25056,25058,25060,25062],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,25057,95],{"class":94},[47,25059,99],{"class":98},[47,25061,1315],{"class":102},[47,25063,106],{"class":98},[47,25065,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,25067,95],{"class":94},[47,25069,99],{"class":98},[47,25071,1922],{"class":1788},[47,25073,99],{"class":98},[47,25075,1315],{"class":102},[47,25077,1796],{"class":98},[20,25079,25080],{},[280,25081,144],{},[38,25083,25085],{"className":40,"code":25084,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25086,25087,25109],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25088,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25090,17210],{"class":102},[47,25092,3178],{"class":98},[47,25094,3493],{"class":61},[47,25096,25003],{"class":65},[47,25098,3493],{"class":61},[47,25100,136],{"class":98},[47,25102,3488],{"class":61},[47,25104,25021],{"class":65},[47,25106,3493],{"class":61},[47,25108,4080],{"class":98},[47,25110,25111,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25112,3482],{"class":57},[47,25114,3485],{"class":2266},[47,25116,3488],{"class":61},[47,25118,17210],{"class":65},[47,25120,3493],{"class":61},[47,25122,3496],{"class":57},[20,25124,25125,25126,25130,25131,445],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[594,25127,10930,25128,10934],{"href":17264},[15,25129,17267],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[594,25132,10930,25133,10934],{"href":17271},[15,25134,17274],{},[33,25136,25138],{"id":25137},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25140,25141],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[38,25143,25145],{"className":40,"code":25144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25146,25147,25200,25204,25220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25148,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25196,25198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25150,13058],{"class":53},[47,25152,58],{"class":57},[47,25154,10683],{"class":98},[47,25156,128],{"class":61},[47,25158,103],{"class":65},[47,25160,128],{"class":61},[47,25162,420],{"class":98},[47,25164,62],{"class":61},[47,25166,13075],{"class":65},[47,25168,128],{"class":61},[47,25170,136],{"class":98},[47,25172,62],{"class":61},[47,25174,116],{"class":65},[47,25176,128],{"class":61},[47,25178,420],{"class":98},[47,25180,7986],{"class":80},[47,25182,136],{"class":98},[47,25184,62],{"class":61},[47,25186,15523],{"class":65},[47,25188,128],{"class":61},[47,25190,420],{"class":98},[47,25192,62],{"class":61},[47,25194,25195],{"class":65},"Math",[47,25197,128],{"class":61},[47,25199,9500],{"class":98},[47,25201,25202],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25203,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,25205,25206,25208,25210,25212,25214,25216,25218],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,25207,1462],{"class":1461},[47,25209,18405],{"class":53},[47,25211,1468],{"class":1461},[47,25213,13101],{"class":53},[47,25215,445],{"class":98},[47,25217,17119],{"class":102},[47,25219,21793],{"class":98},[47,25221,25222,25224,25226,25228],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,25223,1499],{"class":94},[47,25225,99],{"class":98},[47,25227,15035],{"class":102},[47,25229,106],{"class":98},[20,25231,25232],{},[280,25233,144],{},[38,25235,25237],{"className":40,"code":25236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25238,25239,25244,25249],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25240,25241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25242,25243],{"class":53},"name\n",[47,25245,25246],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25247,25248],{"class":53},"age\n",[47,25250,25251],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,25252,25253],{"class":53},"course\n",[20,25255,25256],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[38,25258,25260],{"className":40,"code":25259,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25261,25262,25274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25263,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25265,1462],{"class":1461},[47,25267,18405],{"class":53},[47,25269,1468],{"class":1461},[47,25271,13101],{"class":53},[47,25273,6586],{"class":98},[47,25275,25276,25278,25280,25282],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25277,1499],{"class":94},[47,25279,99],{"class":98},[47,25281,15035],{"class":102},[47,25283,106],{"class":98},[20,25285,25286,25287,25290],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25288,25289],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[33,25292,5158,25294],{"id":25293},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25295,17261],{},[20,25297,167,25298,10794],{},[15,25299,17261],{},[187,25301,25302,25305,25308],{},[190,25303,25304],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[190,25306,25307],{},"you want to display available fields",[190,25309,25310],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25312,204],{},[38,25314,25316],{"className":40,"code":25315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25317,25318,25371,25375,25390,25407],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25319,25320,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25340,25342,25344,25346,25349,25351,25353,25356,25358,25360,25363,25365,25367,25369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25321,25322],{"class":53},"product ",[47,25324,58],{"class":57},[47,25326,10683],{"class":98},[47,25328,128],{"class":61},[47,25330,103],{"class":65},[47,25332,128],{"class":61},[47,25334,420],{"class":98},[47,25336,62],{"class":61},[47,25338,25339],{"class":65},"Book",[47,25341,128],{"class":61},[47,25343,136],{"class":98},[47,25345,62],{"class":61},[47,25347,25348],{"class":65},"price",[47,25350,128],{"class":61},[47,25352,420],{"class":98},[47,25354,25355],{"class":80}," 12.99",[47,25357,136],{"class":98},[47,25359,62],{"class":61},[47,25361,25362],{"class":65},"stock",[47,25364,128],{"class":61},[47,25366,420],{"class":98},[47,25368,4800],{"class":80},[47,25370,9500],{"class":98},[47,25372,25373],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25374,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,25376,25377,25379,25381,25383,25386,25388],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,25378,95],{"class":94},[47,25380,99],{"class":98},[47,25382,128],{"class":61},[47,25384,25385],{"class":65},"Available fields:",[47,25387,128],{"class":61},[47,25389,106],{"class":98},[47,25391,25392,25394,25396,25398,25401,25403,25405],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,25393,1462],{"class":1461},[47,25395,18405],{"class":53},[47,25397,1468],{"class":1461},[47,25399,25400],{"class":53}," product",[47,25402,445],{"class":98},[47,25404,17119],{"class":102},[47,25406,21793],{"class":98},[47,25408,25409,25411,25413,25415],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,25410,1499],{"class":94},[47,25412,99],{"class":98},[47,25414,15035],{"class":102},[47,25416,106],{"class":98},[20,25418,25419],{},[280,25420,144],{},[38,25422,25424],{"className":40,"code":25423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25425,25426,25433,25437,25442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25427,25428,25431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25429,25430],{"class":53},"Available fields",[47,25432,6586],{"class":98},[47,25434,25435],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25436,25243],{"class":53},[47,25438,25439],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,25440,25441],{"class":53},"price\n",[47,25443,25444],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,25445,25446],{"class":53},"stock\n",[20,25448,25449],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[38,25451,25453],{"className":40,"code":25452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25454,25455,25491,25495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25456,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467,25469,25471,25473,25475,25477,25479,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25458,25322],{"class":53},[47,25460,58],{"class":57},[47,25462,10683],{"class":98},[47,25464,128],{"class":61},[47,25466,103],{"class":65},[47,25468,128],{"class":61},[47,25470,420],{"class":98},[47,25472,62],{"class":61},[47,25474,25339],{"class":65},[47,25476,128],{"class":61},[47,25478,136],{"class":98},[47,25480,62],{"class":61},[47,25482,25348],{"class":65},[47,25484,128],{"class":61},[47,25486,420],{"class":98},[47,25488,25355],{"class":80},[47,25490,9500],{"class":98},[47,25492,25493],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25494,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,25496,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,25498,95],{"class":94},[47,25500,99],{"class":98},[47,25502,128],{"class":61},[47,25504,103],{"class":65},[47,25506,128],{"class":61},[47,25508,21371],{"class":1461},[47,25510,25400],{"class":102},[47,25512,445],{"class":98},[47,25514,17119],{"class":102},[47,25516,7389],{"class":98},[20,25518,25519,25520,445],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25521,3795],{},[20,25523,25524],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[38,25526,25528],{"className":40,"code":25527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25529,25530],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25531,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25533,95],{"class":94},[47,25535,99],{"class":98},[47,25537,128],{"class":61},[47,25539,103],{"class":65},[47,25541,128],{"class":61},[47,25543,21371],{"class":1461},[47,25545,25400],{"class":102},[47,25547,106],{"class":98},[20,25549,25550,25551,445],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[594,25552,21404],{"href":17349},[33,25554,25556],{"id":25555},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25558,25559,25560,445],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25561,17261],{},[447,25563,1807,25565,25567],{"id":25564},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25566,17261],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25569,25570,25572],{},[15,25571,17261],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25574,204],{},[38,25576,25578],{"className":40,"code":25577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25579,25580,25616],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25581,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25583,9359],{"class":53},[47,25585,58],{"class":57},[47,25587,10683],{"class":98},[47,25589,128],{"class":61},[47,25591,103],{"class":65},[47,25593,128],{"class":61},[47,25595,420],{"class":98},[47,25597,62],{"class":61},[47,25599,13075],{"class":65},[47,25601,128],{"class":61},[47,25603,136],{"class":98},[47,25605,62],{"class":61},[47,25607,116],{"class":65},[47,25609,128],{"class":61},[47,25611,420],{"class":98},[47,25613,7986],{"class":80},[47,25615,9500],{"class":98},[47,25617,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25619,95],{"class":94},[47,25621,99],{"class":98},[47,25623,9396],{"class":102},[47,25625,445],{"class":98},[47,25627,17119],{"class":102},[47,25629,7389],{"class":98},[20,25631,25632],{},[280,25633,144],{},[38,25635,25637],{"className":40,"code":25636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25638,25639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25640,25641,25643,25645,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25642,17210],{"class":102},[47,25644,3178],{"class":98},[47,25646,3493],{"class":61},[47,25648,103],{"class":65},[47,25650,3493],{"class":61},[47,25652,136],{"class":98},[47,25654,3488],{"class":61},[47,25656,116],{"class":65},[47,25658,3493],{"class":61},[47,25660,4080],{"class":98},[20,25662,25663,25664,445],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[594,25665,25666],{"href":17271},[15,25667,17274],{},[447,25669,25671,25672],{"id":25670},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25673,17210],{},[20,25675,25676],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[38,25678,25680],{"className":40,"code":25679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25681,25682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25683,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25685,4092],{"class":98},[47,25687,3493],{"class":61},[47,25689,103],{"class":65},[47,25691,3493],{"class":61},[47,25693,136],{"class":98},[47,25695,3488],{"class":61},[47,25697,116],{"class":65},[47,25699,3493],{"class":61},[47,25701,3828],{"class":98},[20,25703,25704,25705,25707],{},"But ",[15,25706,17261],{}," returns:",[38,25709,25710],{"className":40,"code":25636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,25711,25712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25713,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25715,17210],{"class":102},[47,25717,3178],{"class":98},[47,25719,3493],{"class":61},[47,25721,103],{"class":65},[47,25723,3493],{"class":61},[47,25725,136],{"class":98},[47,25727,3488],{"class":61},[47,25729,116],{"class":65},[47,25731,3493],{"class":61},[47,25733,4080],{"class":98},[20,25735,25736],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[38,25738,25740],{"className":40,"code":25739,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25741,25742,25778,25797,25801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25743,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764,25766,25768,25770,25772,25774,25776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25745,9359],{"class":53},[47,25747,58],{"class":57},[47,25749,10683],{"class":98},[47,25751,128],{"class":61},[47,25753,103],{"class":65},[47,25755,128],{"class":61},[47,25757,420],{"class":98},[47,25759,62],{"class":61},[47,25761,13075],{"class":65},[47,25763,128],{"class":61},[47,25765,136],{"class":98},[47,25767,62],{"class":61},[47,25769,116],{"class":65},[47,25771,128],{"class":61},[47,25773,420],{"class":98},[47,25775,7986],{"class":80},[47,25777,9500],{"class":98},[47,25779,25780,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25781,25782],{"class":53},"key_list ",[47,25784,58],{"class":57},[47,25786,22757],{"class":1788},[47,25788,99],{"class":98},[47,25790,9396],{"class":102},[47,25792,445],{"class":98},[47,25794,17119],{"class":102},[47,25796,7389],{"class":98},[47,25798,25799],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,25800,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,25802,25803,25805,25807,25810],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,25804,95],{"class":94},[47,25806,99],{"class":98},[47,25808,25809],{"class":102},"key_list",[47,25811,106],{"class":98},[447,25813,25815,25816,25818],{"id":25814},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25817,17261],{}," on a list or string",[20,25820,25821,25823],{},[15,25822,17261],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25825,3030],{},[38,25827,25829],{"className":40,"code":25828,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25830,25831,25851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25832,25833,25835,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25834,3810],{"class":53},[47,25836,58],{"class":57},[47,25838,3815],{"class":98},[47,25840,1476],{"class":80},[47,25842,136],{"class":98},[47,25844,1562],{"class":80},[47,25846,136],{"class":98},[47,25848,249],{"class":80},[47,25850,3828],{"class":98},[47,25852,25853,25855,25857,25859,25861,25863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25854,95],{"class":94},[47,25856,99],{"class":98},[47,25858,195],{"class":102},[47,25860,445],{"class":98},[47,25862,17119],{"class":102},[47,25864,7389],{"class":98},[20,25866,25867,25868,25871,25872,25874,25875,445],{},"You may get an ",[15,25869,25870],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25873,17261],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[594,25876,25878,25879,25882],{"href":25877},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25880,25881],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[447,25884,25886],{"id":25885},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25888,25889],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[38,25891,25893],{"className":40,"code":25892,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25894,25895,25919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25896,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25898,9359],{"class":53},[47,25900,58],{"class":57},[47,25902,10683],{"class":98},[47,25904,128],{"class":61},[47,25906,103],{"class":65},[47,25908,128],{"class":61},[47,25910,420],{"class":98},[47,25912,62],{"class":61},[47,25914,13075],{"class":65},[47,25916,128],{"class":61},[47,25918,9500],{"class":98},[47,25920,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,25922,95],{"class":94},[47,25924,99],{"class":98},[47,25926,9396],{"class":102},[47,25928,445],{"class":98},[47,25930,17119],{"class":24948},[47,25932,106],{"class":98},[20,25934,25935],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25937,18891],{},[38,25939,25941],{"className":40,"code":25940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25942,25943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25944,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,25946,95],{"class":94},[47,25948,99],{"class":98},[47,25950,9396],{"class":102},[47,25952,445],{"class":98},[47,25954,17119],{"class":102},[47,25956,7389],{"class":98},[33,25958,1595],{"id":1594},[20,25960,25961,25962,420],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25963,17261],{},[187,25965,25966,25971,25977,25983],{},[190,25967,1654,25968,25970],{},[15,25969,17261],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[190,25972,25973,25974,25976],{},"Thinking ",[15,25975,17261],{}," returns values too",[190,25978,25979,25980,25982],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25981,17210],{}," like a normal list",[190,25984,25985,25986,25988],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25987,17210],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25990,25991],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[38,25993,25995],{"className":40,"code":25994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25996,25997,26029,26043,26047,26057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,25998,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26000,9359],{"class":53},[47,26002,58],{"class":57},[47,26004,10683],{"class":98},[47,26006,128],{"class":61},[47,26008,594],{"class":65},[47,26010,128],{"class":61},[47,26012,420],{"class":98},[47,26014,1545],{"class":80},[47,26016,136],{"class":98},[47,26018,62],{"class":61},[47,26020,4957],{"class":65},[47,26022,128],{"class":61},[47,26024,420],{"class":98},[47,26026,1562],{"class":80},[47,26028,9500],{"class":98},[47,26030,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26032,17438],{"class":53},[47,26034,58],{"class":57},[47,26036,14760],{"class":53},[47,26038,445],{"class":98},[47,26040,17119],{"class":102},[47,26042,8836],{"class":98},[47,26044,26045],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,26046,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26048,26049,26051,26053,26055],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,26050,95],{"class":94},[47,26052,99],{"class":98},[47,26054,17119],{"class":102},[47,26056,106],{"class":98},[47,26058,26059],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26060,26061],{"class":3857},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26063,26064],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[38,26066,26068],{"className":40,"code":26067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26069,26070,26102,26120,26124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26071,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096,26098,26100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26073,9359],{"class":53},[47,26075,58],{"class":57},[47,26077,10683],{"class":98},[47,26079,128],{"class":61},[47,26081,594],{"class":65},[47,26083,128],{"class":61},[47,26085,420],{"class":98},[47,26087,1545],{"class":80},[47,26089,136],{"class":98},[47,26091,62],{"class":61},[47,26093,4957],{"class":65},[47,26095,128],{"class":61},[47,26097,420],{"class":98},[47,26099,1562],{"class":80},[47,26101,9500],{"class":98},[47,26103,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26105,17438],{"class":53},[47,26107,58],{"class":57},[47,26109,22757],{"class":1788},[47,26111,99],{"class":98},[47,26113,9396],{"class":102},[47,26115,445],{"class":98},[47,26117,17119],{"class":102},[47,26119,7389],{"class":98},[47,26121,26122],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,26123,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26125,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,26127,95],{"class":94},[47,26129,99],{"class":98},[47,26131,17119],{"class":102},[47,26133,4092],{"class":98},[47,26135,2321],{"class":80},[47,26137,4080],{"class":98},[33,26139,26141],{"id":26140},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26143,11306],{},[38,26145,26147],{"className":40,"code":26146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26148,26149,26163,26173,26187],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26150,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26152,95],{"class":94},[47,26154,99],{"class":98},[47,26156,1922],{"class":1788},[47,26158,99],{"class":98},[47,26160,11644],{"class":102},[47,26162,1796],{"class":98},[47,26164,26165,26167,26169,26171],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26166,95],{"class":94},[47,26168,99],{"class":98},[47,26170,11644],{"class":102},[47,26172,106],{"class":98},[47,26174,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,26176,95],{"class":94},[47,26178,99],{"class":98},[47,26180,11644],{"class":102},[47,26182,445],{"class":98},[47,26184,17119],{"class":102},[47,26186,7389],{"class":98},[47,26188,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201,26203],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,26190,95],{"class":94},[47,26192,99],{"class":98},[47,26194,8288],{"class":1788},[47,26196,99],{"class":98},[47,26198,11644],{"class":102},[47,26200,445],{"class":98},[47,26202,17119],{"class":102},[47,26204,6483],{"class":98},[20,26206,26207],{},"These help you confirm:",[187,26209,26210,26213,26216,26221],{},[190,26211,26212],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[190,26214,26215],{},"what data it contains",[190,26217,26218,26219,11901],{},"what ",[15,26220,17261],{},[190,26222,26223],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[33,26225,1969],{"id":1968},[447,26227,24116,26229,5342],{"id":26228},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26230,17261],{},[20,26232,17618,26233,26235],{},[15,26234,17210],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[447,26237,15097,26239,26242],{"id":26238},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26240,26241],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26244,26245,26246,26248,26249,445],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26247,17210],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26250,26251],{},"list(dict.keys())",[447,26253,26255,26256,2009],{"id":26254},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26257,26241],{},[20,26259,26260,26261,26263],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26262,1462],{}," loop.",[447,26265,26267,26268,26270],{"id":26266},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26269,17261],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26272,26273,26274,26276],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26275,17261],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[447,26278,26280],{"id":26279},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26282,167,26283,445],{},[15,26284,26285],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[33,26287,2075],{"id":2074},[187,26289,26290,26295,26301,26307,26313,26317],{},[190,26291,26292],{},[594,26293,26294],{"href":9582},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[190,26296,26297],{},[594,26298,10930,26299,10934],{"href":17264},[15,26300,17267],{},[190,26302,26303],{},[594,26304,10930,26305,10934],{"href":17271},[15,26306,17274],{},[190,26308,26309],{},[594,26310,26312],{"href":26311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[190,26314,26315],{},[594,26316,17350],{"href":17349},[190,26318,26319],{},[594,26320,26321,26322,25882],{"href":25877},"How to fix ",[15,26323,25881],{},[2110,26325,26326],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":26328},[26329,26330,26332,26333,26334,26335,26336,26338,26347,26348,26349,26360],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":24447,"depth":72,"text":26331},"What keys() does",{"id":5981,"depth":72,"text":5982},{"id":5625,"depth":72,"text":5626},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":25137,"depth":72,"text":25138},{"id":25293,"depth":72,"text":26337},"When to use keys()",{"id":25555,"depth":72,"text":25556,"children":26339},[26340,26342,26344,26346],{"id":25564,"depth":84,"text":26341},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25670,"depth":84,"text":26343},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25814,"depth":84,"text":26345},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25885,"depth":84,"text":25886},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":26140,"depth":72,"text":26141},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":26350},[26351,26353,26355,26357,26359],{"id":26228,"depth":84,"text":26352},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26238,"depth":84,"text":26354},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26254,"depth":84,"text":26356},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26266,"depth":84,"text":26358},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26279,"depth":84,"text":26280},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24269,"description":26361},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26367,"title":26368,"body":26369,"description":28642,"extension":2167,"meta":28643,"navigation":87,"path":28644,"seo":28645,"stem":28646,"__hash__":28647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26370,"toc":28595},[26371,26376,26381,26384,26386,26532,26545,26550,26554,26568,26570,26673,26682,26684,26687,26725,26750,26752,26859,26861,26868,26871,26879,26881,27022,27030,27035,27039,27050,27052,27214,27217,27225,27232,27238,27335,27341,27418,27421,27433,27438,27444,27447,27451,27540,27543,27547,27651,27658,27745,27754,27756,27761,27767,27770,27816,27819,27885,27894,27900,27993,27999,28005,28048,28051,28116,28122,28214,28217,28221,28227,28252,28255,28351,28358,28360,28365,28456,28458,28486,28491,28493,28500,28503,28507,28517,28522,28525,28532,28542,28549,28557,28559,28592],[10,26372,11512,26374,11516],{"id":26373},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26375,12957],{},[20,26377,26378,26380],{},[15,26379,12764],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26382,26383],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[33,26385,3800],{"id":3799},[38,26387,26389],{"className":40,"code":26388,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26390,26391,26427,26451,26465,26478,26482,26487,26519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26392,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26394,13398],{"class":53},[47,26396,58],{"class":57},[47,26398,10683],{"class":98},[47,26400,128],{"class":61},[47,26402,103],{"class":65},[47,26404,128],{"class":61},[47,26406,420],{"class":98},[47,26408,62],{"class":61},[47,26410,13075],{"class":65},[47,26412,128],{"class":61},[47,26414,136],{"class":98},[47,26416,62],{"class":61},[47,26418,116],{"class":65},[47,26420,128],{"class":61},[47,26422,420],{"class":98},[47,26424,9497],{"class":80},[47,26426,9500],{"class":98},[47,26428,26429,26432,26434,26436,26438,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26430,26431],{"class":53},"removed_age ",[47,26433,58],{"class":57},[47,26435,13441],{"class":53},[47,26437,445],{"class":98},[47,26439,26440],{"class":102},"pop",[47,26442,99],{"class":98},[47,26444,128],{"class":61},[47,26446,116],{"class":65},[47,26448,128],{"class":61},[47,26450,106],{"class":98},[47,26452,26453,26455,26457,26460,26462],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,26454,95],{"class":94},[47,26456,99],{"class":98},[47,26458,26459],{"class":102},"removed_age",[47,26461,3854],{"class":98},[47,26463,26464],{"class":3857},"   # 25\n",[47,26466,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,26468,95],{"class":94},[47,26470,99],{"class":98},[47,26472,17503],{"class":102},[47,26474,3854],{"class":98},[47,26476,26477],{"class":3857},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[47,26479,26480],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26481,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26483,26484],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,26485,26486],{"class":3857},"# Safe version with default value\n",[47,26488,26489,26492,26494,26496,26498,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26515,26517],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,26490,26491],{"class":53},"country ",[47,26493,58],{"class":57},[47,26495,13441],{"class":53},[47,26497,445],{"class":98},[47,26499,26440],{"class":102},[47,26501,99],{"class":98},[47,26503,128],{"class":61},[47,26505,15456],{"class":65},[47,26507,128],{"class":61},[47,26509,136],{"class":98},[47,26511,62],{"class":61},[47,26513,26514],{"class":65},"Not found",[47,26516,128],{"class":61},[47,26518,106],{"class":98},[47,26520,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,26522,95],{"class":94},[47,26524,99],{"class":98},[47,26526,15456],{"class":102},[47,26528,3854],{"class":98},[47,26530,26531],{"class":3857},"       # Not found\n",[20,26533,167,26534,26537,26538,26541,26542,26544],{},[15,26535,26536],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26539,26540],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26543,19884],{}," when the key might not exist.",[33,26546,174,26548,177],{"id":26547},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26549,12764],{},[20,26551,26552,420],{},[15,26553,12764],{},[187,26555,26556,26559,26562,26565],{},[190,26557,26558],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[190,26560,26561],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[190,26563,26564],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[190,26566,26567],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26569,204],{},[38,26571,26573],{"className":40,"code":26572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26574,26575,26615,26619,26642,26646,26660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26576,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26578,11683],{"class":53},[47,26580,58],{"class":57},[47,26582,10683],{"class":98},[47,26584,128],{"class":61},[47,26586,103],{"class":65},[47,26588,128],{"class":61},[47,26590,420],{"class":98},[47,26592,62],{"class":61},[47,26594,13415],{"class":65},[47,26596,128],{"class":61},[47,26598,136],{"class":98},[47,26600,62],{"class":61},[47,26602,10601],{"class":65},[47,26604,128],{"class":61},[47,26606,420],{"class":98},[47,26608,62],{"class":61},[47,26610,10608],{"class":65},[47,26612,128],{"class":61},[47,26614,9500],{"class":98},[47,26616,26617],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26618,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26620,26621,26624,26626,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,26622,26623],{"class":53},"removed_city ",[47,26625,58],{"class":57},[47,26627,11766],{"class":53},[47,26629,445],{"class":98},[47,26631,26440],{"class":102},[47,26633,99],{"class":98},[47,26635,128],{"class":61},[47,26637,10601],{"class":65},[47,26639,128],{"class":61},[47,26641,106],{"class":98},[47,26643,26644],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,26645,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26647,26648,26650,26652,26655,26657],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26649,95],{"class":94},[47,26651,99],{"class":98},[47,26653,26654],{"class":102},"removed_city",[47,26656,3854],{"class":98},[47,26658,26659],{"class":3857},"  # Paris\n",[47,26661,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,26663,95],{"class":94},[47,26665,99],{"class":98},[47,26667,11777],{"class":102},[47,26669,3854],{"class":98},[47,26671,26672],{"class":3857},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26674,20968,26675,26678,26679,445],{},[15,26676,26677],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26680,26681],{},"\"Paris\"",[33,26683,290],{"id":289},[20,26685,26686],{},"There are two common forms:",[38,26688,26690],{"className":40,"code":26689,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26691,26692,26706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26693,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26695,11644],{"class":53},[47,26697,445],{"class":98},[47,26699,26440],{"class":102},[47,26701,99],{"class":98},[47,26703,15035],{"class":102},[47,26705,106],{"class":98},[47,26707,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26723],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26709,11644],{"class":53},[47,26711,445],{"class":98},[47,26713,26440],{"class":102},[47,26715,99],{"class":98},[47,26717,15035],{"class":102},[47,26719,136],{"class":98},[47,26721,26722],{"class":102}," default",[47,26724,106],{"class":98},[187,26726,26727,26733,26741,26747],{},[190,26728,26729,26732],{},[15,26730,26731],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[190,26734,26735,26737,26738,26740],{},[15,26736,26731],{}," raises ",[15,26739,19884],{}," if the key is missing",[190,26742,26743,26746],{},[15,26744,26745],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[190,26748,26749],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26751,204],{},[38,26753,26755],{"className":40,"code":26754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26756,26757,26789,26793,26818,26846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26758,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26760,5261],{"class":53},[47,26762,58],{"class":57},[47,26764,10683],{"class":98},[47,26766,128],{"class":61},[47,26768,18613],{"class":65},[47,26770,128],{"class":61},[47,26772,420],{"class":98},[47,26774,20095],{"class":80},[47,26776,136],{"class":98},[47,26778,62],{"class":61},[47,26780,18622],{"class":65},[47,26782,128],{"class":61},[47,26784,420],{"class":98},[47,26786,13701],{"class":80},[47,26788,9500],{"class":98},[47,26790,26791],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26792,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26794,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,26796,95],{"class":94},[47,26798,99],{"class":98},[47,26800,16584],{"class":102},[47,26802,445],{"class":98},[47,26804,26440],{"class":102},[47,26806,99],{"class":98},[47,26808,128],{"class":61},[47,26810,18613],{"class":65},[47,26812,128],{"class":61},[47,26814,5556],{"class":98},[47,26816,26817],{"class":3857},"         # 90\n",[47,26819,26820,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,26821,95],{"class":94},[47,26823,99],{"class":98},[47,26825,16584],{"class":102},[47,26827,445],{"class":98},[47,26829,26440],{"class":102},[47,26831,99],{"class":98},[47,26833,128],{"class":61},[47,26835,18631],{"class":65},[47,26837,128],{"class":61},[47,26839,136],{"class":98},[47,26841,4026],{"class":80},[47,26843,5556],{"class":98},[47,26845,20965],{"class":3857},[47,26847,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26849,95],{"class":94},[47,26851,99],{"class":98},[47,26853,16584],{"class":102},[47,26855,3854],{"class":98},[47,26857,26858],{"class":3857},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[33,26860,17615],{"id":17614},[20,26862,26863,14248,26865,26867],{},[15,26864,12957],{},[280,26866,4826],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26869,26870],{},"Instead, it returns:",[187,26872,26873,26876],{},[190,26874,26875],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[190,26877,26878],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26880,204],{},[38,26882,26884],{"className":40,"code":26883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26885,26886,26918,26922,26945,26977,26981,26995,27009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,26887,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,26889,9359],{"class":53},[47,26891,58],{"class":57},[47,26893,10683],{"class":98},[47,26895,128],{"class":61},[47,26897,594],{"class":65},[47,26899,128],{"class":61},[47,26901,420],{"class":98},[47,26903,373],{"class":80},[47,26905,136],{"class":98},[47,26907,62],{"class":61},[47,26909,4957],{"class":65},[47,26911,128],{"class":61},[47,26913,420],{"class":98},[47,26915,7986],{"class":80},[47,26917,9500],{"class":98},[47,26919,26920],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,26921,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26923,26924,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,26925,26926],{"class":53},"result1 ",[47,26928,58],{"class":57},[47,26930,14760],{"class":53},[47,26932,445],{"class":98},[47,26934,26440],{"class":102},[47,26936,99],{"class":98},[47,26938,128],{"class":61},[47,26940,594],{"class":65},[47,26942,128],{"class":61},[47,26944,106],{"class":98},[47,26946,26947,26950,26952,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26973,26975],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,26948,26949],{"class":53},"result2 ",[47,26951,58],{"class":57},[47,26953,14760],{"class":53},[47,26955,445],{"class":98},[47,26957,26440],{"class":102},[47,26959,99],{"class":98},[47,26961,128],{"class":61},[47,26963,9931],{"class":65},[47,26965,128],{"class":61},[47,26967,136],{"class":98},[47,26969,62],{"class":61},[47,26971,26972],{"class":65},"missing",[47,26974,128],{"class":61},[47,26976,106],{"class":98},[47,26978,26979],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,26980,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,26982,26983,26985,26987,26990,26992],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,26984,95],{"class":94},[47,26986,99],{"class":98},[47,26988,26989],{"class":102},"result1",[47,26991,3854],{"class":98},[47,26993,26994],{"class":3857},"  # 10\n",[47,26996,26997,26999,27001,27004,27006],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,26998,95],{"class":94},[47,27000,99],{"class":98},[47,27002,27003],{"class":102},"result2",[47,27005,3854],{"class":98},[47,27007,27008],{"class":3857},"  # missing\n",[47,27010,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,27012,95],{"class":94},[47,27014,99],{"class":98},[47,27016,9396],{"class":102},[47,27018,3854],{"class":98},[47,27020,27021],{"class":3857},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27023,27024,27025,6825],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[594,27026,27027],{"href":10929},[15,27028,27029],{},"dict.get()",[33,27031,5158,27033],{"id":27032},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27034,12957],{},[20,27036,167,27037,10794],{},[15,27038,12957],{},[187,27040,27041,27044,27047],{},[190,27042,27043],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[190,27045,27046],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[190,27048,27049],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27051,204],{},[38,27053,27055],{"className":40,"code":27054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27056,27057,27109,27113,27140,27144,27168,27172,27186,27200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27058,27059,27061,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27093,27095,27097,27100,27102,27104,27107],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27060,25322],{"class":53},[47,27062,58],{"class":57},[47,27064,10683],{"class":98},[47,27066,128],{"class":61},[47,27068,103],{"class":65},[47,27070,128],{"class":61},[47,27072,420],{"class":98},[47,27074,62],{"class":61},[47,27076,27077],{"class":65},"Laptop",[47,27079,128],{"class":61},[47,27081,136],{"class":98},[47,27083,62],{"class":61},[47,27085,25348],{"class":65},[47,27087,128],{"class":61},[47,27089,420],{"class":98},[47,27091,27092],{"class":80}," 1200",[47,27094,136],{"class":98},[47,27096,62],{"class":61},[47,27098,27099],{"class":65},"discount",[47,27101,128],{"class":61},[47,27103,420],{"class":98},[47,27105,27106],{"class":80}," 200",[47,27108,9500],{"class":98},[47,27110,27111],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27112,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27114,27115,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,27116,27117],{"class":53},"discount_amount ",[47,27119,58],{"class":57},[47,27121,25400],{"class":53},[47,27123,445],{"class":98},[47,27125,26440],{"class":102},[47,27127,99],{"class":98},[47,27129,128],{"class":61},[47,27131,27099],{"class":65},[47,27133,128],{"class":61},[47,27135,136],{"class":98},[47,27137,4026],{"class":80},[47,27139,106],{"class":98},[47,27141,27142],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,27143,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27145,27146,27149,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27147,27148],{"class":53},"final_price ",[47,27150,58],{"class":57},[47,27152,25400],{"class":53},[47,27154,4092],{"class":98},[47,27156,128],{"class":61},[47,27158,25348],{"class":65},[47,27160,128],{"class":61},[47,27162,13467],{"class":98},[47,27164,2422],{"class":57},[47,27166,27167],{"class":53}," discount_amount\n",[47,27169,27170],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,27171,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27173,27174,27176,27178,27181,27183],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,27175,95],{"class":94},[47,27177,99],{"class":98},[47,27179,27180],{"class":102},"discount_amount",[47,27182,3854],{"class":98},[47,27184,27185],{"class":3857},"  # 200\n",[47,27187,27188,27190,27192,27195,27197],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,27189,95],{"class":94},[47,27191,99],{"class":98},[47,27193,27194],{"class":102},"final_price",[47,27196,3854],{"class":98},[47,27198,27199],{"class":3857},"      # 1000\n",[47,27201,27202,27204,27206,27209,27211],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,27203,95],{"class":94},[47,27205,99],{"class":98},[47,27207,27208],{"class":102},"product",[47,27210,3854],{"class":98},[47,27212,27213],{"class":3857},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27215,27216],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[33,27218,27220,10778,27222],{"id":27219},"pop-vs-del",[15,27221,12957],{},[15,27223,27224],{},"del",[20,27226,10783,27227,839,27229,27231],{},[15,27228,12957],{},[15,27230,27224],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[447,27233,167,27235,27237],{"id":27234},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27236,12957],{}," when you need the removed value",[38,27239,27241],{"className":40,"code":27240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27242,27243,27279,27283,27305,27309,27322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27244,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27246,13398],{"class":53},[47,27248,58],{"class":57},[47,27250,10683],{"class":98},[47,27252,128],{"class":61},[47,27254,103],{"class":65},[47,27256,128],{"class":61},[47,27258,420],{"class":98},[47,27260,62],{"class":61},[47,27262,13075],{"class":65},[47,27264,128],{"class":61},[47,27266,136],{"class":98},[47,27268,62],{"class":61},[47,27270,116],{"class":65},[47,27272,128],{"class":61},[47,27274,420],{"class":98},[47,27276,9497],{"class":80},[47,27278,9500],{"class":98},[47,27280,27281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27282,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27284,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,27286,75],{"class":53},[47,27288,58],{"class":57},[47,27290,13441],{"class":53},[47,27292,445],{"class":98},[47,27294,26440],{"class":102},[47,27296,99],{"class":98},[47,27298,128],{"class":61},[47,27300,116],{"class":65},[47,27302,128],{"class":61},[47,27304,106],{"class":98},[47,27306,27307],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,27308,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27310,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27312,95],{"class":94},[47,27314,99],{"class":98},[47,27316,116],{"class":102},[47,27318,3854],{"class":98},[47,27320,27321],{"class":3857},"     # 25\n",[47,27323,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,27325,95],{"class":94},[47,27327,99],{"class":98},[47,27329,17503],{"class":102},[47,27331,3854],{"class":98},[47,27333,27334],{"class":3857},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[447,27336,167,27338,27340],{"id":27337},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27339,27224],{}," when you only want deletion",[38,27342,27344],{"className":40,"code":27343,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27345,27346,27382,27386,27402,27406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27347,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27349,13398],{"class":53},[47,27351,58],{"class":57},[47,27353,10683],{"class":98},[47,27355,128],{"class":61},[47,27357,103],{"class":65},[47,27359,128],{"class":61},[47,27361,420],{"class":98},[47,27363,62],{"class":61},[47,27365,13075],{"class":65},[47,27367,128],{"class":61},[47,27369,136],{"class":98},[47,27371,62],{"class":61},[47,27373,116],{"class":65},[47,27375,128],{"class":61},[47,27377,420],{"class":98},[47,27379,9497],{"class":80},[47,27381,9500],{"class":98},[47,27383,27384],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27385,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27387,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,27389,27224],{"class":1461},[47,27391,13441],{"class":53},[47,27393,4092],{"class":98},[47,27395,128],{"class":61},[47,27397,116],{"class":65},[47,27399,128],{"class":61},[47,27401,3828],{"class":98},[47,27403,27404],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,27405,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27407,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27409,95],{"class":94},[47,27411,99],{"class":98},[47,27413,17503],{"class":102},[47,27415,3854],{"class":98},[47,27417,27334],{"class":3857},[20,27419,27420],{},"Difference:",[187,27422,27423,27428],{},[190,27424,27425,27427],{},[15,27426,12957],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[190,27429,27430,27432],{},[15,27431,27224],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27434,27435,27436,445],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[594,27437,12769],{"href":12768},[33,27439,27441,27442],{"id":27440},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27443,19884],{},[20,27445,27446],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[447,27448,27450],{"id":27449},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[38,27452,27454],{"className":40,"code":27453,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27455,27456,27481,27485,27511,27515,27527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27457,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466,27468,27470,27472,27474,27477,27479],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27459,11920],{"class":53},[47,27461,58],{"class":57},[47,27463,10683],{"class":98},[47,27465,128],{"class":61},[47,27467,103],{"class":65},[47,27469,128],{"class":61},[47,27471,420],{"class":98},[47,27473,62],{"class":61},[47,27475,27476],{"class":65},"Sara",[47,27478,128],{"class":61},[47,27480,9500],{"class":98},[47,27482,27483],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27484,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27486,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,27488,2644],{"class":53},[47,27490,58],{"class":57},[47,27492,11962],{"class":53},[47,27494,445],{"class":98},[47,27496,26440],{"class":102},[47,27498,99],{"class":98},[47,27500,128],{"class":61},[47,27502,116],{"class":65},[47,27504,128],{"class":61},[47,27506,136],{"class":98},[47,27508,4045],{"class":1334},[47,27510,106],{"class":98},[47,27512,27513],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,27514,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27516,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27518,95],{"class":94},[47,27520,99],{"class":98},[47,27522,2668],{"class":102},[47,27524,3854],{"class":98},[47,27526,20758],{"class":3857},[47,27528,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,27530,95],{"class":94},[47,27532,99],{"class":98},[47,27534,11644],{"class":102},[47,27536,3854],{"class":98},[47,27538,27539],{"class":3857}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27541,27542],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[447,27544,27546],{"id":27545},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[38,27548,27550],{"className":40,"code":27549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27551,27552,27576,27580,27596,27619,27629,27636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27553,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27555,11920],{"class":53},[47,27557,58],{"class":57},[47,27559,10683],{"class":98},[47,27561,128],{"class":61},[47,27563,103],{"class":65},[47,27565,128],{"class":61},[47,27567,420],{"class":98},[47,27569,62],{"class":61},[47,27571,27476],{"class":65},[47,27573,128],{"class":61},[47,27575,9500],{"class":98},[47,27577,27578],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27579,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27581,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,27583,7192],{"class":1461},[47,27585,62],{"class":61},[47,27587,116],{"class":65},[47,27589,128],{"class":61},[47,27591,21371],{"class":57},[47,27593,11962],{"class":53},[47,27595,6586],{"class":98},[47,27597,27598,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,27599,27600],{"class":53},"    value ",[47,27602,58],{"class":57},[47,27604,11962],{"class":53},[47,27606,445],{"class":98},[47,27608,26440],{"class":102},[47,27610,99],{"class":98},[47,27612,128],{"class":61},[47,27614,116],{"class":65},[47,27616,128],{"class":61},[47,27618,106],{"class":98},[47,27620,27621,27623,27625,27627],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27622,1499],{"class":94},[47,27624,99],{"class":98},[47,27626,2668],{"class":102},[47,27628,106],{"class":98},[47,27630,27631,27634],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,27632,27633],{"class":1461},"else",[47,27635,6586],{"class":98},[47,27637,27638,27640,27642,27644,27647,27649],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,27639,1499],{"class":94},[47,27641,99],{"class":98},[47,27643,128],{"class":61},[47,27645,27646],{"class":65},"Key not found",[47,27648,128],{"class":61},[47,27650,106],{"class":98},[447,27652,27654,27655,27657],{"id":27653},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27656,10933],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[38,27659,27661],{"className":40,"code":27660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27662,27663,27687,27691,27717,27721,27733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27664,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683,27685],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27666,11920],{"class":53},[47,27668,58],{"class":57},[47,27670,10683],{"class":98},[47,27672,128],{"class":61},[47,27674,103],{"class":65},[47,27676,128],{"class":61},[47,27678,420],{"class":98},[47,27680,62],{"class":61},[47,27682,27476],{"class":65},[47,27684,128],{"class":61},[47,27686,9500],{"class":98},[47,27688,27689],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27690,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27692,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,27694,2644],{"class":53},[47,27696,58],{"class":57},[47,27698,11962],{"class":53},[47,27700,445],{"class":98},[47,27702,19947],{"class":102},[47,27704,99],{"class":98},[47,27706,128],{"class":61},[47,27708,116],{"class":65},[47,27710,128],{"class":61},[47,27712,136],{"class":98},[47,27714,4045],{"class":1334},[47,27716,106],{"class":98},[47,27718,27719],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,27720,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27722,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27724,95],{"class":94},[47,27726,99],{"class":98},[47,27728,2668],{"class":102},[47,27730,3854],{"class":98},[47,27732,20758],{"class":3857},[47,27734,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,27736,95],{"class":94},[47,27738,99],{"class":98},[47,27740,11644],{"class":102},[47,27742,3854],{"class":98},[47,27744,27539],{"class":3857},[20,27746,167,27747,27751,27752,445],{},[594,27748,27749],{"href":10929},[15,27750,27029],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[594,27753,11456],{"href":11267},[33,27755,4713],{"id":4712},[20,27757,27758,27759,445],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27760,12764],{},[447,27762,25973,27764,27766],{"id":27763},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27765,12957],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27768,27769],{},"Lists use indexes:",[38,27771,27773],{"className":40,"code":27772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27774,27775,27795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27776,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27778,3810],{"class":53},[47,27780,58],{"class":57},[47,27782,3815],{"class":98},[47,27784,582],{"class":80},[47,27786,136],{"class":98},[47,27788,7986],{"class":80},[47,27790,136],{"class":98},[47,27792,7991],{"class":80},[47,27794,3828],{"class":98},[47,27796,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27798,95],{"class":94},[47,27800,99],{"class":98},[47,27802,195],{"class":102},[47,27804,445],{"class":98},[47,27806,26440],{"class":102},[47,27808,99],{"class":98},[47,27810,1476],{"class":80},[47,27812,5556],{"class":98},[47,27814,27815],{"class":3857},"  # 20\n",[20,27817,27818],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[38,27820,27822],{"className":40,"code":27821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27823,27824,27860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27825,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27827,13398],{"class":53},[47,27829,58],{"class":57},[47,27831,10683],{"class":98},[47,27833,128],{"class":61},[47,27835,103],{"class":65},[47,27837,128],{"class":61},[47,27839,420],{"class":98},[47,27841,62],{"class":61},[47,27843,13075],{"class":65},[47,27845,128],{"class":61},[47,27847,136],{"class":98},[47,27849,62],{"class":61},[47,27851,116],{"class":65},[47,27853,128],{"class":61},[47,27855,420],{"class":98},[47,27857,9497],{"class":80},[47,27859,9500],{"class":98},[47,27861,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27863,95],{"class":94},[47,27865,99],{"class":98},[47,27867,17503],{"class":102},[47,27869,445],{"class":98},[47,27871,26440],{"class":102},[47,27873,99],{"class":98},[47,27875,128],{"class":61},[47,27877,116],{"class":65},[47,27879,128],{"class":61},[47,27881,5556],{"class":98},[47,27883,27884],{"class":3857},"  # 25\n",[20,27886,27887,27888,27890,27891,27893],{},"A dictionary does ",[280,27889,4826],{}," use positions with ",[15,27892,12957],{},". It uses keys.",[447,27895,4900,27897,27899],{"id":27896},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27898,12957],{}," changes the original dictionary",[38,27901,27903],{"className":40,"code":27902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27904,27905,27937,27941,27963,27967,27980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,27906,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,27908,9359],{"class":53},[47,27910,58],{"class":57},[47,27912,10683],{"class":98},[47,27914,128],{"class":61},[47,27916,2374],{"class":65},[47,27918,128],{"class":61},[47,27920,420],{"class":98},[47,27922,1545],{"class":80},[47,27924,136],{"class":98},[47,27926,62],{"class":61},[47,27928,11941],{"class":65},[47,27930,128],{"class":61},[47,27932,420],{"class":98},[47,27934,1562],{"class":80},[47,27936,9500],{"class":98},[47,27938,27939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,27940,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27942,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,27944,2644],{"class":53},[47,27946,58],{"class":57},[47,27948,14760],{"class":53},[47,27950,445],{"class":98},[47,27952,26440],{"class":102},[47,27954,99],{"class":98},[47,27956,128],{"class":61},[47,27958,2374],{"class":65},[47,27960,128],{"class":61},[47,27962,106],{"class":98},[47,27964,27965],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,27966,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,27968,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,27970,95],{"class":94},[47,27972,99],{"class":98},[47,27974,2668],{"class":102},[47,27976,3854],{"class":98},[47,27978,27979],{"class":3857},"  # 1\n",[47,27981,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,27983,95],{"class":94},[47,27985,99],{"class":98},[47,27987,9396],{"class":102},[47,27989,3854],{"class":98},[47,27991,27992],{"class":3857},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27994,27995,27996,27998],{},"After ",[15,27997,12957],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[447,28000,1654,28002,28004],{"id":28001},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28003,12957],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[38,28006,28008],{"className":40,"code":28007,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28009,28010,28034,28038,28043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28011,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28013,9359],{"class":53},[47,28015,58],{"class":57},[47,28017,10683],{"class":98},[47,28019,128],{"class":61},[47,28021,103],{"class":65},[47,28023,128],{"class":61},[47,28025,420],{"class":98},[47,28027,62],{"class":61},[47,28029,66],{"class":65},[47,28031,128],{"class":61},[47,28033,9500],{"class":98},[47,28035,28036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28037,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,28039,28040],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,28041,28042],{"class":3857},"# This causes an error\n",[47,28044,28045],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,28046,28047],{"class":3857},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28049,28050],{},"Safer version:",[38,28052,28054],{"className":40,"code":28053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28055,28056,28080,28084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28057,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28059,9359],{"class":53},[47,28061,58],{"class":57},[47,28063,10683],{"class":98},[47,28065,128],{"class":61},[47,28067,103],{"class":65},[47,28069,128],{"class":61},[47,28071,420],{"class":98},[47,28073,62],{"class":61},[47,28075,66],{"class":65},[47,28077,128],{"class":61},[47,28079,9500],{"class":98},[47,28081,28082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28083,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,28085,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,28087,95],{"class":94},[47,28089,99],{"class":98},[47,28091,9396],{"class":102},[47,28093,445],{"class":98},[47,28095,26440],{"class":102},[47,28097,99],{"class":98},[47,28099,128],{"class":61},[47,28101,116],{"class":65},[47,28103,128],{"class":61},[47,28105,136],{"class":98},[47,28107,62],{"class":61},[47,28109,26972],{"class":65},[47,28111,128],{"class":61},[47,28113,5556],{"class":98},[47,28115,27008],{"class":3857},[447,28117,1807,28119,28121],{"id":28118},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28120,12957],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[38,28123,28125],{"className":40,"code":28124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28126,28127,28159,28163,28185,28189,28201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28128,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28130,9359],{"class":53},[47,28132,58],{"class":57},[47,28134,10683],{"class":98},[47,28136,128],{"class":61},[47,28138,594],{"class":65},[47,28140,128],{"class":61},[47,28142,420],{"class":98},[47,28144,1545],{"class":80},[47,28146,136],{"class":98},[47,28148,62],{"class":61},[47,28150,4957],{"class":65},[47,28152,128],{"class":61},[47,28154,420],{"class":98},[47,28156,1562],{"class":80},[47,28158,9500],{"class":98},[47,28160,28161],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28162,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,28164,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,28166,1290],{"class":53},[47,28168,58],{"class":57},[47,28170,14760],{"class":53},[47,28172,445],{"class":98},[47,28174,26440],{"class":102},[47,28176,99],{"class":98},[47,28178,128],{"class":61},[47,28180,594],{"class":65},[47,28182,128],{"class":61},[47,28184,106],{"class":98},[47,28186,28187],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,28188,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,28190,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,28192,95],{"class":94},[47,28194,99],{"class":98},[47,28196,1315],{"class":102},[47,28198,3854],{"class":98},[47,28200,27979],{"class":3857},[47,28202,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,28204,95],{"class":94},[47,28206,99],{"class":98},[47,28208,9396],{"class":102},[47,28210,3854],{"class":98},[47,28212,28213],{"class":3857},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28215,28216],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[33,28218,28220],{"id":28219},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28222,28223,28224,28226],{},"Problems with ",[15,28225,12764],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[187,28228,28229,28232,28241,28244],{},[190,28230,28231],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[190,28233,28234,28235,28238,28239],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28236,28237],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28240,26536],{},[190,28242,28243],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[190,28245,28246,28247,11285,28249],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28248,1476],{},[15,28250,28251],{},"\"1\"",[20,28253,28254],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[38,28256,28258],{"className":40,"code":28257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28259,28260,28284,28288,28318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28261,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28263,9359],{"class":53},[47,28265,58],{"class":57},[47,28267,10683],{"class":98},[47,28269,128],{"class":61},[47,28271,1476],{"class":65},[47,28273,128],{"class":61},[47,28275,420],{"class":98},[47,28277,62],{"class":61},[47,28279,6779],{"class":65},[47,28281,128],{"class":61},[47,28283,9500],{"class":98},[47,28285,28286],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28287,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,28289,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28311,28313,28315],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,28291,95],{"class":94},[47,28293,99],{"class":98},[47,28295,9396],{"class":102},[47,28297,445],{"class":98},[47,28299,26440],{"class":102},[47,28301,99],{"class":98},[47,28303,1476],{"class":80},[47,28305,136],{"class":98},[47,28307,62],{"class":61},[47,28309,28310],{"class":65},"not found",[47,28312,128],{"class":61},[47,28314,5556],{"class":98},[47,28316,28317],{"class":3857},"    # not found\n",[47,28319,28320,28322,28324,28326,28328,28330,28332,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344,28346,28348],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,28321,95],{"class":94},[47,28323,99],{"class":98},[47,28325,9396],{"class":102},[47,28327,445],{"class":98},[47,28329,26440],{"class":102},[47,28331,99],{"class":98},[47,28333,128],{"class":61},[47,28335,1476],{"class":65},[47,28337,128],{"class":61},[47,28339,136],{"class":98},[47,28341,62],{"class":61},[47,28343,28310],{"class":65},[47,28345,128],{"class":61},[47,28347,5556],{"class":98},[47,28349,28350],{"class":3857},"  # one\n",[20,28352,28353,839,28355,28357],{},[15,28354,1476],{},[15,28356,28251],{}," are different keys.",[33,28359,9066],{"id":9065},[20,28361,1625,28362,28364],{},[15,28363,12957],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,28366,28368],{"className":40,"code":28367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28369,28370,28380,28394,28412,28442],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28371,28372,28374,28376,28378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28373,95],{"class":94},[47,28375,99],{"class":98},[47,28377,11644],{"class":102},[47,28379,106],{"class":98},[47,28381,28382,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28383,95],{"class":94},[47,28385,99],{"class":98},[47,28387,11644],{"class":102},[47,28389,445],{"class":98},[47,28391,17119],{"class":102},[47,28393,7389],{"class":98},[47,28395,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,28397,95],{"class":94},[47,28399,99],{"class":98},[47,28401,3493],{"class":61},[47,28403,103],{"class":65},[47,28405,3493],{"class":61},[47,28407,21371],{"class":1461},[47,28409,11962],{"class":102},[47,28411,106],{"class":98},[47,28413,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,28415,95],{"class":94},[47,28417,99],{"class":98},[47,28419,11644],{"class":102},[47,28421,445],{"class":98},[47,28423,26440],{"class":102},[47,28425,99],{"class":98},[47,28427,3493],{"class":61},[47,28429,103],{"class":65},[47,28431,3493],{"class":61},[47,28433,136],{"class":98},[47,28435,3488],{"class":61},[47,28437,26972],{"class":65},[47,28439,3493],{"class":61},[47,28441,1796],{"class":98},[47,28443,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,28445,95],{"class":94},[47,28447,99],{"class":98},[47,28449,1922],{"class":1788},[47,28451,99],{"class":98},[47,28453,11644],{"class":102},[47,28455,1796],{"class":98},[20,28457,21534],{},[187,28459,28460,28465,28470,28475,28481],{},[190,28461,28462,28464],{},[15,28463,12874],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[190,28466,28467,28469],{},[15,28468,21546],{}," shows all available keys",[190,28471,28472,28474],{},[15,28473,21552],{}," checks whether a key exists",[190,28476,28477,28480],{},[15,28478,28479],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[190,28482,28483,28485],{},[15,28484,12880],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28487,28488,28489,445],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[594,28490,9583],{"href":9582},[33,28492,1969],{"id":1968},[447,28494,28496,28497,28499],{"id":28495},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28498,12957],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28501,28502],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[447,28504,28506],{"id":28505},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28508,28509,26737,28511,28513,28514,28516],{},[15,28510,26536],{},[15,28512,19884],{},". ",[15,28515,26540],{}," returns the default value instead.",[447,28518,1973,28520,15090],{"id":28519},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28521,12957],{},[20,28523,28524],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[447,28526,28528,28529,28531],{"id":28527},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28530,12957],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28533,28534,28535,28537,28538,445],{},"Not with ",[15,28536,12764],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[594,28539,28540],{"href":12775},[15,28541,12964],{},[447,28543,2055,28545,839,28547,2009],{"id":28544},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28546,10933],{},[15,28548,12957],{},[20,28550,28551,28553,28554,28556],{},[15,28552,10933],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28555,12957],{}," reads and removes it.",[33,28558,2075],{"id":2074},[187,28560,28561,28567,28574,28578,28582,28586],{},[190,28562,28563],{},[594,28564,28565],{"href":10929},[15,28566,19865],{},[190,28568,28569],{},[594,28570,28571],{"href":12775},[15,28572,28573],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[190,28575,28576],{},[594,28577,12981],{"href":12768},[190,28579,28580],{},[594,28581,21655],{"href":16792},[190,28583,28584],{},[594,28585,11456],{"href":11267},[190,28587,28588],{},[594,28589,28591],{"href":28590},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2110,28593,28594],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":28596},[28597,28598,28600,28601,28602,28604,28611,28618,28628,28629,28630,28641],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":26547,"depth":72,"text":28599},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":27032,"depth":72,"text":28603},"When to use pop()",{"id":27219,"depth":72,"text":28605,"children":28606},"pop() vs del",[28607,28609],{"id":27234,"depth":84,"text":28608},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27337,"depth":84,"text":28610},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27440,"depth":72,"text":28612,"children":28613},"How to avoid KeyError",[28614,28615,28616],{"id":27449,"depth":84,"text":27450},{"id":27545,"depth":84,"text":27546},{"id":27653,"depth":84,"text":28617},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":28619},[28620,28622,28624,28626],{"id":27763,"depth":84,"text":28621},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27896,"depth":84,"text":28623},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28001,"depth":84,"text":28625},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28118,"depth":84,"text":28627},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28219,"depth":72,"text":28220},{"id":9065,"depth":72,"text":9066},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":28631},[28632,28634,28635,28637,28639],{"id":28495,"depth":84,"text":28633},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28505,"depth":84,"text":28506},{"id":28519,"depth":84,"text":28636},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28527,"depth":84,"text":28638},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28544,"depth":84,"text":28640},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26368,"description":28642},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28649,"title":28573,"body":28650,"description":30588,"extension":2167,"meta":30589,"navigation":87,"path":30590,"seo":30591,"stem":30592,"__hash__":30593},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28651,"toc":30552},[28652,28657,28662,28665,28673,28683,28685,28774,28778,28827,28832,28837,28841,28857,28860,28862,28877,28879,28895,28902,28906,28912,28921,28923,28992,28996,29017,29020,29039,29042,29065,29067,29070,29185,29189,29248,29255,29259,29264,29389,29393,29443,29446,29450,29457,29459,29522,29526,29547,29550,29559,29574,29582,29589,29593,29605,29609,29620,29622,29768,29772,29830,29837,29842,29846,29852,29875,29880,29899,29903,29974,29981,30054,30063,30068,30073,30084,30087,30224,30229,30261,30266,30268,30272,30332,30335,30392,30395,30438,30440,30445,30451,30457,30460,30467,30475,30480,30483,30490,30498,30500,30549],[10,28653,11512,28655,11516],{"id":28654},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28656,12964],{},[20,28658,850,28659,28661],{},[15,28660,12964],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28663,28664],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[187,28666,28667,28670],{},[190,28668,28669],{},"remove an item",[190,28671,28672],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28674,28675,28676,28678,28679,28682],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28677,12964],{}," removes the ",[280,28680,28681],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[33,28684,36],{"id":35},[38,28686,28688],{"className":40,"code":28687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28689,28690,28734,28750,28754,28764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28691,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28693,9359],{"class":53},[47,28695,58],{"class":57},[47,28697,10683],{"class":98},[47,28699,128],{"class":61},[47,28701,594],{"class":65},[47,28703,128],{"class":61},[47,28705,420],{"class":98},[47,28707,1545],{"class":80},[47,28709,136],{"class":98},[47,28711,62],{"class":61},[47,28713,4957],{"class":65},[47,28715,128],{"class":61},[47,28717,420],{"class":98},[47,28719,1562],{"class":80},[47,28721,136],{"class":98},[47,28723,62],{"class":61},[47,28725,9931],{"class":65},[47,28727,128],{"class":61},[47,28729,420],{"class":98},[47,28731,249],{"class":80},[47,28733,9500],{"class":98},[47,28735,28736,28739,28741,28743,28745,28748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28737,28738],{"class":53},"item ",[47,28740,58],{"class":57},[47,28742,14760],{"class":53},[47,28744,445],{"class":98},[47,28746,28747],{"class":102},"popitem",[47,28749,8836],{"class":98},[47,28751,28752],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,28753,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,28755,28756,28758,28760,28762],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,28757,95],{"class":94},[47,28759,99],{"class":98},[47,28761,23508],{"class":102},[47,28763,106],{"class":98},[47,28765,28766,28768,28770,28772],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,28767,95],{"class":94},[47,28769,99],{"class":98},[47,28771,9396],{"class":102},[47,28773,106],{"class":98},[20,28775,28776],{},[280,28777,144],{},[38,28779,28781],{"className":40,"code":28780,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28782,28783,28799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28784,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28786,99],{"class":98},[47,28788,3493],{"class":61},[47,28790,9931],{"class":65},[47,28792,3493],{"class":61},[47,28794,136],{"class":98},[47,28796,249],{"class":80},[47,28798,106],{"class":98},[47,28800,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813,28815,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28802,9470],{"class":98},[47,28804,3493],{"class":61},[47,28806,594],{"class":65},[47,28808,3493],{"class":61},[47,28810,420],{"class":98},[47,28812,1545],{"class":80},[47,28814,136],{"class":98},[47,28816,3488],{"class":61},[47,28818,4957],{"class":65},[47,28820,3493],{"class":61},[47,28822,420],{"class":98},[47,28824,1562],{"class":80},[47,28826,9500],{"class":98},[20,28828,28829,28831],{},[15,28830,12964],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[33,28833,174,28835,177],{"id":28834},"what-popitem-does",[15,28836,12964],{},[20,28838,28839,420],{},[15,28840,12964],{},[187,28842,28843,28846,28851,28854],{},[190,28844,28845],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[190,28847,28848,28849],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28850,21852],{},[190,28852,28853],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[190,28855,28856],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28858,28859],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[33,28861,290],{"id":289},[38,28863,28865],{"className":40,"code":28864,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28866,28867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28868,28869,28871,28873,28875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28870,15799],{"class":53},[47,28872,445],{"class":98},[47,28874,28747],{"class":102},[47,28876,8836],{"class":98},[20,28878,11653],{},[187,28880,28881,28889,28892],{},[190,28882,28883,28885,28886],{},[15,28884,12964],{}," takes ",[280,28887,28888],{},"no arguments",[190,28890,28891],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[190,28893,28894],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28896,28897,28898,6825],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[594,28899,28900],{"href":12761},[15,28901,12957],{},[33,28903,28905],{"id":28904},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28907,28908,28909,28911],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28910,12964],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28913,28914,28915,28918],"ol",{},[190,28916,28917],{},"the key",[190,28919,28920],{},"the value",[20,28922,204],{},[38,28924,28926],{"className":40,"code":28925,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28927,28928,28964,28978,28982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,28929,28930,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,28931,13398],{"class":53},[47,28933,58],{"class":57},[47,28935,10683],{"class":98},[47,28937,128],{"class":61},[47,28939,103],{"class":65},[47,28941,128],{"class":61},[47,28943,420],{"class":98},[47,28945,62],{"class":61},[47,28947,5201],{"class":65},[47,28949,128],{"class":61},[47,28951,136],{"class":98},[47,28953,62],{"class":61},[47,28955,116],{"class":65},[47,28957,128],{"class":61},[47,28959,420],{"class":98},[47,28961,9497],{"class":80},[47,28963,9500],{"class":98},[47,28965,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,28967,1290],{"class":53},[47,28969,58],{"class":57},[47,28971,13441],{"class":53},[47,28973,445],{"class":98},[47,28975,28747],{"class":102},[47,28977,8836],{"class":98},[47,28979,28980],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,28981,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,28983,28984,28986,28988,28990],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,28985,95],{"class":94},[47,28987,99],{"class":98},[47,28989,1315],{"class":102},[47,28991,106],{"class":98},[20,28993,28994],{},[280,28995,144],{},[38,28997,28999],{"className":40,"code":28998,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29000,29001],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29002,29003,29005,29007,29009,29011,29013,29015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29004,99],{"class":98},[47,29006,3493],{"class":61},[47,29008,116],{"class":65},[47,29010,3493],{"class":61},[47,29012,136],{"class":98},[47,29014,9497],{"class":80},[47,29016,106],{"class":98},[20,29018,29019],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[38,29021,29023],{"className":40,"code":29022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29024,29025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29026,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29028,1290],{"class":53},[47,29030,58],{"class":57},[47,29032,13441],{"class":53},[47,29034,445],{"class":98},[47,29036,28747],{"class":102},[47,29038,8836],{"class":98},[20,29040,29041],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[38,29043,29045],{"className":40,"code":29044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29046,29047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29048,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29050,15035],{"class":53},[47,29052,136],{"class":98},[47,29054,21782],{"class":53},[47,29056,58],{"class":57},[47,29058,13441],{"class":53},[47,29060,445],{"class":98},[47,29062,28747],{"class":102},[47,29064,8836],{"class":98},[33,29066,11670],{"id":11669},[20,29068,29069],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[38,29071,29073],{"className":40,"code":29072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29074,29075,29123,29127,29142,29146,29166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29076,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29107,29109,29111,29114,29116,29118,29121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29078,5261],{"class":53},[47,29080,58],{"class":57},[47,29082,10683],{"class":98},[47,29084,128],{"class":61},[47,29086,29087],{"class":65},"Tom",[47,29089,128],{"class":61},[47,29091,420],{"class":98},[47,29093,5273],{"class":80},[47,29095,136],{"class":98},[47,29097,62],{"class":61},[47,29099,13075],{"class":65},[47,29101,128],{"class":61},[47,29103,420],{"class":98},[47,29105,29106],{"class":80}," 95",[47,29108,136],{"class":98},[47,29110,62],{"class":61},[47,29112,29113],{"class":65},"Leo",[47,29115,128],{"class":61},[47,29117,420],{"class":98},[47,29119,29120],{"class":80}," 88",[47,29122,9500],{"class":98},[47,29124,29125],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29126,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29128,29129,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,29130,29131],{"class":53},"removed_pair ",[47,29133,58],{"class":57},[47,29135,5307],{"class":53},[47,29137,445],{"class":98},[47,29139,28747],{"class":102},[47,29141,8836],{"class":98},[47,29143,29144],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,29145,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29147,29148,29150,29152,29154,29157,29159,29161,29164],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29149,95],{"class":94},[47,29151,99],{"class":98},[47,29153,128],{"class":61},[47,29155,29156],{"class":65},"Removed:",[47,29158,128],{"class":61},[47,29160,136],{"class":98},[47,29162,29163],{"class":102}," removed_pair",[47,29165,106],{"class":98},[47,29167,29168,29170,29172,29174,29177,29179,29181,29183],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,29169,95],{"class":94},[47,29171,99],{"class":98},[47,29173,128],{"class":61},[47,29175,29176],{"class":65},"After removal:",[47,29178,128],{"class":61},[47,29180,136],{"class":98},[47,29182,5307],{"class":102},[47,29184,106],{"class":98},[20,29186,29187],{},[280,29188,144],{},[38,29190,29192],{"className":40,"code":29191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29193,29194,29215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29195,29196,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29197,29198],{"class":53},"Removed",[47,29200,420],{"class":98},[47,29202,9428],{"class":98},[47,29204,3493],{"class":61},[47,29206,29113],{"class":65},[47,29208,3493],{"class":61},[47,29210,136],{"class":98},[47,29212,29120],{"class":80},[47,29214,106],{"class":98},[47,29216,29217,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29218,29219],{"class":53},"After removal",[47,29221,420],{"class":98},[47,29223,10683],{"class":98},[47,29225,3493],{"class":61},[47,29227,29087],{"class":65},[47,29229,3493],{"class":61},[47,29231,420],{"class":98},[47,29233,5273],{"class":80},[47,29235,136],{"class":98},[47,29237,3488],{"class":61},[47,29239,13075],{"class":65},[47,29241,3493],{"class":61},[47,29243,420],{"class":98},[47,29245,29106],{"class":80},[47,29247,9500],{"class":98},[20,29249,29250,29251,29254],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29252,29253],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[33,29256,29258],{"id":29257},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29260,2012,29261,29263],{},[15,29262,12964],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[38,29265,29267],{"className":40,"code":29266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29268,29269,29305,29309,29328,29332,29351,29370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29270,29271,29273,29275,29277,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29289,29291,29293,29295,29297,29299,29301,29303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29272,15642],{"class":53},[47,29274,58],{"class":57},[47,29276,10683],{"class":98},[47,29278,128],{"class":61},[47,29280,15653],{"class":65},[47,29282,128],{"class":61},[47,29284,420],{"class":98},[47,29286,62],{"class":61},[47,29288,15662],{"class":65},[47,29290,128],{"class":61},[47,29292,136],{"class":98},[47,29294,62],{"class":61},[47,29296,15673],{"class":65},[47,29298,128],{"class":61},[47,29300,420],{"class":98},[47,29302,27106],{"class":80},[47,29304,9500],{"class":98},[47,29306,29307],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29308,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29310,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29322,29324,29326],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,29312,15035],{"class":53},[47,29314,136],{"class":98},[47,29316,21782],{"class":53},[47,29318,58],{"class":57},[47,29320,29321],{"class":53}," book",[47,29323,445],{"class":98},[47,29325,28747],{"class":102},[47,29327,8836],{"class":98},[47,29329,29330],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,29331,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29333,29334,29336,29338,29340,29343,29345,29347,29349],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29335,95],{"class":94},[47,29337,99],{"class":98},[47,29339,128],{"class":61},[47,29341,29342],{"class":65},"Key:",[47,29344,128],{"class":61},[47,29346,136],{"class":98},[47,29348,21777],{"class":102},[47,29350,106],{"class":98},[47,29352,29353,29355,29357,29359,29362,29364,29366,29368],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,29354,95],{"class":94},[47,29356,99],{"class":98},[47,29358,128],{"class":61},[47,29360,29361],{"class":65},"Value:",[47,29363,128],{"class":61},[47,29365,136],{"class":98},[47,29367,8626],{"class":102},[47,29369,106],{"class":98},[47,29371,29372,29374,29376,29378,29381,29383,29385,29387],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,29373,95],{"class":94},[47,29375,99],{"class":98},[47,29377,128],{"class":61},[47,29379,29380],{"class":65},"Dictionary:",[47,29382,128],{"class":61},[47,29384,136],{"class":98},[47,29386,29321],{"class":102},[47,29388,106],{"class":98},[20,29390,29391],{},[280,29392,144],{},[38,29394,29396],{"className":40,"code":29395,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29397,29398,29408,29418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29399,29400,29403,29405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29401,29402],{"class":53},"Key",[47,29404,420],{"class":98},[47,29406,29407],{"class":53}," pages\n",[47,29409,29410,29413,29415],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29411,29412],{"class":53},"Value",[47,29414,420],{"class":98},[47,29416,29417],{"class":80}," 200\n",[47,29419,29420,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,29421,29422],{"class":53},"Dictionary",[47,29424,420],{"class":98},[47,29426,10683],{"class":98},[47,29428,3493],{"class":61},[47,29430,15653],{"class":65},[47,29432,3493],{"class":61},[47,29434,420],{"class":98},[47,29436,3488],{"class":61},[47,29438,15662],{"class":65},[47,29440,3493],{"class":61},[47,29442,9500],{"class":98},[20,29444,29445],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[33,29447,29449],{"id":29448},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29451,29452,29453,28678,29455,445],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29454,12964],{},[280,29456,28681],{},[20,29458,204],{},[38,29460,29462],{"className":40,"code":29461,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29463,29464,29508],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29465,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29467,9359],{"class":53},[47,29469,58],{"class":57},[47,29471,10683],{"class":98},[47,29473,128],{"class":61},[47,29475,2374],{"class":65},[47,29477,128],{"class":61},[47,29479,420],{"class":98},[47,29481,1545],{"class":80},[47,29483,136],{"class":98},[47,29485,62],{"class":61},[47,29487,11941],{"class":65},[47,29489,128],{"class":61},[47,29491,420],{"class":98},[47,29493,1562],{"class":80},[47,29495,136],{"class":98},[47,29497,62],{"class":61},[47,29499,22274],{"class":65},[47,29501,128],{"class":61},[47,29503,420],{"class":98},[47,29505,249],{"class":80},[47,29507,9500],{"class":98},[47,29509,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29511,95],{"class":94},[47,29513,99],{"class":98},[47,29515,9396],{"class":102},[47,29517,445],{"class":98},[47,29519,28747],{"class":102},[47,29521,7389],{"class":98},[20,29523,29524],{},[280,29525,144],{},[38,29527,29529],{"className":40,"code":29528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29530,29531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29532,29533,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29534,99],{"class":98},[47,29536,3493],{"class":61},[47,29538,22274],{"class":65},[47,29540,3493],{"class":61},[47,29542,136],{"class":98},[47,29544,249],{"class":80},[47,29546,106],{"class":98},[20,29548,29549],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29551,29552,29553,29555,29556,29558],{},"As a beginner, do ",[280,29554,4826],{}," think of ",[15,29557,12964],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29560,29561,29562,2390,29566,17268,29570,445],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[594,29563,29564],{"href":17271},[15,29565,17274],{},[594,29567,29568],{"href":17258},[15,29569,17261],{},[594,29571,29572],{"href":17264},[15,29573,17267],{},[33,29575,29577,29578,839,29580],{"id":29576},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29579,12964],{},[15,29581,12957],{},[20,29583,29584,839,29586,29588],{},[15,29585,12964],{},[15,29587,12957],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[447,29590,29591],{"id":28747},[15,29592,12964],{},[187,29594,29595,29598,29601],{},[190,29596,29597],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[190,29599,29600],{},"does not need a key argument",[190,29602,282,29603],{},[15,29604,21852],{},[447,29606,29607],{"id":26440},[15,29608,12957],{},[187,29610,29611,29614,29617],{},[190,29612,29613],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[190,29615,29616],{},"needs the key name",[190,29618,29619],{},"returns only the value",[20,29621,204],{},[38,29623,29625],{"className":40,"code":29624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29626,29627,29671,29675,29689,29709,29713,29735,29754,29758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29628,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663,29665,29667,29669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29630,9359],{"class":53},[47,29632,58],{"class":57},[47,29634,10683],{"class":98},[47,29636,128],{"class":61},[47,29638,594],{"class":65},[47,29640,128],{"class":61},[47,29642,420],{"class":98},[47,29644,1545],{"class":80},[47,29646,136],{"class":98},[47,29648,62],{"class":61},[47,29650,4957],{"class":65},[47,29652,128],{"class":61},[47,29654,420],{"class":98},[47,29656,1562],{"class":80},[47,29658,136],{"class":98},[47,29660,62],{"class":61},[47,29662,9931],{"class":65},[47,29664,128],{"class":61},[47,29666,420],{"class":98},[47,29668,249],{"class":80},[47,29670,9500],{"class":98},[47,29672,29673],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29674,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29676,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685,29687],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,29678,28738],{"class":53},[47,29680,58],{"class":57},[47,29682,14760],{"class":53},[47,29684,445],{"class":98},[47,29686,28747],{"class":102},[47,29688,8836],{"class":98},[47,29690,29691,29693,29695,29697,29700,29702,29704,29707],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,29692,95],{"class":94},[47,29694,99],{"class":98},[47,29696,128],{"class":61},[47,29698,29699],{"class":65},"popitem():",[47,29701,128],{"class":61},[47,29703,136],{"class":98},[47,29705,29706],{"class":102}," item",[47,29708,106],{"class":98},[47,29710,29711],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29712,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29714,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,29716,2644],{"class":53},[47,29718,58],{"class":57},[47,29720,14760],{"class":53},[47,29722,445],{"class":98},[47,29724,26440],{"class":102},[47,29726,99],{"class":98},[47,29728,128],{"class":61},[47,29730,594],{"class":65},[47,29732,128],{"class":61},[47,29734,106],{"class":98},[47,29736,29737,29739,29741,29743,29746,29748,29750,29752],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,29738,95],{"class":94},[47,29740,99],{"class":98},[47,29742,128],{"class":61},[47,29744,29745],{"class":65},"pop('a'):",[47,29747,128],{"class":61},[47,29749,136],{"class":98},[47,29751,8626],{"class":102},[47,29753,106],{"class":98},[47,29755,29756],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,29757,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29759,29760,29762,29764,29766],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,29761,95],{"class":94},[47,29763,99],{"class":98},[47,29765,9396],{"class":102},[47,29767,106],{"class":98},[20,29769,29770],{},[280,29771,144],{},[38,29773,29775],{"className":40,"code":29774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29776,29777,29798,29814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29778,29779,29781,29784,29786,29788,29790,29792,29794,29796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29780,28747],{"class":102},[47,29782,29783],{"class":98},"():",[47,29785,9428],{"class":98},[47,29787,3493],{"class":61},[47,29789,9931],{"class":65},[47,29791,3493],{"class":61},[47,29793,136],{"class":98},[47,29795,249],{"class":80},[47,29797,106],{"class":98},[47,29799,29800,29802,29804,29806,29808,29810,29812],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29801,26440],{"class":102},[47,29803,99],{"class":98},[47,29805,3493],{"class":61},[47,29807,594],{"class":65},[47,29809,3493],{"class":61},[47,29811,16647],{"class":98},[47,29813,1553],{"class":80},[47,29815,29816,29818,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,29817,9470],{"class":98},[47,29819,3493],{"class":61},[47,29821,4957],{"class":65},[47,29823,3493],{"class":61},[47,29825,420],{"class":98},[47,29827,1562],{"class":80},[47,29829,9500],{"class":98},[20,29831,167,29832,29836],{},[594,29833,29834],{"href":12761},[15,29835,12957],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29838,167,29839,29841],{},[15,29840,12964],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[33,29843,29845],{"id":29844},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29847,29848,29849,29851],{},"Calling ",[15,29850,12964],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[38,29853,29855],{"className":40,"code":29854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29856,29857,29865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29858,29859,29861,29863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29860,9359],{"class":53},[47,29862,58],{"class":57},[47,29864,10030],{"class":98},[47,29866,29867,29869,29871,29873],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29868,9396],{"class":53},[47,29870,445],{"class":98},[47,29872,28747],{"class":102},[47,29874,8836],{"class":98},[20,29876,29877],{},[280,29878,29879],{},"Error:",[38,29881,29883],{"className":40,"code":29882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29884,29885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29886,29887,29889,29891,29893,29896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29888,19884],{"class":1788},[47,29890,420],{"class":98},[47,29892,3488],{"class":61},[47,29894,29895],{"class":65},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[47,29897,29898],{"class":61},"'\n",[447,29900,29902],{"id":29901},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[38,29904,29906],{"className":40,"code":29905,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29907,29908,29916,29920,29928,29943,29953,29959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29909,29910,29912,29914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29911,9359],{"class":53},[47,29913,58],{"class":57},[47,29915,10030],{"class":98},[47,29917,29918],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29919,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29921,29922,29924,29926],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,29923,7192],{"class":1461},[47,29925,14760],{"class":53},[47,29927,6586],{"class":98},[47,29929,29930,29933,29935,29937,29939,29941],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,29931,29932],{"class":53},"    item ",[47,29934,58],{"class":57},[47,29936,14760],{"class":53},[47,29938,445],{"class":98},[47,29940,28747],{"class":102},[47,29942,8836],{"class":98},[47,29944,29945,29947,29949,29951],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,29946,1499],{"class":94},[47,29948,99],{"class":98},[47,29950,23508],{"class":102},[47,29952,106],{"class":98},[47,29954,29955,29957],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,29956,27633],{"class":1461},[47,29958,6586],{"class":98},[47,29960,29961,29963,29965,29967,29970,29972],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,29962,1499],{"class":94},[47,29964,99],{"class":98},[47,29966,128],{"class":61},[47,29968,29969],{"class":65},"Dictionary is empty",[47,29971,128],{"class":61},[47,29973,106],{"class":98},[447,29975,29977,29978],{"id":29976},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29979,29980],{},"try-except",[38,29982,29984],{"className":40,"code":29983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29985,29986,29994,29998,30005,30019,30029,30039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,29987,29988,29990,29992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,29989,9359],{"class":53},[47,29991,58],{"class":57},[47,29993,10030],{"class":98},[47,29995,29996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,29997,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,29999,30000,30003],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,30001,30002],{"class":1461},"try",[47,30004,6586],{"class":98},[47,30006,30007,30009,30011,30013,30015,30017],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,30008,29932],{"class":53},[47,30010,58],{"class":57},[47,30012,14760],{"class":53},[47,30014,445],{"class":98},[47,30016,28747],{"class":102},[47,30018,8836],{"class":98},[47,30020,30021,30023,30025,30027],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,30022,1499],{"class":94},[47,30024,99],{"class":98},[47,30026,23508],{"class":102},[47,30028,106],{"class":98},[47,30030,30031,30034,30037],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,30032,30033],{"class":1461},"except",[47,30035,30036],{"class":1788}," KeyError",[47,30038,6586],{"class":98},[47,30040,30041,30043,30045,30047,30050,30052],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,30042,1499],{"class":94},[47,30044,99],{"class":98},[47,30046,128],{"class":61},[47,30048,30049],{"class":65},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[47,30051,128],{"class":61},[47,30053,106],{"class":98},[20,30055,30056,30057,445],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[594,30058,25878,30060],{"href":30059},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30061,30062],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[33,30064,5158,30066],{"id":30065},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30067,12964],{},[20,30069,30070,30072],{},[15,30071,12964],{}," is useful when:",[187,30074,30075,30078,30081],{},[190,30076,30077],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[190,30079,30080],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[190,30082,30083],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30085,30086],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[38,30088,30090],{"className":40,"code":30089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30091,30092,30101,30121,30141,30159,30163,30167,30177,30196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30093,30094,30097,30099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30095,30096],{"class":53},"tasks ",[47,30098,58],{"class":57},[47,30100,11688],{"class":98},[47,30102,30103,30105,30108,30110,30112,30114,30117,30119],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30104,11693],{"class":61},[47,30106,30107],{"class":65},"first",[47,30109,128],{"class":61},[47,30111,420],{"class":98},[47,30113,62],{"class":61},[47,30115,30116],{"class":65},"wash dishes",[47,30118,128],{"class":61},[47,30120,11709],{"class":98},[47,30122,30123,30125,30128,30130,30132,30134,30137,30139],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,30124,11693],{"class":61},[47,30126,30127],{"class":65},"second",[47,30129,128],{"class":61},[47,30131,420],{"class":98},[47,30133,62],{"class":61},[47,30135,30136],{"class":65},"do homework",[47,30138,128],{"class":61},[47,30140,11709],{"class":98},[47,30142,30143,30145,30148,30150,30152,30154,30157],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,30144,11693],{"class":61},[47,30146,30147],{"class":65},"third",[47,30149,128],{"class":61},[47,30151,420],{"class":98},[47,30153,62],{"class":61},[47,30155,30156],{"class":65},"read book",[47,30158,69],{"class":61},[47,30160,30161],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,30162,9500],{"class":98},[47,30164,30165],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,30166,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,30168,30169,30172,30175],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,30170,30171],{"class":1461},"while",[47,30173,30174],{"class":53}," tasks",[47,30176,6586],{"class":98},[47,30178,30179,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,30180,30181],{"class":53},"    key",[47,30183,136],{"class":98},[47,30185,21782],{"class":53},[47,30187,58],{"class":57},[47,30189,30174],{"class":53},[47,30191,445],{"class":98},[47,30193,28747],{"class":102},[47,30195,8836],{"class":98},[47,30197,30198,30200,30202,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,30199,1499],{"class":94},[47,30201,99],{"class":98},[47,30203,22491],{"class":2266},[47,30205,128],{"class":65},[47,30207,9470],{"class":80},[47,30209,15035],{"class":102},[47,30211,22500],{"class":80},[47,30213,22503],{"class":65},[47,30215,9470],{"class":80},[47,30217,2668],{"class":102},[47,30219,22500],{"class":80},[47,30221,128],{"class":65},[47,30223,106],{"class":98},[20,30225,30226],{},[280,30227,30228],{},"Possible output:",[38,30230,30232],{"className":40,"code":30231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30233,30234,30243,30252],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30235,30236,30238,30240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30237,30147],{"class":53},[47,30239,420],{"class":98},[47,30241,30242],{"class":53}," read book\n",[47,30244,30245,30247,30249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30246,30127],{"class":53},[47,30248,420],{"class":98},[47,30250,30251],{"class":53}," do homework\n",[47,30253,30254,30256,30258],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,30255,30107],{"class":53},[47,30257,420],{"class":98},[47,30259,30260],{"class":53}," wash dishes\n",[20,30262,2012,30263,30265],{},[15,30264,12964],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[33,30267,1595],{"id":1594},[20,30269,14927,30270,420],{},[15,30271,12964],{},[187,30273,30274,30288,30307,30318],{},[190,30275,30276,30281],{},[280,30277,29848,30278,30280],{},[15,30279,12964],{}," on an empty dictionary",[187,30282,30283],{},[190,30284,30285,30286,445],{},"This raises ",[15,30287,19884],{},[190,30289,30290,30295],{},[280,30291,1807,30292,30294],{},[15,30293,12964],{}," to remove a specific key",[187,30296,30297,30300],{},[190,30298,30299],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[190,30301,167,30302,30306],{},[594,30303,30304],{"href":12761},[15,30305,12957],{}," if you need that.",[190,30308,30309,30313],{},[280,30310,4900,30311,27899],{},[15,30312,12964],{},[187,30314,30315],{},[190,30316,30317],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[190,30319,30320,30323],{},[280,30321,30322],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[187,30324,30325],{},[190,30326,30327,22172,30329,30331],{},[15,30328,12964],{},[15,30330,21852],{}," tuple.",[20,30333,30334],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[38,30336,30338],{"className":40,"code":30337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30339,30340,30350,30364,30368,30382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30341,30342,30344,30346,30348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30343,95],{"class":94},[47,30345,99],{"class":98},[47,30347,11644],{"class":102},[47,30349,106],{"class":98},[47,30351,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360,30362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30353,95],{"class":94},[47,30355,99],{"class":98},[47,30357,11355],{"class":94},[47,30359,99],{"class":98},[47,30361,11644],{"class":102},[47,30363,1796],{"class":98},[47,30365,30366],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,30367,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,30369,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,30371,28738],{"class":53},[47,30373,58],{"class":57},[47,30375,11962],{"class":53},[47,30377,445],{"class":98},[47,30379,28747],{"class":102},[47,30381,8836],{"class":98},[47,30383,30384,30386,30388,30390],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,30385,95],{"class":94},[47,30387,99],{"class":98},[47,30389,23508],{"class":102},[47,30391,106],{"class":98},[20,30393,30394],{},"Or with unpacking:",[38,30396,30398],{"className":40,"code":30397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30399,30400,30418,30428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30401,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414,30416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30403,15035],{"class":53},[47,30405,136],{"class":98},[47,30407,21782],{"class":53},[47,30409,58],{"class":57},[47,30411,11962],{"class":53},[47,30413,445],{"class":98},[47,30415,28747],{"class":102},[47,30417,8836],{"class":98},[47,30419,30420,30422,30424,30426],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30421,95],{"class":94},[47,30423,99],{"class":98},[47,30425,15035],{"class":102},[47,30427,106],{"class":98},[47,30429,30430,30432,30434,30436],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,30431,95],{"class":94},[47,30433,99],{"class":98},[47,30435,2668],{"class":102},[47,30437,106],{"class":98},[33,30439,1969],{"id":1968},[447,30441,5339,30443,5342],{"id":30442},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30444,12964],{},[20,30446,30447,30448,445],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30449,30450],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[447,30452,1973,30454,30456],{"id":30453},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30455,12964],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30458,30459],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[447,30461,30463,30464,30466],{"id":30462},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30465,12964],{}," removes?",[20,30468,30469,30470,30474],{},"No. Use ",[594,30471,30472],{"href":12761},[15,30473,12957],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[447,30476,1973,30478,15090],{"id":30477},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30479,12964],{},[20,30481,30482],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[447,30484,30486,30487,30489],{"id":30485},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30488,12964],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30491,30492,30493,30495,30496,445],{},"It raises ",[15,30494,19884],{}," with the message ",[15,30497,29895],{},[33,30499,2075],{"id":2074},[187,30501,30502,30509,30515,30521,30527,30534,30538,30542],{},[190,30503,30504],{},[594,30505,30506,30508],{"href":12761},[15,30507,12957],{}," method for dictionaries",[190,30510,30511],{},[594,30512,30513,30508],{"href":17271},[15,30514,17274],{},[190,30516,30517],{},[594,30518,30519,30508],{"href":17258},[15,30520,17261],{},[190,30522,30523],{},[594,30524,30525,30508],{"href":17264},[15,30526,17267],{},[190,30528,30529],{},[594,30530,30532,30508],{"href":30531},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30533,11515],{},[190,30535,30536],{},[594,30537,12981],{"href":12768},[190,30539,30540],{},[594,30541,21655],{"href":16792},[190,30543,30544],{},[594,30545,30546,30547],{"href":30059},"Fix ",[15,30548,30062],{},[2110,30550,30551],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":30553},[30554,30555,30557,30558,30559,30560,30561,30562,30567,30572,30574,30575,30587],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":28834,"depth":72,"text":30556},"What popitem() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":28904,"depth":72,"text":28905},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":29257,"depth":72,"text":29258},{"id":29448,"depth":72,"text":29449},{"id":29576,"depth":72,"text":30563,"children":30564},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30565,30566],{"id":28747,"depth":84,"text":12964},{"id":26440,"depth":84,"text":12957},{"id":29844,"depth":72,"text":29845,"children":30568},[30569,30570],{"id":29901,"depth":84,"text":29902},{"id":29976,"depth":84,"text":30571},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30065,"depth":72,"text":30573},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":30576},[30577,30579,30581,30583,30585],{"id":30442,"depth":84,"text":30578},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30453,"depth":84,"text":30580},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30462,"depth":84,"text":30582},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30477,"depth":84,"text":30584},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30485,"depth":84,"text":30586},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28573,"description":30588},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30595,"title":30596,"body":30597,"description":32498,"extension":2167,"meta":32499,"navigation":87,"path":14227,"seo":32500,"stem":32501,"__hash__":32502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30598,"toc":32470},[30599,30604,30609,30612,30614,30711,30716,30721,30726,30729,30737,30740,30755,30757,30857,30859,30916,30920,30922,30924,30944,30949,30960,30963,30990,30993,30995,31052,31054,31075,31081,31086,31089,31100,31102,31210,31212,31265,31267,31279,31286,31292,31297,31300,31388,31390,31435,31438,31446,31449,31452,31521,31524,31527,31531,31534,31605,31607,31660,31663,31666,31669,31684,31687,31699,31702,31765,31767,31773,31775,31777,31856,31858,31899,31901,31966,31968,32005,32010,32015,32019,32033,32036,32159,32161,32246,32251,32253,32257,32279,32282,32361,32364,32383,32388,32390,32396,32401,32407,32410,32416,32419,32425,32430,32436,32442,32444,32467],[10,30600,11512,30602,11516],{"id":30601},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30603,15148],{},[20,30605,850,30606,30608],{},[15,30607,15148],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30610,30611],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[33,30613,36],{"id":35},[38,30615,30617],{"className":40,"code":30616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30618,30619,30655,30696,30706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30620,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30622,13398],{"class":53},[47,30624,58],{"class":57},[47,30626,10683],{"class":98},[47,30628,128],{"class":61},[47,30630,103],{"class":65},[47,30632,128],{"class":61},[47,30634,420],{"class":98},[47,30636,62],{"class":61},[47,30638,13075],{"class":65},[47,30640,128],{"class":61},[47,30642,136],{"class":98},[47,30644,62],{"class":61},[47,30646,116],{"class":65},[47,30648,128],{"class":61},[47,30650,420],{"class":98},[47,30652,7986],{"class":80},[47,30654,9500],{"class":98},[47,30656,30657,30659,30661,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30658,17503],{"class":53},[47,30660,445],{"class":98},[47,30662,30663],{"class":102},"update",[47,30665,5724],{"class":98},[47,30667,128],{"class":61},[47,30669,116],{"class":65},[47,30671,128],{"class":61},[47,30673,420],{"class":98},[47,30675,30676],{"class":80}," 21",[47,30678,136],{"class":98},[47,30680,62],{"class":61},[47,30682,10601],{"class":65},[47,30684,128],{"class":61},[47,30686,420],{"class":98},[47,30688,62],{"class":61},[47,30690,16226],{"class":65},[47,30692,128],{"class":61},[47,30694,30695],{"class":98},"})\n",[47,30697,30698,30700,30702,30704],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,30699,95],{"class":94},[47,30701,99],{"class":98},[47,30703,17503],{"class":102},[47,30705,106],{"class":98},[47,30707,30708],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,30709,30710],{"class":3857},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30712,167,30713,30715],{},[15,30714,15148],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[33,30717,174,30719,177],{"id":30718},"what-update-does",[15,30720,15148],{},[20,30722,30723,30725],{},[15,30724,15148],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30727,30728],{},"It can do two main things:",[187,30730,30731,30734],{},[190,30732,30733],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[190,30735,30736],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30738,30739],{},"Important things to know:",[187,30741,30742,30745,30748,30752],{},[190,30743,30744],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[190,30746,30747],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[190,30749,5345,30750],{},[15,30751,285],{},[190,30753,30754],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30756,204],{},[38,30758,30760],{"className":40,"code":30759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30761,30762,30804,30847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30763,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30800,30802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30765,13058],{"class":53},[47,30767,58],{"class":57},[47,30769,10683],{"class":98},[47,30771,128],{"class":61},[47,30773,103],{"class":65},[47,30775,128],{"class":61},[47,30777,420],{"class":98},[47,30779,62],{"class":61},[47,30781,30782],{"class":65},"Mira",[47,30784,128],{"class":61},[47,30786,136],{"class":98},[47,30788,62],{"class":61},[47,30790,20088],{"class":65},[47,30792,128],{"class":61},[47,30794,420],{"class":98},[47,30796,62],{"class":61},[47,30798,30799],{"class":65},"B",[47,30801,128],{"class":61},[47,30803,9500],{"class":98},[47,30805,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30843,30845],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,30807,13820],{"class":53},[47,30809,445],{"class":98},[47,30811,30663],{"class":102},[47,30813,5724],{"class":98},[47,30815,128],{"class":61},[47,30817,20088],{"class":65},[47,30819,128],{"class":61},[47,30821,420],{"class":98},[47,30823,62],{"class":61},[47,30825,22442],{"class":65},[47,30827,128],{"class":61},[47,30829,136],{"class":98},[47,30831,62],{"class":61},[47,30833,10601],{"class":65},[47,30835,128],{"class":61},[47,30837,420],{"class":98},[47,30839,62],{"class":61},[47,30841,30842],{"class":65},"Quito",[47,30844,128],{"class":61},[47,30846,30695],{"class":98},[47,30848,30849,30851,30853,30855],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,30850,95],{"class":94},[47,30852,99],{"class":98},[47,30854,13820],{"class":102},[47,30856,106],{"class":98},[20,30858,144],{},[38,30860,30862],{"className":40,"code":30861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30863,30864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30865,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902,30904,30906,30908,30910,30912,30914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30867,9470],{"class":98},[47,30869,3493],{"class":61},[47,30871,103],{"class":65},[47,30873,3493],{"class":61},[47,30875,420],{"class":98},[47,30877,3488],{"class":61},[47,30879,30782],{"class":65},[47,30881,3493],{"class":61},[47,30883,136],{"class":98},[47,30885,3488],{"class":61},[47,30887,20088],{"class":65},[47,30889,3493],{"class":61},[47,30891,420],{"class":98},[47,30893,3488],{"class":61},[47,30895,22442],{"class":65},[47,30897,3493],{"class":61},[47,30899,136],{"class":98},[47,30901,3488],{"class":61},[47,30903,10601],{"class":65},[47,30905,3493],{"class":61},[47,30907,420],{"class":98},[47,30909,3488],{"class":61},[47,30911,30842],{"class":65},[47,30913,3493],{"class":61},[47,30915,9500],{"class":98},[20,30917,9345,30918,445],{},[594,30919,24826],{"href":9582},[33,30921,290],{"id":289},[20,30923,293],{},[38,30925,30927],{"className":40,"code":30926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30928,30929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30930,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30932,15799],{"class":53},[47,30934,445],{"class":98},[47,30936,30663],{"class":102},[47,30938,99],{"class":98},[47,30940,30941],{"class":102},"other",[47,30943,106],{"class":98},[20,30945,30946,30948],{},[15,30947,30941],{}," can be:",[187,30950,30951,30954,30957],{},[190,30952,30953],{},"Another dictionary",[190,30955,30956],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[190,30958,30959],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30961,30962],{},"You can also use:",[38,30964,30966],{"className":40,"code":30965,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30967,30968],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,30969,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,30971,15799],{"class":53},[47,30973,445],{"class":98},[47,30975,30663],{"class":102},[47,30977,99],{"class":98},[47,30979,103],{"class":951},[47,30981,58],{"class":57},[47,30983,128],{"class":61},[47,30985,7872],{"class":65},[47,30987,128],{"class":61},[47,30989,106],{"class":98},[20,30991,30992],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30994,204],{},[38,30996,30998],{"className":40,"code":30997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30999,31000,31020,31042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31001,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31003,9359],{"class":53},[47,31005,58],{"class":57},[47,31007,10683],{"class":98},[47,31009,128],{"class":61},[47,31011,594],{"class":65},[47,31013,128],{"class":61},[47,31015,420],{"class":98},[47,31017,1545],{"class":80},[47,31019,9500],{"class":98},[47,31021,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31023,9396],{"class":53},[47,31025,445],{"class":98},[47,31027,30663],{"class":102},[47,31029,5724],{"class":98},[47,31031,128],{"class":61},[47,31033,594],{"class":65},[47,31035,128],{"class":61},[47,31037,420],{"class":98},[47,31039,373],{"class":80},[47,31041,30695],{"class":98},[47,31043,31044,31046,31048,31050],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31045,95],{"class":94},[47,31047,99],{"class":98},[47,31049,9396],{"class":102},[47,31051,106],{"class":98},[20,31053,144],{},[38,31055,31057],{"className":40,"code":31056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31058,31059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31060,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31062,9470],{"class":98},[47,31064,3493],{"class":61},[47,31066,594],{"class":65},[47,31068,3493],{"class":61},[47,31070,420],{"class":98},[47,31072,373],{"class":80},[47,31074,9500],{"class":98},[33,31076,1654,31078,31080],{"id":31077},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31079,15148],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31082,31083,31084,445],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31085,15148],{},[20,31087,31088],{},"It is useful when:",[187,31090,31091,31094,31097],{},[190,31092,31093],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[190,31095,31096],{},"Adding extra settings",[190,31098,31099],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31101,204],{},[38,31103,31105],{"className":40,"code":31104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31106,31107,31144,31181,31185,31200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31108,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31110,14020],{"class":53},[47,31112,58],{"class":57},[47,31114,10683],{"class":98},[47,31116,128],{"class":61},[47,31118,12689],{"class":65},[47,31120,128],{"class":61},[47,31122,420],{"class":98},[47,31124,62],{"class":61},[47,31126,21125],{"class":65},[47,31128,128],{"class":61},[47,31130,136],{"class":98},[47,31132,62],{"class":61},[47,31134,14045],{"class":65},[47,31136,128],{"class":61},[47,31138,420],{"class":98},[47,31140,31141],{"class":80}," 12",[47,31143,9500],{"class":98},[47,31145,31146,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31147,31148],{"class":53},"new_settings ",[47,31150,58],{"class":57},[47,31152,10683],{"class":98},[47,31154,128],{"class":61},[47,31156,14045],{"class":65},[47,31158,128],{"class":61},[47,31160,420],{"class":98},[47,31162,14052],{"class":80},[47,31164,136],{"class":98},[47,31166,62],{"class":61},[47,31168,20320],{"class":65},[47,31170,128],{"class":61},[47,31172,420],{"class":98},[47,31174,62],{"class":61},[47,31176,20354],{"class":65},[47,31178,128],{"class":61},[47,31180,9500],{"class":98},[47,31182,31183],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31184,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,31186,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31198],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,31188,14079],{"class":53},[47,31190,445],{"class":98},[47,31192,30663],{"class":102},[47,31194,99],{"class":98},[47,31196,31197],{"class":102},"new_settings",[47,31199,106],{"class":98},[47,31201,31202,31204,31206,31208],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,31203,95],{"class":94},[47,31205,99],{"class":98},[47,31207,14079],{"class":102},[47,31209,106],{"class":98},[20,31211,144],{},[38,31213,31215],{"className":40,"code":31214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31216,31217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31218,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31220,9470],{"class":98},[47,31222,3493],{"class":61},[47,31224,12689],{"class":65},[47,31226,3493],{"class":61},[47,31228,420],{"class":98},[47,31230,3488],{"class":61},[47,31232,21125],{"class":65},[47,31234,3493],{"class":61},[47,31236,136],{"class":98},[47,31238,3488],{"class":61},[47,31240,14045],{"class":65},[47,31242,3493],{"class":61},[47,31244,420],{"class":98},[47,31246,14052],{"class":80},[47,31248,136],{"class":98},[47,31250,3488],{"class":61},[47,31252,20320],{"class":65},[47,31254,3493],{"class":61},[47,31256,420],{"class":98},[47,31258,3488],{"class":61},[47,31260,20354],{"class":65},[47,31262,3493],{"class":61},[47,31264,9500],{"class":98},[20,31266,13603],{},[187,31268,31269,31274],{},[190,31270,31271,31273],{},[15,31272,14045],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[190,31275,31276,31278],{},[15,31277,20320],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31280,31281,31282,445],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[594,31283,31285],{"href":31284},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31287,1654,31289,31291],{"id":31288},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31290,15148],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31293,31294,31296],{},[15,31295,15148],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31298,31299],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[38,31301,31303],{"className":40,"code":31302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31304,31305,31325,31360,31364,31378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31306,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31308,5261],{"class":53},[47,31310,58],{"class":57},[47,31312,10683],{"class":98},[47,31314,128],{"class":61},[47,31316,18613],{"class":65},[47,31318,128],{"class":61},[47,31320,420],{"class":98},[47,31322,20095],{"class":80},[47,31324,9500],{"class":98},[47,31326,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31352,31354,31356,31358],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31328,9407],{"class":53},[47,31330,58],{"class":57},[47,31332,9412],{"class":98},[47,31334,128],{"class":61},[47,31336,18622],{"class":65},[47,31338,128],{"class":61},[47,31340,136],{"class":98},[47,31342,13701],{"class":80},[47,31344,9425],{"class":98},[47,31346,9428],{"class":98},[47,31348,128],{"class":61},[47,31350,31351],{"class":65},"english",[47,31353,128],{"class":61},[47,31355,136],{"class":98},[47,31357,29120],{"class":80},[47,31359,9441],{"class":98},[47,31361,31362],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31363,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,31365,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,31367,16584],{"class":53},[47,31369,445],{"class":98},[47,31371,30663],{"class":102},[47,31373,99],{"class":98},[47,31375,9454],{"class":102},[47,31377,106],{"class":98},[47,31379,31380,31382,31384,31386],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,31381,95],{"class":94},[47,31383,99],{"class":98},[47,31385,16584],{"class":102},[47,31387,106],{"class":98},[20,31389,144],{},[38,31391,31393],{"className":40,"code":31392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31394,31395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31396,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31415,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31398,9470],{"class":98},[47,31400,3493],{"class":61},[47,31402,18613],{"class":65},[47,31404,3493],{"class":61},[47,31406,420],{"class":98},[47,31408,20095],{"class":80},[47,31410,136],{"class":98},[47,31412,3488],{"class":61},[47,31414,18622],{"class":65},[47,31416,3493],{"class":61},[47,31418,420],{"class":98},[47,31420,13701],{"class":80},[47,31422,136],{"class":98},[47,31424,3488],{"class":61},[47,31426,31351],{"class":65},[47,31428,3493],{"class":61},[47,31430,420],{"class":98},[47,31432,29120],{"class":80},[47,31434,9500],{"class":98},[20,31436,31437],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[187,31439,31440,31443],{},[190,31441,31442],{},"The key",[190,31444,31445],{},"The value",[20,31447,31448],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31450,31451],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[38,31453,31455],{"className":40,"code":31454,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31456,31457,31477,31502,31506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31458,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31460,9359],{"class":53},[47,31462,58],{"class":57},[47,31464,10683],{"class":98},[47,31466,128],{"class":61},[47,31468,594],{"class":65},[47,31470,128],{"class":61},[47,31472,420],{"class":98},[47,31474,1545],{"class":80},[47,31476,9500],{"class":98},[47,31478,31479,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31480,31481],{"class":53},"bad_pairs ",[47,31483,58],{"class":57},[47,31485,9412],{"class":98},[47,31487,128],{"class":61},[47,31489,4957],{"class":65},[47,31491,128],{"class":61},[47,31493,136],{"class":98},[47,31495,1562],{"class":80},[47,31497,136],{"class":98},[47,31499,249],{"class":80},[47,31501,9441],{"class":98},[47,31503,31504],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31505,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,31507,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31519],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,31509,9396],{"class":53},[47,31511,445],{"class":98},[47,31513,30663],{"class":102},[47,31515,99],{"class":98},[47,31517,31518],{"class":102},"bad_pairs",[47,31520,106],{"class":98},[20,31522,31523],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31525,31526],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[33,31528,31530],{"id":31529},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31532,31533],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[38,31535,31537],{"className":40,"code":31536,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31538,31539,31563,31595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31540,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31542,11683],{"class":53},[47,31544,58],{"class":57},[47,31546,10683],{"class":98},[47,31548,128],{"class":61},[47,31550,103],{"class":65},[47,31552,128],{"class":61},[47,31554,420],{"class":98},[47,31556,62],{"class":61},[47,31558,29113],{"class":65},[47,31560,128],{"class":61},[47,31562,9500],{"class":98},[47,31564,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31584,31586,31588,31591,31593],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31566,11777],{"class":53},[47,31568,445],{"class":98},[47,31570,30663],{"class":102},[47,31572,99],{"class":98},[47,31574,116],{"class":951},[47,31576,58],{"class":57},[47,31578,9385],{"class":80},[47,31580,136],{"class":98},[47,31582,31583],{"class":951}," city",[47,31585,58],{"class":57},[47,31587,128],{"class":61},[47,31589,31590],{"class":65},"Madrid",[47,31592,128],{"class":61},[47,31594,106],{"class":98},[47,31596,31597,31599,31601,31603],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31598,95],{"class":94},[47,31600,99],{"class":98},[47,31602,11777],{"class":102},[47,31604,106],{"class":98},[20,31606,144],{},[38,31608,31610],{"className":40,"code":31609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31611,31612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31613,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31615,9470],{"class":98},[47,31617,3493],{"class":61},[47,31619,103],{"class":65},[47,31621,3493],{"class":61},[47,31623,420],{"class":98},[47,31625,3488],{"class":61},[47,31627,29113],{"class":65},[47,31629,3493],{"class":61},[47,31631,136],{"class":98},[47,31633,3488],{"class":61},[47,31635,116],{"class":65},[47,31637,3493],{"class":61},[47,31639,420],{"class":98},[47,31641,9497],{"class":80},[47,31643,136],{"class":98},[47,31645,3488],{"class":61},[47,31647,10601],{"class":65},[47,31649,3493],{"class":61},[47,31651,420],{"class":98},[47,31653,3488],{"class":61},[47,31655,31590],{"class":65},[47,31657,3493],{"class":61},[47,31659,9500],{"class":98},[20,31661,31662],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31664,31665],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31667,31668],{},"These work:",[187,31670,31671,31675,31679],{},[190,31672,31673],{},[15,31674,116],{},[190,31676,31677],{},[15,31678,10601],{},[190,31680,31681],{},[15,31682,31683],{},"first_name",[20,31685,31686],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[187,31688,31689,31694],{},[190,31690,31691],{},[15,31692,31693],{},"\"first name\"",[190,31695,31696],{},[15,31697,31698],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31700,31701],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[38,31703,31705],{"className":40,"code":31704,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31706,31707,31715,31755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31708,31709,31711,31713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31710,11683],{"class":53},[47,31712,58],{"class":57},[47,31714,10030],{"class":98},[47,31716,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31746,31748,31750,31753],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31718,11777],{"class":53},[47,31720,445],{"class":98},[47,31722,30663],{"class":102},[47,31724,5724],{"class":98},[47,31726,128],{"class":61},[47,31728,10705],{"class":65},[47,31730,128],{"class":61},[47,31732,420],{"class":98},[47,31734,62],{"class":61},[47,31736,29113],{"class":65},[47,31738,128],{"class":61},[47,31740,136],{"class":98},[47,31742,62],{"class":61},[47,31744,31745],{"class":65},"user-id",[47,31747,128],{"class":61},[47,31749,420],{"class":98},[47,31751,31752],{"class":80}," 1001",[47,31754,30695],{"class":98},[47,31756,31757,31759,31761,31763],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31758,95],{"class":94},[47,31760,99],{"class":98},[47,31762,11777],{"class":102},[47,31764,106],{"class":98},[33,31766,17615],{"id":17614},[20,31768,31769,1270,31771,445],{},[15,31770,15148],{},[15,31772,285],{},[20,31774,14243],{},[20,31776,24906],{},[38,31778,31780],{"className":40,"code":31779,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31781,31782,31806,31832,31836,31846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31783,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802,31804],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31785,13398],{"class":53},[47,31787,58],{"class":57},[47,31789,10683],{"class":98},[47,31791,128],{"class":61},[47,31793,103],{"class":65},[47,31795,128],{"class":61},[47,31797,420],{"class":98},[47,31799,62],{"class":61},[47,31801,13075],{"class":65},[47,31803,128],{"class":61},[47,31805,9500],{"class":98},[47,31807,31808,31810,31812,31814,31816,31818,31820,31822,31824,31826,31828,31830],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31809,1290],{"class":53},[47,31811,58],{"class":57},[47,31813,13441],{"class":53},[47,31815,445],{"class":98},[47,31817,30663],{"class":102},[47,31819,5724],{"class":98},[47,31821,128],{"class":61},[47,31823,116],{"class":65},[47,31825,128],{"class":61},[47,31827,420],{"class":98},[47,31829,7986],{"class":80},[47,31831,30695],{"class":98},[47,31833,31834],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31835,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,31837,31838,31840,31842,31844],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,31839,95],{"class":94},[47,31841,99],{"class":98},[47,31843,1315],{"class":102},[47,31845,106],{"class":98},[47,31847,31848,31850,31852,31854],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,31849,95],{"class":94},[47,31851,99],{"class":98},[47,31853,17503],{"class":102},[47,31855,106],{"class":98},[20,31857,144],{},[38,31859,31861],{"className":40,"code":31860,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31862,31863,31867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31864,31865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31866,1335],{"class":1334},[47,31868,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31870,9470],{"class":98},[47,31872,3493],{"class":61},[47,31874,103],{"class":65},[47,31876,3493],{"class":61},[47,31878,420],{"class":98},[47,31880,3488],{"class":61},[47,31882,13075],{"class":65},[47,31884,3493],{"class":61},[47,31886,136],{"class":98},[47,31888,3488],{"class":61},[47,31890,116],{"class":65},[47,31892,3493],{"class":61},[47,31894,420],{"class":98},[47,31896,7986],{"class":80},[47,31898,9500],{"class":98},[20,31900,16851],{},[38,31902,31904],{"className":40,"code":31903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31905,31906,31930,31952,31956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31907,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31909,13398],{"class":53},[47,31911,58],{"class":57},[47,31913,10683],{"class":98},[47,31915,128],{"class":61},[47,31917,103],{"class":65},[47,31919,128],{"class":61},[47,31921,420],{"class":98},[47,31923,62],{"class":61},[47,31925,13075],{"class":65},[47,31927,128],{"class":61},[47,31929,9500],{"class":98},[47,31931,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,31933,17503],{"class":53},[47,31935,445],{"class":98},[47,31937,30663],{"class":102},[47,31939,5724],{"class":98},[47,31941,128],{"class":61},[47,31943,116],{"class":65},[47,31945,128],{"class":61},[47,31947,420],{"class":98},[47,31949,7986],{"class":80},[47,31951,30695],{"class":98},[47,31953,31954],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,31955,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,31957,31958,31960,31962,31964],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,31959,95],{"class":94},[47,31961,99],{"class":98},[47,31963,17503],{"class":102},[47,31965,106],{"class":98},[20,31967,144],{},[38,31969,31971],{"className":40,"code":31970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31972,31973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,31974,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,31976,9470],{"class":98},[47,31978,3493],{"class":61},[47,31980,103],{"class":65},[47,31982,3493],{"class":61},[47,31984,420],{"class":98},[47,31986,3488],{"class":61},[47,31988,13075],{"class":65},[47,31990,3493],{"class":61},[47,31992,136],{"class":98},[47,31994,3488],{"class":61},[47,31996,116],{"class":65},[47,31998,3493],{"class":61},[47,32000,420],{"class":98},[47,32002,7986],{"class":80},[47,32004,9500],{"class":98},[20,32006,32007,32008,445],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[594,32009,18100],{"href":10924},[33,32011,5158,32013],{"id":32012},"when-to-use-update",[15,32014,15148],{},[20,32016,167,32017,10794],{},[15,32018,15148],{},[187,32020,32021,32024,32027,32030],{},[190,32022,32023],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[190,32025,32026],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[190,32028,32029],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[190,32031,32032],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32034,32035],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[38,32037,32039],{"className":40,"code":32038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32040,32041,32077,32092,32096,32135,32139,32149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32042,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32044,12280],{"class":53},[47,32046,58],{"class":57},[47,32048,10683],{"class":98},[47,32050,128],{"class":61},[47,32052,103],{"class":65},[47,32054,128],{"class":61},[47,32056,420],{"class":98},[47,32058,62],{"class":61},[47,32060,13075],{"class":65},[47,32062,128],{"class":61},[47,32064,136],{"class":98},[47,32066,62],{"class":61},[47,32068,116],{"class":65},[47,32070,128],{"class":61},[47,32072,420],{"class":98},[47,32074,7986],{"class":80},[47,32076,9500],{"class":98},[47,32078,32079,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32080,32081],{"class":53},"updated ",[47,32083,58],{"class":57},[47,32085,12355],{"class":53},[47,32087,445],{"class":98},[47,32089,13106],{"class":102},[47,32091,8836],{"class":98},[47,32093,32094],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,32095,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,32097,32098,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,32099,32100],{"class":53},"updated",[47,32102,445],{"class":98},[47,32104,30663],{"class":102},[47,32106,5724],{"class":98},[47,32108,128],{"class":61},[47,32110,116],{"class":65},[47,32112,128],{"class":61},[47,32114,420],{"class":98},[47,32116,30676],{"class":80},[47,32118,136],{"class":98},[47,32120,62],{"class":61},[47,32122,10601],{"class":65},[47,32124,128],{"class":61},[47,32126,420],{"class":98},[47,32128,62],{"class":61},[47,32130,16226],{"class":65},[47,32132,128],{"class":61},[47,32134,30695],{"class":98},[47,32136,32137],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32138,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,32140,32141,32143,32145,32147],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,32142,95],{"class":94},[47,32144,99],{"class":98},[47,32146,12327],{"class":102},[47,32148,106],{"class":98},[47,32150,32151,32153,32155,32157],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,32152,95],{"class":94},[47,32154,99],{"class":98},[47,32156,32100],{"class":102},[47,32158,106],{"class":98},[20,32160,144],{},[38,32162,32164],{"className":40,"code":32163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32165,32166,32198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32167,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32169,9470],{"class":98},[47,32171,3493],{"class":61},[47,32173,103],{"class":65},[47,32175,3493],{"class":61},[47,32177,420],{"class":98},[47,32179,3488],{"class":61},[47,32181,13075],{"class":65},[47,32183,3493],{"class":61},[47,32185,136],{"class":98},[47,32187,3488],{"class":61},[47,32189,116],{"class":65},[47,32191,3493],{"class":61},[47,32193,420],{"class":98},[47,32195,7986],{"class":80},[47,32197,9500],{"class":98},[47,32199,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32201,9470],{"class":98},[47,32203,3493],{"class":61},[47,32205,103],{"class":65},[47,32207,3493],{"class":61},[47,32209,420],{"class":98},[47,32211,3488],{"class":61},[47,32213,13075],{"class":65},[47,32215,3493],{"class":61},[47,32217,136],{"class":98},[47,32219,3488],{"class":61},[47,32221,116],{"class":65},[47,32223,3493],{"class":61},[47,32225,420],{"class":98},[47,32227,30676],{"class":80},[47,32229,136],{"class":98},[47,32231,3488],{"class":61},[47,32233,10601],{"class":65},[47,32235,3493],{"class":61},[47,32237,420],{"class":98},[47,32239,3488],{"class":61},[47,32241,16226],{"class":65},[47,32243,3493],{"class":61},[47,32245,9500],{"class":98},[20,32247,32248,32249,445],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[594,32250,16793],{"href":16792},[33,32252,1595],{"id":1594},[20,32254,10941,32255,420],{},[15,32256,15148],{},[187,32258,32259,32266,32270,32273,32276],{},[190,32260,12789,32261,32263,32264],{},[15,32262,15148],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32265,285],{},[190,32267,1807,32268,12797],{},[15,32269,15148],{},[190,32271,32272],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[190,32274,32275],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[190,32277,32278],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32280,32281],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[38,32283,32285],{"className":40,"code":32284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32286,32287,32297,32311,32325,32347],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32288,32289,32291,32293,32295],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32290,95],{"class":94},[47,32292,99],{"class":98},[47,32294,11644],{"class":102},[47,32296,106],{"class":98},[47,32298,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32300,95],{"class":94},[47,32302,99],{"class":98},[47,32304,1922],{"class":1788},[47,32306,99],{"class":98},[47,32308,9396],{"class":102},[47,32310,1796],{"class":98},[47,32312,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,32314,95],{"class":94},[47,32316,99],{"class":98},[47,32318,8288],{"class":1788},[47,32320,99],{"class":98},[47,32322,9396],{"class":102},[47,32324,1796],{"class":98},[47,32326,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,32328,95],{"class":94},[47,32330,99],{"class":98},[47,32332,11644],{"class":102},[47,32334,445],{"class":98},[47,32336,19947],{"class":102},[47,32338,99],{"class":98},[47,32340,3493],{"class":61},[47,32342,15035],{"class":65},[47,32344,3493],{"class":61},[47,32346,1796],{"class":98},[47,32348,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32350,1934],{"class":94},[47,32352,99],{"class":98},[47,32354,9015],{"class":1788},[47,32356,445],{"class":98},[47,32358,30663],{"class":24948},[47,32360,106],{"class":98},[20,32362,32363],{},"These can help you check:",[187,32365,32366,32369,32374,32377,32380],{},[190,32367,32368],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[190,32370,32371,32372],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32373,15148],{},[190,32375,32376],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[190,32378,32379],{},"Whether a key exists",[190,32381,32382],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32384,32385,32386,445],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[594,32387,11456],{"href":11267},[33,32389,1969],{"id":1968},[447,32391,1973,32393,32395],{"id":32392},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32394,15148],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32397,32398,32399,445],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32400,285],{},[447,32402,1973,32404,32406],{"id":32403},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32405,15148],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32408,32409],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[447,32411,1989,32413,32415],{"id":32412},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32414,15148],{}," add new keys?",[20,32417,32418],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[447,32420,28528,32422,32424],{"id":32421},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32423,15148],{}," with a list?",[20,32426,32427,32428,445],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32429,11288],{},[447,32431,2055,32433,32435],{"id":32432},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32434,15148],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32437,32438,32439,32441],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32440,15148],{}," can change many keys at once.",[33,32443,2075],{"id":2074},[187,32445,32446,32450,32454,32459,32463],{},[190,32447,32448],{},[594,32449,26294],{"href":9582},[190,32451,32452],{},[594,32453,11445],{"href":10924},[190,32455,32456],{},[594,32457,32458],{"href":31284},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[190,32460,32461],{},[594,32462,21655],{"href":16792},[190,32464,32465],{},[594,32466,11456],{"href":11267},[2110,32468,32469],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":32471},[32472,32473,32475,32476,32478,32480,32481,32482,32484,32485,32497],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":30718,"depth":72,"text":32474},"What update() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":31077,"depth":72,"text":32477},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31288,"depth":72,"text":32479},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31529,"depth":72,"text":31530},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":32012,"depth":72,"text":32483},"When to use update()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":32486},[32487,32489,32491,32493,32495],{"id":32392,"depth":84,"text":32488},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32403,"depth":84,"text":32490},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32412,"depth":84,"text":32492},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32421,"depth":84,"text":32494},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32432,"depth":84,"text":32496},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30596,"description":32498},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32504,"title":32505,"body":32506,"description":34494,"extension":2167,"meta":34495,"navigation":87,"path":23092,"seo":34496,"stem":34497,"__hash__":34498},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32507,"toc":34457},[32508,32513,32519,32522,32524,32623,32625,32680,32685,32690,32704,32709,32711,32726,32728,32742,32755,32760,32766,32773,32775,32882,32884,32933,32939,33014,33016,33037,33039,33042,33147,33149,33204,33206,33234,33238,33243,33322,33324,33344,33346,33357,33367,33371,33376,33480,33482,33507,33510,33521,33526,33535,33538,33555,33557,33644,33646,33709,33711,33734,33736,33741,33747,33752,33754,33793,33799,33802,33821,33832,33838,33841,33914,33916,33935,33940,33943,33966,33972,33975,34039,34042,34119,34126,34129,34188,34194,34196,34215,34219,34222,34273,34276,34296,34298,34359,34361,34366,34371,34376,34381,34386,34391,34397,34400,34409,34417,34419,34454],[10,32509,11512,32511,11516],{"id":32510},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32512,17267],{},[20,32514,22,32515,32518],{},[15,32516,32517],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32520,32521],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[33,32523,36],{"id":35},[38,32525,32527],{"className":40,"code":32526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32528,32529,32581,32595,32599,32609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32530,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32532,13058],{"class":53},[47,32534,58],{"class":57},[47,32536,10683],{"class":98},[47,32538,128],{"class":61},[47,32540,103],{"class":65},[47,32542,128],{"class":61},[47,32544,420],{"class":98},[47,32546,62],{"class":61},[47,32548,13075],{"class":65},[47,32550,128],{"class":61},[47,32552,136],{"class":98},[47,32554,62],{"class":61},[47,32556,116],{"class":65},[47,32558,128],{"class":61},[47,32560,420],{"class":98},[47,32562,7986],{"class":80},[47,32564,136],{"class":98},[47,32566,62],{"class":61},[47,32568,10601],{"class":65},[47,32570,128],{"class":61},[47,32572,420],{"class":98},[47,32574,62],{"class":61},[47,32576,16226],{"class":65},[47,32578,128],{"class":61},[47,32580,9500],{"class":98},[47,32582,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32584,4015],{"class":53},[47,32586,58],{"class":57},[47,32588,13101],{"class":53},[47,32590,445],{"class":98},[47,32592,5553],{"class":102},[47,32594,8836],{"class":98},[47,32596,32597],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,32598,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,32600,32601,32603,32605,32607],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,32602,95],{"class":94},[47,32604,99],{"class":98},[47,32606,5553],{"class":102},[47,32608,106],{"class":98},[47,32610,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32612,95],{"class":94},[47,32614,99],{"class":98},[47,32616,8288],{"class":1788},[47,32618,99],{"class":98},[47,32620,5553],{"class":102},[47,32622,1796],{"class":98},[20,32624,144],{},[38,32626,32628],{"className":40,"code":32627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32629,32630,32656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32631,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32633,17233],{"class":102},[47,32635,3178],{"class":98},[47,32637,3493],{"class":61},[47,32639,13075],{"class":65},[47,32641,3493],{"class":61},[47,32643,136],{"class":98},[47,32645,7986],{"class":80},[47,32647,136],{"class":98},[47,32649,3488],{"class":61},[47,32651,16226],{"class":65},[47,32653,3493],{"class":61},[47,32655,4080],{"class":98},[47,32657,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32659,4092],{"class":98},[47,32661,3493],{"class":61},[47,32663,13075],{"class":65},[47,32665,3493],{"class":61},[47,32667,136],{"class":98},[47,32669,7986],{"class":80},[47,32671,136],{"class":98},[47,32673,3488],{"class":61},[47,32675,16226],{"class":65},[47,32677,3493],{"class":61},[47,32679,3828],{"class":98},[20,32681,32682,32684],{},[15,32683,17267],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[33,32686,174,32688,177],{"id":32687},"what-values-does",[15,32689,17267],{},[187,32691,32692,32695,32698,32701],{},[190,32693,32694],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[190,32696,32697],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[190,32699,32700],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[190,32702,32703],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32705,32706,32707,445],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[594,32708,9583],{"href":9582},[33,32710,290],{"id":289},[38,32712,32714],{"className":40,"code":32713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32715,32716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32717,32718,32720,32722,32724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32719,11644],{"class":53},[47,32721,445],{"class":98},[47,32723,5553],{"class":102},[47,32725,8836],{"class":98},[20,32727,13247],{},[187,32729,32730,32734,32737],{},[190,32731,32732,11660],{},[15,32733,17267],{},[190,32735,32736],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[190,32738,32739,32740],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32741,17267],{},[20,32743,32744,32745,839,32750,445],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[594,32746,32747,32749],{"href":17258},[15,32748,17261],{}," for dictionary keys",[594,32751,32752,32754],{"href":17271},[15,32753,17274],{}," for key-value pairs",[33,32756,174,32758,11901],{"id":32757},"what-values-returns",[15,32759,17267],{},[20,32761,32762,22172,32764,24962],{},[15,32763,17267],{},[15,32765,17233],{},[20,32767,32768,32769,32772],{},"This object is a ",[280,32770,32771],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32774,204],{},[38,32776,32778],{"className":40,"code":32777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32779,32780,32816,32820,32835,32846,32850,32872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32781,32782,32784,32786,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32783,13398],{"class":53},[47,32785,58],{"class":57},[47,32787,10683],{"class":98},[47,32789,128],{"class":61},[47,32791,103],{"class":65},[47,32793,128],{"class":61},[47,32795,420],{"class":98},[47,32797,62],{"class":61},[47,32799,66],{"class":65},[47,32801,128],{"class":61},[47,32803,136],{"class":98},[47,32805,62],{"class":61},[47,32807,116],{"class":65},[47,32809,128],{"class":61},[47,32811,420],{"class":98},[47,32813,9497],{"class":80},[47,32815,9500],{"class":98},[47,32817,32818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32819,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,32821,32822,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,32823,32824],{"class":53},"values_view ",[47,32826,58],{"class":57},[47,32828,13441],{"class":53},[47,32830,445],{"class":98},[47,32832,5553],{"class":102},[47,32834,8836],{"class":98},[47,32836,32837,32839,32841,32844],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,32838,95],{"class":94},[47,32840,99],{"class":98},[47,32842,32843],{"class":102},"values_view",[47,32845,106],{"class":98},[47,32847,32848],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,32849,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,32851,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,32853,17503],{"class":53},[47,32855,4092],{"class":98},[47,32857,128],{"class":61},[47,32859,10601],{"class":65},[47,32861,128],{"class":61},[47,32863,13467],{"class":98},[47,32865,13470],{"class":57},[47,32867,62],{"class":61},[47,32869,30842],{"class":65},[47,32871,69],{"class":61},[47,32873,32874,32876,32878,32880],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,32875,95],{"class":94},[47,32877,99],{"class":98},[47,32879,32843],{"class":102},[47,32881,106],{"class":98},[20,32883,144],{},[38,32885,32887],{"className":40,"code":32886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32888,32889,32907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32890,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32892,17233],{"class":102},[47,32894,3178],{"class":98},[47,32896,3493],{"class":61},[47,32898,66],{"class":65},[47,32900,3493],{"class":61},[47,32902,136],{"class":98},[47,32904,9497],{"class":80},[47,32906,4080],{"class":98},[47,32908,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32910,17233],{"class":102},[47,32912,3178],{"class":98},[47,32914,3493],{"class":61},[47,32916,66],{"class":65},[47,32918,3493],{"class":61},[47,32920,136],{"class":98},[47,32922,9497],{"class":80},[47,32924,136],{"class":98},[47,32926,3488],{"class":61},[47,32928,30842],{"class":65},[47,32930,3493],{"class":61},[47,32932,4080],{"class":98},[20,32934,32935,32936,445],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32937,32938],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[38,32940,32942],{"className":40,"code":32941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32943,32944,32980,32999,33003],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,32945,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,32947,13398],{"class":53},[47,32949,58],{"class":57},[47,32951,10683],{"class":98},[47,32953,128],{"class":61},[47,32955,103],{"class":65},[47,32957,128],{"class":61},[47,32959,420],{"class":98},[47,32961,62],{"class":61},[47,32963,66],{"class":65},[47,32965,128],{"class":61},[47,32967,136],{"class":98},[47,32969,62],{"class":61},[47,32971,116],{"class":65},[47,32973,128],{"class":61},[47,32975,420],{"class":98},[47,32977,9497],{"class":80},[47,32979,9500],{"class":98},[47,32981,32982,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,32983,32984],{"class":53},"values_list ",[47,32986,58],{"class":57},[47,32988,22757],{"class":1788},[47,32990,99],{"class":98},[47,32992,17503],{"class":102},[47,32994,445],{"class":98},[47,32996,5553],{"class":102},[47,32998,7389],{"class":98},[47,33000,33001],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33002,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33004,33005,33007,33009,33012],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,33006,95],{"class":94},[47,33008,99],{"class":98},[47,33010,33011],{"class":102},"values_list",[47,33013,106],{"class":98},[20,33015,144],{},[38,33017,33019],{"className":40,"code":33018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33020,33021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33022,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33024,4092],{"class":98},[47,33026,3493],{"class":61},[47,33028,66],{"class":65},[47,33030,3493],{"class":61},[47,33032,136],{"class":98},[47,33034,9497],{"class":80},[47,33036,3828],{"class":98},[33,33038,11670],{"id":11669},[20,33040,33041],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[38,33043,33045],{"className":40,"code":33044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33046,33047,33101,33105,33119,33123,33133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33048,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077,33079,33082,33084,33086,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33050,24994],{"class":53},[47,33052,58],{"class":57},[47,33054,10683],{"class":98},[47,33056,128],{"class":61},[47,33058,25003],{"class":65},[47,33060,128],{"class":61},[47,33062,420],{"class":98},[47,33064,62],{"class":61},[47,33066,25012],{"class":65},[47,33068,128],{"class":61},[47,33070,136],{"class":98},[47,33072,62],{"class":61},[47,33074,25021],{"class":65},[47,33076,128],{"class":61},[47,33078,420],{"class":98},[47,33080,33081],{"class":80}," 2022",[47,33083,136],{"class":98},[47,33085,62],{"class":61},[47,33087,33088],{"class":65},"color",[47,33090,128],{"class":61},[47,33092,420],{"class":98},[47,33094,62],{"class":61},[47,33096,894],{"class":65},[47,33098,128],{"class":61},[47,33100,9500],{"class":98},[47,33102,33103],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33104,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33106,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33108,1290],{"class":53},[47,33110,58],{"class":57},[47,33112,25043],{"class":53},[47,33114,445],{"class":98},[47,33116,5553],{"class":102},[47,33118,8836],{"class":98},[47,33120,33121],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,33122,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33124,33125,33127,33129,33131],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,33126,95],{"class":94},[47,33128,99],{"class":98},[47,33130,1315],{"class":102},[47,33132,106],{"class":98},[47,33134,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,33136,95],{"class":94},[47,33138,99],{"class":98},[47,33140,8288],{"class":1788},[47,33142,99],{"class":98},[47,33144,1315],{"class":102},[47,33146,1796],{"class":98},[20,33148,144],{},[38,33150,33152],{"className":40,"code":33151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33153,33154,33180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33155,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33157,17233],{"class":102},[47,33159,3178],{"class":98},[47,33161,3493],{"class":61},[47,33163,25012],{"class":65},[47,33165,3493],{"class":61},[47,33167,136],{"class":98},[47,33169,33081],{"class":80},[47,33171,136],{"class":98},[47,33173,3488],{"class":61},[47,33175,894],{"class":65},[47,33177,3493],{"class":61},[47,33179,4080],{"class":98},[47,33181,33182,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33183,4092],{"class":98},[47,33185,3493],{"class":61},[47,33187,25012],{"class":65},[47,33189,3493],{"class":61},[47,33191,136],{"class":98},[47,33193,33081],{"class":80},[47,33195,136],{"class":98},[47,33197,3488],{"class":61},[47,33199,894],{"class":65},[47,33201,3493],{"class":61},[47,33203,3828],{"class":98},[20,33205,11879],{},[187,33207,33208,33214,33220,33228],{},[190,33209,33210,33213],{},[15,33211,33212],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[190,33215,33216,33219],{},[15,33217,33218],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[190,33221,33222,33225,33226,24815],{},[15,33223,33224],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33227,17233],{},[190,33229,33230,33233],{},[15,33231,33232],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[33,33235,33237],{"id":33236},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33239,33240,33241,26263],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33242,1462],{},[38,33244,33246],{"className":40,"code":33245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33247,33248,33292,33296,33312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33249,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33251,5261],{"class":53},[47,33253,58],{"class":57},[47,33255,10683],{"class":98},[47,33257,128],{"class":61},[47,33259,18613],{"class":65},[47,33261,128],{"class":61},[47,33263,420],{"class":98},[47,33265,20095],{"class":80},[47,33267,136],{"class":98},[47,33269,62],{"class":61},[47,33271,31351],{"class":65},[47,33273,128],{"class":61},[47,33275,420],{"class":98},[47,33277,13701],{"class":80},[47,33279,136],{"class":98},[47,33281,62],{"class":61},[47,33283,18622],{"class":65},[47,33285,128],{"class":61},[47,33287,420],{"class":98},[47,33289,29120],{"class":80},[47,33291,9500],{"class":98},[47,33293,33294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33295,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33297,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33299,1462],{"class":1461},[47,33301,21782],{"class":53},[47,33303,1468],{"class":1461},[47,33305,5307],{"class":53},[47,33307,445],{"class":98},[47,33309,5553],{"class":102},[47,33311,21793],{"class":98},[47,33313,33314,33316,33318,33320],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,33315,1499],{"class":94},[47,33317,99],{"class":98},[47,33319,2668],{"class":102},[47,33321,106],{"class":98},[20,33323,144],{},[38,33325,33327],{"className":40,"code":33326,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33328,33329,33334,33339],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33330,33331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33332,33333],{"class":80},"90\n",[47,33335,33336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33337,33338],{"class":80},"85\n",[47,33340,33341],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33342,33343],{"class":80},"88\n",[20,33345,17906],{},[187,33347,33348,33351,33354],{},[190,33349,33350],{},"You only need the values",[190,33352,33353],{},"You do not care about the keys",[190,33355,33356],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33358,33359,33360,3072,33364,445],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[594,33361,10930,33362,10934],{"href":17271},[15,33363,17274],{},[594,33365,22672],{"href":33366},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[33,33368,33370],{"id":33369},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33372,167,33373,33375],{},[15,33374,32938],{}," when you need a list.",[38,33377,33379],{"className":40,"code":33378,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33380,33381,33427,33431,33451,33455,33466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33382,33383,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33419,33421,33423,33425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33384,33385],{"class":53},"fruit_prices ",[47,33387,58],{"class":57},[47,33389,10683],{"class":98},[47,33391,128],{"class":61},[47,33393,4272],{"class":65},[47,33395,128],{"class":61},[47,33397,420],{"class":98},[47,33399,1562],{"class":80},[47,33401,136],{"class":98},[47,33403,62],{"class":61},[47,33405,4281],{"class":65},[47,33407,128],{"class":61},[47,33409,420],{"class":98},[47,33411,1545],{"class":80},[47,33413,136],{"class":98},[47,33415,62],{"class":61},[47,33417,33418],{"class":65},"orange",[47,33420,128],{"class":61},[47,33422,420],{"class":98},[47,33424,249],{"class":80},[47,33426,9500],{"class":98},[47,33428,33429],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33430,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33432,33433,33436,33438,33440,33442,33445,33447,33449],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33434,33435],{"class":53},"price_list ",[47,33437,58],{"class":57},[47,33439,22757],{"class":1788},[47,33441,99],{"class":98},[47,33443,33444],{"class":102},"fruit_prices",[47,33446,445],{"class":98},[47,33448,5553],{"class":102},[47,33450,7389],{"class":98},[47,33452,33453],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,33454,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33456,33457,33459,33461,33464],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,33458,95],{"class":94},[47,33460,99],{"class":98},[47,33462,33463],{"class":102},"price_list",[47,33465,106],{"class":98},[47,33467,33468,33470,33472,33474,33476,33478],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,33469,95],{"class":94},[47,33471,99],{"class":98},[47,33473,33463],{"class":102},[47,33475,4092],{"class":98},[47,33477,2321],{"class":80},[47,33479,4080],{"class":98},[20,33481,144],{},[38,33483,33485],{"className":40,"code":33484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33486,33487,33503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33488,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33490,4092],{"class":98},[47,33492,243],{"class":80},[47,33494,136],{"class":98},[47,33496,1545],{"class":80},[47,33498,136],{"class":98},[47,33500,249],{"class":80},[47,33502,3828],{"class":98},[47,33504,33505],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33506,17252],{"class":80},[20,33508,33509],{},"This is helpful for:",[187,33511,33512,33515,33518],{},[190,33513,33514],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[190,33516,33517],{},"Accessing values by index",[190,33519,33520],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33522,4117,33523,33525],{},[15,33524,17233],{}," is not the same as a list.",[33,33527,33529,10778,33531,10778,33533],{"id":33528},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33530,17267],{},[15,33532,17261],{},[15,33534,17274],{},[20,33536,33537],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[187,33539,33540,33545,33550],{},[190,33541,33542,33544],{},[15,33543,17267],{}," returns only the values",[190,33546,33547,33549],{},[15,33548,17261],{}," returns only the keys",[190,33551,33552,33554],{},[15,33553,17274],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33556,2327],{},[38,33558,33560],{"className":40,"code":33559,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33561,33562,33598,33602,33616,33630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33563,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33565,13058],{"class":53},[47,33567,58],{"class":57},[47,33569,10683],{"class":98},[47,33571,128],{"class":61},[47,33573,103],{"class":65},[47,33575,128],{"class":61},[47,33577,420],{"class":98},[47,33579,62],{"class":61},[47,33581,13075],{"class":65},[47,33583,128],{"class":61},[47,33585,136],{"class":98},[47,33587,62],{"class":61},[47,33589,116],{"class":65},[47,33591,128],{"class":61},[47,33593,420],{"class":98},[47,33595,7986],{"class":80},[47,33597,9500],{"class":98},[47,33599,33600],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33601,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33603,33604,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33605,95],{"class":94},[47,33607,99],{"class":98},[47,33609,13820],{"class":102},[47,33611,445],{"class":98},[47,33613,17119],{"class":102},[47,33615,7389],{"class":98},[47,33617,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,33619,95],{"class":94},[47,33621,99],{"class":98},[47,33623,13820],{"class":102},[47,33625,445],{"class":98},[47,33627,5553],{"class":102},[47,33629,7389],{"class":98},[47,33631,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,33633,95],{"class":94},[47,33635,99],{"class":98},[47,33637,13820],{"class":102},[47,33639,445],{"class":98},[47,33641,8006],{"class":102},[47,33643,7389],{"class":98},[20,33645,144],{},[38,33647,33649],{"className":40,"code":33648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33650,33651,33673,33691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33652,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33654,17210],{"class":102},[47,33656,3178],{"class":98},[47,33658,3493],{"class":61},[47,33660,103],{"class":65},[47,33662,3493],{"class":61},[47,33664,136],{"class":98},[47,33666,3488],{"class":61},[47,33668,116],{"class":65},[47,33670,3493],{"class":61},[47,33672,4080],{"class":98},[47,33674,33675,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687,33689],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33676,17233],{"class":102},[47,33678,3178],{"class":98},[47,33680,3493],{"class":61},[47,33682,13075],{"class":65},[47,33684,3493],{"class":61},[47,33686,136],{"class":98},[47,33688,7986],{"class":80},[47,33690,4080],{"class":98},[47,33692,33693,33695,33697,33699,33701,33703,33705,33707],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33694,22105],{"class":102},[47,33696,9849],{"class":98},[47,33698,3493],{"class":61},[47,33700,103],{"class":65},[47,33702,3493],{"class":61},[47,33704,136],{"class":98},[47,33706,7986],{"class":80},[47,33708,10872],{"class":98},[20,33710,18891],{},[187,33712,33713,33720,33727],{},[190,33714,33715,33719],{},[594,33716,33717],{"href":17258},[15,33718,17261],{}," when you need just the keys",[190,33721,33722,33726],{},[594,33723,33724],{"href":17264},[15,33725,17267],{}," when you need just the values",[190,33728,33729,33733],{},[594,33730,33731],{"href":17271},[15,33732,17274],{}," when you need both",[33,33735,4713],{"id":4712},[20,33737,33738,33739,445],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33740,17267],{},[447,33742,29848,33744,33746],{"id":33743},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33745,17267],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33748,33749,33751],{},[15,33750,17267],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33753,16839],{},[38,33755,33757],{"className":40,"code":33756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33758,33759,33779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33760,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33762,8502],{"class":53},[47,33764,58],{"class":57},[47,33766,3815],{"class":98},[47,33768,1476],{"class":80},[47,33770,136],{"class":98},[47,33772,1562],{"class":80},[47,33774,136],{"class":98},[47,33776,249],{"class":80},[47,33778,3828],{"class":98},[47,33780,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33782,95],{"class":94},[47,33784,99],{"class":98},[47,33786,8533],{"class":102},[47,33788,445],{"class":98},[47,33790,5553],{"class":102},[47,33792,7389],{"class":98},[20,33794,33795,33796,33798],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33797,17267],{}," method.",[20,33800,33801],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[38,33803,33805],{"className":40,"code":33804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33806,33807],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33808,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33810,95],{"class":94},[47,33812,99],{"class":98},[47,33814,1922],{"class":1788},[47,33816,99],{"class":98},[47,33818,8533],{"class":102},[47,33820,1796],{"class":98},[20,33822,33823,33824,33826,33827,445],{},"If you get an ",[15,33825,25870],{},", see ",[594,33828,25878,33829,33831],{"href":25877},[15,33830,25881],{}," errors",[447,33833,4774,33835,33837],{"id":33834},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33836,17267],{}," returns a list",[20,33839,33840],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[38,33842,33844],{"className":40,"code":33843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33845,33846,33882,33896,33900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33847,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876,33878,33880],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33849,13058],{"class":53},[47,33851,58],{"class":57},[47,33853,10683],{"class":98},[47,33855,128],{"class":61},[47,33857,103],{"class":65},[47,33859,128],{"class":61},[47,33861,420],{"class":98},[47,33863,62],{"class":61},[47,33865,13075],{"class":65},[47,33867,128],{"class":61},[47,33869,136],{"class":98},[47,33871,62],{"class":61},[47,33873,116],{"class":65},[47,33875,128],{"class":61},[47,33877,420],{"class":98},[47,33879,7986],{"class":80},[47,33881,9500],{"class":98},[47,33883,33884,33886,33888,33890,33892,33894],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,33885,4015],{"class":53},[47,33887,58],{"class":57},[47,33889,13101],{"class":53},[47,33891,445],{"class":98},[47,33893,5553],{"class":102},[47,33895,8836],{"class":98},[47,33897,33898],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,33899,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,33901,33902,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,33903,95],{"class":94},[47,33905,99],{"class":98},[47,33907,1922],{"class":1788},[47,33909,99],{"class":98},[47,33911,5553],{"class":102},[47,33913,1796],{"class":98},[20,33915,144],{},[38,33917,33919],{"className":40,"code":33918,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33920,33921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33922,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33924,3482],{"class":57},[47,33926,3485],{"class":2266},[47,33928,3488],{"class":61},[47,33930,17233],{"class":65},[47,33932,3493],{"class":61},[47,33934,3496],{"class":57},[20,33936,5345,33937,33939],{},[15,33938,17233],{},", not a list.",[20,33941,33942],{},"If you need a list:",[38,33944,33946],{"className":40,"code":33945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33947,33948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33949,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33951,4015],{"class":53},[47,33953,58],{"class":57},[47,33955,22757],{"class":1788},[47,33957,99],{"class":98},[47,33959,13820],{"class":102},[47,33961,445],{"class":98},[47,33963,5553],{"class":102},[47,33965,7389],{"class":98},[447,33967,33969,33970],{"id":33968},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33971,17233],{},[20,33973,33974],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[38,33976,33978],{"className":40,"code":33977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33979,33980,34016,34030,34034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,33981,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,33983,13058],{"class":53},[47,33985,58],{"class":57},[47,33987,10683],{"class":98},[47,33989,128],{"class":61},[47,33991,103],{"class":65},[47,33993,128],{"class":61},[47,33995,420],{"class":98},[47,33997,62],{"class":61},[47,33999,13075],{"class":65},[47,34001,128],{"class":61},[47,34003,136],{"class":98},[47,34005,62],{"class":61},[47,34007,116],{"class":65},[47,34009,128],{"class":61},[47,34011,420],{"class":98},[47,34013,7986],{"class":80},[47,34015,9500],{"class":98},[47,34017,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34019,4015],{"class":53},[47,34021,58],{"class":57},[47,34023,13101],{"class":53},[47,34025,445],{"class":98},[47,34027,5553],{"class":102},[47,34029,8836],{"class":98},[47,34031,34032],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,34033,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,34035,34036],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,34037,34038],{"class":3857},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34040,34041],{},"Convert to a list first:",[38,34043,34045],{"className":40,"code":34044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34046,34047,34083,34101,34105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34048,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34050,13058],{"class":53},[47,34052,58],{"class":57},[47,34054,10683],{"class":98},[47,34056,128],{"class":61},[47,34058,103],{"class":65},[47,34060,128],{"class":61},[47,34062,420],{"class":98},[47,34064,62],{"class":61},[47,34066,13075],{"class":65},[47,34068,128],{"class":61},[47,34070,136],{"class":98},[47,34072,62],{"class":61},[47,34074,116],{"class":65},[47,34076,128],{"class":61},[47,34078,420],{"class":98},[47,34080,7986],{"class":80},[47,34082,9500],{"class":98},[47,34084,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34086,4015],{"class":53},[47,34088,58],{"class":57},[47,34090,22757],{"class":1788},[47,34092,99],{"class":98},[47,34094,13820],{"class":102},[47,34096,445],{"class":98},[47,34098,5553],{"class":102},[47,34100,7389],{"class":98},[47,34102,34103],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,34104,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,34106,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,34108,95],{"class":94},[47,34110,99],{"class":98},[47,34112,5553],{"class":102},[47,34114,4092],{"class":98},[47,34116,2321],{"class":80},[47,34118,4080],{"class":98},[447,34120,1654,34122,11285,34124],{"id":34121},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34123,5553],{},[15,34125,17267],{},[20,34127,34128],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[38,34130,34132],{"className":40,"code":34131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34133,34134,34170,34174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34135,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156,34158,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34137,13058],{"class":53},[47,34139,58],{"class":57},[47,34141,10683],{"class":98},[47,34143,128],{"class":61},[47,34145,103],{"class":65},[47,34147,128],{"class":61},[47,34149,420],{"class":98},[47,34151,62],{"class":61},[47,34153,13075],{"class":65},[47,34155,128],{"class":61},[47,34157,136],{"class":98},[47,34159,62],{"class":61},[47,34161,116],{"class":65},[47,34163,128],{"class":61},[47,34165,420],{"class":98},[47,34167,7986],{"class":80},[47,34169,9500],{"class":98},[47,34171,34172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34173,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,34175,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,34177,95],{"class":94},[47,34179,99],{"class":98},[47,34181,13820],{"class":102},[47,34183,445],{"class":98},[47,34185,5553],{"class":24948},[47,34187,106],{"class":98},[20,34189,34190,34193],{},[15,34191,34192],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34195,18891],{},[38,34197,34199],{"className":40,"code":34198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34200,34201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34202,34203,34205,34207,34209,34211,34213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34204,95],{"class":94},[47,34206,99],{"class":98},[47,34208,13820],{"class":102},[47,34210,445],{"class":98},[47,34212,5553],{"class":102},[47,34214,7389],{"class":98},[447,34216,34218],{"id":34217},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34220,34221],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[38,34223,34225],{"className":40,"code":34224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34226,34227,34259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34228,34229,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247,34249,34251,34253,34255,34257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34230,9359],{"class":53},[47,34232,58],{"class":57},[47,34234,10683],{"class":98},[47,34236,128],{"class":61},[47,34238,594],{"class":65},[47,34240,128],{"class":61},[47,34242,420],{"class":98},[47,34244,1545],{"class":80},[47,34246,136],{"class":98},[47,34248,62],{"class":61},[47,34250,4957],{"class":65},[47,34252,128],{"class":61},[47,34254,420],{"class":98},[47,34256,1562],{"class":80},[47,34258,9500],{"class":98},[47,34260,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34262,95],{"class":94},[47,34264,99],{"class":98},[47,34266,9396],{"class":102},[47,34268,445],{"class":98},[47,34270,5553],{"class":102},[47,34272,7389],{"class":98},[20,34274,34275],{},"Not like this:",[38,34277,34279],{"className":40,"code":34278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34280,34281,34286,34291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34282,34283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34284,34285],{"class":3857},"# Wrong examples:\n",[47,34287,34288],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34289,34290],{"class":3857},"# data().values()\n",[47,34292,34293],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,34294,34295],{"class":3857},"# values(data)\n",[20,34297,3533],{},[38,34299,34301],{"className":40,"code":34300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34302,34303,34317,34327,34341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34304,34305,34307,34309,34311,34313,34315],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34306,95],{"class":94},[47,34308,99],{"class":98},[47,34310,1922],{"class":1788},[47,34312,99],{"class":98},[47,34314,11644],{"class":102},[47,34316,1796],{"class":98},[47,34318,34319,34321,34323,34325],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34320,95],{"class":94},[47,34322,99],{"class":98},[47,34324,11644],{"class":102},[47,34326,106],{"class":98},[47,34328,34329,34331,34333,34335,34337,34339],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,34330,95],{"class":94},[47,34332,99],{"class":98},[47,34334,11644],{"class":102},[47,34336,445],{"class":98},[47,34338,5553],{"class":102},[47,34340,7389],{"class":98},[47,34342,34343,34345,34347,34349,34351,34353,34355,34357],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,34344,95],{"class":94},[47,34346,99],{"class":98},[47,34348,8288],{"class":1788},[47,34350,99],{"class":98},[47,34352,11644],{"class":102},[47,34354,445],{"class":98},[47,34356,5553],{"class":102},[47,34358,6483],{"class":98},[33,34360,1969],{"id":1968},[447,34362,5339,34364,5342],{"id":34363},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34365,32517],{},[20,34367,17618,34368,34370],{},[15,34369,17233],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[447,34372,1973,34374,24129],{"id":34373},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34375,17267],{},[20,34377,24132,34378,24136],{},[15,34379,34380],{},"list(...)",[447,34382,26255,34384,2009],{"id":34383},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34385,32517],{},[20,34387,34388,34389,26263],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34390,1462],{},[447,34392,1973,34394,34396],{"id":34393},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34395,32517],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34398,34399],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[447,34401,34403,34404,34406,34407,2009],{"id":34402},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34405,17267],{}," different from ",[15,34408,17274],{},[20,34410,34411,34413,34414,34416],{},[15,34412,17267],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34415,17274],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[33,34418,2075],{"id":2074},[187,34420,34421,34427,34433,34437,34443,34447],{},[190,34422,34423],{},[594,34424,10930,34425,10934],{"href":17258},[15,34426,17261],{},[190,34428,34429],{},[594,34430,10930,34431,10934],{"href":17271},[15,34432,17274],{},[190,34434,34435],{},[594,34436,11436],{"href":9582},[190,34438,34439],{},[594,34440,34442],{"href":34441},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[190,34444,34445],{},[594,34446,24214],{"href":33366},[190,34448,34449],{},[594,34450,30546,34451],{"href":25877},[15,34452,34453],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2110,34455,34456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":34458},[34459,34460,34462,34463,34465,34466,34467,34468,34470,34481,34493],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":32687,"depth":72,"text":34461},"What values() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":32757,"depth":72,"text":34464},"What values() returns",{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":33236,"depth":72,"text":33237},{"id":33369,"depth":72,"text":33370},{"id":33528,"depth":72,"text":34469},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":34471},[34472,34474,34476,34478,34480],{"id":33743,"depth":84,"text":34473},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33834,"depth":84,"text":34475},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33968,"depth":84,"text":34477},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34121,"depth":84,"text":34479},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34217,"depth":84,"text":34218},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":34482},[34483,34485,34487,34489,34491],{"id":34363,"depth":84,"text":34484},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34373,"depth":84,"text":34486},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34383,"depth":84,"text":34488},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34393,"depth":84,"text":34490},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34402,"depth":84,"text":34492},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32505,"description":34494},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34500,"title":34501,"body":34502,"description":35928,"extension":2167,"meta":35929,"navigation":87,"path":35930,"seo":35931,"stem":35932,"__hash__":35933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34503,"toc":35880},[34504,34510,34515,34518,34534,34543,34545,34577,34583,34586,34679,34682,34687,34692,34695,34706,34708,34722,34728,34730,34735,34741,34744,34783,34791,34796,34799,34844,34847,34859,34865,34871,34875,34907,34910,34928,34931,34935,34974,34976,34996,34999,35011,35016,35022,35025,35079,35082,35093,35096,35107,35110,35114,35120,35122,35152,35155,35170,35173,35176,35195,35198,35214,35223,35225,35256,35262,35267,35270,35277,35308,35311,35333,35336,35339,35353,35357,35388,35403,35410,35417,35421,35429,35433,35441,35444,35493,35504,35506,35509,35515,35520,35529,35533,35536,35539,35543,35546,35548,35569,35573,35579,35590,35596,35598,35604,35628,35631,35694,35697,35725,35728,35790,35792,35797,35800,35807,35815,35822,35825,35833,35839,35841,35868,35877],[10,34505,13,34507,18],{"id":34506},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34508,34509],{},"dir()",[20,34511,22,34512,34514],{},[15,34513,34509],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34516,34517],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[187,34519,34520,34523,34526,34531],{},[190,34521,34522],{},"learning Python",[190,34524,34525],{},"exploring a new object",[190,34527,34528,34529],{},"debugging an ",[15,34530,25870],{},[190,34532,34533],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34535,34536,34537,34539,34540],{},"In short, ",[15,34538,34509],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[280,34541,34542],{},"“What can I use here?”",[33,34544,36],{"id":35},[38,34546,34548],{"className":40,"code":34547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34549,34550,34562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34551,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34553,54],{"class":53},[47,34555,58],{"class":57},[47,34557,62],{"class":61},[47,34559,4038],{"class":65},[47,34561,69],{"class":61},[47,34563,34564,34566,34568,34571,34573,34575],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34565,95],{"class":94},[47,34567,99],{"class":98},[47,34569,34570],{"class":94},"dir",[47,34572,99],{"class":98},[47,34574,103],{"class":102},[47,34576,1796],{"class":98},[20,34578,167,34579,34582],{},[15,34580,34581],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34584,34585],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[38,34587,34589],{"className":40,"code":34588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34590,34591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34592,34593,34595,34597,34600,34602,34604,34606,34609,34611,34613,34615,34618,34620,34622,34624,34627,34629,34631,34633,34636,34638,34640,34642,34645,34647,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657,34659,34661,34663,34666,34668,34670,34672,34675,34677],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34594,4092],{"class":98},[47,34596,3493],{"class":61},[47,34598,34599],{"class":65},"__add__",[47,34601,3493],{"class":61},[47,34603,136],{"class":98},[47,34605,3488],{"class":61},[47,34607,34608],{"class":65},"__class__",[47,34610,3493],{"class":61},[47,34612,136],{"class":98},[47,34614,3488],{"class":61},[47,34616,34617],{"class":65},"__contains__",[47,34619,3493],{"class":61},[47,34621,136],{"class":98},[47,34623,3488],{"class":61},[47,34625,34626],{"class":65},"__delattr__",[47,34628,3493],{"class":61},[47,34630,136],{"class":98},[47,34632,3488],{"class":61},[47,34634,34635],{"class":65},"__dir__",[47,34637,3493],{"class":61},[47,34639,136],{"class":98},[47,34641,3488],{"class":61},[47,34643,34644],{"class":65},"__doc__",[47,34646,3493],{"class":61},[47,34648,136],{"class":98},[47,34650,317],{"class":1213},[47,34652,136],{"class":98},[47,34654,3488],{"class":61},[47,34656,8833],{"class":65},[47,34658,3493],{"class":61},[47,34660,136],{"class":98},[47,34662,3488],{"class":61},[47,34664,34665],{"class":65},"split",[47,34667,3493],{"class":61},[47,34669,136],{"class":98},[47,34671,3488],{"class":61},[47,34673,34674],{"class":65},"upper",[47,34676,3493],{"class":61},[47,34678,3828],{"class":98},[20,34680,34681],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[33,34683,174,34685,177],{"id":34684},"what-dir-does",[15,34686,34509],{},[20,34688,34689,34691],{},[15,34690,34509],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34693,34694],{},"It usually includes:",[187,34696,34697,34700,34703],{},[190,34698,34699],{},"attributes",[190,34701,34702],{},"methods",[190,34704,34705],{},"special Python names",[20,34707,11653],{},[187,34709,34710,34716,34719],{},[190,34711,34712,34713],{},"The result is a ",[280,34714,34715],{},"list of strings",[190,34717,34718],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[190,34720,34721],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34723,34724,34725,34727],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34726,34509],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[33,34729,290],{"id":289},[20,34731,34732,34734],{},[15,34733,34509],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[447,34736,34738,34740],{"id":34737},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34739,34509],{}," with no argument",[20,34742,34743],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[38,34745,34747],{"className":40,"code":34746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34748,34749,34757,34769,34773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34750,34751,34753,34755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34752,3216],{"class":53},[47,34754,58],{"class":57},[47,34756,423],{"class":80},[47,34758,34759,34761,34763,34765,34767],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34760,54],{"class":53},[47,34762,58],{"class":57},[47,34764,62],{"class":61},[47,34766,7872],{"class":65},[47,34768,69],{"class":61},[47,34770,34771],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,34772,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,34774,34775,34777,34779,34781],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,34776,95],{"class":94},[47,34778,99],{"class":98},[47,34780,34570],{"class":94},[47,34782,7389],{"class":98},[20,34784,34785,34786,839,34788,34790],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34787,2374],{},[15,34789,103],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[447,34792,34794],{"id":34793},"dirobject",[15,34795,34581],{},[20,34797,34798],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[38,34800,34802],{"className":40,"code":34801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34803,34804,34822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34805,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814,34816,34818,34820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34807,95],{"class":94},[47,34809,99],{"class":98},[47,34811,34570],{"class":94},[47,34813,99],{"class":98},[47,34815,128],{"class":61},[47,34817,4038],{"class":65},[47,34819,128],{"class":61},[47,34821,1796],{"class":98},[47,34823,34824,34826,34828,34830,34832,34834,34836,34838,34840,34842],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34825,95],{"class":94},[47,34827,99],{"class":98},[47,34829,34570],{"class":94},[47,34831,3178],{"class":98},[47,34833,1476],{"class":80},[47,34835,136],{"class":98},[47,34837,1562],{"class":80},[47,34839,136],{"class":98},[47,34841,249],{"class":80},[47,34843,3191],{"class":98},[20,34845,34846],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[187,34848,34849,34851,34853,34856],{},[190,34850,5503],{},[190,34852,5494],{},[190,34854,34855],{},"modules",[190,34857,34858],{},"custom objects",[33,34860,1654,34862,34864],{"id":34861},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34863,34509],{}," with a value",[20,34866,34867,34868,34870],{},"A common use of ",[15,34869,34509],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[447,34872,34874],{"id":34873},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[38,34876,34878],{"className":40,"code":34877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34879,34880,34893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34881,34882,34885,34887,34889,34891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34883,34884],{"class":53},"text ",[47,34886,58],{"class":57},[47,34888,62],{"class":61},[47,34890,4038],{"class":65},[47,34892,69],{"class":61},[47,34894,34895,34897,34899,34901,34903,34905],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34896,95],{"class":94},[47,34898,99],{"class":98},[47,34900,34570],{"class":94},[47,34902,99],{"class":98},[47,34904,192],{"class":102},[47,34906,1796],{"class":98},[20,34908,34909],{},"You will see method names like:",[187,34911,34912,34916,34920,34924],{},[190,34913,34914],{},[15,34915,8833],{},[190,34917,34918],{},[15,34919,34674],{},[190,34921,34922],{},[15,34923,34665],{},[190,34925,34926],{},[15,34927,8827],{},[20,34929,34930],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[447,34932,34934],{"id":34933},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[38,34936,34938],{"className":40,"code":34937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34939,34940,34960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,34941,34942,34944,34946,34948,34950,34952,34954,34956,34958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,34943,3810],{"class":53},[47,34945,58],{"class":57},[47,34947,3815],{"class":98},[47,34949,1476],{"class":80},[47,34951,136],{"class":98},[47,34953,1562],{"class":80},[47,34955,136],{"class":98},[47,34957,249],{"class":80},[47,34959,3828],{"class":98},[47,34961,34962,34964,34966,34968,34970,34972],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,34963,95],{"class":94},[47,34965,99],{"class":98},[47,34967,34570],{"class":94},[47,34969,99],{"class":98},[47,34971,195],{"class":102},[47,34973,1796],{"class":98},[20,34975,34909],{},[187,34977,34978,34982,34986,34991],{},[190,34979,34980],{},[15,34981,13747],{},[190,34983,34984],{},[15,34985,26440],{},[190,34987,34988],{},[15,34989,34990],{},"remove",[190,34992,34993],{},[15,34994,34995],{},"sort",[20,34997,34998],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35000,35001,35002,35007,35008,35010],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[594,35003,35005],{"href":35004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35006,2500],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35009,34509],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[33,35012,1654,35014,34740],{"id":35013},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35015,34509],{},[20,35017,35018,35019,35021],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35020,34509],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35023,35024],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[38,35026,35028],{"className":40,"code":35027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35029,35030,35039,35043,35054,35065,35069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35031,35032,35034,35036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35033,3216],{"class":53},[47,35035,58],{"class":57},[47,35037,35038],{"class":80}," 5\n",[47,35040,35041],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35042,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,35044,35045,35048,35052],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,35046,35047],{"class":2266},"def",[47,35049,35051],{"class":35050},"sGLFI"," greet",[47,35053,21793],{"class":98},[47,35055,35056,35059,35061,35063],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,35057,35058],{"class":1461},"    return",[47,35060,62],{"class":61},[47,35062,131],{"class":65},[47,35064,69],{"class":61},[47,35066,35067],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,35068,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,35070,35071,35073,35075,35077],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,35072,95],{"class":94},[47,35074,99],{"class":98},[47,35076,34570],{"class":94},[47,35078,7389],{"class":98},[20,35080,35081],{},"The output will include names like:",[187,35083,35084,35088],{},[190,35085,35086],{},[15,35087,2374],{},[190,35089,35090],{},[15,35091,35092],{},"greet",[20,35094,35095],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[187,35097,35098,35101,35104],{},[190,35099,35100],{},"what variables exist",[190,35102,35103],{},"what functions you have defined",[190,35105,35106],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35108,35109],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[33,35111,35113],{"id":35112},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35115,35116,35117,35119],{},"When you first use ",[15,35118,34509],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35121,204],{},[38,35123,35124],{"className":40,"code":34877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35125,35126,35138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35127,35128,35130,35132,35134,35136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35129,34884],{"class":53},[47,35131,58],{"class":57},[47,35133,62],{"class":61},[47,35135,4038],{"class":65},[47,35137,69],{"class":61},[47,35139,35140,35142,35144,35146,35148,35150],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35141,95],{"class":94},[47,35143,99],{"class":98},[47,35145,34570],{"class":94},[47,35147,99],{"class":98},[47,35149,192],{"class":102},[47,35151,1796],{"class":98},[20,35153,35154],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[187,35156,35157,35161,35165],{},[190,35158,35159],{},[15,35160,34608],{},[190,35162,35163],{},[15,35164,34644],{},[190,35166,35167],{},[15,35168,35169],{},"__len__",[20,35171,35172],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35174,35175],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[187,35177,35178,35182,35186,35190],{},[190,35179,35180],{},[15,35181,34674],{},[190,35183,35184],{},[15,35185,8833],{},[190,35187,35188],{},[15,35189,34665],{},[190,35191,35192],{},[15,35193,35194],{},"replace",[20,35196,35197],{},"A key point to remember:",[187,35199,35200,35208],{},[190,35201,35202,35204,35205],{},[15,35203,34509],{}," lists ",[280,35206,35207],{},"names only",[190,35209,35210,35211,35213],{},"it does ",[280,35212,4826],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35215,35216,35217,445],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[594,35218,35220],{"href":35219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35221,35222],{},"help()",[20,35224,5667],{},[38,35226,35228],{"className":40,"code":35227,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35229,35230,35242],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35231,35232,35234,35236,35238,35240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35233,54],{"class":53},[47,35235,58],{"class":57},[47,35237,62],{"class":61},[47,35239,4038],{"class":65},[47,35241,69],{"class":61},[47,35243,35244,35246,35248,35250,35252,35254],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35245,1934],{"class":94},[47,35247,99],{"class":98},[47,35249,103],{"class":102},[47,35251,445],{"class":98},[47,35253,34674],{"class":24948},[47,35255,106],{"class":98},[33,35257,35259,35261],{"id":35258},"dir-on-modules",[15,35260,34509],{}," on modules",[20,35263,15909,35264,35266],{},[15,35265,34509],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35268,35269],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[447,35271,35273,35274,35276],{"id":35272},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35275,18613],{}," module",[38,35278,35280],{"className":40,"code":35279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35281,35282,35290,35294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35283,35284,35287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35285,35286],{"class":1461},"import",[47,35288,35289],{"class":53}," math\n",[47,35291,35292],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35293,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,35295,35296,35298,35300,35302,35304,35306],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,35297,95],{"class":94},[47,35299,99],{"class":98},[47,35301,34570],{"class":94},[47,35303,99],{"class":98},[47,35305,18613],{"class":102},[47,35307,1796],{"class":98},[20,35309,35310],{},"You may see names like:",[187,35312,35313,35318,35323,35328],{},[190,35314,35315],{},[15,35316,35317],{},"sqrt",[190,35319,35320],{},[15,35321,35322],{},"ceil",[190,35324,35325],{},[15,35326,35327],{},"floor",[190,35329,35330],{},[15,35331,35332],{},"pi",[20,35334,35335],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35337,35338],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[187,35340,35341,35347],{},[190,35342,35343],{},[594,35344,35346],{"href":35345},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[190,35348,35349],{},[594,35350,35352],{"href":35351},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[447,35354,35356],{"id":35355},"another-example","Another example",[38,35358,35360],{"className":40,"code":35359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35361,35362,35369,35373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35363,35364,35366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35365,35286],{"class":1461},[47,35367,35368],{"class":53}," json\n",[47,35370,35371],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35372,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,35374,35375,35377,35379,35381,35383,35386],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,35376,95],{"class":94},[47,35378,99],{"class":98},[47,35380,34570],{"class":94},[47,35382,99],{"class":98},[47,35384,35385],{"class":102},"json",[47,35387,1796],{"class":98},[20,35389,35390,35391,2390,35394,2390,35397,17268,35400,445],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35392,35393],{},"dump",[15,35395,35396],{},"dumps",[15,35398,35399],{},"load",[15,35401,35402],{},"loads",[33,35404,35406,10778,35408],{"id":35405},"dir-vs-help",[15,35407,34509],{},[15,35409,35222],{},[20,35411,35412,839,35414,35416],{},[15,35413,34509],{},[15,35415,35222],{}," are often used together.",[447,35418,35419],{"id":34570},[15,35420,34509],{},[187,35422,35423,35426],{},[190,35424,35425],{},"shows available names",[190,35427,35428],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[447,35430,35431],{"id":1934},[15,35432,35222],{},[187,35434,35435,35438],{},[190,35436,35437],{},"explains what an object or function does",[190,35439,35440],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35442,35443],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[38,35445,35447],{"className":40,"code":35446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35448,35449,35461,35465,35479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35450,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35452,54],{"class":53},[47,35454,58],{"class":57},[47,35456,62],{"class":61},[47,35458,4038],{"class":65},[47,35460,69],{"class":61},[47,35462,35463],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35464,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,35466,35467,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,35468,95],{"class":94},[47,35470,99],{"class":98},[47,35472,34570],{"class":94},[47,35474,99],{"class":98},[47,35476,103],{"class":102},[47,35478,1796],{"class":98},[47,35480,35481,35483,35485,35487,35489,35491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,35482,1934],{"class":94},[47,35484,99],{"class":98},[47,35486,103],{"class":102},[47,35488,445],{"class":98},[47,35490,34674],{"class":24948},[47,35492,106],{"class":98},[20,35494,167,35495,35497,35498,35500,35501,35503],{},[15,35496,34509],{}," first to find a method name.",[10038,35499],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35502,35222],{}," to understand how to use it.",[33,35505,25556],{"id":25555},[20,35507,35508],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[447,35510,35512,35514],{"id":35511},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35513,34509],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35516,35517,35519],{},[15,35518,34509],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35521,35522,35523,1817,35525,35528],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35524,34674],{},[15,35526,35527],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[447,35530,35532],{"id":35531},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35534,35535],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35537,35538],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[447,35540,35542],{"id":35541},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35544,35545],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35547,5667],{},[187,35549,35550,35555,35561],{},[190,35551,35552,35554],{},[15,35553,35527],{}," shows string-related names",[190,35556,35557,35560],{},[15,35558,35559],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[190,35562,35563,35566,35567,35276],{},[15,35564,35565],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35568,18613],{},[447,35570,35572],{"id":35571},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35574,35575,35576,35578],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35577,34509],{}," does not mean you already know:",[187,35580,35581,35584,35587],{},[190,35582,35583],{},"what it does",[190,35585,35586],{},"what arguments it needs",[190,35588,35589],{},"what it returns",[20,35591,35592,35593,35595],{},"That is why ",[15,35594,35222],{}," is the natural next step.",[33,35597,1595],{"id":1594},[20,35599,35600,35601,35603],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35602,34509],{}," in these situations:",[187,35605,35606,35609,35618,35621],{},[190,35607,35608],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[190,35610,35611,35612,35617],{},"Seeing an ",[594,35613,35615],{"href":35614},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35616,25870],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[190,35619,35620],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[190,35622,1654,35623,35625,35626],{},[15,35624,34509],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35627,35222],{},[20,35629,35630],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[38,35632,35634],{"className":40,"code":35633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35635,35636,35648,35652,35666,35680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35637,35638,35640,35642,35644,35646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35639,54],{"class":53},[47,35641,58],{"class":57},[47,35643,62],{"class":61},[47,35645,4038],{"class":65},[47,35647,69],{"class":61},[47,35649,35650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35651,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,35653,35654,35656,35658,35660,35662,35664],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,35655,95],{"class":94},[47,35657,99],{"class":98},[47,35659,1922],{"class":1788},[47,35661,99],{"class":98},[47,35663,103],{"class":102},[47,35665,1796],{"class":98},[47,35667,35668,35670,35672,35674,35676,35678],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,35669,95],{"class":94},[47,35671,99],{"class":98},[47,35673,34570],{"class":94},[47,35675,99],{"class":98},[47,35677,103],{"class":102},[47,35679,1796],{"class":98},[47,35681,35682,35684,35686,35688,35690,35692],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,35683,1934],{"class":94},[47,35685,99],{"class":98},[47,35687,103],{"class":102},[47,35689,445],{"class":98},[47,35691,34674],{"class":24948},[47,35693,106],{"class":98},[20,35695,35696],{},"And for modules:",[38,35698,35699],{"className":40,"code":35279,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,35700,35701,35707,35711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35702,35703,35705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35704,35286],{"class":1461},[47,35706,35289],{"class":53},[47,35708,35709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35710,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,35712,35713,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,35714,95],{"class":94},[47,35716,99],{"class":98},[47,35718,34570],{"class":94},[47,35720,99],{"class":98},[47,35722,18613],{"class":102},[47,35724,1796],{"class":98},[20,35726,35727],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[38,35729,35731],{"className":40,"code":35730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35732,35733,35738,35750,35760,35774,35780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35734,35735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35736,35737],{"class":53},"python\n",[47,35739,35740,35742,35744,35746,35748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,35741,54],{"class":53},[47,35743,58],{"class":57},[47,35745,62],{"class":61},[47,35747,4038],{"class":65},[47,35749,69],{"class":61},[47,35751,35752,35754,35756,35758],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,35753,34570],{"class":94},[47,35755,99],{"class":98},[47,35757,103],{"class":102},[47,35759,106],{"class":98},[47,35761,35762,35764,35766,35768,35770,35772],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,35763,1934],{"class":94},[47,35765,99],{"class":98},[47,35767,103],{"class":102},[47,35769,445],{"class":98},[47,35771,34674],{"class":24948},[47,35773,106],{"class":98},[47,35775,35776,35778],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,35777,35286],{"class":1461},[47,35779,35289],{"class":53},[47,35781,35782,35784,35786,35788],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,35783,34570],{"class":94},[47,35785,99],{"class":98},[47,35787,18613],{"class":102},[47,35789,106],{"class":98},[33,35791,1969],{"id":1968},[447,35793,5339,35795,5342],{"id":35794},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35796,34509],{},[20,35798,35799],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[447,35801,2055,35803,839,35805,2009],{"id":35802},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35804,34509],{},[15,35806,35222],{},[20,35808,35809,35811,35812,35814],{},[15,35810,34509],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35813,35222],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[447,35816,35818,35819,35821],{"id":35817},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35820,34509],{}," output?",[20,35823,35824],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[447,35826,1989,35828,35830,35831,2009],{"id":35827},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35829,34509],{}," help fix ",[15,35832,25870],{},[20,35834,35835,35836,445],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[594,35837,35838],{"href":35614},"object has no attribute",[33,35840,2075],{"id":2074},[187,35842,35843,35849,35854,35858,35862],{},[190,35844,35845],{},[594,35846,13,35847,2088],{"href":35219},[15,35848,35222],{},[190,35850,35851],{},[594,35852,35853],{"href":35614},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[190,35855,35856],{},[594,35857,35346],{"href":35345},[190,35859,35860],{},[594,35861,35352],{"href":35351},[190,35863,35864],{},[594,35865,13,35866,2088],{"href":35004},[15,35867,2500],{},[20,35869,35870,35871,35873,35874,35876],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35872,34509],{}," together with ",[15,35875,35222],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2110,35878,35879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":35881},[35882,35883,35885,35890,35895,35897,35898,35904,35909,35916,35917,35927],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":34684,"depth":72,"text":35884},"What dir() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":35886},[35887,35889],{"id":34737,"depth":84,"text":35888},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34793,"depth":84,"text":34581},{"id":34861,"depth":72,"text":35891,"children":35892},"Using dir() with a value",[35893,35894],{"id":34873,"depth":84,"text":34874},{"id":34933,"depth":84,"text":34934},{"id":35013,"depth":72,"text":35896},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35112,"depth":72,"text":35113},{"id":35258,"depth":72,"text":35899,"children":35900},"dir() on modules",[35901,35903],{"id":35272,"depth":84,"text":35902},"Example: math module",{"id":35355,"depth":84,"text":35356},{"id":35405,"depth":72,"text":35905,"children":35906},"dir() vs help()",[35907,35908],{"id":34570,"depth":84,"text":34509},{"id":1934,"depth":84,"text":35222},{"id":25555,"depth":72,"text":25556,"children":35910},[35911,35913,35914,35915],{"id":35511,"depth":84,"text":35912},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35531,"depth":84,"text":35532},{"id":35541,"depth":84,"text":35542},{"id":35571,"depth":84,"text":35572},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":35918},[35919,35921,35923,35925],{"id":35794,"depth":84,"text":35920},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35802,"depth":84,"text":35922},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35817,"depth":84,"text":35924},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35827,"depth":84,"text":35926},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34501,"description":35928},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35935,"title":35936,"body":35937,"description":37752,"extension":2167,"meta":37753,"navigation":87,"path":37754,"seo":37755,"stem":37756,"__hash__":37757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35938,"toc":37721},[35939,35945,35950,35953,35961,35967,35969,36049,36051,36076,36081,36086,36091,36094,36105,36108,36110,36188,36190,36216,36223,36225,36227,36252,36255,36268,36273,36275,36356,36358,36384,36393,36398,36406,36412,36419,36422,36424,36503,36506,36563,36565,36602,36608,36613,36618,36621,36635,36637,36740,36742,36785,36794,36804,36810,36815,36822,36905,36907,36930,36933,36936,36938,36942,36946,36949,37012,37035,37038,37042,37048,37050,37117,37119,37196,37201,37207,37210,37213,37259,37261,37285,37290,37294,37299,37305,37368,37371,37373,37376,37401,37404,37539,37541,37642,37644,37649,37652,37658,37668,37676,37681,37687,37693,37695,37718],[10,35940,13,35942,18],{"id":35941},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35943,35944],{},"enumerate()",[20,35946,35947,35949],{},[15,35948,35944],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35951,35952],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[187,35954,35955,35958],{},[190,35956,35957],{},"the item itself",[190,35959,35960],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35962,35963,35964,35966],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35965,35944],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[33,35968,36],{"id":35},[38,35970,35972],{"className":40,"code":35971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35973,35974,36006,36010,36033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,35975,35976,35978,35980,35982,35984,35986,35988,35990,35992,35994,35996,35998,36000,36002,36004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,35977,13271],{"class":53},[47,35979,58],{"class":57},[47,35981,3815],{"class":98},[47,35983,128],{"class":61},[47,35985,876],{"class":65},[47,35987,128],{"class":61},[47,35989,136],{"class":98},[47,35991,62],{"class":61},[47,35993,885],{"class":65},[47,35995,128],{"class":61},[47,35997,136],{"class":98},[47,35999,62],{"class":61},[47,36001,894],{"class":65},[47,36003,128],{"class":61},[47,36005,3828],{"class":98},[47,36007,36008],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36009,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36011,36012,36014,36017,36019,36022,36024,36027,36029,36031],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36013,1462],{"class":1461},[47,36015,36016],{"class":53}," index",[47,36018,136],{"class":98},[47,36020,36021],{"class":53}," color ",[47,36023,1468],{"class":1461},[47,36025,36026],{"class":94}," enumerate",[47,36028,99],{"class":98},[47,36030,17698],{"class":102},[47,36032,1483],{"class":98},[47,36034,36035,36037,36039,36042,36044,36047],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,36036,1499],{"class":94},[47,36038,99],{"class":98},[47,36040,36041],{"class":102},"index",[47,36043,136],{"class":98},[47,36045,36046],{"class":102}," color",[47,36048,106],{"class":98},[20,36050,144],{},[38,36052,36054],{"className":40,"code":36053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36055,36056,36063,36070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36057,36058,36060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36059,2321],{"class":80},[47,36061,36062],{"class":53}," red\n",[47,36064,36065,36067],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36066,1476],{"class":80},[47,36068,36069],{"class":53}," green\n",[47,36071,36072,36074],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36073,243],{"class":80},[47,36075,1041],{"class":53},[20,36077,167,36078,36080],{},[15,36079,35944],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[33,36082,174,36084,177],{"id":36083},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36085,35944],{},[20,36087,36088,36090],{},[15,36089,35944],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36092,36093],{},"It is commonly used with:",[187,36095,36096,36098,36100,36102],{},[190,36097,5494],{},[190,36099,5497],{},[190,36101,5503],{},[190,36103,36104],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36106,36107],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36109,204],{},[38,36111,36113],{"className":40,"code":36112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36114,36115,36149,36153,36174],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36116,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129,36131,36133,36136,36138,36140,36142,36145,36147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36118,5192],{"class":53},[47,36120,58],{"class":57},[47,36122,3815],{"class":98},[47,36124,128],{"class":61},[47,36126,13075],{"class":65},[47,36128,128],{"class":61},[47,36130,136],{"class":98},[47,36132,62],{"class":61},[47,36134,36135],{"class":65},"Ben",[47,36137,128],{"class":61},[47,36139,136],{"class":98},[47,36141,62],{"class":61},[47,36143,36144],{"class":65},"Cara",[47,36146,128],{"class":61},[47,36148,3828],{"class":98},[47,36150,36151],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36152,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36154,36155,36157,36159,36161,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36156,1462],{"class":1461},[47,36158,36016],{"class":53},[47,36160,136],{"class":98},[47,36162,36163],{"class":53}," name ",[47,36165,1468],{"class":1461},[47,36167,36026],{"class":94},[47,36169,99],{"class":98},[47,36171,5236],{"class":102},[47,36173,1483],{"class":98},[47,36175,36176,36178,36180,36182,36184,36186],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,36177,1499],{"class":94},[47,36179,99],{"class":98},[47,36181,36041],{"class":102},[47,36183,136],{"class":98},[47,36185,139],{"class":102},[47,36187,106],{"class":98},[20,36189,144],{},[38,36191,36193],{"className":40,"code":36192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36194,36195,36202,36209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36196,36197,36199],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36198,2321],{"class":80},[47,36200,36201],{"class":53}," Ana\n",[47,36203,36204,36206],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36205,1476],{"class":80},[47,36207,36208],{"class":53}," Ben\n",[47,36210,36211,36213],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36212,243],{"class":80},[47,36214,36215],{"class":53}," Cara\n",[20,36217,36218,36219,445],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[594,36220,36222],{"href":36221},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[33,36224,290],{"id":289},[20,36226,2360],{},[38,36228,36230],{"className":40,"code":36229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36231,36232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36233,36234,36237,36239,36241,36243,36246,36248,36250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36235,36236],{"class":94},"enumerate",[47,36238,99],{"class":98},[47,36240,3913],{"class":102},[47,36242,136],{"class":98},[47,36244,36245],{"class":951}," start",[47,36247,58],{"class":57},[47,36249,2321],{"class":80},[47,36251,106],{"class":98},[20,36253,36254],{},"It has two parts:",[187,36256,36257,36262],{},[190,36258,36259,36261],{},[15,36260,3913],{},": the object you want to loop through",[190,36263,36264,36267],{},[15,36265,36266],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36269,36270,36271,445],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36272,2321],{},[20,36274,204],{},[38,36276,36278],{"className":40,"code":36277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36279,36280,36313,36317,36340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36281,36282,36285,36287,36289,36291,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36283,36284],{"class":53},"letters ",[47,36286,58],{"class":57},[47,36288,3815],{"class":98},[47,36290,128],{"class":61},[47,36292,594],{"class":65},[47,36294,128],{"class":61},[47,36296,136],{"class":98},[47,36298,62],{"class":61},[47,36300,4957],{"class":65},[47,36302,128],{"class":61},[47,36304,136],{"class":98},[47,36306,62],{"class":61},[47,36308,9931],{"class":65},[47,36310,128],{"class":61},[47,36312,3828],{"class":98},[47,36314,36315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36316,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36318,36319,36321,36324,36326,36329,36331,36333,36335,36338],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36320,1462],{"class":1461},[47,36322,36323],{"class":53}," i",[47,36325,136],{"class":98},[47,36327,36328],{"class":53}," letter ",[47,36330,1468],{"class":1461},[47,36332,36026],{"class":94},[47,36334,99],{"class":98},[47,36336,36337],{"class":102},"letters",[47,36339,1483],{"class":98},[47,36341,36342,36344,36346,36349,36351,36354],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,36343,1499],{"class":94},[47,36345,99],{"class":98},[47,36347,36348],{"class":102},"i",[47,36350,136],{"class":98},[47,36352,36353],{"class":102}," letter",[47,36355,106],{"class":98},[20,36357,144],{},[38,36359,36361],{"className":40,"code":36360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36362,36363,36370,36377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36364,36365,36367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36366,2321],{"class":80},[47,36368,36369],{"class":53}," a\n",[47,36371,36372,36374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36373,1476],{"class":80},[47,36375,36376],{"class":53}," b\n",[47,36378,36379,36381],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36380,243],{"class":80},[47,36382,36383],{"class":53}," c\n",[20,36385,36386,36387,445],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[594,36388,13,36390,2088],{"href":36389},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36391,36392],{},"range()",[33,36394,174,36396,11901],{"id":36395},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36397,35944],{},[20,36399,36400,36402,36403,445],{},[15,36401,35944],{}," returns an ",[280,36404,36405],{},"enumerate object",[20,36407,36408,36409,36411],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36410,1462],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[187,36413,36414],{},[190,36415,36416],{},[15,36417,36418],{},"(index, item)",[20,36420,36421],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36423,204],{},[38,36425,36427],{"className":40,"code":36426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36428,36429,36462,36466,36488],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36430,36431,36434,36436,36438,36440,36442,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36432,36433],{"class":53},"fruits ",[47,36435,58],{"class":57},[47,36437,3815],{"class":98},[47,36439,128],{"class":61},[47,36441,4272],{"class":65},[47,36443,128],{"class":61},[47,36445,136],{"class":98},[47,36447,62],{"class":61},[47,36449,4281],{"class":65},[47,36451,128],{"class":61},[47,36453,136],{"class":98},[47,36455,62],{"class":61},[47,36457,33418],{"class":65},[47,36459,128],{"class":61},[47,36461,3828],{"class":98},[47,36463,36464],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36465,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36467,36468,36470,36472,36474,36477,36479,36481,36483,36486],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36469,1462],{"class":1461},[47,36471,36016],{"class":53},[47,36473,136],{"class":98},[47,36475,36476],{"class":53}," fruit ",[47,36478,1468],{"class":1461},[47,36480,36026],{"class":94},[47,36482,99],{"class":98},[47,36484,36485],{"class":102},"fruits",[47,36487,1483],{"class":98},[47,36489,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36501],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,36491,1499],{"class":94},[47,36493,99],{"class":98},[47,36495,36041],{"class":102},[47,36497,136],{"class":98},[47,36499,36500],{"class":102}," fruit",[47,36502,106],{"class":98},[20,36504,36505],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[38,36507,36509],{"className":40,"code":36508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36510,36511,36531,36535,36553],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36512,36513,36515,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36514,3810],{"class":53},[47,36516,58],{"class":57},[47,36518,3815],{"class":98},[47,36520,582],{"class":80},[47,36522,136],{"class":98},[47,36524,7986],{"class":80},[47,36526,136],{"class":98},[47,36528,7991],{"class":80},[47,36530,3828],{"class":98},[47,36532,36533],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36534,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36536,36537,36539,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36538,1290],{"class":53},[47,36540,58],{"class":57},[47,36542,22757],{"class":1788},[47,36544,99],{"class":98},[47,36546,36236],{"class":94},[47,36548,99],{"class":98},[47,36550,195],{"class":102},[47,36552,1796],{"class":98},[47,36554,36555,36557,36559,36561],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,36556,95],{"class":94},[47,36558,99],{"class":98},[47,36560,1315],{"class":102},[47,36562,106],{"class":98},[20,36564,144],{},[38,36566,36568],{"className":40,"code":36567,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36569,36570],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36571,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596,36598,36600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36573,21937],{"class":98},[47,36575,2321],{"class":80},[47,36577,136],{"class":98},[47,36579,373],{"class":80},[47,36581,9425],{"class":98},[47,36583,9428],{"class":98},[47,36585,1476],{"class":80},[47,36587,136],{"class":98},[47,36589,7986],{"class":80},[47,36591,9425],{"class":98},[47,36593,9428],{"class":98},[47,36595,243],{"class":80},[47,36597,136],{"class":98},[47,36599,7991],{"class":80},[47,36601,9441],{"class":98},[20,36603,36604,36605,36607],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36606,35944],{}," produces.",[33,36609,5158,36611],{"id":36610},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36612,35944],{},[20,36614,167,36615,36617],{},[15,36616,35944],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36619,36620],{},"Common cases:",[187,36622,36623,36626,36629,36632],{},[190,36624,36625],{},"printing numbered output",[190,36627,36628],{},"building menus",[190,36630,36631],{},"showing positions in a list",[190,36633,36634],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36636,204],{},[38,36638,36640],{"className":40,"code":36639,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36641,36642,36677,36681,36711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36643,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36655,36657,36659,36661,36664,36666,36668,36670,36673,36675],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36645,30096],{"class":53},[47,36647,58],{"class":57},[47,36649,3815],{"class":98},[47,36651,128],{"class":61},[47,36653,36654],{"class":65},"Wash dishes",[47,36656,128],{"class":61},[47,36658,136],{"class":98},[47,36660,62],{"class":61},[47,36662,36663],{"class":65},"Study Python",[47,36665,128],{"class":61},[47,36667,136],{"class":98},[47,36669,62],{"class":61},[47,36671,36672],{"class":65},"Go for a walk",[47,36674,128],{"class":61},[47,36676,3828],{"class":98},[47,36678,36679],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36680,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36682,36683,36685,36687,36689,36692,36694,36696,36698,36701,36703,36705,36707,36709],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36684,1462],{"class":1461},[47,36686,1513],{"class":53},[47,36688,136],{"class":98},[47,36690,36691],{"class":53}," task ",[47,36693,1468],{"class":1461},[47,36695,36026],{"class":94},[47,36697,99],{"class":98},[47,36699,36700],{"class":102},"tasks",[47,36702,136],{"class":98},[47,36704,36245],{"class":951},[47,36706,58],{"class":57},[47,36708,1476],{"class":80},[47,36710,1483],{"class":98},[47,36712,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727,36729,36731,36734,36736,36738],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,36714,1499],{"class":94},[47,36716,99],{"class":98},[47,36718,22491],{"class":2266},[47,36720,128],{"class":65},[47,36722,9470],{"class":80},[47,36724,2438],{"class":102},[47,36726,22500],{"class":80},[47,36728,28513],{"class":65},[47,36730,9470],{"class":80},[47,36732,36733],{"class":102},"task",[47,36735,22500],{"class":80},[47,36737,128],{"class":65},[47,36739,106],{"class":98},[20,36741,144],{},[38,36743,36745],{"className":40,"code":36744,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36746,36747,36759,36771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36748,36749,36751,36753,36756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36750,1476],{"class":80},[47,36752,445],{"class":98},[47,36754,36755],{"class":24948}," Wash",[47,36757,36758],{"class":53}," dishes\n",[47,36760,36761,36763,36765,36768],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36762,243],{"class":80},[47,36764,445],{"class":98},[47,36766,36767],{"class":24948}," Study",[47,36769,36770],{"class":53}," Python\n",[47,36772,36773,36775,36777,36780,36782],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36774,2263],{"class":80},[47,36776,445],{"class":98},[47,36778,36779],{"class":24948}," Go",[47,36781,4069],{"class":1461},[47,36783,36784],{"class":53}," a walk\n",[20,36786,36787,36788,36790,36791,445],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36789,35944],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36792,36793],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36795,36796,36797,445],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[594,36798,36800,36801,36803],{"href":36799},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36802,35944],{}," in Python",[33,36805,36807,36808,847],{"id":36806},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36809,36266],{},[20,36811,36812,36813,1985],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36814,36266],{},[20,36816,36817,36818,11285,36820,420],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36819,1476],{},[15,36821,2321],{},[38,36823,36825],{"className":40,"code":36824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36826,36827,36859,36863,36891],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36828,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36830,13271],{"class":53},[47,36832,58],{"class":57},[47,36834,3815],{"class":98},[47,36836,128],{"class":61},[47,36838,876],{"class":65},[47,36840,128],{"class":61},[47,36842,136],{"class":98},[47,36844,62],{"class":61},[47,36846,885],{"class":65},[47,36848,128],{"class":61},[47,36850,136],{"class":98},[47,36852,62],{"class":61},[47,36854,894],{"class":65},[47,36856,128],{"class":61},[47,36858,3828],{"class":98},[47,36860,36861],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36862,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36864,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36866,1462],{"class":1461},[47,36868,36016],{"class":53},[47,36870,136],{"class":98},[47,36872,36021],{"class":53},[47,36874,1468],{"class":1461},[47,36876,36026],{"class":94},[47,36878,99],{"class":98},[47,36880,17698],{"class":102},[47,36882,136],{"class":98},[47,36884,36245],{"class":951},[47,36886,58],{"class":57},[47,36888,1476],{"class":80},[47,36890,1483],{"class":98},[47,36892,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,36894,1499],{"class":94},[47,36896,99],{"class":98},[47,36898,36041],{"class":102},[47,36900,136],{"class":98},[47,36902,36046],{"class":102},[47,36904,106],{"class":98},[20,36906,144],{},[38,36908,36910],{"className":40,"code":36909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36911,36912,36918,36924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36913,36914,36916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36915,1476],{"class":80},[47,36917,36062],{"class":53},[47,36919,36920,36922],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36921,243],{"class":80},[47,36923,36069],{"class":53},[47,36925,36926,36928],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36927,2263],{"class":80},[47,36929,1041],{"class":53},[20,36931,36932],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36934,36935],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[33,36937,25556],{"id":25555},[20,36939,25559,36940,445],{},[15,36941,35944],{},[447,36943,36945],{"id":36944},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36947,36948],{},"In this loop:",[38,36950,36952],{"className":40,"code":36951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36953,36954,36974,36978,36998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,36955,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,36957,3810],{"class":53},[47,36959,58],{"class":57},[47,36961,3815],{"class":98},[47,36963,582],{"class":80},[47,36965,136],{"class":98},[47,36967,7986],{"class":80},[47,36969,136],{"class":98},[47,36971,7991],{"class":80},[47,36973,3828],{"class":98},[47,36975,36976],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,36977,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,36979,36980,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,36981,1462],{"class":1461},[47,36983,36016],{"class":53},[47,36985,136],{"class":98},[47,36987,21782],{"class":53},[47,36989,1468],{"class":1461},[47,36991,36026],{"class":94},[47,36993,99],{"class":98},[47,36995,195],{"class":102},[47,36997,1483],{"class":98},[47,36999,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,37001,1499],{"class":94},[47,37003,99],{"class":98},[47,37005,36041],{"class":102},[47,37007,136],{"class":98},[47,37009,8626],{"class":102},[47,37011,106],{"class":98},[187,37013,37014,37024],{},[190,37015,37016,4980,37018,2390,37020,2390,37022],{},[15,37017,36041],{},[15,37019,2321],{},[15,37021,1476],{},[15,37023,243],{},[190,37025,37026,4980,37028,2390,37030,2390,37032],{},[15,37027,2668],{},[15,37029,582],{},[15,37031,15949],{},[15,37033,37034],{},"30",[20,37036,37037],{},"These are different things.",[447,37039,37041],{"id":37040},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37043,37044,37045,37047],{},"Each item from ",[15,37046,35944],{}," is a pair.",[20,37049,6882],{},[38,37051,37053],{"className":40,"code":37052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37054,37055,37079,37083,37103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37056,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37058,7975],{"class":53},[47,37060,58],{"class":57},[47,37062,3815],{"class":98},[47,37064,128],{"class":61},[47,37066,2374],{"class":65},[47,37068,128],{"class":61},[47,37070,136],{"class":98},[47,37072,62],{"class":61},[47,37074,11941],{"class":65},[47,37076,128],{"class":61},[47,37078,3828],{"class":98},[47,37080,37081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37082,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,37084,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37095,37097,37099,37101],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37086,1462],{"class":1461},[47,37088,36323],{"class":53},[47,37090,136],{"class":98},[47,37092,6155],{"class":53},[47,37094,1468],{"class":1461},[47,37096,36026],{"class":94},[47,37098,99],{"class":98},[47,37100,8006],{"class":102},[47,37102,1483],{"class":98},[47,37104,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,37106,1499],{"class":94},[47,37108,99],{"class":98},[47,37110,36348],{"class":102},[47,37112,136],{"class":98},[47,37114,29706],{"class":102},[47,37116,106],{"class":98},[20,37118,747],{},[38,37120,37122],{"className":40,"code":37121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37123,37124,37148,37152,37177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37125,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144,37146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37127,7975],{"class":53},[47,37129,58],{"class":57},[47,37131,3815],{"class":98},[47,37133,128],{"class":61},[47,37135,2374],{"class":65},[47,37137,128],{"class":61},[47,37139,136],{"class":98},[47,37141,62],{"class":61},[47,37143,11941],{"class":65},[47,37145,128],{"class":61},[47,37147,3828],{"class":98},[47,37149,37150],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37151,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,37153,37154,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37155,1462],{"class":1461},[47,37157,36323],{"class":53},[47,37159,136],{"class":98},[47,37161,29706],{"class":53},[47,37163,136],{"class":98},[47,37165,37166],{"class":53}," extra ",[47,37168,1468],{"class":1461},[47,37170,36026],{"class":94},[47,37172,99],{"class":98},[47,37174,8006],{"class":102},[47,37176,1483],{"class":98},[47,37178,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37194],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,37180,1499],{"class":94},[47,37182,99],{"class":98},[47,37184,36348],{"class":102},[47,37186,136],{"class":98},[47,37188,29706],{"class":102},[47,37190,136],{"class":98},[47,37192,37193],{"class":102}," extra",[47,37195,106],{"class":98},[20,37197,2012,37198,37200],{},[15,37199,35944],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[447,37202,37204,37206],{"id":37203},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37205,35944],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37208,37209],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37211,37212],{},"Example with a string:",[38,37214,37216],{"className":40,"code":37215,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37217,37218,37244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37219,37220,37222,37224,37226,37229,37231,37233,37235,37237,37240,37242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37221,1462],{"class":1461},[47,37223,36016],{"class":53},[47,37225,136],{"class":98},[47,37227,37228],{"class":53}," char ",[47,37230,1468],{"class":1461},[47,37232,36026],{"class":94},[47,37234,99],{"class":98},[47,37236,128],{"class":61},[47,37238,37239],{"class":65},"cat",[47,37241,128],{"class":61},[47,37243,1483],{"class":98},[47,37245,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254,37257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37247,1499],{"class":94},[47,37249,99],{"class":98},[47,37251,36041],{"class":102},[47,37253,136],{"class":98},[47,37255,37256],{"class":102}," char",[47,37258,106],{"class":98},[20,37260,144],{},[38,37262,37264],{"className":40,"code":37263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37265,37266,37272,37278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37267,37268,37270],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37269,2321],{"class":80},[47,37271,36383],{"class":53},[47,37273,37274,37276],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37275,1476],{"class":80},[47,37277,36369],{"class":53},[47,37279,37280,37282],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37281,243],{"class":80},[47,37283,37284],{"class":53}," t\n",[20,37286,37287,37288,445],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[594,37289,5333],{"href":5781},[447,37291,37293],{"id":37292},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37295,37296,37297,445],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37298,35944],{},[20,37300,37301,37302,37304],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37303,1462],{}," loop:",[38,37306,37308],{"className":40,"code":37307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37309,37310,37342,37346,37358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37311,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37313,13271],{"class":53},[47,37315,58],{"class":57},[47,37317,3815],{"class":98},[47,37319,128],{"class":61},[47,37321,876],{"class":65},[47,37323,128],{"class":61},[47,37325,136],{"class":98},[47,37327,62],{"class":61},[47,37329,885],{"class":65},[47,37331,128],{"class":61},[47,37333,136],{"class":98},[47,37335,62],{"class":61},[47,37337,894],{"class":65},[47,37339,128],{"class":61},[47,37341,3828],{"class":98},[47,37343,37344],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37345,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,37347,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37349,1462],{"class":1461},[47,37351,36021],{"class":53},[47,37353,1468],{"class":1461},[47,37355,13317],{"class":53},[47,37357,6586],{"class":98},[47,37359,37360,37362,37364,37366],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,37361,1499],{"class":94},[47,37363,99],{"class":98},[47,37365,33088],{"class":102},[47,37367,106],{"class":98},[20,37369,37370],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[33,37372,1595],{"id":1594},[20,37374,37375],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[187,37377,37378,37383,37389,37394],{},[190,37379,23298,37380,37382],{},[15,37381,35944],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[190,37384,37385,37386,37388],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37387,2321],{}," by default",[190,37390,1654,37391,37393],{},[15,37392,35944],{}," when only values are needed",[190,37395,37396,37397,8898,37399],{},"Confusing ",[15,37398,35944],{},[15,37400,36392],{},[20,37402,37403],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[38,37405,37407],{"className":40,"code":37406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37408,37409,37431,37458,37492,37525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37410,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37412,95],{"class":94},[47,37414,99],{"class":98},[47,37416,36236],{"class":94},[47,37418,3178],{"class":98},[47,37420,582],{"class":80},[47,37422,136],{"class":98},[47,37424,7986],{"class":80},[47,37426,136],{"class":98},[47,37428,7991],{"class":80},[47,37430,3191],{"class":98},[47,37432,37433,37435,37437,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37434,95],{"class":94},[47,37436,99],{"class":98},[47,37438,8288],{"class":1788},[47,37440,99],{"class":98},[47,37442,36236],{"class":94},[47,37444,3178],{"class":98},[47,37446,582],{"class":80},[47,37448,136],{"class":98},[47,37450,7986],{"class":80},[47,37452,136],{"class":98},[47,37454,7991],{"class":80},[47,37456,37457],{"class":98},"])))\n",[47,37459,37460,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37461,95],{"class":94},[47,37463,99],{"class":98},[47,37465,8288],{"class":1788},[47,37467,99],{"class":98},[47,37469,36236],{"class":94},[47,37471,3178],{"class":98},[47,37473,582],{"class":80},[47,37475,136],{"class":98},[47,37477,7986],{"class":80},[47,37479,136],{"class":98},[47,37481,7991],{"class":80},[47,37483,18258],{"class":98},[47,37485,36245],{"class":951},[47,37487,58],{"class":57},[47,37489,1476],{"class":80},[47,37491,3106],{"class":98},[47,37493,37494,37496,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,37495,1462],{"class":1461},[47,37497,36323],{"class":53},[47,37499,136],{"class":98},[47,37501,21782],{"class":53},[47,37503,1468],{"class":1461},[47,37505,36026],{"class":94},[47,37507,3178],{"class":98},[47,37509,3493],{"class":61},[47,37511,594],{"class":65},[47,37513,3493],{"class":61},[47,37515,136],{"class":98},[47,37517,3488],{"class":61},[47,37519,4957],{"class":65},[47,37521,3493],{"class":61},[47,37523,37524],{"class":98},"]):\n",[47,37526,37527,37529,37531,37533,37535,37537],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,37528,1499],{"class":94},[47,37530,99],{"class":98},[47,37532,36348],{"class":102},[47,37534,136],{"class":98},[47,37536,8626],{"class":102},[47,37538,106],{"class":98},[20,37540,17154],{},[38,37542,37544],{"className":40,"code":37543,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37545,37546,37566,37598,37630,37636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37547,37548,37550,37552,37554,37557,37561,37564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37549,3482],{"class":57},[47,37551,36236],{"class":94},[47,37553,24815],{"class":1788},[47,37555,37556],{"class":53}," at ",[47,37558,37560],{"class":37559},"srjyR","0x",[47,37562,37563],{"class":1213},"...",[47,37565,3496],{"class":57},[47,37567,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37569,21937],{"class":98},[47,37571,2321],{"class":80},[47,37573,136],{"class":98},[47,37575,373],{"class":80},[47,37577,9425],{"class":98},[47,37579,9428],{"class":98},[47,37581,1476],{"class":80},[47,37583,136],{"class":98},[47,37585,7986],{"class":80},[47,37587,9425],{"class":98},[47,37589,9428],{"class":98},[47,37591,243],{"class":80},[47,37593,136],{"class":98},[47,37595,7991],{"class":80},[47,37597,9441],{"class":98},[47,37599,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37601,21937],{"class":98},[47,37603,1476],{"class":80},[47,37605,136],{"class":98},[47,37607,373],{"class":80},[47,37609,9425],{"class":98},[47,37611,9428],{"class":98},[47,37613,243],{"class":80},[47,37615,136],{"class":98},[47,37617,7986],{"class":80},[47,37619,9425],{"class":98},[47,37621,9428],{"class":98},[47,37623,2263],{"class":80},[47,37625,136],{"class":98},[47,37627,7991],{"class":80},[47,37629,9441],{"class":98},[47,37631,37632,37634],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,37633,2321],{"class":80},[47,37635,36369],{"class":53},[47,37637,37638,37640],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,37639,1476],{"class":80},[47,37641,36376],{"class":53},[33,37643,1969],{"id":1968},[447,37645,5339,37647,5342],{"id":37646},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37648,35944],{},[20,37650,37651],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[447,37653,1973,37655,37657],{"id":37654},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37656,35944],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37659,37660,37661,37663,37664,37667],{},"It starts at ",[15,37662,2321],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37665,37666],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[447,37669,21618,37671,11285,37673,2009],{"id":37670},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37672,35944],{},[15,37674,37675],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37677,36787,37678,37680],{},[15,37679,35944],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[447,37682,1989,37684,37686],{"id":37683},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37685,35944],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37688,37689,37690,37692],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37691,35944],{}," can return each character with its index.",[33,37694,2075],{"id":2074},[187,37696,37697,37701,37707,37714],{},[190,37698,37699],{},[594,37700,36222],{"href":36221},[190,37702,37703],{},[594,37704,13,37705,2088],{"href":36389},[15,37706,36392],{},[190,37708,37709],{},[594,37710,37711,37712,36803],{"href":36799},"How to use ",[15,37713,35944],{},[190,37715,37716],{},[594,37717,5410],{"href":5781},[2110,37719,37720],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":37722},[37723,37724,37726,37727,37729,37731,37733,37740,37741,37751],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":36083,"depth":72,"text":37725},"What enumerate() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":36395,"depth":72,"text":37728},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36610,"depth":72,"text":37730},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36806,"depth":72,"text":37732},"Using the start argument",{"id":25555,"depth":72,"text":25556,"children":37734},[37735,37736,37737,37739],{"id":36944,"depth":84,"text":36945},{"id":37040,"depth":84,"text":37041},{"id":37203,"depth":84,"text":37738},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37292,"depth":84,"text":37293},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":37742},[37743,37745,37747,37749],{"id":37646,"depth":84,"text":37744},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37654,"depth":84,"text":37746},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37670,"depth":84,"text":37748},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37683,"depth":84,"text":37750},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35936,"description":37752},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37759,"title":37760,"body":37761,"description":40274,"extension":2167,"meta":40275,"navigation":87,"path":40276,"seo":40277,"stem":40278,"__hash__":40279},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37762,"toc":40231},[37763,37769,37774,37777,37785,37799,37801,37891,37899,37904,37909,37911,37927,37929,38008,38010,38027,38033,38037,38039,38060,38064,38067,38079,38083,38086,38089,38106,38109,38185,38187,38204,38209,38213,38221,38224,38239,38241,38330,38332,38377,38380,38384,38387,38466,38468,38490,38493,38500,38505,38508,38611,38613,38638,38641,38648,38654,38659,38662,38673,38778,38780,38801,38809,38816,38822,38841,38846,38849,38868,38870,38955,38957,38986,38989,38994,38999,39002,39013,39015,39104,39106,39126,39132,39238,39240,39260,39263,39347,39349,39369,39376,39378,39382,39388,39391,39448,39451,39454,39515,39524,39527,39530,39558,39561,39621,39623,39640,39644,39647,39725,39727,39747,39750,39825,39829,39832,39834,39843,39848,39850,39901,39909,39921,39926,39987,39989,40006,40010,40073,40075,40100,40108,40110,40116,40121,40128,40136,40142,40145,40152,40162,40168,40174,40177,40194,40200,40202,40228],[10,37764,13,37766,18],{"id":37765},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37767,37768],{},"filter()",[20,37770,37771,37773],{},[15,37772,37768],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37775,37776],{},"It takes:",[187,37778,37779,37782],{},[190,37780,37781],{},"a function that checks each item",[190,37783,37784],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37786,37787,37788,37791,37792,37795,37796,37798],{},"The result is ",[280,37789,37790],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37793,37794],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37797,24979],{}," to see the values.",[33,37800,36],{"id":35},[38,37802,37804],{"className":40,"code":37803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37805,37806,37838,37874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37807,37808,37810,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830,37832,37834,37836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37809,3810],{"class":53},[47,37811,58],{"class":57},[47,37813,3815],{"class":98},[47,37815,1476],{"class":80},[47,37817,136],{"class":98},[47,37819,1562],{"class":80},[47,37821,136],{"class":98},[47,37823,249],{"class":80},[47,37825,136],{"class":98},[47,37827,393],{"class":80},[47,37829,136],{"class":98},[47,37831,4800],{"class":80},[47,37833,136],{"class":98},[47,37835,398],{"class":80},[47,37837,3828],{"class":98},[47,37839,37840,37842,37844,37847,37849,37852,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37841,1290],{"class":53},[47,37843,58],{"class":57},[47,37845,37846],{"class":94}," filter",[47,37848,99],{"class":98},[47,37850,37851],{"class":2266},"lambda",[47,37853,37855],{"class":37854},"sFwrP"," x",[47,37857,420],{"class":98},[47,37859,4072],{"class":102},[47,37861,6596],{"class":57},[47,37863,1562],{"class":80},[47,37865,6601],{"class":57},[47,37867,4026],{"class":80},[47,37869,136],{"class":98},[47,37871,4457],{"class":102},[47,37873,106],{"class":98},[47,37875,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37877,95],{"class":94},[47,37879,99],{"class":98},[47,37881,8288],{"class":1788},[47,37883,99],{"class":98},[47,37885,1315],{"class":102},[47,37887,5556],{"class":98},[47,37889,37890],{"class":3857},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37892,37893,37895,37896,37898],{},[15,37894,37768],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37897,24979],{}," to see the results.",[33,37900,174,37902,177],{"id":37901},"what-filter-does",[15,37903,37768],{},[20,37905,37906,37908],{},[15,37907,37768],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37910,2308],{},[187,37912,37913,37916,37922],{},[190,37914,37915],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[190,37917,37918,37919,37921],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37920,3795],{},", the item is kept",[190,37923,37918,37924,37926],{},[15,37925,3868],{},", the item is removed",[20,37928,204],{},[38,37930,37932],{"className":40,"code":37931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37933,37934,37962,37966,37994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,37935,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,37937,3810],{"class":53},[47,37939,58],{"class":57},[47,37941,3815],{"class":98},[47,37943,1476],{"class":80},[47,37945,136],{"class":98},[47,37947,1562],{"class":80},[47,37949,136],{"class":98},[47,37951,249],{"class":80},[47,37953,136],{"class":98},[47,37955,393],{"class":80},[47,37957,136],{"class":98},[47,37959,4800],{"class":80},[47,37961,3828],{"class":98},[47,37963,37964],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,37965,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,37967,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37992],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,37969,1290],{"class":53},[47,37971,58],{"class":57},[47,37973,37846],{"class":94},[47,37975,99],{"class":98},[47,37977,37851],{"class":2266},[47,37979,37855],{"class":37854},[47,37981,420],{"class":98},[47,37983,4072],{"class":102},[47,37985,4446],{"class":57},[47,37987,249],{"class":80},[47,37989,136],{"class":98},[47,37991,4457],{"class":102},[47,37993,106],{"class":98},[47,37995,37996,37998,38000,38002,38004,38006],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,37997,95],{"class":94},[47,37999,99],{"class":98},[47,38001,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38003,99],{"class":98},[47,38005,1315],{"class":102},[47,38007,1796],{"class":98},[20,38009,144],{},[38,38011,38013],{"className":40,"code":38012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38014,38015],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38016,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38018,4092],{"class":98},[47,38020,2700],{"class":80},[47,38022,136],{"class":98},[47,38024,4800],{"class":80},[47,38026,3828],{"class":98},[20,38028,38029,38030,38032],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38031,2263],{}," are kept.",[33,38034,38036],{"id":38035},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38038,2360],{},[38,38040,38042],{"className":40,"code":38041,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38043,38044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38045,38046,38048,38050,38053,38055,38058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38047,37794],{"class":94},[47,38049,99],{"class":98},[47,38051,38052],{"class":102},"function",[47,38054,136],{"class":98},[47,38056,38057],{"class":102}," iterable",[47,38059,106],{"class":98},[447,38061,38062],{"id":38052},[15,38063,38052],{},[20,38065,38066],{},"This is the test function.",[187,38068,38069,38072],{},[190,38070,38071],{},"It receives one item at a time",[190,38073,38074,38075,3072,38077],{},"It should return ",[15,38076,3795],{},[15,38078,3868],{},[447,38080,38081],{"id":3913},[15,38082,3913],{},[20,38084,38085],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38087,38088],{},"It can be:",[187,38090,38091,38094,38097,38100,38103],{},[190,38092,38093],{},"a list",[190,38095,38096],{},"a tuple",[190,38098,38099],{},"a string",[190,38101,38102],{},"a set",[190,38104,38105],{},"another iterable object",[20,38107,38108],{},"Example with a tuple:",[38,38110,38112],{"className":40,"code":38111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38113,38114,38139,38143,38171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38115,38116,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38117,3810],{"class":53},[47,38119,58],{"class":57},[47,38121,9428],{"class":98},[47,38123,582],{"class":80},[47,38125,136],{"class":98},[47,38127,38128],{"class":80}," 15",[47,38130,136],{"class":98},[47,38132,7986],{"class":80},[47,38134,136],{"class":98},[47,38136,9497],{"class":80},[47,38138,106],{"class":98},[47,38140,38141],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38142,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,38144,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,38146,1290],{"class":53},[47,38148,58],{"class":57},[47,38150,37846],{"class":94},[47,38152,99],{"class":98},[47,38154,37851],{"class":2266},[47,38156,37855],{"class":37854},[47,38158,420],{"class":98},[47,38160,4072],{"class":102},[47,38162,5295],{"class":57},[47,38164,7986],{"class":80},[47,38166,136],{"class":98},[47,38168,4457],{"class":102},[47,38170,106],{"class":98},[47,38172,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,38174,95],{"class":94},[47,38176,99],{"class":98},[47,38178,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38180,99],{"class":98},[47,38182,1315],{"class":102},[47,38184,1796],{"class":98},[20,38186,144],{},[38,38188,38190],{"className":40,"code":38189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38191,38192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38193,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38195,4092],{"class":98},[47,38197,15949],{"class":80},[47,38199,136],{"class":98},[47,38201,9497],{"class":80},[47,38203,3828],{"class":98},[20,38205,38206,38207,445],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[594,38208,5333],{"href":5781},[33,38210,38212],{"id":38211},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38214,38215,38216,22172,38218,445],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38217,37768],{},[280,38219,38220],{},"filter object",[20,38222,38223],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[187,38225,38226,38229,38234],{},[190,38227,38228],{},"loop through it",[190,38230,38231,38232],{},"convert it with ",[15,38233,24979],{},[190,38235,38231,38236],{},[15,38237,38238],{},"tuple()",[20,38240,204],{},[38,38242,38244],{"className":40,"code":38243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38245,38246,38288,38292,38302,38316],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38247,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38249,1290],{"class":53},[47,38251,58],{"class":57},[47,38253,37846],{"class":94},[47,38255,99],{"class":98},[47,38257,37851],{"class":2266},[47,38259,37855],{"class":37854},[47,38261,420],{"class":98},[47,38263,4072],{"class":102},[47,38265,4446],{"class":57},[47,38267,1562],{"class":80},[47,38269,136],{"class":98},[47,38271,3815],{"class":98},[47,38273,1476],{"class":80},[47,38275,136],{"class":98},[47,38277,1562],{"class":80},[47,38279,136],{"class":98},[47,38281,249],{"class":80},[47,38283,136],{"class":98},[47,38285,393],{"class":80},[47,38287,4080],{"class":98},[47,38289,38290],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38291,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,38293,38294,38296,38298,38300],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,38295,95],{"class":94},[47,38297,99],{"class":98},[47,38299,1315],{"class":102},[47,38301,106],{"class":98},[47,38303,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,38305,95],{"class":94},[47,38307,99],{"class":98},[47,38309,1922],{"class":1788},[47,38311,99],{"class":98},[47,38313,1315],{"class":102},[47,38315,1796],{"class":98},[47,38317,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,38319,95],{"class":94},[47,38321,99],{"class":98},[47,38323,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38325,99],{"class":98},[47,38327,1315],{"class":102},[47,38329,1796],{"class":98},[20,38331,144],{},[38,38333,38335],{"className":40,"code":38334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38336,38337,38351,38365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38338,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38340,3482],{"class":57},[47,38342,37794],{"class":94},[47,38344,24815],{"class":1788},[47,38346,37556],{"class":53},[47,38348,37563],{"class":1213},[47,38350,3496],{"class":57},[47,38352,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38354,3482],{"class":57},[47,38356,3485],{"class":2266},[47,38358,3488],{"class":61},[47,38360,37794],{"class":65},[47,38362,3493],{"class":61},[47,38364,3496],{"class":57},[47,38366,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,38368,4092],{"class":98},[47,38370,2263],{"class":80},[47,38372,136],{"class":98},[47,38374,393],{"class":80},[47,38376,3828],{"class":98},[20,38378,38379],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[447,38381,38383],{"id":38382},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38385,38386],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[38,38388,38390],{"className":40,"code":38389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38391,38392,38434,38438,38452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38393,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38395,1290],{"class":53},[47,38397,58],{"class":57},[47,38399,37846],{"class":94},[47,38401,99],{"class":98},[47,38403,37851],{"class":2266},[47,38405,37855],{"class":37854},[47,38407,420],{"class":98},[47,38409,4072],{"class":102},[47,38411,4446],{"class":57},[47,38413,1562],{"class":80},[47,38415,136],{"class":98},[47,38417,3815],{"class":98},[47,38419,1476],{"class":80},[47,38421,136],{"class":98},[47,38423,1562],{"class":80},[47,38425,136],{"class":98},[47,38427,249],{"class":80},[47,38429,136],{"class":98},[47,38431,393],{"class":80},[47,38433,4080],{"class":98},[47,38435,38436],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38437,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,38439,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,38441,95],{"class":94},[47,38443,99],{"class":98},[47,38445,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38447,99],{"class":98},[47,38449,1315],{"class":102},[47,38451,1796],{"class":98},[47,38453,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,38455,95],{"class":94},[47,38457,99],{"class":98},[47,38459,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38461,99],{"class":98},[47,38463,1315],{"class":102},[47,38465,1796],{"class":98},[20,38467,144],{},[38,38469,38471],{"className":40,"code":38470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38472,38473,38485],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38474,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38476,4092],{"class":98},[47,38478,2263],{"class":80},[47,38480,136],{"class":98},[47,38482,393],{"class":80},[47,38484,3828],{"class":98},[47,38486,38487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38488,38489],{"class":98},"[]\n",[20,38491,38492],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[33,38494,1654,38496,8898,38498],{"id":38495},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38497,37768],{},[15,38499,37851],{},[20,38501,15383,38502,38504],{},[15,38503,37851],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38506,38507],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[38,38509,38511],{"className":40,"code":38510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38512,38513,38555,38559,38597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38514,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38551,38553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38516,4263],{"class":53},[47,38518,58],{"class":57},[47,38520,3815],{"class":98},[47,38522,128],{"class":61},[47,38524,4272],{"class":65},[47,38526,128],{"class":61},[47,38528,136],{"class":98},[47,38530,62],{"class":61},[47,38532,38533],{"class":65},"kiwi",[47,38535,128],{"class":61},[47,38537,136],{"class":98},[47,38539,62],{"class":61},[47,38541,4281],{"class":65},[47,38543,128],{"class":61},[47,38545,136],{"class":98},[47,38547,62],{"class":61},[47,38549,38550],{"class":65},"fig",[47,38552,128],{"class":61},[47,38554,3828],{"class":98},[47,38556,38557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38558,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,38560,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38574,38576,38579,38581,38584,38586,38589,38591,38593,38595],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,38562,1290],{"class":53},[47,38564,58],{"class":57},[47,38566,37846],{"class":94},[47,38568,99],{"class":98},[47,38570,37851],{"class":2266},[47,38572,38573],{"class":37854}," word",[47,38575,420],{"class":98},[47,38577,38578],{"class":94}," len",[47,38580,99],{"class":98},[47,38582,38583],{"class":102},"word",[47,38585,3854],{"class":98},[47,38587,38588],{"class":57}," >",[47,38590,393],{"class":80},[47,38592,136],{"class":98},[47,38594,6362],{"class":102},[47,38596,106],{"class":98},[47,38598,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,38600,95],{"class":94},[47,38602,99],{"class":98},[47,38604,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38606,99],{"class":98},[47,38608,1315],{"class":102},[47,38610,1796],{"class":98},[20,38612,144],{},[38,38614,38616],{"className":40,"code":38615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38617,38618],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38619,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38621,4092],{"class":98},[47,38623,3493],{"class":61},[47,38625,4272],{"class":65},[47,38627,3493],{"class":61},[47,38629,136],{"class":98},[47,38631,3488],{"class":61},[47,38633,4281],{"class":65},[47,38635,3493],{"class":61},[47,38637,3828],{"class":98},[20,38639,38640],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38642,38643,38644,445],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[594,38645,38647],{"href":38646},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[33,38649,1654,38651,38653],{"id":38650},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38652,37768],{}," with a named function",[20,38655,38656,38657,445],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38658,37851],{},[20,38660,38661],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[187,38663,38664,38667,38670],{},[190,38665,38666],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[190,38668,38669],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[190,38671,38672],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[38,38674,38676],{"className":40,"code":38675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38677,38678,38691,38705,38709,38741,38760,38764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38679,38680,38682,38685,38687,38689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38681,35047],{"class":2266},[47,38683,38684],{"class":35050}," is_even",[47,38686,99],{"class":98},[47,38688,2438],{"class":37854},[47,38690,1483],{"class":98},[47,38692,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38694,35058],{"class":1461},[47,38696,1465],{"class":53},[47,38698,6596],{"class":57},[47,38700,1562],{"class":80},[47,38702,6601],{"class":57},[47,38704,1452],{"class":80},[47,38706,38707],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,38708,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,38710,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,38712,3810],{"class":53},[47,38714,58],{"class":57},[47,38716,3815],{"class":98},[47,38718,1476],{"class":80},[47,38720,136],{"class":98},[47,38722,1562],{"class":80},[47,38724,136],{"class":98},[47,38726,249],{"class":80},[47,38728,136],{"class":98},[47,38730,393],{"class":80},[47,38732,136],{"class":98},[47,38734,4800],{"class":80},[47,38736,136],{"class":98},[47,38738,398],{"class":80},[47,38740,3828],{"class":98},[47,38742,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38754,38756,38758],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,38744,1290],{"class":53},[47,38746,58],{"class":57},[47,38748,37846],{"class":94},[47,38750,99],{"class":98},[47,38752,38753],{"class":102},"is_even",[47,38755,136],{"class":98},[47,38757,4457],{"class":102},[47,38759,106],{"class":98},[47,38761,38762],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,38763,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,38765,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,38767,95],{"class":94},[47,38769,99],{"class":98},[47,38771,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38773,99],{"class":98},[47,38775,1315],{"class":102},[47,38777,1796],{"class":98},[20,38779,144],{},[38,38781,38783],{"className":40,"code":38782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38784,38785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38786,38787,38789,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38788,4092],{"class":98},[47,38790,243],{"class":80},[47,38792,136],{"class":98},[47,38794,393],{"class":80},[47,38796,136],{"class":98},[47,38798,398],{"class":80},[47,38800,3828],{"class":98},[20,38802,20968,38803,1270,38806,38808],{},[15,38804,38805],{},"is_even()",[15,38807,3795],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[33,38810,1654,38812,8898,38814],{"id":38811},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38813,285],{},[15,38815,37768],{},[20,38817,38818,38819,38821],{},"You can pass ",[15,38820,285],{}," as the first argument:",[38,38823,38825],{"className":40,"code":38824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38826,38827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38828,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38830,37794],{"class":94},[47,38832,99],{"class":98},[47,38834,285],{"class":1334},[47,38836,136],{"class":98},[47,38838,38057],{"class":102},[47,38840,106],{"class":98},[20,38842,38843,38844,7535],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[280,38845,5791],{},[20,38847,38848],{},"Falsy values include:",[187,38850,38851,38855,38860,38864],{},[190,38852,38853],{},[15,38854,2321],{},[190,38856,38857,38859],{},[15,38858,3966],{}," (empty string)",[190,38861,38862],{},[15,38863,285],{},[190,38865,38866],{},[15,38867,3868],{},[20,38869,204],{},[38,38871,38873],{"className":40,"code":38872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38874,38875,38919,38923,38941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38876,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38878,7975],{"class":53},[47,38880,58],{"class":57},[47,38882,3815],{"class":98},[47,38884,2321],{"class":80},[47,38886,136],{"class":98},[47,38888,1545],{"class":80},[47,38890,136],{"class":98},[47,38892,6320],{"class":61},[47,38894,136],{"class":98},[47,38896,62],{"class":61},[47,38898,4038],{"class":65},[47,38900,128],{"class":61},[47,38902,136],{"class":98},[47,38904,4045],{"class":1334},[47,38906,136],{"class":98},[47,38908,4108],{"class":1334},[47,38910,136],{"class":98},[47,38912,4099],{"class":1334},[47,38914,136],{"class":98},[47,38916,4800],{"class":80},[47,38918,3828],{"class":98},[47,38920,38921],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,38922,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,38924,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,38926,1290],{"class":53},[47,38928,58],{"class":57},[47,38930,37846],{"class":94},[47,38932,99],{"class":98},[47,38934,285],{"class":1334},[47,38936,136],{"class":98},[47,38938,6160],{"class":102},[47,38940,106],{"class":98},[47,38942,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,38944,95],{"class":94},[47,38946,99],{"class":98},[47,38948,8288],{"class":1788},[47,38950,99],{"class":98},[47,38952,1315],{"class":102},[47,38954,1796],{"class":98},[20,38956,144],{},[38,38958,38960],{"className":40,"code":38959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38961,38962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,38963,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,38965,4092],{"class":98},[47,38967,1476],{"class":80},[47,38969,136],{"class":98},[47,38971,3488],{"class":61},[47,38973,4038],{"class":65},[47,38975,3493],{"class":61},[47,38977,136],{"class":98},[47,38979,4108],{"class":1334},[47,38981,136],{"class":98},[47,38983,4800],{"class":80},[47,38985,3828],{"class":98},[20,38987,38988],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[33,38990,5158,38992],{"id":38991},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38993,37768],{},[20,38995,167,38996,38998],{},[15,38997,37768],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39000,39001],{},"It works well for:",[187,39003,39004,39007,39010],{},[190,39005,39006],{},"simple filtering rules",[190,39008,39009],{},"quick data cleaning",[190,39011,39012],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39014,204],{},[38,39016,39018],{"className":40,"code":39017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39019,39020,39052,39085,39089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39021,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39023,3810],{"class":53},[47,39025,58],{"class":57},[47,39027,3815],{"class":98},[47,39029,1476],{"class":80},[47,39031,136],{"class":98},[47,39033,1562],{"class":80},[47,39035,136],{"class":98},[47,39037,249],{"class":80},[47,39039,136],{"class":98},[47,39041,393],{"class":80},[47,39043,136],{"class":98},[47,39045,4800],{"class":80},[47,39047,136],{"class":98},[47,39049,398],{"class":80},[47,39051,3828],{"class":98},[47,39053,39054,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39055,39056],{"class":53},"evens ",[47,39058,58],{"class":57},[47,39060,37846],{"class":94},[47,39062,99],{"class":98},[47,39064,37851],{"class":2266},[47,39066,37855],{"class":37854},[47,39068,420],{"class":98},[47,39070,4072],{"class":102},[47,39072,6596],{"class":57},[47,39074,1562],{"class":80},[47,39076,6601],{"class":57},[47,39078,4026],{"class":80},[47,39080,136],{"class":98},[47,39082,4457],{"class":102},[47,39084,106],{"class":98},[47,39086,39087],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,39088,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,39090,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39102],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,39092,95],{"class":94},[47,39094,99],{"class":98},[47,39096,8288],{"class":1788},[47,39098,99],{"class":98},[47,39100,39101],{"class":102},"evens",[47,39103,1796],{"class":98},[20,39105,144],{},[38,39107,39108],{"className":40,"code":38782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39109,39110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39111,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39113,4092],{"class":98},[47,39115,243],{"class":80},[47,39117,136],{"class":98},[47,39119,393],{"class":80},[47,39121,136],{"class":98},[47,39123,398],{"class":80},[47,39125,3828],{"class":98},[20,39127,39128,39129,39131],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39130,1462],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[38,39133,39135],{"className":40,"code":39134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39136,39137,39169,39177,39181,39193,39209,39224,39228],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39138,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39140,3810],{"class":53},[47,39142,58],{"class":57},[47,39144,3815],{"class":98},[47,39146,1476],{"class":80},[47,39148,136],{"class":98},[47,39150,1562],{"class":80},[47,39152,136],{"class":98},[47,39154,249],{"class":80},[47,39156,136],{"class":98},[47,39158,393],{"class":80},[47,39160,136],{"class":98},[47,39162,4800],{"class":80},[47,39164,136],{"class":98},[47,39166,398],{"class":80},[47,39168,3828],{"class":98},[47,39170,39171,39173,39175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39172,39056],{"class":53},[47,39174,58],{"class":57},[47,39176,8035],{"class":98},[47,39178,39179],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,39180,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,39182,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,39184,1462],{"class":1461},[47,39186,1465],{"class":53},[47,39188,1468],{"class":1461},[47,39190,4457],{"class":53},[47,39192,6586],{"class":98},[47,39194,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,39196,6591],{"class":1461},[47,39198,1465],{"class":53},[47,39200,6596],{"class":57},[47,39202,1562],{"class":80},[47,39204,6601],{"class":57},[47,39206,4026],{"class":80},[47,39208,6586],{"class":98},[47,39210,39211,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,39212,39213],{"class":53},"        evens",[47,39215,445],{"class":98},[47,39217,13747],{"class":102},[47,39219,99],{"class":98},[47,39221,2438],{"class":102},[47,39223,106],{"class":98},[47,39225,39226],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,39227,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,39229,39230,39232,39234,39236],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,39231,95],{"class":94},[47,39233,99],{"class":98},[47,39235,39101],{"class":102},[47,39237,106],{"class":98},[20,39239,144],{},[38,39241,39242],{"className":40,"code":38782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39243,39244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39245,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39247,4092],{"class":98},[47,39249,243],{"class":80},[47,39251,136],{"class":98},[47,39253,393],{"class":80},[47,39255,136],{"class":98},[47,39257,398],{"class":80},[47,39259,3828],{"class":98},[20,39261,39262],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[38,39264,39266],{"className":40,"code":39265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39267,39268,39300,39333,39337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39269,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39271,3810],{"class":53},[47,39273,58],{"class":57},[47,39275,3815],{"class":98},[47,39277,1476],{"class":80},[47,39279,136],{"class":98},[47,39281,1562],{"class":80},[47,39283,136],{"class":98},[47,39285,249],{"class":80},[47,39287,136],{"class":98},[47,39289,393],{"class":80},[47,39291,136],{"class":98},[47,39293,4800],{"class":80},[47,39295,136],{"class":98},[47,39297,398],{"class":80},[47,39299,3828],{"class":98},[47,39301,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39303,39056],{"class":53},[47,39305,58],{"class":57},[47,39307,3815],{"class":98},[47,39309,2417],{"class":53},[47,39311,1462],{"class":1461},[47,39313,1465],{"class":53},[47,39315,1468],{"class":1461},[47,39317,39318],{"class":53}," numbers ",[47,39320,7192],{"class":1461},[47,39322,1465],{"class":53},[47,39324,6596],{"class":57},[47,39326,1562],{"class":80},[47,39328,6601],{"class":57},[47,39330,4026],{"class":80},[47,39332,3828],{"class":98},[47,39334,39335],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,39336,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,39338,39339,39341,39343,39345],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,39340,95],{"class":94},[47,39342,99],{"class":98},[47,39344,39101],{"class":102},[47,39346,106],{"class":98},[20,39348,144],{},[38,39350,39351],{"className":40,"code":38782,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39352,39353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39354,39355,39357,39359,39361,39363,39365,39367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39356,4092],{"class":98},[47,39358,243],{"class":80},[47,39360,136],{"class":98},[47,39362,393],{"class":80},[47,39364,136],{"class":98},[47,39366,398],{"class":80},[47,39368,3828],{"class":98},[20,39370,39371,39372,445],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[594,39373,39375],{"href":39374},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39377,1595],{"id":1594},[20,39379,14927,39380,445],{},[15,39381,37768],{},[447,39383,1807,39385,39387],{"id":39384},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39386,37768],{}," to return a list",[20,39389,39390],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[38,39392,39394],{"className":40,"code":39393,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39395,39396,39438],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39397,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434,39436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39399,1290],{"class":53},[47,39401,58],{"class":57},[47,39403,37846],{"class":94},[47,39405,99],{"class":98},[47,39407,37851],{"class":2266},[47,39409,37855],{"class":37854},[47,39411,420],{"class":98},[47,39413,4072],{"class":102},[47,39415,4446],{"class":57},[47,39417,1562],{"class":80},[47,39419,136],{"class":98},[47,39421,3815],{"class":98},[47,39423,1476],{"class":80},[47,39425,136],{"class":98},[47,39427,1562],{"class":80},[47,39429,136],{"class":98},[47,39431,249],{"class":80},[47,39433,136],{"class":98},[47,39435,393],{"class":80},[47,39437,4080],{"class":98},[47,39439,39440,39442,39444,39446],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39441,95],{"class":94},[47,39443,99],{"class":98},[47,39445,1315],{"class":102},[47,39447,106],{"class":98},[20,39449,39450],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39452,39453],{},"Fix:",[38,39455,39457],{"className":40,"code":39456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39458,39459,39501],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39460,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39462,1290],{"class":53},[47,39464,58],{"class":57},[47,39466,37846],{"class":94},[47,39468,99],{"class":98},[47,39470,37851],{"class":2266},[47,39472,37855],{"class":37854},[47,39474,420],{"class":98},[47,39476,4072],{"class":102},[47,39478,4446],{"class":57},[47,39480,1562],{"class":80},[47,39482,136],{"class":98},[47,39484,3815],{"class":98},[47,39486,1476],{"class":80},[47,39488,136],{"class":98},[47,39490,1562],{"class":80},[47,39492,136],{"class":98},[47,39494,249],{"class":80},[47,39496,136],{"class":98},[47,39498,393],{"class":80},[47,39500,4080],{"class":98},[47,39502,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39504,95],{"class":94},[47,39506,99],{"class":98},[47,39508,8288],{"class":1788},[47,39510,99],{"class":98},[47,39512,1315],{"class":102},[47,39514,1796],{"class":98},[447,39516,39518,39519,3072,39521,39523],{"id":39517},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39520,3795],{},[15,39522,3868],{}," clearly",[20,39525,39526],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39528,39529],{},"Good example:",[38,39531,39533],{"className":40,"code":39532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39534,39535,39548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39536,39537,39539,39542,39544,39546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39538,35047],{"class":2266},[47,39540,39541],{"class":35050}," is_positive",[47,39543,99],{"class":98},[47,39545,2438],{"class":37854},[47,39547,1483],{"class":98},[47,39549,39550,39552,39554,39556],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39551,35058],{"class":1461},[47,39553,1465],{"class":53},[47,39555,4446],{"class":57},[47,39557,1452],{"class":80},[20,39559,39560],{},"Then use it with:",[38,39562,39564],{"className":40,"code":39563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39565,39566,39598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39567,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39569,3810],{"class":53},[47,39571,58],{"class":57},[47,39573,3815],{"class":98},[47,39575,1033],{"class":57},[47,39577,243],{"class":80},[47,39579,136],{"class":98},[47,39581,2422],{"class":57},[47,39583,1476],{"class":80},[47,39585,136],{"class":98},[47,39587,4026],{"class":80},[47,39589,136],{"class":98},[47,39591,1545],{"class":80},[47,39593,136],{"class":98},[47,39595,1562],{"class":80},[47,39597,3828],{"class":98},[47,39599,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612,39615,39617,39619],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39601,95],{"class":94},[47,39603,99],{"class":98},[47,39605,8288],{"class":1788},[47,39607,99],{"class":98},[47,39609,37794],{"class":94},[47,39611,99],{"class":98},[47,39613,39614],{"class":102},"is_positive",[47,39616,136],{"class":98},[47,39618,4457],{"class":102},[47,39620,3106],{"class":98},[20,39622,144],{},[38,39624,39626],{"className":40,"code":39625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39627,39628],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39629,39630,39632,39634,39636,39638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39631,4092],{"class":98},[47,39633,1476],{"class":80},[47,39635,136],{"class":98},[47,39637,1562],{"class":80},[47,39639,3828],{"class":98},[447,39641,39643],{"id":39642},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39645,39646],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[38,39648,39649],{"className":40,"code":38389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39650,39651,39693,39697,39711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39652,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39654,1290],{"class":53},[47,39656,58],{"class":57},[47,39658,37846],{"class":94},[47,39660,99],{"class":98},[47,39662,37851],{"class":2266},[47,39664,37855],{"class":37854},[47,39666,420],{"class":98},[47,39668,4072],{"class":102},[47,39670,4446],{"class":57},[47,39672,1562],{"class":80},[47,39674,136],{"class":98},[47,39676,3815],{"class":98},[47,39678,1476],{"class":80},[47,39680,136],{"class":98},[47,39682,1562],{"class":80},[47,39684,136],{"class":98},[47,39686,249],{"class":80},[47,39688,136],{"class":98},[47,39690,393],{"class":80},[47,39692,4080],{"class":98},[47,39694,39695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39696,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,39698,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,39700,95],{"class":94},[47,39702,99],{"class":98},[47,39704,8288],{"class":1788},[47,39706,99],{"class":98},[47,39708,1315],{"class":102},[47,39710,1796],{"class":98},[47,39712,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,39714,95],{"class":94},[47,39716,99],{"class":98},[47,39718,8288],{"class":1788},[47,39720,99],{"class":98},[47,39722,1315],{"class":102},[47,39724,1796],{"class":98},[20,39726,144],{},[38,39728,39729],{"className":40,"code":38470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,39730,39731,39743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39732,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39734,4092],{"class":98},[47,39736,2263],{"class":80},[47,39738,136],{"class":98},[47,39740,393],{"class":80},[47,39742,3828],{"class":98},[47,39744,39745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39746,38489],{"class":98},[20,39748,39749],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[38,39751,39753],{"className":40,"code":39752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39754,39755,39801,39805,39815],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39756,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787,39789,39791,39793,39795,39797,39799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39758,1290],{"class":53},[47,39760,58],{"class":57},[47,39762,22757],{"class":1788},[47,39764,99],{"class":98},[47,39766,37794],{"class":94},[47,39768,99],{"class":98},[47,39770,37851],{"class":2266},[47,39772,37855],{"class":37854},[47,39774,420],{"class":98},[47,39776,4072],{"class":102},[47,39778,4446],{"class":57},[47,39780,1562],{"class":80},[47,39782,136],{"class":98},[47,39784,3815],{"class":98},[47,39786,1476],{"class":80},[47,39788,136],{"class":98},[47,39790,1562],{"class":80},[47,39792,136],{"class":98},[47,39794,249],{"class":80},[47,39796,136],{"class":98},[47,39798,393],{"class":80},[47,39800,3191],{"class":98},[47,39802,39803],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39804,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,39806,39807,39809,39811,39813],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,39808,95],{"class":94},[47,39810,99],{"class":98},[47,39812,1315],{"class":102},[47,39814,106],{"class":98},[47,39816,39817,39819,39821,39823],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,39818,95],{"class":94},[47,39820,99],{"class":98},[47,39822,1315],{"class":102},[47,39824,106],{"class":98},[447,39826,39828],{"id":39827},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39830,39831],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39833,16839],{},[38,39835,39837],{"className":40,"code":39836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39838,39839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39840,39841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39842,39836],{"class":3857},[20,39844,39845,39846,6745],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39847,582],{},[20,39849,16851],{},[38,39851,39853],{"className":40,"code":39852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39854,39855],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39856,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867,39869,39871,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39858,95],{"class":94},[47,39860,99],{"class":98},[47,39862,8288],{"class":1788},[47,39864,99],{"class":98},[47,39866,37794],{"class":94},[47,39868,99],{"class":98},[47,39870,37851],{"class":2266},[47,39872,37855],{"class":37854},[47,39874,420],{"class":98},[47,39876,4072],{"class":102},[47,39878,4446],{"class":57},[47,39880,1562],{"class":80},[47,39882,136],{"class":98},[47,39884,3815],{"class":98},[47,39886,1476],{"class":80},[47,39888,136],{"class":98},[47,39890,1562],{"class":80},[47,39892,136],{"class":98},[47,39894,249],{"class":80},[47,39896,136],{"class":98},[47,39898,393],{"class":80},[47,39900,37457],{"class":98},[447,39902,37396,39904,8898,39906],{"id":39903},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39905,37768],{},[15,39907,39908],{},"map()",[187,39910,39911,39916],{},[190,39912,39913,39915],{},[15,39914,37768],{}," keeps or removes items",[190,39917,39918,39920],{},[15,39919,39908],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39922,39923,39924,420],{},"Example of ",[15,39925,37768],{},[38,39927,39929],{"className":40,"code":39928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39930,39931,39955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39932,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945,39947,39949,39951,39953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39934,3810],{"class":53},[47,39936,58],{"class":57},[47,39938,3815],{"class":98},[47,39940,1476],{"class":80},[47,39942,136],{"class":98},[47,39944,1562],{"class":80},[47,39946,136],{"class":98},[47,39948,249],{"class":80},[47,39950,136],{"class":98},[47,39952,393],{"class":80},[47,39954,3828],{"class":98},[47,39956,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983,39985],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,39958,95],{"class":94},[47,39960,99],{"class":98},[47,39962,8288],{"class":1788},[47,39964,99],{"class":98},[47,39966,37794],{"class":94},[47,39968,99],{"class":98},[47,39970,37851],{"class":2266},[47,39972,37855],{"class":37854},[47,39974,420],{"class":98},[47,39976,4072],{"class":102},[47,39978,4446],{"class":57},[47,39980,1562],{"class":80},[47,39982,136],{"class":98},[47,39984,4457],{"class":102},[47,39986,3106],{"class":98},[20,39988,144],{},[38,39990,39992],{"className":40,"code":39991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39993,39994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,39995,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,39997,4092],{"class":98},[47,39999,2263],{"class":80},[47,40001,136],{"class":98},[47,40003,393],{"class":80},[47,40005,3828],{"class":98},[20,40007,39923,40008,420],{},[15,40009,39908],{},[38,40011,40013],{"className":40,"code":40012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40014,40015,40039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40016,40017,40019,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033,40035,40037],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40018,3810],{"class":53},[47,40020,58],{"class":57},[47,40022,3815],{"class":98},[47,40024,1476],{"class":80},[47,40026,136],{"class":98},[47,40028,1562],{"class":80},[47,40030,136],{"class":98},[47,40032,249],{"class":80},[47,40034,136],{"class":98},[47,40036,393],{"class":80},[47,40038,3828],{"class":98},[47,40040,40041,40043,40045,40047,40049,40052,40054,40056,40058,40060,40062,40065,40067,40069,40071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40042,95],{"class":94},[47,40044,99],{"class":98},[47,40046,8288],{"class":1788},[47,40048,99],{"class":98},[47,40050,40051],{"class":94},"map",[47,40053,99],{"class":98},[47,40055,37851],{"class":2266},[47,40057,37855],{"class":37854},[47,40059,420],{"class":98},[47,40061,4072],{"class":102},[47,40063,40064],{"class":57},"*",[47,40066,1562],{"class":80},[47,40068,136],{"class":98},[47,40070,4457],{"class":102},[47,40072,3106],{"class":98},[20,40074,144],{},[38,40076,40078],{"className":40,"code":40077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40079,40080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40081,40082,40084,40086,40088,40090,40092,40094,40096,40098],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40083,4092],{"class":98},[47,40085,243],{"class":80},[47,40087,136],{"class":98},[47,40089,393],{"class":80},[47,40091,136],{"class":98},[47,40093,398],{"class":80},[47,40095,136],{"class":98},[47,40097,6553],{"class":80},[47,40099,3828],{"class":98},[20,40101,40102,40103,445],{},"For the related function, see ",[594,40104,13,40106,2088],{"href":40105},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40107,39908],{},[33,40109,1969],{"id":1968},[447,40111,1973,40113,40115],{"id":40112},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40114,37768],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40117,40118,40119,2051],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40120,24979],{},[447,40122,40124,40125,40127],{"id":40123},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40126,37768],{}," need to return?",[20,40129,38074,40130,40132,40133,40135],{},[15,40131,3795],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40134,3868],{}," to remove it.",[447,40137,28528,40139,40141],{"id":40138},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40140,37768],{}," without lambda?",[20,40143,40144],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[447,40146,5339,40148,40151],{"id":40147},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40149,40150],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40153,40154,40155,40157,40158,17268,40160,445],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40156,2321],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40159,285],{},[15,40161,3868],{},[447,40163,21618,40165,40167],{"id":40164},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40166,37768],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40169,40170,40171,40173],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40172,1462],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40175,40176],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[187,40178,40179,40185,40191],{},[190,40180,40181,40182,40184],{},"use ",[15,40183,37768],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[190,40186,40187,40188,40190],{},"use a ",[15,40189,1462],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[190,40192,40193],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40195,40196,40197,445],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[594,40198,5329],{"href":40199},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,40201,2075],{"id":2074},[187,40203,40204,40209,40213,40218,40224],{},[190,40205,40206],{},[594,40207,40208],{"href":38646},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[190,40210,40211],{},[594,40212,5415],{"href":40199},[190,40214,40215],{},[594,40216,40217],{"href":39374},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[190,40219,40220],{},[594,40221,13,40222,2088],{"href":40105},[15,40223,39908],{},[190,40225,40226],{},[594,40227,5410],{"href":5781},[2110,40229,40230],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":40232},[40233,40234,40236,40240,40243,40245,40247,40249,40251,40261,40273],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":37901,"depth":72,"text":40235},"What filter() does",{"id":38035,"depth":72,"text":38036,"children":40237},[40238,40239],{"id":38052,"depth":84,"text":38052},{"id":3913,"depth":84,"text":3913},{"id":38211,"depth":72,"text":38212,"children":40241},[40242],{"id":38382,"depth":84,"text":38383},{"id":38495,"depth":72,"text":40244},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38650,"depth":72,"text":40246},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38811,"depth":72,"text":40248},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38991,"depth":72,"text":40250},"When to use filter()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":40252},[40253,40255,40257,40258,40259],{"id":39384,"depth":84,"text":40254},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39517,"depth":84,"text":40256},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39642,"depth":84,"text":39643},{"id":39827,"depth":84,"text":39828},{"id":39903,"depth":84,"text":40260},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":40262},[40263,40265,40267,40269,40271],{"id":40112,"depth":84,"text":40264},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40123,"depth":84,"text":40266},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40138,"depth":84,"text":40268},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40147,"depth":84,"text":40270},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40164,"depth":84,"text":40272},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37760,"description":40274},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40281,"title":40282,"body":40283,"description":42433,"extension":2167,"meta":42434,"navigation":87,"path":42435,"seo":42436,"stem":42437,"__hash__":42438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40284,"toc":42387},[40285,40288,40293,40299,40301,40352,40354,40373,40378,40382,40387,40390,40405,40408,40430,40432,40481,40483,40507,40509,40511,40526,40531,40539,40554,40556,40565,40568,40603,40607,40612,40616,40623,40658,40660,40676,40680,40683,40724,40726,40740,40744,40747,40771,40773,40782,40786,40789,40822,40824,40837,40841,40847,40866,40868,40876,40880,40885,40889,40895,40918,40920,40949,40952,40971,40975,40978,41005,41007,41041,41045,41048,41072,41076,41087,41089,41094,41100,41102,41186,41188,41230,41233,41237,41244,41253,41309,41316,41325,41330,41334,41404,41406,41415,41419,41422,41466,41468,41477,41481,41487,41537,41541,41546,41550,41574,41576,41585,41589,41613,41615,41626,41630,41654,41656,41665,41668,41685,41691,41695,41701,41704,41709,41712,41733,41735,41767,41770,41775,41777,41788,41790,41834,41838,41845,41897,41899,41908,41912,41915,42008,42011,42035,42039,42042,42134,42139,42143,42150,42155,42179,42181,42190,42195,42218,42220,42228,42235,42258,42266,42268,42281,42291,42293,42297,42304,42308,42317,42321,42328,42332,42336,42340,42353,42355,42384],[10,40286,40282],{"id":40287},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40289,9316,40290,40292],{},[15,40291,3078],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40294,40295,40296,40298],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40297,3078],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[33,40300,36],{"id":35},[38,40302,40304],{"className":40,"code":40303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40305,40306,40320,40338],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40307,40308,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40309,95],{"class":94},[47,40311,99],{"class":98},[47,40313,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40315,99],{"class":98},[47,40317,232],{"class":80},[47,40319,1796],{"class":98},[47,40321,40322,40324,40326,40328,40330,40332,40334,40336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40323,95],{"class":94},[47,40325,99],{"class":98},[47,40327,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40329,99],{"class":98},[47,40331,128],{"class":61},[47,40333,518],{"class":65},[47,40335,128],{"class":61},[47,40337,1796],{"class":98},[47,40339,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348,40350],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,40341,95],{"class":94},[47,40343,99],{"class":98},[47,40345,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40347,99],{"class":98},[47,40349,3795],{"class":1334},[47,40351,1796],{"class":98},[20,40353,144],{},[38,40355,40357],{"className":40,"code":40356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40358,40359,40363,40368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40360,40361],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40362,2675],{"class":80},[47,40364,40365],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40366,40367],{"class":80},"3.14\n",[47,40369,40370],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,40371,40372],{"class":80},"1.0\n",[20,40374,167,40375,40377],{},[15,40376,3078],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[33,40379,40381],{"id":40380},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40383,40384,40386],{},[15,40385,3078],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40388,40389],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[187,40391,40392,40396,40400],{},[190,40393,40394],{},[15,40395,2687],{},[190,40397,40398],{},[15,40399,518],{},[190,40401,40402],{},[15,40403,40404],{},"0.5",[20,40406,40407],{},"A few key points:",[187,40409,40410,40417,40420,40423],{},[190,40411,40412,40414,40415],{},[15,40413,3078],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40416,2393],{},[190,40418,40419],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[190,40421,40422],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[190,40424,40425,40426],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[594,40427,40428],{"href":1405},[15,40429,1408],{},[20,40431,204],{},[38,40433,40435],{"className":40,"code":40434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40436,40437,40457,40467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40438,40439,40441,40443,40446,40448,40450,40453,40455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40440,2417],{"class":53},[47,40442,58],{"class":57},[47,40444,40445],{"class":1788}," float",[47,40447,99],{"class":98},[47,40449,128],{"class":61},[47,40451,40452],{"class":65},"2.75",[47,40454,128],{"class":61},[47,40456,106],{"class":98},[47,40458,40459,40461,40463,40465],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40460,95],{"class":94},[47,40462,99],{"class":98},[47,40464,2438],{"class":102},[47,40466,106],{"class":98},[47,40468,40469,40471,40473,40475,40477,40479],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,40470,95],{"class":94},[47,40472,99],{"class":98},[47,40474,1922],{"class":1788},[47,40476,99],{"class":98},[47,40478,2438],{"class":102},[47,40480,1796],{"class":98},[20,40482,144],{},[38,40484,40486],{"className":40,"code":40485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40487,40488,40493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40489,40490],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40491,40492],{"class":80},"2.75\n",[47,40494,40495,40497,40499,40501,40503,40505],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40496,3482],{"class":57},[47,40498,3485],{"class":2266},[47,40500,3488],{"class":61},[47,40502,2393],{"class":65},[47,40504,3493],{"class":61},[47,40506,3496],{"class":57},[33,40508,290],{"id":289},[20,40510,7413],{},[38,40512,40514],{"className":40,"code":40513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"float(value)\n",[15,40515,40516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40517,40518,40520,40522,40524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40519,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40521,99],{"class":98},[47,40523,2668],{"class":102},[47,40525,106],{"class":98},[20,40527,40528,40529,445],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40530,3078],{},[20,40532,40533,40534,40536,40537,420],{},"If you call ",[15,40535,3078],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40538,3961],{},[38,40540,40542],{"className":40,"code":40541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float())\n",[15,40543,40544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40545,40546,40548,40550,40552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40547,95],{"class":94},[47,40549,99],{"class":98},[47,40551,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40553,7389],{"class":98},[20,40555,144],{},[38,40557,40559],{"className":40,"code":40558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0.0\n",[15,40560,40561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40562,40563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40564,40558],{"class":80},[20,40566,40567],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[38,40569,40571],{"className":40,"code":40570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40572,40573,40593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40574,40575,40578,40580,40582,40584,40586,40589,40591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40576,40577],{"class":53},"price ",[47,40579,58],{"class":57},[47,40581,40445],{"class":1788},[47,40583,99],{"class":98},[47,40585,128],{"class":61},[47,40587,40588],{"class":65},"19.99",[47,40590,128],{"class":61},[47,40592,106],{"class":98},[47,40594,40595,40597,40599,40601],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40596,95],{"class":94},[47,40598,99],{"class":98},[47,40600,25348],{"class":102},[47,40602,106],{"class":98},[33,40604,40606],{"id":40605},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40608,40609,40611],{},[15,40610,3078],{}," can convert several common value types.",[447,40613,40615],{"id":40614},"integers","Integers",[20,40617,40618,40619,40622],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40620,40621],{},".0"," added:",[38,40624,40626],{"className":40,"code":40625,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40627,40628,40642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40629,40630,40632,40634,40636,40638,40640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40631,95],{"class":94},[47,40633,99],{"class":98},[47,40635,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40637,99],{"class":98},[47,40639,232],{"class":80},[47,40641,1796],{"class":98},[47,40643,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652,40654,40656],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40645,95],{"class":94},[47,40647,99],{"class":98},[47,40649,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40651,99],{"class":98},[47,40653,1033],{"class":57},[47,40655,243],{"class":80},[47,40657,1796],{"class":98},[20,40659,144],{},[38,40661,40663],{"className":40,"code":40662,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40664,40665,40669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40666,40667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40668,2675],{"class":80},[47,40670,40671,40673],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40672,1033],{"class":57},[47,40674,40675],{"class":80},"2.0\n",[447,40677,40679],{"id":40678},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40681,40682],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[38,40684,40686],{"className":40,"code":40685,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40687,40688,40706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40689,40690,40692,40694,40696,40698,40700,40702,40704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40691,95],{"class":94},[47,40693,99],{"class":98},[47,40695,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40697,99],{"class":98},[47,40699,128],{"class":61},[47,40701,518],{"class":65},[47,40703,128],{"class":61},[47,40705,1796],{"class":98},[47,40707,40708,40710,40712,40714,40716,40718,40720,40722],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40709,95],{"class":94},[47,40711,99],{"class":98},[47,40713,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40715,99],{"class":98},[47,40717,128],{"class":61},[47,40719,582],{"class":65},[47,40721,128],{"class":61},[47,40723,1796],{"class":98},[20,40725,144],{},[38,40727,40729],{"className":40,"code":40728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40730,40731,40735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40732,40733],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40734,40367],{"class":80},[47,40736,40737],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40738,40739],{"class":80},"10.0\n",[447,40741,40743],{"id":40742},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40745,40746],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[38,40748,40750],{"className":40,"code":40749,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40751,40752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40753,40754,40756,40758,40760,40762,40764,40767,40769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40755,95],{"class":94},[47,40757,99],{"class":98},[47,40759,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40761,99],{"class":98},[47,40763,128],{"class":61},[47,40765,40766],{"class":65},"  8.5  ",[47,40768,128],{"class":61},[47,40770,1796],{"class":98},[20,40772,144],{},[38,40774,40776],{"className":40,"code":40775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8.5\n",[15,40777,40778],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40779,40780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40781,40775],{"class":80},[447,40783,40785],{"id":40784},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40787,40788],{},"Boolean values also work:",[38,40790,40792],{"className":40,"code":40791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40793,40794,40808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40795,40796,40798,40800,40802,40804,40806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40797,95],{"class":94},[47,40799,99],{"class":98},[47,40801,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40803,99],{"class":98},[47,40805,3795],{"class":1334},[47,40807,1796],{"class":98},[47,40809,40810,40812,40814,40816,40818,40820],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40811,95],{"class":94},[47,40813,99],{"class":98},[47,40815,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40817,99],{"class":98},[47,40819,3868],{"class":1334},[47,40821,1796],{"class":98},[20,40823,144],{},[38,40825,40827],{"className":40,"code":40826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40828,40829,40833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40830,40831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40832,40372],{"class":80},[47,40834,40835],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,40836,40558],{"class":80},[447,40838,40840],{"id":40839},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40842,40843,40844,40846],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40845,3078],{}," returns a float version of it:",[38,40848,40850],{"className":40,"code":40849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40851,40852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40853,40854,40856,40858,40860,40862,40864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40855,95],{"class":94},[47,40857,99],{"class":98},[47,40859,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40861,99],{"class":98},[47,40863,2560],{"class":80},[47,40865,1796],{"class":98},[20,40867,144],{},[38,40869,40870],{"className":40,"code":2584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,40871,40872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40873,40874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40875,2584],{"class":80},[33,40877,40879],{"id":40878},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40881,40882,40883,445],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40884,3078],{},[447,40886,40888],{"id":40887},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40890,40891,40892,420],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40893,40894],{},"ValueError",[38,40896,40898],{"className":40,"code":40897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40899,40900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40901,40902,40904,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40903,95],{"class":94},[47,40905,99],{"class":98},[47,40907,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40909,99],{"class":98},[47,40911,128],{"class":61},[47,40913,4038],{"class":65},[47,40915,128],{"class":61},[47,40917,1796],{"class":98},[20,40919,29879],{},[38,40921,40923],{"className":40,"code":40922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40924,40925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40926,40927,40929,40931,40934,40936,40939,40941,40943,40945,40947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40928,40894],{"class":1788},[47,40930,420],{"class":98},[47,40932,40933],{"class":53}," could ",[47,40935,4826],{"class":57},[47,40937,40938],{"class":53}," convert string to ",[47,40940,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40942,420],{"class":98},[47,40944,3488],{"class":61},[47,40946,4038],{"class":65},[47,40948,29898],{"class":61},[20,40950,40951],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[38,40953,40955],{"className":40,"code":40954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40956,40957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40958,40959,40961,40963,40965,40967,40969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40960,95],{"class":94},[47,40962,99],{"class":98},[47,40964,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40966,99],{"class":98},[47,40968,1151],{"class":61},[47,40970,1796],{"class":98},[447,40972,40974],{"id":40973},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40976,40977],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[38,40979,40981],{"className":40,"code":40980,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40982,40983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,40984,40985,40987,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999,41001,41003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,40986,95],{"class":94},[47,40988,99],{"class":98},[47,40990,2393],{"class":1788},[47,40992,3178],{"class":98},[47,40994,1476],{"class":80},[47,40996,136],{"class":98},[47,40998,1562],{"class":80},[47,41000,136],{"class":98},[47,41002,249],{"class":80},[47,41004,3191],{"class":98},[20,41006,29879],{},[38,41008,41010],{"className":40,"code":41009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41011,41012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41013,41014,41016,41018,41020,41022,41025,41028,41031,41033,41035,41037,41039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41015,1707],{"class":1788},[47,41017,420],{"class":98},[47,41019,40445],{"class":1788},[47,41021,7561],{"class":98},[47,41023,41024],{"class":53}," argument must be a string ",[47,41026,41027],{"class":57},"or",[47,41029,41030],{"class":53}," a real number",[47,41032,136],{"class":98},[47,41034,8294],{"class":57},[47,41036,3488],{"class":61},[47,41038,8288],{"class":65},[47,41040,29898],{"class":61},[447,41042,41044],{"id":41043},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41046,41047],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[38,41049,41051],{"className":40,"code":41050,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41052,41053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41054,41055,41057,41059,41061,41063,41065,41068,41070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41056,95],{"class":94},[47,41058,99],{"class":98},[47,41060,2393],{"class":1788},[47,41062,99],{"class":98},[47,41064,128],{"class":61},[47,41066,41067],{"class":65},"3,14",[47,41069,128],{"class":61},[47,41071,1796],{"class":98},[20,41073,3194,41074,445],{},[15,41075,40894],{},[20,41077,41078,41079,839,41083,445],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[594,41080,41082],{"href":41081},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[594,41084,41086],{"href":41085},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[33,41088,17615],{"id":17614},[20,41090,41091,41093],{},[15,41092,3078],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41095,41096,41097,41099],{},"It does ",[280,41098,4826],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41101,204],{},[38,41103,41105],{"className":40,"code":41104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41106,41107,41120,41134,41138,41148,41158,41172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41108,41109,41111,41113,41115,41118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41110,34884],{"class":53},[47,41112,58],{"class":57},[47,41114,62],{"class":61},[47,41116,41117],{"class":65},"6.5",[47,41119,69],{"class":61},[47,41121,41122,41124,41126,41128,41130,41132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41123,2417],{"class":53},[47,41125,58],{"class":57},[47,41127,40445],{"class":1788},[47,41129,99],{"class":98},[47,41131,192],{"class":102},[47,41133,106],{"class":98},[47,41135,41136],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41137,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41139,41140,41142,41144,41146],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41141,95],{"class":94},[47,41143,99],{"class":98},[47,41145,192],{"class":102},[47,41147,106],{"class":98},[47,41149,41150,41152,41154,41156],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,41151,95],{"class":94},[47,41153,99],{"class":98},[47,41155,2438],{"class":102},[47,41157,106],{"class":98},[47,41159,41160,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,41161,95],{"class":94},[47,41163,99],{"class":98},[47,41165,1922],{"class":1788},[47,41167,99],{"class":98},[47,41169,192],{"class":102},[47,41171,1796],{"class":98},[47,41173,41174,41176,41178,41180,41182,41184],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,41175,95],{"class":94},[47,41177,99],{"class":98},[47,41179,1922],{"class":1788},[47,41181,99],{"class":98},[47,41183,2438],{"class":102},[47,41185,1796],{"class":98},[20,41187,144],{},[38,41189,41191],{"className":40,"code":41190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41192,41193,41198,41202,41216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41194,41195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41196,41197],{"class":80},"6.5\n",[47,41199,41200],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41201,41197],{"class":80},[47,41203,41204,41206,41208,41210,41212,41214],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41205,3482],{"class":57},[47,41207,3485],{"class":2266},[47,41209,3488],{"class":61},[47,41211,3636],{"class":65},[47,41213,3493],{"class":61},[47,41215,3496],{"class":57},[47,41217,41218,41220,41222,41224,41226,41228],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41219,3482],{"class":57},[47,41221,3485],{"class":2266},[47,41223,3488],{"class":61},[47,41225,2393],{"class":65},[47,41227,3493],{"class":61},[47,41229,3496],{"class":57},[20,41231,41232],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[33,41234,41236],{"id":41235},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[447,41238,41240,41241,41243],{"id":41239},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41242,1408],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41245,850,41246,41250,41251,445],{},[594,41247,41248,2501],{"href":1405},[15,41249,1408],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41252,3078],{},[38,41254,41256],{"className":40,"code":41255,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41257,41258,41277,41291,41295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41259,41260,41262,41264,41266,41268,41270,41273,41275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41261,8431],{"class":53},[47,41263,58],{"class":57},[47,41265,8436],{"class":94},[47,41267,99],{"class":98},[47,41269,128],{"class":61},[47,41271,41272],{"class":65},"Enter a price: ",[47,41274,128],{"class":61},[47,41276,106],{"class":98},[47,41278,41279,41281,41283,41285,41287,41289],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41280,40577],{"class":53},[47,41282,58],{"class":57},[47,41284,40445],{"class":1788},[47,41286,99],{"class":98},[47,41288,8460],{"class":102},[47,41290,106],{"class":98},[47,41292,41293],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41294,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41296,41297,41299,41301,41303,41305,41307],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41298,95],{"class":94},[47,41300,99],{"class":98},[47,41302,40577],{"class":102},[47,41304,40064],{"class":57},[47,41306,1562],{"class":80},[47,41308,106],{"class":98},[20,41310,41311,41312,41315],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41313,41314],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[38,41317,41319],{"className":40,"code":41318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"9.0\n",[15,41320,41321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41322,41323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41324,41318],{"class":80},[20,41326,41327,41328,445],{},"For more help with this, see ",[594,41329,9174],{"href":9173},[447,41331,41333],{"id":41332},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[38,41335,41337],{"className":40,"code":41336,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41338,41339,41352,41365,41369,41393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41340,41341,41343,41345,41347,41350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41342,2750],{"class":53},[47,41344,58],{"class":57},[47,41346,62],{"class":61},[47,41348,41349],{"class":65},"2.5",[47,41351,69],{"class":61},[47,41353,41354,41356,41358,41360,41363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41355,2777],{"class":53},[47,41357,58],{"class":57},[47,41359,62],{"class":61},[47,41361,41362],{"class":65},"1.5",[47,41364,69],{"class":61},[47,41366,41367],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41368,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41370,41371,41373,41375,41377,41379,41381,41383,41385,41387,41389,41391],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41372,1447],{"class":53},[47,41374,58],{"class":57},[47,41376,40445],{"class":1788},[47,41378,99],{"class":98},[47,41380,594],{"class":102},[47,41382,3854],{"class":98},[47,41384,246],{"class":57},[47,41386,40445],{"class":1788},[47,41388,99],{"class":98},[47,41390,4957],{"class":102},[47,41392,106],{"class":98},[47,41394,41395,41397,41399,41402],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,41396,95],{"class":94},[47,41398,99],{"class":98},[47,41400,41401],{"class":102},"total",[47,41403,106],{"class":98},[20,41405,144],{},[38,41407,41409],{"className":40,"code":41408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4.0\n",[15,41410,41411],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41412,41413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41414,41408],{"class":80},[447,41416,41418],{"id":41417},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41420,41421],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[38,41423,41425],{"className":40,"code":41424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41426,41427,41437,41452,41456],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41428,41429,41432,41434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41430,41431],{"class":53},"count ",[47,41433,58],{"class":57},[47,41435,41436],{"class":80}," 7\n",[47,41438,41439,41441,41443,41445,41447,41450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41440,1290],{"class":53},[47,41442,58],{"class":57},[47,41444,40445],{"class":1788},[47,41446,99],{"class":98},[47,41448,41449],{"class":102},"count",[47,41451,106],{"class":98},[47,41453,41454],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41455,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41457,41458,41460,41462,41464],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41459,95],{"class":94},[47,41461,99],{"class":98},[47,41463,1315],{"class":102},[47,41465,106],{"class":98},[20,41467,144],{},[38,41469,41471],{"className":40,"code":41470,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.0\n",[15,41472,41473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41474,41475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41476,41470],{"class":80},[447,41478,41480],{"id":41479},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41482,41483,41484,41486],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41485,3078],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[38,41488,41490],{"className":40,"code":41489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41491,41492,41506,41522,41526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41493,41494,41497,41499,41501,41504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41495,41496],{"class":53},"temperature_text ",[47,41498,58],{"class":57},[47,41500,62],{"class":61},[47,41502,41503],{"class":65},"21.8",[47,41505,69],{"class":61},[47,41507,41508,41511,41513,41515,41517,41520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41509,41510],{"class":53},"temperature ",[47,41512,58],{"class":57},[47,41514,40445],{"class":1788},[47,41516,99],{"class":98},[47,41518,41519],{"class":102},"temperature_text",[47,41521,106],{"class":98},[47,41523,41524],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41525,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41527,41528,41530,41532,41535],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41529,95],{"class":94},[47,41531,99],{"class":98},[47,41533,41534],{"class":102},"temperature",[47,41536,106],{"class":98},[33,41538,41540],{"id":41539},"special-values","Special values",[20,41542,41543,41545],{},[15,41544,3078],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[447,41547,41549],{"id":41548},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[38,41551,41553],{"className":40,"code":41552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41554,41555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41556,41557,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567,41570,41572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41558,95],{"class":94},[47,41560,99],{"class":98},[47,41562,2393],{"class":1788},[47,41564,99],{"class":98},[47,41566,128],{"class":61},[47,41568,41569],{"class":65},"inf",[47,41571,128],{"class":61},[47,41573,1796],{"class":98},[20,41575,144],{},[38,41577,41579],{"className":40,"code":41578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"inf\n",[15,41580,41581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41582,41583],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41584,41578],{"class":53},[447,41586,41588],{"id":41587},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[38,41590,41592],{"className":40,"code":41591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41593,41594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41595,41596,41598,41600,41602,41604,41606,41609,41611],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41597,95],{"class":94},[47,41599,99],{"class":98},[47,41601,2393],{"class":1788},[47,41603,99],{"class":98},[47,41605,128],{"class":61},[47,41607,41608],{"class":65},"-inf",[47,41610,128],{"class":61},[47,41612,1796],{"class":98},[20,41614,144],{},[38,41616,41618],{"className":40,"code":41617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"-inf\n",[15,41619,41620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41621,41622,41624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41623,1033],{"class":57},[47,41625,41578],{"class":53},[447,41627,41629],{"id":41628},"not-a-number","Not a number",[38,41631,41633],{"className":40,"code":41632,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41634,41635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41636,41637,41639,41641,41643,41645,41647,41650,41652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41638,95],{"class":94},[47,41640,99],{"class":98},[47,41642,2393],{"class":1788},[47,41644,99],{"class":98},[47,41646,128],{"class":61},[47,41648,41649],{"class":65},"nan",[47,41651,128],{"class":61},[47,41653,1796],{"class":98},[20,41655,144],{},[38,41657,41659],{"className":40,"code":41658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nan\n",[15,41660,41661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41662,41663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41664,41658],{"class":53},[20,41666,41667],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[187,41669,41670,41675,41680],{},[190,41671,41672,41674],{},[15,41673,41569],{}," means positive infinity",[190,41676,41677,41679],{},[15,41678,41608],{}," means negative infinity",[190,41681,41682,41684],{},[15,41683,41649],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41686,41687,41688,41690],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41689,3078],{}," accepts them.",[33,41692,41694],{"id":41693},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41696,41697,41698,41700],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41699,3078],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[447,41702,40894],{"id":41703},"valueerror",[20,41705,15383,41706,41708],{},[15,41707,40894],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41710,41711],{},"Common causes:",[187,41713,41714,41720,41723,41726],{},[190,41715,41716,41717],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41718,41719],{},"\"abc\"",[190,41721,41722],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[190,41724,41725],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[190,41727,4900,41728],{},[594,41729,41730,41732],{"href":1405},[15,41731,1408],{}," returns a string",[20,41734,204],{},[38,41736,41738],{"className":40,"code":41737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41739,41740,41753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41741,41742,41744,41746,41748,41751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41743,2644],{"class":53},[47,41745,58],{"class":57},[47,41747,62],{"class":61},[47,41749,41750],{"class":65},"abc",[47,41752,69],{"class":61},[47,41754,41755,41757,41759,41761,41763,41765],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41756,95],{"class":94},[47,41758,99],{"class":98},[47,41760,2393],{"class":1788},[47,41762,99],{"class":98},[47,41764,2668],{"class":102},[47,41766,1796],{"class":98},[447,41768,1707],{"id":41769},"typeerror",[20,41771,15383,41772,41774],{},[15,41773,1707],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41776,41711],{},[187,41778,41779,41782,41785],{},[190,41780,41781],{},"Passing a list",[190,41783,41784],{},"Passing a dictionary",[190,41786,41787],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41789,204],{},[38,41791,41793],{"className":40,"code":41792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41794,41795,41820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41796,41797,41799,41801,41803,41805,41807,41809,41811,41813,41816,41818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41798,2644],{"class":53},[47,41800,58],{"class":57},[47,41802,10683],{"class":98},[47,41804,128],{"class":61},[47,41806,25348],{"class":65},[47,41808,128],{"class":61},[47,41810,420],{"class":98},[47,41812,62],{"class":61},[47,41814,41815],{"class":65},"9.99",[47,41817,128],{"class":61},[47,41819,9500],{"class":98},[47,41821,41822,41824,41826,41828,41830,41832],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41823,95],{"class":94},[47,41825,99],{"class":98},[47,41827,2393],{"class":1788},[47,41829,99],{"class":98},[47,41831,2668],{"class":102},[47,41833,1796],{"class":98},[447,41835,41837],{"id":41836},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41839,41840,41841,41844],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41842,41843],{},"strip()"," can help:",[38,41846,41848],{"className":40,"code":41847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41849,41850,41863,41878,41882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41851,41852,41854,41856,41858,41861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41853,2644],{"class":53},[47,41855,58],{"class":57},[47,41857,62],{"class":61},[47,41859,41860],{"class":65},"  7.25  ",[47,41862,69],{"class":61},[47,41864,41865,41868,41870,41872,41874,41876],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41866,41867],{"class":53},"clean_value ",[47,41869,58],{"class":57},[47,41871,8626],{"class":53},[47,41873,445],{"class":98},[47,41875,8827],{"class":102},[47,41877,8836],{"class":98},[47,41879,41880],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41881,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41883,41884,41886,41888,41890,41892,41895],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41885,95],{"class":94},[47,41887,99],{"class":98},[47,41889,2393],{"class":1788},[47,41891,99],{"class":98},[47,41893,41894],{"class":102},"clean_value",[47,41896,1796],{"class":98},[20,41898,144],{},[38,41900,41902],{"className":40,"code":41901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.25\n",[15,41903,41904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41905,41906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41907,41901],{"class":80},[447,41909,41911],{"id":41910},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41913,41914],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[38,41916,41918],{"className":40,"code":41917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41919,41920,41933,41937,41947,41961,41976,41980,41994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,41921,41922,41924,41926,41928,41931],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,41923,2644],{"class":53},[47,41925,58],{"class":57},[47,41927,62],{"class":61},[47,41929,41930],{"class":65}," 3.5 ",[47,41932,69],{"class":61},[47,41934,41935],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,41936,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41938,41939,41941,41943,41945],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,41940,95],{"class":94},[47,41942,99],{"class":98},[47,41944,2668],{"class":102},[47,41946,106],{"class":98},[47,41948,41949,41951,41953,41955,41957,41959],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,41950,95],{"class":94},[47,41952,99],{"class":98},[47,41954,1922],{"class":1788},[47,41956,99],{"class":98},[47,41958,2668],{"class":102},[47,41960,1796],{"class":98},[47,41962,41963,41965,41967,41970,41972,41974],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,41964,95],{"class":94},[47,41966,99],{"class":98},[47,41968,41969],{"class":94},"repr",[47,41971,99],{"class":98},[47,41973,2668],{"class":102},[47,41975,1796],{"class":98},[47,41977,41978],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,41979,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,41981,41982,41984,41986,41988,41990,41992],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,41983,41867],{"class":53},[47,41985,58],{"class":57},[47,41987,8626],{"class":53},[47,41989,445],{"class":98},[47,41991,8827],{"class":102},[47,41993,8836],{"class":98},[47,41995,41996,41998,42000,42002,42004,42006],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,41997,95],{"class":94},[47,41999,99],{"class":98},[47,42001,2393],{"class":1788},[47,42003,99],{"class":98},[47,42005,41894],{"class":102},[47,42007,1796],{"class":98},[20,42009,42010],{},"Why this helps:",[187,42012,42013,42019,42024,42030],{},[190,42014,42015,42018],{},[15,42016,42017],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[190,42020,42021,21565],{},[15,42022,42023],{},"print(type(value))",[190,42025,42026,42029],{},[15,42027,42028],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[190,42031,42032,42034],{},[15,42033,41843],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[447,42036,42038],{"id":42037},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42040,42041],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[38,42043,42045],{"className":40,"code":42044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42046,42047,42066,42070,42076,42091,42110,42119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42048,42049,42051,42053,42055,42057,42059,42062,42064],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42050,2644],{"class":53},[47,42052,58],{"class":57},[47,42054,8436],{"class":94},[47,42056,99],{"class":98},[47,42058,128],{"class":61},[47,42060,42061],{"class":65},"Enter a number: ",[47,42063,128],{"class":61},[47,42065,106],{"class":98},[47,42067,42068],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42069,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,42071,42072,42074],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,42073,30002],{"class":1461},[47,42075,6586],{"class":98},[47,42077,42078,42081,42083,42085,42087,42089],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,42079,42080],{"class":53},"    number ",[47,42082,58],{"class":57},[47,42084,40445],{"class":1788},[47,42086,99],{"class":98},[47,42088,2668],{"class":102},[47,42090,106],{"class":98},[47,42092,42093,42095,42097,42099,42102,42104,42106,42108],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,42094,1499],{"class":94},[47,42096,99],{"class":98},[47,42098,128],{"class":61},[47,42100,42101],{"class":65},"Converted:",[47,42103,128],{"class":61},[47,42105,136],{"class":98},[47,42107,1513],{"class":102},[47,42109,106],{"class":98},[47,42111,42112,42114,42117],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,42113,30033],{"class":1461},[47,42115,42116],{"class":1788}," ValueError",[47,42118,6586],{"class":98},[47,42120,42121,42123,42125,42127,42130,42132],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,42122,1499],{"class":94},[47,42124,99],{"class":98},[47,42126,128],{"class":61},[47,42128,42129],{"class":65},"That is not a valid number.",[47,42131,128],{"class":61},[47,42133,106],{"class":98},[20,42135,42136,42137,445],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[594,42138,41086],{"href":41085},[33,42140,42142],{"id":42141},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42144,10783,42145,839,42147,42149],{},[15,42146,3078],{},[15,42148,3071],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42151,42152,42154],{},[15,42153,3078],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[38,42156,42158],{"className":40,"code":42157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42159,42160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42161,42162,42164,42166,42168,42170,42172,42175,42177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42163,95],{"class":94},[47,42165,99],{"class":98},[47,42167,2393],{"class":1788},[47,42169,99],{"class":98},[47,42171,128],{"class":61},[47,42173,42174],{"class":65},"3.9",[47,42176,128],{"class":61},[47,42178,1796],{"class":98},[20,42180,144],{},[38,42182,42184],{"className":40,"code":42183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.9\n",[15,42185,42186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42187,42188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42189,42183],{"class":80},[20,42191,42192,42194],{},[15,42193,3071],{}," creates whole numbers:",[38,42196,42198],{"className":40,"code":42197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42199,42200],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42201,42202,42204,42206,42208,42210,42212,42214,42216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42203,95],{"class":94},[47,42205,99],{"class":98},[47,42207,2389],{"class":1788},[47,42209,99],{"class":98},[47,42211,128],{"class":61},[47,42213,582],{"class":65},[47,42215,128],{"class":61},[47,42217,1796],{"class":98},[20,42219,144],{},[38,42221,42222],{"className":40,"code":2574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42223,42224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42225,42226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42227,2574],{"class":80},[20,42229,42230,42231,42234],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42232,42233],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[38,42236,42238],{"className":40,"code":42237,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42239,42240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42241,42242,42244,42246,42248,42250,42252,42254,42256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42243,95],{"class":94},[47,42245,99],{"class":98},[47,42247,2389],{"class":1788},[47,42249,99],{"class":98},[47,42251,128],{"class":61},[47,42253,42174],{"class":65},[47,42255,128],{"class":61},[47,42257,1796],{"class":98},[20,42259,3194,42260,8794,42262,42265],{},[15,42261,40894],{},[15,42263,42264],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42267,10906],{},[187,42269,42270,42276],{},[190,42271,42272,42275],{},[15,42273,42274],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[190,42277,42278,42280],{},[15,42279,42233],{}," fails",[20,42282,42283,42284,42287,42288,42290],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[594,42285,42286],{"href":3068},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[594,42289,2617],{"href":2616}," helpful.",[33,42292,1969],{"id":1968},[447,42294,42296],{"id":42295},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42298,42299,42300,3072,42302,445],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42301,2687],{},[15,42303,518],{},[447,42305,42307],{"id":42306},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42309,42310,42311,3072,42314,445],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42312,42313],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42315,42316],{},"\"10\"",[447,42318,42320],{"id":42319},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42322,2012,42323,42325,42326,445],{},[15,42324,41719],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42327,40894],{},[447,42329,42331],{"id":42330},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42333,5345,42334,445],{},[15,42335,3961],{},[447,42337,42339],{"id":42338},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42341,42342,42343,42345,42346,839,42349,42345,42351,445],{},"Yes. ",[15,42344,3795],{}," becomes ",[15,42347,42348],{},"1.0",[15,42350,3868],{},[15,42352,3961],{},[33,42354,2075],{"id":2074},[187,42356,42357,42361,42366,42371,42375,42379],{},[190,42358,42359],{},[594,42360,42286],{"href":3068},[190,42362,42363],{},[594,42364,42365],{"href":795},"Python str() Function Explained",[190,42367,42368],{},[594,42369,42370],{"href":41081},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[190,42372,42373],{},[594,42374,9251],{"href":9173},[190,42376,42377],{},[594,42378,41086],{"href":41085},[190,42380,42381],{},[594,42382,42383],{"href":1405},"Python input() Function Explained",[2110,42385,42386],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":42388},[42389,42390,42391,42392,42399,42404,42405,42412,42417,42424,42425,42432],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":40380,"depth":72,"text":40381},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":40605,"depth":72,"text":40606,"children":42393},[42394,42395,42396,42397,42398],{"id":40614,"depth":84,"text":40615},{"id":40678,"depth":84,"text":40679},{"id":40742,"depth":84,"text":40743},{"id":40784,"depth":84,"text":40785},{"id":40839,"depth":84,"text":40840},{"id":40878,"depth":72,"text":40879,"children":42400},[42401,42402,42403],{"id":40887,"depth":84,"text":40888},{"id":40973,"depth":84,"text":40974},{"id":41043,"depth":84,"text":41044},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":41235,"depth":72,"text":41236,"children":42406},[42407,42409,42410,42411],{"id":41239,"depth":84,"text":42408},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41332,"depth":84,"text":41333},{"id":41417,"depth":84,"text":41418},{"id":41479,"depth":84,"text":41480},{"id":41539,"depth":72,"text":41540,"children":42413},[42414,42415,42416],{"id":41548,"depth":84,"text":41549},{"id":41587,"depth":84,"text":41588},{"id":41628,"depth":84,"text":41629},{"id":41693,"depth":72,"text":41694,"children":42418},[42419,42420,42421,42422,42423],{"id":41703,"depth":84,"text":40894},{"id":41769,"depth":84,"text":1707},{"id":41836,"depth":84,"text":41837},{"id":41910,"depth":84,"text":41911},{"id":42037,"depth":84,"text":42038},{"id":42141,"depth":72,"text":42142},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":42426},[42427,42428,42429,42430,42431],{"id":42295,"depth":84,"text":42296},{"id":42306,"depth":84,"text":42307},{"id":42319,"depth":84,"text":42320},{"id":42330,"depth":84,"text":42331},{"id":42338,"depth":84,"text":42339},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40282,"description":42433},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42440,"title":42441,"body":42442,"description":43663,"extension":2167,"meta":43664,"navigation":87,"path":35219,"seo":43665,"stem":43666,"__hash__":43667},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42443,"toc":43629},[42444,42447,42452,42455,42457,42496,42510,42514,42519,42522,42539,42542,42552,42567,42570,42572,42575,42591,42594,42597,42617,42621,42632,42635,42639,42643,42657,42692,42696,42707,42742,42745,42747,42755,42788,42804,42806,42816,42837,42848,42850,42855,42858,42872,42874,42893,42896,42909,42912,42916,42920,42934,42937,42955,42958,42973,42977,42982,42996,43002,43004,43061,43063,43096,43099,43115,43119,43126,43130,43135,43138,43149,43153,43158,43173,43182,43187,43206,43209,43221,43223,43228,43238,43241,43270,43275,43284,43288,43293,43296,43300,43305,43307,43337,43340,43347,43352,43357,43361,43364,43372,43375,43453,43456,43478,43480,43484,43487,43491,43497,43560,43564,43572,43576,43579,43581,43606,43626],[10,42445,42441],{"id":42446},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42448,3773,42449,42451],{},[15,42450,35222],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42453,42454],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[33,42456,36],{"id":35},[38,42458,42460],{"className":40,"code":42459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42461,42462,42472,42482],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42463,42464,42466,42468,42470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42465,1934],{"class":94},[47,42467,99],{"class":98},[47,42469,11355],{"class":94},[47,42471,106],{"class":98},[47,42473,42474,42476,42478,42480],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42475,1934],{"class":94},[47,42477,99],{"class":98},[47,42479,3636],{"class":1788},[47,42481,106],{"class":98},[47,42483,42484,42486,42488,42490,42492,42494],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,42485,1934],{"class":94},[47,42487,99],{"class":98},[47,42489,3493],{"class":61},[47,42491,34855],{"class":65},[47,42493,3493],{"class":61},[47,42495,106],{"class":98},[20,42497,167,42498,42500,42501,3072,42503,42505,42506,42509],{},[15,42499,35222],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42502,11355],{},[15,42504,3636],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42507,42508],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[33,42511,42513],{"id":42512},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42515,42516,42518],{},[15,42517,35222],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42520,42521],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[187,42523,42524,42527,42530,42533,42536],{},[190,42525,42526],{},"Functions",[190,42528,42529],{},"Classes",[190,42531,42532],{},"Methods",[190,42534,42535],{},"Modules",[190,42537,42538],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42540,42541],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42543,42544,42545,42551],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[594,42546,42548],{"href":42547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42549,42550],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[38,42553,42555],{"className":40,"code":42554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\n",[15,42556,42557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42558,42559,42561,42563,42565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42560,1934],{"class":94},[47,42562,99],{"class":98},[47,42564,11355],{"class":94},[47,42566,106],{"class":98},[20,42568,42569],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[33,42571,290],{"id":289},[20,42573,42574],{},"The main form is:",[38,42576,42578],{"className":40,"code":42577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(object)\n",[15,42579,42580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42581,42582,42584,42586,42589],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42583,1934],{"class":94},[47,42585,99],{"class":98},[47,42587,42588],{"class":1788},"object",[47,42590,106],{"class":98},[20,42592,42593],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42595,42596],{},"Common examples include:",[187,42598,42599,42603,42608,42612],{},[190,42600,42601],{},[15,42602,11355],{},[190,42604,42605],{},[15,42606,42607],{},"list.append",[190,42609,42610],{},[15,42611,3636],{},[190,42613,42614],{},[15,42615,42616],{},"open",[20,42618,7370,42619,7373],{},[15,42620,35222],{},[38,42622,42624],{"className":40,"code":42623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help()\n",[15,42625,42626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42627,42628,42630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42629,1934],{"class":94},[47,42631,8836],{"class":98},[20,42633,42634],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[33,42636,42638],{"id":42637},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[447,42640,42642],{"id":42641},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42644,42645,42646,2390,42648,2390,42650,17268,42653,445],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42647,11355],{},[15,42649,95],{},[15,42651,42652],{},"input",[594,42654,42655],{"href":2497},[15,42656,2500],{},[38,42658,42660],{"className":40,"code":42659,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42661,42662,42672,42682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42663,42664,42666,42668,42670],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42665,1934],{"class":94},[47,42667,99],{"class":98},[47,42669,95],{"class":94},[47,42671,106],{"class":98},[47,42673,42674,42676,42678,42680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42675,1934],{"class":94},[47,42677,99],{"class":98},[47,42679,42652],{"class":94},[47,42681,106],{"class":98},[47,42683,42684,42686,42688,42690],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,42685,1934],{"class":94},[47,42687,99],{"class":98},[47,42689,1922],{"class":1788},[47,42691,106],{"class":98},[447,42693,42695],{"id":42694},"data-types","Data types",[20,42697,42698,42699,2390,42701,2390,42703,17268,42705,445],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42700,3636],{},[15,42702,8288],{},[15,42704,9015],{},[15,42706,6480],{},[38,42708,42710],{"className":40,"code":42709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42711,42712,42722,42732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42713,42714,42716,42718,42720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42715,1934],{"class":94},[47,42717,99],{"class":98},[47,42719,3636],{"class":1788},[47,42721,106],{"class":98},[47,42723,42724,42726,42728,42730],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42725,1934],{"class":94},[47,42727,99],{"class":98},[47,42729,8288],{"class":1788},[47,42731,106],{"class":98},[47,42733,42734,42736,42738,42740],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,42735,1934],{"class":94},[47,42737,99],{"class":98},[47,42739,9015],{"class":1788},[47,42741,106],{"class":98},[20,42743,42744],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[447,42746,42532],{"id":34702},[20,42748,42749,42750,839,42753,445],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42751,42752],{},"str.split",[15,42754,42607],{},[38,42756,42758],{"className":40,"code":42757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42759,42760,42774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42761,42762,42764,42766,42768,42770,42772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42763,1934],{"class":94},[47,42765,99],{"class":98},[47,42767,3636],{"class":1788},[47,42769,445],{"class":98},[47,42771,34665],{"class":24948},[47,42773,106],{"class":98},[47,42775,42776,42778,42780,42782,42784,42786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42777,1934],{"class":94},[47,42779,99],{"class":98},[47,42781,8288],{"class":1788},[47,42783,445],{"class":98},[47,42785,13747],{"class":24948},[47,42787,106],{"class":98},[20,42789,42790,42791,8898,42793,28513,42798,42800,42801,42803],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42792,35222],{},[594,42794,42796],{"href":42795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42797,34509],{},[15,42799,34509],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42802,35222],{}," explains one of them.",[447,42805,42535],{"id":34855},[20,42807,42808,42809,2390,42811,17268,42813,445],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42810,18613],{},[15,42812,35385],{},[15,42814,42815],{},"os",[38,42817,42819],{"className":40,"code":42818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42820,42821,42827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42822,42823,42825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42824,35286],{"class":1461},[47,42826,35289],{"class":53},[47,42828,42829,42831,42833,42835],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,42830,1934],{"class":94},[47,42832,99],{"class":98},[47,42834,18613],{"class":102},[47,42836,106],{"class":98},[20,42838,42839,42840,42844,42845,445],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[594,42841,42843],{"href":42842},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[594,42846,35352],{"href":42847},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[33,42849,35113],{"id":35112},[20,42851,42852,42854],{},[15,42853,35222],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42856,42857],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[187,42859,42860,42863,42866,42869],{},[190,42861,42862],{},"The function signature",[190,42864,42865],{},"The short description",[190,42867,42868],{},"Parameter names",[190,42870,42871],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42873,5667],{},[38,42875,42877],{"className":40,"code":42876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42878,42879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42880,42881,42883,42885,42887,42889,42891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42882,1934],{"class":94},[47,42884,99],{"class":98},[47,42886,3636],{"class":1788},[47,42888,445],{"class":98},[47,42890,34665],{"class":24948},[47,42892,106],{"class":98},[20,42894,42895],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[187,42897,42898,42901,42904,42906],{},[190,42899,42900],{},"What object this is",[190,42902,42903],{},"What arguments it accepts",[190,42905,22167],{},[190,42907,42908],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42910,42911],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[33,42913,42915],{"id":42914},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42917,42918,30072],{},[15,42919,35222],{},[187,42921,42922,42925,42928,42931],{},[190,42923,42924],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[190,42926,42927],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[190,42929,42930],{},"You are exploring a new module",[190,42932,42933],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42935,42936],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[38,42938,42939],{"className":40,"code":42876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,42940,42941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42942,42943,42945,42947,42949,42951,42953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42944,1934],{"class":94},[47,42946,99],{"class":98},[47,42948,3636],{"class":1788},[47,42950,445],{"class":98},[47,42952,34665],{"class":24948},[47,42954,106],{"class":98},[20,42956,42957],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[38,42959,42961],{"className":40,"code":42960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(open)\n",[15,42962,42963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,42964,42965,42967,42969,42971],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,42966,1934],{"class":94},[47,42968,99],{"class":98},[47,42970,42616],{"class":94},[47,42972,106],{"class":98},[33,42974,42976],{"id":42975},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42978,42979,42981],{},[15,42980,35222],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[187,42983,42984,42987,42990,42993],{},[190,42985,42986],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[190,42988,42989],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[190,42991,42992],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[190,42994,42995],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42997,42998,42999,43001],{},"So, ",[15,43000,35222],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43003,5667],{},[38,43005,43007],{"className":40,"code":43006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43008,43009,43022,43046,43050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43010,43011,43013,43015,43017,43020],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43012,34884],{"class":53},[47,43014,58],{"class":57},[47,43016,62],{"class":61},[47,43018,43019],{"class":65},"a,b,c",[47,43021,69],{"class":61},[47,43023,43024,43027,43029,43032,43034,43036,43038,43040,43042,43044],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43025,43026],{"class":53},"parts ",[47,43028,58],{"class":57},[47,43030,43031],{"class":53}," text",[47,43033,445],{"class":98},[47,43035,34665],{"class":102},[47,43037,99],{"class":98},[47,43039,128],{"class":61},[47,43041,136],{"class":65},[47,43043,128],{"class":61},[47,43045,106],{"class":98},[47,43047,43048],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,43049,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,43051,43052,43054,43056,43059],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,43053,95],{"class":94},[47,43055,99],{"class":98},[47,43057,43058],{"class":102},"parts",[47,43060,106],{"class":98},[20,43062,5754],{},[38,43064,43066],{"className":40,"code":43065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43067,43068],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43069,43070,43072,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082,43084,43086,43088,43090,43092,43094],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43071,4092],{"class":98},[47,43073,3493],{"class":61},[47,43075,594],{"class":65},[47,43077,3493],{"class":61},[47,43079,136],{"class":98},[47,43081,3488],{"class":61},[47,43083,4957],{"class":65},[47,43085,3493],{"class":61},[47,43087,136],{"class":98},[47,43089,3488],{"class":61},[47,43091,9931],{"class":65},[47,43093,3493],{"class":61},[47,43095,3828],{"class":98},[20,43097,43098],{},"A good workflow is:",[28913,43100,43101,43106,43109,43112],{},[190,43102,167,43103,43105],{},[15,43104,35222],{}," to inspect something",[190,43107,43108],{},"Write a tiny example",[190,43110,43111],{},"Check the result",[190,43113,43114],{},"Repeat",[33,43116,43118],{"id":43117},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43120,43121,839,43123,43125],{},[15,43122,35222],{},[15,43124,34509],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[447,43127,43128],{"id":1934},[15,43129,35222],{},[20,43131,167,43132,43134],{},[15,43133,35222],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43136,43137],{},"It tells you:",[187,43139,43140,43143,43146],{},[190,43141,43142],{},"What something is",[190,43144,43145],{},"How to use it",[190,43147,43148],{},"What parameters it accepts",[447,43150,43151],{"id":34570},[15,43152,34509],{},[20,43154,167,43155,43157],{},[15,43156,34509],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[38,43159,43161],{"className":40,"code":43160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dir(str)\n",[15,43162,43163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43164,43165,43167,43169,43171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43166,34570],{"class":94},[47,43168,99],{"class":98},[47,43170,3636],{"class":1788},[47,43172,106],{"class":98},[20,43174,43175,43176,2390,43178,17268,43180,445],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43177,34665],{},[15,43179,8827],{},[15,43181,8833],{},[20,43183,43184,43185,420],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43186,35222],{},[38,43188,43190],{"className":40,"code":43189,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43191,43192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43193,43194,43196,43198,43200,43202,43204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43195,1934],{"class":94},[47,43197,99],{"class":98},[47,43199,3636],{"class":1788},[47,43201,445],{"class":98},[47,43203,8833],{"class":24948},[47,43205,106],{"class":98},[20,43207,43208],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[187,43210,43211,43216],{},[190,43212,167,43213,43215],{},[15,43214,34509],{}," to discover options",[190,43217,167,43218,43220],{},[15,43219,35222],{}," to understand one option",[33,43222,1595],{"id":1594},[20,43224,43225,43226,445],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43227,35222],{},[447,43229,1654,43231,43234,43235],{"id":43230},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43232,43233],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43236,43237],{},"help(len)",[20,43239,43240],{},"These are not always the same.",[38,43242,43244],{"className":40,"code":43243,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43245,43246,43256],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43247,43248,43250,43252,43254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43249,1934],{"class":94},[47,43251,99],{"class":98},[47,43253,11355],{"class":94},[47,43255,106],{"class":98},[47,43257,43258,43260,43262,43264,43266,43268],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43259,1934],{"class":94},[47,43261,99],{"class":98},[47,43263,3493],{"class":61},[47,43265,11355],{"class":65},[47,43267,3493],{"class":61},[47,43269,106],{"class":98},[20,43271,43272,43274],{},[15,43273,43237],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43276,43277,43279,43280,43283],{},[15,43278,43233],{}," treats ",[15,43281,43282],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[447,43285,43287],{"id":43286},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43289,43290,43292],{},[15,43291,35222],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43294,43295],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[447,43297,43299],{"id":43298},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43301,40533,43302,43304],{},[15,43303,35222],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43306,204],{},[38,43308,43310],{"className":40,"code":43309,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43311,43312,43322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43313,43314,43316,43318,43320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43315,1934],{"class":94},[47,43317,99],{"class":98},[47,43319,11355],{"class":94},[47,43321,106],{"class":98},[47,43323,43324,43326,43328,43330,43333,43335],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43325,95],{"class":94},[47,43327,99],{"class":98},[47,43329,128],{"class":61},[47,43331,43332],{"class":65},"Done",[47,43334,128],{"class":61},[47,43336,106],{"class":98},[20,43338,43339],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[447,43341,37396,43343,8898,43345],{"id":43342},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43344,35222],{},[15,43346,34509],{},[20,43348,43349,43350,445],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43351,34509],{},[20,43353,43354,43355,445],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43356,35222],{},[33,43358,43360],{"id":43359},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43362,43363],{},"Open Python:",[38,43365,43366],{"className":40,"code":35737,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,43367,43368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43369,43370],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43371,35737],{"class":53},[20,43373,43374],{},"Then test these commands:",[38,43376,43378],{"className":40,"code":43377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43379,43380,43390,43404,43418,43428,43443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43381,43382,43384,43386,43388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43383,1934],{"class":94},[47,43385,99],{"class":98},[47,43387,11355],{"class":94},[47,43389,106],{"class":98},[47,43391,43392,43394,43396,43398,43400,43402],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43393,1934],{"class":94},[47,43395,99],{"class":98},[47,43397,3636],{"class":1788},[47,43399,445],{"class":98},[47,43401,34665],{"class":24948},[47,43403,106],{"class":98},[47,43405,43406,43408,43410,43412,43414,43416],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,43407,1934],{"class":94},[47,43409,99],{"class":98},[47,43411,8288],{"class":1788},[47,43413,445],{"class":98},[47,43415,13747],{"class":24948},[47,43417,106],{"class":98},[47,43419,43420,43422,43424,43426],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,43421,1934],{"class":94},[47,43423,99],{"class":98},[47,43425,42616],{"class":94},[47,43427,106],{"class":98},[47,43429,43430,43432,43434,43436,43439,43441],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43431,1934],{"class":94},[47,43433,99],{"class":98},[47,43435,3493],{"class":61},[47,43437,43438],{"class":65},"keywords",[47,43440,3493],{"class":61},[47,43442,106],{"class":98},[47,43444,43445,43447,43449,43451],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,43446,34570],{"class":94},[47,43448,99],{"class":98},[47,43450,3636],{"class":1788},[47,43452,106],{"class":98},[20,43454,43455],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[187,43457,43458,43461,43464,43467,43470,43473],{},[190,43459,43460],{},"A built-in function",[190,43462,43463],{},"A string method",[190,43465,43466],{},"A list method",[190,43468,43469],{},"A built-in file function",[190,43471,43472],{},"A special help topic",[190,43474,15383,43475,43477],{},[15,43476,34509],{}," example for comparison",[33,43479,1969],{"id":1968},[447,43481,43483],{"id":43482},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43485,43486],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[447,43488,43490],{"id":43489},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43492,43493,43494,43496],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43495,35222],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[38,43498,43500],{"className":40,"code":43499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43501,43502,43514,43527,43546,43550],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43503,43504,43506,43508,43510,43512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43505,35047],{"class":2266},[47,43507,35051],{"class":35050},[47,43509,99],{"class":98},[47,43511,103],{"class":37854},[47,43513,1483],{"class":98},[47,43515,43516,43520,43524],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43517,43519],{"class":43518},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[47,43521,43523],{"class":43522},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[47,43525,43526],{"class":43518},"\"\"\"\n",[47,43528,43529,43531,43534,43537,43539,43541,43543],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,43530,35058],{"class":1461},[47,43532,43533],{"class":2266}," f",[47,43535,43536],{"class":65},"\"Hello, ",[47,43538,9470],{"class":80},[47,43540,103],{"class":53},[47,43542,22500],{"class":80},[47,43544,43545],{"class":65},"!\"\n",[47,43547,43548],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,43549,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,43551,43552,43554,43556,43558],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43553,1934],{"class":94},[47,43555,99],{"class":98},[47,43557,35092],{"class":102},[47,43559,106],{"class":98},[447,43561,43563],{"id":43562},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43565,43566,43568,43569,43571],{},[15,43567,43237],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43570,43233],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[447,43573,43575],{"id":43574},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43577,43578],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[33,43580,2075],{"id":2074},[187,43582,43583,43588,43592,43597,43602],{},[190,43584,43585],{},[594,43586,43587],{"href":42795},"Python dir() function explained",[190,43589,43590],{},[594,43591,8635],{"href":2497},[190,43593,43594],{},[594,43595,43596],{"href":42547},"Python len() function explained",[190,43598,43599],{},[594,43600,43601],{"href":42842},"How import works in Python",[190,43603,43604],{},[594,43605,35352],{"href":42847},[20,43607,43608,43609,43611,43612,2390,43614,17268,43616,43618,43619,3072,43622,43625],{},"Try ",[15,43610,35222],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43613,11355],{},[15,43615,95],{},[15,43617,42652],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43620,43621],{},"dir(str)",[15,43623,43624],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2110,43627,43628],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":43630},[43631,43632,43633,43634,43640,43641,43642,43643,43647,43655,43656,43662],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":42512,"depth":72,"text":42513},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":42637,"depth":72,"text":42638,"children":43635},[43636,43637,43638,43639],{"id":42641,"depth":84,"text":42642},{"id":42694,"depth":84,"text":42695},{"id":34702,"depth":84,"text":42532},{"id":34855,"depth":84,"text":42535},{"id":35112,"depth":72,"text":35113},{"id":42914,"depth":72,"text":42915},{"id":42975,"depth":72,"text":42976},{"id":43117,"depth":72,"text":43118,"children":43644},[43645,43646],{"id":1934,"depth":84,"text":35222},{"id":34570,"depth":84,"text":34509},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":43648},[43649,43651,43652,43653],{"id":43230,"depth":84,"text":43650},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43286,"depth":84,"text":43287},{"id":43298,"depth":84,"text":43299},{"id":43342,"depth":84,"text":43654},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43359,"depth":72,"text":43360},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":43657},[43658,43659,43660,43661],{"id":43482,"depth":84,"text":43483},{"id":43489,"depth":84,"text":43490},{"id":43562,"depth":84,"text":43563},{"id":43574,"depth":84,"text":43575},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42441,"description":43663},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43669,"title":43670,"body":43671,"description":45033,"extension":2167,"meta":45034,"navigation":87,"path":45035,"seo":45036,"stem":45037,"__hash__":45038},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43672,"toc":45006},[43673,43679,43684,43690,43700,43759,43769,43780,43785,43791,43793,43811,43819,43821,43823,43838,43841,43852,43854,43945,43948,43952,43957,43978,43980,44091,44093,44120,44131,44135,44138,44221,44223,44231,44237,44243,44247,44250,44360,44362,44375,44378,44392,44400,44407,44412,44426,44432,44545,44547,44608,44611,44617,44623,44626,44648,44651,44721,44724,44756,44763,44765,44768,44786,44789,44801,44807,44809,44814,44840,44843,44915,44917,44923,44926,44932,44935,44941,44951,44957,44960,44967,44970,44972,45003],[10,43674,13,43676,18],{"id":43675},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43677,43678],{},"id()",[20,43680,22,43681,43683],{},[15,43682,43678],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43685,43686,43687,43689],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43688,43678],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43691,167,43692,43694,43695,43697,43698,445],{},[15,43693,43678],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[280,43696,4826],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43699,4884],{},[38,43701,43703],{"className":40,"code":43702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43704,43705,43717,43731,43735,43745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43706,43707,43709,43711,43713,43715],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43708,54],{"class":53},[47,43710,58],{"class":57},[47,43712,62],{"class":61},[47,43714,7492],{"class":65},[47,43716,69],{"class":61},[47,43718,43719,43721,43723,43725,43727,43729],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43720,95],{"class":94},[47,43722,99],{"class":98},[47,43724,12844],{"class":94},[47,43726,99],{"class":98},[47,43728,103],{"class":102},[47,43730,1796],{"class":98},[47,43732,43733],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,43734,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,43736,43737,43740,43742],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,43738,43739],{"class":53},"other ",[47,43741,58],{"class":57},[47,43743,43744],{"class":53}," name\n",[47,43746,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43748,95],{"class":94},[47,43750,99],{"class":98},[47,43752,12844],{"class":94},[47,43754,99],{"class":98},[47,43756,30941],{"class":102},[47,43758,1796],{"class":98},[20,43760,43761,43762,43765,43766,43768],{},"In this example, ",[15,43763,43764],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43767,43678],{}," values match.",[43770,43771,43772],"blockquote",{},[20,43773,167,43774,43776,43777,43779],{},[15,43775,43678],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43778,4884],{}," for value comparison.",[33,43781,174,43783,177],{"id":43782},"what-id-does",[15,43784,43678],{},[20,43786,43787,43790],{},[15,43788,43789],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43792,13247],{},[187,43794,43795,43798,43805,43808],{},[190,43796,43797],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[190,43799,43800,43801,43804],{},"It shows ",[280,43802,43803],{},"object identity",", not object value",[190,43806,43807],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[190,43809,43810],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43812,43813,43814,43818],{},"This is closely related to how ",[594,43815,43817],{"href":43816},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[33,43820,290],{"id":289},[20,43822,5629],{},[38,43824,43826],{"className":40,"code":43825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"id(object)\n",[15,43827,43828],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43829,43830,43832,43834,43836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43831,12844],{"class":94},[47,43833,99],{"class":98},[47,43835,42588],{"class":1788},[47,43837,106],{"class":98},[20,43839,43840],{},"Important details:",[187,43842,43843,43846,43849],{},[190,43844,43845],{},"It takes one argument",[190,43847,43848],{},"It returns an integer",[190,43850,43851],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43853,204],{},[38,43855,43857],{"className":40,"code":43856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43858,43859,43871,43879,43899,43903,43917,43931],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43860,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43862,34884],{"class":53},[47,43864,58],{"class":57},[47,43866,62],{"class":61},[47,43868,4038],{"class":65},[47,43870,69],{"class":61},[47,43872,43873,43875,43877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,43874,2417],{"class":53},[47,43876,58],{"class":57},[47,43878,2963],{"class":80},[47,43880,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,43882,7975],{"class":53},[47,43884,58],{"class":57},[47,43886,3815],{"class":98},[47,43888,1476],{"class":80},[47,43890,136],{"class":98},[47,43892,1562],{"class":80},[47,43894,136],{"class":98},[47,43896,249],{"class":80},[47,43898,3828],{"class":98},[47,43900,43901],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,43902,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,43904,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,43906,95],{"class":94},[47,43908,99],{"class":98},[47,43910,12844],{"class":94},[47,43912,99],{"class":98},[47,43914,192],{"class":102},[47,43916,1796],{"class":98},[47,43918,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,43920,95],{"class":94},[47,43922,99],{"class":98},[47,43924,12844],{"class":94},[47,43926,99],{"class":98},[47,43928,2438],{"class":102},[47,43930,1796],{"class":98},[47,43932,43933,43935,43937,43939,43941,43943],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,43934,95],{"class":94},[47,43936,99],{"class":98},[47,43938,12844],{"class":94},[47,43940,99],{"class":98},[47,43942,8006],{"class":102},[47,43944,1796],{"class":98},[20,43946,43947],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[33,43949,43951],{"id":43950},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43953,43954,43955,445],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43956,43678],{},[187,43958,43959,43966,43973],{},[190,43960,43961,43963,43964],{},[15,43962,4884],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[280,43965,2668],{},[190,43967,43968,43970,43971],{},[15,43969,12388],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[280,43972,42588],{},[190,43974,43975,43977],{},[15,43976,43678],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43979,204],{},[38,43981,43983],{"className":40,"code":43982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43984,43985,44005,44025,44029,44046,44063,44077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,43986,43987,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,43988,2750],{"class":53},[47,43990,58],{"class":57},[47,43992,3815],{"class":98},[47,43994,1476],{"class":80},[47,43996,136],{"class":98},[47,43998,1562],{"class":80},[47,44000,136],{"class":98},[47,44002,249],{"class":80},[47,44004,3828],{"class":98},[47,44006,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44008,2777],{"class":53},[47,44010,58],{"class":57},[47,44012,3815],{"class":98},[47,44014,1476],{"class":80},[47,44016,136],{"class":98},[47,44018,1562],{"class":80},[47,44020,136],{"class":98},[47,44022,249],{"class":80},[47,44024,3828],{"class":98},[47,44026,44027],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,44028,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,44030,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,44032,95],{"class":94},[47,44034,99],{"class":98},[47,44036,2750],{"class":102},[47,44038,4884],{"class":57},[47,44040,2755],{"class":102},[47,44042,3854],{"class":98},[47,44044,44045],{"class":3857},"   # True\n",[47,44047,44048,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058,44060],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44049,95],{"class":94},[47,44051,99],{"class":98},[47,44053,2750],{"class":102},[47,44055,12388],{"class":1461},[47,44057,2755],{"class":102},[47,44059,3854],{"class":98},[47,44061,44062],{"class":3857},"   # False\n",[47,44064,44065,44067,44069,44071,44073,44075],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,44066,95],{"class":94},[47,44068,99],{"class":98},[47,44070,12844],{"class":94},[47,44072,99],{"class":98},[47,44074,594],{"class":102},[47,44076,1796],{"class":98},[47,44078,44079,44081,44083,44085,44087,44089],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,44080,95],{"class":94},[47,44082,99],{"class":98},[47,44084,12844],{"class":94},[47,44086,99],{"class":98},[47,44088,4957],{"class":102},[47,44090,1796],{"class":98},[20,44092,2379],{},[187,44094,44095,44103,44111],{},[190,44096,44097,4980,44100,44102],{},[15,44098,44099],{},"a == b",[15,44101,3795],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[190,44104,44105,4980,44108,44110],{},[15,44106,44107],{},"a is b",[15,44109,3868],{}," because they are different list objects",[190,44112,44113,839,44116,44119],{},[15,44114,44115],{},"id(a)",[15,44117,44118],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44121,44122,44123,839,44127,445],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[594,44124,44126],{"href":44125},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[594,44128,44130],{"href":44129},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[33,44132,44134],{"id":44133},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44136,44137],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[38,44139,44141],{"className":40,"code":44140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44142,44143,44163,44173,44177,44191,44206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44144,44145,44147,44149,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159,44161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44146,3810],{"class":53},[47,44148,58],{"class":57},[47,44150,3815],{"class":98},[47,44152,582],{"class":80},[47,44154,136],{"class":98},[47,44156,7986],{"class":80},[47,44158,136],{"class":98},[47,44160,7991],{"class":80},[47,44162,3828],{"class":98},[47,44164,44165,44168,44170],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44166,44167],{"class":53},"other_numbers ",[47,44169,58],{"class":57},[47,44171,44172],{"class":53}," numbers\n",[47,44174,44175],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,44176,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,44178,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,44180,95],{"class":94},[47,44182,99],{"class":98},[47,44184,12844],{"class":94},[47,44186,99],{"class":98},[47,44188,195],{"class":102},[47,44190,1796],{"class":98},[47,44192,44193,44195,44197,44199,44201,44204],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44194,95],{"class":94},[47,44196,99],{"class":98},[47,44198,12844],{"class":94},[47,44200,99],{"class":98},[47,44202,44203],{"class":102},"other_numbers",[47,44205,1796],{"class":98},[47,44207,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44219],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,44209,95],{"class":94},[47,44211,99],{"class":98},[47,44213,3810],{"class":102},[47,44215,12388],{"class":1461},[47,44217,44218],{"class":102}," other_numbers",[47,44220,106],{"class":98},[20,44222,5754],{},[38,44224,44225],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,44226,44227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44228,44229],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44230,4172],{"class":1334},[20,44232,44233,44234,44236],{},"The two ",[15,44235,43678],{}," values will also match.",[20,44238,22386,44239,44242],{},[15,44240,44241],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[33,44244,44246],{"id":44245},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44248,44249],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[38,44251,44253],{"className":40,"code":44252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44254,44255,44276,44297,44301,44316,44330,44345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44256,44257,44260,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270,44272,44274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44258,44259],{"class":53},"list_a ",[47,44261,58],{"class":57},[47,44263,3815],{"class":98},[47,44265,1476],{"class":80},[47,44267,136],{"class":98},[47,44269,1562],{"class":80},[47,44271,136],{"class":98},[47,44273,249],{"class":80},[47,44275,3828],{"class":98},[47,44277,44278,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289,44291,44293,44295],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44279,44280],{"class":53},"list_b ",[47,44282,58],{"class":57},[47,44284,3815],{"class":98},[47,44286,1476],{"class":80},[47,44288,136],{"class":98},[47,44290,1562],{"class":80},[47,44292,136],{"class":98},[47,44294,249],{"class":80},[47,44296,3828],{"class":98},[47,44298,44299],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,44300,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,44302,44303,44305,44307,44309,44311,44314],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,44304,95],{"class":94},[47,44306,99],{"class":98},[47,44308,44259],{"class":102},[47,44310,4884],{"class":57},[47,44312,44313],{"class":102}," list_b",[47,44315,106],{"class":98},[47,44317,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44319,95],{"class":94},[47,44321,99],{"class":98},[47,44323,44259],{"class":102},[47,44325,12388],{"class":1461},[47,44327,44313],{"class":102},[47,44329,106],{"class":98},[47,44331,44332,44334,44336,44338,44340,44343],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,44333,95],{"class":94},[47,44335,99],{"class":98},[47,44337,12844],{"class":94},[47,44339,99],{"class":98},[47,44341,44342],{"class":102},"list_a",[47,44344,1796],{"class":98},[47,44346,44347,44349,44351,44353,44355,44358],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,44348,95],{"class":94},[47,44350,99],{"class":98},[47,44352,12844],{"class":94},[47,44354,99],{"class":98},[47,44356,44357],{"class":102},"list_b",[47,44359,1796],{"class":98},[20,44361,5754],{},[38,44363,44365],{"className":40,"code":44364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44366,44367,44371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44368,44369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44370,4172],{"class":1334},[47,44372,44373],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44374,4233],{"class":1334},[20,44376,44377],{},"What this means:",[187,44379,44380,44383,44386],{},[190,44381,44382],{},"The lists are equal in value",[190,44384,44385],{},"They are not the same object",[190,44387,44388,44389,44391],{},"Their ",[15,44390,43678],{}," values are usually different",[20,44393,44394,44395,44397,44398,445],{},"This is why ",[15,44396,43678],{}," should not replace ",[15,44399,4884],{},[33,44401,44403,44404,44406],{"id":44402},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44405,43678],{}," is useful",[20,44408,44409,44411],{},[15,44410,43678],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[187,44413,44414,44417,44420,44423],{},[190,44415,44416],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[190,44418,44419],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[190,44421,44422],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[190,44424,44425],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44427,44428,44429,44431],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44430,43678],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[38,44433,44435],{"className":40,"code":44434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44436,44437,44461,44470,44474,44493,44497,44507,44517,44531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44438,44439,44441,44443,44445,44447,44449,44451,44453,44455,44457,44459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44440,12280],{"class":53},[47,44442,58],{"class":57},[47,44444,3815],{"class":98},[47,44446,128],{"class":61},[47,44448,594],{"class":65},[47,44450,128],{"class":61},[47,44452,136],{"class":98},[47,44454,62],{"class":61},[47,44456,4957],{"class":65},[47,44458,128],{"class":61},[47,44460,3828],{"class":98},[47,44462,44463,44466,44468],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44464,44465],{"class":53},"copy_ref ",[47,44467,58],{"class":57},[47,44469,12318],{"class":53},[47,44471,44472],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,44473,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,44475,44476,44479,44481,44483,44485,44487,44489,44491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,44477,44478],{"class":53},"copy_ref",[47,44480,445],{"class":98},[47,44482,13747],{"class":102},[47,44484,99],{"class":98},[47,44486,128],{"class":61},[47,44488,9931],{"class":65},[47,44490,128],{"class":61},[47,44492,106],{"class":98},[47,44494,44495],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44496,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,44498,44499,44501,44503,44505],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,44500,95],{"class":94},[47,44502,99],{"class":98},[47,44504,12327],{"class":102},[47,44506,106],{"class":98},[47,44508,44509,44511,44513,44515],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,44510,95],{"class":94},[47,44512,99],{"class":98},[47,44514,44478],{"class":102},[47,44516,106],{"class":98},[47,44518,44519,44521,44523,44525,44527,44529],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,44520,95],{"class":94},[47,44522,99],{"class":98},[47,44524,12844],{"class":94},[47,44526,99],{"class":98},[47,44528,12327],{"class":102},[47,44530,1796],{"class":98},[47,44532,44533,44535,44537,44539,44541,44543],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,44534,95],{"class":94},[47,44536,99],{"class":98},[47,44538,12844],{"class":94},[47,44540,99],{"class":98},[47,44542,44478],{"class":102},[47,44544,1796],{"class":98},[20,44546,5754],{},[38,44548,44550],{"className":40,"code":44549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44551,44552,44580],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44553,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44555,4092],{"class":98},[47,44557,3493],{"class":61},[47,44559,594],{"class":65},[47,44561,3493],{"class":61},[47,44563,136],{"class":98},[47,44565,3488],{"class":61},[47,44567,4957],{"class":65},[47,44569,3493],{"class":61},[47,44571,136],{"class":98},[47,44573,3488],{"class":61},[47,44575,9931],{"class":65},[47,44577,3493],{"class":61},[47,44579,3828],{"class":98},[47,44581,44582,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592,44594,44596,44598,44600,44602,44604,44606],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44583,4092],{"class":98},[47,44585,3493],{"class":61},[47,44587,594],{"class":65},[47,44589,3493],{"class":61},[47,44591,136],{"class":98},[47,44593,3488],{"class":61},[47,44595,4957],{"class":65},[47,44597,3493],{"class":61},[47,44599,136],{"class":98},[47,44601,3488],{"class":61},[47,44603,9931],{"class":65},[47,44605,3493],{"class":61},[47,44607,3828],{"class":98},[20,44609,44610],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[33,44612,44614,44615],{"id":44613},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44616,43678],{},[20,44618,44619,44620,44622],{},"Do not use ",[15,44621,43678],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44624,44625],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[187,44627,44628,44634,44640,44643],{},[190,44629,44630,44631,44633],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44632,4884],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[190,44635,44636,44637,44639],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44638,43678],{}," values across program runs",[190,44641,44642],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[190,44644,44645,44646],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44647,43678],{},[20,44649,44650],{},"Bad example:",[38,44652,44654],{"className":40,"code":44653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44655,44656,44668,44680,44684,44706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44657,44658,44660,44662,44664,44666],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44659,2750],{"class":53},[47,44661,58],{"class":57},[47,44663,62],{"class":61},[47,44665,37239],{"class":65},[47,44667,69],{"class":61},[47,44669,44670,44672,44674,44676,44678],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44671,2777],{"class":53},[47,44673,58],{"class":57},[47,44675,62],{"class":61},[47,44677,37239],{"class":65},[47,44679,69],{"class":61},[47,44681,44682],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,44683,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,44685,44686,44688,44690,44692,44694,44696,44698,44700,44702,44704],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,44687,7192],{"class":1461},[47,44689,15010],{"class":94},[47,44691,99],{"class":98},[47,44693,594],{"class":102},[47,44695,3854],{"class":98},[47,44697,6601],{"class":57},[47,44699,15010],{"class":94},[47,44701,99],{"class":98},[47,44703,4957],{"class":102},[47,44705,1483],{"class":98},[47,44707,44708,44710,44712,44714,44717,44719],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44709,1499],{"class":94},[47,44711,99],{"class":98},[47,44713,128],{"class":61},[47,44715,44716],{"class":65},"The values are equal",[47,44718,128],{"class":61},[47,44720,106],{"class":98},[20,44722,44723],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[38,44725,44727],{"className":40,"code":44726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44728,44729,44742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44730,44731,44733,44736,44738,44740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44732,7192],{"class":1461},[47,44734,44735],{"class":53}," a ",[47,44737,4884],{"class":57},[47,44739,2755],{"class":53},[47,44741,6586],{"class":98},[47,44743,44744,44746,44748,44750,44752,44754],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44745,1499],{"class":94},[47,44747,99],{"class":98},[47,44749,128],{"class":61},[47,44751,44716],{"class":65},[47,44753,128],{"class":61},[47,44755,106],{"class":98},[20,44757,167,44758,3072,44760,44762],{},[15,44759,12388],{},[15,44761,43678],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[33,44764,20998],{"id":20997},[20,44766,44767],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[187,44769,44770,44773,44776,44781],{},[190,44771,44772],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[190,44774,44775],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[190,44777,44778,44779],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44780,43678],{},[190,44782,44783,44784],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44785,43678],{},[20,44787,44788],{},"The important rule is:",[187,44790,44791,44796],{},[190,44792,167,44793,44795],{},[15,44794,4884],{}," to check value",[190,44797,167,44798,44800],{},[15,44799,12388],{}," to check identity",[20,44802,44803,44804,44806],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44805,43678],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[33,44808,1595],{"id":1594},[20,44810,44811,44812,420],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44813,43678],{},[187,44815,44816,44824,44827,44830,44835],{},[190,44817,1654,44818,44820,44821,44823],{},[15,44819,43678],{}," when ",[15,44822,4884],{}," should be used",[190,44825,44826],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[190,44828,44829],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[190,44831,44832,44833],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44834,43678],{},[190,44836,1654,44837,44839],{},[15,44838,43678],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44841,44842],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[38,44844,44846],{"className":40,"code":44845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44847,44848,44863,44877,44891,44905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,44849,44850,44852,44854,44856,44858,44861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,44851,95],{"class":94},[47,44853,99],{"class":98},[47,44855,12844],{"class":94},[47,44857,99],{"class":98},[47,44859,44860],{"class":102},"my_object",[47,44862,1796],{"class":98},[47,44864,44865,44867,44869,44871,44873,44875],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,44866,95],{"class":94},[47,44868,99],{"class":98},[47,44870,2750],{"class":102},[47,44872,4884],{"class":57},[47,44874,2755],{"class":102},[47,44876,106],{"class":98},[47,44878,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887,44889],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,44880,95],{"class":94},[47,44882,99],{"class":98},[47,44884,2750],{"class":102},[47,44886,12388],{"class":1461},[47,44888,2755],{"class":102},[47,44890,106],{"class":98},[47,44892,44893,44895,44897,44899,44901,44903],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,44894,95],{"class":94},[47,44896,99],{"class":98},[47,44898,1922],{"class":1788},[47,44900,99],{"class":98},[47,44902,44860],{"class":102},[47,44904,1796],{"class":98},[47,44906,44907,44909,44911,44913],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,44908,1934],{"class":94},[47,44910,99],{"class":98},[47,44912,12844],{"class":94},[47,44914,106],{"class":98},[33,44916,1969],{"id":1968},[447,44918,44920,44921,12910],{"id":44919},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44922,43678],{},[20,44924,44925],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[447,44927,15097,44929,44931],{"id":44928},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44930,43678],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44933,44934],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[447,44936,21618,44938,44940],{"id":44937},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44939,43678],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44942,30469,44943,44945,44946,3072,44948,44950],{},[15,44944,4884],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44947,43678],{},[15,44949,12388],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[447,44952,44954,44955,2009],{"id":44953},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44956,43678],{},[20,44958,44959],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[447,44961,44963,44964,44966],{"id":44962},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44965,43678],{}," values?",[20,44968,44969],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[33,44971,2075],{"id":2074},[187,44973,44974,44979,44984,44989,44997],{},[190,44975,44976],{},[594,44977,44978],{"href":43816},"Python variables explained for beginners",[190,44980,44981],{},[594,44982,44983],{"href":44125},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[190,44985,44986],{},[594,44987,44988],{"href":44129},"Python data types overview",[190,44990,44991],{},[594,44992,13,44994,2088],{"href":44993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44995,44996],{},"isinstance()",[190,44998,44999],{},[594,45000,45002],{"href":45001},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2110,45004,45005],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":45007},[45008,45010,45011,45012,45013,45014,45016,45018,45019,45020,45032],{"id":43782,"depth":72,"text":45009},"What id() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":43950,"depth":72,"text":43951},{"id":44133,"depth":72,"text":44134},{"id":44245,"depth":72,"text":44246},{"id":44402,"depth":72,"text":45015},"When id() is useful",{"id":44613,"depth":72,"text":45017},"When not to use id()",{"id":20997,"depth":72,"text":20998},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":45021},[45022,45024,45026,45028,45030],{"id":44919,"depth":84,"text":45023},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44928,"depth":84,"text":45025},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44937,"depth":84,"text":45027},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44953,"depth":84,"text":45029},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44962,"depth":84,"text":45031},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43670,"description":45033},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45040,"title":42383,"body":45041,"description":46677,"extension":2167,"meta":46678,"navigation":87,"path":46679,"seo":46680,"stem":46681,"__hash__":46682},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45042,"toc":46643},[45043,45048,45053,45056,45058,45101,45106,45109,45114,45119,45122,45138,45140,45184,45186,45213,45215,45230,45232,45234,45236,45252,45254,45266,45269,45303,45306,45331,45336,45338,45343,45347,45350,45352,45400,45402,45435,45441,45452,45454,45506,45508,45539,45541,45545,45549,45592,45598,45604,45656,45664,45669,45673,45762,45764,45796,45799,45801,45861,45863,45889,45899,45901,45905,45910,45915,45917,45954,45956,45975,45978,45982,45985,46041,46053,46062,46064,46091,46099,46106,46110,46113,46150,46153,46159,46196,46198,46202,46208,46226,46231,46279,46283,46372,46375,46382,46384,46386,46391,46409,46411,46454,46460,46477,46479,46541,46543,46545,46551,46559,46565,46571,46580,46590,46594,46602,46604,46606,46640],[10,45044,13,45046,18],{"id":45045},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45047,1408],{},[20,45049,850,45050,45052],{},[15,45051,1408],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45054,45055],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[33,45057,36],{"id":35},[38,45059,45061],{"className":40,"code":45060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45062,45063,45082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45064,45065,45067,45069,45071,45073,45075,45078,45080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45066,54],{"class":53},[47,45068,58],{"class":57},[47,45070,8436],{"class":94},[47,45072,99],{"class":98},[47,45074,128],{"class":61},[47,45076,45077],{"class":65},"Enter your name: ",[47,45079,128],{"class":61},[47,45081,106],{"class":98},[47,45083,45084,45086,45088,45090,45093,45095,45097,45099],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45085,95],{"class":94},[47,45087,99],{"class":98},[47,45089,128],{"class":61},[47,45091,45092],{"class":65},"Hello, ",[47,45094,128],{"class":61},[47,45096,246],{"class":57},[47,45098,139],{"class":102},[47,45100,106],{"class":98},[20,45102,167,45103,45105],{},[15,45104,1408],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45107,45108],"hr",{},[33,45110,174,45112,177],{"id":45111},"what-input-does",[15,45113,1408],{},[20,45115,45116,45118],{},[15,45117,1408],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45120,45121],{},"Here is what happens:",[187,45123,45124,45129,45132,45135],{},[190,45125,45126,45128],{},[15,45127,1408],{}," waits for the user to type",[190,45130,45131],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[190,45133,45134],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[190,45136,45137],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45139,204],{},[38,45141,45143],{"className":40,"code":45142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45144,45145,45165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45146,45147,45150,45152,45154,45156,45158,45161,45163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45148,45149],{"class":53},"color ",[47,45151,58],{"class":57},[47,45153,8436],{"class":94},[47,45155,99],{"class":98},[47,45157,128],{"class":61},[47,45159,45160],{"class":65},"What is your favorite color? ",[47,45162,128],{"class":61},[47,45164,106],{"class":98},[47,45166,45167,45169,45171,45173,45176,45178,45180,45182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45168,95],{"class":94},[47,45170,99],{"class":98},[47,45172,128],{"class":61},[47,45174,45175],{"class":65},"Your favorite color is",[47,45177,128],{"class":61},[47,45179,136],{"class":98},[47,45181,36046],{"class":102},[47,45183,106],{"class":98},[20,45185,30228],{},[38,45187,45189],{"className":40,"code":45188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45190,45191,45204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45192,45193,45195,45197,45200,45202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45194,174],{"class":53},[47,45196,12388],{"class":57},[47,45198,45199],{"class":53}," your favorite color",[47,45201,2009],{"class":37559},[47,45203,1041],{"class":53},[47,45205,45206,45209,45211],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45207,45208],{"class":53},"Your favorite color ",[47,45210,12388],{"class":57},[47,45212,1041],{"class":53},[20,45214,20154],{},[187,45216,45217,45222,45227],{},[190,45218,45219,45220],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45221,45160],{},[190,45223,45224,45225],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45226,33088],{},[190,45228,45229],{},"That value is then printed",[45107,45231],{},[33,45233,290],{"id":289},[20,45235,7413],{},[38,45237,45239],{"className":40,"code":45238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45240,45241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45242,45243,45245,45247,45250],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45244,42652],{"class":94},[47,45246,99],{"class":98},[47,45248,45249],{"class":102},"prompt",[47,45251,106],{"class":98},[20,45253,11653],{},[187,45255,45256,45260,45263],{},[190,45257,850,45258,20236],{},[15,45259,45249],{},[190,45261,45262],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[190,45264,45265],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45267,45268],{},"Example with a prompt:",[38,45270,45272],{"className":40,"code":45271,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45273,45274,45293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45275,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45289,45291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45277,8156],{"class":53},[47,45279,58],{"class":57},[47,45281,8436],{"class":94},[47,45283,99],{"class":98},[47,45285,128],{"class":61},[47,45287,45288],{"class":65},"Enter your username: ",[47,45290,128],{"class":61},[47,45292,106],{"class":98},[47,45294,45295,45297,45299,45301],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45296,95],{"class":94},[47,45298,99],{"class":98},[47,45300,8180],{"class":102},[47,45302,106],{"class":98},[20,45304,45305],{},"Example without a prompt:",[38,45307,45309],{"className":40,"code":45308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45310,45311,45321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45312,45313,45315,45317,45319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45314,2644],{"class":53},[47,45316,58],{"class":57},[47,45318,8436],{"class":94},[47,45320,8836],{"class":98},[47,45322,45323,45325,45327,45329],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45324,95],{"class":94},[47,45326,99],{"class":98},[47,45328,2668],{"class":102},[47,45330,106],{"class":98},[20,45332,7958,45333,45335],{},[15,45334,1408],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45107,45337],{},[33,45339,174,45341,11901],{"id":45340},"what-input-returns",[15,45342,1408],{},[20,45344,45345,8419],{},[15,45346,1408],{},[20,45348,45349],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45351,204],{},[38,45353,45355],{"className":40,"code":45354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45356,45357,45376,45386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45358,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367,45369,45372,45374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45360,75],{"class":53},[47,45362,58],{"class":57},[47,45364,8436],{"class":94},[47,45366,99],{"class":98},[47,45368,128],{"class":61},[47,45370,45371],{"class":65},"Enter your age: ",[47,45373,128],{"class":61},[47,45375,106],{"class":98},[47,45377,45378,45380,45382,45384],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45379,95],{"class":94},[47,45381,99],{"class":98},[47,45383,116],{"class":102},[47,45385,106],{"class":98},[47,45387,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45389,95],{"class":94},[47,45391,99],{"class":98},[47,45393,1922],{"class":1788},[47,45395,99],{"class":98},[47,45397,116],{"class":102},[47,45399,1796],{"class":98},[20,45401,30228],{},[38,45403,45405],{"className":40,"code":45404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45406,45407,45417,45421],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45408,45409,45412,45414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45410,45411],{"class":53},"Enter your age",[47,45413,420],{"class":98},[47,45415,45416],{"class":80}," 25\n",[47,45418,45419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45420,2903],{"class":80},[47,45422,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431,45433],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45424,3482],{"class":57},[47,45426,3485],{"class":2266},[47,45428,3488],{"class":61},[47,45430,3636],{"class":65},[47,45432,3493],{"class":61},[47,45434,3496],{"class":57},[20,45436,45437,45438,45440],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45439,9385],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45442,45443,45444,3072,45448,445],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[594,45445,45446],{"href":3068},[15,45447,3071],{},[594,45449,45450],{"href":3075},[15,45451,3078],{},[20,45453,204],{},[38,45455,45457],{"className":40,"code":45456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45458,45459,45482,45492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45460,45461,45463,45465,45468,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478,45480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45462,75],{"class":53},[47,45464,58],{"class":57},[47,45466,45467],{"class":1788}," int",[47,45469,99],{"class":98},[47,45471,42652],{"class":94},[47,45473,99],{"class":98},[47,45475,128],{"class":61},[47,45477,45371],{"class":65},[47,45479,128],{"class":61},[47,45481,1796],{"class":98},[47,45483,45484,45486,45488,45490],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45485,95],{"class":94},[47,45487,99],{"class":98},[47,45489,116],{"class":102},[47,45491,106],{"class":98},[47,45493,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45495,95],{"class":94},[47,45497,99],{"class":98},[47,45499,1922],{"class":1788},[47,45501,99],{"class":98},[47,45503,116],{"class":102},[47,45505,1796],{"class":98},[20,45507,30228],{},[38,45509,45511],{"className":40,"code":45510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45512,45513,45521,45525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45514,45515,45517,45519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45516,45411],{"class":53},[47,45518,420],{"class":98},[47,45520,45416],{"class":80},[47,45522,45523],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45524,2903],{"class":80},[47,45526,45527,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45528,3482],{"class":57},[47,45530,3485],{"class":2266},[47,45532,3488],{"class":61},[47,45534,2389],{"class":65},[47,45536,3493],{"class":61},[47,45538,3496],{"class":57},[45107,45540],{},[33,45542,45544],{"id":45543},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[447,45546,45548],{"id":45547},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[38,45550,45552],{"className":40,"code":45551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45553,45554,45573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45555,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564,45566,45569,45571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45557,54],{"class":53},[47,45559,58],{"class":57},[47,45561,8436],{"class":94},[47,45563,99],{"class":98},[47,45565,128],{"class":61},[47,45567,45568],{"class":65},"What is your name? ",[47,45570,128],{"class":61},[47,45572,106],{"class":98},[47,45574,45575,45577,45579,45581,45584,45586,45588,45590],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45576,95],{"class":94},[47,45578,99],{"class":98},[47,45580,128],{"class":61},[47,45582,45583],{"class":65},"Hello,",[47,45585,128],{"class":61},[47,45587,136],{"class":98},[47,45589,139],{"class":102},[47,45591,106],{"class":98},[20,45593,45594,45595,45597],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45596,103],{}," and prints it.",[447,45599,45601,45602],{"id":45600},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45603,3071],{},[38,45605,45607],{"className":40,"code":45606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45608,45609,45632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45610,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621,45623,45625,45628,45630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45612,75],{"class":53},[47,45614,58],{"class":57},[47,45616,45467],{"class":1788},[47,45618,99],{"class":98},[47,45620,42652],{"class":94},[47,45622,99],{"class":98},[47,45624,128],{"class":61},[47,45626,45627],{"class":65},"How old are you? ",[47,45629,128],{"class":61},[47,45631,1796],{"class":98},[47,45633,45634,45636,45638,45640,45643,45645,45647,45650,45652,45654],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45635,95],{"class":94},[47,45637,99],{"class":98},[47,45639,128],{"class":61},[47,45641,45642],{"class":65},"Next year you will be",[47,45644,128],{"class":61},[47,45646,136],{"class":98},[47,45648,45649],{"class":102}," age ",[47,45651,710],{"class":57},[47,45653,1545],{"class":80},[47,45655,106],{"class":98},[20,45657,6254,45658,45660,45661,45663],{},[15,45659,3071],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45662,1408],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45665,45666,45667,445],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[594,45668,9174],{"href":9173},[447,45670,45672],{"id":45671},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[38,45674,45676],{"className":40,"code":45675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45677,45678,45702,45726,45740,45744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45679,45680,45683,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45695,45698,45700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45681,45682],{"class":53},"num1 ",[47,45684,58],{"class":57},[47,45686,45467],{"class":1788},[47,45688,99],{"class":98},[47,45690,42652],{"class":94},[47,45692,99],{"class":98},[47,45694,128],{"class":61},[47,45696,45697],{"class":65},"Enter the first number: ",[47,45699,128],{"class":61},[47,45701,1796],{"class":98},[47,45703,45704,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715,45717,45719,45722,45724],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45705,45706],{"class":53},"num2 ",[47,45708,58],{"class":57},[47,45710,45467],{"class":1788},[47,45712,99],{"class":98},[47,45714,42652],{"class":94},[47,45716,99],{"class":98},[47,45718,128],{"class":61},[47,45720,45721],{"class":65},"Enter the second number: ",[47,45723,128],{"class":61},[47,45725,1796],{"class":98},[47,45727,45728,45730,45732,45735,45737],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45729,1447],{"class":53},[47,45731,58],{"class":57},[47,45733,45734],{"class":53}," num1 ",[47,45736,710],{"class":57},[47,45738,45739],{"class":53}," num2\n",[47,45741,45742],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,45743,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,45745,45746,45748,45750,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,45747,95],{"class":94},[47,45749,99],{"class":98},[47,45751,128],{"class":61},[47,45753,386],{"class":65},[47,45755,128],{"class":61},[47,45757,136],{"class":98},[47,45759,1526],{"class":102},[47,45761,106],{"class":98},[20,45763,30228],{},[38,45765,45767],{"className":40,"code":45766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45768,45769,45779,45788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45770,45771,45774,45776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45772,45773],{"class":53},"Enter the first number",[47,45775,420],{"class":98},[47,45777,45778],{"class":80}," 2\n",[47,45780,45781,45784,45786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45782,45783],{"class":53},"Enter the second number",[47,45785,420],{"class":98},[47,45787,1569],{"class":80},[47,45789,45790,45792,45794],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45791,428],{"class":53},[47,45793,420],{"class":98},[47,45795,35038],{"class":80},[20,45797,45798],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45800,204],{},[38,45802,45804],{"className":40,"code":45803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45805,45806,45824,45842,45846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45807,45808,45810,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820,45822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45809,45682],{"class":53},[47,45811,58],{"class":57},[47,45813,8436],{"class":94},[47,45815,99],{"class":98},[47,45817,128],{"class":61},[47,45819,45697],{"class":65},[47,45821,128],{"class":61},[47,45823,106],{"class":98},[47,45825,45826,45828,45830,45832,45834,45836,45838,45840],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45827,45706],{"class":53},[47,45829,58],{"class":57},[47,45831,8436],{"class":94},[47,45833,99],{"class":98},[47,45835,128],{"class":61},[47,45837,45721],{"class":65},[47,45839,128],{"class":61},[47,45841,106],{"class":98},[47,45843,45844],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45845,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,45847,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856,45859],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,45849,95],{"class":94},[47,45851,99],{"class":98},[47,45853,45682],{"class":102},[47,45855,710],{"class":57},[47,45857,45858],{"class":102}," num2",[47,45860,106],{"class":98},[20,45862,30228],{},[38,45864,45866],{"className":40,"code":45865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45867,45868,45876,45884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45869,45870,45872,45874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45871,45773],{"class":53},[47,45873,420],{"class":98},[47,45875,45778],{"class":80},[47,45877,45878,45880,45882],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45879,45783],{"class":53},[47,45881,420],{"class":98},[47,45883,1569],{"class":80},[47,45885,45886],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,45887,45888],{"class":80},"23\n",[20,45890,45891,45892,45895,45896,445],{},"That happens because ",[15,45893,45894],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45897,45898],{},"\"23\"",[45107,45900],{},[33,45902,45904],{"id":45903},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45906,45907,45908,445],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45909,1408],{},[447,45911,4900,45913,41732],{"id":45912},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45914,1408],{},[20,45916,39390],{},[38,45918,45920],{"className":40,"code":45919,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45921,45922,45940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45923,45924,45926,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936,45938],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45925,2644],{"class":53},[47,45927,58],{"class":57},[47,45929,8436],{"class":94},[47,45931,99],{"class":98},[47,45933,128],{"class":61},[47,45935,42061],{"class":65},[47,45937,128],{"class":61},[47,45939,106],{"class":98},[47,45941,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950,45952],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,45943,95],{"class":94},[47,45945,99],{"class":98},[47,45947,1922],{"class":1788},[47,45949,99],{"class":98},[47,45951,2668],{"class":102},[47,45953,1796],{"class":98},[20,45955,144],{},[38,45957,45959],{"className":40,"code":45958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45960,45961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45962,45963,45965,45967,45969,45971,45973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45964,3482],{"class":57},[47,45966,3485],{"class":2266},[47,45968,3488],{"class":61},[47,45970,3636],{"class":65},[47,45972,3493],{"class":61},[47,45974,3496],{"class":57},[20,45976,45977],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[447,45979,45981],{"id":45980},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45983,45984],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[38,45986,45988],{"className":40,"code":45987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45989,45990,46008,46027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,45991,45992,45994,45996,45998,46000,46002,46004,46006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,45993,2750],{"class":53},[47,45995,58],{"class":57},[47,45997,8436],{"class":94},[47,45999,99],{"class":98},[47,46001,128],{"class":61},[47,46003,42061],{"class":65},[47,46005,128],{"class":61},[47,46007,106],{"class":98},[47,46009,46010,46012,46014,46016,46018,46020,46023,46025],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46011,2777],{"class":53},[47,46013,58],{"class":57},[47,46015,8436],{"class":94},[47,46017,99],{"class":98},[47,46019,128],{"class":61},[47,46021,46022],{"class":65},"Enter another number: ",[47,46024,128],{"class":61},[47,46026,106],{"class":98},[47,46028,46029,46031,46033,46035,46037,46039],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46030,95],{"class":94},[47,46032,99],{"class":98},[47,46034,2750],{"class":102},[47,46036,710],{"class":57},[47,46038,2755],{"class":102},[47,46040,106],{"class":98},[20,46042,41311,46043,839,46045,46047,46048,19160,46051,445],{},[15,46044,2700],{},[15,46046,232],{},", the result is ",[15,46049,46050],{},"45",[15,46052,2345],{},[447,46054,46056,46057,46059,46060],{"id":46055},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46058,40894],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46061,3071],{},[20,46063,204],{},[38,46065,46067],{"className":40,"code":46066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46068,46069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46070,46071,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081,46083,46085,46087,46089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46072,75],{"class":53},[47,46074,58],{"class":57},[47,46076,45467],{"class":1788},[47,46078,99],{"class":98},[47,46080,42652],{"class":94},[47,46082,99],{"class":98},[47,46084,128],{"class":61},[47,46086,45371],{"class":65},[47,46088,128],{"class":61},[47,46090,1796],{"class":98},[20,46092,8465,46093,46096,46097,445],{},[15,46094,46095],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46098,40894],{},[20,46100,46101,46102,445],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[594,46103,46105],{"href":46104},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[447,46107,46109],{"id":46108},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46111,46112],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[38,46114,46116],{"className":40,"code":46115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46117,46118,46136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46119,46120,46122,46124,46126,46128,46130,46132,46134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46121,54],{"class":53},[47,46123,58],{"class":57},[47,46125,8436],{"class":94},[47,46127,99],{"class":98},[47,46129,128],{"class":61},[47,46131,45077],{"class":65},[47,46133,128],{"class":61},[47,46135,106],{"class":98},[47,46137,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146,46148],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46139,95],{"class":94},[47,46141,99],{"class":98},[47,46143,41969],{"class":94},[47,46145,99],{"class":98},[47,46147,103],{"class":102},[47,46149,1796],{"class":98},[20,46151,46152],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46154,46155,46156,420],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46157,46158],{},".strip()",[38,46160,46162],{"className":40,"code":46161,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46163,46164,46186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46165,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182,46184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46167,54],{"class":53},[47,46169,58],{"class":57},[47,46171,8436],{"class":94},[47,46173,99],{"class":98},[47,46175,128],{"class":61},[47,46177,45077],{"class":65},[47,46179,128],{"class":61},[47,46181,8824],{"class":98},[47,46183,8827],{"class":102},[47,46185,8836],{"class":98},[47,46187,46188,46190,46192,46194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46189,95],{"class":94},[47,46191,99],{"class":98},[47,46193,103],{"class":102},[47,46195,106],{"class":98},[45107,46197],{},[33,46199,46201],{"id":46200},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46203,46204,46205,46207],{},"These habits make ",[15,46206,1408],{}," easier and safer to use.",[187,46209,46210,46213,46218,46221],{},[190,46211,46212],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[190,46214,167,46215,46217],{},[15,46216,46158],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[190,46219,46220],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[190,46222,167,46223,46225],{},[15,46224,29980],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46227,46228,46229,420],{},"Example with ",[15,46230,46158],{},[38,46232,46234],{"className":40,"code":46233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46235,46236,46260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46237,46238,46241,46243,46245,46247,46249,46252,46254,46256,46258],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46239,46240],{"class":53},"city ",[47,46242,58],{"class":57},[47,46244,8436],{"class":94},[47,46246,99],{"class":98},[47,46248,128],{"class":61},[47,46250,46251],{"class":65},"Enter your city: ",[47,46253,128],{"class":61},[47,46255,8824],{"class":98},[47,46257,8827],{"class":102},[47,46259,8836],{"class":98},[47,46261,46262,46264,46266,46268,46271,46273,46275,46277],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46263,95],{"class":94},[47,46265,99],{"class":98},[47,46267,128],{"class":61},[47,46269,46270],{"class":65},"City:",[47,46272,128],{"class":61},[47,46274,136],{"class":98},[47,46276,31583],{"class":102},[47,46278,106],{"class":98},[20,46280,46228,46281,420],{},[15,46282,29980],{},[38,46284,46286],{"className":40,"code":46285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46287,46288,46294,46317,46349,46357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46289,46290,46292],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46291,30002],{"class":1461},[47,46293,6586],{"class":98},[47,46295,46296,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309,46311,46313,46315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46297,46298],{"class":53},"    age ",[47,46300,58],{"class":57},[47,46302,45467],{"class":1788},[47,46304,99],{"class":98},[47,46306,42652],{"class":94},[47,46308,99],{"class":98},[47,46310,128],{"class":61},[47,46312,45371],{"class":65},[47,46314,128],{"class":61},[47,46316,1796],{"class":98},[47,46318,46319,46321,46323,46325,46328,46330,46332,46334,46336,46338,46340,46342,46345,46347],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46320,1499],{"class":94},[47,46322,99],{"class":98},[47,46324,128],{"class":61},[47,46326,46327],{"class":65},"You will be",[47,46329,128],{"class":61},[47,46331,136],{"class":98},[47,46333,45649],{"class":102},[47,46335,710],{"class":57},[47,46337,1545],{"class":80},[47,46339,136],{"class":98},[47,46341,62],{"class":61},[47,46343,46344],{"class":65},"next year",[47,46346,128],{"class":61},[47,46348,106],{"class":98},[47,46350,46351,46353,46355],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,46352,30033],{"class":1461},[47,46354,42116],{"class":1788},[47,46356,6586],{"class":98},[47,46358,46359,46361,46363,46365,46368,46370],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,46360,1499],{"class":94},[47,46362,99],{"class":98},[47,46364,128],{"class":61},[47,46366,46367],{"class":65},"Please enter a whole number.",[47,46369,128],{"class":61},[47,46371,106],{"class":98},[20,46373,46374],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46376,46377,46378,445],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[594,46379,46381],{"href":46380},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45107,46383],{},[33,46385,1595],{"id":1594},[20,46387,46388,46389,420],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46390,1408],{},[187,46392,46393,46400,46403,46406],{},[190,46394,46395,46396,3072,46398],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46397,3071],{},[15,46399,3078],{},[190,46401,46402],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[190,46404,46405],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[190,46407,46408],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46410,32281],{},[38,46412,46414],{"className":40,"code":46413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46415,46416,46426,46440],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46417,46418,46420,46422,46424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46419,95],{"class":94},[47,46421,99],{"class":98},[47,46423,2668],{"class":102},[47,46425,106],{"class":98},[47,46427,46428,46430,46432,46434,46436,46438],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46429,95],{"class":94},[47,46431,99],{"class":98},[47,46433,1922],{"class":1788},[47,46435,99],{"class":98},[47,46437,2668],{"class":102},[47,46439,1796],{"class":98},[47,46441,46442,46444,46446,46448,46450,46452],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46443,95],{"class":94},[47,46445,99],{"class":98},[47,46447,41969],{"class":94},[47,46449,99],{"class":98},[47,46451,2668],{"class":102},[47,46453,1796],{"class":98},[20,46455,46456,46457,46459],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46458,1408],{}," actually returned:",[187,46461,46462,46467,46472],{},[190,46463,46464,46466],{},[15,46465,42017],{}," shows the value",[190,46468,46469,46471],{},[15,46470,42023],{}," shows the data type",[190,46473,46474,46476],{},[15,46475,42028],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46478,204],{},[38,46480,46482],{"className":40,"code":46481,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46483,46484,46503,46513,46527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46485,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494,46496,46499,46501],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46487,2644],{"class":53},[47,46489,58],{"class":57},[47,46491,8436],{"class":94},[47,46493,99],{"class":98},[47,46495,128],{"class":61},[47,46497,46498],{"class":65},"Enter something: ",[47,46500,128],{"class":61},[47,46502,106],{"class":98},[47,46504,46505,46507,46509,46511],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46506,95],{"class":94},[47,46508,99],{"class":98},[47,46510,2668],{"class":102},[47,46512,106],{"class":98},[47,46514,46515,46517,46519,46521,46523,46525],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46516,95],{"class":94},[47,46518,99],{"class":98},[47,46520,1922],{"class":1788},[47,46522,99],{"class":98},[47,46524,2668],{"class":102},[47,46526,1796],{"class":98},[47,46528,46529,46531,46533,46535,46537,46539],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,46530,95],{"class":94},[47,46532,99],{"class":98},[47,46534,41969],{"class":94},[47,46536,99],{"class":98},[47,46538,2668],{"class":102},[47,46540,1796],{"class":98},[45107,46542],{},[33,46544,1969],{"id":1968},[447,46546,1973,46548,46550],{"id":46547},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46549,1408],{}," return an integer?",[20,46552,46553,46554,46556,46557,2051],{},"No. ",[15,46555,1408],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46558,3071],{},[447,46560,46562,46563,2009],{"id":46561},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46564,1408],{},[20,46566,46567,46568,46570],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46569,1408],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[447,46572,2002,46574,46577,46578,2009],{"id":46573},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46575,46576],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46579,1408],{},[20,46581,2012,46582,46584,46585,42345,46587,46589],{},[15,46583,1408],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46586,45894],{},[15,46588,45898],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[447,46591,46593],{"id":46592},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46595,167,46596,46598,46599,445],{},[15,46597,46158],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46600,46601],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45107,46603],{},[33,46605,2075],{"id":2074},[187,46607,46608,46613,46617,46623,46629,46633],{},[190,46609,46610],{},[594,46611,46612],{"href":46380},"How to get user input in Python",[190,46614,46615],{},[594,46616,9251],{"href":9173},[190,46618,46619],{},[594,46620,13,46621,2088],{"href":3068},[15,46622,3071],{},[190,46624,46625],{},[594,46626,13,46627,2088],{"href":3075},[15,46628,3078],{},[190,46630,46631],{},[594,46632,46105],{"href":46104},[190,46634,46635],{},[594,46636,13,46638,2088],{"href":46637},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46639,17],{},[2110,46641,46642],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":46644},[46645,46646,46648,46649,46651,46657,46665,46666,46667,46676],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":45111,"depth":72,"text":46647},"What input() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":45340,"depth":72,"text":46650},"What input() returns",{"id":45543,"depth":72,"text":45544,"children":46652},[46653,46654,46656],{"id":45547,"depth":84,"text":45548},{"id":45600,"depth":84,"text":46655},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45671,"depth":84,"text":45672},{"id":45903,"depth":72,"text":45904,"children":46658},[46659,46661,46662,46664],{"id":45912,"depth":84,"text":46660},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45980,"depth":84,"text":45981},{"id":46055,"depth":84,"text":46663},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46108,"depth":84,"text":46109},{"id":46200,"depth":72,"text":46201},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":46668},[46669,46671,46673,46675],{"id":46547,"depth":84,"text":46670},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46561,"depth":84,"text":46672},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46573,"depth":84,"text":46674},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46592,"depth":84,"text":46593},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42383,"description":46677},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46684,"title":42286,"body":46685,"description":48997,"extension":2167,"meta":48998,"navigation":87,"path":48999,"seo":49000,"stem":49001,"__hash__":49002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46686,"toc":48949},[46687,46692,46697,46702,46723,46726,46728,46788,46790,46809,46814,46819,46824,46826,46839,46841,46924,46926,46967,46973,46975,47005,47011,47014,47031,47033,47085,47087,47105,47111,47117,47120,47138,47140,47213,47215,47234,47241,47247,47252,47255,47315,47317,47336,47339,47342,47357,47363,47367,47428,47430,47451,47455,47584,47586,47716,47726,47732,47738,47746,47812,47814,47839,47842,47859,47871,47877,47880,47913,47915,47928,47931,47974,47976,47984,47991,47995,48002,48006,48033,48035,48043,48049,48066,48071,48075,48102,48104,48112,48116,48121,48124,48150,48153,48162,48170,48174,48184,48188,48191,48193,48244,48246,48276,48286,48313,48315,48323,48333,48337,48340,48342,48390,48392,48436,48442,48493,48495,48514,48519,48524,48527,48546,48549,48601,48603,48612,48614,48618,48622,48625,48634,48641,48643,48670,48674,48676,48685,48688,48695,48701,48761,48765,48767,48775,48778,48804,48810,48813,48833,48835,48844,48852,48854,48860,48865,48872,48882,48888,48896,48900,48903,48905,48946],[10,46688,13,46690,18],{"id":46689},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46691,3071],{},[20,46693,22,46694,46696],{},[15,46695,3071],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46698,35600,46699,46701],{},[15,46700,3071],{}," when they want to:",[187,46703,46704,46714,46717,46720],{},[190,46705,46706,46707,46710,46711],{},"turn text like ",[15,46708,46709],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46712,46713],{},"42",[190,46715,46716],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[190,46718,46719],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[190,46721,46722],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46724,46725],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[33,46727,36],{"id":35},[38,46729,46731],{"className":40,"code":46730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46732,46733,46751,46765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46734,46735,46737,46739,46741,46743,46745,46747,46749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46736,95],{"class":94},[47,46738,99],{"class":98},[47,46740,2389],{"class":1788},[47,46742,99],{"class":98},[47,46744,128],{"class":61},[47,46746,46713],{"class":65},[47,46748,128],{"class":61},[47,46750,1796],{"class":98},[47,46752,46753,46755,46757,46759,46761,46763],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46754,95],{"class":94},[47,46756,99],{"class":98},[47,46758,2389],{"class":1788},[47,46760,99],{"class":98},[47,46762,42174],{"class":80},[47,46764,1796],{"class":98},[47,46766,46767,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777,46780,46782,46784,46786],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46768,95],{"class":94},[47,46770,99],{"class":98},[47,46772,2389],{"class":1788},[47,46774,99],{"class":98},[47,46776,128],{"class":61},[47,46778,46779],{"class":65},"101",[47,46781,128],{"class":61},[47,46783,136],{"class":98},[47,46785,1562],{"class":80},[47,46787,1796],{"class":98},[20,46789,144],{},[38,46791,46793],{"className":40,"code":46792,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46794,46795,46800,46805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46796,46797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46798,46799],{"class":80},"42\n",[47,46801,46802],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46803,46804],{"class":80},"3\n",[47,46806,46807],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46808,268],{"class":80},[20,46810,167,46811,46813],{},[15,46812,3071],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[33,46815,174,46817,177],{"id":46816},"what-int-does",[15,46818,3071],{},[20,46820,46821,46823],{},[15,46822,3071],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46825,13247],{},[187,46827,46828,46833,46836],{},[190,46829,46830,46831,7535],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46832,2389],{},[190,46834,46835],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[190,46837,46838],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46840,204],{},[38,46842,46844],{"className":40,"code":46843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46845,46846,46858,46872,46876,46886,46896,46910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46847,46848,46850,46852,46854,46856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46849,34884],{"class":53},[47,46851,58],{"class":57},[47,46853,62],{"class":61},[47,46855,9385],{"class":65},[47,46857,69],{"class":61},[47,46859,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46861,2417],{"class":53},[47,46863,58],{"class":57},[47,46865,45467],{"class":1788},[47,46867,99],{"class":98},[47,46869,192],{"class":102},[47,46871,106],{"class":98},[47,46873,46874],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46875,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,46877,46878,46880,46882,46884],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,46879,95],{"class":94},[47,46881,99],{"class":98},[47,46883,192],{"class":102},[47,46885,106],{"class":98},[47,46887,46888,46890,46892,46894],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,46889,95],{"class":94},[47,46891,99],{"class":98},[47,46893,2438],{"class":102},[47,46895,106],{"class":98},[47,46897,46898,46900,46902,46904,46906,46908],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,46899,95],{"class":94},[47,46901,99],{"class":98},[47,46903,1922],{"class":1788},[47,46905,99],{"class":98},[47,46907,192],{"class":102},[47,46909,1796],{"class":98},[47,46911,46912,46914,46916,46918,46920,46922],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,46913,95],{"class":94},[47,46915,99],{"class":98},[47,46917,1922],{"class":1788},[47,46919,99],{"class":98},[47,46921,2438],{"class":102},[47,46923,1796],{"class":98},[20,46925,144],{},[38,46927,46929],{"className":40,"code":46928,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46930,46931,46935,46939,46953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46932,46933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46934,2903],{"class":80},[47,46936,46937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46938,2903],{"class":80},[47,46940,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,46942,3482],{"class":57},[47,46944,3485],{"class":2266},[47,46946,3488],{"class":61},[47,46948,3636],{"class":65},[47,46950,3493],{"class":61},[47,46952,3496],{"class":57},[47,46954,46955,46957,46959,46961,46963,46965],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,46956,3482],{"class":57},[47,46958,3485],{"class":2266},[47,46960,3488],{"class":61},[47,46962,2389],{"class":65},[47,46964,3493],{"class":61},[47,46966,3496],{"class":57},[20,46968,46969,46970,46972],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46971,3071],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[33,46974,290],{"id":289},[38,46976,46978],{"className":40,"code":46977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46979,46980,46990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,46981,46982,46984,46986,46988],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,46983,2389],{"class":1788},[47,46985,99],{"class":98},[47,46987,2374],{"class":102},[47,46989,106],{"class":98},[47,46991,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000,47003],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,46993,2389],{"class":1788},[47,46995,99],{"class":98},[47,46997,2374],{"class":102},[47,46999,136],{"class":98},[47,47001,47002],{"class":102}," base",[47,47004,106],{"class":98},[447,47006,47008],{"id":47007},"intx",[15,47009,47010],{},"int(x)",[20,47012,47013],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[187,47015,47016,47021,47026],{},[190,47017,47018,47019],{},"a string such as ",[15,47020,42316],{},[190,47022,47023,47024],{},"a float such as ",[15,47025,42174],{},[190,47027,47028,47029],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47030,3795],{},[20,47032,204],{},[38,47034,47036],{"className":40,"code":47035,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47037,47038,47056,47071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47039,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47041,95],{"class":94},[47,47043,99],{"class":98},[47,47045,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47047,99],{"class":98},[47,47049,128],{"class":61},[47,47051,582],{"class":65},[47,47053,128],{"class":61},[47,47055,1796],{"class":98},[47,47057,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47069],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47059,95],{"class":94},[47,47061,99],{"class":98},[47,47063,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47065,99],{"class":98},[47,47067,47068],{"class":80},"8.7",[47,47070,1796],{"class":98},[47,47072,47073,47075,47077,47079,47081,47083],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47074,95],{"class":94},[47,47076,99],{"class":98},[47,47078,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47080,99],{"class":98},[47,47082,3795],{"class":1334},[47,47084,1796],{"class":98},[20,47086,144],{},[38,47088,47090],{"className":40,"code":47089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47091,47092,47096,47100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47093,47094],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47095,2574],{"class":80},[47,47097,47098],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47099,2579],{"class":80},[47,47101,47102],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47103,47104],{"class":80},"1\n",[447,47106,47108],{"id":47107},"intx-base",[15,47109,47110],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47112,47113,47114,47116],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47115,2374],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47118,47119],{},"Common bases:",[187,47121,47122,47127,47132],{},[190,47123,47124,47126],{},[15,47125,243],{}," for binary",[190,47128,47129,47131],{},[15,47130,2543],{}," for octal",[190,47133,47134,47137],{},[15,47135,47136],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47139,204],{},[38,47141,47143],{"className":40,"code":47142,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47144,47145,47167,47190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47146,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163,47165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47148,95],{"class":94},[47,47150,99],{"class":98},[47,47152,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47154,99],{"class":98},[47,47156,128],{"class":61},[47,47158,46779],{"class":65},[47,47160,128],{"class":61},[47,47162,136],{"class":98},[47,47164,1562],{"class":80},[47,47166,1796],{"class":98},[47,47168,47169,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179,47182,47184,47186,47188],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47170,95],{"class":94},[47,47172,99],{"class":98},[47,47174,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47176,99],{"class":98},[47,47178,128],{"class":61},[47,47180,47181],{"class":65},"17",[47,47183,128],{"class":61},[47,47185,136],{"class":98},[47,47187,6553],{"class":80},[47,47189,1796],{"class":98},[47,47191,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202,47205,47207,47209,47211],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47193,95],{"class":94},[47,47195,99],{"class":98},[47,47197,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47199,99],{"class":98},[47,47201,128],{"class":61},[47,47203,47204],{"class":65},"1A",[47,47206,128],{"class":61},[47,47208,136],{"class":98},[47,47210,14182],{"class":80},[47,47212,1796],{"class":98},[20,47214,144],{},[38,47216,47218],{"className":40,"code":47217,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47219,47220,47224,47229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47221,47222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47223,268],{"class":80},[47,47225,47226],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47227,47228],{"class":80},"15\n",[47,47230,47231],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47232,47233],{"class":80},"26\n",[20,47235,47236,47237,445],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[594,47238,47239,2501],{"href":3075},[15,47240,3078],{},[33,47242,1654,47244,47246],{"id":47243},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47245,3071],{}," with strings",[20,47248,47249,47251],{},[15,47250,3071],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47253,47254],{},"Examples that work:",[38,47256,47258],{"className":40,"code":47257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47259,47260,47278,47296],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47261,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47263,95],{"class":94},[47,47265,99],{"class":98},[47,47267,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47269,99],{"class":98},[47,47271,128],{"class":61},[47,47273,232],{"class":65},[47,47275,128],{"class":61},[47,47277,1796],{"class":98},[47,47279,47280,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292,47294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47281,95],{"class":94},[47,47283,99],{"class":98},[47,47285,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47287,99],{"class":98},[47,47289,128],{"class":61},[47,47291,2490],{"class":65},[47,47293,128],{"class":61},[47,47295,1796],{"class":98},[47,47297,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308,47311,47313],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47299,95],{"class":94},[47,47301,99],{"class":98},[47,47303,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47305,99],{"class":98},[47,47307,128],{"class":61},[47,47309,47310],{"class":65},"  42  ",[47,47312,128],{"class":61},[47,47314,1796],{"class":98},[20,47316,144],{},[38,47318,47320],{"className":40,"code":47319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47321,47322,47326,47332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47323,47324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47325,268],{"class":80},[47,47327,47328,47330],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47329,1033],{"class":57},[47,47331,159],{"class":80},[47,47333,47334],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47335,46799],{"class":80},[20,47337,47338],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47340,47341],{},"Examples that fail:",[38,47343,47345],{"className":40,"code":47344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47346,47347,47352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47348,47349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47350,47351],{"class":3857},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[47,47353,47354],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47355,47356],{"class":3857},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47358,47359,47360,47362],{},"These raise ",[15,47361,40894],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[447,47364,47366],{"id":47365},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[38,47368,47370],{"className":40,"code":47369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47371,47372,47390,47409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47373,47374,47376,47378,47380,47382,47384,47386,47388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47375,95],{"class":94},[47,47377,99],{"class":98},[47,47379,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47381,99],{"class":98},[47,47383,128],{"class":61},[47,47385,2321],{"class":65},[47,47387,128],{"class":61},[47,47389,1796],{"class":98},[47,47391,47392,47394,47396,47398,47400,47402,47405,47407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47393,95],{"class":94},[47,47395,99],{"class":98},[47,47397,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47399,99],{"class":98},[47,47401,128],{"class":61},[47,47403,47404],{"class":65},"+7",[47,47406,128],{"class":61},[47,47408,1796],{"class":98},[47,47410,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421,47424,47426],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47412,95],{"class":94},[47,47414,99],{"class":98},[47,47416,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47418,99],{"class":98},[47,47420,128],{"class":61},[47,47422,47423],{"class":65},"-100",[47,47425,128],{"class":61},[47,47427,1796],{"class":98},[20,47429,144],{},[38,47431,47433],{"className":40,"code":47432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47434,47435,47440,47444],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47436,47437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47438,47439],{"class":80},"0\n",[47,47441,47442],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47443,2281],{"class":80},[47,47445,47446,47448],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47447,1033],{"class":57},[47,47449,47450],{"class":80},"100\n",[447,47452,47454],{"id":47453},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[38,47456,47458],{"className":40,"code":47457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47459,47460,47498,47502,47514,47521,47536,47551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47461,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47481,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491,47494,47496],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47463,4015],{"class":53},[47,47465,58],{"class":57},[47,47467,3815],{"class":98},[47,47469,128],{"class":61},[47,47471,518],{"class":65},[47,47473,128],{"class":61},[47,47475,136],{"class":98},[47,47477,62],{"class":61},[47,47479,47480],{"class":65},"12abc",[47,47482,128],{"class":61},[47,47484,136],{"class":98},[47,47486,6320],{"class":61},[47,47488,136],{"class":98},[47,47490,62],{"class":61},[47,47492,47493],{"class":65},"seven",[47,47495,128],{"class":61},[47,47497,3828],{"class":98},[47,47499,47500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47501,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,47503,47504,47506,47508,47510,47512],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47505,1462],{"class":1461},[47,47507,21782],{"class":53},[47,47509,1468],{"class":1461},[47,47511,4077],{"class":53},[47,47513,6586],{"class":98},[47,47515,47516,47519],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,47517,47518],{"class":1461},"    try",[47,47520,6586],{"class":98},[47,47522,47523,47526,47528,47530,47532,47534],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,47524,47525],{"class":94},"        print",[47,47527,99],{"class":98},[47,47529,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47531,99],{"class":98},[47,47533,2668],{"class":102},[47,47535,1796],{"class":98},[47,47537,47538,47541,47543,47546,47549],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,47539,47540],{"class":1461},"    except",[47,47542,42116],{"class":1788},[47,47544,47545],{"class":1461}," as",[47,47547,47548],{"class":53}," error",[47,47550,6586],{"class":98},[47,47552,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565,47568,47570,47573,47575,47578,47580,47582],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,47554,47525],{"class":94},[47,47556,99],{"class":98},[47,47558,22491],{"class":2266},[47,47560,128],{"class":65},[47,47562,9470],{"class":80},[47,47564,2668],{"class":102},[47,47566,47567],{"class":2266},"!r",[47,47569,22500],{"class":80},[47,47571,47572],{"class":65}," -> ",[47,47574,9470],{"class":80},[47,47576,47577],{"class":102},"error",[47,47579,22500],{"class":80},[47,47581,128],{"class":65},[47,47583,106],{"class":98},[20,47585,144],{},[38,47587,47589],{"className":40,"code":47588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47590,47591,47627,47659,47684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47592,47593,47595,47597,47599,47602,47605,47607,47609,47611,47614,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47594,3493],{"class":43518},[47,47596,518],{"class":43522},[47,47598,3493],{"class":43518},[47,47600,47601],{"class":37559}," ->",[47,47603,47604],{"class":53}," invalid literal ",[47,47606,1462],{"class":1461},[47,47608,45467],{"class":1788},[47,47610,7561],{"class":98},[47,47612,47613],{"class":1461}," with",[47,47615,47616],{"class":53}," base ",[47,47618,582],{"class":80},[47,47620,420],{"class":98},[47,47622,3488],{"class":61},[47,47624,518],{"class":65},[47,47626,29898],{"class":61},[47,47628,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651,47653,47655,47657],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47630,3493],{"class":61},[47,47632,47480],{"class":65},[47,47634,3493],{"class":61},[47,47636,47601],{"class":37559},[47,47638,47604],{"class":53},[47,47640,1462],{"class":1461},[47,47642,45467],{"class":1788},[47,47644,7561],{"class":98},[47,47646,47613],{"class":1461},[47,47648,47616],{"class":53},[47,47650,582],{"class":80},[47,47652,420],{"class":98},[47,47654,3488],{"class":61},[47,47656,47480],{"class":65},[47,47658,29898],{"class":61},[47,47660,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47662,3966],{"class":61},[47,47664,47601],{"class":37559},[47,47666,47604],{"class":53},[47,47668,1462],{"class":1461},[47,47670,45467],{"class":1788},[47,47672,7561],{"class":98},[47,47674,47613],{"class":1461},[47,47676,47616],{"class":53},[47,47678,582],{"class":80},[47,47680,420],{"class":98},[47,47682,47683],{"class":61}," ''\n",[47,47685,47686,47688,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,47687,3493],{"class":61},[47,47689,47493],{"class":65},[47,47691,3493],{"class":61},[47,47693,47601],{"class":37559},[47,47695,47604],{"class":53},[47,47697,1462],{"class":1461},[47,47699,45467],{"class":1788},[47,47701,7561],{"class":98},[47,47703,47613],{"class":1461},[47,47705,47616],{"class":53},[47,47707,582],{"class":80},[47,47709,420],{"class":98},[47,47711,3488],{"class":61},[47,47713,47493],{"class":65},[47,47715,29898],{"class":61},[20,47717,47718,47719,47721,47722,445],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[594,47720,9174],{"href":9173}," and the ",[594,47723,47724,2501],{"href":1405},[15,47725,1408],{},[33,47727,1654,47729,47731],{"id":47728},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47730,3071],{}," with floats",[20,47733,47734,47735,47737],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47736,3071],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47739,47740,47741,14248,47743,47745],{},"Important: ",[15,47742,3071],{},[280,47744,4826],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[38,47747,47749],{"className":40,"code":47748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47750,47751,47765,47780,47796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47752,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47754,95],{"class":94},[47,47756,99],{"class":98},[47,47758,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47760,99],{"class":98},[47,47762,42174],{"class":80},[47,47764,1796],{"class":98},[47,47766,47767,47769,47771,47773,47775,47778],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47768,95],{"class":94},[47,47770,99],{"class":98},[47,47772,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47774,99],{"class":98},[47,47776,47777],{"class":80},"3.1",[47,47779,1796],{"class":98},[47,47781,47782,47784,47786,47788,47790,47792,47794],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47783,95],{"class":94},[47,47785,99],{"class":98},[47,47787,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47789,99],{"class":98},[47,47791,1033],{"class":57},[47,47793,42174],{"class":80},[47,47795,1796],{"class":98},[47,47797,47798,47800,47802,47804,47806,47808,47810],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,47799,95],{"class":94},[47,47801,99],{"class":98},[47,47803,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47805,99],{"class":98},[47,47807,1033],{"class":57},[47,47809,47777],{"class":80},[47,47811,1796],{"class":98},[20,47813,144],{},[38,47815,47817],{"className":40,"code":47816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47818,47819,47823,47827,47833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47820,47821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47822,46804],{"class":80},[47,47824,47825],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47826,46804],{"class":80},[47,47828,47829,47831],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47830,1033],{"class":57},[47,47832,46804],{"class":80},[47,47834,47835,47837],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,47836,1033],{"class":57},[47,47838,46804],{"class":80},[20,47840,47841],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[187,47843,47844,47851],{},[190,47845,47846,42345,47849],{},[15,47847,47848],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47850,2263],{},[190,47852,47853,42345,47856],{},[15,47854,47855],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47857,47858],{},"-3",[20,47860,47861,47862,47866,47867,445],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[594,47863,47864],{"href":3075},[15,47865,3078],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[594,47868,47869],{"href":795},[15,47870,798],{},[33,47872,1654,47874,47876],{"id":47873},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47875,3071],{}," with booleans",[20,47878,47879],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[38,47881,47883],{"className":40,"code":47882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47884,47885,47899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47886,47887,47889,47891,47893,47895,47897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47888,95],{"class":94},[47,47890,99],{"class":98},[47,47892,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47894,99],{"class":98},[47,47896,3795],{"class":1334},[47,47898,1796],{"class":98},[47,47900,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47902,95],{"class":94},[47,47904,99],{"class":98},[47,47906,2389],{"class":1788},[47,47908,99],{"class":98},[47,47910,3868],{"class":1334},[47,47912,1796],{"class":98},[20,47914,144],{},[38,47916,47918],{"className":40,"code":47917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n0\n",[15,47919,47920,47924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47921,47922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47923,47104],{"class":80},[47,47925,47926],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47927,47439],{"class":80},[20,47929,47930],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[38,47932,47934],{"className":40,"code":47933,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47935,47936,47945,47960,47964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47937,47938,47941,47943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47939,47940],{"class":53},"passed ",[47,47942,58],{"class":57},[47,47944,6616],{"class":1334},[47,47946,47947,47949,47951,47953,47955,47958],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,47948,1447],{"class":53},[47,47950,58],{"class":57},[47,47952,45467],{"class":1788},[47,47954,99],{"class":98},[47,47956,47957],{"class":102},"passed",[47,47959,106],{"class":98},[47,47961,47962],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,47963,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,47965,47966,47968,47970,47972],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,47967,95],{"class":94},[47,47969,99],{"class":98},[47,47971,41401],{"class":102},[47,47973,106],{"class":98},[20,47975,144],{},[38,47977,47978],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,47979,47980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,47981,47982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,47983,47104],{"class":80},[20,47985,47986,47987,445],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[594,47988,47989,2501],{"href":5975},[15,47990,4005],{},[33,47992,47994],{"id":47993},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47996,47997,47998,48001],{},"Use the ",[15,47999,48000],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[447,48003,48005],{"id":48004},"binary-example","Binary example",[38,48007,48009],{"className":40,"code":48008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48010,48011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48012,48013,48015,48017,48019,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48014,95],{"class":94},[47,48016,99],{"class":98},[47,48018,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48020,99],{"class":98},[47,48022,128],{"class":61},[47,48024,46779],{"class":65},[47,48026,128],{"class":61},[47,48028,136],{"class":98},[47,48030,1562],{"class":80},[47,48032,1796],{"class":98},[20,48034,144],{},[38,48036,48037],{"className":40,"code":268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48038,48039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48040,48041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48042,268],{"class":80},[20,48044,48045,48048],{},[15,48046,48047],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[187,48050,48051,48056,48061],{},[190,48052,48053],{},[15,48054,48055],{},"1 × 4",[190,48057,48058],{},[15,48059,48060],{},"0 × 2",[190,48062,48063],{},[15,48064,48065],{},"1 × 1",[20,48067,48068,48069,445],{},"So the result is ",[15,48070,232],{},[447,48072,48074],{"id":48073},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[38,48076,48078],{"className":40,"code":48077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48079,48080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48081,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092,48094,48096,48098,48100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48083,95],{"class":94},[47,48085,99],{"class":98},[47,48087,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48089,99],{"class":98},[47,48091,128],{"class":61},[47,48093,47204],{"class":65},[47,48095,128],{"class":61},[47,48097,136],{"class":98},[47,48099,14182],{"class":80},[47,48101,1796],{"class":98},[20,48103,144],{},[38,48105,48106],{"className":40,"code":47233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48107,48108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48109,48110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48111,47233],{"class":80},[447,48113,48115],{"id":48114},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48117,850,48118,48120],{},[15,48119,48000],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48122,48123],{},"Good:",[38,48125,48126],{"className":40,"code":48008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48127,48128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48129,48130,48132,48134,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48131,95],{"class":94},[47,48133,99],{"class":98},[47,48135,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48137,99],{"class":98},[47,48139,128],{"class":61},[47,48141,46779],{"class":65},[47,48143,128],{"class":61},[47,48145,136],{"class":98},[47,48147,1562],{"class":80},[47,48149,1796],{"class":98},[20,48151,48152],{},"Not correct:",[38,48154,48156],{"className":40,"code":48155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48157,48158],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48159,48160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48161,48155],{"class":3857},[20,48163,48164,48165,8794,48167,48169],{},"That causes a ",[15,48166,1707],{},[15,48168,48000],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[33,48171,48173],{"id":48172},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48175,48176,48177,48179,48180,839,48182,445],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48178,3071],{}," are ",[15,48181,40894],{},[15,48183,1707],{},[447,48185,48186],{"id":41703},[15,48187,40894],{},[20,48189,48190],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48192,204],{},[38,48194,48196],{"className":40,"code":48195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48197,48198,48204,48222,48234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48199,48200,48202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48201,30002],{"class":1461},[47,48203,6586],{"class":98},[47,48205,48206,48208,48210,48212,48214,48216,48218,48220],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48207,1499],{"class":94},[47,48209,99],{"class":98},[47,48211,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48213,99],{"class":98},[47,48215,128],{"class":61},[47,48217,518],{"class":65},[47,48219,128],{"class":61},[47,48221,1796],{"class":98},[47,48223,48224,48226,48228,48230,48232],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,48225,30033],{"class":1461},[47,48227,42116],{"class":1788},[47,48229,47545],{"class":1461},[47,48231,47548],{"class":53},[47,48233,6586],{"class":98},[47,48235,48236,48238,48240,48242],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,48237,1499],{"class":94},[47,48239,99],{"class":98},[47,48241,47577],{"class":102},[47,48243,106],{"class":98},[20,48245,144],{},[38,48247,48249],{"className":40,"code":48248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48250,48251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48252,48253,48256,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266,48268,48270,48272,48274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48254,48255],{"class":53},"invalid literal ",[47,48257,1462],{"class":1461},[47,48259,45467],{"class":1788},[47,48261,7561],{"class":98},[47,48263,47613],{"class":1461},[47,48265,47616],{"class":53},[47,48267,582],{"class":80},[47,48269,420],{"class":98},[47,48271,3488],{"class":61},[47,48273,518],{"class":65},[47,48275,29898],{"class":61},[20,48277,48278,48279,48282,48283,48285],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48280,48281],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48284,3071],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[38,48287,48289],{"className":40,"code":48288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48290,48291],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48292,48293,48295,48297,48299,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309,48311],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48294,95],{"class":94},[47,48296,99],{"class":98},[47,48298,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48300,99],{"class":98},[47,48302,2393],{"class":1788},[47,48304,99],{"class":98},[47,48306,128],{"class":61},[47,48308,518],{"class":65},[47,48310,128],{"class":61},[47,48312,3106],{"class":98},[20,48314,144],{},[38,48316,48317],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48318,48319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48320,48321],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48322,46804],{"class":80},[20,48324,48325,48326,839,48329,445],{},"If you see this often, read ",[594,48327,48328],{"href":3154},"how to convert string to int in Python",[594,48330,25878,48331],{"href":46104},[15,48332,46105],{},[447,48334,48335],{"id":41769},[15,48336,1707],{},[20,48338,48339],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48341,204],{},[38,48343,48345],{"className":40,"code":48344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48346,48347,48353,48367,48380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48348,48349,48351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48350,30002],{"class":1461},[47,48352,6586],{"class":98},[47,48354,48355,48357,48359,48361,48363,48365],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48356,1499],{"class":94},[47,48358,99],{"class":98},[47,48360,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48362,99],{"class":98},[47,48364,285],{"class":1334},[47,48366,1796],{"class":98},[47,48368,48369,48371,48374,48376,48378],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,48370,30033],{"class":1461},[47,48372,48373],{"class":1788}," TypeError",[47,48375,47545],{"class":1461},[47,48377,47548],{"class":53},[47,48379,6586],{"class":98},[47,48381,48382,48384,48386,48388],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,48383,1499],{"class":94},[47,48385,99],{"class":98},[47,48387,47577],{"class":102},[47,48389,106],{"class":98},[20,48391,144],{},[38,48393,48395],{"className":40,"code":48394,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48396,48397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48398,48399,48401,48403,48406,48408,48410,48413,48415,48418,48420,48423,48425,48427,48429,48431,48434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48400,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48402,7561],{"class":98},[47,48404,48405],{"class":53}," argument must be a string",[47,48407,136],{"class":98},[47,48409,44735],{"class":53},[47,48411,48412],{"class":1788},"bytes",[47,48414,1033],{"class":57},[47,48416,48417],{"class":53},"like ",[47,48419,42588],{"class":1788},[47,48421,48422],{"class":57}," or",[47,48424,41030],{"class":53},[47,48426,136],{"class":98},[47,48428,8294],{"class":57},[47,48430,3488],{"class":61},[47,48432,48433],{"class":65},"NoneType",[47,48435,29898],{"class":61},[20,48437,48438,48439,48441],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48440,48000],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[38,48443,48445],{"className":40,"code":48444,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48446,48447,48453,48471,48483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48448,48449,48451],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48450,30002],{"class":1461},[47,48452,6586],{"class":98},[47,48454,48455,48457,48459,48461,48463,48465,48467,48469],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48456,1499],{"class":94},[47,48458,99],{"class":98},[47,48460,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48462,99],{"class":98},[47,48464,46779],{"class":80},[47,48466,136],{"class":98},[47,48468,1562],{"class":80},[47,48470,1796],{"class":98},[47,48472,48473,48475,48477,48479,48481],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,48474,30033],{"class":1461},[47,48476,48373],{"class":1788},[47,48478,47545],{"class":1461},[47,48480,47548],{"class":53},[47,48482,6586],{"class":98},[47,48484,48485,48487,48489,48491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,48486,1499],{"class":94},[47,48488,99],{"class":98},[47,48490,47577],{"class":102},[47,48492,106],{"class":98},[20,48494,144],{},[38,48496,48498],{"className":40,"code":48497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48499,48500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48501,48502,48504,48506,48509,48511],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48503,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48505,7561],{"class":98},[47,48507,48508],{"class":53}," can",[47,48510,3493],{"class":61},[47,48512,48513],{"class":65},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[33,48515,5158,48517],{"id":48516},"when-to-use-int",[15,48518,3071],{},[20,48520,167,48521,48523],{},[15,48522,3071],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48525,48526],{},"Common uses:",[187,48528,48529,48535,48538,48541],{},[190,48530,48531,48532,48534],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48533,1408],{}," into integers",[190,48536,48537],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[190,48539,48540],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[190,48542,48543,48544,847],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48545,48000],{},[20,48547,48548],{},"Example with user input:",[38,48550,48552],{"className":40,"code":48551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48553,48554,48568,48583,48587],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48555,48556,48559,48561,48563,48566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48557,48558],{"class":53},"age_text ",[47,48560,58],{"class":57},[47,48562,62],{"class":61},[47,48564,48565],{"class":65},"18",[47,48567,69],{"class":61},[47,48569,48570,48572,48574,48576,48578,48581],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48571,75],{"class":53},[47,48573,58],{"class":57},[47,48575,45467],{"class":1788},[47,48577,99],{"class":98},[47,48579,48580],{"class":102},"age_text",[47,48582,106],{"class":98},[47,48584,48585],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,48586,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,48588,48589,48591,48593,48595,48597,48599],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,48590,95],{"class":94},[47,48592,99],{"class":98},[47,48594,75],{"class":102},[47,48596,710],{"class":57},[47,48598,1545],{"class":80},[47,48600,106],{"class":98},[20,48602,144],{},[38,48604,48606],{"className":40,"code":48605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19\n",[15,48607,48608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48609,48610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48611,48605],{"class":80},[33,48613,1595],{"id":1594},[20,48615,14927,48616,445],{},[15,48617,3071],{},[447,48619,48621],{"id":48620},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48623,48624],{},"This fails:",[38,48626,48628],{"className":40,"code":48627,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48629,48630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48631,48632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48633,48627],{"class":3857},[20,48635,48636,48637,48640],{},"Why: ",[15,48638,48639],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48642,19037],{},[38,48644,48646],{"className":40,"code":48645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48647,48648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48649,48650,48652,48654,48656,48658,48660,48662,48664,48666,48668],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48651,95],{"class":94},[47,48653,99],{"class":98},[47,48655,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48657,99],{"class":98},[47,48659,2393],{"class":1788},[47,48661,99],{"class":98},[47,48663,128],{"class":61},[47,48665,41314],{"class":65},[47,48667,128],{"class":61},[47,48669,3106],{"class":98},[447,48671,48673],{"id":48672},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48675,48624],{},[38,48677,48679],{"className":40,"code":48678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48680,48681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48682,48683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48684,48678],{"class":3857},[20,48686,48687],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[447,48689,48691,48692],{"id":48690},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48693,48694],{},"int(None)",[20,48696,48697,48698,48700],{},"This fails because ",[15,48699,285],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[38,48702,48704],{"className":40,"code":48703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48705,48706,48715,48719,48725,48739,48751],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48707,48708,48710,48712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48709,2644],{"class":53},[47,48711,58],{"class":57},[47,48713,48714],{"class":1334}," None\n",[47,48716,48717],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,48718,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,48720,48721,48723],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,48722,30002],{"class":1461},[47,48724,6586],{"class":98},[47,48726,48727,48729,48731,48733,48735,48737],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,48728,1499],{"class":94},[47,48730,99],{"class":98},[47,48732,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48734,99],{"class":98},[47,48736,2668],{"class":102},[47,48738,1796],{"class":98},[47,48740,48741,48743,48745,48747,48749],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,48742,30033],{"class":1461},[47,48744,48373],{"class":1788},[47,48746,47545],{"class":1461},[47,48748,47548],{"class":53},[47,48750,6586],{"class":98},[47,48752,48753,48755,48757,48759],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,48754,1499],{"class":94},[47,48756,99],{"class":98},[47,48758,47577],{"class":102},[47,48760,106],{"class":98},[447,48762,48764],{"id":48763},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48766,48624],{},[38,48768,48769],{"className":40,"code":48155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48770,48771],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48772,48773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48774,48155],{"class":3857},[20,48776,48777],{},"Use a string instead:",[38,48779,48780],{"className":40,"code":48008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,48781,48782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48783,48784,48786,48788,48790,48792,48794,48796,48798,48800,48802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48785,95],{"class":94},[47,48787,99],{"class":98},[47,48789,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48791,99],{"class":98},[47,48793,128],{"class":61},[47,48795,46779],{"class":65},[47,48797,128],{"class":61},[47,48799,136],{"class":98},[47,48801,1562],{"class":80},[47,48803,1796],{"class":98},[447,48805,1807,48807,48809],{"id":48806},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48808,3071],{}," to round",[20,48811,48812],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[38,48814,48816],{"className":40,"code":48815,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48817,48818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48819,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828,48831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48821,95],{"class":94},[47,48823,99],{"class":98},[47,48825,2389],{"class":1788},[47,48827,99],{"class":98},[47,48829,48830],{"class":80},"4.9",[47,48832,1796],{"class":98},[20,48834,144],{},[38,48836,48838],{"className":40,"code":48837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n",[15,48839,48840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,48841,48842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,48843,48837],{"class":80},[20,48845,3361,48846,48848,48849,48851],{},[15,48847,232],{},", remember that ",[15,48850,3071],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[33,48853,1969],{"id":1968},[447,48855,1973,48857,48859],{"id":48856},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48858,3071],{}," round numbers?",[20,48861,46553,48862,48864],{},[15,48863,3071],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[447,48866,2002,48868,48871],{"id":48867},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48869,48870],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48873,2012,48874,48876,48877,48879,48880,2051],{},[15,48875,48281],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48878,3078],{}," first, then use ",[15,48881,3071],{},[447,48883,5339,48885,12910],{"id":48884},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48886,48887],{},"int(True)",[20,48889,5345,48890,28513,48892,42345,48894,445],{},[15,48891,1476],{},[15,48893,3868],{},[15,48895,2321],{},[447,48897,48899],{"id":48898},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48901,48902],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[33,48904,2075],{"id":2074},[187,48906,48907,48913,48919,48925,48930,48934,48940],{},[190,48908,48909],{},[594,48910,48911,2088],{"href":3075},[15,48912,3078],{},[190,48914,48915],{},[594,48916,48917,2088],{"href":795},[15,48918,798],{},[190,48920,48921],{},[594,48922,48923,2088],{"href":5975},[15,48924,4005],{},[190,48926,48927],{},[594,48928,48929],{"href":3154},"How to convert string to int in Python",[190,48931,48932],{},[594,48933,9251],{"href":9173},[190,48935,48936],{},[594,48937,48938,2088],{"href":1405},[15,48939,1408],{},[190,48941,48942],{},[594,48943,30546,48944],{"href":46104},[15,48945,46105],{},[2110,48947,48948],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":48950},[48951,48952,48954,48958,48963,48965,48967,48972,48976,48978,48987,48996],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":46816,"depth":72,"text":48953},"What int() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":48955},[48956,48957],{"id":47007,"depth":84,"text":47010},{"id":47107,"depth":84,"text":47110},{"id":47243,"depth":72,"text":48959,"children":48960},"Using int() with strings",[48961,48962],{"id":47365,"depth":84,"text":47366},{"id":47453,"depth":84,"text":47454},{"id":47728,"depth":72,"text":48964},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47873,"depth":72,"text":48966},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47993,"depth":72,"text":47994,"children":48968},[48969,48970,48971],{"id":48004,"depth":84,"text":48005},{"id":48073,"depth":84,"text":48074},{"id":48114,"depth":84,"text":48115},{"id":48172,"depth":72,"text":48173,"children":48973},[48974,48975],{"id":41703,"depth":84,"text":40894},{"id":41769,"depth":84,"text":1707},{"id":48516,"depth":72,"text":48977},"When to use int()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":48979},[48980,48981,48982,48984,48985],{"id":48620,"depth":84,"text":48621},{"id":48672,"depth":84,"text":48673},{"id":48690,"depth":84,"text":48983},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48763,"depth":84,"text":48764},{"id":48806,"depth":84,"text":48986},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":48988},[48989,48991,48993,48995],{"id":48856,"depth":84,"text":48990},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48867,"depth":84,"text":48992},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48884,"depth":84,"text":48994},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48898,"depth":84,"text":48899},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42286,"description":48997},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49004,"title":49005,"body":49006,"description":50841,"extension":2167,"meta":50842,"navigation":87,"path":44993,"seo":50843,"stem":50844,"__hash__":50845},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49007,"toc":50797},[49008,49013,49018,49026,49035,49037,49095,49101,49106,49111,49114,49142,49145,49148,49159,49169,49171,49173,49193,49197,49225,49227,49266,49268,49276,49278,49281,49285,49338,49340,49352,49356,49413,49415,49427,49433,49439,49443,49446,49449,49515,49517,49529,49535,49537,49589,49592,49633,49636,49643,49652,49658,49661,49694,49700,49703,49734,49740,49743,49755,49759,49764,49768,49926,49928,49943,49946,49950,50054,50056,50073,50077,50138,50140,50148,50151,50155,50222,50224,50233,50239,50241,50250,50252,50287,50292,50294,50324,50328,50330,50367,50370,50372,50409,50415,50417,50467,50469,50477,50487,50493,50497,50502,50551,50553,50566,50569,50571,50574,50649,50652,50671,50674,50704,50714,50716,50721,50728,50734,50740,50747,50755,50761,50764,50766,50794],[10,49009,13,49011,18],{"id":49010},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49012,44996],{},[20,49014,49015,49017],{},[15,49016,44996],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49019,49020,49021,3072,49023,49025],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49022,3795],{},[15,49024,3868],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49027,49028,49029,49031,49032,49034],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49030,44996],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49033,2500],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[33,49036,3800],{"id":3799},[38,49038,49040],{"className":40,"code":49039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49041,49042,49050,49054,49075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49043,49044,49046,49048],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49045,2644],{"class":53},[47,49047,58],{"class":57},[47,49049,423],{"class":80},[47,49051,49052],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49053,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49055,49056,49058,49060,49063,49065,49067,49069,49071,49073],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49057,95],{"class":94},[47,49059,99],{"class":98},[47,49061,49062],{"class":94},"isinstance",[47,49064,99],{"class":98},[47,49066,2668],{"class":102},[47,49068,136],{"class":98},[47,49070,45467],{"class":1788},[47,49072,5556],{"class":98},[47,49074,44045],{"class":3857},[47,49076,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,49078,95],{"class":94},[47,49080,99],{"class":98},[47,49082,49062],{"class":94},[47,49084,99],{"class":98},[47,49086,2668],{"class":102},[47,49088,136],{"class":98},[47,49090,1789],{"class":1788},[47,49092,5556],{"class":98},[47,49094,44062],{"class":3857},[20,49096,167,49097,49100],{},[15,49098,49099],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[33,49102,174,49104,177],{"id":49103},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49105,44996],{},[20,49107,49108,49110],{},[15,49109,44996],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49112,49113],{},"It:",[187,49115,49116,49119,49125,49128],{},[190,49117,49118],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[190,49120,11618,49121,3072,49123],{},[15,49122,3795],{},[15,49124,3868],{},[190,49126,49127],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[190,49129,49130,49131,2390,49133,2390,49135,2390,49137,17268,49140],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49132,3636],{},[15,49134,2389],{},[15,49136,8288],{},[15,49138,49139],{},"tuple",[15,49141,9015],{},[20,49143,49144],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49146,49147],{},"For example, you might want to:",[187,49149,49150,49153,49156],{},[190,49151,49152],{},"loop through a list",[190,49154,49155],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[190,49157,49158],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49160,49161,49162,3072,49165,445],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[594,49163,44988],{"href":49164},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[594,49166,49168],{"href":49167},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[33,49170,290],{"id":289},[20,49172,2360],{},[38,49174,49176],{"className":40,"code":49175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49177,49178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49179,49180,49182,49184,49186,49188,49191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49181,49062],{"class":94},[47,49183,99],{"class":98},[47,49185,42588],{"class":1788},[47,49187,136],{"class":98},[47,49189,49190],{"class":102}," classinfo",[47,49192,106],{"class":98},[447,49194,49196],{"id":49195},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[187,49198,49199,49204,49218],{},[190,49200,49201,49203],{},[15,49202,42588],{}," is the value you want to test",[190,49205,49206,49209,49210,2390,49212,2390,49214,2394,49216],{},[15,49207,49208],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49211,2389],{},[15,49213,3636],{},[15,49215,8288],{},[15,49217,9015],{},[190,49219,49220,49221,3072,49223],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49222,3795],{},[15,49224,3868],{},[20,49226,204],{},[38,49228,49230],{"className":40,"code":49229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49231,49232,49244,49248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49233,49234,49236,49238,49240,49242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49235,54],{"class":53},[47,49237,58],{"class":57},[47,49239,62],{"class":61},[47,49241,11704],{"class":65},[47,49243,69],{"class":61},[47,49245,49246],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49247,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49249,49250,49252,49254,49256,49258,49260,49262,49264],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49251,95],{"class":94},[47,49253,99],{"class":98},[47,49255,49062],{"class":94},[47,49257,99],{"class":98},[47,49259,103],{"class":102},[47,49261,136],{"class":98},[47,49263,1789],{"class":1788},[47,49265,1796],{"class":98},[20,49267,144],{},[38,49269,49270],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49271,49272],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49273,49274],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49275,4172],{"class":1334},[33,49277,11670],{"id":11669},[20,49279,49280],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[447,49282,49284],{"id":49283},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[38,49286,49288],{"className":40,"code":49287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49289,49290,49298,49302,49320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49291,49292,49294,49296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49293,2644],{"class":53},[47,49295,58],{"class":57},[47,49297,45416],{"class":80},[47,49299,49300],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49301,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49303,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49305,95],{"class":94},[47,49307,99],{"class":98},[47,49309,49062],{"class":94},[47,49311,99],{"class":98},[47,49313,2668],{"class":102},[47,49315,136],{"class":98},[47,49317,45467],{"class":1788},[47,49319,1796],{"class":98},[47,49321,49322,49324,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,49323,95],{"class":94},[47,49325,99],{"class":98},[47,49327,49062],{"class":94},[47,49329,99],{"class":98},[47,49331,2668],{"class":102},[47,49333,136],{"class":98},[47,49335,1789],{"class":1788},[47,49337,1796],{"class":98},[20,49339,144],{},[38,49341,49342],{"className":40,"code":44364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49343,49344,49348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49345,49346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49347,4172],{"class":1334},[47,49349,49350],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49351,4233],{"class":1334},[447,49353,49355],{"id":49354},"check-text","Check text",[38,49357,49359],{"className":40,"code":49358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49360,49361,49373,49377,49395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49362,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49364,34884],{"class":53},[47,49366,58],{"class":57},[47,49368,62],{"class":61},[47,49370,4038],{"class":65},[47,49372,69],{"class":61},[47,49374,49375],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49376,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49378,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49380,95],{"class":94},[47,49382,99],{"class":98},[47,49384,49062],{"class":94},[47,49386,99],{"class":98},[47,49388,192],{"class":102},[47,49390,136],{"class":98},[47,49392,1789],{"class":1788},[47,49394,1796],{"class":98},[47,49396,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405,49407,49409,49411],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,49398,95],{"class":94},[47,49400,99],{"class":98},[47,49402,49062],{"class":94},[47,49404,99],{"class":98},[47,49406,192],{"class":102},[47,49408,136],{"class":98},[47,49410,45467],{"class":1788},[47,49412,1796],{"class":98},[20,49414,144],{},[38,49416,49417],{"className":40,"code":44364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49418,49419,49423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49420,49421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49422,4172],{"class":1334},[47,49424,49425],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49426,4233],{"class":1334},[20,49428,49429,49430,49432],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49431,44996],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49434,49435,49436,445],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[594,49437,49438],{"href":3154},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,49440,49442],{"id":49441},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49444,49445],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49447,49448],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[38,49450,49452],{"className":40,"code":49451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49453,49454,49463,49467,49491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49455,49456,49458,49460],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49457,2644],{"class":53},[47,49459,58],{"class":57},[47,49461,49462],{"class":80}," 3.5\n",[47,49464,49465],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49466,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49468,49469,49471,49473,49475,49477,49479,49481,49483,49485,49487,49489],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49470,95],{"class":94},[47,49472,99],{"class":98},[47,49474,49062],{"class":94},[47,49476,99],{"class":98},[47,49478,2668],{"class":102},[47,49480,136],{"class":98},[47,49482,9428],{"class":98},[47,49484,2389],{"class":1788},[47,49486,136],{"class":98},[47,49488,40445],{"class":1788},[47,49490,3106],{"class":98},[47,49492,49493,49495,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,49494,95],{"class":94},[47,49496,99],{"class":98},[47,49498,49062],{"class":94},[47,49500,99],{"class":98},[47,49502,2668],{"class":102},[47,49504,136],{"class":98},[47,49506,9428],{"class":98},[47,49508,3636],{"class":1788},[47,49510,136],{"class":98},[47,49512,22757],{"class":1788},[47,49514,3106],{"class":98},[20,49516,144],{},[38,49518,49519],{"className":40,"code":44364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,49520,49521,49525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49522,49523],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49524,4172],{"class":1334},[47,49526,49527],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49528,4233],{"class":1334},[20,49530,49531,49532,49534],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49533,41027],{}," conditions.",[20,49536,8492],{},[38,49538,49540],{"className":40,"code":49539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49541,49542,49550,49554],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49543,49544,49546,49548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49545,2644],{"class":53},[47,49547,58],{"class":57},[47,49549,49462],{"class":80},[47,49551,49552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49553,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49555,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572,49574,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49557,95],{"class":94},[47,49559,99],{"class":98},[47,49561,1922],{"class":1788},[47,49563,99],{"class":98},[47,49565,2668],{"class":102},[47,49567,3854],{"class":98},[47,49569,6601],{"class":57},[47,49571,45467],{"class":1788},[47,49573,48422],{"class":1461},[47,49575,49576],{"class":1788}," type",[47,49578,99],{"class":98},[47,49580,2668],{"class":102},[47,49582,3854],{"class":98},[47,49584,6601],{"class":57},[47,49586,40445],{"class":1788},[47,49588,106],{"class":98},[20,49590,49591],{},"you can write this:",[38,49593,49595],{"className":40,"code":49594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49596,49597,49605,49609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49598,49599,49601,49603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49600,2644],{"class":53},[47,49602,58],{"class":57},[47,49604,49462],{"class":80},[47,49606,49607],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49608,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49610,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49612,95],{"class":94},[47,49614,99],{"class":98},[47,49616,49062],{"class":94},[47,49618,99],{"class":98},[47,49620,2668],{"class":102},[47,49622,136],{"class":98},[47,49624,9428],{"class":98},[47,49626,2389],{"class":1788},[47,49628,136],{"class":98},[47,49630,40445],{"class":1788},[47,49632,3106],{"class":98},[20,49634,49635],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[33,49637,49639,10778,49641],{"id":49638},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49640,44996],{},[15,49642,2500],{},[20,49644,10783,49645,839,49647,49651],{},[15,49646,44996],{},[594,49648,49649],{"href":2497},[15,49650,2500],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[447,49653,49655],{"id":49654},"typevalue-int",[15,49656,49657],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49659,49660],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[38,49662,49664],{"className":40,"code":49663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49665,49666,49674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49667,49668,49670,49672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49669,2644],{"class":53},[47,49671,58],{"class":57},[47,49673,423],{"class":80},[47,49675,49676,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49677,95],{"class":94},[47,49679,99],{"class":98},[47,49681,1922],{"class":1788},[47,49683,99],{"class":98},[47,49685,2668],{"class":102},[47,49687,3854],{"class":98},[47,49689,6601],{"class":57},[47,49691,45467],{"class":1788},[47,49693,106],{"class":98},[447,49695,49697],{"id":49696},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49698,49699],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49701,49702],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[38,49704,49706],{"className":40,"code":49705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49707,49708,49716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49709,49710,49712,49714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49711,2644],{"class":53},[47,49713,58],{"class":57},[47,49715,423],{"class":80},[47,49717,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49719,95],{"class":94},[47,49721,99],{"class":98},[47,49723,49062],{"class":94},[47,49725,99],{"class":98},[47,49727,2668],{"class":102},[47,49729,136],{"class":98},[47,49731,45467],{"class":1788},[47,49733,1796],{"class":98},[20,49735,49736,49737,49739],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49738,44996],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49741,49742],{},"In everyday code:",[187,49744,49745,49750],{},[190,49746,40181,49747,49749],{},[15,49748,2500],{}," when you need the exact type",[190,49751,40181,49752,49754],{},[15,49753,44996],{}," when you want a practical type check",[33,49756,49758],{"id":49757},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49760,49761,49762,445],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49763,44996],{},[447,49765,49767],{"id":49766},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[38,49769,49771],{"className":40,"code":49770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49772,49773,49791,49810,49822,49827,49845,49856,49860,49872,49876,49900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49774,49775,49777,49780,49782,49784,49786,49789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49776,35047],{"class":2266},[47,49778,49779],{"class":35050}," repeat_text",[47,49781,99],{"class":98},[47,49783,192],{"class":37854},[47,49785,136],{"class":98},[47,49787,49788],{"class":37854}," count",[47,49790,1483],{"class":98},[47,49792,49793,49795,49797,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49794,6591],{"class":1461},[47,49796,8294],{"class":57},[47,49798,49799],{"class":94}," isinstance",[47,49801,99],{"class":98},[47,49803,192],{"class":102},[47,49805,136],{"class":98},[47,49807,1789],{"class":1788},[47,49809,1483],{"class":98},[47,49811,49812,49815,49817,49820],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49813,49814],{"class":1461},"        return",[47,49816,62],{"class":61},[47,49818,49819],{"class":65},"text must be a string",[47,49821,69],{"class":61},[47,49823,49824],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,49825,49826],{"class":53},"    \n",[47,49828,49829,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841,49843],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,49830,6591],{"class":1461},[47,49832,8294],{"class":57},[47,49834,49799],{"class":94},[47,49836,99],{"class":98},[47,49838,41449],{"class":102},[47,49840,136],{"class":98},[47,49842,45467],{"class":1788},[47,49844,1483],{"class":98},[47,49846,49847,49849,49851,49854],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,49848,49814],{"class":1461},[47,49850,62],{"class":61},[47,49852,49853],{"class":65},"count must be an integer",[47,49855,69],{"class":61},[47,49857,49858],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,49859,49826],{"class":53},[47,49861,49862,49864,49867,49869],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,49863,35058],{"class":1461},[47,49865,49866],{"class":53}," text ",[47,49868,40064],{"class":57},[47,49870,49871],{"class":53}," count\n",[47,49873,49874],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,49875,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49877,49878,49880,49882,49885,49887,49889,49892,49894,49896,49898],{"class":49,"line":6630},[47,49879,95],{"class":94},[47,49881,99],{"class":98},[47,49883,49884],{"class":102},"repeat_text",[47,49886,99],{"class":98},[47,49888,128],{"class":61},[47,49890,49891],{"class":65},"Hi ",[47,49893,128],{"class":61},[47,49895,136],{"class":98},[47,49897,249],{"class":80},[47,49899,1796],{"class":98},[47,49901,49902,49904,49906,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924],{"class":49,"line":11790},[47,49903,95],{"class":94},[47,49905,99],{"class":98},[47,49907,49884],{"class":102},[47,49909,99],{"class":98},[47,49911,128],{"class":61},[47,49913,49891],{"class":65},[47,49915,128],{"class":61},[47,49917,136],{"class":98},[47,49919,62],{"class":61},[47,49921,2263],{"class":65},[47,49923,128],{"class":61},[47,49925,1796],{"class":98},[20,49927,144],{},[38,49929,49931],{"className":40,"code":49930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49932,49933,49938],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49934,49935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49936,49937],{"class":53},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[47,49939,49940],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49941,49942],{"class":53},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49944,49945],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[447,49947,49949],{"id":49948},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[38,49951,49953],{"className":40,"code":49952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49954,49955,49987,49991,50007,50022,50039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,49956,49957,49959,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969,49971,49973,49975,49977,49979,49981,49983,49985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,49958,2644],{"class":53},[47,49960,58],{"class":57},[47,49962,3815],{"class":98},[47,49964,128],{"class":61},[47,49966,594],{"class":65},[47,49968,128],{"class":61},[47,49970,136],{"class":98},[47,49972,62],{"class":61},[47,49974,4957],{"class":65},[47,49976,128],{"class":61},[47,49978,136],{"class":98},[47,49980,62],{"class":61},[47,49982,9931],{"class":65},[47,49984,128],{"class":61},[47,49986,3828],{"class":98},[47,49988,49989],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,49990,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,49992,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,49994,7192],{"class":1461},[47,49996,49799],{"class":94},[47,49998,99],{"class":98},[47,50000,2668],{"class":102},[47,50002,136],{"class":98},[47,50004,1789],{"class":1788},[47,50006,1483],{"class":98},[47,50008,50009,50011,50013,50015,50018,50020],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,50010,1499],{"class":94},[47,50012,99],{"class":98},[47,50014,128],{"class":61},[47,50016,50017],{"class":65},"This is text",[47,50019,128],{"class":61},[47,50021,106],{"class":98},[47,50023,50024,50027,50029,50031,50033,50035,50037],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,50025,50026],{"class":1461},"elif",[47,50028,49799],{"class":94},[47,50030,99],{"class":98},[47,50032,2668],{"class":102},[47,50034,136],{"class":98},[47,50036,22757],{"class":1788},[47,50038,1483],{"class":98},[47,50040,50041,50043,50045,50047,50050,50052],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,50042,1499],{"class":94},[47,50044,99],{"class":98},[47,50046,128],{"class":61},[47,50048,50049],{"class":65},"This is a list",[47,50051,128],{"class":61},[47,50053,106],{"class":98},[20,50055,144],{},[38,50057,50059],{"className":40,"code":50058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a list\n",[15,50060,50061],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50062,50063,50066,50068,50070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50064,50065],{"class":53},"This ",[47,50067,12388],{"class":57},[47,50069,44735],{"class":53},[47,50071,50072],{"class":1788},"list\n",[447,50074,50076],{"id":50075},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[38,50078,50080],{"className":40,"code":50079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50081,50082,50094,50098,50114,50128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50083,50084,50086,50088,50090,50092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50085,2644],{"class":53},[47,50087,58],{"class":57},[47,50089,62],{"class":61},[47,50091,46713],{"class":65},[47,50093,69],{"class":61},[47,50095,50096],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50097,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,50099,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110,50112],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,50101,7192],{"class":1461},[47,50103,49799],{"class":94},[47,50105,99],{"class":98},[47,50107,2668],{"class":102},[47,50109,136],{"class":98},[47,50111,1789],{"class":1788},[47,50113,1483],{"class":98},[47,50115,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,50117,42080],{"class":53},[47,50119,58],{"class":57},[47,50121,45467],{"class":1788},[47,50123,99],{"class":98},[47,50125,2668],{"class":102},[47,50127,106],{"class":98},[47,50129,50130,50132,50134,50136],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,50131,1499],{"class":94},[47,50133,99],{"class":98},[47,50135,2438],{"class":102},[47,50137,106],{"class":98},[20,50139,144],{},[38,50141,50142],{"className":40,"code":46799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50143,50144],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50145,50146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50147,46799],{"class":80},[20,50149,50150],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[447,50152,50154],{"id":50153},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[38,50156,50158],{"className":40,"code":50157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50159,50160,50184,50188,50204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50161,50162,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50163,2644],{"class":53},[47,50165,58],{"class":57},[47,50167,10683],{"class":98},[47,50169,128],{"class":61},[47,50171,103],{"class":65},[47,50173,128],{"class":61},[47,50175,420],{"class":98},[47,50177,62],{"class":61},[47,50179,13075],{"class":65},[47,50181,128],{"class":61},[47,50183,9500],{"class":98},[47,50185,50186],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50187,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,50189,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50202],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,50191,7192],{"class":1461},[47,50193,49799],{"class":94},[47,50195,99],{"class":98},[47,50197,2668],{"class":102},[47,50199,136],{"class":98},[47,50201,9364],{"class":1788},[47,50203,1483],{"class":98},[47,50205,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216,50218,50220],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,50207,1499],{"class":94},[47,50209,99],{"class":98},[47,50211,2668],{"class":102},[47,50213,4092],{"class":98},[47,50215,128],{"class":61},[47,50217,103],{"class":65},[47,50219,128],{"class":61},[47,50221,4080],{"class":98},[20,50223,144],{},[38,50225,50227],{"className":40,"code":50226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n",[15,50228,50229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50230,50231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50232,50226],{"class":53},[20,50234,50235,50236,50238],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50237,1707],{}," messages later.",[33,50240,4713],{"id":4712},[447,50242,50244,50245,11285,50248],{"id":50243},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50246,50247],{},"\"int\"",[15,50249,2389],{},[20,50251,16839],{},[38,50253,50255],{"className":40,"code":50254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50256,50257,50265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50258,50259,50261,50263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50260,2644],{"class":53},[47,50262,58],{"class":57},[47,50264,423],{"class":80},[47,50266,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283,50285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50268,95],{"class":94},[47,50270,99],{"class":98},[47,50272,49062],{"class":94},[47,50274,99],{"class":98},[47,50276,2668],{"class":102},[47,50278,136],{"class":98},[47,50280,62],{"class":61},[47,50282,2389],{"class":65},[47,50284,128],{"class":61},[47,50286,1796],{"class":98},[20,50288,50289,50291],{},[15,50290,50247],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50293,16851],{},[38,50295,50296],{"className":40,"code":49705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50297,50298,50306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50299,50300,50302,50304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50301,2644],{"class":53},[47,50303,58],{"class":57},[47,50305,423],{"class":80},[47,50307,50308,50310,50312,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50309,95],{"class":94},[47,50311,99],{"class":98},[47,50313,49062],{"class":94},[47,50315,99],{"class":98},[47,50317,2668],{"class":102},[47,50319,136],{"class":98},[47,50321,45467],{"class":1788},[47,50323,1796],{"class":98},[447,50325,50327],{"id":50326},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50329,16839],{},[38,50331,50333],{"className":40,"code":50332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50334,50335,50343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50336,50337,50339,50341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50338,2644],{"class":53},[47,50340,58],{"class":57},[47,50342,35038],{"class":80},[47,50344,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50346,95],{"class":94},[47,50348,99],{"class":98},[47,50350,49062],{"class":94},[47,50352,99],{"class":98},[47,50354,2668],{"class":102},[47,50356,136],{"class":98},[47,50358,3815],{"class":98},[47,50360,2389],{"class":1788},[47,50362,136],{"class":98},[47,50364,40445],{"class":1788},[47,50366,3191],{"class":98},[20,50368,50369],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50371,16851],{},[38,50373,50375],{"className":40,"code":50374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50376,50377,50385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50378,50379,50381,50383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50380,2644],{"class":53},[47,50382,58],{"class":57},[47,50384,35038],{"class":80},[47,50386,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50388,95],{"class":94},[47,50390,99],{"class":98},[47,50392,49062],{"class":94},[47,50394,99],{"class":98},[47,50396,2668],{"class":102},[47,50398,136],{"class":98},[47,50400,9428],{"class":98},[47,50402,2389],{"class":1788},[47,50404,136],{"class":98},[47,50406,40445],{"class":1788},[47,50408,3106],{"class":98},[447,50410,25973,50412,50414],{"id":50411},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50413,44996],{}," converts a value",[20,50416,19110],{},[38,50418,50420],{"className":40,"code":50419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50421,50422,50435,50453,50457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50423,50424,50426,50428,50430,50433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50425,2644],{"class":53},[47,50427,58],{"class":57},[47,50429,62],{"class":61},[47,50431,50432],{"class":65},"123",[47,50434,69],{"class":61},[47,50436,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50438,1290],{"class":53},[47,50440,58],{"class":57},[47,50442,49799],{"class":94},[47,50444,99],{"class":98},[47,50446,2668],{"class":102},[47,50448,136],{"class":98},[47,50450,45467],{"class":1788},[47,50452,106],{"class":98},[47,50454,50455],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,50456,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,50458,50459,50461,50463,50465],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,50460,95],{"class":94},[47,50462,99],{"class":98},[47,50464,1315],{"class":102},[47,50466,106],{"class":98},[20,50468,144],{},[38,50470,50471],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,50472,50473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50474,50475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50476,4233],{"class":1334},[20,50478,50479,50480,50483,50484,50486],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50481,50482],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50485,50432],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50488,50489,50490,6825],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50491,50492],{},"int(value)",[447,50494,50496],{"id":50495},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50498,50499,50501],{},[15,50500,44996],{}," does not modify anything.",[38,50503,50505],{"className":40,"code":50504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50506,50507,50519,50523,50541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50508,50509,50511,50513,50515,50517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50510,2644],{"class":53},[47,50512,58],{"class":57},[47,50514,62],{"class":61},[47,50516,13752],{"class":65},[47,50518,69],{"class":61},[47,50520,50521],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50522,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,50524,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,50526,95],{"class":94},[47,50528,99],{"class":98},[47,50530,49062],{"class":94},[47,50532,99],{"class":98},[47,50534,2668],{"class":102},[47,50536,136],{"class":98},[47,50538,1789],{"class":1788},[47,50540,1796],{"class":98},[47,50542,50543,50545,50547,50549],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,50544,95],{"class":94},[47,50546,99],{"class":98},[47,50548,2668],{"class":102},[47,50550,106],{"class":98},[20,50552,144],{},[38,50554,50556],{"className":40,"code":50555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n100\n",[15,50557,50558,50562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50559,50560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50561,4172],{"class":1334},[47,50563,50564],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50565,47450],{"class":80},[20,50567,50568],{},"The value stays the same.",[33,50570,26141],{"id":26140},[20,50572,50573],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[38,50575,50577],{"className":40,"code":50576,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50578,50579,50593,50611,50635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50580,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50582,95],{"class":94},[47,50584,99],{"class":98},[47,50586,1922],{"class":1788},[47,50588,99],{"class":98},[47,50590,2668],{"class":102},[47,50592,1796],{"class":98},[47,50594,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50596,95],{"class":94},[47,50598,99],{"class":98},[47,50600,49062],{"class":94},[47,50602,99],{"class":98},[47,50604,2668],{"class":102},[47,50606,136],{"class":98},[47,50608,45467],{"class":1788},[47,50610,1796],{"class":98},[47,50612,50613,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,50614,95],{"class":94},[47,50616,99],{"class":98},[47,50618,49062],{"class":94},[47,50620,99],{"class":98},[47,50622,2668],{"class":102},[47,50624,136],{"class":98},[47,50626,9428],{"class":98},[47,50628,2389],{"class":1788},[47,50630,136],{"class":98},[47,50632,40445],{"class":1788},[47,50634,3106],{"class":98},[47,50636,50637,50639,50641,50643,50645,50647],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,50638,95],{"class":94},[47,50640,99],{"class":98},[47,50642,41969],{"class":94},[47,50644,99],{"class":98},[47,50646,2668],{"class":102},[47,50648,1796],{"class":98},[20,50650,50651],{},"These can help when:",[187,50653,50654,50657,50662,50665],{},[190,50655,50656],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[190,50658,50659,50660],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50661,1707],{},[190,50663,50664],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[190,50666,50667,50668,50670],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50669,44996],{}," is invalid",[20,50672,50673],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[187,50675,50676,50690,50696,50701],{},[190,50677,50678,50679,3072,50682,50685,50686,3072,50688],{},"using ",[15,50680,50681],{},"'int'",[15,50683,50684],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50687,2389],{},[15,50689,3636],{},[190,50691,50692,50693,50695],{},"expecting ",[15,50694,44996],{}," to convert a value",[190,50697,50678,50698,50700],{},[15,50699,2500],{}," when inherited types should also match",[190,50702,50703],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50705,50706,50707,445],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[594,50708,50710,50711],{"href":50709},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50712,50713],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[33,50715,1969],{"id":1968},[447,50717,5339,50719,5342],{"id":50718},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50720,44996],{},[20,50722,5345,50723,50725,50726,445],{},[15,50724,3795],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50727,3868],{},[447,50729,1989,50731,50733],{"id":50730},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50732,44996],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50735,50736,50737,445],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50738,50739],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[447,50741,2055,50743,839,50745,2009],{"id":50742},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50744,44996],{},[15,50746,2500],{},[20,50748,50749,50751,50752,50754],{},[15,50750,2500],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50753,44996],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[447,50756,1973,50758,50760],{"id":50757},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50759,44996],{}," convert a value?",[20,50762,50763],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[33,50765,2075],{"id":2074},[187,50767,50768,50774,50778,50783,50788],{},[190,50769,50770],{},[594,50771,13,50772,2088],{"href":2497},[15,50773,2500],{},[190,50775,50776],{},[594,50777,44988],{"href":49164},[190,50779,50780],{},[594,50781,50782],{"href":3154},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[190,50784,50785],{},[594,50786,50787],{"href":49167},"What is a data type in Python?",[190,50789,50790],{},[594,50791,50710,50792],{"href":50709},[15,50793,50713],{},[2110,50795,50796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":50798},[50799,50800,50802,50805,50809,50810,50815,50821,50829,50830,50840],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":49103,"depth":72,"text":50801},"What isinstance() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":50803},[50804],{"id":49195,"depth":84,"text":49196},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670,"children":50806},[50807,50808],{"id":49283,"depth":84,"text":49284},{"id":49354,"depth":84,"text":49355},{"id":49441,"depth":72,"text":49442},{"id":49638,"depth":72,"text":50811,"children":50812},"isinstance() vs type()",[50813,50814],{"id":49654,"depth":84,"text":49657},{"id":49696,"depth":84,"text":49699},{"id":49757,"depth":72,"text":49758,"children":50816},[50817,50818,50819,50820],{"id":49766,"depth":84,"text":49767},{"id":49948,"depth":84,"text":49949},{"id":50075,"depth":84,"text":50076},{"id":50153,"depth":84,"text":50154},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":50822},[50823,50825,50826,50828],{"id":50243,"depth":84,"text":50824},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50326,"depth":84,"text":50327},{"id":50411,"depth":84,"text":50827},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50495,"depth":84,"text":50496},{"id":26140,"depth":72,"text":26141},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":50831},[50832,50834,50836,50838],{"id":50718,"depth":84,"text":50833},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50730,"depth":84,"text":50835},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50742,"depth":84,"text":50837},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50757,"depth":84,"text":50839},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49005,"description":50841},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50847,"title":50848,"body":50849,"description":52820,"extension":2167,"meta":52821,"navigation":87,"path":52822,"seo":52823,"stem":52824,"__hash__":52825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50850,"toc":52795},[50851,50854,50859,50864,50878,50881,50883,50958,50963,50967,50972,50975,50989,50991,51157,51168,51170,51172,51187,51190,51193,51206,51208,51306,51310,51316,51319,51328,51330,51365,51370,51391,51396,51401,51433,51436,51493,51497,51503,51506,51559,51561,51601,51604,51672,51675,51726,51733,51737,51743,51828,51834,51840,51889,51892,51895,51945,51947,51952,51956,52006,52010,52057,52061,52138,52142,52207,52210,52214,52219,52224,52236,52238,52257,52263,52266,52285,52290,52317,52324,52328,52334,52337,52432,52435,52438,52487,52492,52494,52498,52533,52536,52593,52603,52606,52640,52643,52645,52649,52652,52656,52659,52663,52666,52670,52683,52687,52692,52694,52744,52756,52758,52792],[10,50852,50848],{"id":50853},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50855,9316,50856,50858],{},[15,50857,42550],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50860,35600,50861,50863],{},[15,50862,42550],{}," to count:",[187,50865,50866,50869,50872,50875],{},[190,50867,50868],{},"characters in a string",[190,50870,50871],{},"items in a list or tuple",[190,50873,50874],{},"keys in a dictionary",[190,50876,50877],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50879,50880],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[33,50882,36],{"id":35},[38,50884,50886],{"className":40,"code":50885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50887,50888,50900,50920,50924,50941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50889,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50891,34884],{"class":53},[47,50893,58],{"class":57},[47,50895,62],{"class":61},[47,50897,4038],{"class":65},[47,50899,69],{"class":61},[47,50901,50902,50904,50906,50908,50910,50912,50914,50916,50918],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,50903,7975],{"class":53},[47,50905,58],{"class":57},[47,50907,3815],{"class":98},[47,50909,582],{"class":80},[47,50911,136],{"class":98},[47,50913,7986],{"class":80},[47,50915,136],{"class":98},[47,50917,7991],{"class":80},[47,50919,3828],{"class":98},[47,50921,50922],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,50923,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,50925,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934,50936,50938],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,50927,95],{"class":94},[47,50929,99],{"class":98},[47,50931,11355],{"class":94},[47,50933,99],{"class":98},[47,50935,192],{"class":102},[47,50937,5556],{"class":98},[47,50939,50940],{"class":3857},"   # 5\n",[47,50942,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,50944,95],{"class":94},[47,50946,99],{"class":98},[47,50948,11355],{"class":94},[47,50950,99],{"class":98},[47,50952,8006],{"class":102},[47,50954,5556],{"class":98},[47,50956,50957],{"class":3857},"  # 3\n",[20,50959,167,50960,50962],{},[15,50961,42550],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[33,50964,50966],{"id":50965},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50968,50969,50971],{},[15,50970,42550],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50973,50974],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[187,50976,50977,50980,50983,50986],{},[190,50978,50979],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[190,50981,50982],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[190,50984,50985],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[190,50987,50988],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50990,204],{},[38,50992,50994],{"className":40,"code":50993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50995,50996,51008,51033,51065,51085,51089,51106,51123,51140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,50997,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,50999,54],{"class":53},[47,51001,58],{"class":57},[47,51003,62],{"class":61},[47,51005,7872],{"class":65},[47,51007,69],{"class":61},[47,51009,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51031],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51011,3810],{"class":53},[47,51013,58],{"class":57},[47,51015,3815],{"class":98},[47,51017,582],{"class":80},[47,51019,136],{"class":98},[47,51021,7986],{"class":80},[47,51023,136],{"class":98},[47,51025,7991],{"class":80},[47,51027,136],{"class":98},[47,51029,51030],{"class":80}," 40",[47,51032,3828],{"class":98},[47,51034,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061,51063],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,51036,9359],{"class":53},[47,51038,58],{"class":57},[47,51040,10683],{"class":98},[47,51042,128],{"class":61},[47,51044,594],{"class":65},[47,51046,128],{"class":61},[47,51048,420],{"class":98},[47,51050,1545],{"class":80},[47,51052,136],{"class":98},[47,51054,62],{"class":61},[47,51056,4957],{"class":65},[47,51058,128],{"class":61},[47,51060,420],{"class":98},[47,51062,1562],{"class":80},[47,51064,9500],{"class":98},[47,51066,51067,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51081,51083],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,51068,4015],{"class":53},[47,51070,58],{"class":57},[47,51072,10683],{"class":98},[47,51074,232],{"class":80},[47,51076,136],{"class":98},[47,51078,398],{"class":80},[47,51080,136],{"class":98},[47,51082,6188],{"class":80},[47,51084,9500],{"class":98},[47,51086,51087],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,51088,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,51090,51091,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,51092,95],{"class":94},[47,51094,99],{"class":98},[47,51096,11355],{"class":94},[47,51098,99],{"class":98},[47,51100,103],{"class":102},[47,51102,5556],{"class":98},[47,51104,51105],{"class":3857},"     # 3\n",[47,51107,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,51109,95],{"class":94},[47,51111,99],{"class":98},[47,51113,11355],{"class":94},[47,51115,99],{"class":98},[47,51117,195],{"class":102},[47,51119,5556],{"class":98},[47,51121,51122],{"class":3857},"  # 4\n",[47,51124,51125,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,51126,95],{"class":94},[47,51128,99],{"class":98},[47,51130,11355],{"class":94},[47,51132,99],{"class":98},[47,51134,9396],{"class":102},[47,51136,5556],{"class":98},[47,51138,51139],{"class":3857},"     # 2\n",[47,51141,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,51143,95],{"class":94},[47,51145,99],{"class":98},[47,51147,11355],{"class":94},[47,51149,99],{"class":98},[47,51151,5553],{"class":102},[47,51153,5556],{"class":98},[47,51155,51156],{"class":3857},"   # 3\n",[20,51158,51159,51160,2390,51162,17268,51166,445],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[594,51161,597],{"href":596},[594,51163,51165],{"href":51164},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[594,51167,9349],{"href":9348},[33,51169,290],{"id":289},[20,51171,2360],{},[38,51173,51175],{"className":40,"code":51174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(object)\n",[15,51176,51177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51178,51179,51181,51183,51185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51180,11355],{"class":94},[47,51182,99],{"class":98},[47,51184,42588],{"class":1788},[47,51186,106],{"class":98},[20,51188,51189],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51191,51192],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[187,51194,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203],{},[190,51196,38099],{},[190,51198,38093],{},[190,51200,38096],{},[190,51202,38102],{},[190,51204,51205],{},"a dictionary",[20,51207,204],{},[38,51209,51211],{"className":40,"code":51210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51212,51213,51234,51258,51280],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51214,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51216,95],{"class":94},[47,51218,99],{"class":98},[47,51220,11355],{"class":94},[47,51222,99],{"class":98},[47,51224,128],{"class":61},[47,51226,42],{"class":65},[47,51228,128],{"class":61},[47,51230,5556],{"class":98},[47,51232,51233],{"class":3857},"      # 6\n",[47,51235,51236,51238,51240,51242,51244,51246,51248,51250,51252,51254,51256],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51237,95],{"class":94},[47,51239,99],{"class":98},[47,51241,11355],{"class":94},[47,51243,3178],{"class":98},[47,51245,1476],{"class":80},[47,51247,136],{"class":98},[47,51249,1562],{"class":80},[47,51251,136],{"class":98},[47,51253,249],{"class":80},[47,51255,4931],{"class":98},[47,51257,51105],{"class":3857},[47,51259,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274,51277],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,51261,95],{"class":94},[47,51263,99],{"class":98},[47,51265,11355],{"class":94},[47,51267,5705],{"class":98},[47,51269,582],{"class":80},[47,51271,136],{"class":98},[47,51273,7986],{"class":80},[47,51275,51276],{"class":98},")))",[47,51278,51279],{"class":3857},"      # 2\n",[47,51281,51282,51284,51286,51288,51290,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51303],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,51283,95],{"class":94},[47,51285,99],{"class":98},[47,51287,11355],{"class":94},[47,51289,5724],{"class":98},[47,51291,128],{"class":61},[47,51293,2374],{"class":65},[47,51295,128],{"class":61},[47,51297,420],{"class":98},[47,51299,1545],{"class":80},[47,51301,51302],{"class":98},"}))",[47,51304,51305],{"class":3857},"      # 1\n",[33,51307,51309],{"id":51308},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51311,51312,51313,51315],{},"When you use ",[15,51314,42550],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51317,51318],{},"That includes:",[187,51320,51321,51323,51325],{},[190,51322,36337],{},[190,51324,10644],{},[190,51326,51327],{},"punctuation",[20,51329,204],{},[38,51331,51333],{"className":40,"code":51332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51334,51335,51348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51336,51337,51339,51341,51343,51346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51338,34884],{"class":53},[47,51340,58],{"class":57},[47,51342,62],{"class":61},[47,51344,51345],{"class":65},"Hi there!",[47,51347,69],{"class":61},[47,51349,51350,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360,51362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51351,95],{"class":94},[47,51353,99],{"class":98},[47,51355,11355],{"class":94},[47,51357,99],{"class":98},[47,51359,192],{"class":102},[47,51361,5556],{"class":98},[47,51363,51364],{"class":3857},"  # 9\n",[20,51366,51367,51368,2009],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51369,2345],{},[187,51371,51372,51378,51382,51385],{},[190,51373,51374,51377],{},[15,51375,51376],{},"H"," = 1",[190,51379,51380,51377],{},[15,51381,36348],{},[190,51383,51384],{},"space = 1",[190,51386,51387,51390],{},[15,51388,51389],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51392,51393,51394],{},"Total: ",[15,51395,2345],{},[20,51397,51398,51399,420],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51400,2321],{},[38,51402,51404],{"className":40,"code":51403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51405,51406,51415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51407,51408,51411,51413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51409,51410],{"class":53},"empty_text ",[47,51412,58],{"class":57},[47,51414,8077],{"class":61},[47,51416,51417,51419,51421,51423,51425,51428,51430],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51418,95],{"class":94},[47,51420,99],{"class":98},[47,51422,11355],{"class":94},[47,51424,99],{"class":98},[47,51426,51427],{"class":102},"empty_text",[47,51429,5556],{"class":98},[47,51431,51432],{"class":3857},"  # 0\n",[20,51434,51435],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[38,51437,51439],{"className":40,"code":51438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51440,51441,51454,51458,51478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51442,51443,51446,51448,51450,51452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51444,51445],{"class":53},"user_name ",[47,51447,58],{"class":57},[47,51449,62],{"class":61},[47,51451,5201],{"class":65},[47,51453,69],{"class":61},[47,51455,51456],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51457,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,51459,51460,51462,51464,51466,51469,51471,51474,51476],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,51461,7192],{"class":1461},[47,51463,38578],{"class":94},[47,51465,99],{"class":98},[47,51467,51468],{"class":102},"user_name",[47,51470,3854],{"class":98},[47,51472,51473],{"class":57}," >=",[47,51475,249],{"class":80},[47,51477,6586],{"class":98},[47,51479,51480,51482,51484,51486,51489,51491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,51481,1499],{"class":94},[47,51483,99],{"class":98},[47,51485,128],{"class":61},[47,51487,51488],{"class":65},"Name is long enough",[47,51490,128],{"class":61},[47,51492,106],{"class":98},[33,51494,51496],{"id":51495},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51498,51499,51500,51502],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51501,42550],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51504,51505],{},"Example with a list:",[38,51507,51509],{"className":40,"code":51508,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51510,51511,51543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51512,51513,51515,51517,51519,51521,51523,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51539,51541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51514,13271],{"class":53},[47,51516,58],{"class":57},[47,51518,3815],{"class":98},[47,51520,128],{"class":61},[47,51522,876],{"class":65},[47,51524,128],{"class":61},[47,51526,136],{"class":98},[47,51528,62],{"class":61},[47,51530,885],{"class":65},[47,51532,128],{"class":61},[47,51534,136],{"class":98},[47,51536,62],{"class":61},[47,51538,894],{"class":65},[47,51540,128],{"class":61},[47,51542,3828],{"class":98},[47,51544,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553,51555,51557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51546,95],{"class":94},[47,51548,99],{"class":98},[47,51550,11355],{"class":94},[47,51552,99],{"class":98},[47,51554,17698],{"class":102},[47,51556,5556],{"class":98},[47,51558,50957],{"class":3857},[20,51560,38108],{},[38,51562,51564],{"className":40,"code":51563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51565,51566,51583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51567,51568,51571,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51569,51570],{"class":53},"point ",[47,51572,58],{"class":57},[47,51574,9428],{"class":98},[47,51576,582],{"class":80},[47,51578,136],{"class":98},[47,51580,7986],{"class":80},[47,51582,106],{"class":98},[47,51584,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593,51596,51598],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51586,95],{"class":94},[47,51588,99],{"class":98},[47,51590,11355],{"class":94},[47,51592,99],{"class":98},[47,51594,51595],{"class":102},"point",[47,51597,5556],{"class":98},[47,51599,51600],{"class":3857},"  # 2\n",[20,51602,51603],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[38,51605,51607],{"className":40,"code":51606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51608,51609,51633,51637,51655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51610,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51612,7975],{"class":53},[47,51614,58],{"class":57},[47,51616,3815],{"class":98},[47,51618,128],{"class":61},[47,51620,4272],{"class":65},[47,51622,128],{"class":61},[47,51624,136],{"class":98},[47,51626,62],{"class":61},[47,51628,4281],{"class":65},[47,51630,128],{"class":61},[47,51632,3828],{"class":98},[47,51634,51635],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51636,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,51638,51639,51641,51643,51645,51647,51649,51651,51653],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,51640,7192],{"class":1461},[47,51642,38578],{"class":94},[47,51644,99],{"class":98},[47,51646,8006],{"class":102},[47,51648,3854],{"class":98},[47,51650,38588],{"class":57},[47,51652,1545],{"class":80},[47,51654,6586],{"class":98},[47,51656,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,51658,1499],{"class":94},[47,51660,99],{"class":98},[47,51662,8006],{"class":102},[47,51664,4092],{"class":98},[47,51666,1476],{"class":80},[47,51668,20643],{"class":98},[47,51670,51671],{"class":3857},"  # banana\n",[20,51673,51674],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[38,51676,51678],{"className":40,"code":51677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51679,51680,51703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51681,51682,51684,51686,51688,51691,51693,51696,51698,51701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51683,5261],{"class":53},[47,51685,58],{"class":57},[47,51687,3815],{"class":98},[47,51689,51690],{"class":80},"88",[47,51692,136],{"class":98},[47,51694,51695],{"class":80}," 91",[47,51697,136],{"class":98},[47,51699,51700],{"class":80}," 75",[47,51702,3828],{"class":98},[47,51704,51705,51707,51709,51711,51714,51716,51718,51720,51722,51724],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51706,95],{"class":94},[47,51708,99],{"class":98},[47,51710,128],{"class":61},[47,51712,51713],{"class":65},"Number of scores:",[47,51715,128],{"class":61},[47,51717,136],{"class":98},[47,51719,38578],{"class":94},[47,51721,99],{"class":98},[47,51723,16584],{"class":102},[47,51725,1796],{"class":98},[20,51727,51728,51729,445],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[594,51730,51732],{"href":51731},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[33,51734,51736],{"id":51735},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51738,51739,51740,51742],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51741,42550],{}," counts keys.",[38,51744,51746],{"className":40,"code":51745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51747,51748,51756,51774,51788,51804,51808,51812],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51749,51750,51752,51754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51751,13058],{"class":53},[47,51753,58],{"class":57},[47,51755,11688],{"class":98},[47,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768,51770,51772],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51759,11693],{"class":61},[47,51761,103],{"class":65},[47,51763,128],{"class":61},[47,51765,420],{"class":98},[47,51767,62],{"class":61},[47,51769,66],{"class":65},[47,51771,128],{"class":61},[47,51773,11709],{"class":98},[47,51775,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,51777,11693],{"class":61},[47,51779,116],{"class":65},[47,51781,128],{"class":61},[47,51783,420],{"class":98},[47,51785,31141],{"class":80},[47,51787,11709],{"class":98},[47,51789,51790,51792,51794,51796,51798,51800,51802],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,51791,11693],{"class":61},[47,51793,20088],{"class":65},[47,51795,128],{"class":61},[47,51797,420],{"class":98},[47,51799,62],{"class":61},[47,51801,22442],{"class":65},[47,51803,69],{"class":61},[47,51805,51806],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,51807,9500],{"class":98},[47,51809,51810],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,51811,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,51813,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822,51824,51826],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,51815,95],{"class":94},[47,51817,99],{"class":98},[47,51819,11355],{"class":94},[47,51821,99],{"class":98},[47,51823,13820],{"class":102},[47,51825,5556],{"class":98},[47,51827,50957],{"class":3857},[20,51829,51830,51831,51833],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51832,42550],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51835,51836,51837,51839],{},"For sets, ",[15,51838,42550],{}," counts unique items:",[38,51841,51843],{"className":40,"code":51842,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51844,51845,51873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51846,51847,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51848,3810],{"class":53},[47,51850,58],{"class":57},[47,51852,10683],{"class":98},[47,51854,1476],{"class":80},[47,51856,136],{"class":98},[47,51858,1562],{"class":80},[47,51860,136],{"class":98},[47,51862,249],{"class":80},[47,51864,136],{"class":98},[47,51866,249],{"class":80},[47,51868,136],{"class":98},[47,51870,1562],{"class":80},[47,51872,9500],{"class":98},[47,51874,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883,51885,51887],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51876,95],{"class":94},[47,51878,99],{"class":98},[47,51880,11355],{"class":94},[47,51882,99],{"class":98},[47,51884,195],{"class":102},[47,51886,5556],{"class":98},[47,51888,50957],{"class":3857},[20,51890,51891],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51893,51894],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[38,51896,51898],{"className":40,"code":51897,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51899,51900,51908,51912,51930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51901,51902,51904,51906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51903,9359],{"class":53},[47,51905,58],{"class":57},[47,51907,10030],{"class":98},[47,51909,51910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51911,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,51913,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926,51928],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,51915,7192],{"class":1461},[47,51917,38578],{"class":94},[47,51919,99],{"class":98},[47,51921,9396],{"class":102},[47,51923,3854],{"class":98},[47,51925,6601],{"class":57},[47,51927,4026],{"class":80},[47,51929,6586],{"class":98},[47,51931,51932,51934,51936,51938,51941,51943],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,51933,1499],{"class":94},[47,51935,99],{"class":98},[47,51937,128],{"class":61},[47,51939,51940],{"class":65},"The dictionary is empty",[47,51942,128],{"class":61},[47,51944,106],{"class":98},[33,51946,41236],{"id":41235},[20,51948,51949,51950,445],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51951,42550],{},[447,51953,51955],{"id":51954},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[38,51957,51959],{"className":40,"code":51958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51960,51961,51969,51973,51991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,51962,51963,51965,51967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,51964,7975],{"class":53},[47,51966,58],{"class":57},[47,51968,8035],{"class":98},[47,51970,51971],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,51972,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,51974,51975,51977,51979,51981,51983,51985,51987,51989],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,51976,7192],{"class":1461},[47,51978,38578],{"class":94},[47,51980,99],{"class":98},[47,51982,8006],{"class":102},[47,51984,3854],{"class":98},[47,51986,6601],{"class":57},[47,51988,4026],{"class":80},[47,51990,6586],{"class":98},[47,51992,51993,51995,51997,51999,52002,52004],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,51994,1499],{"class":94},[47,51996,99],{"class":98},[47,51998,128],{"class":61},[47,52000,52001],{"class":65},"The list is empty",[47,52003,128],{"class":61},[47,52005,106],{"class":98},[447,52007,52009],{"id":52008},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[38,52011,52013],{"className":40,"code":52012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52014,52015,52034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52016,52017,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52030,52032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52018,6348],{"class":53},[47,52020,58],{"class":57},[47,52022,8436],{"class":94},[47,52024,99],{"class":98},[47,52026,128],{"class":61},[47,52028,52029],{"class":65},"Enter a word: ",[47,52031,128],{"class":61},[47,52033,106],{"class":98},[47,52035,52036,52038,52040,52042,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52037,95],{"class":94},[47,52039,99],{"class":98},[47,52041,128],{"class":61},[47,52043,52044],{"class":65},"Number of characters:",[47,52046,128],{"class":61},[47,52048,136],{"class":98},[47,52050,38578],{"class":94},[47,52052,99],{"class":98},[47,52054,38583],{"class":102},[47,52056,1796],{"class":98},[447,52058,52060],{"id":52059},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[38,52062,52064],{"className":40,"code":52063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52065,52066,52080,52084,52102,52117,52123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52067,52068,52071,52073,52075,52078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52069,52070],{"class":53},"password ",[47,52072,58],{"class":57},[47,52074,62],{"class":61},[47,52076,52077],{"class":65},"secret123",[47,52079,69],{"class":61},[47,52081,52082],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52083,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,52085,52086,52088,52090,52092,52094,52096,52098,52100],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,52087,7192],{"class":1461},[47,52089,38578],{"class":94},[47,52091,99],{"class":98},[47,52093,17817],{"class":102},[47,52095,3854],{"class":98},[47,52097,51473],{"class":57},[47,52099,6553],{"class":80},[47,52101,6586],{"class":98},[47,52103,52104,52106,52108,52110,52113,52115],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,52105,1499],{"class":94},[47,52107,99],{"class":98},[47,52109,128],{"class":61},[47,52111,52112],{"class":65},"Password length is valid",[47,52114,128],{"class":61},[47,52116,106],{"class":98},[47,52118,52119,52121],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,52120,27633],{"class":1461},[47,52122,6586],{"class":98},[47,52124,52125,52127,52129,52131,52134,52136],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,52126,1499],{"class":94},[47,52128,99],{"class":98},[47,52130,128],{"class":61},[47,52132,52133],{"class":65},"Password is too short",[47,52135,128],{"class":61},[47,52137,106],{"class":98},[447,52139,52141],{"id":52140},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[38,52143,52145],{"className":40,"code":52144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52146,52147,52183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52148,52149,52152,52154,52156,52158,52161,52163,52165,52167,52170,52172,52174,52176,52179,52181],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52150,52151],{"class":53},"results ",[47,52153,58],{"class":57},[47,52155,3815],{"class":98},[47,52157,128],{"class":61},[47,52159,52160],{"class":65},"item1",[47,52162,128],{"class":61},[47,52164,136],{"class":98},[47,52166,62],{"class":61},[47,52168,52169],{"class":65},"item2",[47,52171,128],{"class":61},[47,52173,136],{"class":98},[47,52175,62],{"class":61},[47,52177,52178],{"class":65},"item3",[47,52180,128],{"class":61},[47,52182,3828],{"class":98},[47,52184,52185,52187,52189,52191,52194,52196,52198,52200,52202,52205],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52186,95],{"class":94},[47,52188,99],{"class":98},[47,52190,128],{"class":61},[47,52192,52193],{"class":65},"Items found:",[47,52195,128],{"class":61},[47,52197,136],{"class":98},[47,52199,38578],{"class":94},[47,52201,99],{"class":98},[47,52203,52204],{"class":102},"results",[47,52206,1796],{"class":98},[20,52208,52209],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[33,52211,52213],{"id":52212},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52215,52216,52218],{},[15,52217,42550],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52220,52221,52222,420],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52223,1707],{},[187,52225,52226,52229,52232],{},[190,52227,52228],{},"plain integers",[190,52230,52231],{},"floats",[190,52233,52234],{},[15,52235,285],{},[20,52237,204],{},[38,52239,52241],{"className":40,"code":52240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52242,52243],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52244,52245,52247,52249,52251,52253,52255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52246,95],{"class":94},[47,52248,99],{"class":98},[47,52250,11355],{"class":94},[47,52252,99],{"class":98},[47,52254,232],{"class":80},[47,52256,1796],{"class":98},[20,52258,52259,52260,52262],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52261,232],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52264,52265],{},"Another example:",[38,52267,52269],{"className":40,"code":52268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52270,52271],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52272,52273,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52274,95],{"class":94},[47,52276,99],{"class":98},[47,52278,11355],{"class":94},[47,52280,99],{"class":98},[47,52282,518],{"class":80},[47,52284,1796],{"class":98},[20,52286,52287,52288,420],{},"And with ",[15,52289,285],{},[38,52291,52293],{"className":40,"code":52292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52294,52295,52303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52296,52297,52299,52301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52298,2644],{"class":53},[47,52300,58],{"class":57},[47,52302,48714],{"class":1334},[47,52304,52305,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52306,95],{"class":94},[47,52308,99],{"class":98},[47,52310,11355],{"class":94},[47,52312,99],{"class":98},[47,52314,2668],{"class":102},[47,52316,1796],{"class":98},[20,52318,52319,52320,445],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[594,52321,52323],{"href":52322},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[33,52325,52327],{"id":52326},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52329,52330,52331,52333],{},"Before using ",[15,52332,42550],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52335,52336],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[38,52338,52340],{"className":40,"code":52339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52341,52342,52350,52354,52364,52378,52396,52414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52343,52344,52346,52348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52345,2644],{"class":53},[47,52347,58],{"class":57},[47,52349,48714],{"class":1334},[47,52351,52352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52353,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,52355,52356,52358,52360,52362],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,52357,95],{"class":94},[47,52359,99],{"class":98},[47,52361,2668],{"class":102},[47,52363,106],{"class":98},[47,52365,52366,52368,52370,52372,52374,52376],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,52367,95],{"class":94},[47,52369,99],{"class":98},[47,52371,1922],{"class":1788},[47,52373,99],{"class":98},[47,52375,2668],{"class":102},[47,52377,1796],{"class":98},[47,52379,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390,52392,52394],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,52381,95],{"class":94},[47,52383,99],{"class":98},[47,52385,49062],{"class":94},[47,52387,99],{"class":98},[47,52389,2668],{"class":102},[47,52391,136],{"class":98},[47,52393,1789],{"class":1788},[47,52395,1796],{"class":98},[47,52397,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410,52412],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,52399,95],{"class":94},[47,52401,99],{"class":98},[47,52403,49062],{"class":94},[47,52405,99],{"class":98},[47,52407,2668],{"class":102},[47,52409,136],{"class":98},[47,52411,22757],{"class":1788},[47,52413,1796],{"class":98},[47,52415,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428,52430],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,52417,95],{"class":94},[47,52419,99],{"class":98},[47,52421,49062],{"class":94},[47,52423,99],{"class":98},[47,52425,2668],{"class":102},[47,52427,136],{"class":98},[47,52429,9364],{"class":1788},[47,52431,1796],{"class":98},[20,52433,52434],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52436,52437],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[38,52439,52441],{"className":40,"code":52440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52442,52443,52455,52459,52473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52444,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52446,2644],{"class":53},[47,52448,58],{"class":57},[47,52450,62],{"class":61},[47,52452,4038],{"class":65},[47,52454,69],{"class":61},[47,52456,52457],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52458,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,52460,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,52462,7192],{"class":1461},[47,52464,21782],{"class":53},[47,52466,12388],{"class":57},[47,52468,8294],{"class":57},[47,52470,4045],{"class":1334},[47,52472,6586],{"class":98},[47,52474,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,52476,1499],{"class":94},[47,52478,99],{"class":98},[47,52480,11355],{"class":94},[47,52482,99],{"class":98},[47,52484,2668],{"class":102},[47,52486,1796],{"class":98},[20,52488,52489,52490,445],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[594,52491,8635],{"href":2497},[33,52493,1595],{"id":1594},[20,52495,23292,52496,420],{},[15,52497,42550],{},[187,52499,52500,52508,52516,52524,52530],{},[190,52501,1654,52502,52504,52505],{},[15,52503,42550],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52506,52507],{},"len(5)",[190,52509,1654,52510,52512,52513],{},[15,52511,42550],{}," on a float like ",[15,52514,52515],{},"len(3.14)",[190,52517,1654,52518,52520,52521,52523],{},[15,52519,42550],{}," on ",[15,52522,285],{}," after a function returns nothing",[190,52525,4774,52526,52529],{},[15,52527,52528],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[190,52531,52532],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52534,52535],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[38,52537,52539],{"className":40,"code":52538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52540,52541,52577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52542,52543,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553,52555,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569,52571,52573,52575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52544,13398],{"class":53},[47,52546,58],{"class":57},[47,52548,10683],{"class":98},[47,52550,128],{"class":61},[47,52552,103],{"class":65},[47,52554,128],{"class":61},[47,52556,420],{"class":98},[47,52558,62],{"class":61},[47,52560,13075],{"class":65},[47,52562,128],{"class":61},[47,52564,136],{"class":98},[47,52566,62],{"class":61},[47,52568,116],{"class":65},[47,52570,128],{"class":61},[47,52572,420],{"class":98},[47,52574,7986],{"class":80},[47,52576,9500],{"class":98},[47,52578,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52589,52591],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52580,95],{"class":94},[47,52582,99],{"class":98},[47,52584,11355],{"class":94},[47,52586,99],{"class":98},[47,52588,17503],{"class":102},[47,52590,5556],{"class":98},[47,52592,51600],{"class":3857},[20,52594,37787,52595,52597,52598,839,52600,445],{},[15,52596,243],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52599,15434],{},[15,52601,52602],{},"\"age\"",[20,52604,52605],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[38,52607,52609],{"className":40,"code":52608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52610,52611,52624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52612,52613,52615,52617,52619,52622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52614,34884],{"class":53},[47,52616,58],{"class":57},[47,52618,62],{"class":61},[47,52620,52621],{"class":65},"a b",[47,52623,69],{"class":61},[47,52625,52626,52628,52630,52632,52634,52636,52638],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52627,95],{"class":94},[47,52629,99],{"class":98},[47,52631,11355],{"class":94},[47,52633,99],{"class":98},[47,52635,192],{"class":102},[47,52637,5556],{"class":98},[47,52639,50957],{"class":3857},[20,52641,52642],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[33,52644,1969],{"id":1968},[447,52646,52648],{"id":52647},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52650,52651],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[447,52653,52655],{"id":52654},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52657,52658],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[447,52660,52662],{"id":52661},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52664,52665],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[447,52667,52669],{"id":52668},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52671,52672,52673,52675,52676,3072,52678,52680,52681,445],{},"No. Using ",[15,52674,42550],{}," on an ",[15,52677,2389],{},[15,52679,2393],{}," raises a ",[15,52682,1707],{},[447,52684,52686],{"id":52685},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52688,7958,52689,445],{},[15,52690,52691],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52693,204],{},[38,52695,52697],{"className":40,"code":52696,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52698,52699,52707,52711,52729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52700,52701,52703,52705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52702,8502],{"class":53},[47,52704,58],{"class":57},[47,52706,8035],{"class":98},[47,52708,52709],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52710,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,52712,52713,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,52714,7192],{"class":1461},[47,52716,38578],{"class":94},[47,52718,99],{"class":98},[47,52720,8533],{"class":102},[47,52722,3854],{"class":98},[47,52724,6601],{"class":57},[47,52726,4026],{"class":80},[47,52728,6586],{"class":98},[47,52730,52731,52733,52735,52737,52740,52742],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,52732,1499],{"class":94},[47,52734,99],{"class":98},[47,52736,128],{"class":61},[47,52738,52739],{"class":65},"Empty list",[47,52741,128],{"class":61},[47,52743,106],{"class":98},[20,52745,52746,52747,52749,52750,52752,52753,52755],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52748,3868],{}," in an ",[15,52751,7192],{}," statement, but ",[15,52754,42550],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[33,52757,2075],{"id":2074},[187,52759,52760,52764,52768,52772,52777,52781,52787],{},[190,52761,52762],{},[594,52763,597],{"href":596},[190,52765,52766],{},[594,52767,51165],{"href":51164},[190,52769,52770],{},[594,52771,9349],{"href":9348},[190,52773,52774],{},[594,52775,52776],{"href":51731},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[190,52778,52779],{},[594,52780,8635],{"href":2497},[190,52782,52783],{},[594,52784,52786],{"href":52785},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[190,52788,52789],{},[594,52790,52791],{"href":52322},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2110,52793,52794],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":52796},[52797,52798,52799,52800,52801,52802,52803,52809,52810,52811,52812,52819],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":50965,"depth":72,"text":50966},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":51308,"depth":72,"text":51309},{"id":51495,"depth":72,"text":51496},{"id":51735,"depth":72,"text":51736},{"id":41235,"depth":72,"text":41236,"children":52804},[52805,52806,52807,52808],{"id":51954,"depth":84,"text":51955},{"id":52008,"depth":84,"text":52009},{"id":52059,"depth":84,"text":52060},{"id":52140,"depth":84,"text":52141},{"id":52212,"depth":72,"text":52213},{"id":52326,"depth":72,"text":52327},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":52813},[52814,52815,52816,52817,52818],{"id":52647,"depth":84,"text":52648},{"id":52654,"depth":84,"text":52655},{"id":52661,"depth":84,"text":52662},{"id":52668,"depth":84,"text":52669},{"id":52685,"depth":84,"text":52686},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50848,"description":52820},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52827,"title":52828,"body":52829,"description":54512,"extension":2167,"meta":54513,"navigation":87,"path":54514,"seo":54515,"stem":54516,"__hash__":54517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52830,"toc":54485},[52831,52834,52847,52853,52855,52909,52914,52918,52934,52937,52951,52957,52959,52962,52981,52997,52999,53075,53077,53114,53125,53127,53130,53191,53193,53226,53229,53235,53239,53242,53367,53369,53428,53436,53489,53491,53518,53524,53534,53538,53541,53546,53598,53600,53626,53632,53686,53688,53713,53716,53740,53746,53748,53752,53754,53811,53813,53821,53823,53845,53847,53900,53902,53926,53930,53932,53971,53973,53981,53987,53991,54043,54045,54071,54079,54083,54088,54097,54099,54165,54167,54199,54203,54208,54210,54224,54227,54299,54301,54327,54329,54333,54340,54344,54351,54355,54358,54360,54413,54415,54441,54445,54454,54456,54482],[10,52832,52828],{"id":52833},"python-list-append-method",[20,52835,850,52836,52839,52840,52843,52844,52846],{},[15,52837,52838],{},"append()"," method adds ",[280,52841,52842],{},"one item"," to the ",[280,52845,820],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52848,52849,52850,52852],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[280,52851,4826],{}," create a new list.",[33,52854,3800],{"id":3799},[38,52856,52858],{"className":40,"code":52857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52859,52860,52880,52894,52904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52861,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52863,3810],{"class":53},[47,52865,58],{"class":57},[47,52867,3815],{"class":98},[47,52869,1476],{"class":80},[47,52871,136],{"class":98},[47,52873,1562],{"class":80},[47,52875,136],{"class":98},[47,52877,249],{"class":80},[47,52879,3828],{"class":98},[47,52881,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,52883,195],{"class":53},[47,52885,445],{"class":98},[47,52887,13747],{"class":102},[47,52889,99],{"class":98},[47,52891,2700],{"class":80},[47,52893,106],{"class":98},[47,52895,52896,52898,52900,52902],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,52897,95],{"class":94},[47,52899,99],{"class":98},[47,52901,195],{"class":102},[47,52903,106],{"class":98},[47,52905,52906],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,52907,52908],{"class":3857},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52910,167,52911,52913],{},[15,52912,52838],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[33,52915,52917],{"id":52916},"what-append-does","What append() does",[187,52919,52920,52925,52928,52931],{},[190,52921,52922,52924],{},[15,52923,52838],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[190,52926,52927],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[190,52929,52930],{},"It does not create a new list",[190,52932,52933],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52935,52936],{},"This means you can append:",[187,52938,52939,52941,52943,52945,52947,52949],{},[190,52940,195],{},[190,52942,5503],{},[190,52944,40784],{},[190,52946,5494],{},[190,52948,7446],{},[190,52950,34858],{},[20,52952,52953,52954,445],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[594,52955,52956],{"href":51164},"Python lists explained for beginners",[33,52958,5626],{"id":5625},[20,52960,52961],{},"Basic form:",[38,52963,52965],{"className":40,"code":52964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52966,52967],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,52968,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,52970,8533],{"class":53},[47,52972,445],{"class":98},[47,52974,13747],{"class":102},[47,52976,99],{"class":98},[47,52978,23508],{"class":102},[47,52980,106],{"class":98},[187,52982,52983,52988,52993],{},[190,52984,52985,52987],{},[15,52986,8533],{}," is the list you want to change",[190,52989,52990,52992],{},[15,52991,23508],{}," is the value or object to add",[190,52994,12106,52995],{},[15,52996,285],{},[20,52998,204],{},[38,53000,53002],{"className":40,"code":53001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53003,53004,53028,53051,53055,53065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53005,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53007,36433],{"class":53},[47,53009,58],{"class":57},[47,53011,3815],{"class":98},[47,53013,128],{"class":61},[47,53015,4272],{"class":65},[47,53017,128],{"class":61},[47,53019,136],{"class":98},[47,53021,62],{"class":61},[47,53023,4281],{"class":65},[47,53025,128],{"class":61},[47,53027,3828],{"class":98},[47,53029,53030,53032,53034,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53031,1290],{"class":53},[47,53033,58],{"class":57},[47,53035,53036],{"class":53}," fruits",[47,53038,445],{"class":98},[47,53040,13747],{"class":102},[47,53042,99],{"class":98},[47,53044,128],{"class":61},[47,53046,33418],{"class":65},[47,53048,128],{"class":61},[47,53050,106],{"class":98},[47,53052,53053],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53054,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53056,53057,53059,53061,53063],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53058,95],{"class":94},[47,53060,99],{"class":98},[47,53062,36485],{"class":102},[47,53064,106],{"class":98},[47,53066,53067,53069,53071,53073],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,53068,95],{"class":94},[47,53070,99],{"class":98},[47,53072,1315],{"class":102},[47,53074,106],{"class":98},[20,53076,144],{},[38,53078,53080],{"className":40,"code":53079,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53081,53082,53110],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53083,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53085,4092],{"class":98},[47,53087,3493],{"class":61},[47,53089,4272],{"class":65},[47,53091,3493],{"class":61},[47,53093,136],{"class":98},[47,53095,3488],{"class":61},[47,53097,4281],{"class":65},[47,53099,3493],{"class":61},[47,53101,136],{"class":98},[47,53103,3488],{"class":61},[47,53105,33418],{"class":65},[47,53107,3493],{"class":61},[47,53109,3828],{"class":98},[47,53111,53112],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53113,1335],{"class":1334},[20,53115,53116,53117,53119,53120,53122,53123,445],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53118,52838],{}," updates ",[15,53121,36485],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53124,285],{},[33,53126,11670],{"id":11669},[20,53128,53129],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[38,53131,53133],{"className":40,"code":53132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53134,53135,53159,53177,53181],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53136,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53138,13271],{"class":53},[47,53140,58],{"class":57},[47,53142,3815],{"class":98},[47,53144,128],{"class":61},[47,53146,876],{"class":65},[47,53148,128],{"class":61},[47,53150,136],{"class":98},[47,53152,62],{"class":61},[47,53154,894],{"class":65},[47,53156,128],{"class":61},[47,53158,3828],{"class":98},[47,53160,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53162,17698],{"class":53},[47,53164,445],{"class":98},[47,53166,13747],{"class":102},[47,53168,99],{"class":98},[47,53170,128],{"class":61},[47,53172,885],{"class":65},[47,53174,128],{"class":61},[47,53176,106],{"class":98},[47,53178,53179],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53180,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53182,53183,53185,53187,53189],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53184,95],{"class":94},[47,53186,99],{"class":98},[47,53188,17698],{"class":102},[47,53190,106],{"class":98},[20,53192,144],{},[38,53194,53196],{"className":40,"code":53195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53197,53198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53199,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53201,4092],{"class":98},[47,53203,3493],{"class":61},[47,53205,876],{"class":65},[47,53207,3493],{"class":61},[47,53209,136],{"class":98},[47,53211,3488],{"class":61},[47,53213,894],{"class":65},[47,53215,3493],{"class":61},[47,53217,136],{"class":98},[47,53219,3488],{"class":61},[47,53221,885],{"class":65},[47,53223,3493],{"class":61},[47,53225,3828],{"class":98},[20,53227,53228],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53230,31281,53231,445],{},[594,53232,53234],{"href":53233},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53236,53238],{"id":53237},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53240,53241],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[38,53243,53245],{"className":40,"code":53244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53246,53247,53255,53259,53273,53291,53305,53331,53353,53357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53248,53249,53251,53253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53250,7975],{"class":53},[47,53252,58],{"class":57},[47,53254,8035],{"class":98},[47,53256,53257],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53258,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53260,53261,53263,53265,53267,53269,53271],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53262,8006],{"class":53},[47,53264,445],{"class":98},[47,53266,13747],{"class":102},[47,53268,99],{"class":98},[47,53270,582],{"class":80},[47,53272,106],{"class":98},[47,53274,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53276,8006],{"class":53},[47,53278,445],{"class":98},[47,53280,13747],{"class":102},[47,53282,99],{"class":98},[47,53284,128],{"class":61},[47,53286,4038],{"class":65},[47,53288,128],{"class":61},[47,53290,106],{"class":98},[47,53292,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,53294,8006],{"class":53},[47,53296,445],{"class":98},[47,53298,13747],{"class":102},[47,53300,99],{"class":98},[47,53302,3795],{"class":1334},[47,53304,106],{"class":98},[47,53306,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,53308,8006],{"class":53},[47,53310,445],{"class":98},[47,53312,13747],{"class":102},[47,53314,5724],{"class":98},[47,53316,128],{"class":61},[47,53318,103],{"class":65},[47,53320,128],{"class":61},[47,53322,420],{"class":98},[47,53324,62],{"class":61},[47,53326,7872],{"class":65},[47,53328,128],{"class":61},[47,53330,30695],{"class":98},[47,53332,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,53334,8006],{"class":53},[47,53336,445],{"class":98},[47,53338,13747],{"class":102},[47,53340,3178],{"class":98},[47,53342,1476],{"class":80},[47,53344,136],{"class":98},[47,53346,1562],{"class":80},[47,53348,136],{"class":98},[47,53350,249],{"class":80},[47,53352,4080],{"class":98},[47,53354,53355],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,53356,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53358,53359,53361,53363,53365],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,53360,95],{"class":94},[47,53362,99],{"class":98},[47,53364,8006],{"class":102},[47,53366,106],{"class":98},[20,53368,144],{},[38,53370,53372],{"className":40,"code":53371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53373,53374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53375,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410,53413,53415,53417,53419,53421,53423,53425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53377,4092],{"class":98},[47,53379,582],{"class":80},[47,53381,136],{"class":98},[47,53383,3488],{"class":61},[47,53385,4038],{"class":65},[47,53387,3493],{"class":61},[47,53389,136],{"class":98},[47,53391,4108],{"class":1334},[47,53393,136],{"class":98},[47,53395,10683],{"class":98},[47,53397,3493],{"class":61},[47,53399,103],{"class":65},[47,53401,3493],{"class":61},[47,53403,420],{"class":98},[47,53405,3488],{"class":61},[47,53407,7872],{"class":65},[47,53409,3493],{"class":61},[47,53411,53412],{"class":98},"},",[47,53414,3815],{"class":98},[47,53416,1476],{"class":80},[47,53418,136],{"class":98},[47,53420,1562],{"class":80},[47,53422,136],{"class":98},[47,53424,249],{"class":80},[47,53426,53427],{"class":98},"]]\n",[20,53429,53430,53431,42345,53433,445],{},"A list added with ",[15,53432,52838],{},[280,53434,53435],{},"one single item",[38,53437,53439],{"className":40,"code":53438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53440,53441,53457,53475,53479],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53442,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53444,3810],{"class":53},[47,53446,58],{"class":57},[47,53448,3815],{"class":98},[47,53450,1476],{"class":80},[47,53452,136],{"class":98},[47,53454,1562],{"class":80},[47,53456,3828],{"class":98},[47,53458,53459,53461,53463,53465,53467,53469,53471,53473],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53460,195],{"class":53},[47,53462,445],{"class":98},[47,53464,13747],{"class":102},[47,53466,3178],{"class":98},[47,53468,2263],{"class":80},[47,53470,136],{"class":98},[47,53472,393],{"class":80},[47,53474,4080],{"class":98},[47,53476,53477],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53478,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53480,53481,53483,53485,53487],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53482,95],{"class":94},[47,53484,99],{"class":98},[47,53486,195],{"class":102},[47,53488,106],{"class":98},[20,53490,144],{},[38,53492,53494],{"className":40,"code":53493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53495,53496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53497,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53499,4092],{"class":98},[47,53501,1476],{"class":80},[47,53503,136],{"class":98},[47,53505,1562],{"class":80},[47,53507,136],{"class":98},[47,53509,3815],{"class":98},[47,53511,2263],{"class":80},[47,53513,136],{"class":98},[47,53515,393],{"class":80},[47,53517,53427],{"class":98},[20,53519,2484,53520,53523],{},[15,53521,53522],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53525,53526,53527,53533],{},"This is different from ",[594,53528,53530],{"href":53529},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53531,53532],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[33,53535,53537],{"id":53536},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53539,53540],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[447,53542,1654,53544],{"id":53543},"using-append",[15,53545,52838],{},[38,53547,53548],{"className":40,"code":53438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53549,53550,53566,53584,53588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53551,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53553,3810],{"class":53},[47,53555,58],{"class":57},[47,53557,3815],{"class":98},[47,53559,1476],{"class":80},[47,53561,136],{"class":98},[47,53563,1562],{"class":80},[47,53565,3828],{"class":98},[47,53567,53568,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580,53582],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53569,195],{"class":53},[47,53571,445],{"class":98},[47,53573,13747],{"class":102},[47,53575,3178],{"class":98},[47,53577,2263],{"class":80},[47,53579,136],{"class":98},[47,53581,393],{"class":80},[47,53583,4080],{"class":98},[47,53585,53586],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53587,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53589,53590,53592,53594,53596],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53591,95],{"class":94},[47,53593,99],{"class":98},[47,53595,195],{"class":102},[47,53597,106],{"class":98},[20,53599,144],{},[38,53601,53602],{"className":40,"code":53493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53603,53604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53605,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616,53618,53620,53622,53624],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53607,4092],{"class":98},[47,53609,1476],{"class":80},[47,53611,136],{"class":98},[47,53613,1562],{"class":80},[47,53615,136],{"class":98},[47,53617,3815],{"class":98},[47,53619,2263],{"class":80},[47,53621,136],{"class":98},[47,53623,393],{"class":80},[47,53625,53427],{"class":98},[447,53627,1654,53629],{"id":53628},"using-extend",[15,53630,53631],{},"extend()",[38,53633,53635],{"className":40,"code":53634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53636,53637,53653,53672,53676],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53638,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649,53651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53640,3810],{"class":53},[47,53642,58],{"class":57},[47,53644,3815],{"class":98},[47,53646,1476],{"class":80},[47,53648,136],{"class":98},[47,53650,1562],{"class":80},[47,53652,3828],{"class":98},[47,53654,53655,53657,53659,53662,53664,53666,53668,53670],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53656,195],{"class":53},[47,53658,445],{"class":98},[47,53660,53661],{"class":102},"extend",[47,53663,3178],{"class":98},[47,53665,2263],{"class":80},[47,53667,136],{"class":98},[47,53669,393],{"class":80},[47,53671,4080],{"class":98},[47,53673,53674],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53675,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53677,53678,53680,53682,53684],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53679,95],{"class":94},[47,53681,99],{"class":98},[47,53683,195],{"class":102},[47,53685,106],{"class":98},[20,53687,144],{},[38,53689,53691],{"className":40,"code":53690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53692,53693],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53694,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703,53705,53707,53709,53711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53696,4092],{"class":98},[47,53698,1476],{"class":80},[47,53700,136],{"class":98},[47,53702,1562],{"class":80},[47,53704,136],{"class":98},[47,53706,249],{"class":80},[47,53708,136],{"class":98},[47,53710,393],{"class":80},[47,53712,3828],{"class":98},[20,53714,53715],{},"The difference:",[187,53717,53718,53724,53730,53735],{},[190,53719,53720,53723],{},[15,53721,53722],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[190,53725,53726,53729],{},[15,53727,53728],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[190,53731,167,53732,53734],{},[15,53733,52838],{}," for one item",[190,53736,167,53737,53739],{},[15,53738,53631],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53741,53742,53743,445],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[594,53744,53745],{"href":53529},"Python list extend() method",[33,53747,4713],{"id":4712},[447,53749,53751],{"id":53750},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53753,25889],{},[38,53755,53757],{"className":40,"code":53756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53758,53759,53779,53797,53801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53760,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769,53771,53773,53775,53777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53762,7975],{"class":53},[47,53764,58],{"class":57},[47,53766,3815],{"class":98},[47,53768,1476],{"class":80},[47,53770,136],{"class":98},[47,53772,1562],{"class":80},[47,53774,136],{"class":98},[47,53776,249],{"class":80},[47,53778,3828],{"class":98},[47,53780,53781,53783,53785,53787,53789,53791,53793,53795],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53782,7975],{"class":53},[47,53784,58],{"class":57},[47,53786,6160],{"class":53},[47,53788,445],{"class":98},[47,53790,13747],{"class":102},[47,53792,99],{"class":98},[47,53794,2700],{"class":80},[47,53796,106],{"class":98},[47,53798,53799],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53800,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53802,53803,53805,53807,53809],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53804,95],{"class":94},[47,53806,99],{"class":98},[47,53808,8006],{"class":102},[47,53810,106],{"class":98},[20,53812,144],{},[38,53814,53815],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53816,53817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53818,53819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53820,1335],{"class":1334},[20,53822,12095],{},[187,53824,53825,53830,53836],{},[190,53826,53827,53829],{},[15,53828,52838],{}," changes the list in place",[190,53831,53832,1270,53834],{},[15,53833,52838],{},[15,53835,285],{},[190,53837,53838,53839,53842,53843],{},"So ",[15,53840,53841],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53844,285],{},[20,53846,1631],{},[38,53848,53850],{"className":40,"code":53849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53851,53852,53872,53886,53890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53853,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866,53868,53870],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53855,7975],{"class":53},[47,53857,58],{"class":57},[47,53859,3815],{"class":98},[47,53861,1476],{"class":80},[47,53863,136],{"class":98},[47,53865,1562],{"class":80},[47,53867,136],{"class":98},[47,53869,249],{"class":80},[47,53871,3828],{"class":98},[47,53873,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53875,8006],{"class":53},[47,53877,445],{"class":98},[47,53879,13747],{"class":102},[47,53881,99],{"class":98},[47,53883,2700],{"class":80},[47,53885,106],{"class":98},[47,53887,53888],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,53889,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,53891,53892,53894,53896,53898],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,53893,95],{"class":94},[47,53895,99],{"class":98},[47,53897,8006],{"class":102},[47,53899,106],{"class":98},[20,53901,144],{},[38,53903,53904],{"className":40,"code":53690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53905,53906],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918,53920,53922,53924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53909,4092],{"class":98},[47,53911,1476],{"class":80},[47,53913,136],{"class":98},[47,53915,1562],{"class":80},[47,53917,136],{"class":98},[47,53919,249],{"class":80},[47,53921,136],{"class":98},[47,53923,393],{"class":80},[47,53925,3828],{"class":98},[447,53927,53929],{"id":53928},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53931,19110],{},[38,53933,53935],{"className":40,"code":53934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53936,53937,53961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53938,53939,53941,53943,53945,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53940,32081],{"class":53},[47,53942,58],{"class":57},[47,53944,3815],{"class":98},[47,53946,1476],{"class":80},[47,53948,136],{"class":98},[47,53950,1562],{"class":80},[47,53952,13744],{"class":98},[47,53954,13747],{"class":102},[47,53956,99],{"class":98},[47,53958,2263],{"class":80},[47,53960,106],{"class":98},[47,53962,53963,53965,53967,53969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,53964,95],{"class":94},[47,53966,99],{"class":98},[47,53968,32100],{"class":102},[47,53970,106],{"class":98},[20,53972,144],{},[38,53974,53975],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53976,53977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53978,53979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53980,1335],{"class":1334},[20,53982,53983,53984,53986],{},"Remember: ",[15,53985,52838],{}," updates the list you already have.",[447,53988,53990],{"id":53989},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[38,53992,53993],{"className":40,"code":53438,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,53994,53995,54011,54029,54033],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,53996,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005,54007,54009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,53998,3810],{"class":53},[47,54000,58],{"class":57},[47,54002,3815],{"class":98},[47,54004,1476],{"class":80},[47,54006,136],{"class":98},[47,54008,1562],{"class":80},[47,54010,3828],{"class":98},[47,54012,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021,54023,54025,54027],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54014,195],{"class":53},[47,54016,445],{"class":98},[47,54018,13747],{"class":102},[47,54020,3178],{"class":98},[47,54022,2263],{"class":80},[47,54024,136],{"class":98},[47,54026,393],{"class":80},[47,54028,4080],{"class":98},[47,54030,54031],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54032,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54034,54035,54037,54039,54041],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,54036,95],{"class":94},[47,54038,99],{"class":98},[47,54040,195],{"class":102},[47,54042,106],{"class":98},[20,54044,144],{},[38,54046,54047],{"className":40,"code":53493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54048,54049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54052,4092],{"class":98},[47,54054,1476],{"class":80},[47,54056,136],{"class":98},[47,54058,1562],{"class":80},[47,54060,136],{"class":98},[47,54062,3815],{"class":98},[47,54064,2263],{"class":80},[47,54066,136],{"class":98},[47,54068,393],{"class":80},[47,54070,53427],{"class":98},[20,54072,3361,54073,54076,54077,6825],{},[15,54074,54075],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54078,53631],{},[447,54080,54082],{"id":54081},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54084,54085,54087],{},[15,54086,52838],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54089,54090,54091,445],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[594,54092,54094],{"href":54093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54095,54096],{},"list.insert()",[20,54098,204],{},[38,54100,54102],{"className":40,"code":54101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54103,54104,54128,54151,54155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54105,54106,54108,54110,54112,54114,54116,54118,54120,54122,54124,54126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54107,36284],{"class":53},[47,54109,58],{"class":57},[47,54111,3815],{"class":98},[47,54113,128],{"class":61},[47,54115,594],{"class":65},[47,54117,128],{"class":61},[47,54119,136],{"class":98},[47,54121,62],{"class":61},[47,54123,9931],{"class":65},[47,54125,128],{"class":61},[47,54127,3828],{"class":98},[47,54129,54130,54132,54134,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147,54149],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54131,36337],{"class":53},[47,54133,445],{"class":98},[47,54135,54136],{"class":102},"insert",[47,54138,99],{"class":98},[47,54140,1476],{"class":80},[47,54142,136],{"class":98},[47,54144,62],{"class":61},[47,54146,4957],{"class":65},[47,54148,128],{"class":61},[47,54150,106],{"class":98},[47,54152,54153],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54154,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54156,54157,54159,54161,54163],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,54158,95],{"class":94},[47,54160,99],{"class":98},[47,54162,36337],{"class":102},[47,54164,106],{"class":98},[20,54166,144],{},[38,54168,54169],{"className":40,"code":43065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54170,54171],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54172,54173,54175,54177,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187,54189,54191,54193,54195,54197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54174,4092],{"class":98},[47,54176,3493],{"class":61},[47,54178,594],{"class":65},[47,54180,3493],{"class":61},[47,54182,136],{"class":98},[47,54184,3488],{"class":61},[47,54186,4957],{"class":65},[47,54188,3493],{"class":61},[47,54190,136],{"class":98},[47,54192,3488],{"class":61},[47,54194,9931],{"class":65},[47,54196,3493],{"class":61},[47,54198,3828],{"class":98},[33,54200,54202],{"id":54201},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54204,54205,54207],{},[15,54206,52838],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54209,36620],{},[187,54211,54212,54215,54218,54221],{},[190,54213,54214],{},"building a list in a loop",[190,54216,54217],{},"collecting user input",[190,54219,54220],{},"storing results step by step",[190,54222,54223],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54225,54226],{},"Example with a loop:",[38,54228,54230],{"className":40,"code":54229,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54231,54232,54241,54245,54265,54284,54288],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54233,54234,54237,54239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54235,54236],{"class":53},"squares ",[47,54238,58],{"class":57},[47,54240,8035],{"class":98},[47,54242,54243],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54244,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54246,54247,54249,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261,54263],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54248,1462],{"class":1461},[47,54250,1465],{"class":53},[47,54252,1468],{"class":1461},[47,54254,1471],{"class":94},[47,54256,99],{"class":98},[47,54258,1476],{"class":80},[47,54260,136],{"class":98},[47,54262,4800],{"class":80},[47,54264,1483],{"class":98},[47,54266,54267,54270,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280,54282],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,54268,54269],{"class":53},"    squares",[47,54271,445],{"class":98},[47,54273,13747],{"class":102},[47,54275,99],{"class":98},[47,54277,2417],{"class":102},[47,54279,40064],{"class":57},[47,54281,1513],{"class":102},[47,54283,106],{"class":98},[47,54285,54286],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54287,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54289,54290,54292,54294,54297],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,54291,95],{"class":94},[47,54293,99],{"class":98},[47,54295,54296],{"class":102},"squares",[47,54298,106],{"class":98},[20,54300,144],{},[38,54302,54304],{"className":40,"code":54303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54305,54306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54307,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54321,54323,54325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54309,4092],{"class":98},[47,54311,1476],{"class":80},[47,54313,136],{"class":98},[47,54315,393],{"class":80},[47,54317,136],{"class":98},[47,54319,54320],{"class":80}," 9",[47,54322,136],{"class":98},[47,54324,14182],{"class":80},[47,54326,3828],{"class":98},[33,54328,1969],{"id":1968},[447,54330,54332],{"id":54331},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54334,46553,54335,54337,54338,445],{},[15,54336,52838],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54339,285],{},[447,54341,54343],{"id":54342},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54345,54346,54347,445],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[594,54348,54349],{"href":53529},[15,54350,53631],{},[447,54352,54354],{"id":54353},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54356,54357],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54359,204],{},[38,54361,54363],{"className":40,"code":54362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54364,54365,54381,54399,54403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54366,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54368,9359],{"class":53},[47,54370,58],{"class":57},[47,54372,3815],{"class":98},[47,54374,1476],{"class":80},[47,54376,136],{"class":98},[47,54378,1562],{"class":80},[47,54380,3828],{"class":98},[47,54382,54383,54385,54387,54389,54391,54393,54395,54397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54384,9396],{"class":53},[47,54386,445],{"class":98},[47,54388,13747],{"class":102},[47,54390,3178],{"class":98},[47,54392,2263],{"class":80},[47,54394,136],{"class":98},[47,54396,393],{"class":80},[47,54398,4080],{"class":98},[47,54400,54401],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54402,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54404,54405,54407,54409,54411],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,54406,95],{"class":94},[47,54408,99],{"class":98},[47,54410,9396],{"class":102},[47,54412,106],{"class":98},[20,54414,144],{},[38,54416,54417],{"className":40,"code":53493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54418,54419],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54420,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54422,4092],{"class":98},[47,54424,1476],{"class":80},[47,54426,136],{"class":98},[47,54428,1562],{"class":80},[47,54430,136],{"class":98},[47,54432,3815],{"class":98},[47,54434,2263],{"class":80},[47,54436,136],{"class":98},[47,54438,393],{"class":80},[47,54440,53427],{"class":98},[447,54442,54444],{"id":54443},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54446,54447,54449,54450,54453],{},[15,54448,52838],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54451,54452],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[33,54455,2075],{"id":2074},[187,54457,54458,54463,54467,54472,54476],{},[190,54459,54460],{},[594,54461,54462],{"href":53233},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[190,54464,54465],{},[594,54466,53745],{"href":53529},[190,54468,54469],{},[594,54470,54471],{"href":54093},"Python list insert() method",[190,54473,54474],{},[594,54475,52956],{"href":51164},[190,54477,54478],{},[594,54479,54481],{"href":54480},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2110,54483,54484],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":54486},[54487,54488,54489,54490,54491,54492,54498,54504,54505,54511],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":52916,"depth":72,"text":52917},{"id":5625,"depth":72,"text":5626},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":53237,"depth":72,"text":53238},{"id":53536,"depth":72,"text":53537,"children":54493},[54494,54496],{"id":53543,"depth":84,"text":54495},"Using append()",{"id":53628,"depth":84,"text":54497},"Using extend()",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":54499},[54500,54501,54502,54503],{"id":53750,"depth":84,"text":53751},{"id":53928,"depth":84,"text":53929},{"id":53989,"depth":84,"text":53990},{"id":54081,"depth":84,"text":54082},{"id":54201,"depth":72,"text":54202},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":54506},[54507,54508,54509,54510],{"id":54331,"depth":84,"text":54332},{"id":54342,"depth":84,"text":54343},{"id":54353,"depth":84,"text":54354},{"id":54443,"depth":84,"text":54444},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52828,"description":54512},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54519,"title":54520,"body":54521,"description":55765,"extension":2167,"meta":55766,"navigation":87,"path":55767,"seo":55768,"stem":55769,"__hash__":55770},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54522,"toc":55730},[54523,54529,54535,54541,54543,54591,54596,54601,54605,54621,54627,54629,54632,54647,54649,54660,54662,54664,54721,54723,54731,54733,54749,54755,54757,54763,54767,54851,54854,54903,54910,54918,54921,54935,54948,54954,55029,55036,55043,55117,55125,55128,55139,55148,55152,55156,55167,55169,55246,55267,55269,55279,55282,55330,55332,55353,55356,55358,55409,55415,55422,55489,55495,55501,55504,55531,55536,55542,55545,55617,55620,55631,55637,55639,55645,55648,55654,55660,55667,55675,55681,55687,55689,55727],[10,54524,54526,54527,11516],{"id":54525},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54528,11515],{},[20,54530,54531,54534],{},[15,54532,54533],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54536,54537,54538,54540],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[280,54539,11528],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[33,54542,3800],{"id":3799},[38,54544,54546],{"className":40,"code":54545,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54547,54548,54568,54578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54549,54550,54552,54554,54556,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54551,7975],{"class":53},[47,54553,58],{"class":57},[47,54555,3815],{"class":98},[47,54557,1476],{"class":80},[47,54559,136],{"class":98},[47,54561,1562],{"class":80},[47,54563,136],{"class":98},[47,54565,249],{"class":80},[47,54567,3828],{"class":98},[47,54569,54570,54572,54574,54576],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54571,8006],{"class":53},[47,54573,445],{"class":98},[47,54575,11577],{"class":102},[47,54577,8836],{"class":98},[47,54579,54580,54582,54584,54586,54588],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54581,95],{"class":94},[47,54583,99],{"class":98},[47,54585,8006],{"class":102},[47,54587,3854],{"class":98},[47,54589,54590],{"class":3857},"  # []\n",[20,54592,167,54593,54595],{},[15,54594,11515],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[33,54597,174,54599,177],{"id":54598},"what-listclear-does",[15,54600,54533],{},[20,54602,54603,420],{},[15,54604,54533],{},[187,54606,54607,54610,54613,54618],{},[190,54608,54609],{},"Removes every item from a list",[190,54611,54612],{},"Changes the original list in place",[190,54614,54615,54616],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54617,3979],{},[190,54619,54620],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54622,54623,54624,54626],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54625,11515],{},", but it contains no values.",[33,54628,290],{"id":289},[20,54630,54631],{},"Syntax:",[38,54633,54635],{"className":40,"code":54634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54636,54637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54638,54639,54641,54643,54645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54640,8533],{"class":53},[47,54642,445],{"class":98},[47,54644,11577],{"class":102},[47,54646,8836],{"class":98},[20,54648,11653],{},[187,54650,54651,54654,54657],{},[190,54652,54653],{},"Call it on a list object",[190,54655,54656],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[190,54658,54659],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[33,54661,11670],{"id":11669},[20,54663,11673],{},[38,54665,54667],{"className":40,"code":54666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54668,54669,54693,54697,54707,54711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54670,54671,54673,54675,54677,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687,54689,54691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54672,3810],{"class":53},[47,54674,58],{"class":57},[47,54676,3815],{"class":98},[47,54678,582],{"class":80},[47,54680,136],{"class":98},[47,54682,7986],{"class":80},[47,54684,136],{"class":98},[47,54686,7991],{"class":80},[47,54688,136],{"class":98},[47,54690,51030],{"class":80},[47,54692,3828],{"class":98},[47,54694,54695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54696,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54698,54699,54701,54703,54705],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54700,195],{"class":53},[47,54702,445],{"class":98},[47,54704,11577],{"class":102},[47,54706,8836],{"class":98},[47,54708,54709],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,54710,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54712,54713,54715,54717,54719],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54714,95],{"class":94},[47,54716,99],{"class":98},[47,54718,195],{"class":102},[47,54720,106],{"class":98},[20,54722,144],{},[38,54724,54725],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54726,54727],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54728,54729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54730,38489],{"class":98},[20,54732,11879],{},[187,54734,54735,54740,54746],{},[190,54736,54737,54739],{},[15,54738,195],{}," starts with four items",[190,54741,54742,54745],{},[15,54743,54744],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[190,54747,54748],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54750,54751,54752,445],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[594,54753,52956],{"href":54754},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[33,54756,17615],{"id":17614},[20,54758,54759,1270,54761,445],{},[15,54760,11515],{},[15,54762,285],{},[20,54764,41096,54765,52852],{},[280,54766,4826],{},[38,54768,54770],{"className":40,"code":54769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54771,54772,54804,54808,54822,54826,54839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54773,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782,54784,54786,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54775,7975],{"class":53},[47,54777,58],{"class":57},[47,54779,3815],{"class":98},[47,54781,128],{"class":61},[47,54783,594],{"class":65},[47,54785,128],{"class":61},[47,54787,136],{"class":98},[47,54789,62],{"class":61},[47,54791,4957],{"class":65},[47,54793,128],{"class":61},[47,54795,136],{"class":98},[47,54797,62],{"class":61},[47,54799,9931],{"class":65},[47,54801,128],{"class":61},[47,54803,3828],{"class":98},[47,54805,54806],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54807,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54809,54810,54812,54814,54816,54818,54820],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54811,1290],{"class":53},[47,54813,58],{"class":57},[47,54815,6160],{"class":53},[47,54817,445],{"class":98},[47,54819,11577],{"class":102},[47,54821,8836],{"class":98},[47,54823,54824],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,54825,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54827,54828,54830,54832,54834,54836],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,54829,95],{"class":94},[47,54831,99],{"class":98},[47,54833,8006],{"class":102},[47,54835,3854],{"class":98},[47,54837,54838],{"class":3857},"   # []\n",[47,54840,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,54842,95],{"class":94},[47,54844,99],{"class":98},[47,54846,1315],{"class":102},[47,54848,3854],{"class":98},[47,54850,21073],{"class":3857},[20,54852,54853],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[38,54855,54857],{"className":40,"code":54856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54858,54859,54879,54893],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54860,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873,54875,54877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54862,7975],{"class":53},[47,54864,58],{"class":57},[47,54866,3815],{"class":98},[47,54868,1476],{"class":80},[47,54870,136],{"class":98},[47,54872,1562],{"class":80},[47,54874,136],{"class":98},[47,54876,249],{"class":80},[47,54878,3828],{"class":98},[47,54880,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54882,7975],{"class":53},[47,54884,58],{"class":57},[47,54886,6160],{"class":53},[47,54888,445],{"class":98},[47,54890,11577],{"class":102},[47,54892,8836],{"class":98},[47,54894,54895,54897,54899,54901],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54896,95],{"class":94},[47,54898,99],{"class":98},[47,54900,8006],{"class":102},[47,54902,106],{"class":98},[20,54904,12111,54905,42345,54907,54909],{},[15,54906,8006],{},[15,54908,285],{},", not an empty list.",[33,54911,54913,54915,54916],{"id":54912},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54914,11515],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54917,3979],{},[20,54919,54920],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[38,54922,54923],{"className":40,"code":54634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,54924,54925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54926,54927,54929,54931,54933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54928,8533],{"class":53},[47,54930,445],{"class":98},[47,54932,11577],{"class":102},[47,54934,8836],{"class":98},[38,54936,54938],{"className":40,"code":54937,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n",[15,54939,54940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54941,54942,54944,54946],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54943,8502],{"class":53},[47,54945,58],{"class":57},[47,54947,8035],{"class":98},[447,54949,54951,54953],{"id":54950},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54952,11515],{}," empties the same list object",[38,54955,54957],{"className":40,"code":54956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54958,54959,54979,54987,54991,55001,55005,55017],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,54960,54961,54963,54965,54967,54969,54971,54973,54975,54977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,54962,2750],{"class":53},[47,54964,58],{"class":57},[47,54966,3815],{"class":98},[47,54968,1476],{"class":80},[47,54970,136],{"class":98},[47,54972,1562],{"class":80},[47,54974,136],{"class":98},[47,54976,249],{"class":80},[47,54978,3828],{"class":98},[47,54980,54981,54983,54985],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,54982,2777],{"class":53},[47,54984,58],{"class":57},[47,54986,36369],{"class":53},[47,54988,54989],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,54990,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,54992,54993,54995,54997,54999],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,54994,594],{"class":53},[47,54996,445],{"class":98},[47,54998,11577],{"class":102},[47,55000,8836],{"class":98},[47,55002,55003],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55004,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55006,55007,55009,55011,55013,55015],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,55008,95],{"class":94},[47,55010,99],{"class":98},[47,55012,594],{"class":102},[47,55014,3854],{"class":98},[47,55016,54590],{"class":3857},[47,55018,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,55020,95],{"class":94},[47,55022,99],{"class":98},[47,55024,4957],{"class":102},[47,55026,3854],{"class":98},[47,55028,54590],{"class":3857},[20,55030,10783,55031,839,55033,55035],{},[15,55032,594],{},[15,55034,4957],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[447,55037,55039,55042],{"id":55038},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55040,55041],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[38,55044,55046],{"className":40,"code":55045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55047,55048,55068,55076,55080,55088,55092,55104],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55049,55050,55052,55054,55056,55058,55060,55062,55064,55066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55051,2750],{"class":53},[47,55053,58],{"class":57},[47,55055,3815],{"class":98},[47,55057,1476],{"class":80},[47,55059,136],{"class":98},[47,55061,1562],{"class":80},[47,55063,136],{"class":98},[47,55065,249],{"class":80},[47,55067,3828],{"class":98},[47,55069,55070,55072,55074],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55071,2777],{"class":53},[47,55073,58],{"class":57},[47,55075,36369],{"class":53},[47,55077,55078],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55079,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55081,55082,55084,55086],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55083,2750],{"class":53},[47,55085,58],{"class":57},[47,55087,8035],{"class":98},[47,55089,55090],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55091,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55093,55094,55096,55098,55100,55102],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,55095,95],{"class":94},[47,55097,99],{"class":98},[47,55099,594],{"class":102},[47,55101,3854],{"class":98},[47,55103,54590],{"class":3857},[47,55105,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,55107,95],{"class":94},[47,55109,99],{"class":98},[47,55111,4957],{"class":102},[47,55113,3854],{"class":98},[47,55115,55116],{"class":3857},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55118,20968,55119,55121,55122,55124],{},[15,55120,594],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55123,4957],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55126,55127],{},"This difference matters when:",[187,55129,55130,55133,55136],{},[190,55131,55132],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[190,55134,55135],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[190,55137,55138],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55140,55141,55142,445],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[594,55143,55145,55146,10934],{"href":55144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55147,12971],{},[33,55149,5158,55150],{"id":12632},[15,55151,11515],{},[20,55153,167,55154,6511],{},[15,55155,11515],{},[187,55157,55158,55161,55164],{},[190,55159,55160],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[190,55162,55163],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[190,55165,55166],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55168,204],{},[38,55170,55172],{"className":40,"code":55171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55173,55174,55210,55214,55219,55230,55234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55175,55176,55179,55181,55183,55185,55188,55190,55192,55194,55197,55199,55201,55203,55206,55208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55177,55178],{"class":53},"shopping_cart ",[47,55180,58],{"class":57},[47,55182,3815],{"class":98},[47,55184,128],{"class":61},[47,55186,55187],{"class":65},"milk",[47,55189,128],{"class":61},[47,55191,136],{"class":98},[47,55193,62],{"class":61},[47,55195,55196],{"class":65},"bread",[47,55198,128],{"class":61},[47,55200,136],{"class":98},[47,55202,62],{"class":61},[47,55204,55205],{"class":65},"eggs",[47,55207,128],{"class":61},[47,55209,3828],{"class":98},[47,55211,55212],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55213,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55215,55216],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55217,55218],{"class":3857},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[47,55220,55221,55224,55226,55228],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55222,55223],{"class":53},"shopping_cart",[47,55225,445],{"class":98},[47,55227,11577],{"class":102},[47,55229,8836],{"class":98},[47,55231,55232],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55233,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55235,55236,55238,55240,55242,55244],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,55237,95],{"class":94},[47,55239,99],{"class":98},[47,55241,55223],{"class":102},[47,55243,3854],{"class":98},[47,55245,54590],{"class":3857},[20,55247,55248,55249,55253,55254,55260,55261,445],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[594,55250,55252],{"href":55251},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[594,55255,55257,10934],{"href":55256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55258,55259],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[594,55262,55264,10934],{"href":55263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55265,55266],{},"list.pop()",[33,55268,4713],{"id":4712},[447,55270,55272,55273,11285,55276],{"id":55271},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55274,55275],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55277,55278],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55280,55281],{},"This does not call the method.",[38,55283,55285],{"className":40,"code":55284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55286,55287,55307,55311,55320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55288,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297,55299,55301,55303,55305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55290,7975],{"class":53},[47,55292,58],{"class":57},[47,55294,3815],{"class":98},[47,55296,1476],{"class":80},[47,55298,136],{"class":98},[47,55300,1562],{"class":80},[47,55302,136],{"class":98},[47,55304,249],{"class":80},[47,55306,3828],{"class":98},[47,55308,55309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55310,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55312,55313,55315,55317],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55314,8006],{"class":53},[47,55316,445],{"class":98},[47,55318,55319],{"class":24948},"clear\n",[47,55321,55322,55324,55326,55328],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55323,95],{"class":94},[47,55325,99],{"class":98},[47,55327,8006],{"class":102},[47,55329,106],{"class":98},[20,55331,144],{},[38,55333,55335],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55336,55337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55338,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55340,4092],{"class":98},[47,55342,1476],{"class":80},[47,55344,136],{"class":98},[47,55346,1562],{"class":80},[47,55348,136],{"class":98},[47,55350,249],{"class":80},[47,55352,3828],{"class":98},[20,55354,55355],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55357,1631],{},[38,55359,55361],{"className":40,"code":55360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55362,55363,55383,55387,55397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55364,55365,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379,55381],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55366,7975],{"class":53},[47,55368,58],{"class":57},[47,55370,3815],{"class":98},[47,55372,1476],{"class":80},[47,55374,136],{"class":98},[47,55376,1562],{"class":80},[47,55378,136],{"class":98},[47,55380,249],{"class":80},[47,55382,3828],{"class":98},[47,55384,55385],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55386,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55388,55389,55391,55393,55395],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55390,8006],{"class":53},[47,55392,445],{"class":98},[47,55394,11577],{"class":102},[47,55396,8836],{"class":98},[47,55398,55399,55401,55403,55405,55407],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55400,95],{"class":94},[47,55402,99],{"class":98},[47,55404,8006],{"class":102},[47,55406,3854],{"class":98},[47,55408,54590],{"class":3857},[447,55410,1807,55412,55414],{"id":55411},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55413,11515],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55416,55417,1270,55419,55421],{},[15,55418,11515],{},[15,55420,285],{},", not the list.",[38,55423,55425],{"className":40,"code":55424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55426,55427,55447,55461,55465,55477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55428,55429,55431,55433,55435,55437,55439,55441,55443,55445],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55430,7975],{"class":53},[47,55432,58],{"class":57},[47,55434,3815],{"class":98},[47,55436,1476],{"class":80},[47,55438,136],{"class":98},[47,55440,1562],{"class":80},[47,55442,136],{"class":98},[47,55444,249],{"class":80},[47,55446,3828],{"class":98},[47,55448,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55450,1290],{"class":53},[47,55452,58],{"class":57},[47,55454,6160],{"class":53},[47,55456,445],{"class":98},[47,55458,11577],{"class":102},[47,55460,8836],{"class":98},[47,55462,55463],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55464,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55466,55467,55469,55471,55473,55475],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55468,95],{"class":94},[47,55470,99],{"class":98},[47,55472,1315],{"class":102},[47,55474,3854],{"class":98},[47,55476,21073],{"class":3857},[47,55478,55479,55481,55483,55485,55487],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55480,95],{"class":94},[47,55482,99],{"class":98},[47,55484,8006],{"class":102},[47,55486,3854],{"class":98},[47,55488,54838],{"class":3857},[447,55490,1654,55492,55494],{"id":55491},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55493,11515],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55496,55497,55498,55500],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55499,11515],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55502,55503],{},"This will fail:",[38,55505,55507],{"className":40,"code":55506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55508,55509,55521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55510,55511,55513,55515,55517,55519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55512,34884],{"class":53},[47,55514,58],{"class":57},[47,55516,62],{"class":61},[47,55518,4038],{"class":65},[47,55520,69],{"class":61},[47,55522,55523,55525,55527,55529],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55524,192],{"class":53},[47,55526,445],{"class":98},[47,55528,11577],{"class":102},[47,55530,8836],{"class":98},[20,55532,55533,55534,33798],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55535,11515],{},[20,55537,55538,55539,55541],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55540,285],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55543,55544],{},"Useful checks:",[38,55546,55548],{"className":40,"code":55547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55549,55550,55560,55574,55588,55597,55607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55551,55552,55554,55556,55558],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55553,95],{"class":94},[47,55555,99],{"class":98},[47,55557,8533],{"class":102},[47,55559,106],{"class":98},[47,55561,55562,55564,55566,55568,55570,55572],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55563,95],{"class":94},[47,55565,99],{"class":98},[47,55567,1922],{"class":1788},[47,55569,99],{"class":98},[47,55571,8533],{"class":102},[47,55573,1796],{"class":98},[47,55575,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55577,95],{"class":94},[47,55579,99],{"class":98},[47,55581,12844],{"class":94},[47,55583,99],{"class":98},[47,55585,8533],{"class":102},[47,55587,1796],{"class":98},[47,55589,55590,55592,55594],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55591,43739],{"class":53},[47,55593,58],{"class":57},[47,55595,55596],{"class":53}," my_list\n",[47,55598,55599,55601,55603,55605],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55600,8533],{"class":53},[47,55602,445],{"class":98},[47,55604,11577],{"class":102},[47,55606,8836],{"class":98},[47,55608,55609,55611,55613,55615],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,55610,95],{"class":94},[47,55612,99],{"class":98},[47,55614,30941],{"class":102},[47,55616,106],{"class":98},[20,55618,55619],{},"These can help you see:",[187,55621,55622,55625,55628],{},[190,55623,55624],{},"What the variable currently contains",[190,55626,55627],{},"Whether it is really a list",[190,55629,55630],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55632,55633,55634,445],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[594,55635,55636],{"href":54480},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[33,55638,1969],{"id":1968},[447,55640,1973,55642,55644],{"id":55641},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55643,54533],{}," delete the list?",[20,55646,55647],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[447,55649,1973,55651,55653],{"id":55650},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55652,54533],{}," return a new list?",[20,55655,55656,55657,55659],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55658,285],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[447,55661,2055,55663,839,55665,2009],{"id":55662},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55664,11515],{},[15,55666,55041],{},[20,55668,55669,55671,55672,55674],{},[15,55670,11515],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55673,55041],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[447,55676,28528,55678,55680],{"id":55677},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55679,11515],{}," on other types?",[20,55682,55683,55684,55686],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55685,11515],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[33,55688,2075],{"id":2074},[187,55690,55691,55695,55700,55707,55714,55720],{},[190,55692,55693],{},[594,55694,52956],{"href":54754},[190,55696,55697],{},[594,55698,55699],{"href":55251},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[190,55701,55702],{},[594,55703,55704,55705,10934],{"href":55263},"Python list ",[15,55706,12957],{},[190,55708,55709],{},[594,55710,55704,55711,10934],{"href":55256},[15,55712,55713],{},"remove()",[190,55715,55716],{},[594,55717,55704,55718,10934],{"href":55144},[15,55719,12971],{},[190,55721,55722],{},[594,55723,30546,55724,33831],{"href":54480},[15,55725,55726],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2110,55728,55729],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":55731},[55732,55733,55735,55736,55737,55738,55745,55746,55754,55764],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":54598,"depth":72,"text":55734},"What list.clear() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":54912,"depth":72,"text":55739,"children":55740},"clear() vs assigning []",[55741,55743],{"id":54950,"depth":84,"text":55742},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55038,"depth":84,"text":55744},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12632,"depth":72,"text":13003},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":55747},[55748,55750,55752],{"id":55271,"depth":84,"text":55749},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55411,"depth":84,"text":55751},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55491,"depth":84,"text":55753},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":55755},[55756,55758,55760,55762],{"id":55641,"depth":84,"text":55757},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55650,"depth":84,"text":55759},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55662,"depth":84,"text":55761},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55677,"depth":84,"text":55763},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54520,"description":55765},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55772,"title":55773,"body":55774,"description":57459,"extension":2167,"meta":57460,"navigation":87,"path":57461,"seo":57462,"stem":57463,"__hash__":57464},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55775,"toc":57427},[55776,55781,55787,55795,55797,55886,55893,55898,55902,55916,55918,55995,55997,56058,56061,56063,56065,56086,56089,56103,56106,56151,56153,56161,56164,56170,56176,56179,56256,56258,56303,56306,56311,56394,56396,56437,56442,56446,56452,56454,56462,56465,56558,56560,56618,56621,56637,56642,56652,56657,56659,56664,56669,56672,56674,56731,56734,56787,56793,56798,56802,56819,56821,56905,56907,56948,56956,56958,56963,56969,56971,57034,57039,57109,57113,57148,57151,57153,57192,57196,57272,57278,57284,57289,57311,57314,57333,57341,57343,57349,57352,57359,57367,57372,57375,57379,57385,57393,57396,57398,57424],[10,55777,54526,55779,11516],{"id":55778},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55780,12971],{},[20,55782,55783,55786],{},[15,55784,55785],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55788,55789,55790,14248,55792,55794],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55791,58],{},[280,55793,4826],{}," make a real copy.",[33,55796,36],{"id":35},[38,55798,55800],{"className":40,"code":55799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55801,55802,55822,55837,55841,55856,55860,55873],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55803,55804,55806,55808,55810,55812,55814,55816,55818,55820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55805,3810],{"class":53},[47,55807,58],{"class":57},[47,55809,3815],{"class":98},[47,55811,1476],{"class":80},[47,55813,136],{"class":98},[47,55815,1562],{"class":80},[47,55817,136],{"class":98},[47,55819,249],{"class":80},[47,55821,3828],{"class":98},[47,55823,55824,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55825,55826],{"class":53},"new_numbers ",[47,55828,58],{"class":57},[47,55830,4457],{"class":53},[47,55832,445],{"class":98},[47,55834,13106],{"class":102},[47,55836,8836],{"class":98},[47,55838,55839],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55840,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55842,55843,55846,55848,55850,55852,55854],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55844,55845],{"class":53},"new_numbers",[47,55847,445],{"class":98},[47,55849,13747],{"class":102},[47,55851,99],{"class":98},[47,55853,2700],{"class":80},[47,55855,106],{"class":98},[47,55857,55858],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55859,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55861,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,55863,95],{"class":94},[47,55865,99],{"class":98},[47,55867,195],{"class":102},[47,55869,3854],{"class":98},[47,55871,55872],{"class":3857},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[47,55874,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,55876,95],{"class":94},[47,55878,99],{"class":98},[47,55880,55845],{"class":102},[47,55882,3854],{"class":98},[47,55884,55885],{"class":3857},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55887,167,55888,55890,55891,445],{},[15,55889,55785],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[280,55892,13045],{},[33,55894,174,55896,177],{"id":55895},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55897,55785],{},[20,55899,55900,420],{},[15,55901,55785],{},[187,55903,55904,55907,55910,55913],{},[190,55905,55906],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[190,55908,55909],{},"Returns that new list",[190,55911,55912],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[190,55914,55915],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55917,204],{},[38,55919,55921],{"className":40,"code":55920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55922,55923,55955,55970,55974,55984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,55924,55925,55927,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,55926,36433],{"class":53},[47,55928,58],{"class":57},[47,55930,3815],{"class":98},[47,55932,128],{"class":61},[47,55934,4272],{"class":65},[47,55936,128],{"class":61},[47,55938,136],{"class":98},[47,55940,62],{"class":61},[47,55942,4281],{"class":65},[47,55944,128],{"class":61},[47,55946,136],{"class":98},[47,55948,62],{"class":61},[47,55950,33418],{"class":65},[47,55952,128],{"class":61},[47,55954,3828],{"class":98},[47,55956,55957,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,55958,55959],{"class":53},"copied_fruits ",[47,55961,58],{"class":57},[47,55963,53036],{"class":53},[47,55965,445],{"class":98},[47,55967,13106],{"class":102},[47,55969,8836],{"class":98},[47,55971,55972],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,55973,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,55975,55976,55978,55980,55982],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,55977,95],{"class":94},[47,55979,99],{"class":98},[47,55981,36485],{"class":102},[47,55983,106],{"class":98},[47,55985,55986,55988,55990,55993],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,55987,95],{"class":94},[47,55989,99],{"class":98},[47,55991,55992],{"class":102},"copied_fruits",[47,55994,106],{"class":98},[20,55996,144],{},[38,55998,56000],{"className":40,"code":55999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56001,56002,56030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56003,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56005,4092],{"class":98},[47,56007,3493],{"class":61},[47,56009,4272],{"class":65},[47,56011,3493],{"class":61},[47,56013,136],{"class":98},[47,56015,3488],{"class":61},[47,56017,4281],{"class":65},[47,56019,3493],{"class":61},[47,56021,136],{"class":98},[47,56023,3488],{"class":61},[47,56025,33418],{"class":65},[47,56027,3493],{"class":61},[47,56029,3828],{"class":98},[47,56031,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054,56056],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56033,4092],{"class":98},[47,56035,3493],{"class":61},[47,56037,4272],{"class":65},[47,56039,3493],{"class":61},[47,56041,136],{"class":98},[47,56043,3488],{"class":61},[47,56045,4281],{"class":65},[47,56047,3493],{"class":61},[47,56049,136],{"class":98},[47,56051,3488],{"class":61},[47,56053,33418],{"class":65},[47,56055,3493],{"class":61},[47,56057,3828],{"class":98},[20,56059,56060],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[33,56062,290],{"id":289},[20,56064,2360],{},[38,56066,56068],{"className":40,"code":56067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56069,56070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56071,56072,56075,56077,56080,56082,56084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56073,56074],{"class":53},"new_list ",[47,56076,58],{"class":57},[47,56078,56079],{"class":53}," old_list",[47,56081,445],{"class":98},[47,56083,13106],{"class":102},[47,56085,8836],{"class":98},[20,56087,56088],{},"How it works:",[187,56090,56091,56097,56100],{},[190,56092,56093,56094,56096],{},"Call ",[15,56095,12971],{}," on an existing list",[190,56098,56099],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[190,56101,56102],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56104,56105],{},"Example with an empty list:",[38,56107,56109],{"className":40,"code":56108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56110,56111,56120,56136,56140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56112,56113,56116,56118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56114,56115],{"class":53},"empty_list ",[47,56117,58],{"class":57},[47,56119,8035],{"class":98},[47,56121,56122,56125,56127,56130,56132,56134],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56123,56124],{"class":53},"new_empty_list ",[47,56126,58],{"class":57},[47,56128,56129],{"class":53}," empty_list",[47,56131,445],{"class":98},[47,56133,13106],{"class":102},[47,56135,8836],{"class":98},[47,56137,56138],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,56139,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56141,56142,56144,56146,56149],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,56143,95],{"class":94},[47,56145,99],{"class":98},[47,56147,56148],{"class":102},"new_empty_list",[47,56150,106],{"class":98},[20,56152,144],{},[38,56154,56155],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,56156,56157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56158,56159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56160,38489],{"class":98},[20,56162,56163],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[33,56165,56167,56168],{"id":56166},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56169,58],{},[20,56171,1654,56172,14248,56174,52852],{},[15,56173,58],{},[280,56175,4826],{},[20,56177,56178],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[38,56180,56182],{"className":40,"code":56181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56183,56184,56204,56213,56217,56232,56236,56246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56185,56186,56188,56190,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56187,3810],{"class":53},[47,56189,58],{"class":57},[47,56191,3815],{"class":98},[47,56193,1476],{"class":80},[47,56195,136],{"class":98},[47,56197,1562],{"class":80},[47,56199,136],{"class":98},[47,56201,249],{"class":80},[47,56203,3828],{"class":98},[47,56205,56206,56209,56211],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56207,56208],{"class":53},"same_list ",[47,56210,58],{"class":57},[47,56212,44172],{"class":53},[47,56214,56215],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,56216,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56218,56219,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,56220,56221],{"class":53},"same_list",[47,56223,445],{"class":98},[47,56225,13747],{"class":102},[47,56227,99],{"class":98},[47,56229,2700],{"class":80},[47,56231,106],{"class":98},[47,56233,56234],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56235,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56237,56238,56240,56242,56244],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,56239,95],{"class":94},[47,56241,99],{"class":98},[47,56243,195],{"class":102},[47,56245,106],{"class":98},[47,56247,56248,56250,56252,56254],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,56249,95],{"class":94},[47,56251,99],{"class":98},[47,56253,56221],{"class":102},[47,56255,106],{"class":98},[20,56257,144],{},[38,56259,56261],{"className":40,"code":56260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56262,56263,56283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56264,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56266,4092],{"class":98},[47,56268,1476],{"class":80},[47,56270,136],{"class":98},[47,56272,1562],{"class":80},[47,56274,136],{"class":98},[47,56276,249],{"class":80},[47,56278,136],{"class":98},[47,56280,393],{"class":80},[47,56282,3828],{"class":98},[47,56284,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56286,4092],{"class":98},[47,56288,1476],{"class":80},[47,56290,136],{"class":98},[47,56292,1562],{"class":80},[47,56294,136],{"class":98},[47,56296,249],{"class":80},[47,56298,136],{"class":98},[47,56300,393],{"class":80},[47,56302,3828],{"class":98},[20,56304,56305],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56307,56308,56309,420],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56310,12971],{},[38,56312,56314],{"className":40,"code":56313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56315,56316,56336,56351,56355,56370,56374,56384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56317,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56319,3810],{"class":53},[47,56321,58],{"class":57},[47,56323,3815],{"class":98},[47,56325,1476],{"class":80},[47,56327,136],{"class":98},[47,56329,1562],{"class":80},[47,56331,136],{"class":98},[47,56333,249],{"class":80},[47,56335,3828],{"class":98},[47,56337,56338,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56339,56340],{"class":53},"copied_numbers ",[47,56342,58],{"class":57},[47,56344,4457],{"class":53},[47,56346,445],{"class":98},[47,56348,13106],{"class":102},[47,56350,8836],{"class":98},[47,56352,56353],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,56354,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56356,56357,56360,56362,56364,56366,56368],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,56358,56359],{"class":53},"copied_numbers",[47,56361,445],{"class":98},[47,56363,13747],{"class":102},[47,56365,99],{"class":98},[47,56367,2700],{"class":80},[47,56369,106],{"class":98},[47,56371,56372],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56373,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56375,56376,56378,56380,56382],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,56377,95],{"class":94},[47,56379,99],{"class":98},[47,56381,195],{"class":102},[47,56383,106],{"class":98},[47,56385,56386,56388,56390,56392],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,56387,95],{"class":94},[47,56389,99],{"class":98},[47,56391,56359],{"class":102},[47,56393,106],{"class":98},[20,56395,144],{},[38,56397,56399],{"className":40,"code":56398,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56400,56401,56417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56402,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413,56415],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56404,4092],{"class":98},[47,56406,1476],{"class":80},[47,56408,136],{"class":98},[47,56410,1562],{"class":80},[47,56412,136],{"class":98},[47,56414,249],{"class":80},[47,56416,3828],{"class":98},[47,56418,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56420,4092],{"class":98},[47,56422,1476],{"class":80},[47,56424,136],{"class":98},[47,56426,1562],{"class":80},[47,56428,136],{"class":98},[47,56430,249],{"class":80},[47,56432,136],{"class":98},[47,56434,393],{"class":80},[47,56436,3828],{"class":98},[20,56438,56439,56440,445],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[594,56441,52956],{"href":51164},[33,56443,56445],{"id":56444},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56447,56448,13042,56450,445],{},[15,56449,55785],{},[280,56451,13045],{},[20,56453,2308],{},[187,56455,56456,56459],{},[190,56457,56458],{},"The outer list is new",[190,56460,56461],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56463,56464],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[38,56466,56468],{"className":40,"code":56467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56469,56470,56497,56511,56515,56534,56538,56548],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56471,56472,56474,56476,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487,56489,56491,56493,56495],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56473,12280],{"class":53},[47,56475,58],{"class":57},[47,56477,56478],{"class":98}," [[",[47,56480,1476],{"class":80},[47,56482,136],{"class":98},[47,56484,1562],{"class":80},[47,56486,18258],{"class":98},[47,56488,3815],{"class":98},[47,56490,2263],{"class":80},[47,56492,136],{"class":98},[47,56494,393],{"class":80},[47,56496,53427],{"class":98},[47,56498,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56500,14505],{"class":53},[47,56502,58],{"class":57},[47,56504,12355],{"class":53},[47,56506,445],{"class":98},[47,56508,13106],{"class":102},[47,56510,8836],{"class":98},[47,56512,56513],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,56514,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56516,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527,56529,56532],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,56518,14524],{"class":53},[47,56520,4092],{"class":98},[47,56522,2321],{"class":80},[47,56524,13744],{"class":98},[47,56526,13747],{"class":102},[47,56528,99],{"class":98},[47,56530,56531],{"class":80},"99",[47,56533,106],{"class":98},[47,56535,56536],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56537,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56539,56540,56542,56544,56546],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,56541,95],{"class":94},[47,56543,99],{"class":98},[47,56545,12327],{"class":102},[47,56547,106],{"class":98},[47,56549,56550,56552,56554,56556],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,56551,95],{"class":94},[47,56553,99],{"class":98},[47,56555,14524],{"class":102},[47,56557,106],{"class":98},[20,56559,144],{},[38,56561,56563],{"className":40,"code":56562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56564,56565,56592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56566,56567,56570,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56568,56569],{"class":98},"[[",[47,56571,1476],{"class":80},[47,56573,136],{"class":98},[47,56575,1562],{"class":80},[47,56577,136],{"class":98},[47,56579,10389],{"class":80},[47,56581,18258],{"class":98},[47,56583,3815],{"class":98},[47,56585,2263],{"class":80},[47,56587,136],{"class":98},[47,56589,393],{"class":80},[47,56591,53427],{"class":98},[47,56593,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610,56612,56614,56616],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56595,56569],{"class":98},[47,56597,1476],{"class":80},[47,56599,136],{"class":98},[47,56601,1562],{"class":80},[47,56603,136],{"class":98},[47,56605,10389],{"class":80},[47,56607,18258],{"class":98},[47,56609,3815],{"class":98},[47,56611,2263],{"class":80},[47,56613,136],{"class":98},[47,56615,393],{"class":80},[47,56617,53427],{"class":98},[20,56619,56620],{},"Why did both change?",[187,56622,56623,56630],{},[190,56624,56625,839,56627,56629],{},[15,56626,12327],{},[15,56628,14524],{}," are different outer lists",[190,56631,56632,56633,56636],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56634,56635],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56638,53838,56639,56641],{},[15,56640,12971],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[187,56643,56644,56647,56650],{},[190,56645,56646],{},"Numbers",[190,56648,56649],{},"Strings",[190,56651,40785],{},[20,56653,56654,56655,445],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[594,56656,13985],{"href":13984},[33,56658,17615],{"id":17614},[20,56660,56661,56663],{},[15,56662,55785],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56665,41096,56666,56668],{},[280,56667,4826],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56670,56671],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56673,16851],{},[38,56675,56677],{"className":40,"code":56676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56678,56679,56703,56717,56721],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56680,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56682,13271],{"class":53},[47,56684,58],{"class":57},[47,56686,3815],{"class":98},[47,56688,128],{"class":61},[47,56690,876],{"class":65},[47,56692,128],{"class":61},[47,56694,136],{"class":98},[47,56696,62],{"class":61},[47,56698,894],{"class":65},[47,56700,128],{"class":61},[47,56702,3828],{"class":98},[47,56704,56705,56707,56709,56711,56713,56715],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56706,13312],{"class":53},[47,56708,58],{"class":57},[47,56710,13317],{"class":53},[47,56712,445],{"class":98},[47,56714,13106],{"class":102},[47,56716,8836],{"class":98},[47,56718,56719],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,56720,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56722,56723,56725,56727,56729],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,56724,95],{"class":94},[47,56726,99],{"class":98},[47,56728,13336],{"class":102},[47,56730,106],{"class":98},[20,56732,56733],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[38,56735,56737],{"className":40,"code":56736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56738,56739,56763,56773,56777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56740,56741,56743,56745,56747,56749,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759,56761],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56742,13271],{"class":53},[47,56744,58],{"class":57},[47,56746,3815],{"class":98},[47,56748,128],{"class":61},[47,56750,876],{"class":65},[47,56752,128],{"class":61},[47,56754,136],{"class":98},[47,56756,62],{"class":61},[47,56758,894],{"class":65},[47,56760,128],{"class":61},[47,56762,3828],{"class":98},[47,56764,56765,56767,56769,56771],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56766,17698],{"class":53},[47,56768,445],{"class":98},[47,56770,13106],{"class":102},[47,56772,8836],{"class":98},[47,56774,56775],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,56776,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56778,56779,56781,56783,56785],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,56780,95],{"class":94},[47,56782,99],{"class":98},[47,56784,17698],{"class":102},[47,56786,106],{"class":98},[20,56788,56789,56790,56792],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56791,12971],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[33,56794,5158,56796],{"id":56795},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56797,55785],{},[20,56799,167,56800,10794],{},[15,56801,55785],{},[187,56803,56804,56807,56810,56813],{},[190,56805,56806],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[190,56808,56809],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[190,56811,56812],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[190,56814,56815,56816],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56817,56818],{},"[:]",[20,56820,204],{},[38,56822,56824],{"className":40,"code":56823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56825,56826,56846,56861,56865,56880,56884,56894],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56827,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836,56838,56840,56842,56844],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56829,5261],{"class":53},[47,56831,58],{"class":57},[47,56833,3815],{"class":98},[47,56835,582],{"class":80},[47,56837,136],{"class":98},[47,56839,7986],{"class":80},[47,56841,136],{"class":98},[47,56843,7991],{"class":80},[47,56845,3828],{"class":98},[47,56847,56848,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56849,56850],{"class":53},"backup_scores ",[47,56852,58],{"class":57},[47,56854,5307],{"class":53},[47,56856,445],{"class":98},[47,56858,13106],{"class":102},[47,56860,8836],{"class":98},[47,56862,56863],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,56864,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56866,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56878],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,56868,16584],{"class":53},[47,56870,445],{"class":98},[47,56872,13747],{"class":102},[47,56874,99],{"class":98},[47,56876,56877],{"class":80},"40",[47,56879,106],{"class":98},[47,56881,56882],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,56883,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,56885,56886,56888,56890,56892],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,56887,95],{"class":94},[47,56889,99],{"class":98},[47,56891,16584],{"class":102},[47,56893,106],{"class":98},[47,56895,56896,56898,56900,56903],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,56897,95],{"class":94},[47,56899,99],{"class":98},[47,56901,56902],{"class":102},"backup_scores",[47,56904,106],{"class":98},[20,56906,144],{},[38,56908,56910],{"className":40,"code":56909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56911,56912,56932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56913,56914,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56915,4092],{"class":98},[47,56917,582],{"class":80},[47,56919,136],{"class":98},[47,56921,7986],{"class":80},[47,56923,136],{"class":98},[47,56925,7991],{"class":80},[47,56927,136],{"class":98},[47,56929,51030],{"class":80},[47,56931,3828],{"class":98},[47,56933,56934,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944,56946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56935,4092],{"class":98},[47,56937,582],{"class":80},[47,56939,136],{"class":98},[47,56941,7986],{"class":80},[47,56943,136],{"class":98},[47,56945,7991],{"class":80},[47,56947,3828],{"class":98},[20,56949,56950,56951,445],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[594,56952,55704,56954,10934],{"href":56953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56955,52838],{},[33,56957,4713],{"id":4712},[20,56959,56960,56961,445],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56962,55785],{},[447,56964,1654,56966,56968],{"id":56965},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56967,58],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56970,39390],{},[38,56972,56974],{"className":40,"code":56973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56975,56976,56996,57004,57018,57022],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,56977,56978,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,56979,2750],{"class":53},[47,56981,58],{"class":57},[47,56983,3815],{"class":98},[47,56985,1476],{"class":80},[47,56987,136],{"class":98},[47,56989,1562],{"class":80},[47,56991,136],{"class":98},[47,56993,249],{"class":80},[47,56995,3828],{"class":98},[47,56997,56998,57000,57002],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,56999,2777],{"class":53},[47,57001,58],{"class":57},[47,57003,36369],{"class":53},[47,57005,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,57007,4957],{"class":53},[47,57009,445],{"class":98},[47,57011,13747],{"class":102},[47,57013,99],{"class":98},[47,57015,2700],{"class":80},[47,57017,106],{"class":98},[47,57019,57020],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,57021,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,57023,57024,57026,57028,57030,57032],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,57025,95],{"class":94},[47,57027,99],{"class":98},[47,57029,594],{"class":102},[47,57031,3854],{"class":98},[47,57033,55885],{"class":3857},[20,57035,57036,57037,6825],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57038,12971],{},[38,57040,57042],{"className":40,"code":57041,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57043,57044,57064,57079,57093,57097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57045,57046,57048,57050,57052,57054,57056,57058,57060,57062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57047,2750],{"class":53},[47,57049,58],{"class":57},[47,57051,3815],{"class":98},[47,57053,1476],{"class":80},[47,57055,136],{"class":98},[47,57057,1562],{"class":80},[47,57059,136],{"class":98},[47,57061,249],{"class":80},[47,57063,3828],{"class":98},[47,57065,57066,57068,57070,57073,57075,57077],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57067,2777],{"class":53},[47,57069,58],{"class":57},[47,57071,57072],{"class":53}," a",[47,57074,445],{"class":98},[47,57076,13106],{"class":102},[47,57078,8836],{"class":98},[47,57080,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,57082,4957],{"class":53},[47,57084,445],{"class":98},[47,57086,13747],{"class":102},[47,57088,99],{"class":98},[47,57090,2700],{"class":80},[47,57092,106],{"class":98},[47,57094,57095],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,57096,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,57098,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,57100,95],{"class":94},[47,57102,99],{"class":98},[47,57104,594],{"class":102},[47,57106,3854],{"class":98},[47,57108,55116],{"class":3857},[447,57110,57112],{"id":57111},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[38,57114,57116],{"className":40,"code":57115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57117,57118,57138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57119,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57121,3810],{"class":53},[47,57123,58],{"class":57},[47,57125,3815],{"class":98},[47,57127,1476],{"class":80},[47,57129,136],{"class":98},[47,57131,1562],{"class":80},[47,57133,136],{"class":98},[47,57135,249],{"class":80},[47,57137,3828],{"class":98},[47,57139,57140,57142,57144,57146],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57141,195],{"class":53},[47,57143,445],{"class":98},[47,57145,13106],{"class":102},[47,57147,8836],{"class":98},[20,57149,57150],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57152,39453],{},[38,57154,57156],{"className":40,"code":57155,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57157,57158,57178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57159,57160,57162,57164,57166,57168,57170,57172,57174,57176],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57161,3810],{"class":53},[47,57163,58],{"class":57},[47,57165,3815],{"class":98},[47,57167,1476],{"class":80},[47,57169,136],{"class":98},[47,57171,1562],{"class":80},[47,57173,136],{"class":98},[47,57175,249],{"class":80},[47,57177,3828],{"class":98},[47,57179,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57181,56340],{"class":53},[47,57183,58],{"class":57},[47,57185,4457],{"class":53},[47,57187,445],{"class":98},[47,57189,13106],{"class":102},[47,57191,8836],{"class":98},[447,57193,57195],{"id":57194},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[38,57197,57199],{"className":40,"code":57198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57200,57201,57219,57233,57237,57255,57259],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57202,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215,57217],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57204,2750],{"class":53},[47,57206,58],{"class":57},[47,57208,56478],{"class":98},[47,57210,1476],{"class":80},[47,57212,18258],{"class":98},[47,57214,3815],{"class":98},[47,57216,243],{"class":80},[47,57218,53427],{"class":98},[47,57220,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57222,2777],{"class":53},[47,57224,58],{"class":57},[47,57226,57072],{"class":53},[47,57228,445],{"class":98},[47,57230,13106],{"class":102},[47,57232,8836],{"class":98},[47,57234,57235],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,57236,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,57238,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,57240,4957],{"class":53},[47,57242,4092],{"class":98},[47,57244,2321],{"class":80},[47,57246,13744],{"class":98},[47,57248,13747],{"class":102},[47,57250,99],{"class":98},[47,57252,56531],{"class":80},[47,57254,106],{"class":98},[47,57256,57257],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,57258,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,57260,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,57262,95],{"class":94},[47,57264,99],{"class":98},[47,57266,594],{"class":102},[47,57268,3854],{"class":98},[47,57270,57271],{"class":3857},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57273,57274,57275,57277],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57276,55785],{}," is shallow.",[447,57279,25815,57281,57283],{"id":57280},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57282,12971],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57285,57286,57288],{},[15,57287,12971],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[38,57290,57292],{"className":40,"code":57291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57293,57294,57306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57295,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57297,54],{"class":53},[47,57299,58],{"class":57},[47,57301,62],{"class":61},[47,57303,5201],{"class":65},[47,57305,69],{"class":61},[47,57307,57308],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57309,57310],{"class":3857},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57312,57313],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[38,57315,57317],{"className":40,"code":57316,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57318,57319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57320,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329,57331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57322,95],{"class":94},[47,57324,99],{"class":98},[47,57326,1922],{"class":1788},[47,57328,99],{"class":98},[47,57330,103],{"class":102},[47,57332,1796],{"class":98},[20,57334,57335,57336,57340],{},"You can also review ",[594,57337,57339],{"href":57338},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[33,57342,1969],{"id":1968},[447,57344,1973,57346,57348],{"id":57345},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57347,55785],{}," change the original list?",[20,57350,57351],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[447,57353,2055,57355,839,57357,2009],{"id":57354},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57356,55785],{},[15,57358,58],{},[20,57360,57361,57363,57364,57366],{},[15,57362,12971],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57365,58],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[447,57368,15097,57370,15100],{"id":57369},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57371,55785],{},[20,57373,57374],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[447,57376,57378],{"id":57377},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57380,42342,57381,57384],{},[15,57382,57383],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[447,57386,15097,57388,57390,57391,2009],{"id":57387},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57389,55785],{}," the same as ",[15,57392,56818],{},[20,57394,57395],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[33,57397,2075],{"id":2074},[187,57399,57400,57405,57409,57414,57420],{},[190,57401,57402],{},[594,57403,15159],{"href":57404},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[190,57406,57407],{},[594,57408,52956],{"href":51164},[190,57410,57411],{},[594,57412,57413],{"href":57338},"Creating a list in Python",[190,57415,57416],{},[594,57417,55704,57418,10934],{"href":56953},[15,57419,52838],{},[190,57421,57422],{},[594,57423,13985],{"href":13984},[2110,57425,57426],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":57428},[57429,57430,57432,57433,57435,57436,57437,57439,57447,57458],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":55895,"depth":72,"text":57431},"What list.copy() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":56166,"depth":72,"text":57434},"Why not use =",{"id":56444,"depth":72,"text":56445},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":56795,"depth":72,"text":57438},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":57440},[57441,57443,57444,57445],{"id":56965,"depth":84,"text":57442},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57111,"depth":84,"text":57112},{"id":57194,"depth":84,"text":57195},{"id":57280,"depth":84,"text":57446},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":57448},[57449,57451,57453,57455,57456],{"id":57345,"depth":84,"text":57450},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57354,"depth":84,"text":57452},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57369,"depth":84,"text":57454},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57377,"depth":84,"text":57378},{"id":57387,"depth":84,"text":57457},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55773,"description":57459},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57466,"title":57467,"body":57468,"description":59209,"extension":2167,"meta":59210,"navigation":87,"path":59211,"seo":59212,"stem":59213,"__hash__":59214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57469,"toc":59168},[57470,57476,57482,57485,57496,57499,57501,57564,57570,57575,57579,57593,57596,57601,57606,57608,57610,57629,57641,57643,57710,57712,57720,57725,57727,57735,57738,57755,57757,57881,57892,57896,57901,57904,57906,57924,57928,58013,58022,58030,58099,58101,58104,58116,58121,58125,58196,58199,58203,58207,58272,58274,58282,58286,58369,58371,58379,58383,58444,58446,58454,58458,58545,58547,58555,58560,58565,58568,58579,58581,58666,58671,58680,58682,58686,58690,58695,58757,58761,58769,58775,58784,58789,58838,58841,58862,58866,58928,58935,58940,58943,59030,59033,59044,59047,59067,59069,59075,59078,59082,59086,59092,59095,59101,59108,59116,59127,59129,59165],[10,57471,54526,57473,11516],{"id":57472},"python-list-count-method",[15,57474,57475],{},"count()",[20,57477,57478,57481],{},[15,57479,57480],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57483,57484],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[187,57486,57487,57490,57493],{},[190,57488,57489],{},"count one specific item",[190,57491,57492],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[190,57494,57495],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57497,57498],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[33,57500,3800],{"id":3799},[38,57502,57504],{"className":40,"code":57503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57505,57506,57534,57552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57507,57508,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57509,3810],{"class":53},[47,57511,58],{"class":57},[47,57513,3815],{"class":98},[47,57515,1476],{"class":80},[47,57517,136],{"class":98},[47,57519,1562],{"class":80},[47,57521,136],{"class":98},[47,57523,1562],{"class":80},[47,57525,136],{"class":98},[47,57527,249],{"class":80},[47,57529,136],{"class":98},[47,57531,1562],{"class":80},[47,57533,3828],{"class":98},[47,57535,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548,57550],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57537,1290],{"class":53},[47,57539,58],{"class":57},[47,57541,4457],{"class":53},[47,57543,445],{"class":98},[47,57545,41449],{"class":102},[47,57547,99],{"class":98},[47,57549,243],{"class":80},[47,57551,106],{"class":98},[47,57553,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,57555,95],{"class":94},[47,57557,99],{"class":98},[47,57559,1315],{"class":102},[47,57561,3854],{"class":98},[47,57563,50957],{"class":3857},[20,57565,167,57566,57569],{},[15,57567,57568],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[33,57571,174,57573,177],{"id":57572},"what-listcount-does",[15,57574,57480],{},[20,57576,57577,420],{},[15,57578,57480],{},[187,57580,57581,57584,57587,57590],{},[190,57582,57583],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[190,57585,57586],{},"returns an integer",[190,57588,57589],{},"does not change the original list",[190,57591,57592],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57594,57595],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57597,57598,57599,445],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57600,2263],{},[20,57602,57603,57604,445],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57605,2321],{},[33,57607,290],{"id":289},[20,57609,2360],{},[38,57611,57613],{"className":40,"code":57612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57614,57615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57616,57617,57619,57621,57623,57625,57627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57618,8533],{"class":53},[47,57620,445],{"class":98},[47,57622,41449],{"class":102},[47,57624,99],{"class":98},[47,57626,2668],{"class":102},[47,57628,106],{"class":98},[187,57630,57631,57636],{},[190,57632,57633,57635],{},[15,57634,8533],{}," is the list you want to search",[190,57637,57638,57640],{},[15,57639,2668],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57642,204],{},[38,57644,57646],{"className":40,"code":57645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57647,57648,57688],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57649,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57651,36284],{"class":53},[47,57653,58],{"class":57},[47,57655,3815],{"class":98},[47,57657,128],{"class":61},[47,57659,594],{"class":65},[47,57661,128],{"class":61},[47,57663,136],{"class":98},[47,57665,62],{"class":61},[47,57667,4957],{"class":65},[47,57669,128],{"class":61},[47,57671,136],{"class":98},[47,57673,62],{"class":61},[47,57675,594],{"class":65},[47,57677,128],{"class":61},[47,57679,136],{"class":98},[47,57681,62],{"class":61},[47,57683,9931],{"class":65},[47,57685,128],{"class":61},[47,57687,3828],{"class":98},[47,57689,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57691,95],{"class":94},[47,57693,99],{"class":98},[47,57695,36337],{"class":102},[47,57697,445],{"class":98},[47,57699,41449],{"class":102},[47,57701,99],{"class":98},[47,57703,128],{"class":61},[47,57705,594],{"class":65},[47,57707,128],{"class":61},[47,57709,1796],{"class":98},[20,57711,144],{},[38,57713,57714],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,57715,57716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57717,57718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57719,17252],{"class":80},[20,57721,57722,57723,445],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57724,2321],{},[33,57726,38212],{"id":38211},[20,57728,57729,57730,57732,57733,445],{},"The return value from ",[15,57731,57475],{}," is always an ",[15,57734,2389],{},[20,57736,57737],{},"Possible results:",[187,57739,57740,57745,57750],{},[190,57741,57742,57744],{},[15,57743,2321],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[190,57746,57747,57749],{},[15,57748,1476],{}," if it appears once",[190,57751,57752,57754],{},[15,57753,243],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57756,204],{},[38,57758,57760],{"className":40,"code":57759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57761,57762,57802,57806,57831,57856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57763,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57765,13271],{"class":53},[47,57767,58],{"class":57},[47,57769,3815],{"class":98},[47,57771,128],{"class":61},[47,57773,876],{"class":65},[47,57775,128],{"class":61},[47,57777,136],{"class":98},[47,57779,62],{"class":61},[47,57781,894],{"class":65},[47,57783,128],{"class":61},[47,57785,136],{"class":98},[47,57787,62],{"class":61},[47,57789,885],{"class":65},[47,57791,128],{"class":61},[47,57793,136],{"class":98},[47,57795,62],{"class":61},[47,57797,894],{"class":65},[47,57799,128],{"class":61},[47,57801,3828],{"class":98},[47,57803,57804],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57805,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,57807,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,57809,95],{"class":94},[47,57811,99],{"class":98},[47,57813,17698],{"class":102},[47,57815,445],{"class":98},[47,57817,41449],{"class":102},[47,57819,99],{"class":98},[47,57821,128],{"class":61},[47,57823,894],{"class":65},[47,57825,128],{"class":61},[47,57827,5556],{"class":98},[47,57829,57830],{"class":3857},"   # 2\n",[47,57832,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,57834,95],{"class":94},[47,57836,99],{"class":98},[47,57838,17698],{"class":102},[47,57840,445],{"class":98},[47,57842,41449],{"class":102},[47,57844,99],{"class":98},[47,57846,128],{"class":61},[47,57848,876],{"class":65},[47,57850,128],{"class":61},[47,57852,5556],{"class":98},[47,57854,57855],{"class":3857},"    # 1\n",[47,57857,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,57859,95],{"class":94},[47,57861,99],{"class":98},[47,57863,17698],{"class":102},[47,57865,445],{"class":98},[47,57867,41449],{"class":102},[47,57869,99],{"class":98},[47,57871,128],{"class":61},[47,57873,22721],{"class":65},[47,57875,128],{"class":61},[47,57877,5556],{"class":98},[47,57879,57880],{"class":3857}," # 0\n",[20,57882,57883,57884,57886,57887,57889,57890,445],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57885,57475],{}," works, but using ",[15,57888,1468],{}," is often simpler. See ",[594,57891,6392],{"href":6391},[33,57893,57895],{"id":57894},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57897,57898,57900],{},[15,57899,57480],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57902,57903],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57905,43840],{},[187,57907,57908,57911,57914,57921],{},[190,57909,57910],{},"matches are based on equality",[190,57912,57913],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[190,57915,57916,839,57918,57920],{},[15,57917,1476],{},[15,57919,3795],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[190,57922,57923],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[447,57925,57927],{"id":57926},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[38,57929,57931],{"className":40,"code":57930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57932,57933,57965,57989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,57934,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,57936,4263],{"class":53},[47,57938,58],{"class":57},[47,57940,3815],{"class":98},[47,57942,128],{"class":61},[47,57944,4272],{"class":65},[47,57946,128],{"class":61},[47,57948,136],{"class":98},[47,57950,62],{"class":61},[47,57952,351],{"class":65},[47,57954,128],{"class":61},[47,57956,136],{"class":98},[47,57958,62],{"class":61},[47,57960,4272],{"class":65},[47,57962,128],{"class":61},[47,57964,3828],{"class":98},[47,57966,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,57968,95],{"class":94},[47,57970,99],{"class":98},[47,57972,4307],{"class":102},[47,57974,445],{"class":98},[47,57976,41449],{"class":102},[47,57978,99],{"class":98},[47,57980,128],{"class":61},[47,57982,4272],{"class":65},[47,57984,128],{"class":61},[47,57986,5556],{"class":98},[47,57988,51600],{"class":3857},[47,57990,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,57992,95],{"class":94},[47,57994,99],{"class":98},[47,57996,4307],{"class":102},[47,57998,445],{"class":98},[47,58000,41449],{"class":102},[47,58002,99],{"class":98},[47,58004,128],{"class":61},[47,58006,351],{"class":65},[47,58008,128],{"class":61},[47,58010,5556],{"class":98},[47,58012,27979],{"class":3857},[20,58014,58015,839,58018,58021],{},[15,58016,58017],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58019,58020],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[447,58023,58025,839,58027,58029],{"id":58024},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58026,1476],{},[15,58028,3795],{}," can match",[38,58031,58033],{"className":40,"code":58032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58034,58035,58059,58079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58036,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58038,4015],{"class":53},[47,58040,58],{"class":57},[47,58042,3815],{"class":98},[47,58044,1476],{"class":80},[47,58046,136],{"class":98},[47,58048,4108],{"class":1334},[47,58050,136],{"class":98},[47,58052,1562],{"class":80},[47,58054,136],{"class":98},[47,58056,1545],{"class":80},[47,58058,3828],{"class":98},[47,58060,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58062,95],{"class":94},[47,58064,99],{"class":98},[47,58066,5553],{"class":102},[47,58068,445],{"class":98},[47,58070,41449],{"class":102},[47,58072,99],{"class":98},[47,58074,1476],{"class":80},[47,58076,5556],{"class":98},[47,58078,51105],{"class":3857},[47,58080,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,58082,95],{"class":94},[47,58084,99],{"class":98},[47,58086,5553],{"class":102},[47,58088,445],{"class":98},[47,58090,41449],{"class":102},[47,58092,99],{"class":98},[47,58094,3795],{"class":1334},[47,58096,5556],{"class":98},[47,58098,50957],{"class":3857},[20,58100,4604],{},[20,58102,58103],{},"In Python:",[187,58105,58106,58111],{},[190,58107,58108],{},[15,58109,58110],{},"True == 1",[190,58112,58113],{},[15,58114,58115],{},"False == 0",[20,58117,53838,58118,58120],{},[15,58119,57475],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[447,58122,58124],{"id":58123},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[38,58126,58128],{"className":40,"code":58127,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58129,58130,58172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58131,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58133,7975],{"class":53},[47,58135,58],{"class":57},[47,58137,56478],{"class":98},[47,58139,1476],{"class":80},[47,58141,136],{"class":98},[47,58143,1562],{"class":80},[47,58145,18258],{"class":98},[47,58147,3815],{"class":98},[47,58149,2263],{"class":80},[47,58151,136],{"class":98},[47,58153,393],{"class":80},[47,58155,18258],{"class":98},[47,58157,3815],{"class":98},[47,58159,1476],{"class":80},[47,58161,136],{"class":98},[47,58163,1562],{"class":80},[47,58165,18258],{"class":98},[47,58167,3815],{"class":98},[47,58169,1476],{"class":80},[47,58171,53427],{"class":98},[47,58173,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58175,95],{"class":94},[47,58177,99],{"class":98},[47,58179,8006],{"class":102},[47,58181,445],{"class":98},[47,58183,41449],{"class":102},[47,58185,3178],{"class":98},[47,58187,1476],{"class":80},[47,58189,136],{"class":98},[47,58191,1562],{"class":80},[47,58193,4931],{"class":98},[47,58195,51600],{"class":3857},[20,58197,58198],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[33,58200,58202],{"id":58201},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[447,58204,58206],{"id":58205},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[38,58208,58210],{"className":40,"code":58209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58211,58212,58240,58258,58262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58213,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58215,3810],{"class":53},[47,58217,58],{"class":57},[47,58219,3815],{"class":98},[47,58221,582],{"class":80},[47,58223,136],{"class":98},[47,58225,7986],{"class":80},[47,58227,136],{"class":98},[47,58229,373],{"class":80},[47,58231,136],{"class":98},[47,58233,7991],{"class":80},[47,58235,136],{"class":98},[47,58237,373],{"class":80},[47,58239,3828],{"class":98},[47,58241,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58243,1290],{"class":53},[47,58245,58],{"class":57},[47,58247,4457],{"class":53},[47,58249,445],{"class":98},[47,58251,41449],{"class":102},[47,58253,99],{"class":98},[47,58255,582],{"class":80},[47,58257,106],{"class":98},[47,58259,58260],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,58261,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,58263,58264,58266,58268,58270],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,58265,95],{"class":94},[47,58267,99],{"class":98},[47,58269,1315],{"class":102},[47,58271,106],{"class":98},[20,58273,144],{},[38,58275,58276],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58277,58278],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58279,58280],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58281,46804],{"class":80},[447,58283,58285],{"id":58284},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[38,58287,58289],{"className":40,"code":58288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58290,58291,58333,58355,58359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58292,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58329,58331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58294,4263],{"class":53},[47,58296,58],{"class":57},[47,58298,3815],{"class":98},[47,58300,128],{"class":61},[47,58302,37239],{"class":65},[47,58304,128],{"class":61},[47,58306,136],{"class":98},[47,58308,62],{"class":61},[47,58310,58311],{"class":65},"dog",[47,58313,128],{"class":61},[47,58315,136],{"class":98},[47,58317,62],{"class":61},[47,58319,37239],{"class":65},[47,58321,128],{"class":61},[47,58323,136],{"class":98},[47,58325,62],{"class":61},[47,58327,58328],{"class":65},"bird",[47,58330,128],{"class":61},[47,58332,3828],{"class":98},[47,58334,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58336,1290],{"class":53},[47,58338,58],{"class":57},[47,58340,6362],{"class":53},[47,58342,445],{"class":98},[47,58344,41449],{"class":102},[47,58346,99],{"class":98},[47,58348,128],{"class":61},[47,58350,37239],{"class":65},[47,58352,128],{"class":61},[47,58354,106],{"class":98},[47,58356,58357],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,58358,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,58360,58361,58363,58365,58367],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,58362,95],{"class":94},[47,58364,99],{"class":98},[47,58366,1315],{"class":102},[47,58368,106],{"class":98},[20,58370,144],{},[38,58372,58373],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58374,58375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58376,58377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58378,17252],{"class":80},[447,58380,58382],{"id":58381},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[38,58384,58386],{"className":40,"code":58385,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58387,58388,58412,58430,58434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58389,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398,58400,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58391,3810],{"class":53},[47,58393,58],{"class":57},[47,58395,3815],{"class":98},[47,58397,1476],{"class":80},[47,58399,136],{"class":98},[47,58401,1562],{"class":80},[47,58403,136],{"class":98},[47,58405,249],{"class":80},[47,58407,136],{"class":98},[47,58409,393],{"class":80},[47,58411,3828],{"class":98},[47,58413,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58415,1290],{"class":53},[47,58417,58],{"class":57},[47,58419,4457],{"class":53},[47,58421,445],{"class":98},[47,58423,41449],{"class":102},[47,58425,99],{"class":98},[47,58427,232],{"class":80},[47,58429,106],{"class":98},[47,58431,58432],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,58433,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,58435,58436,58438,58440,58442],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,58437,95],{"class":94},[47,58439,99],{"class":98},[47,58441,1315],{"class":102},[47,58443,106],{"class":98},[20,58445,144],{},[38,58447,58448],{"className":40,"code":47439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58449,58450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58451,58452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58453,47439],{"class":80},[447,58455,58457],{"id":58456},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[38,58459,58461],{"className":40,"code":58460,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58462,58463,58509,58531,58535],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58464,58465,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483,58485,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58466,9359],{"class":53},[47,58468,58],{"class":57},[47,58470,56478],{"class":98},[47,58472,1476],{"class":80},[47,58474,136],{"class":98},[47,58476,1562],{"class":80},[47,58478,18258],{"class":98},[47,58480,3815],{"class":98},[47,58482,1476],{"class":80},[47,58484,136],{"class":98},[47,58486,1562],{"class":80},[47,58488,18258],{"class":98},[47,58490,3815],{"class":98},[47,58492,243],{"class":80},[47,58494,136],{"class":98},[47,58496,249],{"class":80},[47,58498,18258],{"class":98},[47,58500,3815],{"class":98},[47,58502,1476],{"class":80},[47,58504,136],{"class":98},[47,58506,1562],{"class":80},[47,58508,53427],{"class":98},[47,58510,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521,58523,58525,58527,58529],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58512,1290],{"class":53},[47,58514,58],{"class":57},[47,58516,14760],{"class":53},[47,58518,445],{"class":98},[47,58520,41449],{"class":102},[47,58522,3178],{"class":98},[47,58524,1476],{"class":80},[47,58526,136],{"class":98},[47,58528,1562],{"class":80},[47,58530,4080],{"class":98},[47,58532,58533],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,58534,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,58536,58537,58539,58541,58543],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,58538,95],{"class":94},[47,58540,99],{"class":98},[47,58542,1315],{"class":102},[47,58544,106],{"class":98},[20,58546,144],{},[38,58548,58549],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,58550,58551],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58552,58553],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58554,46804],{"class":80},[33,58556,5158,58558],{"id":58557},"when-to-use-count",[15,58559,57475],{},[20,58561,167,58562,58564],{},[15,58563,57475],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58566,58567],{},"Good use cases:",[187,58569,58570,58573,58576],{},[190,58571,58572],{},"counting one specific item",[190,58574,58575],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[190,58577,58578],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58580,204],{},[38,58582,58584],{"className":40,"code":58583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58585,58586,58627,58651,58655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58587,58588,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58589,58590],{"class":53},"votes ",[47,58592,58],{"class":57},[47,58594,3815],{"class":98},[47,58596,128],{"class":61},[47,58598,8851],{"class":65},[47,58600,128],{"class":61},[47,58602,136],{"class":98},[47,58604,62],{"class":61},[47,58606,8790],{"class":65},[47,58608,128],{"class":61},[47,58610,136],{"class":98},[47,58612,62],{"class":61},[47,58614,8851],{"class":65},[47,58616,128],{"class":61},[47,58618,136],{"class":98},[47,58620,62],{"class":61},[47,58622,8851],{"class":65},[47,58624,128],{"class":61},[47,58626,3828],{"class":98},[47,58628,58629,58632,58634,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58630,58631],{"class":53},"yes_votes ",[47,58633,58],{"class":57},[47,58635,58636],{"class":53}," votes",[47,58638,445],{"class":98},[47,58640,41449],{"class":102},[47,58642,99],{"class":98},[47,58644,128],{"class":61},[47,58646,8851],{"class":65},[47,58648,128],{"class":61},[47,58650,106],{"class":98},[47,58652,58653],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,58654,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,58656,58657,58659,58661,58664],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,58658,95],{"class":94},[47,58660,99],{"class":98},[47,58662,58663],{"class":102},"yes_votes",[47,58665,106],{"class":98},[20,58667,58668,58670],{},[15,58669,57475],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58672,58673,58674,839,58676,445],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[594,58675,52956],{"href":51164},[594,58677,58679],{"href":58678},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[33,58681,1595],{"id":1594},[20,58683,8640,58684,445],{},[15,58685,57480],{},[447,58687,58689],{"id":58688},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58691,58692,58694],{},[15,58693,57480],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[38,58696,58698],{"className":40,"code":58697,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58699,58700,58733],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58701,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58703,4263],{"class":53},[47,58705,58],{"class":57},[47,58707,3815],{"class":98},[47,58709,128],{"class":61},[47,58711,58712],{"class":65},"apple pie",[47,58714,128],{"class":61},[47,58716,136],{"class":98},[47,58718,62],{"class":61},[47,58720,4281],{"class":65},[47,58722,128],{"class":61},[47,58724,136],{"class":98},[47,58726,62],{"class":61},[47,58728,58712],{"class":65},[47,58730,128],{"class":61},[47,58732,3828],{"class":98},[47,58734,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58736,95],{"class":94},[47,58738,99],{"class":98},[47,58740,4307],{"class":102},[47,58742,445],{"class":98},[47,58744,41449],{"class":102},[47,58746,99],{"class":98},[47,58748,128],{"class":61},[47,58750,4272],{"class":65},[47,58752,128],{"class":61},[47,58754,5556],{"class":98},[47,58756,51432],{"class":3857},[20,58758,2684,58759,2009],{},[15,58760,2321],{},[20,58762,2012,58763,58765,58766,445],{},[15,58764,58017],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58767,58768],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58770,58771,58772,445],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58773,58774],{},"str.count()",[447,58776,1807,58778,8648,58780,3072,58782],{"id":58777},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58779,57475],{},[15,58781,3795],{},[15,58783,3868],{},[20,58785,58786,58788],{},[15,58787,57475],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[38,58790,58792],{"className":40,"code":58791,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58793,58794,58818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58795,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58797,3810],{"class":53},[47,58799,58],{"class":57},[47,58801,3815],{"class":98},[47,58803,1476],{"class":80},[47,58805,136],{"class":98},[47,58807,1562],{"class":80},[47,58809,136],{"class":98},[47,58811,1562],{"class":80},[47,58813,136],{"class":98},[47,58815,249],{"class":80},[47,58817,3828],{"class":98},[47,58819,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58821,95],{"class":94},[47,58823,99],{"class":98},[47,58825,195],{"class":102},[47,58827,445],{"class":98},[47,58829,41449],{"class":102},[47,58831,99],{"class":98},[47,58833,243],{"class":80},[47,58835,5556],{"class":98},[47,58837,51600],{"class":3857},[20,58839,58840],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[38,58842,58844],{"className":40,"code":58843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58845,58846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58847,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58849,95],{"class":94},[47,58851,99],{"class":98},[47,58853,243],{"class":80},[47,58855,21371],{"class":1461},[47,58857,4457],{"class":102},[47,58859,3854],{"class":98},[47,58861,3858],{"class":3857},[447,58863,58865],{"id":58864},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[38,58867,58869],{"className":40,"code":58868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58870,58871,58904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58872,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897,58900,58902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58874,5192],{"class":53},[47,58876,58],{"class":57},[47,58878,3815],{"class":98},[47,58880,128],{"class":61},[47,58882,7872],{"class":65},[47,58884,128],{"class":61},[47,58886,136],{"class":98},[47,58888,62],{"class":61},[47,58890,20415],{"class":65},[47,58892,128],{"class":61},[47,58894,136],{"class":98},[47,58896,62],{"class":61},[47,58898,58899],{"class":65},"SAM",[47,58901,128],{"class":61},[47,58903,3828],{"class":98},[47,58905,58906,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58907,95],{"class":94},[47,58909,99],{"class":98},[47,58911,5236],{"class":102},[47,58913,445],{"class":98},[47,58915,41449],{"class":102},[47,58917,99],{"class":98},[47,58919,128],{"class":61},[47,58921,20415],{"class":65},[47,58923,128],{"class":61},[47,58925,5556],{"class":98},[47,58927,27979],{"class":3857},[20,58929,58930,58931,58934],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58932,58933],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[447,58936,29848,58938,33746],{"id":58937},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58939,57475],{},[20,58941,58942],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[38,58944,58946],{"className":40,"code":58945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58947,58948,58958,58972,58990,59004,59016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,58949,58950,58952,58954,58956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,58951,95],{"class":94},[47,58953,99],{"class":98},[47,58955,8533],{"class":102},[47,58957,106],{"class":98},[47,58959,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,58961,95],{"class":94},[47,58963,99],{"class":98},[47,58965,1922],{"class":1788},[47,58967,99],{"class":98},[47,58969,8533],{"class":102},[47,58971,1796],{"class":98},[47,58973,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,58975,95],{"class":94},[47,58977,99],{"class":98},[47,58979,8533],{"class":102},[47,58981,445],{"class":98},[47,58983,41449],{"class":102},[47,58985,99],{"class":98},[47,58987,2668],{"class":102},[47,58989,1796],{"class":98},[47,58991,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000,59002],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,58993,95],{"class":94},[47,58995,99],{"class":98},[47,58997,2644],{"class":102},[47,58999,1468],{"class":1461},[47,59001,8589],{"class":102},[47,59003,106],{"class":98},[47,59005,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,59007,1462],{"class":1461},[47,59009,6155],{"class":53},[47,59011,1468],{"class":1461},[47,59013,8589],{"class":53},[47,59015,6586],{"class":98},[47,59017,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026,59028],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,59019,1499],{"class":94},[47,59021,99],{"class":98},[47,59023,41969],{"class":94},[47,59025,99],{"class":98},[47,59027,23508],{"class":102},[47,59029,1796],{"class":98},[20,59031,59032],{},"These checks can help you see:",[187,59034,59035,59038,59041],{},[190,59036,59037],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[190,59039,59040],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[190,59042,59043],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59045,59046],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[187,59048,59049,59054,59057,59064],{},[190,59050,50678,59051,59053],{},[15,59052,57475],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[190,59055,59056],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[190,59058,11300,59059,59061,59062],{},[15,59060,57480],{}," with string ",[15,59063,57475],{},[190,59065,59066],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[33,59068,1969],{"id":1968},[447,59070,1973,59072,59074],{"id":59071},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59073,57480],{}," change the list?",[20,59076,59077],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[447,59079,59081],{"id":59080},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59083,12106,59084,445],{},[15,59085,2321],{},[447,59087,1989,59089,59091],{"id":59088},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59090,57480],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59093,59094],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[447,59096,15097,59098,59100],{"id":59097},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59099,57480],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59102,42342,59103,839,59105,59107],{},[15,59104,58020],{},[15,59106,58017],{}," are different values.",[447,59109,2002,59111,59113,59114,2009],{"id":59110},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59112,3795],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59115,1476],{},[20,59117,8979,59118,59120,59121,839,59123,59120,59125,445],{},[15,59119,3795],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59122,1476],{},[15,59124,3868],{},[15,59126,2321],{},[33,59128,2075],{"id":2074},[187,59130,59131,59135,59141,59145,59153,59160],{},[190,59132,59133],{},[594,59134,52956],{"href":51164},[190,59136,59137],{},[594,59138,59140],{"href":59139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[190,59142,59143],{},[594,59144,7130],{"href":6391},[190,59146,59147],{},[594,59148,55704,59150,10934],{"href":59149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59151,59152],{},"index()",[190,59154,59155],{},[594,59156,13,59158],{"href":59157},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59159,42550],{},[190,59161,59162],{},[594,59163,59164],{"href":58678},"What is a list in Python",[2110,59166,59167],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":59169},[59170,59171,59173,59174,59175,59181,59187,59189,59197,59208],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":57572,"depth":72,"text":59172},"What list.count() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":38211,"depth":72,"text":38212},{"id":57894,"depth":72,"text":57895,"children":59176},[59177,59178,59180],{"id":57926,"depth":84,"text":57927},{"id":58024,"depth":84,"text":59179},"1 and True can match",{"id":58123,"depth":84,"text":58124},{"id":58201,"depth":72,"text":58202,"children":59182},[59183,59184,59185,59186],{"id":58205,"depth":84,"text":58206},{"id":58284,"depth":84,"text":58285},{"id":58381,"depth":84,"text":58382},{"id":58456,"depth":84,"text":58457},{"id":58557,"depth":72,"text":59188},"When to use count()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":59190},[59191,59192,59194,59195],{"id":58688,"depth":84,"text":58689},{"id":58777,"depth":84,"text":59193},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58864,"depth":84,"text":58865},{"id":58937,"depth":84,"text":59196},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":59198},[59199,59201,59202,59204,59206],{"id":59071,"depth":84,"text":59200},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59080,"depth":84,"text":59081},{"id":59088,"depth":84,"text":59203},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59097,"depth":84,"text":59205},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59110,"depth":84,"text":59207},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57467,"description":59209},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59216,"title":59217,"body":59218,"description":61181,"extension":2167,"meta":61182,"navigation":87,"path":61183,"seo":61184,"stem":61185,"__hash__":61186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59219,"toc":61144},[59220,59223,59226,59228,59356,59360,59441,59452,59454,59473,59477,59480,59483,59501,59503,59546,59550,59575,59584,59588,59593,59596,59713,59717,59786,59790,59802,59806,59809,59850,59854,59867,59870,59955,59959,59992,59999,60005,60010,60012,60024,60028,60061,60065,60097,60101,60138,60142,60162,60166,60200,60204,60233,60244,60248,60251,60254,60267,60324,60328,60367,60373,60376,60378,60381,60385,60388,60413,60415,60440,60447,60450,60495,60499,60518,60521,60560,60567,60572,60606,60610,60711,60718,60751,60755,60781,60785,60788,60826,60829,60866,60870,60873,60892,60896,60957,60959,60977,60981,60984,60987,61016,61018,61022,61025,61033,61037,61040,61060,61066,61072,61076,61079,61086,61094,61096,61135,61141],[10,59221,59217],{"id":59222},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59224,59225],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[33,59227,3800],{"id":3799},[38,59229,59231],{"className":40,"code":59230,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59232,59233,59253,59285,59293,59311,59315,59325,59335,59346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59234,59235,59237,59239,59241,59243,59245,59247,59249,59251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59236,3810],{"class":53},[47,59238,58],{"class":57},[47,59240,3815],{"class":98},[47,59242,1476],{"class":80},[47,59244,136],{"class":98},[47,59246,1562],{"class":80},[47,59248,136],{"class":98},[47,59250,249],{"class":80},[47,59252,3828],{"class":98},[47,59254,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279,59281,59283],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59256,5192],{"class":53},[47,59258,58],{"class":57},[47,59260,3815],{"class":98},[47,59262,128],{"class":61},[47,59264,13075],{"class":65},[47,59266,128],{"class":61},[47,59268,136],{"class":98},[47,59270,62],{"class":61},[47,59272,36135],{"class":65},[47,59274,128],{"class":61},[47,59276,136],{"class":98},[47,59278,62],{"class":61},[47,59280,36144],{"class":65},[47,59282,128],{"class":61},[47,59284,3828],{"class":98},[47,59286,59287,59289,59291],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,59288,56115],{"class":53},[47,59290,58],{"class":57},[47,59292,8035],{"class":98},[47,59294,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,59296,36284],{"class":53},[47,59298,58],{"class":57},[47,59300,22757],{"class":1788},[47,59302,99],{"class":98},[47,59304,128],{"class":61},[47,59306,41750],{"class":65},[47,59308,128],{"class":61},[47,59310,106],{"class":98},[47,59312,59313],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,59314,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,59316,59317,59319,59321,59323],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,59318,95],{"class":94},[47,59320,99],{"class":98},[47,59322,195],{"class":102},[47,59324,106],{"class":98},[47,59326,59327,59329,59331,59333],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,59328,95],{"class":94},[47,59330,99],{"class":98},[47,59332,5236],{"class":102},[47,59334,106],{"class":98},[47,59336,59337,59339,59341,59344],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,59338,95],{"class":94},[47,59340,99],{"class":98},[47,59342,59343],{"class":102},"empty_list",[47,59345,106],{"class":98},[47,59347,59348,59350,59352,59354],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,59349,95],{"class":94},[47,59351,99],{"class":98},[47,59353,36337],{"class":102},[47,59355,106],{"class":98},[20,59357,59358],{},[280,59359,144],{},[38,59361,59363],{"className":40,"code":59362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59364,59365,59381,59409,59413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59366,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59368,4092],{"class":98},[47,59370,1476],{"class":80},[47,59372,136],{"class":98},[47,59374,1562],{"class":80},[47,59376,136],{"class":98},[47,59378,249],{"class":80},[47,59380,3828],{"class":98},[47,59382,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59384,4092],{"class":98},[47,59386,3493],{"class":61},[47,59388,13075],{"class":65},[47,59390,3493],{"class":61},[47,59392,136],{"class":98},[47,59394,3488],{"class":61},[47,59396,36135],{"class":65},[47,59398,3493],{"class":61},[47,59400,136],{"class":98},[47,59402,3488],{"class":61},[47,59404,36144],{"class":65},[47,59406,3493],{"class":61},[47,59408,3828],{"class":98},[47,59410,59411],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,59412,38489],{"class":98},[47,59414,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433,59435,59437,59439],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,59416,4092],{"class":98},[47,59418,3493],{"class":61},[47,59420,594],{"class":65},[47,59422,3493],{"class":61},[47,59424,136],{"class":98},[47,59426,3488],{"class":61},[47,59428,4957],{"class":65},[47,59430,3493],{"class":61},[47,59432,136],{"class":98},[47,59434,3488],{"class":61},[47,59436,9931],{"class":65},[47,59438,3493],{"class":61},[47,59440,3828],{"class":98},[20,59442,59443,59444,59446,59447,59449,59450,445],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59445,3979],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59448,24979],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59451,36392],{},[33,59453,15357],{"id":15356},[187,59455,59456,59459,59462,59465,59470],{},[190,59457,59458],{},"What a list is in Python",[190,59460,59461],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[190,59463,59464],{},"How to create an empty list",[190,59466,59467,59468,2501],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59469,24979],{},[190,59471,59472],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[33,59474,59476],{"id":59475},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59478,59479],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59481,59482],{},"This means:",[187,59484,59485,59488,59491,59494],{},[190,59486,59487],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[190,59489,59490],{},"The order of items is kept",[190,59492,59493],{},"A list can hold different data types",[190,59495,59496,59497,59500],{},"A list is ",[280,59498,59499],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59502,204],{},[38,59504,59506],{"className":40,"code":59505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59507,59508,59532,59536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59509,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59511,7975],{"class":53},[47,59513,58],{"class":57},[47,59515,3815],{"class":98},[47,59517,128],{"class":61},[47,59519,4272],{"class":65},[47,59521,128],{"class":61},[47,59523,136],{"class":98},[47,59525,373],{"class":80},[47,59527,136],{"class":98},[47,59529,4108],{"class":1334},[47,59531,3828],{"class":98},[47,59533,59534],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59535,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,59537,59538,59540,59542,59544],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,59539,95],{"class":94},[47,59541,99],{"class":98},[47,59543,8006],{"class":102},[47,59545,106],{"class":98},[20,59547,59548],{},[280,59549,144],{},[38,59551,59553],{"className":40,"code":59552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59554,59555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59556,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59558,4092],{"class":98},[47,59560,3493],{"class":61},[47,59562,4272],{"class":65},[47,59564,3493],{"class":61},[47,59566,136],{"class":98},[47,59568,373],{"class":80},[47,59570,136],{"class":98},[47,59572,4108],{"class":1334},[47,59574,3828],{"class":98},[20,59576,59577,59578,3072,59581,445],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[594,59579,59580],{"href":51164},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[594,59582,59583],{"href":58678},"What is a List in Python?",[33,59585,59587],{"id":59586},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59589,59443,59590,59592],{},[15,59591,3979],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59594,59595],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[38,59597,59599],{"className":40,"code":59598,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59600,59601,59621,59653,59678,59682,59692,59702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59602,59603,59605,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59604,3810],{"class":53},[47,59606,58],{"class":57},[47,59608,3815],{"class":98},[47,59610,1476],{"class":80},[47,59612,136],{"class":98},[47,59614,1562],{"class":80},[47,59616,136],{"class":98},[47,59618,249],{"class":80},[47,59620,3828],{"class":98},[47,59622,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59624,5192],{"class":53},[47,59626,58],{"class":57},[47,59628,3815],{"class":98},[47,59630,128],{"class":61},[47,59632,13075],{"class":65},[47,59634,128],{"class":61},[47,59636,136],{"class":98},[47,59638,62],{"class":61},[47,59640,36135],{"class":65},[47,59642,128],{"class":61},[47,59644,136],{"class":98},[47,59646,62],{"class":61},[47,59648,36144],{"class":65},[47,59650,128],{"class":61},[47,59652,3828],{"class":98},[47,59654,59655,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,59656,59657],{"class":53},"mixed ",[47,59659,58],{"class":57},[47,59661,3815],{"class":98},[47,59663,582],{"class":80},[47,59665,136],{"class":98},[47,59667,62],{"class":61},[47,59669,4038],{"class":65},[47,59671,128],{"class":61},[47,59673,136],{"class":98},[47,59675,4099],{"class":1334},[47,59677,3828],{"class":98},[47,59679,59680],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,59681,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,59683,59684,59686,59688,59690],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,59685,95],{"class":94},[47,59687,99],{"class":98},[47,59689,195],{"class":102},[47,59691,106],{"class":98},[47,59693,59694,59696,59698,59700],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,59695,95],{"class":94},[47,59697,99],{"class":98},[47,59699,5236],{"class":102},[47,59701,106],{"class":98},[47,59703,59704,59706,59708,59711],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,59705,95],{"class":94},[47,59707,99],{"class":98},[47,59709,59710],{"class":102},"mixed",[47,59712,106],{"class":98},[20,59714,59715],{},[280,59716,144],{},[38,59718,59720],{"className":40,"code":59719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59721,59722,59738,59766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59723,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59725,4092],{"class":98},[47,59727,1476],{"class":80},[47,59729,136],{"class":98},[47,59731,1562],{"class":80},[47,59733,136],{"class":98},[47,59735,249],{"class":80},[47,59737,3828],{"class":98},[47,59739,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59741,4092],{"class":98},[47,59743,3493],{"class":61},[47,59745,13075],{"class":65},[47,59747,3493],{"class":61},[47,59749,136],{"class":98},[47,59751,3488],{"class":61},[47,59753,36135],{"class":65},[47,59755,3493],{"class":61},[47,59757,136],{"class":98},[47,59759,3488],{"class":61},[47,59761,36144],{"class":65},[47,59763,3493],{"class":61},[47,59765,3828],{"class":98},[47,59767,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776,59778,59780,59782,59784],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,59769,4092],{"class":98},[47,59771,582],{"class":80},[47,59773,136],{"class":98},[47,59775,3488],{"class":61},[47,59777,4038],{"class":65},[47,59779,3493],{"class":61},[47,59781,136],{"class":98},[47,59783,4099],{"class":1334},[47,59785,3828],{"class":98},[447,59787,59789],{"id":59788},"key-points","Key points",[187,59791,59792,59797,59799],{},[190,59793,167,59794,59796],{},[15,59795,3979],{}," to make a new list",[190,59798,15627],{},[190,59800,59801],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[33,59803,59805],{"id":59804},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59807,59808],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[38,59810,59812],{"className":40,"code":59811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59813,59814,59822,59826,59836],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59815,59816,59818,59820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59817,8502],{"class":53},[47,59819,58],{"class":57},[47,59821,8035],{"class":98},[47,59823,59824],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59825,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,59827,59828,59830,59832,59834],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,59829,95],{"class":94},[47,59831,99],{"class":98},[47,59833,8533],{"class":102},[47,59835,106],{"class":98},[47,59837,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,59839,95],{"class":94},[47,59841,99],{"class":98},[47,59843,11355],{"class":94},[47,59845,99],{"class":98},[47,59847,8533],{"class":102},[47,59849,1796],{"class":98},[20,59851,59852],{},[280,59853,144],{},[38,59855,59857],{"className":40,"code":59856,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[]\n0\n",[15,59858,59859,59863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59860,59861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59862,38489],{"class":98},[47,59864,59865],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59866,47439],{"class":80},[20,59868,59869],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[38,59871,59873],{"className":40,"code":59872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59874,59875,59883,59887,59905,59923,59941,59945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59876,59877,59879,59881],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59878,5192],{"class":53},[47,59880,58],{"class":57},[47,59882,8035],{"class":98},[47,59884,59885],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,59886,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,59888,59889,59891,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,59890,5236],{"class":53},[47,59892,445],{"class":98},[47,59894,13747],{"class":102},[47,59896,99],{"class":98},[47,59898,128],{"class":61},[47,59900,13075],{"class":65},[47,59902,128],{"class":61},[47,59904,106],{"class":98},[47,59906,59907,59909,59911,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,59908,5236],{"class":53},[47,59910,445],{"class":98},[47,59912,13747],{"class":102},[47,59914,99],{"class":98},[47,59916,128],{"class":61},[47,59918,36135],{"class":65},[47,59920,128],{"class":61},[47,59922,106],{"class":98},[47,59924,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,59926,5236],{"class":53},[47,59928,445],{"class":98},[47,59930,13747],{"class":102},[47,59932,99],{"class":98},[47,59934,128],{"class":61},[47,59936,36144],{"class":65},[47,59938,128],{"class":61},[47,59940,106],{"class":98},[47,59942,59943],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,59944,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,59946,59947,59949,59951,59953],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,59948,95],{"class":94},[47,59950,99],{"class":98},[47,59952,5236],{"class":102},[47,59954,106],{"class":98},[20,59956,59957],{},[280,59958,144],{},[38,59960,59962],{"className":40,"code":59961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59963,59964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,59965,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,59967,4092],{"class":98},[47,59969,3493],{"class":61},[47,59971,13075],{"class":65},[47,59973,3493],{"class":61},[47,59975,136],{"class":98},[47,59977,3488],{"class":61},[47,59979,36135],{"class":65},[47,59981,3493],{"class":61},[47,59983,136],{"class":98},[47,59985,3488],{"class":61},[47,59987,36144],{"class":65},[47,59989,3493],{"class":61},[47,59991,3828],{"class":98},[20,59993,59994,59995,445],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[594,59996,59997,10934],{"href":56953},[15,59998,52838],{},[33,60000,60002,60003],{"id":60001},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60004,24979],{},[20,60006,167,60007,60009],{},[15,60008,24979],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60011,5652],{},[187,60013,60014,60016,60018,60020],{},[190,60015,5503],{},[190,60017,5497],{},[190,60019,5500],{},[190,60021,60022],{},[15,60023,36392],{},[447,60025,60027],{"id":60026},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[38,60029,60031],{"className":40,"code":60030,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60032,60033,60051],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60034,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60036,36284],{"class":53},[47,60038,58],{"class":57},[47,60040,22757],{"class":1788},[47,60042,99],{"class":98},[47,60044,128],{"class":61},[47,60046,41750],{"class":65},[47,60048,128],{"class":61},[47,60050,106],{"class":98},[47,60052,60053,60055,60057,60059],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60054,95],{"class":94},[47,60056,99],{"class":98},[47,60058,36337],{"class":102},[47,60060,106],{"class":98},[20,60062,60063],{},[280,60064,144],{},[38,60066,60067],{"className":40,"code":43065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60068,60069],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60070,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60072,4092],{"class":98},[47,60074,3493],{"class":61},[47,60076,594],{"class":65},[47,60078,3493],{"class":61},[47,60080,136],{"class":98},[47,60082,3488],{"class":61},[47,60084,4957],{"class":65},[47,60086,3493],{"class":61},[47,60088,136],{"class":98},[47,60090,3488],{"class":61},[47,60092,9931],{"class":65},[47,60094,3493],{"class":61},[47,60096,3828],{"class":98},[447,60098,60100],{"id":60099},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[38,60102,60104],{"className":40,"code":60103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60105,60106,60128],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60107,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60109,3810],{"class":53},[47,60111,58],{"class":57},[47,60113,22757],{"class":1788},[47,60115,5705],{"class":98},[47,60117,1476],{"class":80},[47,60119,136],{"class":98},[47,60121,1562],{"class":80},[47,60123,136],{"class":98},[47,60125,249],{"class":80},[47,60127,1796],{"class":98},[47,60129,60130,60132,60134,60136],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60131,95],{"class":94},[47,60133,99],{"class":98},[47,60135,195],{"class":102},[47,60137,106],{"class":98},[20,60139,60140],{},[280,60141,144],{},[38,60143,60144],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,60145,60146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60147,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60149,4092],{"class":98},[47,60151,1476],{"class":80},[47,60153,136],{"class":98},[47,60155,1562],{"class":80},[47,60157,136],{"class":98},[47,60159,249],{"class":80},[47,60161,3828],{"class":98},[447,60163,60165],{"id":60164},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[38,60167,60169],{"className":40,"code":60168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60170,60171,60190],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60172,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60184,60186,60188],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60174,4015],{"class":53},[47,60176,58],{"class":57},[47,60178,22757],{"class":1788},[47,60180,99],{"class":98},[47,60182,60183],{"class":94},"range",[47,60185,99],{"class":98},[47,60187,232],{"class":80},[47,60189,1796],{"class":98},[47,60191,60192,60194,60196,60198],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60193,95],{"class":94},[47,60195,99],{"class":98},[47,60197,5553],{"class":102},[47,60199,106],{"class":98},[20,60201,60202],{},[280,60203,144],{},[38,60205,60207],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60208,60209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60210,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60212,4092],{"class":98},[47,60214,2321],{"class":80},[47,60216,136],{"class":98},[47,60218,1545],{"class":80},[47,60220,136],{"class":98},[47,60222,1562],{"class":80},[47,60224,136],{"class":98},[47,60226,249],{"class":80},[47,60228,136],{"class":98},[47,60230,393],{"class":80},[47,60232,3828],{"class":98},[20,60234,60235,60237,60238,445],{},[15,60236,24979],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[594,60239,60241,60243],{"href":60240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60242,24979],{},": Function Explained",[33,60245,60247],{"id":60246},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60249,60250],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60252,60253],{},"Examples include:",[187,60255,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264],{},[190,60257,5503],{},[190,60259,40614],{},[190,60261,52231],{},[190,60263,40784],{},[190,60265,60266],{},"other lists",[38,60268,60270],{"className":40,"code":60269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60271,60272,60310,60314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60273,60274,60276,60278,60280,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60275,9359],{"class":53},[47,60277,58],{"class":57},[47,60279,3815],{"class":98},[47,60281,128],{"class":61},[47,60283,13075],{"class":65},[47,60285,128],{"class":61},[47,60287,136],{"class":98},[47,60289,9497],{"class":80},[47,60291,136],{"class":98},[47,60293,4108],{"class":1334},[47,60295,136],{"class":98},[47,60297,3815],{"class":98},[47,60299,1476],{"class":80},[47,60301,136],{"class":98},[47,60303,1562],{"class":80},[47,60305,136],{"class":98},[47,60307,249],{"class":80},[47,60309,53427],{"class":98},[47,60311,60312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60313,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,60315,60316,60318,60320,60322],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,60317,95],{"class":94},[47,60319,99],{"class":98},[47,60321,9396],{"class":102},[47,60323,106],{"class":98},[20,60325,60326],{},[280,60327,144],{},[38,60329,60331],{"className":40,"code":60330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60332,60333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60334,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60336,4092],{"class":98},[47,60338,3493],{"class":61},[47,60340,13075],{"class":65},[47,60342,3493],{"class":61},[47,60344,136],{"class":98},[47,60346,9497],{"class":80},[47,60348,136],{"class":98},[47,60350,4108],{"class":1334},[47,60352,136],{"class":98},[47,60354,3815],{"class":98},[47,60356,1476],{"class":80},[47,60358,136],{"class":98},[47,60360,1562],{"class":80},[47,60362,136],{"class":98},[47,60364,249],{"class":80},[47,60366,53427],{"class":98},[20,60368,60369,60370,445],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[280,60371,60372],{},"nested list",[20,60374,60375],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[33,60377,4713],{"id":4712},[20,60379,60380],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[447,60382,60384],{"id":60383},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60386,60387],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[38,60389,60391],{"className":40,"code":60390,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60392,60393,60397],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60394,60395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60396,4730],{"class":3857},[47,60398,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60400,3810],{"class":53},[47,60402,58],{"class":57},[47,60404,3815],{"class":98},[47,60406,1476],{"class":80},[47,60408,1562],{"class":80},[47,60410,249],{"class":80},[47,60412,3828],{"class":98},[20,60414,1631],{},[38,60416,60418],{"className":40,"code":60417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60419,60420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60421,60422,60424,60426,60428,60430,60432,60434,60436,60438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60423,3810],{"class":53},[47,60425,58],{"class":57},[47,60427,3815],{"class":98},[47,60429,1476],{"class":80},[47,60431,136],{"class":98},[47,60433,1562],{"class":80},[47,60435,136],{"class":98},[47,60437,249],{"class":80},[47,60439,3828],{"class":98},[447,60441,1654,60443,11285,60445],{"id":60442},"using-instead-of",[15,60444,7561],{},[15,60446,3979],{},[20,60448,60449],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[38,60451,60453],{"className":40,"code":60452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60454,60455,60476,60480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60456,60457,60460,60462,60464,60466,60468,60470,60472,60474],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60458,60459],{"class":53},"my_values ",[47,60461,58],{"class":57},[47,60463,9428],{"class":98},[47,60465,1476],{"class":80},[47,60467,136],{"class":98},[47,60469,1562],{"class":80},[47,60471,136],{"class":98},[47,60473,249],{"class":80},[47,60475,106],{"class":98},[47,60477,60478],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60479,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,60481,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60493],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,60483,95],{"class":94},[47,60485,99],{"class":98},[47,60487,1922],{"class":1788},[47,60489,99],{"class":98},[47,60491,60492],{"class":102},"my_values",[47,60494,1796],{"class":98},[20,60496,60497],{},[280,60498,144],{},[38,60500,60502],{"className":40,"code":60501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60503,60504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60505,60506,60508,60510,60512,60514,60516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60507,3482],{"class":57},[47,60509,3485],{"class":2266},[47,60511,3488],{"class":61},[47,60513,49139],{"class":65},[47,60515,3493],{"class":61},[47,60517,3496],{"class":57},[20,60519,60520],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[38,60522,60524],{"className":40,"code":60523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60525,60526,60546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60527,60528,60530,60532,60534,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60529,60459],{"class":53},[47,60531,58],{"class":57},[47,60533,3815],{"class":98},[47,60535,1476],{"class":80},[47,60537,136],{"class":98},[47,60539,1562],{"class":80},[47,60541,136],{"class":98},[47,60543,249],{"class":80},[47,60545,3828],{"class":98},[47,60547,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60549,95],{"class":94},[47,60551,99],{"class":98},[47,60553,1922],{"class":1788},[47,60555,99],{"class":98},[47,60557,60492],{"class":102},[47,60559,1796],{"class":98},[447,60561,1807,60563,60566],{"id":60562},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60564,60565],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60568,60569,60571],{},[15,60570,24979],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[38,60573,60575],{"className":40,"code":60574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60576,60577,60596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60578,60579,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60592,60594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60580,1290],{"class":53},[47,60582,58],{"class":57},[47,60584,22757],{"class":1788},[47,60586,99],{"class":98},[47,60588,128],{"class":61},[47,60590,60591],{"class":65},"hello world",[47,60593,128],{"class":61},[47,60595,106],{"class":98},[47,60597,60598,60600,60602,60604],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60599,95],{"class":94},[47,60601,99],{"class":98},[47,60603,1315],{"class":102},[47,60605,106],{"class":98},[20,60607,60608],{},[280,60609,144],{},[38,60611,60613],{"className":40,"code":60612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60614,60615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60616,60617,60619,60621,60624,60626,60628,60630,60633,60635,60637,60639,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684,60686,60688,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699,60701,60703,60705,60707,60709],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60618,4092],{"class":98},[47,60620,3493],{"class":61},[47,60622,60623],{"class":65},"h",[47,60625,3493],{"class":61},[47,60627,136],{"class":98},[47,60629,3488],{"class":61},[47,60631,60632],{"class":65},"e",[47,60634,3493],{"class":61},[47,60636,136],{"class":98},[47,60638,3488],{"class":61},[47,60640,60641],{"class":65},"l",[47,60643,3493],{"class":61},[47,60645,136],{"class":98},[47,60647,3488],{"class":61},[47,60649,60641],{"class":65},[47,60651,3493],{"class":61},[47,60653,136],{"class":98},[47,60655,3488],{"class":61},[47,60657,60658],{"class":65},"o",[47,60660,3493],{"class":61},[47,60662,136],{"class":98},[47,60664,3488],{"class":61},[47,60666,3488],{"class":61},[47,60668,136],{"class":98},[47,60670,3488],{"class":61},[47,60672,60673],{"class":65},"w",[47,60675,3493],{"class":61},[47,60677,136],{"class":98},[47,60679,3488],{"class":61},[47,60681,60658],{"class":65},[47,60683,3493],{"class":61},[47,60685,136],{"class":98},[47,60687,3488],{"class":61},[47,60689,60690],{"class":65},"r",[47,60692,3493],{"class":61},[47,60694,136],{"class":98},[47,60696,3488],{"class":61},[47,60698,60641],{"class":65},[47,60700,3493],{"class":61},[47,60702,136],{"class":98},[47,60704,3488],{"class":61},[47,60706,18964],{"class":65},[47,60708,3493],{"class":61},[47,60710,3828],{"class":98},[20,60712,60713,60714,60717],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60715,60716],{},"split()"," instead:",[38,60719,60721],{"className":40,"code":60720,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60722,60723,60741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60724,60725,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60726,4263],{"class":53},[47,60728,58],{"class":57},[47,60730,62],{"class":61},[47,60732,60591],{"class":65},[47,60734,128],{"class":61},[47,60736,445],{"class":98},[47,60738,34665],{"class":102},[47,60740,8836],{"class":98},[47,60742,60743,60745,60747,60749],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60744,95],{"class":94},[47,60746,99],{"class":98},[47,60748,4307],{"class":102},[47,60750,106],{"class":98},[20,60752,60753],{},[280,60754,144],{},[38,60756,60758],{"className":40,"code":60757,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60759,60760],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60761,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60777,60779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60763,4092],{"class":98},[47,60765,3493],{"class":61},[47,60767,4038],{"class":65},[47,60769,3493],{"class":61},[47,60771,136],{"class":98},[47,60773,3488],{"class":61},[47,60775,60776],{"class":65},"world",[47,60778,3493],{"class":61},[47,60780,3828],{"class":98},[447,60782,60784],{"id":60783},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60786,60787],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[38,60789,60791],{"className":40,"code":60790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60792,60793,60797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60794,60795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60796,4730],{"class":3857},[47,60798,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807,60809,60811,60813,60815,60818,60820,60822,60824],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60800,5192],{"class":53},[47,60802,58],{"class":57},[47,60804,3815],{"class":98},[47,60806,128],{"class":61},[47,60808,13075],{"class":65},[47,60810,128],{"class":61},[47,60812,136],{"class":98},[47,60814,62],{"class":61},[47,60816,60817],{"class":65},"Ben', ",[47,60819,128],{"class":61},[47,60821,36144],{"class":53},[47,60823,128],{"class":61},[47,60825,3828],{"class":65},[20,60827,60828],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[38,60830,60832],{"className":40,"code":60831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60833,60834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60835,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852,60854,60856,60858,60860,60862,60864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60837,5192],{"class":53},[47,60839,58],{"class":57},[47,60841,3815],{"class":98},[47,60843,128],{"class":61},[47,60845,13075],{"class":65},[47,60847,128],{"class":61},[47,60849,136],{"class":98},[47,60851,62],{"class":61},[47,60853,36135],{"class":65},[47,60855,128],{"class":61},[47,60857,136],{"class":98},[47,60859,62],{"class":61},[47,60861,36144],{"class":65},[47,60863,128],{"class":61},[47,60865,3828],{"class":98},[447,60867,60869],{"id":60868},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60871,60872],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[187,60874,60875,60878,60881,60886],{},[190,60876,60877],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[190,60879,60880],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[190,60882,60883,60884],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60885,24979],{},[190,60887,1807,60888,60891],{},[15,60889,60890],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[447,60893,60895],{"id":60894},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[38,60897,60899],{"className":40,"code":60898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60900,60901,60911,60925,60939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,60902,60903,60905,60907,60909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,60904,95],{"class":94},[47,60906,99],{"class":98},[47,60908,8533],{"class":102},[47,60910,106],{"class":98},[47,60912,60913,60915,60917,60919,60921,60923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,60914,95],{"class":94},[47,60916,99],{"class":98},[47,60918,1922],{"class":1788},[47,60920,99],{"class":98},[47,60922,8533],{"class":102},[47,60924,1796],{"class":98},[47,60926,60927,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,60928,95],{"class":94},[47,60930,99],{"class":98},[47,60932,11355],{"class":94},[47,60934,99],{"class":98},[47,60936,8533],{"class":102},[47,60938,1796],{"class":98},[47,60940,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949,60951,60953,60955],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,60942,95],{"class":94},[47,60944,99],{"class":98},[47,60946,8288],{"class":1788},[47,60948,99],{"class":98},[47,60950,60183],{"class":94},[47,60952,99],{"class":98},[47,60954,232],{"class":80},[47,60956,3106],{"class":98},[20,60958,26207],{},[187,60960,60961,60964,60967,60970],{},[190,60962,60963],{},"what the list contains",[190,60965,60966],{},"whether the value is really a list",[190,60968,60969],{},"how many items it has",[190,60971,26218,60972,60974,60975],{},[15,60973,24979],{}," does with ",[15,60976,36392],{},[33,60978,60980],{"id":60979},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60982,60983],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60985,60986],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[187,60988,60989,61004,61009],{},[190,60990,167,60991,2390,60995,17268,60999,61003],{},[594,60992,60993],{"href":56953},[15,60994,52838],{},[594,60996,60997],{"href":53529},[15,60998,53631],{},[594,61000,61001],{"href":54093},[15,61002,54452],{}," to add items later",[190,61005,167,61006,61008],{},[594,61007,59580],{"href":51164}," for a broader introduction",[190,61010,167,61011,61015],{},[594,61012,61013,60243],{"href":60240},[15,61014,24979],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[33,61017,1969],{"id":1968},[447,61019,61021],{"id":61020},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61023,61024],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[38,61026,61027],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61028,61029],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61030,61031],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61032,38489],{"class":98},[447,61034,61036],{"id":61035},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61038,61039],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[38,61041,61042],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,61043,61044],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61045,61046,61048,61050,61052,61054,61056,61058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61047,4092],{"class":98},[47,61049,1476],{"class":80},[47,61051,136],{"class":98},[47,61053,1562],{"class":80},[47,61055,136],{"class":98},[47,61057,249],{"class":80},[47,61059,3828],{"class":98},[447,61061,5339,61063,61065],{"id":61062},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61064,24979],{}," do in Python?",[20,61067,61068,61069,61071],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61070,36392],{},", into a list.",[447,61073,61075],{"id":61074},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61077,61078],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[447,61080,2055,61082,839,61084,2009],{"id":61081},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61083,3979],{},[15,61085,7561],{},[20,61087,61088,61090,61091,61093],{},[15,61089,3979],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61092,7561],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[33,61095,2075],{"id":2074},[187,61097,61098,61102,61108,61114,61120,61126,61130],{},[190,61099,61100],{},[594,61101,59580],{"href":51164},[190,61103,61104],{},[594,61105,55704,61106,11516],{"href":56953},[15,61107,52838],{},[190,61109,61110],{},[594,61111,55704,61112,11516],{"href":53529},[15,61113,53631],{},[190,61115,61116],{},[594,61117,55704,61118,11516],{"href":54093},[15,61119,54452],{},[190,61121,61122],{},[594,61123,13,61124,18],{"href":60240},[15,61125,24979],{},[190,61127,61128],{},[594,61129,59583],{"href":58678},[190,61131,61132],{},[594,61133,61134],{"href":12259},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61136,61137,61138,61140],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61139,52838],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2110,61142,61143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":61145},[61146,61147,61148,61149,61152,61153,61159,61160,61170,61171,61180],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":15356,"depth":72,"text":15357},{"id":59475,"depth":72,"text":59476},{"id":59586,"depth":72,"text":59587,"children":61150},[61151],{"id":59788,"depth":84,"text":59789},{"id":59804,"depth":72,"text":59805},{"id":60001,"depth":72,"text":61154,"children":61155},"Create a list with list()",[61156,61157,61158],{"id":60026,"depth":84,"text":60027},{"id":60099,"depth":84,"text":60100},{"id":60164,"depth":84,"text":60165},{"id":60246,"depth":72,"text":60247},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":61161},[61162,61163,61165,61167,61168,61169],{"id":60383,"depth":84,"text":60384},{"id":60442,"depth":84,"text":61164},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60562,"depth":84,"text":61166},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60783,"depth":84,"text":60784},{"id":60868,"depth":84,"text":60869},{"id":60894,"depth":84,"text":60895},{"id":60979,"depth":72,"text":60980},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":61172},[61173,61174,61175,61177,61178],{"id":61020,"depth":84,"text":61021},{"id":61035,"depth":84,"text":61036},{"id":61062,"depth":84,"text":61176},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61074,"depth":84,"text":61075},{"id":61081,"depth":84,"text":61179},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59217,"description":61181},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61188,"title":61189,"body":61190,"description":62931,"extension":2167,"meta":62932,"navigation":87,"path":62933,"seo":62934,"stem":62935,"__hash__":62936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61191,"toc":62886},[61192,61197,61202,61205,61207,61278,61283,61288,61292,61306,61311,61313,61333,61338,61341,61364,61368,61373,61465,61467,61489,61495,61501,61508,61515,61521,61578,61584,61642,61644,61656,61664,61670,61675,61679,61736,61739,61743,61802,61805,61809,61867,61879,61883,61936,61939,61943,61949,61955,62017,62020,62081,62084,62140,62145,62147,62151,62158,62219,62224,62233,62289,62296,62300,62358,62367,62425,62429,62464,62468,62478,62481,62536,62550,62553,62668,62673,62677,62688,62690,62769,62779,62781,62786,62791,62798,62806,62812,62815,62821,62824,62830,62836,62838,62874,62883],[10,61193,54526,61195,11516],{"id":61194},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61196,53631],{},[20,61198,61199,61201],{},[15,61200,53532],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61203,61204],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[33,61206,36],{"id":35},[38,61208,61210],{"className":40,"code":61209,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61211,61212,61228,61245,61249,61264,61274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61213,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222,61224,61226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61215,3810],{"class":53},[47,61217,58],{"class":57},[47,61219,3815],{"class":98},[47,61221,1476],{"class":80},[47,61223,136],{"class":98},[47,61225,1562],{"class":80},[47,61227,3828],{"class":98},[47,61229,61230,61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61231,61232],{"class":53},"more_numbers ",[47,61234,58],{"class":57},[47,61236,3815],{"class":98},[47,61238,2263],{"class":80},[47,61240,136],{"class":98},[47,61242,393],{"class":80},[47,61244,3828],{"class":98},[47,61246,61247],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61248,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61250,61251,61253,61255,61257,61259,61262],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61252,195],{"class":53},[47,61254,445],{"class":98},[47,61256,53661],{"class":102},[47,61258,99],{"class":98},[47,61260,61261],{"class":102},"more_numbers",[47,61263,106],{"class":98},[47,61265,61266,61268,61270,61272],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61267,95],{"class":94},[47,61269,99],{"class":98},[47,61271,195],{"class":102},[47,61273,106],{"class":98},[47,61275,61276],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,61277,52908],{"class":3857},[20,61279,167,61280,61282],{},[15,61281,53631],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[33,61284,174,61286,177],{"id":61285},"what-listextend-does",[15,61287,53532],{},[20,61289,61290,420],{},[15,61291,53631],{},[187,61293,61294,61297,61299,61302],{},[190,61295,61296],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[190,61298,54612],{},[190,61300,61301],{},"Does not create a new list",[190,61303,11618,61304],{},[15,61305,285],{},[20,61307,61308,61309,53986],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61310,53631],{},[33,61312,290],{"id":289},[38,61314,61316],{"className":40,"code":61315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61317,61318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61319,61320,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61321,61322],{"class":53},"list_name",[47,61324,445],{"class":98},[47,61326,53661],{"class":102},[47,61328,99],{"class":98},[47,61330,3913],{"class":102},[47,61332,106],{"class":98},[20,61334,5647,61335,61337],{},[280,61336,3913],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61339,61340],{},"Common iterables include:",[187,61342,61343,61347,61351,61355,61360],{},[190,61344,61345],{},[15,61346,8288],{},[190,61348,61349],{},[15,61350,49139],{},[190,61352,61353],{},[15,61354,6480],{},[190,61356,61357],{},[15,61358,61359],{},"string",[190,61361,61362],{},[15,61363,60183],{},[33,61365,61367],{"id":61366},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61369,61370,61371,420],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61372,53631],{},[38,61374,61376],{"className":40,"code":61375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61377,61378,61402,61427,61431,61446,61450,61460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61379,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61381,36433],{"class":53},[47,61383,58],{"class":57},[47,61385,3815],{"class":98},[47,61387,128],{"class":61},[47,61389,4272],{"class":65},[47,61391,128],{"class":61},[47,61393,136],{"class":98},[47,61395,62],{"class":61},[47,61397,4281],{"class":65},[47,61399,128],{"class":61},[47,61401,3828],{"class":98},[47,61403,61404,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61405,61406],{"class":53},"more_fruits ",[47,61408,58],{"class":57},[47,61410,3815],{"class":98},[47,61412,128],{"class":61},[47,61414,33418],{"class":65},[47,61416,128],{"class":61},[47,61418,136],{"class":98},[47,61420,62],{"class":61},[47,61422,22730],{"class":65},[47,61424,128],{"class":61},[47,61426,3828],{"class":98},[47,61428,61429],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61430,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61432,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61444],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61434,36485],{"class":53},[47,61436,445],{"class":98},[47,61438,53661],{"class":102},[47,61440,99],{"class":98},[47,61442,61443],{"class":102},"more_fruits",[47,61445,106],{"class":98},[47,61447,61448],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61449,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61451,61452,61454,61456,61458],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,61453,95],{"class":94},[47,61455,99],{"class":98},[47,61457,36485],{"class":102},[47,61459,106],{"class":98},[47,61461,61462],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,61463,61464],{"class":3857},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61466,11879],{},[187,61468,61469,61474,61479],{},[190,61470,61471,61473],{},[15,61472,36485],{}," starts with two items",[190,61475,61476,61478],{},[15,61477,61443],{}," has two more items",[190,61480,61481,61483,61484,61486,61487],{},[15,61482,53631],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61485,61443],{}," to ",[15,61488,36485],{},[20,61490,61491,61492,61494],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61493,36485],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61496,54751,61497,839,61499,445],{},[594,61498,52956],{"href":51164},[594,61500,57339],{"href":57338},[33,61502,61504,10778,61506],{"id":61503},"extend-vs-append",[15,61505,53631],{},[15,61507,52838],{},[20,61509,61510,839,61512,61514],{},[15,61511,53631],{},[15,61513,52838],{}," are often confused.",[447,61516,61518,61520],{"id":61517},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61519,53631],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[38,61522,61524],{"className":40,"code":61523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61525,61526,61542,61560,61564,61574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534,61536,61538,61540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61529,3810],{"class":53},[47,61531,58],{"class":57},[47,61533,3815],{"class":98},[47,61535,1476],{"class":80},[47,61537,136],{"class":98},[47,61539,1562],{"class":80},[47,61541,3828],{"class":98},[47,61543,61544,61546,61548,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61545,195],{"class":53},[47,61547,445],{"class":98},[47,61549,53661],{"class":102},[47,61551,3178],{"class":98},[47,61553,2263],{"class":80},[47,61555,136],{"class":98},[47,61557,393],{"class":80},[47,61559,4080],{"class":98},[47,61561,61562],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61563,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61565,61566,61568,61570,61572],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61567,95],{"class":94},[47,61569,99],{"class":98},[47,61571,195],{"class":102},[47,61573,106],{"class":98},[47,61575,61576],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61577,52908],{"class":3857},[447,61579,61581,61583],{"id":61580},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61582,52838],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[38,61585,61587],{"className":40,"code":61586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61588,61589,61605,61623,61627,61637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61590,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61592,3810],{"class":53},[47,61594,58],{"class":57},[47,61596,3815],{"class":98},[47,61598,1476],{"class":80},[47,61600,136],{"class":98},[47,61602,1562],{"class":80},[47,61604,3828],{"class":98},[47,61606,61607,61609,61611,61613,61615,61617,61619,61621],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61608,195],{"class":53},[47,61610,445],{"class":98},[47,61612,13747],{"class":102},[47,61614,3178],{"class":98},[47,61616,2263],{"class":80},[47,61618,136],{"class":98},[47,61620,393],{"class":80},[47,61622,4080],{"class":98},[47,61624,61625],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61626,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61628,61629,61631,61633,61635],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61630,95],{"class":94},[47,61632,99],{"class":98},[47,61634,195],{"class":102},[47,61636,106],{"class":98},[47,61638,61639],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61640,61641],{"class":3857},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61643,18891],{},[187,61645,61646,61651],{},[190,61647,61648,61650],{},[15,61649,53631],{}," to combine values",[190,61652,61653,61655],{},[15,61654,52838],{}," to add one item",[20,61657,42283,61658,839,61662,445],{},[594,61659,55704,61660,10934],{"href":56953},[15,61661,52838],{},[594,61663,53234],{"href":53233},[33,61665,1654,61667,61669],{"id":61666},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61668,53631],{}," with different iterables",[20,61671,61672,61674],{},[15,61673,53631],{}," works with more than just lists.",[447,61676,61678],{"id":61677},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[38,61680,61682],{"className":40,"code":61681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61683,61684,61700,61718,61722,61732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61685,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694,61696,61698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61687,4015],{"class":53},[47,61689,58],{"class":57},[47,61691,3815],{"class":98},[47,61693,1476],{"class":80},[47,61695,136],{"class":98},[47,61697,1562],{"class":80},[47,61699,3828],{"class":98},[47,61701,61702,61704,61706,61708,61710,61712,61714,61716],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61703,5553],{"class":53},[47,61705,445],{"class":98},[47,61707,53661],{"class":102},[47,61709,5705],{"class":98},[47,61711,2263],{"class":80},[47,61713,136],{"class":98},[47,61715,393],{"class":80},[47,61717,1796],{"class":98},[47,61719,61720],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61721,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61723,61724,61726,61728,61730],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61725,95],{"class":94},[47,61727,99],{"class":98},[47,61729,5553],{"class":102},[47,61731,106],{"class":98},[47,61733,61734],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61735,52908],{"class":3857},[20,61737,61738],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[447,61740,61742],{"id":61741},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[38,61744,61746],{"className":40,"code":61745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61747,61748,61764,61783,61787,61797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61749,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61751,36284],{"class":53},[47,61753,58],{"class":57},[47,61755,3815],{"class":98},[47,61757,128],{"class":61},[47,61759,594],{"class":65},[47,61761,128],{"class":61},[47,61763,3828],{"class":98},[47,61765,61766,61768,61770,61772,61774,61776,61779,61781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61767,36337],{"class":53},[47,61769,445],{"class":98},[47,61771,53661],{"class":102},[47,61773,99],{"class":98},[47,61775,128],{"class":61},[47,61777,61778],{"class":65},"bc",[47,61780,128],{"class":61},[47,61782,106],{"class":98},[47,61784,61785],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61786,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61788,61789,61791,61793,61795],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61790,95],{"class":94},[47,61792,99],{"class":98},[47,61794,36337],{"class":102},[47,61796,106],{"class":98},[47,61798,61799],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61800,61801],{"class":3857},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61803,61804],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[447,61806,61808],{"id":61807},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[38,61810,61812],{"className":40,"code":61811,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61813,61814,61826,61848,61852,61862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61815,61816,61818,61820,61822,61824],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61817,3810],{"class":53},[47,61819,58],{"class":57},[47,61821,3815],{"class":98},[47,61823,2321],{"class":80},[47,61825,3828],{"class":98},[47,61827,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61829,195],{"class":53},[47,61831,445],{"class":98},[47,61833,53661],{"class":102},[47,61835,99],{"class":98},[47,61837,60183],{"class":94},[47,61839,99],{"class":98},[47,61841,1476],{"class":80},[47,61843,136],{"class":98},[47,61845,393],{"class":80},[47,61847,1796],{"class":98},[47,61849,61850],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61851,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61853,61854,61856,61858,61860],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61855,95],{"class":94},[47,61857,99],{"class":98},[47,61859,195],{"class":102},[47,61861,106],{"class":98},[47,61863,61864],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,61865,61866],{"class":3857},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61868,61869,61872,61873,2390,61875,17268,61877,445],{},[15,61870,61871],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61874,1476],{},[15,61876,243],{},[15,61878,2263],{},[447,61880,61882],{"id":61881},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[38,61884,61886],{"className":40,"code":61885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61887,61888,61904,61922,61926],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61889,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61891,7975],{"class":53},[47,61893,58],{"class":57},[47,61895,3815],{"class":98},[47,61897,1476],{"class":80},[47,61899,136],{"class":98},[47,61901,1562],{"class":80},[47,61903,3828],{"class":98},[47,61905,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916,61918,61920],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61907,8006],{"class":53},[47,61909,445],{"class":98},[47,61911,53661],{"class":102},[47,61913,5724],{"class":98},[47,61915,2263],{"class":80},[47,61917,136],{"class":98},[47,61919,393],{"class":80},[47,61921,30695],{"class":98},[47,61923,61924],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,61925,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,61927,61928,61930,61932,61934],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,61929,95],{"class":94},[47,61931,99],{"class":98},[47,61933,8006],{"class":102},[47,61935,106],{"class":98},[20,61937,61938],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[33,61940,61942],{"id":61941},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61944,61945,1270,61947,445],{},[15,61946,53631],{},[15,61948,285],{},[20,61950,61951,61952,420],{},"That means this is ",[280,61953,61954],{},"wrong",[38,61956,61958],{"className":40,"code":61957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61959,61960,61976,61998,62002,62012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,61961,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,61963,3810],{"class":53},[47,61965,58],{"class":57},[47,61967,3815],{"class":98},[47,61969,1476],{"class":80},[47,61971,136],{"class":98},[47,61973,1562],{"class":80},[47,61975,3828],{"class":98},[47,61977,61978,61980,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,61979,1290],{"class":53},[47,61981,58],{"class":57},[47,61983,4457],{"class":53},[47,61985,445],{"class":98},[47,61987,53661],{"class":102},[47,61989,3178],{"class":98},[47,61991,2263],{"class":80},[47,61993,136],{"class":98},[47,61995,393],{"class":80},[47,61997,4080],{"class":98},[47,61999,62000],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62001,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62003,62004,62006,62008,62010],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62005,95],{"class":94},[47,62007,99],{"class":98},[47,62009,1315],{"class":102},[47,62011,106],{"class":98},[47,62013,62014],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62015,62016],{"class":3857},"# None\n",[20,62018,62019],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[38,62021,62023],{"className":40,"code":62022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62024,62025,62041,62063,62067,62077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62026,62027,62029,62031,62033,62035,62037,62039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62028,3810],{"class":53},[47,62030,58],{"class":57},[47,62032,3815],{"class":98},[47,62034,1476],{"class":80},[47,62036,136],{"class":98},[47,62038,1562],{"class":80},[47,62040,3828],{"class":98},[47,62042,62043,62045,62047,62049,62051,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62044,3810],{"class":53},[47,62046,58],{"class":57},[47,62048,4457],{"class":53},[47,62050,445],{"class":98},[47,62052,53661],{"class":102},[47,62054,3178],{"class":98},[47,62056,2263],{"class":80},[47,62058,136],{"class":98},[47,62060,393],{"class":80},[47,62062,4080],{"class":98},[47,62064,62065],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62066,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62068,62069,62071,62073,62075],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62070,95],{"class":94},[47,62072,99],{"class":98},[47,62074,195],{"class":102},[47,62076,106],{"class":98},[47,62078,62079],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62080,62016],{"class":3857},[20,62082,62083],{},"The correct way is:",[38,62085,62086],{"className":40,"code":61523,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62087,62088,62104,62122,62126,62136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62089,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098,62100,62102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62091,3810],{"class":53},[47,62093,58],{"class":57},[47,62095,3815],{"class":98},[47,62097,1476],{"class":80},[47,62099,136],{"class":98},[47,62101,1562],{"class":80},[47,62103,3828],{"class":98},[47,62105,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62107,195],{"class":53},[47,62109,445],{"class":98},[47,62111,53661],{"class":102},[47,62113,3178],{"class":98},[47,62115,2263],{"class":80},[47,62117,136],{"class":98},[47,62119,393],{"class":80},[47,62121,4080],{"class":98},[47,62123,62124],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62125,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62127,62128,62130,62132,62134],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62129,95],{"class":94},[47,62131,99],{"class":98},[47,62133,195],{"class":102},[47,62135,106],{"class":98},[47,62137,62138],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62139,52908],{"class":3857},[20,62141,56093,62142,62144],{},[15,62143,53631],{}," first, then use the original list.",[33,62146,4713],{"id":4712},[20,62148,14927,62149,445],{},[15,62150,53631],{},[447,62152,62154,62155,62157],{"id":62153},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62156,53631],{}," to return a new list",[38,62159,62161],{"className":40,"code":62160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62162,62163,62179,62201,62205,62215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62164,62165,62167,62169,62171,62173,62175,62177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62166,3810],{"class":53},[47,62168,58],{"class":57},[47,62170,3815],{"class":98},[47,62172,1476],{"class":80},[47,62174,136],{"class":98},[47,62176,1562],{"class":80},[47,62178,3828],{"class":98},[47,62180,62181,62183,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197,62199],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62182,55826],{"class":53},[47,62184,58],{"class":57},[47,62186,4457],{"class":53},[47,62188,445],{"class":98},[47,62190,53661],{"class":102},[47,62192,3178],{"class":98},[47,62194,2263],{"class":80},[47,62196,136],{"class":98},[47,62198,393],{"class":80},[47,62200,4080],{"class":98},[47,62202,62203],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62204,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62206,62207,62209,62211,62213],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62208,95],{"class":94},[47,62210,99],{"class":98},[47,62212,55845],{"class":102},[47,62214,106],{"class":98},[47,62216,62217],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62218,62016],{"class":3857},[20,62220,62221,62222,445],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62223,53631],{},[447,62225,62227,62228,44820,62230,62232],{"id":62226},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62229,52838],{},[15,62231,53631],{}," is needed",[38,62234,62235],{"className":40,"code":61586,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,62236,62237,62253,62271,62275,62285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62238,62239,62241,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62240,3810],{"class":53},[47,62242,58],{"class":57},[47,62244,3815],{"class":98},[47,62246,1476],{"class":80},[47,62248,136],{"class":98},[47,62250,1562],{"class":80},[47,62252,3828],{"class":98},[47,62254,62255,62257,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62256,195],{"class":53},[47,62258,445],{"class":98},[47,62260,13747],{"class":102},[47,62262,3178],{"class":98},[47,62264,2263],{"class":80},[47,62266,136],{"class":98},[47,62268,393],{"class":80},[47,62270,4080],{"class":98},[47,62272,62273],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62274,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62276,62277,62279,62281,62283],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62278,95],{"class":94},[47,62280,99],{"class":98},[47,62282,195],{"class":102},[47,62284,106],{"class":98},[47,62286,62287],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62288,61641],{"class":3857},[20,62290,62291,62292,54076,62294,6825],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62293,54075],{},[15,62295,53631],{},[447,62297,62299],{"id":62298},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[38,62301,62303],{"className":40,"code":62302,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62304,62305,62321,62339,62343,62353],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62306,62307,62309,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62308,4263],{"class":53},[47,62310,58],{"class":57},[47,62312,3815],{"class":98},[47,62314,128],{"class":61},[47,62316,4038],{"class":65},[47,62318,128],{"class":61},[47,62320,3828],{"class":98},[47,62322,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62324,4307],{"class":53},[47,62326,445],{"class":98},[47,62328,53661],{"class":102},[47,62330,99],{"class":98},[47,62332,128],{"class":61},[47,62334,60776],{"class":65},[47,62336,128],{"class":61},[47,62338,106],{"class":98},[47,62340,62341],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62342,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62344,62345,62347,62349,62351],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62346,95],{"class":94},[47,62348,99],{"class":98},[47,62350,4307],{"class":102},[47,62352,106],{"class":98},[47,62354,62355],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62356,62357],{"class":3857},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62359,62360,62361,62364,62365,420],{},"If you want ",[15,62362,62363],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62366,52838],{},[38,62368,62370],{"className":40,"code":62369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62371,62372,62388,62406,62410,62420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62373,62374,62376,62378,62380,62382,62384,62386],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62375,4263],{"class":53},[47,62377,58],{"class":57},[47,62379,3815],{"class":98},[47,62381,128],{"class":61},[47,62383,4038],{"class":65},[47,62385,128],{"class":61},[47,62387,3828],{"class":98},[47,62389,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62391,4307],{"class":53},[47,62393,445],{"class":98},[47,62395,13747],{"class":102},[47,62397,99],{"class":98},[47,62399,128],{"class":61},[47,62401,60776],{"class":65},[47,62403,128],{"class":61},[47,62405,106],{"class":98},[47,62407,62408],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62409,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62411,62412,62414,62416,62418],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62413,95],{"class":94},[47,62415,99],{"class":98},[47,62417,4307],{"class":102},[47,62419,106],{"class":98},[47,62421,62422],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62423,62424],{"class":3857},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[447,62426,62428],{"id":62427},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[38,62430,62432],{"className":40,"code":62431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62433,62434,62450],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62435,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444,62446,62448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62437,3810],{"class":53},[47,62439,58],{"class":57},[47,62441,3815],{"class":98},[47,62443,1476],{"class":80},[47,62445,136],{"class":98},[47,62447,1562],{"class":80},[47,62449,3828],{"class":98},[47,62451,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62453,195],{"class":53},[47,62455,445],{"class":98},[47,62457,53661],{"class":102},[47,62459,99],{"class":98},[47,62461,232],{"class":80},[47,62463,106],{"class":98},[20,62465,39845,62466,6745],{},[15,62467,232],{},[20,62469,62470,62471,62473,62474,62477],{},"You will get a ",[15,62472,1707],{},". See ",[594,62475,62476],{"href":52785},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62479,62480],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[38,62482,62484],{"className":40,"code":62483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62485,62486,62496,62510,62522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62487,62488,62490,62492,62494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62489,95],{"class":94},[47,62491,99],{"class":98},[47,62493,8533],{"class":102},[47,62495,106],{"class":98},[47,62497,62498,62500,62502,62504,62506,62508],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62499,95],{"class":94},[47,62501,99],{"class":98},[47,62503,1922],{"class":1788},[47,62505,99],{"class":98},[47,62507,5553],{"class":102},[47,62509,1796],{"class":98},[47,62511,62512,62514,62516,62518,62520],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62513,95],{"class":94},[47,62515,99],{"class":98},[47,62517,1315],{"class":102},[47,62519,3854],{"class":98},[47,62521,106],{"class":53},[47,62523,62524,62526,62528,62530,62532,62534],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62525,1934],{"class":94},[47,62527,99],{"class":98},[47,62529,8288],{"class":1788},[47,62531,445],{"class":98},[47,62533,53661],{"class":24948},[47,62535,106],{"class":98},[43770,62537,62538],{},[20,62539,62540,62541,62544,62545,62547,62548,445],{},"Note: ",[15,62542,62543],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62546,3854],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62549,33224],{},[20,62551,62552],{},"Correct debugging example:",[38,62554,62556],{"className":40,"code":62555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62557,62558,62574,62590,62594,62608,62612,62620,62630,62644,62654],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62559,62560,62562,62564,62566,62568,62570,62572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62561,8502],{"class":53},[47,62563,58],{"class":57},[47,62565,3815],{"class":98},[47,62567,1476],{"class":80},[47,62569,136],{"class":98},[47,62571,1562],{"class":80},[47,62573,3828],{"class":98},[47,62575,62576,62578,62580,62582,62584,62586,62588],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62577,4015],{"class":53},[47,62579,58],{"class":57},[47,62581,3815],{"class":98},[47,62583,2263],{"class":80},[47,62585,136],{"class":98},[47,62587,393],{"class":80},[47,62589,3828],{"class":98},[47,62591,62592],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62593,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62595,62596,62598,62600,62602,62604,62606],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62597,8533],{"class":53},[47,62599,445],{"class":98},[47,62601,53661],{"class":102},[47,62603,99],{"class":98},[47,62605,5553],{"class":102},[47,62607,106],{"class":98},[47,62609,62610],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62611,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62613,62614,62616,62618],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,62615,1290],{"class":53},[47,62617,58],{"class":57},[47,62619,48714],{"class":1334},[47,62621,62622,62624,62626,62628],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,62623,95],{"class":94},[47,62625,99],{"class":98},[47,62627,8533],{"class":102},[47,62629,106],{"class":98},[47,62631,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640,62642],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,62633,95],{"class":94},[47,62635,99],{"class":98},[47,62637,1922],{"class":1788},[47,62639,99],{"class":98},[47,62641,5553],{"class":102},[47,62643,1796],{"class":98},[47,62645,62646,62648,62650,62652],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,62647,95],{"class":94},[47,62649,99],{"class":98},[47,62651,1315],{"class":102},[47,62653,106],{"class":98},[47,62655,62656,62658,62660,62662,62664,62666],{"class":49,"line":6630},[47,62657,1934],{"class":94},[47,62659,99],{"class":98},[47,62661,8288],{"class":1788},[47,62663,445],{"class":98},[47,62665,53661],{"class":24948},[47,62667,106],{"class":98},[33,62669,5158,62671],{"id":62670},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62672,53631],{},[20,62674,167,62675,6511],{},[15,62676,53631],{},[187,62678,62679,62682,62685],{},[190,62680,62681],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[190,62683,62684],{},"Add multiple values at once",[190,62686,62687],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62689,5667],{},[38,62691,62693],{"className":40,"code":62692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62694,62695,62712,62730,62734,62750,62754,62764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62696,62697,62700,62702,62704,62706,62708,62710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62698,62699],{"class":53},"all_scores ",[47,62701,58],{"class":57},[47,62703,3815],{"class":98},[47,62705,13696],{"class":80},[47,62707,136],{"class":98},[47,62709,13701],{"class":80},[47,62711,3828],{"class":98},[47,62713,62714,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62728],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,62715,62716],{"class":53},"new_scores ",[47,62718,58],{"class":57},[47,62720,3815],{"class":98},[47,62722,51690],{"class":80},[47,62724,136],{"class":98},[47,62726,62727],{"class":80}," 92",[47,62729,3828],{"class":98},[47,62731,62732],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,62733,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62735,62736,62739,62741,62743,62745,62748],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,62737,62738],{"class":53},"all_scores",[47,62740,445],{"class":98},[47,62742,53661],{"class":102},[47,62744,99],{"class":98},[47,62746,62747],{"class":102},"new_scores",[47,62749,106],{"class":98},[47,62751,62752],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,62753,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,62755,62756,62758,62760,62762],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,62757,95],{"class":94},[47,62759,99],{"class":98},[47,62761,62738],{"class":102},[47,62763,106],{"class":98},[47,62765,62766],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,62767,62768],{"class":3857},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62770,62771,62772,62774,62775,445],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62773,52838],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[594,62776,55704,62777,10934],{"href":54093},[15,62778,54452],{},[33,62780,1969],{"id":1968},[447,62782,1973,62784,55653],{"id":62783},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62785,53532],{},[20,62787,62788,62789,445],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62790,285],{},[447,62792,2055,62794,839,62796,2009],{"id":62793},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62795,53631],{},[15,62797,52838],{},[20,62799,62800,62802,62803,62805],{},[15,62801,53631],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62804,52838],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[447,62807,28528,62809,62811],{"id":62808},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62810,53631],{}," with a string?",[20,62813,62814],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[447,62816,28528,62818,62820],{"id":62817},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62819,53631],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62822,62823],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[447,62825,62827,62828,2009],{"id":62826},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62829,53631],{},[20,62831,62832,62833,62835],{},"You get a ",[15,62834,1707],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[33,62837,2075],{"id":2074},[187,62839,62840,62846,62850,62854,62858,62864,62868],{},[190,62841,62842],{},[594,62843,55704,62844,10934],{"href":56953},[15,62845,52838],{},[190,62847,62848],{},[594,62849,54462],{"href":53233},[190,62851,62852],{},[594,62853,57413],{"href":57338},[190,62855,62856],{},[594,62857,52956],{"href":51164},[190,62859,62860],{},[594,62861,55704,62862,10934],{"href":54093},[15,62863,54452],{},[190,62865,62866],{},[594,62867,62476],{"href":52785},[190,62869,62870],{},[594,62871,55704,62872,10934],{"href":55144},[15,62873,12971],{},[20,62875,62876,62877,62879,62880,62882],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62878,52838],{},", when to use ",[15,62881,54452],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2110,62884,62885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":62887},[62888,62889,62891,62892,62893,62900,62907,62908,62916,62918,62930],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":61285,"depth":72,"text":62890},"What list.extend() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":61366,"depth":72,"text":61367},{"id":61503,"depth":72,"text":62894,"children":62895},"extend() vs append()",[62896,62898],{"id":61517,"depth":84,"text":62897},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61580,"depth":84,"text":62899},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61666,"depth":72,"text":62901,"children":62902},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62903,62904,62905,62906],{"id":61677,"depth":84,"text":61678},{"id":61741,"depth":84,"text":61742},{"id":61807,"depth":84,"text":61808},{"id":61881,"depth":84,"text":61882},{"id":61941,"depth":72,"text":61942},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":62909},[62910,62912,62914,62915],{"id":62153,"depth":84,"text":62911},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62226,"depth":84,"text":62913},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62298,"depth":84,"text":62299},{"id":62427,"depth":84,"text":62428},{"id":62670,"depth":72,"text":62917},"When to use extend()",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":62919},[62920,62922,62924,62926,62928],{"id":62783,"depth":84,"text":62921},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62793,"depth":84,"text":62923},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62808,"depth":84,"text":62925},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62817,"depth":84,"text":62927},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62826,"depth":84,"text":62929},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61189,"description":62931},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62938,"title":62939,"body":62940,"description":65031,"extension":2167,"meta":65032,"navigation":87,"path":65033,"seo":65034,"stem":65035,"__hash__":65036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62941,"toc":64994},[62942,62945,62950,62956,62967,62973,62975,63044,63046,63095,63103,63107,63112,63115,63126,63131,63133,63135,63156,63169,63172,63185,63187,63192,63217,63219,63227,63230,63299,63301,63325,63331,63335,63339,63375,63377,63397,63404,63408,63441,63443,63477,63482,63486,63519,63521,63549,63557,63561,63598,63600,63621,63624,63628,63697,63699,63723,63729,63736,63740,63743,63745,63759,63762,63786,63788,63813,63816,63835,63837,63863,63872,63876,63883,63960,63962,64003,64009,64015,64106,64108,64164,64167,64172,64176,64181,64185,64244,64246,64271,64275,64338,64340,64365,64369,64432,64434,64477,64480,64484,64488,64510,64514,64596,64598,64633,64641,64643,64647,64651,64653,64680,64685,64687,64714,64721,64724,64747,64749,64798,64801,64804,64823,64827,64830,64881,64884,64890,64894,64899,64902,64904,64910,64919,64923,64929,64933,64936,64940,64943,64947,64953,64955,64991],[10,62943,62939],{"id":62944},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62946,9316,62947,62949],{},[15,62948,24979],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62951,62952,62953,62955],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62954,24979],{}," for two main reasons:",[187,62957,62958,62961],{},[190,62959,62960],{},"to make an empty list",[190,62962,62963,62964,62966],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62965,60183],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62968,62969,62970,62972],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62971,24979],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[33,62974,36],{"id":35},[38,62976,62978],{"className":40,"code":62977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62979,62980,63002,63020,63024,63034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,62981,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990,62992,62994,62996,62998,63000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,62983,3810],{"class":53},[47,62985,58],{"class":57},[47,62987,22757],{"class":1788},[47,62989,5705],{"class":98},[47,62991,1476],{"class":80},[47,62993,136],{"class":98},[47,62995,1562],{"class":80},[47,62997,136],{"class":98},[47,62999,249],{"class":80},[47,63001,1796],{"class":98},[47,63003,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014,63016,63018],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63005,36284],{"class":53},[47,63007,58],{"class":57},[47,63009,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63011,99],{"class":98},[47,63013,128],{"class":61},[47,63015,41750],{"class":65},[47,63017,128],{"class":61},[47,63019,106],{"class":98},[47,63021,63022],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,63023,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,63025,63026,63028,63030,63032],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,63027,95],{"class":94},[47,63029,99],{"class":98},[47,63031,195],{"class":102},[47,63033,106],{"class":98},[47,63035,63036,63038,63040,63042],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,63037,95],{"class":94},[47,63039,99],{"class":98},[47,63041,36337],{"class":102},[47,63043,106],{"class":98},[20,63045,144],{},[38,63047,63049],{"className":40,"code":63048,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63050,63051,63067],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63052,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63054,4092],{"class":98},[47,63056,1476],{"class":80},[47,63058,136],{"class":98},[47,63060,1562],{"class":80},[47,63062,136],{"class":98},[47,63064,249],{"class":80},[47,63066,3828],{"class":98},[47,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63070,4092],{"class":98},[47,63072,3493],{"class":61},[47,63074,594],{"class":65},[47,63076,3493],{"class":61},[47,63078,136],{"class":98},[47,63080,3488],{"class":61},[47,63082,4957],{"class":65},[47,63084,3493],{"class":61},[47,63086,136],{"class":98},[47,63088,3488],{"class":61},[47,63090,9931],{"class":65},[47,63092,3493],{"class":61},[47,63094,3828],{"class":98},[20,63096,167,63097,63099,63100,63102],{},[15,63098,24979],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63101,60183],{},", set, or dictionary.",[33,63104,63106],{"id":63105},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63108,63109,63111],{},[15,63110,24979],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63113,63114],{},"It can:",[187,63116,63117,63120,63123],{},[190,63118,63119],{},"create a new list object",[190,63121,63122],{},"make an empty list",[190,63124,63125],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63127,63128,63129,445],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[594,63130,52956],{"href":51164},[33,63132,290],{"id":289},[20,63134,26686],{},[38,63136,63138],{"className":40,"code":63137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63139,63140,63146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63141,63142,63144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63143,8288],{"class":1788},[47,63145,8836],{"class":98},[47,63147,63148,63150,63152,63154],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63149,8288],{"class":1788},[47,63151,99],{"class":98},[47,63153,3913],{"class":102},[47,63155,106],{"class":98},[187,63157,63158,63163],{},[190,63159,63160,63162],{},[15,63161,24979],{}," makes an empty list",[190,63164,63165,63168],{},[15,63166,63167],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63170,63171],{},"Common iterable values include:",[187,63173,63174,63176,63178,63180,63183],{},[190,63175,5503],{},[190,63177,5497],{},[190,63179,5500],{},[190,63181,63182],{},"ranges",[190,63184,7446],{},[33,63186,59805],{"id":59804},[20,63188,167,63189,63191],{},[15,63190,24979],{}," with no arguments:",[38,63193,63195],{"className":40,"code":63194,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63196,63197,63207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63198,63199,63201,63203,63205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63200,7975],{"class":53},[47,63202,58],{"class":57},[47,63204,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63206,8836],{"class":98},[47,63208,63209,63211,63213,63215],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63210,95],{"class":94},[47,63212,99],{"class":98},[47,63214,8006],{"class":102},[47,63216,106],{"class":98},[20,63218,144],{},[38,63220,63221],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63222,63223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63224,63225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63226,38489],{"class":98},[20,63228,63229],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[38,63231,63233],{"className":40,"code":63232,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63234,63235,63245,63249,63267,63285,63289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63236,63237,63239,63241,63243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63238,7975],{"class":53},[47,63240,58],{"class":57},[47,63242,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63244,8836],{"class":98},[47,63246,63247],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63248,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,63250,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,63252,8006],{"class":53},[47,63254,445],{"class":98},[47,63256,13747],{"class":102},[47,63258,99],{"class":98},[47,63260,128],{"class":61},[47,63262,4272],{"class":65},[47,63264,128],{"class":61},[47,63266,106],{"class":98},[47,63268,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,63270,8006],{"class":53},[47,63272,445],{"class":98},[47,63274,13747],{"class":102},[47,63276,99],{"class":98},[47,63278,128],{"class":61},[47,63280,4281],{"class":65},[47,63282,128],{"class":61},[47,63284,106],{"class":98},[47,63286,63287],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,63288,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,63290,63291,63293,63295,63297],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,63292,95],{"class":94},[47,63294,99],{"class":98},[47,63296,8006],{"class":102},[47,63298,106],{"class":98},[20,63300,144],{},[38,63302,63303],{"className":40,"code":38615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63304,63305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63306,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319,63321,63323],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63308,4092],{"class":98},[47,63310,3493],{"class":61},[47,63312,4272],{"class":65},[47,63314,3493],{"class":61},[47,63316,136],{"class":98},[47,63318,3488],{"class":61},[47,63320,4281],{"class":65},[47,63322,3493],{"class":61},[47,63324,3828],{"class":98},[20,63326,63327,63328,63330],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63329,3979],{},". Both are valid.",[33,63332,63334],{"id":63333},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[447,63336,63338],{"id":63337},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[38,63340,63341],{"className":40,"code":60103,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63342,63343,63365],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63344,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63346,3810],{"class":53},[47,63348,58],{"class":57},[47,63350,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63352,5705],{"class":98},[47,63354,1476],{"class":80},[47,63356,136],{"class":98},[47,63358,1562],{"class":80},[47,63360,136],{"class":98},[47,63362,249],{"class":80},[47,63364,1796],{"class":98},[47,63366,63367,63369,63371,63373],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63368,95],{"class":94},[47,63370,99],{"class":98},[47,63372,195],{"class":102},[47,63374,106],{"class":98},[20,63376,144],{},[38,63378,63379],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63380,63381],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63382,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63384,4092],{"class":98},[47,63386,1476],{"class":80},[47,63388,136],{"class":98},[47,63390,1562],{"class":80},[47,63392,136],{"class":98},[47,63394,249],{"class":80},[47,63396,3828],{"class":98},[20,63398,63399,63400,445],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[594,63401,63403],{"href":63402},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[447,63405,63407],{"id":63406},"string-to-list","String to list",[38,63409,63411],{"className":40,"code":63410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63412,63413,63431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63414,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63416,36284],{"class":53},[47,63418,58],{"class":57},[47,63420,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63422,99],{"class":98},[47,63424,128],{"class":61},[47,63426,37239],{"class":65},[47,63428,128],{"class":61},[47,63430,106],{"class":98},[47,63432,63433,63435,63437,63439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63434,95],{"class":94},[47,63436,99],{"class":98},[47,63438,36337],{"class":102},[47,63440,106],{"class":98},[20,63442,144],{},[38,63444,63446],{"className":40,"code":63445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63447,63448],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63449,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63473,63475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63451,4092],{"class":98},[47,63453,3493],{"class":61},[47,63455,9931],{"class":65},[47,63457,3493],{"class":61},[47,63459,136],{"class":98},[47,63461,3488],{"class":61},[47,63463,594],{"class":65},[47,63465,3493],{"class":61},[47,63467,136],{"class":98},[47,63469,3488],{"class":61},[47,63471,63472],{"class":65},"t",[47,63474,3493],{"class":61},[47,63476,3828],{"class":98},[20,63478,63479,63481],{},[15,63480,24979],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[447,63483,63485],{"id":63484},"range-to-list","Range to list",[38,63487,63489],{"className":40,"code":63488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63490,63491,63509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63492,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63494,3810],{"class":53},[47,63496,58],{"class":57},[47,63498,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63500,99],{"class":98},[47,63502,60183],{"class":94},[47,63504,99],{"class":98},[47,63506,232],{"class":80},[47,63508,1796],{"class":98},[47,63510,63511,63513,63515,63517],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63512,95],{"class":94},[47,63514,99],{"class":98},[47,63516,195],{"class":102},[47,63518,106],{"class":98},[20,63520,144],{},[38,63522,63523],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63524,63525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63526,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63528,4092],{"class":98},[47,63530,2321],{"class":80},[47,63532,136],{"class":98},[47,63534,1545],{"class":80},[47,63536,136],{"class":98},[47,63538,1562],{"class":80},[47,63540,136],{"class":98},[47,63542,249],{"class":80},[47,63544,136],{"class":98},[47,63546,393],{"class":80},[47,63548,3828],{"class":98},[20,63550,63551,63552,63556],{},"This is common when working with ",[594,63553,63554],{"href":36389},[15,63555,36392],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[447,63558,63560],{"id":63559},"set-to-list","Set to list",[38,63562,63564],{"className":40,"code":63563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63565,63566,63588],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63567,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63569,4015],{"class":53},[47,63571,58],{"class":57},[47,63573,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63575,5724],{"class":98},[47,63577,582],{"class":80},[47,63579,136],{"class":98},[47,63581,7986],{"class":80},[47,63583,136],{"class":98},[47,63585,7991],{"class":80},[47,63587,30695],{"class":98},[47,63589,63590,63592,63594,63596],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63591,95],{"class":94},[47,63593,99],{"class":98},[47,63595,5553],{"class":102},[47,63597,106],{"class":98},[20,63599,17154],{},[38,63601,63603],{"className":40,"code":63602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63604,63605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63606,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63608,4092],{"class":98},[47,63610,582],{"class":80},[47,63612,136],{"class":98},[47,63614,7986],{"class":80},[47,63616,136],{"class":98},[47,63618,7991],{"class":80},[47,63620,3828],{"class":98},[20,63622,63623],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[447,63625,63627],{"id":63626},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[38,63629,63631],{"className":40,"code":63630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63632,63633,63669,63683,63687],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63634,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63636,13398],{"class":53},[47,63638,58],{"class":57},[47,63640,10683],{"class":98},[47,63642,128],{"class":61},[47,63644,103],{"class":65},[47,63646,128],{"class":61},[47,63648,420],{"class":98},[47,63650,62],{"class":61},[47,63652,13075],{"class":65},[47,63654,128],{"class":61},[47,63656,136],{"class":98},[47,63658,62],{"class":61},[47,63660,116],{"class":65},[47,63662,128],{"class":61},[47,63664,420],{"class":98},[47,63666,9497],{"class":80},[47,63668,9500],{"class":98},[47,63670,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63672,1290],{"class":53},[47,63674,58],{"class":57},[47,63676,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63678,99],{"class":98},[47,63680,17503],{"class":102},[47,63682,106],{"class":98},[47,63684,63685],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,63686,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,63688,63689,63691,63693,63695],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,63690,95],{"class":94},[47,63692,99],{"class":98},[47,63694,1315],{"class":102},[47,63696,106],{"class":98},[20,63698,144],{},[38,63700,63701],{"className":40,"code":25679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,63702,63703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63704,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63706,4092],{"class":98},[47,63708,3493],{"class":61},[47,63710,103],{"class":65},[47,63712,3493],{"class":61},[47,63714,136],{"class":98},[47,63716,3488],{"class":61},[47,63718,116],{"class":65},[47,63720,3493],{"class":61},[47,63722,3828],{"class":98},[20,63724,63725,63726,63728],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63727,24979],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63730,63731,63732,445],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[594,63733,63735],{"href":63734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[33,63737,63739],{"id":63738},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63741,63742],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63744,61340],{},[187,63746,63747,63749,63751,63753,63755,63757],{},[190,63748,5494],{},[190,63750,5497],{},[190,63752,5503],{},[190,63754,5500],{},[190,63756,63182],{},[190,63758,7446],{},[20,63760,63761],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[38,63763,63765],{"className":40,"code":63764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63766,63767],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63768,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63782,63784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63770,95],{"class":94},[47,63772,99],{"class":98},[47,63774,8288],{"class":1788},[47,63776,99],{"class":98},[47,63778,128],{"class":61},[47,63780,63781],{"class":65},"hi",[47,63783,128],{"class":61},[47,63785,1796],{"class":98},[20,63787,144],{},[38,63789,63791],{"className":40,"code":63790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63792,63793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63794,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63796,4092],{"class":98},[47,63798,3493],{"class":61},[47,63800,60623],{"class":65},[47,63802,3493],{"class":61},[47,63804,136],{"class":98},[47,63806,3488],{"class":61},[47,63808,36348],{"class":65},[47,63810,3493],{"class":61},[47,63812,3828],{"class":98},[20,63814,63815],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[38,63817,63819],{"className":40,"code":63818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63820,63821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63822,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63824,95],{"class":94},[47,63826,99],{"class":98},[47,63828,8288],{"class":1788},[47,63830,99],{"class":98},[47,63832,232],{"class":80},[47,63834,1796],{"class":98},[20,63836,144],{},[38,63838,63840],{"className":40,"code":63839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63841,63842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63843,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63845,1707],{"class":1788},[47,63847,420],{"class":98},[47,63849,3488],{"class":61},[47,63851,2389],{"class":65},[47,63853,3493],{"class":61},[47,63855,24815],{"class":1788},[47,63857,8291],{"class":57},[47,63859,8294],{"class":57},[47,63861,63862],{"class":53}," iterable\n",[20,63864,63865,63866,63868,63869,445],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[594,63867,5333],{"href":5781},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[594,63870,63871],{"href":52785},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,63873,63875],{"id":63874},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63877,63878,63879,63882],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63880,63881],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[38,63884,63886],{"className":40,"code":63885,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63887,63888,63908,63922,63926,63936,63946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63889,63890,63892,63894,63896,63898,63900,63902,63904,63906],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63891,12280],{"class":53},[47,63893,58],{"class":57},[47,63895,3815],{"class":98},[47,63897,1476],{"class":80},[47,63899,136],{"class":98},[47,63901,1562],{"class":80},[47,63903,136],{"class":98},[47,63905,249],{"class":80},[47,63907,3828],{"class":98},[47,63909,63910,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63911,14505],{"class":53},[47,63913,58],{"class":57},[47,63915,22757],{"class":1788},[47,63917,99],{"class":98},[47,63919,12327],{"class":102},[47,63921,106],{"class":98},[47,63923,63924],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,63925,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,63927,63928,63930,63932,63934],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,63929,95],{"class":94},[47,63931,99],{"class":98},[47,63933,12327],{"class":102},[47,63935,106],{"class":98},[47,63937,63938,63940,63942,63944],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,63939,95],{"class":94},[47,63941,99],{"class":98},[47,63943,14524],{"class":102},[47,63945,106],{"class":98},[47,63947,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,63949,95],{"class":94},[47,63951,99],{"class":98},[47,63953,12280],{"class":102},[47,63955,12388],{"class":1461},[47,63957,14578],{"class":102},[47,63959,106],{"class":98},[20,63961,144],{},[38,63963,63965],{"className":40,"code":63964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63966,63967,63983,63999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,63968,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,63970,4092],{"class":98},[47,63972,1476],{"class":80},[47,63974,136],{"class":98},[47,63976,1562],{"class":80},[47,63978,136],{"class":98},[47,63980,249],{"class":80},[47,63982,3828],{"class":98},[47,63984,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,63986,4092],{"class":98},[47,63988,1476],{"class":80},[47,63990,136],{"class":98},[47,63992,1562],{"class":80},[47,63994,136],{"class":98},[47,63996,249],{"class":80},[47,63998,3828],{"class":98},[47,64000,64001],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,64002,4233],{"class":1334},[20,64004,64005,64006,64008],{},"This means ",[15,64007,14524],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64010,64011,64012,64014],{},"However, this is only a ",[280,64013,13045],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[38,64016,64018],{"className":40,"code":64017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64019,64020,64046,64060,64064,64082,64086,64096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64021,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64023,12280],{"class":53},[47,64025,58],{"class":57},[47,64027,56478],{"class":98},[47,64029,1476],{"class":80},[47,64031,136],{"class":98},[47,64033,1562],{"class":80},[47,64035,18258],{"class":98},[47,64037,3815],{"class":98},[47,64039,2263],{"class":80},[47,64041,136],{"class":98},[47,64043,393],{"class":80},[47,64045,53427],{"class":98},[47,64047,64048,64050,64052,64054,64056,64058],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64049,14505],{"class":53},[47,64051,58],{"class":57},[47,64053,22757],{"class":1788},[47,64055,99],{"class":98},[47,64057,12327],{"class":102},[47,64059,106],{"class":98},[47,64061,64062],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,64063,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,64065,64066,64068,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,64067,14524],{"class":53},[47,64069,4092],{"class":98},[47,64071,2321],{"class":80},[47,64073,13744],{"class":98},[47,64075,13747],{"class":102},[47,64077,99],{"class":98},[47,64079,56531],{"class":80},[47,64081,106],{"class":98},[47,64083,64084],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,64085,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,64087,64088,64090,64092,64094],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,64089,95],{"class":94},[47,64091,99],{"class":98},[47,64093,12327],{"class":102},[47,64095,106],{"class":98},[47,64097,64098,64100,64102,64104],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,64099,95],{"class":94},[47,64101,99],{"class":98},[47,64103,14524],{"class":102},[47,64105,106],{"class":98},[20,64107,144],{},[38,64109,64110],{"className":40,"code":56562,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,64111,64112,64138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64113,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134,64136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64115,56569],{"class":98},[47,64117,1476],{"class":80},[47,64119,136],{"class":98},[47,64121,1562],{"class":80},[47,64123,136],{"class":98},[47,64125,10389],{"class":80},[47,64127,18258],{"class":98},[47,64129,3815],{"class":98},[47,64131,2263],{"class":80},[47,64133,136],{"class":98},[47,64135,393],{"class":80},[47,64137,53427],{"class":98},[47,64139,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64141,56569],{"class":98},[47,64143,1476],{"class":80},[47,64145,136],{"class":98},[47,64147,1562],{"class":80},[47,64149,136],{"class":98},[47,64151,10389],{"class":80},[47,64153,18258],{"class":98},[47,64155,3815],{"class":98},[47,64157,2263],{"class":80},[47,64159,136],{"class":98},[47,64161,393],{"class":80},[47,64163,53427],{"class":98},[20,64165,64166],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64168,64169,64170,445],{},"For more on this, see ",[594,64171,13985],{"href":13984},[33,64173,64175],{"id":64174},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64177,64178,64179,445],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64180,24979],{},[447,64182,64184],{"id":64183},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[38,64186,64188],{"className":40,"code":64187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64189,64190,64230],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64191,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64193,13058],{"class":53},[47,64195,58],{"class":57},[47,64197,10683],{"class":98},[47,64199,128],{"class":61},[47,64201,103],{"class":65},[47,64203,128],{"class":61},[47,64205,420],{"class":98},[47,64207,62],{"class":61},[47,64209,66],{"class":65},[47,64211,128],{"class":61},[47,64213,136],{"class":98},[47,64215,62],{"class":61},[47,64217,20088],{"class":65},[47,64219,128],{"class":61},[47,64221,420],{"class":98},[47,64223,62],{"class":61},[47,64225,22442],{"class":65},[47,64227,128],{"class":61},[47,64229,9500],{"class":98},[47,64231,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64233,95],{"class":94},[47,64235,99],{"class":98},[47,64237,8288],{"class":1788},[47,64239,99],{"class":98},[47,64241,13820],{"class":102},[47,64243,1796],{"class":98},[20,64245,144],{},[38,64247,64249],{"className":40,"code":64248,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64250,64251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64252,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64254,4092],{"class":98},[47,64256,3493],{"class":61},[47,64258,103],{"class":65},[47,64260,3493],{"class":61},[47,64262,136],{"class":98},[47,64264,3488],{"class":61},[47,64266,20088],{"class":65},[47,64268,3493],{"class":61},[47,64270,3828],{"class":98},[447,64272,64274],{"id":64273},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[38,64276,64278],{"className":40,"code":64277,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64279,64280,64320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64281,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64283,13058],{"class":53},[47,64285,58],{"class":57},[47,64287,10683],{"class":98},[47,64289,128],{"class":61},[47,64291,103],{"class":65},[47,64293,128],{"class":61},[47,64295,420],{"class":98},[47,64297,62],{"class":61},[47,64299,66],{"class":65},[47,64301,128],{"class":61},[47,64303,136],{"class":98},[47,64305,62],{"class":61},[47,64307,20088],{"class":65},[47,64309,128],{"class":61},[47,64311,420],{"class":98},[47,64313,62],{"class":61},[47,64315,22442],{"class":65},[47,64317,128],{"class":61},[47,64319,9500],{"class":98},[47,64321,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64323,95],{"class":94},[47,64325,99],{"class":98},[47,64327,8288],{"class":1788},[47,64329,99],{"class":98},[47,64331,13820],{"class":102},[47,64333,445],{"class":98},[47,64335,5553],{"class":102},[47,64337,6483],{"class":98},[20,64339,144],{},[38,64341,64343],{"className":40,"code":64342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64344,64345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64346,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64348,4092],{"class":98},[47,64350,3493],{"class":61},[47,64352,66],{"class":65},[47,64354,3493],{"class":61},[47,64356,136],{"class":98},[47,64358,3488],{"class":61},[47,64360,22442],{"class":65},[47,64362,3493],{"class":61},[47,64364,3828],{"class":98},[447,64366,64368],{"id":64367},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[38,64370,64372],{"className":40,"code":64371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64373,64374,64414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64375,64376,64378,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64377,13058],{"class":53},[47,64379,58],{"class":57},[47,64381,10683],{"class":98},[47,64383,128],{"class":61},[47,64385,103],{"class":65},[47,64387,128],{"class":61},[47,64389,420],{"class":98},[47,64391,62],{"class":61},[47,64393,66],{"class":65},[47,64395,128],{"class":61},[47,64397,136],{"class":98},[47,64399,62],{"class":61},[47,64401,20088],{"class":65},[47,64403,128],{"class":61},[47,64405,420],{"class":98},[47,64407,62],{"class":61},[47,64409,22442],{"class":65},[47,64411,128],{"class":61},[47,64413,9500],{"class":98},[47,64415,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64417,95],{"class":94},[47,64419,99],{"class":98},[47,64421,8288],{"class":1788},[47,64423,99],{"class":98},[47,64425,13820],{"class":102},[47,64427,445],{"class":98},[47,64429,8006],{"class":102},[47,64431,6483],{"class":98},[20,64433,144],{},[38,64435,64437],{"className":40,"code":64436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64438,64439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64440,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64465,64467,64469,64471,64473,64475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64442,21937],{"class":98},[47,64444,3493],{"class":61},[47,64446,103],{"class":65},[47,64448,3493],{"class":61},[47,64450,136],{"class":98},[47,64452,3488],{"class":61},[47,64454,66],{"class":65},[47,64456,3493],{"class":61},[47,64458,9425],{"class":98},[47,64460,9428],{"class":98},[47,64462,3493],{"class":61},[47,64464,20088],{"class":65},[47,64466,3493],{"class":61},[47,64468,136],{"class":98},[47,64470,3488],{"class":61},[47,64472,22442],{"class":65},[47,64474,3493],{"class":61},[47,64476,9441],{"class":98},[20,64478,64479],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[33,64481,64483],{"id":64482},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64485,167,64486,10794],{},[15,64487,24979],{},[187,64489,64490,64498,64507],{},[190,64491,64492,64493,3072,64495],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64494,52838],{},[15,64496,64497],{},"sort()",[190,64499,64500,64501,3072,64503,64506],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64502,36392],{},[15,64504,64505],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[190,64508,64509],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64511,46228,64512,420],{},[15,64513,64505],{},[38,64515,64517],{"className":40,"code":64516,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64518,64519,64543,64559,64563,64586],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64520,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64522,5192],{"class":53},[47,64524,58],{"class":57},[47,64526,3815],{"class":98},[47,64528,128],{"class":61},[47,64530,13075],{"class":65},[47,64532,128],{"class":61},[47,64534,136],{"class":98},[47,64536,62],{"class":61},[47,64538,36135],{"class":65},[47,64540,128],{"class":61},[47,64542,3828],{"class":98},[47,64544,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64546,5261],{"class":53},[47,64548,58],{"class":57},[47,64550,3815],{"class":98},[47,64552,13696],{"class":80},[47,64554,136],{"class":98},[47,64556,13701],{"class":80},[47,64558,3828],{"class":98},[47,64560,64561],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,64562,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,64564,64565,64567,64569,64571,64573,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,64566,9407],{"class":53},[47,64568,58],{"class":57},[47,64570,22757],{"class":1788},[47,64572,99],{"class":98},[47,64574,64575],{"class":94},"zip",[47,64577,99],{"class":98},[47,64579,5236],{"class":102},[47,64581,136],{"class":98},[47,64583,5307],{"class":102},[47,64585,1796],{"class":98},[47,64587,64588,64590,64592,64594],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,64589,95],{"class":94},[47,64591,99],{"class":98},[47,64593,9454],{"class":102},[47,64595,106],{"class":98},[20,64597,144],{},[38,64599,64601],{"className":40,"code":64600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64602,64603],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64604,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64606,21937],{"class":98},[47,64608,3493],{"class":61},[47,64610,13075],{"class":65},[47,64612,3493],{"class":61},[47,64614,136],{"class":98},[47,64616,20095],{"class":80},[47,64618,9425],{"class":98},[47,64620,9428],{"class":98},[47,64622,3493],{"class":61},[47,64624,36135],{"class":65},[47,64626,3493],{"class":61},[47,64628,136],{"class":98},[47,64630,13701],{"class":80},[47,64632,9441],{"class":98},[20,64634,64635,64636,64638,64639,445],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64637,52838],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[594,64640,53234],{"href":53233},[33,64642,4713],{"id":4712},[20,64644,56960,64645,445],{},[15,64646,24979],{},[447,64648,64650],{"id":64649},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64652,4720],{},[38,64654,64656],{"className":40,"code":64655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64657,64658,64662],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64659,64660],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64661,4730],{"class":3857},[47,64663,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64665,8288],{"class":1788},[47,64667,99],{"class":98},[47,64669,1476],{"class":80},[47,64671,136],{"class":98},[47,64673,1562],{"class":80},[47,64675,136],{"class":98},[47,64677,249],{"class":80},[47,64679,106],{"class":98},[20,64681,64682,64684],{},[15,64683,24979],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64686,18891],{},[38,64688,64690],{"className":40,"code":64689,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64691,64692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64693,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64695,95],{"class":94},[47,64697,99],{"class":98},[47,64699,8288],{"class":1788},[47,64701,5705],{"class":98},[47,64703,1476],{"class":80},[47,64705,136],{"class":98},[47,64707,1562],{"class":80},[47,64709,136],{"class":98},[47,64711,249],{"class":80},[47,64713,3106],{"class":98},[447,64715,64717,64718],{"id":64716},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[47,64719,64720],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64722,64723],{},"This is a common surprise:",[38,64725,64727],{"className":40,"code":64726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64728,64729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64730,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64732,95],{"class":94},[47,64734,99],{"class":98},[47,64736,8288],{"class":1788},[47,64738,99],{"class":98},[47,64740,128],{"class":61},[47,64742,4038],{"class":65},[47,64744,128],{"class":61},[47,64746,1796],{"class":98},[20,64748,144],{},[38,64750,64752],{"className":40,"code":64751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64753,64754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64755,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64757,4092],{"class":98},[47,64759,3493],{"class":61},[47,64761,60623],{"class":65},[47,64763,3493],{"class":61},[47,64765,136],{"class":98},[47,64767,3488],{"class":61},[47,64769,60632],{"class":65},[47,64771,3493],{"class":61},[47,64773,136],{"class":98},[47,64775,3488],{"class":61},[47,64777,60641],{"class":65},[47,64779,3493],{"class":61},[47,64781,136],{"class":98},[47,64783,3488],{"class":61},[47,64785,60641],{"class":65},[47,64787,3493],{"class":61},[47,64789,136],{"class":98},[47,64791,3488],{"class":61},[47,64793,60658],{"class":65},[47,64795,3493],{"class":61},[47,64797,3828],{"class":98},[20,64799,64800],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64802,64803],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[38,64805,64807],{"className":40,"code":64806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64808,64809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64810,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64812,95],{"class":94},[47,64814,3178],{"class":98},[47,64816,128],{"class":61},[47,64818,4038],{"class":65},[47,64820,128],{"class":61},[47,64822,4080],{"class":98},[447,64824,64826],{"id":64825},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64828,64829],{},"This:",[38,64831,64833],{"className":40,"code":64832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64834,64835,64867],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,64836,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863,64865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,64838,9359],{"class":53},[47,64840,58],{"class":57},[47,64842,10683],{"class":98},[47,64844,128],{"class":61},[47,64846,594],{"class":65},[47,64848,128],{"class":61},[47,64850,420],{"class":98},[47,64852,1545],{"class":80},[47,64854,136],{"class":98},[47,64856,62],{"class":61},[47,64858,4957],{"class":65},[47,64860,128],{"class":61},[47,64862,420],{"class":98},[47,64864,1562],{"class":80},[47,64866,9500],{"class":98},[47,64868,64869,64871,64873,64875,64877,64879],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,64870,95],{"class":94},[47,64872,99],{"class":98},[47,64874,8288],{"class":1788},[47,64876,99],{"class":98},[47,64878,9396],{"class":102},[47,64880,1796],{"class":98},[20,64882,64883],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64885,167,64886,64889],{},[15,64887,64888],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[447,64891,64893],{"id":64892},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64895,64896,64898],{},[15,64897,24979],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64900,64901],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[33,64903,1969],{"id":1968},[447,64905,2055,64907,64909],{"id":64906},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[47,64908],{}," and list()?",[20,64911,64912,64913,64915,64916,64918],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64914,3979],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64917,24979],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[447,64920,64922],{"id":64921},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64924,64925,64926,64928],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64927,24979],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[447,64930,64932],{"id":64931},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64934,64935],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[447,64937,64939],{"id":64938},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64941,64942],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[447,64944,64946],{"id":64945},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64948,64949,64950,64952],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64951,24979],{}," cannot loop through it.",[33,64954,2075],{"id":2074},[187,64956,64957,64961,64966,64970,64974,64978,64982,64987],{},[190,64958,64959],{},[594,64960,52956],{"href":51164},[190,64962,64963],{},[594,64964,64965],{"href":36389},"Python range() function explained",[190,64967,64968],{},[594,64969,63403],{"href":63402},[190,64971,64972],{},[594,64973,63735],{"href":63734},[190,64975,64976],{},[594,64977,5410],{"href":5781},[190,64979,64980],{},[594,64981,13985],{"href":13984},[190,64983,64984],{},[594,64985,64986],{"href":52785},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[190,64988,64989],{},[594,64990,54462],{"href":53233},[2110,64992,64993],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":64995},[64996,64997,64998,64999,65000,65007,65008,65009,65014,65015,65022,65030],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":63105,"depth":72,"text":63106},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":59804,"depth":72,"text":59805},{"id":63333,"depth":72,"text":63334,"children":65001},[65002,65003,65004,65005,65006],{"id":63337,"depth":84,"text":63338},{"id":63406,"depth":84,"text":63407},{"id":63484,"depth":84,"text":63485},{"id":63559,"depth":84,"text":63560},{"id":63626,"depth":84,"text":63627},{"id":63738,"depth":72,"text":63739},{"id":63874,"depth":72,"text":63875},{"id":64174,"depth":72,"text":64175,"children":65010},[65011,65012,65013],{"id":64183,"depth":84,"text":64184},{"id":64273,"depth":84,"text":64274},{"id":64367,"depth":84,"text":64368},{"id":64482,"depth":72,"text":64483},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":65016},[65017,65018,65020,65021],{"id":64649,"depth":84,"text":64650},{"id":64716,"depth":84,"text":65019},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64825,"depth":84,"text":64826},{"id":64892,"depth":84,"text":64893},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":65023},[65024,65026,65027,65028,65029],{"id":64906,"depth":84,"text":65025},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64921,"depth":84,"text":64922},{"id":64931,"depth":84,"text":64932},{"id":64938,"depth":84,"text":64939},{"id":64945,"depth":84,"text":64946},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62939,"description":65031},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65038,"title":65039,"body":65040,"description":66390,"extension":2167,"meta":66391,"navigation":87,"path":66392,"seo":66393,"stem":66394,"__hash__":66395},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65041,"toc":66364},[65042,65047,65053,65062,65064,65137,65146,65151,65155,65171,65175,65177,65179,65198,65201,65228,65231,65256,65264,65266,65271,65278,65280,65337,65339,65347,65353,65357,65360,65433,65435,65443,65446,65469,65476,65482,65486,65492,65563,65565,65573,65582,65589,65596,65604,65748,65750,65767,65770,65809,65812,65816,65821,65823,65882,65888,65891,65998,66000,66015,66018,66025,66027,66031,66179,66182,66243,66246,66249,66270,66275,66279,66290,66293,66295,66300,66303,66311,66316,66322,66325,66331,66339,66341,66361],[10,65043,54526,65045,11516],{"id":65044},"python-list-index-method",[15,65046,59152],{},[20,65048,65049,65052],{},[15,65050,65051],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65054,65055,65056,65059,65060,445],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[280,65057,65058],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65061,40894],{},[33,65063,3800],{"id":3799},[38,65065,65067],{"className":40,"code":65066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65068,65069,65101,65124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65070,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65072,7975],{"class":53},[47,65074,58],{"class":57},[47,65076,3815],{"class":98},[47,65078,128],{"class":61},[47,65080,4272],{"class":65},[47,65082,128],{"class":61},[47,65084,136],{"class":98},[47,65086,62],{"class":61},[47,65088,4281],{"class":65},[47,65090,128],{"class":61},[47,65092,136],{"class":98},[47,65094,62],{"class":61},[47,65096,4290],{"class":65},[47,65098,128],{"class":61},[47,65100,3828],{"class":98},[47,65102,65103,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118,65120,65122],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65104,65105],{"class":53},"position ",[47,65107,58],{"class":57},[47,65109,6160],{"class":53},[47,65111,445],{"class":98},[47,65113,36041],{"class":102},[47,65115,99],{"class":98},[47,65117,128],{"class":61},[47,65119,4281],{"class":65},[47,65121,128],{"class":61},[47,65123,106],{"class":98},[47,65125,65126,65128,65130,65133,65135],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,65127,95],{"class":94},[47,65129,99],{"class":98},[47,65131,65132],{"class":102},"position",[47,65134,3854],{"class":98},[47,65136,27979],{"class":3857},[20,65138,167,65139,65142,65143,65145],{},[15,65140,65141],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65144,40894],{}," if the item is not found.",[33,65147,174,65149,177],{"id":65148},"what-listindex-does",[15,65150,65051],{},[20,65152,65153,420],{},[15,65154,65051],{},[187,65156,65157,65160,65163,65168],{},[190,65158,65159],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[190,65161,65162],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[190,65164,65165,65166],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65167,2321],{},[190,65169,65170],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65172,54751,65173,445],{},[594,65174,52956],{"href":54754},[33,65176,290],{"id":289},[20,65178,293],{},[38,65180,65182],{"className":40,"code":65181,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65183,65184],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65185,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65187,8533],{"class":53},[47,65189,445],{"class":98},[47,65191,36041],{"class":102},[47,65193,99],{"class":98},[47,65195,2668],{"class":102},[47,65197,106],{"class":98},[20,65199,65200],{},"You can also limit the search:",[38,65202,65204],{"className":40,"code":65203,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65205,65206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65207,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65209,8533],{"class":53},[47,65211,445],{"class":98},[47,65213,36041],{"class":102},[47,65215,99],{"class":98},[47,65217,2668],{"class":102},[47,65219,136],{"class":98},[47,65221,36245],{"class":102},[47,65223,136],{"class":98},[47,65225,1146],{"class":102},[47,65227,106],{"class":98},[20,65229,65230],{},"Here is what each part means:",[187,65232,65233,65238,65243,65248],{},[190,65234,65235,65237],{},[15,65236,2668],{},": the item to search for",[190,65239,65240,65242],{},[15,65241,36266],{},": where the search begins",[190,65244,65245,65247],{},[15,65246,820],{},": where the search stops",[190,65249,65250,4980,65252,65255],{},[15,65251,820],{},[280,65253,65254],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65257,65258,65259,65261,65262,445],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65260,36266],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65263,820],{},[33,65265,38212],{"id":38211},[20,65267,65268,65270],{},[15,65269,65051],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65272,65273,65274,65277],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[280,65275,65276],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65279,204],{},[38,65281,65283],{"className":40,"code":65282,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65284,65285,65305,65323,65327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65286,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65288,3810],{"class":53},[47,65290,58],{"class":57},[47,65292,3815],{"class":98},[47,65294,582],{"class":80},[47,65296,136],{"class":98},[47,65298,7986],{"class":80},[47,65300,136],{"class":98},[47,65302,7991],{"class":80},[47,65304,3828],{"class":98},[47,65306,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65308,1290],{"class":53},[47,65310,58],{"class":57},[47,65312,4457],{"class":53},[47,65314,445],{"class":98},[47,65316,36041],{"class":102},[47,65318,99],{"class":98},[47,65320,15949],{"class":80},[47,65322,106],{"class":98},[47,65324,65325],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,65326,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,65328,65329,65331,65333,65335],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,65330,95],{"class":94},[47,65332,99],{"class":98},[47,65334,1315],{"class":102},[47,65336,106],{"class":98},[20,65338,144],{},[38,65340,65341],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65342,65343],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65344,65345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65346,47104],{"class":80},[20,65348,65349,65350,65352],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65351,59152],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[33,65354,65356],{"id":65355},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65358,65359],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[38,65361,65363],{"className":40,"code":65362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65364,65365,65397,65419,65423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65366,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65368,36433],{"class":53},[47,65370,58],{"class":57},[47,65372,3815],{"class":98},[47,65374,128],{"class":61},[47,65376,4272],{"class":65},[47,65378,128],{"class":61},[47,65380,136],{"class":98},[47,65382,62],{"class":61},[47,65384,4281],{"class":65},[47,65386,128],{"class":61},[47,65388,136],{"class":98},[47,65390,62],{"class":61},[47,65392,4290],{"class":65},[47,65394,128],{"class":61},[47,65396,3828],{"class":98},[47,65398,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65400,65105],{"class":53},[47,65402,58],{"class":57},[47,65404,53036],{"class":53},[47,65406,445],{"class":98},[47,65408,36041],{"class":102},[47,65410,99],{"class":98},[47,65412,128],{"class":61},[47,65414,4290],{"class":65},[47,65416,128],{"class":61},[47,65418,106],{"class":98},[47,65420,65421],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,65422,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,65424,65425,65427,65429,65431],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,65426,95],{"class":94},[47,65428,99],{"class":98},[47,65430,65132],{"class":102},[47,65432,106],{"class":98},[20,65434,144],{},[38,65436,65437],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65438,65439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65440,65441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65442,17252],{"class":80},[20,65444,65445],{},"In this list:",[187,65447,65448,65455,65462],{},[190,65449,65450,65452,65453],{},[15,65451,58017],{}," is at index ",[15,65454,2321],{},[190,65456,65457,65452,65460],{},[15,65458,65459],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65461,1476],{},[190,65463,65464,65452,65467],{},[15,65465,65466],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65468,243],{},[20,65470,53838,65471,1270,65474,445],{},[15,65472,65473],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65475,243],{},[20,65477,51728,65478,445],{},[594,65479,65481],{"href":65480},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[33,65483,65485],{"id":65484},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65487,65488,65489,65491],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65490,59152],{}," returns the first match only.",[38,65493,65495],{"className":40,"code":65494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65496,65497,65537,65541],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65498,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65500,13271],{"class":53},[47,65502,58],{"class":57},[47,65504,3815],{"class":98},[47,65506,128],{"class":61},[47,65508,876],{"class":65},[47,65510,128],{"class":61},[47,65512,136],{"class":98},[47,65514,62],{"class":61},[47,65516,894],{"class":65},[47,65518,128],{"class":61},[47,65520,136],{"class":98},[47,65522,62],{"class":61},[47,65524,876],{"class":65},[47,65526,128],{"class":61},[47,65528,136],{"class":98},[47,65530,62],{"class":61},[47,65532,885],{"class":65},[47,65534,128],{"class":61},[47,65536,3828],{"class":98},[47,65538,65539],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65540,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,65542,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,65544,95],{"class":94},[47,65546,99],{"class":98},[47,65548,17698],{"class":102},[47,65550,445],{"class":98},[47,65552,36041],{"class":102},[47,65554,99],{"class":98},[47,65556,128],{"class":61},[47,65558,876],{"class":65},[47,65560,128],{"class":61},[47,65562,1796],{"class":98},[20,65564,144],{},[38,65566,65567],{"className":40,"code":47439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,65568,65569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65570,65571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65572,47439],{"class":80},[20,65574,21175,65575,65578,65579,65581],{},[15,65576,65577],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65580,2321],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65583,65584,65585,445],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[594,65586,55704,65587,10934],{"href":59211},[15,65588,57475],{},[33,65590,1654,65592,839,65594],{"id":65591},"using-start-and-end",[15,65593,36266],{},[15,65595,820],{},[20,65597,65598,65599,839,65601,65603],{},"The optional ",[15,65600,36266],{},[15,65602,820],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[38,65605,65607],{"className":40,"code":65606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65608,65609,65657,65661,65686,65715],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65610,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65612,36284],{"class":53},[47,65614,58],{"class":57},[47,65616,3815],{"class":98},[47,65618,128],{"class":61},[47,65620,594],{"class":65},[47,65622,128],{"class":61},[47,65624,136],{"class":98},[47,65626,62],{"class":61},[47,65628,4957],{"class":65},[47,65630,128],{"class":61},[47,65632,136],{"class":98},[47,65634,62],{"class":61},[47,65636,9931],{"class":65},[47,65638,128],{"class":61},[47,65640,136],{"class":98},[47,65642,62],{"class":61},[47,65644,4957],{"class":65},[47,65646,128],{"class":61},[47,65648,136],{"class":98},[47,65650,62],{"class":61},[47,65652,18964],{"class":65},[47,65654,128],{"class":61},[47,65656,3828],{"class":98},[47,65658,65659],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65660,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,65662,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,65664,95],{"class":94},[47,65666,99],{"class":98},[47,65668,36337],{"class":102},[47,65670,445],{"class":98},[47,65672,36041],{"class":102},[47,65674,99],{"class":98},[47,65676,128],{"class":61},[47,65678,4957],{"class":65},[47,65680,128],{"class":61},[47,65682,5556],{"class":98},[47,65684,65685],{"class":3857},"        # first match\n",[47,65687,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,65689,95],{"class":94},[47,65691,99],{"class":98},[47,65693,36337],{"class":102},[47,65695,445],{"class":98},[47,65697,36041],{"class":102},[47,65699,99],{"class":98},[47,65701,128],{"class":61},[47,65703,4957],{"class":65},[47,65705,128],{"class":61},[47,65707,136],{"class":98},[47,65709,1562],{"class":80},[47,65711,5556],{"class":98},[47,65713,65714],{"class":3857},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[47,65716,65717,65719,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,65718,95],{"class":94},[47,65720,99],{"class":98},[47,65722,36337],{"class":102},[47,65724,445],{"class":98},[47,65726,36041],{"class":102},[47,65728,99],{"class":98},[47,65730,128],{"class":61},[47,65732,4957],{"class":65},[47,65734,128],{"class":61},[47,65736,136],{"class":98},[47,65738,1545],{"class":80},[47,65740,136],{"class":98},[47,65742,393],{"class":80},[47,65744,5556],{"class":98},[47,65746,65747],{"class":3857},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65749,144],{},[38,65751,65753],{"className":40,"code":65752,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65754,65755,65759,65763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65756,65757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65758,47104],{"class":80},[47,65760,65761],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65762,46804],{"class":80},[47,65764,65765],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,65766,47104],{"class":80},[20,65768,65769],{},"How this works:",[187,65771,65772,65784,65797],{},[190,65773,65774,65777,65778,65781,65782],{},[15,65775,65776],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65779,65780],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65783,1476],{},[190,65785,65786,65789,65790,65792,65793,65781,65795],{},[15,65787,65788],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65791,243],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65794,65780],{},[15,65796,2263],{},[190,65798,65799,65802,65803,2390,65805,17268,65807],{},[15,65800,65801],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65804,1476],{},[15,65806,243],{},[15,65808,2263],{},[20,65810,65811],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[33,65813,65815],{"id":65814},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65817,65818,65819,445],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65820,40894],{},[20,65822,204],{},[38,65824,65826],{"className":40,"code":65825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65827,65828,65860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65829,65830,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65831,7975],{"class":53},[47,65833,58],{"class":57},[47,65835,3815],{"class":98},[47,65837,128],{"class":61},[47,65839,4272],{"class":65},[47,65841,128],{"class":61},[47,65843,136],{"class":98},[47,65845,62],{"class":61},[47,65847,4281],{"class":65},[47,65849,128],{"class":61},[47,65851,136],{"class":98},[47,65853,62],{"class":61},[47,65855,4290],{"class":65},[47,65857,128],{"class":61},[47,65859,3828],{"class":98},[47,65861,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878,65880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65863,95],{"class":94},[47,65865,99],{"class":98},[47,65867,8006],{"class":102},[47,65869,445],{"class":98},[47,65871,36041],{"class":102},[47,65873,99],{"class":98},[47,65875,128],{"class":61},[47,65877,33418],{"class":65},[47,65879,128],{"class":61},[47,65881,1796],{"class":98},[20,65883,39845,65884,65887],{},[15,65885,65886],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65889,65890],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[38,65892,65894],{"className":40,"code":65893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65895,65896,65928,65941,65945,65958,65977,65983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,65897,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922,65924,65926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,65899,7975],{"class":53},[47,65901,58],{"class":57},[47,65903,3815],{"class":98},[47,65905,128],{"class":61},[47,65907,4272],{"class":65},[47,65909,128],{"class":61},[47,65911,136],{"class":98},[47,65913,62],{"class":61},[47,65915,4281],{"class":65},[47,65917,128],{"class":61},[47,65919,136],{"class":98},[47,65921,62],{"class":61},[47,65923,4290],{"class":65},[47,65925,128],{"class":61},[47,65927,3828],{"class":98},[47,65929,65930,65933,65935,65937,65939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,65931,65932],{"class":53},"search_value ",[47,65934,58],{"class":57},[47,65936,62],{"class":61},[47,65938,33418],{"class":65},[47,65940,69],{"class":61},[47,65942,65943],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,65944,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,65946,65947,65949,65952,65954,65956],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,65948,7192],{"class":1461},[47,65950,65951],{"class":53}," search_value ",[47,65953,1468],{"class":57},[47,65955,6160],{"class":53},[47,65957,6586],{"class":98},[47,65959,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65975],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,65961,1499],{"class":94},[47,65963,99],{"class":98},[47,65965,8006],{"class":102},[47,65967,445],{"class":98},[47,65969,36041],{"class":102},[47,65971,99],{"class":98},[47,65973,65974],{"class":102},"search_value",[47,65976,1796],{"class":98},[47,65978,65979,65981],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,65980,27633],{"class":1461},[47,65982,6586],{"class":98},[47,65984,65985,65987,65989,65991,65994,65996],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,65986,1499],{"class":94},[47,65988,99],{"class":98},[47,65990,128],{"class":61},[47,65992,65993],{"class":65},"Item not found",[47,65995,128],{"class":61},[47,65997,106],{"class":98},[20,65999,144],{},[38,66001,66003],{"className":40,"code":66002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Item not found\n",[15,66004,66005],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66006,66007,66010,66012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66008,66009],{"class":53},"Item ",[47,66011,4826],{"class":57},[47,66013,66014],{"class":53}," found\n",[20,66016,66017],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66019,66020,66021,445],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[594,66022,66024],{"href":66023},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[33,66026,4713],{"id":4712},[20,66028,21409,66029,420],{},[15,66030,65051],{},[187,66032,66033,66051,66063,66123],{},[190,66034,25973,66035,1270,66037,66040,66041,66043,66044,2006,66046,66048,66049,445],{},[15,66036,59152],{},[15,66038,66039],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10038,66042],{},"\nPython does ",[280,66045,4826],{},[15,66047,66039],{},". It raises ",[15,66050,40894],{},[190,66052,66053,66054,66056,66059,66060,66062],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10038,66055],{},[15,66057,66058],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66061,65459],{},", not the value itself.",[190,66064,1654,66065,11285,66068,66070,66072,66073,16851,66075,66098,16839,66100],{},[15,66066,66067],{},"index[]",[15,66069,59152],{},[10038,66071],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10038,66074],{},[38,66076,66078],{"className":40,"code":66077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66079,66080],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66081,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66083,8006],{"class":53},[47,66085,445],{"class":98},[47,66087,36041],{"class":102},[47,66089,99],{"class":98},[47,66091,128],{"class":61},[47,66093,4281],{"class":65},[47,66095,128],{"class":61},[47,66097,106],{"class":98},[10038,66099],{},[38,66101,66103],{"className":40,"code":66102,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66104,66105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66106,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66108,8006],{"class":53},[47,66110,445],{"class":98},[47,66112,36041],{"class":24948},[47,66114,4092],{"class":98},[47,66116,128],{"class":61},[47,66118,4281],{"class":65},[47,66120,128],{"class":61},[47,66122,3828],{"class":98},[190,66124,66125,66126,66128,839,66131,66133,66134],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10038,66127],{},[15,66129,66130],{},"\"3\"",[15,66132,2263],{}," are different values in Python.",[38,66135,66137],{"className":40,"code":66136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66138,66139,66159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66140,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66142,3810],{"class":53},[47,66144,58],{"class":57},[47,66146,3815],{"class":98},[47,66148,1476],{"class":80},[47,66150,136],{"class":98},[47,66152,1562],{"class":80},[47,66154,136],{"class":98},[47,66156,249],{"class":80},[47,66158,3828],{"class":98},[47,66160,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66162,95],{"class":94},[47,66164,99],{"class":98},[47,66166,128],{"class":61},[47,66168,2263],{"class":65},[47,66170,128],{"class":61},[47,66172,21371],{"class":1461},[47,66174,4457],{"class":102},[47,66176,3854],{"class":98},[47,66178,4968],{"class":3857},[20,66180,66181],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[38,66183,66185],{"className":40,"code":66184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66186,66187,66197,66211,66225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66188,66189,66191,66193,66195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66190,95],{"class":94},[47,66192,99],{"class":98},[47,66194,8533],{"class":102},[47,66196,106],{"class":98},[47,66198,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66200,95],{"class":94},[47,66202,99],{"class":98},[47,66204,1922],{"class":1788},[47,66206,99],{"class":98},[47,66208,65974],{"class":102},[47,66210,1796],{"class":98},[47,66212,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,66214,95],{"class":94},[47,66216,99],{"class":98},[47,66218,65932],{"class":102},[47,66220,1468],{"class":1461},[47,66222,8589],{"class":102},[47,66224,106],{"class":98},[47,66226,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,66228,95],{"class":94},[47,66230,99],{"class":98},[47,66232,8533],{"class":102},[47,66234,445],{"class":98},[47,66236,36041],{"class":102},[47,66238,99],{"class":98},[47,66240,65974],{"class":102},[47,66242,1796],{"class":98},[20,66244,66245],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66247,66248],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[187,66250,66251,66254,66261,66267],{},[190,66252,66253],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[190,66255,66256,66257,11285,66259],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66258,66130],{},[15,66260,2263],{},[190,66262,66263,66264,66266],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66265,59152],{}," returns only the first one",[190,66268,66269],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[33,66271,5158,66273],{"id":66272},"when-to-use-index",[15,66274,59152],{},[20,66276,167,66277,10794],{},[15,66278,59152],{},[187,66280,66281,66284,66287],{},[190,66282,66283],{},"You need the position of a known value",[190,66285,66286],{},"You are working with a small list",[190,66288,66289],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66291,66292],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[33,66294,1969],{"id":1968},[447,66296,5339,66298,5342],{"id":66297},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66299,65051],{},[20,66301,66302],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[447,66304,1973,66306,2006,66308,66310],{"id":66305},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66307,65051],{},[15,66309,66039],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66312,66313,66314,6825],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66315,40894],{},[447,66317,1989,66319,66321],{"id":66318},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66320,65051],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66323,66324],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[447,66326,66328,66329,2009],{"id":66327},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66330,59152],{},[20,66332,66333,66334,839,66336,66338],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66335,36266],{},[15,66337,820],{}," arguments.",[33,66340,2075],{"id":2074},[187,66342,66343,66347,66351,66355],{},[190,66344,66345],{},[594,66346,59140],{"href":65480},[190,66348,66349],{},[594,66350,52956],{"href":54754},[190,66352,66353],{},[594,66354,66024],{"href":66023},[190,66356,66357],{},[594,66358,55704,66359,10934],{"href":59211},[15,66360,57475],{},[2110,66362,66363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":66365},[66366,66367,66369,66370,66371,66372,66373,66375,66376,66377,66379,66389],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":65148,"depth":72,"text":66368},"What list.index() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":38211,"depth":72,"text":38212},{"id":65355,"depth":72,"text":65356},{"id":65484,"depth":72,"text":65485},{"id":65591,"depth":72,"text":66374},"Using start and end",{"id":65814,"depth":72,"text":65815},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713},{"id":66272,"depth":72,"text":66378},"When to use index()",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":66380},[66381,66383,66385,66387],{"id":66297,"depth":84,"text":66382},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66305,"depth":84,"text":66384},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66318,"depth":84,"text":66386},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66327,"depth":84,"text":66388},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65039,"description":66390},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66397,"title":66398,"body":66399,"description":68341,"extension":2167,"meta":68342,"navigation":87,"path":68343,"seo":68344,"stem":68345,"__hash__":68346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66400,"toc":68301},[66401,66406,66411,66414,66423,66480,66486,66491,66495,66509,66515,66517,66540,66557,66559,66620,66622,66654,66667,66669,66672,66772,66774,66852,66858,66862,66870,66874,66880,66935,66937,66961,66965,66968,67021,67023,67047,67051,67054,67107,67109,67133,67137,67143,67214,67216,67257,67263,67270,67273,67278,67286,67291,67299,67301,67398,67400,67469,67476,67481,67483,67487,67492,67494,67565,67567,67596,67602,67604,67631,67634,67657,67661,67664,67686,67689,67712,67714,67774,67776,67808,67814,67819,67872,67874,67899,67902,67951,67953,67974,67978,67983,67986,68041,68043,68070,68077,68081,68086,68157,68160,68174,68179,68184,68186,68200,68212,68217,68219,68224,68229,68233,68236,68242,68248,68255,68263,68265,68298],[10,66402,54526,66404,11516],{"id":66403},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66405,54452],{},[20,66407,66408,66410],{},[15,66409,54096],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66412,66413],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66415,167,66416,66418,66419,445],{},[15,66417,54452],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[594,66420,55704,66421,10934],{"href":56953},[15,66422,52838],{},[38,66424,66426],{"className":40,"code":66425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66427,66428,66448,66466,66476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66429,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66431,3810],{"class":53},[47,66433,58],{"class":57},[47,66435,3815],{"class":98},[47,66437,1476],{"class":80},[47,66439,136],{"class":98},[47,66441,1562],{"class":80},[47,66443,136],{"class":98},[47,66445,393],{"class":80},[47,66447,3828],{"class":98},[47,66449,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66451,195],{"class":53},[47,66453,445],{"class":98},[47,66455,54136],{"class":102},[47,66457,99],{"class":98},[47,66459,243],{"class":80},[47,66461,136],{"class":98},[47,66463,249],{"class":80},[47,66465,106],{"class":98},[47,66467,66468,66470,66472,66474],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,66469,95],{"class":94},[47,66471,99],{"class":98},[47,66473,195],{"class":102},[47,66475,106],{"class":98},[47,66477,66478],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,66479,52908],{"class":3857},[20,66481,167,66482,66485],{},[15,66483,66484],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[33,66487,174,66489,177],{"id":66488},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66490,54096],{},[20,66492,66493,420],{},[15,66494,54096],{},[187,66496,66497,66500,66503,66505],{},[190,66498,66499],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[190,66501,66502],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[190,66504,54612],{},[190,66506,11618,66507],{},[15,66508,285],{},[20,66510,66511,66512,66514],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66513,54452],{}," does not create a new list.",[33,66516,5626],{"id":5625},[38,66518,66520],{"className":40,"code":66519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66521,66522],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66523,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66525,8533],{"class":53},[47,66527,445],{"class":98},[47,66529,54136],{"class":102},[47,66531,99],{"class":98},[47,66533,36041],{"class":102},[47,66535,136],{"class":98},[47,66537,29706],{"class":102},[47,66539,106],{"class":98},[187,66541,66542,66547,66552],{},[190,66543,66544,66546],{},[15,66545,36041],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[190,66548,66549,66551],{},[15,66550,23508],{}," is the value to add",[190,66553,66554,66555],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66556,2321],{},[20,66558,204],{},[38,66560,66562],{"className":40,"code":66561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66563,66564,66588,66610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66565,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66567,36284],{"class":53},[47,66569,58],{"class":57},[47,66571,3815],{"class":98},[47,66573,128],{"class":61},[47,66575,594],{"class":65},[47,66577,128],{"class":61},[47,66579,136],{"class":98},[47,66581,62],{"class":61},[47,66583,9931],{"class":65},[47,66585,128],{"class":61},[47,66587,3828],{"class":98},[47,66589,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66591,36337],{"class":53},[47,66593,445],{"class":98},[47,66595,54136],{"class":102},[47,66597,99],{"class":98},[47,66599,1476],{"class":80},[47,66601,136],{"class":98},[47,66603,62],{"class":61},[47,66605,4957],{"class":65},[47,66607,128],{"class":61},[47,66609,106],{"class":98},[47,66611,66612,66614,66616,66618],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,66613,95],{"class":94},[47,66615,99],{"class":98},[47,66617,36337],{"class":102},[47,66619,106],{"class":98},[20,66621,144],{},[38,66623,66624],{"className":40,"code":43065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66625,66626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66627,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66629,4092],{"class":98},[47,66631,3493],{"class":61},[47,66633,594],{"class":65},[47,66635,3493],{"class":61},[47,66637,136],{"class":98},[47,66639,3488],{"class":61},[47,66641,4957],{"class":65},[47,66643,3493],{"class":61},[47,66645,136],{"class":98},[47,66647,3488],{"class":61},[47,66649,9931],{"class":65},[47,66651,3493],{"class":61},[47,66653,3828],{"class":98},[20,66655,20968,66656,66658,66659,66661,66662,839,66664,445],{},[15,66657,65780],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66660,1476],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66663,18292],{},[15,66665,66666],{},"\"c\"",[33,66668,5982],{"id":5981},[20,66670,66671],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[38,66673,66675],{"className":40,"code":66674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66676,66677,66709,66727,66731,66753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66678,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66680,13271],{"class":53},[47,66682,58],{"class":57},[47,66684,3815],{"class":98},[47,66686,128],{"class":61},[47,66688,876],{"class":65},[47,66690,128],{"class":61},[47,66692,136],{"class":98},[47,66694,62],{"class":61},[47,66696,894],{"class":65},[47,66698,128],{"class":61},[47,66700,136],{"class":98},[47,66702,62],{"class":61},[47,66704,885],{"class":65},[47,66706,128],{"class":61},[47,66708,3828],{"class":98},[47,66710,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66712,95],{"class":94},[47,66714,99],{"class":98},[47,66716,128],{"class":61},[47,66718,11759],{"class":65},[47,66720,128],{"class":61},[47,66722,136],{"class":98},[47,66724,13317],{"class":102},[47,66726,106],{"class":98},[47,66728,66729],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,66730,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,66732,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,66734,17698],{"class":53},[47,66736,445],{"class":98},[47,66738,54136],{"class":102},[47,66740,99],{"class":98},[47,66742,1476],{"class":80},[47,66744,136],{"class":98},[47,66746,62],{"class":61},[47,66748,22721],{"class":65},[47,66750,128],{"class":61},[47,66752,106],{"class":98},[47,66754,66755,66757,66759,66761,66764,66766,66768,66770],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,66756,95],{"class":94},[47,66758,99],{"class":98},[47,66760,128],{"class":61},[47,66762,66763],{"class":65},"After: ",[47,66765,128],{"class":61},[47,66767,136],{"class":98},[47,66769,13317],{"class":102},[47,66771,106],{"class":98},[20,66773,144],{},[38,66775,66777],{"className":40,"code":66776,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66778,66779,66811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66780,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66782,11819],{"class":53},[47,66784,420],{"class":98},[47,66786,3815],{"class":98},[47,66788,3493],{"class":61},[47,66790,876],{"class":65},[47,66792,3493],{"class":61},[47,66794,136],{"class":98},[47,66796,3488],{"class":61},[47,66798,894],{"class":65},[47,66800,3493],{"class":61},[47,66802,136],{"class":98},[47,66804,3488],{"class":61},[47,66806,885],{"class":65},[47,66808,3493],{"class":61},[47,66810,3828],{"class":98},[47,66812,66813,66815,66817,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828,66830,66832,66834,66836,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66814,11872],{"class":53},[47,66816,420],{"class":98},[47,66818,66819],{"class":98},"  [",[47,66821,3493],{"class":61},[47,66823,876],{"class":65},[47,66825,3493],{"class":61},[47,66827,136],{"class":98},[47,66829,3488],{"class":61},[47,66831,22721],{"class":65},[47,66833,3493],{"class":61},[47,66835,136],{"class":98},[47,66837,3488],{"class":61},[47,66839,894],{"class":65},[47,66841,3493],{"class":61},[47,66843,136],{"class":98},[47,66845,3488],{"class":61},[47,66847,885],{"class":65},[47,66849,3493],{"class":61},[47,66851,3828],{"class":98},[20,66853,66854,66855,66857],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66856,1476],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[33,66859,66861],{"id":66860},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66863,850,66864,1817,66866,66869],{},[15,66865,36041],{},[15,66867,66868],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[447,66871,66873],{"id":66872},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66875,66876,66877,66879],{},"Use index ",[15,66878,2321],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[38,66881,66883],{"className":40,"code":66882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66884,66885,66906,66925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66886,66887,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66888,66889],{"class":53},"nums ",[47,66891,58],{"class":57},[47,66893,3815],{"class":98},[47,66895,243],{"class":80},[47,66897,136],{"class":98},[47,66899,249],{"class":80},[47,66901,136],{"class":98},[47,66903,393],{"class":80},[47,66905,3828],{"class":98},[47,66907,66908,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66909,66910],{"class":53},"nums",[47,66912,445],{"class":98},[47,66914,54136],{"class":102},[47,66916,99],{"class":98},[47,66918,2321],{"class":80},[47,66920,136],{"class":98},[47,66922,1545],{"class":80},[47,66924,106],{"class":98},[47,66926,66927,66929,66931,66933],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,66928,95],{"class":94},[47,66930,99],{"class":98},[47,66932,66910],{"class":102},[47,66934,106],{"class":98},[20,66936,144],{},[38,66938,66939],{"className":40,"code":53690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,66940,66941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66942,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66944,4092],{"class":98},[47,66946,1476],{"class":80},[47,66948,136],{"class":98},[47,66950,1562],{"class":80},[47,66952,136],{"class":98},[47,66954,249],{"class":80},[47,66956,136],{"class":98},[47,66958,393],{"class":80},[47,66960,3828],{"class":98},[447,66962,66964],{"id":66963},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66966,66967],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[38,66969,66971],{"className":40,"code":66970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66972,66973,66993,67011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,66974,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,66976,66889],{"class":53},[47,66978,58],{"class":57},[47,66980,3815],{"class":98},[47,66982,1476],{"class":80},[47,66984,136],{"class":98},[47,66986,1562],{"class":80},[47,66988,136],{"class":98},[47,66990,393],{"class":80},[47,66992,3828],{"class":98},[47,66994,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,66996,66910],{"class":53},[47,66998,445],{"class":98},[47,67000,54136],{"class":102},[47,67002,99],{"class":98},[47,67004,243],{"class":80},[47,67006,136],{"class":98},[47,67008,249],{"class":80},[47,67010,106],{"class":98},[47,67012,67013,67015,67017,67019],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67014,95],{"class":94},[47,67016,99],{"class":98},[47,67018,66910],{"class":102},[47,67020,106],{"class":98},[20,67022,144],{},[38,67024,67025],{"className":40,"code":53690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67026,67027],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67028,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67030,4092],{"class":98},[47,67032,1476],{"class":80},[47,67034,136],{"class":98},[47,67036,1562],{"class":80},[47,67038,136],{"class":98},[47,67040,249],{"class":80},[47,67042,136],{"class":98},[47,67044,393],{"class":80},[47,67046,3828],{"class":98},[447,67048,67050],{"id":67049},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67052,67053],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[38,67055,67057],{"className":40,"code":67056,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67058,67059,67079,67097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67062,66889],{"class":53},[47,67064,58],{"class":57},[47,67066,3815],{"class":98},[47,67068,1476],{"class":80},[47,67070,136],{"class":98},[47,67072,1562],{"class":80},[47,67074,136],{"class":98},[47,67076,249],{"class":80},[47,67078,3828],{"class":98},[47,67080,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67082,66910],{"class":53},[47,67084,445],{"class":98},[47,67086,54136],{"class":102},[47,67088,99],{"class":98},[47,67090,582],{"class":80},[47,67092,136],{"class":98},[47,67094,393],{"class":80},[47,67096,106],{"class":98},[47,67098,67099,67101,67103,67105],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67100,95],{"class":94},[47,67102,99],{"class":98},[47,67104,66910],{"class":102},[47,67106,106],{"class":98},[20,67108,144],{},[38,67110,67111],{"className":40,"code":53690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67112,67113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67114,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67116,4092],{"class":98},[47,67118,1476],{"class":80},[47,67120,136],{"class":98},[47,67122,1562],{"class":80},[47,67124,136],{"class":98},[47,67126,249],{"class":80},[47,67128,136],{"class":98},[47,67130,393],{"class":80},[47,67132,3828],{"class":98},[447,67134,67136],{"id":67135},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67138,67139,67140,67142],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67141,54452],{}," places the item before that position.",[38,67144,67146],{"className":40,"code":67145,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67147,67148,67180,67204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67149,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176,67178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67151,36284],{"class":53},[47,67153,58],{"class":57},[47,67155,3815],{"class":98},[47,67157,128],{"class":61},[47,67159,594],{"class":65},[47,67161,128],{"class":61},[47,67163,136],{"class":98},[47,67165,62],{"class":61},[47,67167,4957],{"class":65},[47,67169,128],{"class":61},[47,67171,136],{"class":98},[47,67173,62],{"class":61},[47,67175,18964],{"class":65},[47,67177,128],{"class":61},[47,67179,3828],{"class":98},[47,67181,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67183,36337],{"class":53},[47,67185,445],{"class":98},[47,67187,54136],{"class":102},[47,67189,99],{"class":98},[47,67191,1033],{"class":57},[47,67193,1476],{"class":80},[47,67195,136],{"class":98},[47,67197,62],{"class":61},[47,67199,9931],{"class":65},[47,67201,128],{"class":61},[47,67203,106],{"class":98},[47,67205,67206,67208,67210,67212],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67207,95],{"class":94},[47,67209,99],{"class":98},[47,67211,36337],{"class":102},[47,67213,106],{"class":98},[20,67215,144],{},[38,67217,67219],{"className":40,"code":67218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67220,67221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67222,67223,67225,67227,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67224,4092],{"class":98},[47,67226,3493],{"class":61},[47,67228,594],{"class":65},[47,67230,3493],{"class":61},[47,67232,136],{"class":98},[47,67234,3488],{"class":61},[47,67236,4957],{"class":65},[47,67238,3493],{"class":61},[47,67240,136],{"class":98},[47,67242,3488],{"class":61},[47,67244,9931],{"class":65},[47,67246,3493],{"class":61},[47,67248,136],{"class":98},[47,67250,3488],{"class":61},[47,67252,18964],{"class":65},[47,67254,3493],{"class":61},[47,67256,3828],{"class":98},[20,67258,67259,67260,2502],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[594,67261,67262],{"href":51164},"Python lists beginner guide",[33,67264,67266,10778,67268],{"id":67265},"insert-vs-append",[15,67267,54452],{},[15,67269,52838],{},[20,67271,67272],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[447,67274,167,67276,10794],{"id":67275},"use-insert-when",[15,67277,54452],{},[187,67279,67280,67283],{},[190,67281,67282],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[190,67284,67285],{},"The order of the list matters",[447,67287,167,67289,10794],{"id":67288},"use-append-when",[15,67290,52838],{},[187,67292,67293,67296],{},[190,67294,67295],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[190,67297,67298],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67300,204],{},[38,67302,67304],{"className":40,"code":67303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67305,67306,67330,67334,67356,67366,67370,67388],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67307,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67309,7975],{"class":53},[47,67311,58],{"class":57},[47,67313,3815],{"class":98},[47,67315,128],{"class":61},[47,67317,4272],{"class":65},[47,67319,128],{"class":61},[47,67321,136],{"class":98},[47,67323,62],{"class":61},[47,67325,33418],{"class":65},[47,67327,128],{"class":61},[47,67329,3828],{"class":98},[47,67331,67332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67333,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,67335,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67337,8006],{"class":53},[47,67339,445],{"class":98},[47,67341,54136],{"class":102},[47,67343,99],{"class":98},[47,67345,1476],{"class":80},[47,67347,136],{"class":98},[47,67349,62],{"class":61},[47,67351,4281],{"class":65},[47,67353,128],{"class":61},[47,67355,106],{"class":98},[47,67357,67358,67360,67362,67364],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,67359,95],{"class":94},[47,67361,99],{"class":98},[47,67363,8006],{"class":102},[47,67365,106],{"class":98},[47,67367,67368],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,67369,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,67371,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,67373,8006],{"class":53},[47,67375,445],{"class":98},[47,67377,13747],{"class":102},[47,67379,99],{"class":98},[47,67381,128],{"class":61},[47,67383,22730],{"class":65},[47,67385,128],{"class":61},[47,67387,106],{"class":98},[47,67389,67390,67392,67394,67396],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,67391,95],{"class":94},[47,67393,99],{"class":98},[47,67395,8006],{"class":102},[47,67397,106],{"class":98},[20,67399,144],{},[38,67401,67403],{"className":40,"code":67402,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67404,67405,67433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67406,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67408,4092],{"class":98},[47,67410,3493],{"class":61},[47,67412,4272],{"class":65},[47,67414,3493],{"class":61},[47,67416,136],{"class":98},[47,67418,3488],{"class":61},[47,67420,4281],{"class":65},[47,67422,3493],{"class":61},[47,67424,136],{"class":98},[47,67426,3488],{"class":61},[47,67428,33418],{"class":65},[47,67430,3493],{"class":61},[47,67432,3828],{"class":98},[47,67434,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465,67467],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67436,4092],{"class":98},[47,67438,3493],{"class":61},[47,67440,4272],{"class":65},[47,67442,3493],{"class":61},[47,67444,136],{"class":98},[47,67446,3488],{"class":61},[47,67448,4281],{"class":65},[47,67450,3493],{"class":61},[47,67452,136],{"class":98},[47,67454,3488],{"class":61},[47,67456,33418],{"class":65},[47,67458,3493],{"class":61},[47,67460,136],{"class":98},[47,67462,3488],{"class":61},[47,67464,22730],{"class":65},[47,67466,3493],{"class":61},[47,67468,3828],{"class":98},[20,67470,67471,67472,445],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[594,67473,55704,67474,10934],{"href":56953},[15,67475,52838],{},[20,67477,67478,67479,445],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[594,67480,53234],{"href":53233},[33,67482,4713],{"id":4712},[20,67484,14927,67485,445],{},[15,67486,54452],{},[447,67488,12789,67490],{"id":67489},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67491,54452],{},[20,67493,25889],{},[38,67495,67497],{"className":40,"code":67496,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67498,67499,67519,67541,67545,67555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67500,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67502,3810],{"class":53},[47,67504,58],{"class":57},[47,67506,3815],{"class":98},[47,67508,1476],{"class":80},[47,67510,136],{"class":98},[47,67512,1562],{"class":80},[47,67514,136],{"class":98},[47,67516,249],{"class":80},[47,67518,3828],{"class":98},[47,67520,67521,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67522,1290],{"class":53},[47,67524,58],{"class":57},[47,67526,4457],{"class":53},[47,67528,445],{"class":98},[47,67530,54136],{"class":102},[47,67532,99],{"class":98},[47,67534,1476],{"class":80},[47,67536,136],{"class":98},[47,67538,10389],{"class":80},[47,67540,106],{"class":98},[47,67542,67543],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67544,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,67546,67547,67549,67551,67553],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,67548,95],{"class":94},[47,67550,99],{"class":98},[47,67552,1315],{"class":102},[47,67554,106],{"class":98},[47,67556,67557,67559,67561,67563],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,67558,95],{"class":94},[47,67560,99],{"class":98},[47,67562,195],{"class":102},[47,67564,106],{"class":98},[20,67566,144],{},[38,67568,67570],{"className":40,"code":67569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67571,67572,67576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67573,67574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67575,1335],{"class":1334},[47,67577,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67579,4092],{"class":98},[47,67581,1476],{"class":80},[47,67583,136],{"class":98},[47,67585,10389],{"class":80},[47,67587,136],{"class":98},[47,67589,1562],{"class":80},[47,67591,136],{"class":98},[47,67593,249],{"class":80},[47,67595,3828],{"class":98},[20,67597,67598,54337,67600,445],{},[15,67599,54452],{},[15,67601,285],{},[20,67603,16839],{},[38,67605,67607],{"className":40,"code":67606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67608,67609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67610,67611,67613,67615,67617,67619,67621,67623,67625,67627,67629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67612,56074],{"class":53},[47,67614,58],{"class":57},[47,67616,4457],{"class":53},[47,67618,445],{"class":98},[47,67620,54136],{"class":102},[47,67622,99],{"class":98},[47,67624,1476],{"class":80},[47,67626,136],{"class":98},[47,67628,10389],{"class":80},[47,67630,106],{"class":98},[20,67632,67633],{},"Right:",[38,67635,67637],{"className":40,"code":67636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67638,67639],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67640,67641,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67642,195],{"class":53},[47,67644,445],{"class":98},[47,67646,54136],{"class":102},[47,67648,99],{"class":98},[47,67650,1476],{"class":80},[47,67652,136],{"class":98},[47,67654,10389],{"class":80},[47,67656,106],{"class":98},[447,67658,67660],{"id":67659},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67662,67663],{},"The correct order is:",[38,67665,67666],{"className":40,"code":66519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67667,67668],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67669,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67671,8533],{"class":53},[47,67673,445],{"class":98},[47,67675,54136],{"class":102},[47,67677,99],{"class":98},[47,67679,36041],{"class":102},[47,67681,136],{"class":98},[47,67683,29706],{"class":102},[47,67685,106],{"class":98},[20,67687,67688],{},"Not:",[38,67690,67692],{"className":40,"code":67691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67693,67694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67695,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67697,8533],{"class":53},[47,67699,445],{"class":98},[47,67701,54136],{"class":102},[47,67703,99],{"class":98},[47,67705,23508],{"class":102},[47,67707,136],{"class":98},[47,67709,36016],{"class":102},[47,67711,106],{"class":98},[20,67713,204],{},[38,67715,67716],{"className":40,"code":66561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67717,67718,67742,67764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67719,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67721,36284],{"class":53},[47,67723,58],{"class":57},[47,67725,3815],{"class":98},[47,67727,128],{"class":61},[47,67729,594],{"class":65},[47,67731,128],{"class":61},[47,67733,136],{"class":98},[47,67735,62],{"class":61},[47,67737,9931],{"class":65},[47,67739,128],{"class":61},[47,67741,3828],{"class":98},[47,67743,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67745,36337],{"class":53},[47,67747,445],{"class":98},[47,67749,54136],{"class":102},[47,67751,99],{"class":98},[47,67753,1476],{"class":80},[47,67755,136],{"class":98},[47,67757,62],{"class":61},[47,67759,4957],{"class":65},[47,67761,128],{"class":61},[47,67763,106],{"class":98},[47,67765,67766,67768,67770,67772],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67767,95],{"class":94},[47,67769,99],{"class":98},[47,67771,36337],{"class":102},[47,67773,106],{"class":98},[20,67775,144],{},[38,67777,67778],{"className":40,"code":43065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,67779,67780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67781,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67783,4092],{"class":98},[47,67785,3493],{"class":61},[47,67787,594],{"class":65},[47,67789,3493],{"class":61},[47,67791,136],{"class":98},[47,67793,3488],{"class":61},[47,67795,4957],{"class":65},[47,67797,3493],{"class":61},[47,67799,136],{"class":98},[47,67801,3488],{"class":61},[47,67803,9931],{"class":65},[47,67805,3493],{"class":61},[47,67807,3828],{"class":98},[447,67809,1807,67811,67813],{"id":67810},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67812,54452],{}," to replace an item",[20,67815,67816,67818],{},[15,67817,54452],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[38,67820,67822],{"className":40,"code":67821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67823,67824,67844,67862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67825,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67827,3810],{"class":53},[47,67829,58],{"class":57},[47,67831,3815],{"class":98},[47,67833,1476],{"class":80},[47,67835,136],{"class":98},[47,67837,1562],{"class":80},[47,67839,136],{"class":98},[47,67841,249],{"class":80},[47,67843,3828],{"class":98},[47,67845,67846,67848,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67847,195],{"class":53},[47,67849,445],{"class":98},[47,67851,54136],{"class":102},[47,67853,99],{"class":98},[47,67855,1476],{"class":80},[47,67857,136],{"class":98},[47,67859,10389],{"class":80},[47,67861,106],{"class":98},[47,67863,67864,67866,67868,67870],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67865,95],{"class":94},[47,67867,99],{"class":98},[47,67869,195],{"class":102},[47,67871,106],{"class":98},[20,67873,144],{},[38,67875,67877],{"className":40,"code":67876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67878,67879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67880,67881,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895,67897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67882,4092],{"class":98},[47,67884,1476],{"class":80},[47,67886,136],{"class":98},[47,67888,10389],{"class":80},[47,67890,136],{"class":98},[47,67892,1562],{"class":80},[47,67894,136],{"class":98},[47,67896,249],{"class":80},[47,67898,3828],{"class":98},[20,67900,67901],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[38,67903,67905],{"className":40,"code":67904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67906,67907,67927,67941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67908,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921,67923,67925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67910,3810],{"class":53},[47,67912,58],{"class":57},[47,67914,3815],{"class":98},[47,67916,1476],{"class":80},[47,67918,136],{"class":98},[47,67920,1562],{"class":80},[47,67922,136],{"class":98},[47,67924,249],{"class":80},[47,67926,3828],{"class":98},[47,67928,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,67930,195],{"class":53},[47,67932,4092],{"class":98},[47,67934,1476],{"class":80},[47,67936,13467],{"class":98},[47,67938,13470],{"class":57},[47,67940,539],{"class":80},[47,67942,67943,67945,67947,67949],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,67944,95],{"class":94},[47,67946,99],{"class":98},[47,67948,195],{"class":102},[47,67950,106],{"class":98},[20,67952,144],{},[38,67954,67956],{"className":40,"code":67955,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67957,67958],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67959,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970,67972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67961,4092],{"class":98},[47,67963,1476],{"class":80},[47,67965,136],{"class":98},[47,67967,10389],{"class":80},[47,67969,136],{"class":98},[47,67971,249],{"class":80},[47,67973,3828],{"class":98},[447,67975,67977],{"id":67976},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67979,67980,67982],{},[15,67981,54452],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67984,67985],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[38,67987,67989],{"className":40,"code":67988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67990,67991,68007,68031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,67992,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003,68005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,67994,3810],{"class":53},[47,67996,58],{"class":57},[47,67998,3815],{"class":98},[47,68000,1476],{"class":80},[47,68002,136],{"class":98},[47,68004,393],{"class":80},[47,68006,3828],{"class":98},[47,68008,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021,68023,68025,68027,68029],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68010,195],{"class":53},[47,68012,445],{"class":98},[47,68014,54136],{"class":102},[47,68016,99],{"class":98},[47,68018,1476],{"class":80},[47,68020,136],{"class":98},[47,68022,3815],{"class":98},[47,68024,243],{"class":80},[47,68026,136],{"class":98},[47,68028,249],{"class":80},[47,68030,4080],{"class":98},[47,68032,68033,68035,68037,68039],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,68034,95],{"class":94},[47,68036,99],{"class":98},[47,68038,195],{"class":102},[47,68040,106],{"class":98},[20,68042,144],{},[38,68044,68046],{"className":40,"code":68045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68047,68048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68049,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68051,4092],{"class":98},[47,68053,1476],{"class":80},[47,68055,136],{"class":98},[47,68057,3815],{"class":98},[47,68059,243],{"class":80},[47,68061,136],{"class":98},[47,68063,249],{"class":80},[47,68065,18258],{"class":98},[47,68067,393],{"class":80},[47,68069,3828],{"class":98},[20,68071,68072,68073,445],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[594,68074,55704,68075,10934],{"href":53529},[15,68076,53631],{},[447,68078,68080],{"id":68079},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68082,1625,68083,68085],{},[15,68084,54452],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[38,68087,68089],{"className":40,"code":68088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68090,68091,68101,68115,68133,68147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68092,68093,68095,68097,68099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68094,95],{"class":94},[47,68096,99],{"class":98},[47,68098,8533],{"class":102},[47,68100,106],{"class":98},[47,68102,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68104,95],{"class":94},[47,68106,99],{"class":98},[47,68108,11355],{"class":94},[47,68110,99],{"class":98},[47,68112,8533],{"class":102},[47,68114,1796],{"class":98},[47,68116,68117,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127,68129,68131],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,68118,95],{"class":94},[47,68120,99],{"class":98},[47,68122,8533],{"class":102},[47,68124,445],{"class":98},[47,68126,54136],{"class":24948},[47,68128,445],{"class":98},[47,68130,34644],{"class":1213},[47,68132,106],{"class":98},[47,68134,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,68136,1934],{"class":94},[47,68138,99],{"class":98},[47,68140,8288],{"class":1788},[47,68142,445],{"class":98},[47,68144,54136],{"class":24948},[47,68146,106],{"class":98},[47,68148,68149,68151,68153,68155],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,68150,1922],{"class":1788},[47,68152,99],{"class":98},[47,68154,8533],{"class":102},[47,68156,106],{"class":98},[20,68158,68159],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[187,68161,68162,68165,68168,68171],{},[190,68163,68164],{},"What is currently in the list",[190,68166,68167],{},"How long the list is",[190,68169,68170],{},"That you are working with a real list",[190,68172,68173],{},"How Python describes the method",[33,68175,5158,68177],{"id":68176},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68178,54452],{},[20,68180,167,68181,68183],{},[15,68182,54452],{}," when position matters.",[20,68185,36620],{},[187,68187,68188,68191,68194,68197],{},[190,68189,68190],{},"Ordered menus",[190,68192,68193],{},"Rankings or score lists",[190,68195,68196],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[190,68198,68199],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68201,68202,68203,68205,68206,68208,68209,68211],{},"You usually do ",[280,68204,4826],{}," need ",[15,68207,54452],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68210,52838],{}," is simpler.",[20,68213,68214,68215,445],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[594,68216,57339],{"href":57338},[33,68218,1969],{"id":1968},[447,68220,1973,68222,55653],{"id":68221},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68223,54096],{},[20,68225,68226,68227,445],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68228,285],{},[447,68230,68232],{"id":68231},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68234,68235],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[447,68237,1989,68239,68241],{"id":68238},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68240,54096],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68243,68244,68245,68247],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68246,53631],{}," or slicing.",[447,68249,2055,68251,839,68253,2009],{"id":68250},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68252,54452],{},[15,68254,52838],{},[20,68256,68257,68259,68260,68262],{},[15,68258,54452],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68261,52838],{}," adds only at the end.",[33,68264,2075],{"id":2074},[187,68266,68267,68273,68279,68283,68287,68291],{},[190,68268,68269],{},[594,68270,55704,68271,10934],{"href":56953},[15,68272,52838],{},[190,68274,68275],{},[594,68276,55704,68277,10934],{"href":53529},[15,68278,53631],{},[190,68280,68281],{},[594,68282,54462],{"href":53233},[190,68284,68285],{},[594,68286,52956],{"href":51164},[190,68288,68289],{},[594,68290,57413],{"href":57338},[190,68292,68293],{},[594,68294,30546,68295,33831],{"href":54480},[15,68296,68297],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2110,68299,68300],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":68302},[68303,68305,68306,68307,68313,68320,68329,68331,68340],{"id":66488,"depth":72,"text":68304},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5625,"depth":72,"text":5626},{"id":5981,"depth":72,"text":5982},{"id":66860,"depth":72,"text":66861,"children":68308},[68309,68310,68311,68312],{"id":66872,"depth":84,"text":66873},{"id":66963,"depth":84,"text":66964},{"id":67049,"depth":84,"text":67050},{"id":67135,"depth":84,"text":67136},{"id":67265,"depth":72,"text":68314,"children":68315},"insert() vs append()",[68316,68318],{"id":67275,"depth":84,"text":68317},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67288,"depth":84,"text":68319},"Use append() when:",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":68321},[68322,68324,68325,68327,68328],{"id":67489,"depth":84,"text":68323},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67659,"depth":84,"text":67660},{"id":67810,"depth":84,"text":68326},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67976,"depth":84,"text":67977},{"id":68079,"depth":84,"text":68080},{"id":68176,"depth":72,"text":68330},"When to use insert()",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":68332},[68333,68335,68336,68338],{"id":68221,"depth":84,"text":68334},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68231,"depth":84,"text":68232},{"id":68238,"depth":84,"text":68337},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68250,"depth":84,"text":68339},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66398,"description":68341},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68348,"title":68349,"body":68350,"description":69905,"extension":2167,"meta":69906,"navigation":87,"path":59157,"seo":69907,"stem":69908,"__hash__":69909},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68351,"toc":69878},[68352,68358,68367,68416,68418,68426,68432,68434,68452,68458,68463,68466,68469,68484,68486,68538,68540,68548,68556,68563,68565,68571,68636,68638,68646,68648,68667,68670,68721,68725,68730,68757,68759,68767,68770,68839,68841,68856,68862,68866,68875,68878,68933,68935,68943,68946,68948,68993,68995,69003,69009,69011,69019,69022,69024,69063,69065,69104,69109,69111,69113,69148,69151,69153,69191,69195,69201,69203,69254,69256,69264,69271,69274,69295,69298,69353,69364,69366,69427,69429,69438,69445,69451,69454,69457,69514,69517,69530,69537,69543,69549,69551,69564,69567,69664,69666,69683,69686,69768,69770,69792,69799,69805,69807,69811,69817,69823,69828,69832,69835,69841,69848,69850,69875],[10,68353,68355,68356,3854],{"id":68354},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68357,11355],{},[20,68359,68360,68361,68363,68364,68366],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68362,42550],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68365,42550],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[38,68368,68370],{"className":40,"code":68369,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68371,68372,68392,68406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68373,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68375,3810],{"class":53},[47,68377,58],{"class":57},[47,68379,3815],{"class":98},[47,68381,582],{"class":80},[47,68383,136],{"class":98},[47,68385,7986],{"class":80},[47,68387,136],{"class":98},[47,68389,7991],{"class":80},[47,68391,3828],{"class":98},[47,68393,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68395,41431],{"class":53},[47,68397,58],{"class":57},[47,68399,38578],{"class":94},[47,68401,99],{"class":98},[47,68403,195],{"class":102},[47,68405,106],{"class":98},[47,68407,68408,68410,68412,68414],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,68409,95],{"class":94},[47,68411,99],{"class":98},[47,68413,41449],{"class":102},[47,68415,106],{"class":98},[20,68417,144],{},[38,68419,68420],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68421,68422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68423,68424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68425,46804],{"class":80},[20,68427,167,68428,68431],{},[15,68429,68430],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[33,68433,15357],{"id":15356},[187,68435,68436,68441,68446,68449],{},[190,68437,4392,68438,68440],{},[15,68439,42550],{}," works with Python lists",[190,68442,68443,68444,11901],{},"What value ",[15,68445,42550],{},[190,68447,68448],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[190,68450,68451],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[33,68453,174,68455,68457],{"id":68454},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68456,42550],{}," returns for a list",[20,68459,68460,65270],{},[15,68461,68462],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68464,68465],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68467,68468],{},"A few important points:",[187,68470,68471,68474,68479],{},[190,68472,68473],{},"It counts list items",[190,68475,41096,68476,68478],{},[280,68477,4826],{}," count characters inside a string item",[190,68480,68481,68482],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68483,2321],{},[20,68485,204],{},[38,68487,68489],{"className":40,"code":68488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68490,68491,68524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68492,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520,68522],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68494,4263],{"class":53},[47,68496,58],{"class":57},[47,68498,3815],{"class":98},[47,68500,128],{"class":61},[47,68502,37239],{"class":65},[47,68504,128],{"class":61},[47,68506,136],{"class":98},[47,68508,62],{"class":61},[47,68510,68511],{"class":65},"elephant",[47,68513,128],{"class":61},[47,68515,136],{"class":98},[47,68517,62],{"class":61},[47,68519,58311],{"class":65},[47,68521,128],{"class":61},[47,68523,3828],{"class":98},[47,68525,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68527,95],{"class":94},[47,68529,99],{"class":98},[47,68531,11355],{"class":94},[47,68533,99],{"class":98},[47,68535,4307],{"class":102},[47,68537,1796],{"class":98},[20,68539,144],{},[38,68541,68542],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68543,68544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68545,68546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68547,46804],{"class":80},[20,68549,21175,68550,68553,68554,65277],{},[15,68551,68552],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[280,68555,52842],{},[20,68557,68558,68559,445],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[594,68560,13,68561,2088],{"href":42547},[15,68562,42550],{},[33,68564,5982],{"id":5981},[20,68566,68567,68568,68570],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68569,42550],{},", and print the result.",[38,68572,68574],{"className":40,"code":68573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68575,68576,68608,68622,68626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68577,68578,68580,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68579,13271],{"class":53},[47,68581,58],{"class":57},[47,68583,3815],{"class":98},[47,68585,128],{"class":61},[47,68587,876],{"class":65},[47,68589,128],{"class":61},[47,68591,136],{"class":98},[47,68593,62],{"class":61},[47,68595,885],{"class":65},[47,68597,128],{"class":61},[47,68599,136],{"class":98},[47,68601,62],{"class":61},[47,68603,894],{"class":65},[47,68605,128],{"class":61},[47,68607,3828],{"class":98},[47,68609,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68611,41431],{"class":53},[47,68613,58],{"class":57},[47,68615,38578],{"class":94},[47,68617,99],{"class":98},[47,68619,17698],{"class":102},[47,68621,106],{"class":98},[47,68623,68624],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,68625,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,68627,68628,68630,68632,68634],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,68629,95],{"class":94},[47,68631,99],{"class":98},[47,68633,41449],{"class":102},[47,68635,106],{"class":98},[20,68637,144],{},[38,68639,68640],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68641,68642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68643,68644],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68645,46804],{"class":80},[20,68647,11879],{},[187,68649,68650,68655,68662],{},[190,68651,68652,68654],{},[15,68653,17698],{}," is a list with 3 items",[190,68656,68657,1270,68660],{},[15,68658,68659],{},"len(colors)",[15,68661,2263],{},[190,68663,68664,68665],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68666,41449],{},[20,68668,68669],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[38,68671,68673],{"className":40,"code":68672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68674,68675,68707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68676,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68678,13271],{"class":53},[47,68680,58],{"class":57},[47,68682,3815],{"class":98},[47,68684,128],{"class":61},[47,68686,876],{"class":65},[47,68688,128],{"class":61},[47,68690,136],{"class":98},[47,68692,62],{"class":61},[47,68694,885],{"class":65},[47,68696,128],{"class":61},[47,68698,136],{"class":98},[47,68700,62],{"class":61},[47,68702,894],{"class":65},[47,68704,128],{"class":61},[47,68706,3828],{"class":98},[47,68708,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68710,95],{"class":94},[47,68712,99],{"class":98},[47,68714,11355],{"class":94},[47,68716,99],{"class":98},[47,68718,17698],{"class":102},[47,68720,1796],{"class":98},[33,68722,68724],{"id":68723},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68726,68727,68728,445],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68729,2321],{},[38,68731,68733],{"className":40,"code":68732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68734,68735,68743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68736,68737,68739,68741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68738,7975],{"class":53},[47,68740,58],{"class":57},[47,68742,8035],{"class":98},[47,68744,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68746,95],{"class":94},[47,68748,99],{"class":98},[47,68750,11355],{"class":94},[47,68752,99],{"class":98},[47,68754,8006],{"class":102},[47,68756,1796],{"class":98},[20,68758,144],{},[38,68760,68761],{"className":40,"code":47439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68762,68763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68764,68765],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68766,47439],{"class":80},[20,68768,68769],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[38,68771,68773],{"className":40,"code":68772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68774,68775,68783,68787,68805,68819,68825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68776,68777,68779,68781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68778,7975],{"class":53},[47,68780,58],{"class":57},[47,68782,8035],{"class":98},[47,68784,68785],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68786,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,68788,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,68790,7192],{"class":1461},[47,68792,38578],{"class":94},[47,68794,99],{"class":98},[47,68796,8006],{"class":102},[47,68798,3854],{"class":98},[47,68800,38588],{"class":57},[47,68802,4026],{"class":80},[47,68804,6586],{"class":98},[47,68806,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,68808,1499],{"class":94},[47,68810,99],{"class":98},[47,68812,8006],{"class":102},[47,68814,4092],{"class":98},[47,68816,2321],{"class":80},[47,68818,4080],{"class":98},[47,68820,68821,68823],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,68822,27633],{"class":1461},[47,68824,6586],{"class":98},[47,68826,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835,68837],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,68828,1499],{"class":94},[47,68830,99],{"class":98},[47,68832,128],{"class":61},[47,68834,52001],{"class":65},[47,68836,128],{"class":61},[47,68838,106],{"class":98},[20,68840,144],{},[38,68842,68844],{"className":40,"code":68843,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The list is empty\n",[15,68845,68846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68847,68848,68850,68852,68854],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68849,850],{"class":53},[47,68851,8288],{"class":1788},[47,68853,8291],{"class":57},[47,68855,8297],{"class":53},[20,68857,68858,68859,68861],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[594,68860,52956],{"href":51164}," is a good next step.",[33,68863,68865],{"id":68864},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68867,68868,68870,68871,68874],{},[15,68869,42550],{}," counts only the ",[280,68872,68873],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68876,68877],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[38,68879,68881],{"className":40,"code":68880,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68882,68883,68919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68884,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68886,9359],{"class":53},[47,68888,58],{"class":57},[47,68890,56478],{"class":98},[47,68892,1476],{"class":80},[47,68894,136],{"class":98},[47,68896,1562],{"class":80},[47,68898,18258],{"class":98},[47,68900,3815],{"class":98},[47,68902,2263],{"class":80},[47,68904,136],{"class":98},[47,68906,393],{"class":80},[47,68908,18258],{"class":98},[47,68910,3815],{"class":98},[47,68912,232],{"class":80},[47,68914,136],{"class":98},[47,68916,398],{"class":80},[47,68918,53427],{"class":98},[47,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68922,95],{"class":94},[47,68924,99],{"class":98},[47,68926,11355],{"class":94},[47,68928,99],{"class":98},[47,68930,9396],{"class":102},[47,68932,1796],{"class":98},[20,68934,144],{},[38,68936,68937],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68938,68939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68940,68941],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68942,46804],{"class":80},[20,68944,68945],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68947,52265],{},[38,68949,68951],{"className":40,"code":68950,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68952,68953,68979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,68954,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963,68965,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975,68977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,68956,59657],{"class":53},[47,68958,58],{"class":57},[47,68960,3815],{"class":98},[47,68962,1476],{"class":80},[47,68964,136],{"class":98},[47,68966,3815],{"class":98},[47,68968,243],{"class":80},[47,68970,136],{"class":98},[47,68972,249],{"class":80},[47,68974,18258],{"class":98},[47,68976,393],{"class":80},[47,68978,3828],{"class":98},[47,68980,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,68982,95],{"class":94},[47,68984,99],{"class":98},[47,68986,11355],{"class":94},[47,68988,99],{"class":98},[47,68990,59710],{"class":102},[47,68992,1796],{"class":98},[20,68994,144],{},[38,68996,68997],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,68998,68999],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69000,69001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69002,46804],{"class":80},[20,69004,21175,69005,69008],{},[15,69006,69007],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[33,69010,4713],{"id":4712},[447,69012,1654,69014,11285,69017],{"id":69013},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69015,69016],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69018,68462],{},[20,69020,69021],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69023,16839],{},[38,69025,69027],{"className":40,"code":69026,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69028,69029,69049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69030,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69032,3810],{"class":53},[47,69034,58],{"class":57},[47,69036,3815],{"class":98},[47,69038,582],{"class":80},[47,69040,136],{"class":98},[47,69042,7986],{"class":80},[47,69044,136],{"class":98},[47,69046,7991],{"class":80},[47,69048,3828],{"class":98},[47,69050,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69052,95],{"class":94},[47,69054,99],{"class":98},[47,69056,195],{"class":102},[47,69058,445],{"class":98},[47,69060,11355],{"class":102},[47,69062,7389],{"class":98},[20,69064,16851],{},[38,69066,69068],{"className":40,"code":69067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69069,69070,69090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69071,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086,69088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69073,3810],{"class":53},[47,69075,58],{"class":57},[47,69077,3815],{"class":98},[47,69079,582],{"class":80},[47,69081,136],{"class":98},[47,69083,7986],{"class":80},[47,69085,136],{"class":98},[47,69087,7991],{"class":80},[47,69089,3828],{"class":98},[47,69091,69092,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69093,95],{"class":94},[47,69095,99],{"class":98},[47,69097,11355],{"class":94},[47,69099,99],{"class":98},[47,69101,195],{"class":102},[47,69103,1796],{"class":98},[20,69105,69106,69108],{},[15,69107,42550],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[447,69110,25886],{"id":25885},[20,69112,16839],{},[38,69114,69116],{"className":40,"code":69115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69117,69118,69138],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69119,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132,69134,69136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69121,3810],{"class":53},[47,69123,58],{"class":57},[47,69125,3815],{"class":98},[47,69127,582],{"class":80},[47,69129,136],{"class":98},[47,69131,7986],{"class":80},[47,69133,136],{"class":98},[47,69135,7991],{"class":80},[47,69137,3828],{"class":98},[47,69139,69140,69142,69144,69146],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69141,95],{"class":94},[47,69143,99],{"class":98},[47,69145,11355],{"class":94},[47,69147,106],{"class":98},[20,69149,69150],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69152,16851],{},[38,69154,69155],{"className":40,"code":69067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69156,69157,69177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69158,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69160,3810],{"class":53},[47,69162,58],{"class":57},[47,69164,3815],{"class":98},[47,69166,582],{"class":80},[47,69168,136],{"class":98},[47,69170,7986],{"class":80},[47,69172,136],{"class":98},[47,69174,7991],{"class":80},[47,69176,3828],{"class":98},[47,69178,69179,69181,69183,69185,69187,69189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69180,95],{"class":94},[47,69182,99],{"class":98},[47,69184,11355],{"class":94},[47,69186,99],{"class":98},[47,69188,195],{"class":102},[47,69190,1796],{"class":98},[447,69192,69194],{"id":69193},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69196,69197,69198,69200],{},"The length of a list is ",[280,69199,4826],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69202,204],{},[38,69204,69206],{"className":40,"code":69205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69207,69208,69240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69209,69210,69212,69214,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69211,36284],{"class":53},[47,69213,58],{"class":57},[47,69215,3815],{"class":98},[47,69217,128],{"class":61},[47,69219,594],{"class":65},[47,69221,128],{"class":61},[47,69223,136],{"class":98},[47,69225,62],{"class":61},[47,69227,4957],{"class":65},[47,69229,128],{"class":61},[47,69231,136],{"class":98},[47,69233,62],{"class":61},[47,69235,9931],{"class":65},[47,69237,128],{"class":61},[47,69239,3828],{"class":98},[47,69241,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69243,95],{"class":94},[47,69245,99],{"class":98},[47,69247,11355],{"class":94},[47,69249,99],{"class":98},[47,69251,36337],{"class":102},[47,69253,1796],{"class":98},[20,69255,144],{},[38,69257,69258],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69259,69260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69261,69262],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69263,46804],{"class":80},[20,69265,69266,69267,19160,69269,445],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69268,243],{},[15,69270,2263],{},[20,69272,69273],{},"Indexes are:",[187,69275,69276,69283,69289],{},[190,69277,69278,69280,69281],{},[15,69279,2321],{}," for ",[15,69282,18292],{},[190,69284,69285,69280,69287],{},[15,69286,1476],{},[15,69288,65780],{},[190,69290,69291,69280,69293],{},[15,69292,243],{},[15,69294,66666],{},[20,69296,69297],{},"So this causes an error:",[38,69299,69301],{"className":40,"code":69300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69302,69303,69335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69304,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69306,36284],{"class":53},[47,69308,58],{"class":57},[47,69310,3815],{"class":98},[47,69312,128],{"class":61},[47,69314,594],{"class":65},[47,69316,128],{"class":61},[47,69318,136],{"class":98},[47,69320,62],{"class":61},[47,69322,4957],{"class":65},[47,69324,128],{"class":61},[47,69326,136],{"class":98},[47,69328,62],{"class":61},[47,69330,9931],{"class":65},[47,69332,128],{"class":61},[47,69334,3828],{"class":98},[47,69336,69337,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69338,95],{"class":94},[47,69340,99],{"class":98},[47,69342,36337],{"class":102},[47,69344,4092],{"class":98},[47,69346,11355],{"class":94},[47,69348,99],{"class":98},[47,69350,36337],{"class":102},[47,69352,10872],{"class":98},[20,69354,8688,69355,4980,69358,69360,69361,69363],{},[15,69356,69357],{},"len(letters)",[15,69359,2263],{},", and index ",[15,69362,2263],{}," does not exist.",[20,69365,19037],{},[38,69367,69369],{"className":40,"code":69368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69370,69371,69403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69372,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399,69401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69374,36284],{"class":53},[47,69376,58],{"class":57},[47,69378,3815],{"class":98},[47,69380,128],{"class":61},[47,69382,594],{"class":65},[47,69384,128],{"class":61},[47,69386,136],{"class":98},[47,69388,62],{"class":61},[47,69390,4957],{"class":65},[47,69392,128],{"class":61},[47,69394,136],{"class":98},[47,69396,62],{"class":61},[47,69398,9931],{"class":65},[47,69400,128],{"class":61},[47,69402,3828],{"class":98},[47,69404,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69406,95],{"class":94},[47,69408,99],{"class":98},[47,69410,36337],{"class":102},[47,69412,4092],{"class":98},[47,69414,11355],{"class":94},[47,69416,99],{"class":98},[47,69418,36337],{"class":102},[47,69420,3854],{"class":98},[47,69422,2422],{"class":57},[47,69424,1545],{"class":80},[47,69426,4080],{"class":98},[20,69428,144],{},[38,69430,69432],{"className":40,"code":69431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"c\n",[15,69433,69434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69435,69436],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69437,69431],{"class":53},[20,69439,69440,69441,445],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[594,69442,69444],{"href":69443},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[447,69446,1654,69448,69450],{"id":69447},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69449,42550],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69452,69453],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69455,69456],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[38,69458,69460],{"className":40,"code":69459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69461,69462,69472,69486,69500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69463,69464,69466,69468,69470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69465,95],{"class":94},[47,69467,99],{"class":98},[47,69469,8533],{"class":102},[47,69471,106],{"class":98},[47,69473,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69475,95],{"class":94},[47,69477,99],{"class":98},[47,69479,11355],{"class":94},[47,69481,99],{"class":98},[47,69483,8533],{"class":102},[47,69485,1796],{"class":98},[47,69487,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,69489,95],{"class":94},[47,69491,99],{"class":98},[47,69493,1922],{"class":1788},[47,69495,99],{"class":98},[47,69497,8533],{"class":102},[47,69499,1796],{"class":98},[47,69501,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,69503,95],{"class":94},[47,69505,99],{"class":98},[47,69507,8533],{"class":102},[47,69509,4092],{"class":98},[47,69511,2321],{"class":80},[47,69513,4080],{"class":98},[20,69515,69516],{},"These help you verify:",[187,69518,69519,69522,69524,69527],{},[190,69520,69521],{},"what the variable contains",[190,69523,60969],{},[190,69525,69526],{},"whether it is really a list",[190,69528,69529],{},"what the first item is",[20,69531,69532,69533,69536],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69534,69535],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[33,69538,5158,69540,69542],{"id":69539},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69541,42550],{}," with lists",[20,69544,69545,69546,69548],{},"You will often use ",[15,69547,42550],{}," in real programs.",[20,69550,9565],{},[187,69552,69553,69555,69558,69561],{},[190,69554,51955],{},[190,69556,69557],{},"Control loops",[190,69559,69560],{},"Validate input or results",[190,69562,69563],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69565,69566],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[38,69568,69570],{"className":40,"code":69569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69571,69572,69592,69608,69612,69626,69640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69573,69574,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69575,2750],{"class":53},[47,69577,58],{"class":57},[47,69579,3815],{"class":98},[47,69581,1476],{"class":80},[47,69583,136],{"class":98},[47,69585,1562],{"class":80},[47,69587,136],{"class":98},[47,69589,249],{"class":80},[47,69591,3828],{"class":98},[47,69593,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69595,2777],{"class":53},[47,69597,58],{"class":57},[47,69599,3815],{"class":98},[47,69601,582],{"class":80},[47,69603,136],{"class":98},[47,69605,7986],{"class":80},[47,69607,3828],{"class":98},[47,69609,69610],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,69611,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,69613,69614,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,69615,95],{"class":94},[47,69617,99],{"class":98},[47,69619,11355],{"class":94},[47,69621,99],{"class":98},[47,69623,594],{"class":102},[47,69625,1796],{"class":98},[47,69627,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,69629,95],{"class":94},[47,69631,99],{"class":98},[47,69633,11355],{"class":94},[47,69635,99],{"class":98},[47,69637,4957],{"class":102},[47,69639,1796],{"class":98},[47,69641,69642,69644,69646,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,69643,95],{"class":94},[47,69645,99],{"class":98},[47,69647,11355],{"class":94},[47,69649,99],{"class":98},[47,69651,594],{"class":102},[47,69653,3854],{"class":98},[47,69655,38588],{"class":57},[47,69657,38578],{"class":94},[47,69659,99],{"class":98},[47,69661,4957],{"class":102},[47,69663,1796],{"class":98},[20,69665,144],{},[38,69667,69669],{"className":40,"code":69668,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69670,69671,69675,69679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69672,69673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69674,46804],{"class":80},[47,69676,69677],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69678,17252],{"class":80},[47,69680,69681],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,69682,4172],{"class":1334},[20,69684,69685],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[38,69687,69689],{"className":40,"code":69688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69690,69691,69723,69727,69749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69692,69693,69695,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69707,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717,69719,69721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69694,5192],{"class":53},[47,69696,58],{"class":57},[47,69698,3815],{"class":98},[47,69700,128],{"class":61},[47,69702,13075],{"class":65},[47,69704,128],{"class":61},[47,69706,136],{"class":98},[47,69708,62],{"class":61},[47,69710,36135],{"class":65},[47,69712,128],{"class":61},[47,69714,136],{"class":98},[47,69716,62],{"class":61},[47,69718,36144],{"class":65},[47,69720,128],{"class":61},[47,69722,3828],{"class":98},[47,69724,69725],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69726,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,69728,69729,69731,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,69730,1462],{"class":1461},[47,69732,69733],{"class":53}," i ",[47,69735,1468],{"class":1461},[47,69737,1471],{"class":94},[47,69739,99],{"class":98},[47,69741,11355],{"class":94},[47,69743,99],{"class":98},[47,69745,5236],{"class":102},[47,69747,69748],{"class":98},")):\n",[47,69750,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759,69762,69764,69766],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,69752,1499],{"class":94},[47,69754,99],{"class":98},[47,69756,36348],{"class":102},[47,69758,136],{"class":98},[47,69760,69761],{"class":102}," names",[47,69763,4092],{"class":98},[47,69765,36348],{"class":102},[47,69767,4080],{"class":98},[20,69769,144],{},[38,69771,69772],{"className":40,"code":36192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,69773,69774,69780,69786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69775,69776,69778],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69777,2321],{"class":80},[47,69779,36201],{"class":53},[47,69781,69782,69784],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69783,1476],{"class":80},[47,69785,36208],{"class":53},[47,69787,69788,69790],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,69789,243],{"class":80},[47,69791,36215],{"class":53},[20,69793,69794,69795,445],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[594,69796,69798],{"href":69797},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69800,69801,69802,69804],{},"You can also read ",[594,69803,51732],{"href":51731}," for a task-focused guide.",[33,69806,1969],{"id":1968},[447,69808,69810],{"id":69809},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69812,167,69813,69816],{},[15,69814,69815],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[447,69818,5339,69820,12910],{"id":69819},"what-does-len-return",[15,69821,69822],{},"len([])",[20,69824,5345,69825,69827],{},[15,69826,2321],{}," because the list is empty.",[447,69829,69831],{"id":69830},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69833,69834],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[447,69836,28528,69838,69840],{"id":69837},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69839,69016],{}," in Python?",[20,69842,30469,69843,8416,69845,69847],{},[15,69844,68462],{},[15,69846,42550],{}," is a built-in function.",[33,69849,2075],{"id":2074},[187,69851,69852,69858,69862,69866,69870],{},[190,69853,69854],{},[594,69855,13,69856,2088],{"href":42547},[15,69857,42550],{},[190,69859,69860],{},[594,69861,52776],{"href":51731},[190,69863,69864],{},[594,69865,52956],{"href":51164},[190,69867,69868],{},[594,69869,69444],{"href":69443},[190,69871,69872],{},[594,69873,69874],{"href":69797},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2110,69876,69877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":69879},[69880,69881,69883,69884,69885,69886,69894,69896,69904],{"id":15356,"depth":72,"text":15357},{"id":68454,"depth":72,"text":69882},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5981,"depth":72,"text":5982},{"id":68723,"depth":72,"text":68724},{"id":68864,"depth":72,"text":68865},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":69887},[69888,69890,69891,69892],{"id":69013,"depth":84,"text":69889},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25885,"depth":84,"text":25886},{"id":69193,"depth":84,"text":69194},{"id":69447,"depth":84,"text":69893},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69539,"depth":72,"text":69895},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":69897},[69898,69899,69901,69902],{"id":69809,"depth":84,"text":69810},{"id":69819,"depth":84,"text":69900},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69830,"depth":84,"text":69831},{"id":69837,"depth":84,"text":69903},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68349,"description":69905},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69911,"title":69912,"body":69913,"description":71894,"extension":2167,"meta":71895,"navigation":87,"path":71896,"seo":71897,"stem":71898,"__hash__":71899},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69914,"toc":71867},[69915,69918,69923,69926,69934,69947,69949,70014,70016,70038,70043,70047,70052,70060,70062,70072,70074,70155,70157,70186,70188,70207,70212,70229,70231,70315,70317,70347,70352,70356,70362,70446,70448,70478,70481,70485,70488,70579,70581,70619,70622,70707,70709,70739,70745,70752,70756,70761,70770,70772,70857,70859,70888,70891,70899,70903,70907,70916,70939,70941,70963,70965,70979,70981,71041,71045,71050,71089,71091,71108,71110,71120,71219,71224,71228,71233,71276,71278,71306,71308,71322,71397,71399,71421,71425,71428,71433,71444,71449,71457,71460,71531,71533,71558,71615,71617,71638,71647,71655,71660,71662,71667,71688,71691,71766,71769,71783,71790,71792,71796,71802,71806,71816,71820,71827,71831,71837,71839,71864],[10,69916,69912],{"id":69917},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69919,69920,69922],{},[15,69921,55266],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69924,69925],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[187,69927,69928,69931],{},[190,69929,69930],{},"delete an item from a list",[190,69932,69933],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69935,69936,69937,69939,69940,8898,69942,69946],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69938,12957],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69941,12957],{},[594,69943,69944],{"href":55256},[15,69945,55713],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[33,69948,36],{"id":35},[38,69950,69952],{"className":40,"code":69951,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69953,69954,69974,69989,69993,70004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,69955,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,69957,3810],{"class":53},[47,69959,58],{"class":57},[47,69961,3815],{"class":98},[47,69963,582],{"class":80},[47,69965,136],{"class":98},[47,69967,7986],{"class":80},[47,69969,136],{"class":98},[47,69971,7991],{"class":80},[47,69973,3828],{"class":98},[47,69975,69976,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,69977,69978],{"class":53},"last_item ",[47,69980,58],{"class":57},[47,69982,4457],{"class":53},[47,69984,445],{"class":98},[47,69986,26440],{"class":102},[47,69988,8836],{"class":98},[47,69990,69991],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,69992,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,69994,69995,69997,69999,70002],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,69996,95],{"class":94},[47,69998,99],{"class":98},[47,70000,70001],{"class":102},"last_item",[47,70003,106],{"class":98},[47,70005,70006,70008,70010,70012],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70007,95],{"class":94},[47,70009,99],{"class":98},[47,70011,195],{"class":102},[47,70013,106],{"class":98},[20,70015,144],{},[38,70017,70019],{"className":40,"code":70018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70020,70021,70026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70022,70023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70024,70025],{"class":80},"30\n",[47,70027,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70029,4092],{"class":98},[47,70031,582],{"class":80},[47,70033,136],{"class":98},[47,70035,7986],{"class":80},[47,70037,3828],{"class":98},[20,70039,167,70040,70042],{},[15,70041,12957],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[33,70044,70046],{"id":70045},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70048,70049,70051],{},[15,70050,12957],{}," has two main jobs:",[187,70053,70054,70057],{},[190,70055,70056],{},"It removes one item from a list",[190,70058,70059],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70061,43840],{},[187,70063,70064,70067,70070],{},[190,70065,70066],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[190,70068,70069],{},"It changes the original list",[190,70071,52930],{},[20,70073,204],{},[38,70075,70077],{"className":40,"code":70076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70078,70079,70111,70115,70130,70134,70145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70080,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70082,13271],{"class":53},[47,70084,58],{"class":57},[47,70086,3815],{"class":98},[47,70088,128],{"class":61},[47,70090,876],{"class":65},[47,70092,128],{"class":61},[47,70094,136],{"class":98},[47,70096,62],{"class":61},[47,70098,885],{"class":65},[47,70100,128],{"class":61},[47,70102,136],{"class":98},[47,70104,62],{"class":61},[47,70106,894],{"class":65},[47,70108,128],{"class":61},[47,70110,3828],{"class":98},[47,70112,70113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70114,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70116,70117,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,70118,70119],{"class":53},"removed ",[47,70121,58],{"class":57},[47,70123,13317],{"class":53},[47,70125,445],{"class":98},[47,70127,26440],{"class":102},[47,70129,8836],{"class":98},[47,70131,70132],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,70133,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70135,70136,70138,70140,70143],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70137,95],{"class":94},[47,70139,99],{"class":98},[47,70141,70142],{"class":102},"removed",[47,70144,106],{"class":98},[47,70146,70147,70149,70151,70153],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,70148,95],{"class":94},[47,70150,99],{"class":98},[47,70152,17698],{"class":102},[47,70154,106],{"class":98},[20,70156,144],{},[38,70158,70160],{"className":40,"code":70159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70161,70162,70166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70163,70164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70165,1025],{"class":53},[47,70167,70168,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180,70182,70184],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70169,4092],{"class":98},[47,70171,3493],{"class":61},[47,70173,876],{"class":65},[47,70175,3493],{"class":61},[47,70177,136],{"class":98},[47,70179,3488],{"class":61},[47,70181,885],{"class":65},[47,70183,3493],{"class":61},[47,70185,3828],{"class":98},[33,70187,290],{"id":289},[38,70189,70191],{"className":40,"code":70190,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70192,70193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70194,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70196,8288],{"class":1788},[47,70198,445],{"class":98},[47,70200,26440],{"class":102},[47,70202,3178],{"class":98},[47,70204,36041],{"class":102},[47,70206,4080],{"class":98},[20,70208,850,70209,70211],{},[15,70210,36041],{}," is optional.",[187,70213,70214,70220,70226],{},[190,70215,70216,70217,70219],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70218,12957],{}," removes the last item",[190,70221,70222,70223,70225],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70224,12957],{}," removes the item at that position",[190,70227,70228],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70230,204],{},[38,70232,70234],{"className":40,"code":70233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70235,70236,70268,70272,70291,70295,70305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70237,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70239,36284],{"class":53},[47,70241,58],{"class":57},[47,70243,3815],{"class":98},[47,70245,128],{"class":61},[47,70247,594],{"class":65},[47,70249,128],{"class":61},[47,70251,136],{"class":98},[47,70253,62],{"class":61},[47,70255,4957],{"class":65},[47,70257,128],{"class":61},[47,70259,136],{"class":98},[47,70261,62],{"class":61},[47,70263,9931],{"class":65},[47,70265,128],{"class":61},[47,70267,3828],{"class":98},[47,70269,70270],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70271,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70273,70274,70276,70278,70281,70283,70285,70287,70289],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,70275,28738],{"class":53},[47,70277,58],{"class":57},[47,70279,70280],{"class":53}," letters",[47,70282,445],{"class":98},[47,70284,26440],{"class":102},[47,70286,99],{"class":98},[47,70288,1476],{"class":80},[47,70290,106],{"class":98},[47,70292,70293],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,70294,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70296,70297,70299,70301,70303],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70298,95],{"class":94},[47,70300,99],{"class":98},[47,70302,23508],{"class":102},[47,70304,106],{"class":98},[47,70306,70307,70309,70311,70313],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,70308,95],{"class":94},[47,70310,99],{"class":98},[47,70312,36337],{"class":102},[47,70314,106],{"class":98},[20,70316,144],{},[38,70318,70320],{"className":40,"code":70319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70321,70322,70327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70323,70324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70325,70326],{"class":53},"b\n",[47,70328,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337,70339,70341,70343,70345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70330,4092],{"class":98},[47,70332,3493],{"class":61},[47,70334,594],{"class":65},[47,70336,3493],{"class":61},[47,70338,136],{"class":98},[47,70340,3488],{"class":61},[47,70342,9931],{"class":65},[47,70344,3493],{"class":61},[47,70346,3828],{"class":98},[20,70348,70349,70350,445],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[594,70351,52956],{"href":51164},[33,70353,70355],{"id":70354},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70357,70358,70359,70361],{},"When you call ",[15,70360,12957],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[38,70363,70365],{"className":40,"code":70364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70366,70367,70402,70406,70421,70425,70436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70368,70369,70371,70373,70375,70377,70380,70382,70384,70386,70389,70391,70393,70395,70398,70400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70370,30096],{"class":53},[47,70372,58],{"class":57},[47,70374,3815],{"class":98},[47,70376,128],{"class":61},[47,70378,70379],{"class":65},"write",[47,70381,128],{"class":61},[47,70383,136],{"class":98},[47,70385,62],{"class":61},[47,70387,70388],{"class":65},"test",[47,70390,128],{"class":61},[47,70392,136],{"class":98},[47,70394,62],{"class":61},[47,70396,70397],{"class":65},"submit",[47,70399,128],{"class":61},[47,70401,3828],{"class":98},[47,70403,70404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70405,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70407,70408,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,70409,70410],{"class":53},"last_task ",[47,70412,58],{"class":57},[47,70414,30174],{"class":53},[47,70416,445],{"class":98},[47,70418,26440],{"class":102},[47,70420,8836],{"class":98},[47,70422,70423],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,70424,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70426,70427,70429,70431,70434],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70428,95],{"class":94},[47,70430,99],{"class":98},[47,70432,70433],{"class":102},"last_task",[47,70435,106],{"class":98},[47,70437,70438,70440,70442,70444],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,70439,95],{"class":94},[47,70441,99],{"class":98},[47,70443,36700],{"class":102},[47,70445,106],{"class":98},[20,70447,144],{},[38,70449,70451],{"className":40,"code":70450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70452,70453,70458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70454,70455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70456,70457],{"class":53},"submit\n",[47,70459,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70461,4092],{"class":98},[47,70463,3493],{"class":61},[47,70465,70379],{"class":65},[47,70467,3493],{"class":61},[47,70469,136],{"class":98},[47,70471,3488],{"class":61},[47,70473,70388],{"class":65},[47,70475,3493],{"class":61},[47,70477,3828],{"class":98},[20,70479,70480],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[33,70482,70484],{"id":70483},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70486,70487],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[38,70489,70491],{"className":40,"code":70490,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70492,70493,70533,70537,70555,70559,70569],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70494,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507,70509,70511,70513,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70496,36433],{"class":53},[47,70498,58],{"class":57},[47,70500,3815],{"class":98},[47,70502,128],{"class":61},[47,70504,4272],{"class":65},[47,70506,128],{"class":61},[47,70508,136],{"class":98},[47,70510,62],{"class":61},[47,70512,4281],{"class":65},[47,70514,128],{"class":61},[47,70516,136],{"class":98},[47,70518,62],{"class":61},[47,70520,4290],{"class":65},[47,70522,128],{"class":61},[47,70524,136],{"class":98},[47,70526,62],{"class":61},[47,70528,33418],{"class":65},[47,70530,128],{"class":61},[47,70532,3828],{"class":98},[47,70534,70535],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70536,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70538,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551,70553],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,70540,70119],{"class":53},[47,70542,58],{"class":57},[47,70544,53036],{"class":53},[47,70546,445],{"class":98},[47,70548,26440],{"class":102},[47,70550,99],{"class":98},[47,70552,1476],{"class":80},[47,70554,106],{"class":98},[47,70556,70557],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,70558,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70560,70561,70563,70565,70567],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70562,95],{"class":94},[47,70564,99],{"class":98},[47,70566,70142],{"class":102},[47,70568,106],{"class":98},[47,70570,70571,70573,70575,70577],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,70572,95],{"class":94},[47,70574,99],{"class":98},[47,70576,36485],{"class":102},[47,70578,106],{"class":98},[20,70580,144],{},[38,70582,70584],{"className":40,"code":70583,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70585,70586,70591],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70587,70588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70589,70590],{"class":53},"banana\n",[47,70592,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613,70615,70617],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70594,4092],{"class":98},[47,70596,3493],{"class":61},[47,70598,4272],{"class":65},[47,70600,3493],{"class":61},[47,70602,136],{"class":98},[47,70604,3488],{"class":61},[47,70606,4290],{"class":65},[47,70608,3493],{"class":61},[47,70610,136],{"class":98},[47,70612,3488],{"class":61},[47,70614,33418],{"class":65},[47,70616,3493],{"class":61},[47,70618,3828],{"class":98},[20,70620,70621],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[38,70623,70625],{"className":40,"code":70624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70626,70627,70659,70663,70683,70687,70697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70628,70629,70631,70633,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653,70655,70657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70630,36433],{"class":53},[47,70632,58],{"class":57},[47,70634,3815],{"class":98},[47,70636,128],{"class":61},[47,70638,4272],{"class":65},[47,70640,128],{"class":61},[47,70642,136],{"class":98},[47,70644,62],{"class":61},[47,70646,4281],{"class":65},[47,70648,128],{"class":61},[47,70650,136],{"class":98},[47,70652,62],{"class":61},[47,70654,4290],{"class":65},[47,70656,128],{"class":61},[47,70658,3828],{"class":98},[47,70660,70661],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70662,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70664,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,70666,70119],{"class":53},[47,70668,58],{"class":57},[47,70670,53036],{"class":53},[47,70672,445],{"class":98},[47,70674,26440],{"class":102},[47,70676,99],{"class":98},[47,70678,1033],{"class":57},[47,70680,1476],{"class":80},[47,70682,106],{"class":98},[47,70684,70685],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,70686,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70688,70689,70691,70693,70695],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70690,95],{"class":94},[47,70692,99],{"class":98},[47,70694,70142],{"class":102},[47,70696,106],{"class":98},[47,70698,70699,70701,70703,70705],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,70700,95],{"class":94},[47,70702,99],{"class":98},[47,70704,36485],{"class":102},[47,70706,106],{"class":98},[20,70708,144],{},[38,70710,70712],{"className":40,"code":70711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70713,70714,70719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70715,70716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70717,70718],{"class":53},"cherry\n",[47,70720,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70722,4092],{"class":98},[47,70724,3493],{"class":61},[47,70726,4272],{"class":65},[47,70728,3493],{"class":61},[47,70730,136],{"class":98},[47,70732,3488],{"class":61},[47,70734,4281],{"class":65},[47,70736,3493],{"class":61},[47,70738,3828],{"class":98},[20,70740,70741,70742,70744],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70743,66039],{}," means the last item.",[20,70746,70747,70748,445],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[594,70749,70750,10934],{"href":59149},[15,70751,65051],{},[33,70753,70755],{"id":70754},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70757,70758,70760],{},[15,70759,12957],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70762,70763,70764,839,70766,445],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70765,12957],{},[594,70767,70768],{"href":55256},[15,70769,55713],{},[20,70771,204],{},[38,70773,70775],{"className":40,"code":70774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70776,70777,70809,70813,70832,70836,70847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70778,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805,70807],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70780,5192],{"class":53},[47,70782,58],{"class":57},[47,70784,3815],{"class":98},[47,70786,128],{"class":61},[47,70788,13075],{"class":65},[47,70790,128],{"class":61},[47,70792,136],{"class":98},[47,70794,62],{"class":61},[47,70796,36135],{"class":65},[47,70798,128],{"class":61},[47,70800,136],{"class":98},[47,70802,62],{"class":61},[47,70804,36144],{"class":65},[47,70806,128],{"class":61},[47,70808,3828],{"class":98},[47,70810,70811],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70812,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70814,70815,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826,70828,70830],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,70816,70817],{"class":53},"removed_name ",[47,70819,58],{"class":57},[47,70821,69761],{"class":53},[47,70823,445],{"class":98},[47,70825,26440],{"class":102},[47,70827,99],{"class":98},[47,70829,2321],{"class":80},[47,70831,106],{"class":98},[47,70833,70834],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,70835,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70837,70838,70840,70842,70845],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,70839,95],{"class":94},[47,70841,99],{"class":98},[47,70843,70844],{"class":102},"removed_name",[47,70846,106],{"class":98},[47,70848,70849,70851,70853,70855],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,70850,95],{"class":94},[47,70852,99],{"class":98},[47,70854,5236],{"class":102},[47,70856,106],{"class":98},[20,70858,144],{},[38,70860,70862],{"className":40,"code":70861,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70863,70864,70868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70865,70866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70867,50226],{"class":53},[47,70869,70870,70872,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70871,4092],{"class":98},[47,70873,3493],{"class":61},[47,70875,36135],{"class":65},[47,70877,3493],{"class":61},[47,70879,136],{"class":98},[47,70881,3488],{"class":61},[47,70883,36144],{"class":65},[47,70885,3493],{"class":61},[47,70887,3828],{"class":98},[20,70889,70890],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70892,70893,70894,70896,70897,445],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70895,55713],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70898,285],{},[33,70900,70902],{"id":70901},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[447,70904,70906],{"id":70905},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70908,70909,70910,70912,70913,445],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70911,12957],{}," raises an ",[15,70914,70915],{},"IndexError",[38,70917,70919],{"className":40,"code":70918,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70920,70921,70929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70922,70923,70925,70927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70924,7975],{"class":53},[47,70926,58],{"class":57},[47,70928,8035],{"class":98},[47,70930,70931,70933,70935,70937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70932,8006],{"class":53},[47,70934,445],{"class":98},[47,70936,26440],{"class":102},[47,70938,8836],{"class":98},[20,70940,144],{},[38,70942,70944],{"className":40,"code":70943,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70945,70946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70947,70948,70950,70952,70955,70958,70961],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70949,70915],{"class":1788},[47,70951,420],{"class":98},[47,70953,70954],{"class":53}," pop ",[47,70956,70957],{"class":1461},"from",[47,70959,70960],{"class":53}," empty ",[47,70962,50072],{"class":1788},[20,70964,39453],{},[187,70966,70967,70972],{},[190,70968,70969,70970],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70971,12957],{},[190,70973,70974,70975,839,70977],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70976,30002],{},[15,70978,30033],{},[20,70980,204],{},[38,70982,70984],{"className":40,"code":70983,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70985,70986,70994,70998,71006,71020,71026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,70987,70988,70990,70992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,70989,7975],{"class":53},[47,70991,58],{"class":57},[47,70993,8035],{"class":98},[47,70995,70996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,70997,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,70999,71000,71002,71004],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,71001,7192],{"class":1461},[47,71003,6160],{"class":53},[47,71005,6586],{"class":98},[47,71007,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,71009,1499],{"class":94},[47,71011,99],{"class":98},[47,71013,8006],{"class":102},[47,71015,445],{"class":98},[47,71017,26440],{"class":102},[47,71019,7389],{"class":98},[47,71021,71022,71024],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71023,27633],{"class":1461},[47,71025,6586],{"class":98},[47,71027,71028,71030,71032,71034,71037,71039],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,71029,1499],{"class":94},[47,71031,99],{"class":98},[47,71033,128],{"class":61},[47,71035,71036],{"class":65},"The list is empty.",[47,71038,128],{"class":61},[47,71040,106],{"class":98},[447,71042,71044],{"id":71043},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71046,71047,71048,445],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71049,70915],{},[38,71051,71053],{"className":40,"code":71052,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71054,71055,71075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71056,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071,71073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71058,3810],{"class":53},[47,71060,58],{"class":57},[47,71062,3815],{"class":98},[47,71064,582],{"class":80},[47,71066,136],{"class":98},[47,71068,7986],{"class":80},[47,71070,136],{"class":98},[47,71072,7991],{"class":80},[47,71074,3828],{"class":98},[47,71076,71077,71079,71081,71083,71085,71087],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71078,195],{"class":53},[47,71080,445],{"class":98},[47,71082,26440],{"class":102},[47,71084,99],{"class":98},[47,71086,232],{"class":80},[47,71088,106],{"class":98},[20,71090,144],{},[38,71092,71094],{"className":40,"code":71093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71095,71096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71097,71098,71100,71102,71105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71099,70915],{"class":1788},[47,71101,420],{"class":98},[47,71103,71104],{"class":53}," pop index out of ",[47,71106,71107],{"class":94},"range\n",[20,71109,39453],{},[187,71111,71112,71117],{},[190,71113,71114,71115],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71116,42550],{},[190,71118,71119],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[38,71121,71123],{"className":40,"code":71122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71124,71125,71145,71154,71158,71180,71198,71204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71126,71127,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71128,3810],{"class":53},[47,71130,58],{"class":57},[47,71132,3815],{"class":98},[47,71134,582],{"class":80},[47,71136,136],{"class":98},[47,71138,7986],{"class":80},[47,71140,136],{"class":98},[47,71142,7991],{"class":80},[47,71144,3828],{"class":98},[47,71146,71147,71150,71152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71148,71149],{"class":53},"index ",[47,71151,58],{"class":57},[47,71153,45778],{"class":80},[47,71155,71156],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,71157,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,71159,71160,71162,71164,71167,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,71161,7192],{"class":1461},[47,71163,4026],{"class":80},[47,71165,71166],{"class":57}," \u003C=",[47,71168,71169],{"class":53}," index ",[47,71171,3482],{"class":57},[47,71173,38578],{"class":94},[47,71175,99],{"class":98},[47,71177,195],{"class":102},[47,71179,1483],{"class":98},[47,71181,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71183,1499],{"class":94},[47,71185,99],{"class":98},[47,71187,195],{"class":102},[47,71189,445],{"class":98},[47,71191,26440],{"class":102},[47,71193,99],{"class":98},[47,71195,36041],{"class":102},[47,71197,1796],{"class":98},[47,71199,71200,71202],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,71201,27633],{"class":1461},[47,71203,6586],{"class":98},[47,71205,71206,71208,71210,71212,71215,71217],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,71207,1499],{"class":94},[47,71209,99],{"class":98},[47,71211,128],{"class":61},[47,71213,71214],{"class":65},"Index is out of range.",[47,71216,128],{"class":61},[47,71218,106],{"class":98},[20,71220,71221,71222,445],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[594,71223,69444],{"href":69443},[447,71225,71227],{"id":71226},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71229,71230,71232],{},[15,71231,12957],{}," expects an integer index.",[38,71234,71236],{"className":40,"code":71235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71237,71238,71258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71239,71240,71242,71244,71246,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71241,3810],{"class":53},[47,71243,58],{"class":57},[47,71245,3815],{"class":98},[47,71247,582],{"class":80},[47,71249,136],{"class":98},[47,71251,7986],{"class":80},[47,71253,136],{"class":98},[47,71255,7991],{"class":80},[47,71257,3828],{"class":98},[47,71259,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71274],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71261,195],{"class":53},[47,71263,445],{"class":98},[47,71265,26440],{"class":102},[47,71267,99],{"class":98},[47,71269,128],{"class":61},[47,71271,1476],{"class":65},[47,71273,128],{"class":61},[47,71275,106],{"class":98},[20,71277,144],{},[38,71279,71281],{"className":40,"code":71280,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71282,71283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71284,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71300,71303],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71286,1707],{"class":1788},[47,71288,420],{"class":98},[47,71290,3488],{"class":61},[47,71292,3636],{"class":65},[47,71294,3493],{"class":61},[47,71296,24815],{"class":1788},[47,71298,71299],{"class":53}," cannot be interpreted ",[47,71301,71302],{"class":1461},"as",[47,71304,71305],{"class":53}," an integer\n",[20,71307,39453],{},[187,71309,71310,71319],{},[190,71311,71312,71313,2390,71315,2394,71317],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71314,2321],{},[15,71316,1476],{},[15,71318,66039],{},[190,71320,71321],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[38,71323,71325],{"className":40,"code":71324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71326,71327,71347,71365,71369,71387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71328,71329,71331,71333,71335,71337,71339,71341,71343,71345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71330,3810],{"class":53},[47,71332,58],{"class":57},[47,71334,3815],{"class":98},[47,71336,582],{"class":80},[47,71338,136],{"class":98},[47,71340,7986],{"class":80},[47,71342,136],{"class":98},[47,71344,7991],{"class":80},[47,71346,3828],{"class":98},[47,71348,71349,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71350,71149],{"class":53},[47,71352,58],{"class":57},[47,71354,45467],{"class":1788},[47,71356,99],{"class":98},[47,71358,128],{"class":61},[47,71360,1476],{"class":65},[47,71362,128],{"class":61},[47,71364,106],{"class":98},[47,71366,71367],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,71368,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,71370,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,71372,95],{"class":94},[47,71374,99],{"class":98},[47,71376,195],{"class":102},[47,71378,445],{"class":98},[47,71380,26440],{"class":102},[47,71382,99],{"class":98},[47,71384,36041],{"class":102},[47,71386,1796],{"class":98},[47,71388,71389,71391,71393,71395],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71390,95],{"class":94},[47,71392,99],{"class":98},[47,71394,195],{"class":102},[47,71396,106],{"class":98},[20,71398,144],{},[38,71400,71402],{"className":40,"code":71401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71403,71404,71409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71405,71406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71407,71408],{"class":80},"20\n",[47,71410,71411,71413,71415,71417,71419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71412,4092],{"class":98},[47,71414,582],{"class":80},[47,71416,136],{"class":98},[47,71418,7991],{"class":80},[47,71420,3828],{"class":98},[33,71422,71424],{"id":71423},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71426,71427],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[447,71429,167,71431,10794],{"id":71430},"use-pop-when",[15,71432,12957],{},[187,71434,71435,71438,71441],{},[190,71436,71437],{},"you want to remove by index",[190,71439,71440],{},"you want the removed item returned",[190,71442,71443],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[447,71445,167,71447,10794],{"id":71446},"use-remove-when",[15,71448,55713],{},[187,71450,71451,71454],{},[190,71452,71453],{},"you want to remove by value",[190,71455,71456],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71458,71459],{},"Compare these examples:",[38,71461,71463],{"className":40,"code":71462,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71464,71465,71489,71493,71511,71521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71466,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71468,3810],{"class":53},[47,71470,58],{"class":57},[47,71472,3815],{"class":98},[47,71474,582],{"class":80},[47,71476,136],{"class":98},[47,71478,7986],{"class":80},[47,71480,136],{"class":98},[47,71482,7991],{"class":80},[47,71484,136],{"class":98},[47,71486,7986],{"class":80},[47,71488,3828],{"class":98},[47,71490,71491],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71492,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,71494,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,71496,70119],{"class":53},[47,71498,58],{"class":57},[47,71500,4457],{"class":53},[47,71502,445],{"class":98},[47,71504,26440],{"class":102},[47,71506,99],{"class":98},[47,71508,1476],{"class":80},[47,71510,106],{"class":98},[47,71512,71513,71515,71517,71519],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,71514,95],{"class":94},[47,71516,99],{"class":98},[47,71518,70142],{"class":102},[47,71520,106],{"class":98},[47,71522,71523,71525,71527,71529],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71524,95],{"class":94},[47,71526,99],{"class":98},[47,71528,195],{"class":102},[47,71530,106],{"class":98},[20,71532,144],{},[38,71534,71536],{"className":40,"code":71535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71537,71538,71542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71539,71540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71541,71408],{"class":80},[47,71543,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71545,4092],{"class":98},[47,71547,582],{"class":80},[47,71549,136],{"class":98},[47,71551,7991],{"class":80},[47,71553,136],{"class":98},[47,71555,7986],{"class":80},[47,71557,3828],{"class":98},[38,71559,71561],{"className":40,"code":71560,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71562,71563,71587,71591,71605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71564,71565,71567,71569,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579,71581,71583,71585],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71566,3810],{"class":53},[47,71568,58],{"class":57},[47,71570,3815],{"class":98},[47,71572,582],{"class":80},[47,71574,136],{"class":98},[47,71576,7986],{"class":80},[47,71578,136],{"class":98},[47,71580,7991],{"class":80},[47,71582,136],{"class":98},[47,71584,7986],{"class":80},[47,71586,3828],{"class":98},[47,71588,71589],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71590,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,71592,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,71594,195],{"class":53},[47,71596,445],{"class":98},[47,71598,34990],{"class":102},[47,71600,99],{"class":98},[47,71602,15949],{"class":80},[47,71604,106],{"class":98},[47,71606,71607,71609,71611,71613],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,71608,95],{"class":94},[47,71610,99],{"class":98},[47,71612,195],{"class":102},[47,71614,106],{"class":98},[20,71616,144],{},[38,71618,71620],{"className":40,"code":71619,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71621,71622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71623,71624,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71625,4092],{"class":98},[47,71627,582],{"class":80},[47,71629,136],{"class":98},[47,71631,7991],{"class":80},[47,71633,136],{"class":98},[47,71635,7986],{"class":80},[47,71637,3828],{"class":98},[20,71639,71640,71641,71644,71645,445],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71642,71643],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71646,1476],{},[20,71648,56789,71649,71652,71653,445],{},[15,71650,71651],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71654,15949],{},[20,71656,71657,71658,445],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[594,71659,55252],{"href":55251},[33,71661,1595],{"id":1594},[20,71663,71664,71665,420],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71666,12957],{},[187,71668,71669,71672,71675,71681,71685],{},[190,71670,71671],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[190,71673,71674],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[190,71676,37396,71677,8898,71679],{},[15,71678,12957],{},[15,71680,55713],{},[190,71682,1807,71683,62157],{},[15,71684,12957],{},[190,71686,71687],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71689,71690],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[38,71692,71694],{"className":40,"code":71693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71695,71696,71706,71720,71734,71752],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71697,71698,71700,71702,71704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71699,95],{"class":94},[47,71701,99],{"class":98},[47,71703,8533],{"class":102},[47,71705,106],{"class":98},[47,71707,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71709,95],{"class":94},[47,71711,99],{"class":98},[47,71713,11355],{"class":94},[47,71715,99],{"class":98},[47,71717,8533],{"class":102},[47,71719,1796],{"class":98},[47,71721,71722,71724,71726,71728,71730,71732],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,71723,95],{"class":94},[47,71725,99],{"class":98},[47,71727,8533],{"class":102},[47,71729,445],{"class":98},[47,71731,26440],{"class":102},[47,71733,7389],{"class":98},[47,71735,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,71737,95],{"class":94},[47,71739,99],{"class":98},[47,71741,8533],{"class":102},[47,71743,445],{"class":98},[47,71745,26440],{"class":102},[47,71747,99],{"class":98},[47,71749,2321],{"class":80},[47,71751,1796],{"class":98},[47,71753,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,71755,95],{"class":94},[47,71757,99],{"class":98},[47,71759,1922],{"class":1788},[47,71761,99],{"class":98},[47,71763,36041],{"class":102},[47,71765,1796],{"class":98},[20,71767,71768],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[187,71770,71771,71777],{},[190,71772,71773,71776],{},[15,71774,71775],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[190,71778,71779,71782],{},[15,71780,71781],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71784,71785,71786,71789],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71787,71788],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[33,71791,1969],{"id":1968},[447,71793,71795],{"id":71794},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71797,71798,71799,71801],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71800,12957],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[447,71803,71805],{"id":71804},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71807,71808,71810,71811,71813,71814,445],{},[15,71809,12957],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71812,55713],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71815,285],{},[447,71817,71819],{"id":71818},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71821,71822,71823,71826],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71824,71825],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[447,71828,71830],{"id":71829},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71832,71833,71834,71836],{},"Python raises ",[15,71835,70915],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[33,71838,2075],{"id":2074},[187,71840,71841,71845,71850,71855,71860],{},[190,71842,71843],{},[594,71844,55699],{"href":55251},[190,71846,71847],{},[594,71848,71849],{"href":55256},"Python list remove() method",[190,71851,71852],{},[594,71853,71854],{"href":59149},"Python list index() method",[190,71856,71857],{},[594,71858,71859],{"href":51164},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[190,71861,71862],{},[594,71863,69444],{"href":69443},[2110,71865,71866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":71868},[71869,71870,71871,71872,71873,71874,71875,71880,71886,71887,71893],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":70045,"depth":72,"text":70046},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":70354,"depth":72,"text":70355},{"id":70483,"depth":72,"text":70484},{"id":70754,"depth":72,"text":70755},{"id":70901,"depth":72,"text":70902,"children":71876},[71877,71878,71879],{"id":70905,"depth":84,"text":70906},{"id":71043,"depth":84,"text":71044},{"id":71226,"depth":84,"text":71227},{"id":71423,"depth":72,"text":71424,"children":71881},[71882,71884],{"id":71430,"depth":84,"text":71883},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71446,"depth":84,"text":71885},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":71888},[71889,71890,71891,71892],{"id":71794,"depth":84,"text":71795},{"id":71804,"depth":84,"text":71805},{"id":71818,"depth":84,"text":71819},{"id":71829,"depth":84,"text":71830},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69912,"description":71894},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71901,"title":71902,"body":71903,"description":73689,"extension":2167,"meta":73690,"navigation":87,"path":73691,"seo":73692,"stem":73693,"__hash__":73694},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71904,"toc":73671},[71905,71908,71913,71919,71921,71991,71997,72001,72006,72027,72030,72097,72099,72120,72128,72130,72149,72165,72167,72232,72234,72259,72261,72263,72328,72330,72355,72357,72371,72374,72427,72429,72450,72454,72462,72535,72537,72570,72576,72582,72673,72675,72700,72706,72795,72797,72821,72823,72827,72882,72884,72916,72919,72922,73016,73018,73051,73057,73063,73067,73074,73100,73104,73169,73171,73196,73200,73281,73283,73312,73317,73322,73328,73332,73339,73361,73365,73424,73426,73450,73459,73464,73466,73470,73499,73501,73576,73579,73593,73599,73601,73605,73608,73612,73617,73621,73630,73634,73642,73644,73668],[10,71906,71902],{"id":71907},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71909,850,71910,71912],{},[15,71911,55259],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71914,71915,71916,71918],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[280,71917,2668],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[33,71920,36],{"id":35},[38,71922,71924],{"className":40,"code":71923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71925,71926,71958,71976,71986],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,71927,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,71929,7975],{"class":53},[47,71931,58],{"class":57},[47,71933,3815],{"class":98},[47,71935,128],{"class":61},[47,71937,4272],{"class":65},[47,71939,128],{"class":61},[47,71941,136],{"class":98},[47,71943,62],{"class":61},[47,71945,4281],{"class":65},[47,71947,128],{"class":61},[47,71949,136],{"class":98},[47,71951,62],{"class":61},[47,71953,33418],{"class":65},[47,71955,128],{"class":61},[47,71957,3828],{"class":98},[47,71959,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,71961,8006],{"class":53},[47,71963,445],{"class":98},[47,71965,34990],{"class":102},[47,71967,99],{"class":98},[47,71969,128],{"class":61},[47,71971,4281],{"class":65},[47,71973,128],{"class":61},[47,71975,106],{"class":98},[47,71977,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,71979,95],{"class":94},[47,71981,99],{"class":98},[47,71983,8006],{"class":102},[47,71985,106],{"class":98},[47,71987,71988],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,71989,71990],{"class":3857},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71992,167,71993,71996],{},[15,71994,71995],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[33,71998,72000],{"id":71999},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72002,72003,72005],{},[15,72004,55713],{}," is a list method that:",[187,72007,72008,72014,72019,72024],{},[190,72009,72010,72011,72013],{},"Deletes the ",[280,72012,30107],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[190,72015,72016,72017],{},"Changes the original list ",[280,72018,11528],{},[190,72020,1973,72021,72023],{},[280,72022,4826],{}," return a new list",[190,72025,72026],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72028,72029],{},"This is important for beginners:",[38,72031,72033],{"className":40,"code":72032,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72034,72035,72055,72073,72077,72087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72036,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72038,3810],{"class":53},[47,72040,58],{"class":57},[47,72042,3815],{"class":98},[47,72044,1476],{"class":80},[47,72046,136],{"class":98},[47,72048,1562],{"class":80},[47,72050,136],{"class":98},[47,72052,249],{"class":80},[47,72054,3828],{"class":98},[47,72056,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72058,1290],{"class":53},[47,72060,58],{"class":57},[47,72062,4457],{"class":53},[47,72064,445],{"class":98},[47,72066,34990],{"class":102},[47,72068,99],{"class":98},[47,72070,243],{"class":80},[47,72072,106],{"class":98},[47,72074,72075],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72076,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,72078,72079,72081,72083,72085],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,72080,95],{"class":94},[47,72082,99],{"class":98},[47,72084,195],{"class":102},[47,72086,106],{"class":98},[47,72088,72089,72091,72093,72095],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,72090,95],{"class":94},[47,72092,99],{"class":98},[47,72094,1315],{"class":102},[47,72096,106],{"class":98},[20,72098,144],{},[38,72100,72102],{"className":40,"code":72101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72103,72104,72116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72105,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72107,4092],{"class":98},[47,72109,1476],{"class":80},[47,72111,136],{"class":98},[47,72113,249],{"class":80},[47,72115,3828],{"class":98},[47,72117,72118],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72119,1335],{"class":1334},[20,72121,72122,72123,72125,72126,445],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72124,55713],{}," itself returned ",[15,72127,285],{},[33,72129,5626],{"id":5625},[38,72131,72133],{"className":40,"code":72132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72134,72135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72136,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72138,8288],{"class":1788},[47,72140,445],{"class":98},[47,72142,34990],{"class":102},[47,72144,99],{"class":98},[47,72146,2668],{"class":102},[47,72148,106],{"class":98},[187,72150,72151,72156,72159],{},[190,72152,72153,72155],{},[15,72154,2668],{}," is the item you want to delete",[190,72157,72158],{},"Python searches from left to right",[190,72160,72161,72162,72164],{},"Only the ",[280,72163,30107],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72166,204],{},[38,72168,72170],{"className":40,"code":72169,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72171,72172,72204,72222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72173,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72175,36284],{"class":53},[47,72177,58],{"class":57},[47,72179,3815],{"class":98},[47,72181,128],{"class":61},[47,72183,594],{"class":65},[47,72185,128],{"class":61},[47,72187,136],{"class":98},[47,72189,62],{"class":61},[47,72191,4957],{"class":65},[47,72193,128],{"class":61},[47,72195,136],{"class":98},[47,72197,62],{"class":61},[47,72199,9931],{"class":65},[47,72201,128],{"class":61},[47,72203,3828],{"class":98},[47,72205,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72207,36337],{"class":53},[47,72209,445],{"class":98},[47,72211,34990],{"class":102},[47,72213,99],{"class":98},[47,72215,128],{"class":61},[47,72217,4957],{"class":65},[47,72219,128],{"class":61},[47,72221,106],{"class":98},[47,72223,72224,72226,72228,72230],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72225,95],{"class":94},[47,72227,99],{"class":98},[47,72229,36337],{"class":102},[47,72231,106],{"class":98},[20,72233,144],{},[38,72235,72237],{"className":40,"code":72236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72238,72239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72240,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72242,4092],{"class":98},[47,72244,3493],{"class":61},[47,72246,594],{"class":65},[47,72248,3493],{"class":61},[47,72250,136],{"class":98},[47,72252,3488],{"class":61},[47,72254,9931],{"class":65},[47,72256,3493],{"class":61},[47,72258,3828],{"class":98},[33,72260,5982],{"id":5981},[20,72262,65359],{},[38,72264,72266],{"className":40,"code":72265,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72267,72268,72300,72318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72269,72270,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72271,13271],{"class":53},[47,72273,58],{"class":57},[47,72275,3815],{"class":98},[47,72277,128],{"class":61},[47,72279,876],{"class":65},[47,72281,128],{"class":61},[47,72283,136],{"class":98},[47,72285,62],{"class":61},[47,72287,894],{"class":65},[47,72289,128],{"class":61},[47,72291,136],{"class":98},[47,72293,62],{"class":61},[47,72295,885],{"class":65},[47,72297,128],{"class":61},[47,72299,3828],{"class":98},[47,72301,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72303,17698],{"class":53},[47,72305,445],{"class":98},[47,72307,34990],{"class":102},[47,72309,99],{"class":98},[47,72311,128],{"class":61},[47,72313,894],{"class":65},[47,72315,128],{"class":61},[47,72317,106],{"class":98},[47,72319,72320,72322,72324,72326],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72321,95],{"class":94},[47,72323,99],{"class":98},[47,72325,17698],{"class":102},[47,72327,106],{"class":98},[20,72329,144],{},[38,72331,72333],{"className":40,"code":72332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72334,72335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72336,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72338,4092],{"class":98},[47,72340,3493],{"class":61},[47,72342,876],{"class":65},[47,72344,3493],{"class":61},[47,72346,136],{"class":98},[47,72348,3488],{"class":61},[47,72350,885],{"class":65},[47,72352,3493],{"class":61},[47,72354,3828],{"class":98},[20,72356,11879],{},[187,72358,72359,72362,72368],{},[190,72360,72361],{},"A list is created with three values",[190,72363,72364,72367],{},[15,72365,72366],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[190,72369,72370],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72372,72373],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[38,72375,72377],{"className":40,"code":72376,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72378,72379,72403,72417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72380,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72382,5261],{"class":53},[47,72384,58],{"class":57},[47,72386,3815],{"class":98},[47,72388,582],{"class":80},[47,72390,136],{"class":98},[47,72392,7986],{"class":80},[47,72394,136],{"class":98},[47,72396,7991],{"class":80},[47,72398,136],{"class":98},[47,72400,51030],{"class":80},[47,72402,3828],{"class":98},[47,72404,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72406,16584],{"class":53},[47,72408,445],{"class":98},[47,72410,34990],{"class":102},[47,72412,99],{"class":98},[47,72414,37034],{"class":80},[47,72416,106],{"class":98},[47,72418,72419,72421,72423,72425],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72420,95],{"class":94},[47,72422,99],{"class":98},[47,72424,16584],{"class":102},[47,72426,106],{"class":98},[20,72428,144],{},[38,72430,72432],{"className":40,"code":72431,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72433,72434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72435,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72437,4092],{"class":98},[47,72439,582],{"class":80},[47,72441,136],{"class":98},[47,72443,7986],{"class":80},[47,72445,136],{"class":98},[47,72447,51030],{"class":80},[47,72449,3828],{"class":98},[33,72451,72453],{"id":72452},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72455,65349,72456,72458,72459,72461],{},[15,72457,55713],{}," deletes only the ",[280,72460,30107],{}," one.",[38,72463,72465],{"className":40,"code":72464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72466,72467,72507,72525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72468,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72470,7975],{"class":53},[47,72472,58],{"class":57},[47,72474,3815],{"class":98},[47,72476,128],{"class":61},[47,72478,4272],{"class":65},[47,72480,128],{"class":61},[47,72482,136],{"class":98},[47,72484,62],{"class":61},[47,72486,4281],{"class":65},[47,72488,128],{"class":61},[47,72490,136],{"class":98},[47,72492,62],{"class":61},[47,72494,4272],{"class":65},[47,72496,128],{"class":61},[47,72498,136],{"class":98},[47,72500,62],{"class":61},[47,72502,33418],{"class":65},[47,72504,128],{"class":61},[47,72506,3828],{"class":98},[47,72508,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72510,8006],{"class":53},[47,72512,445],{"class":98},[47,72514,34990],{"class":102},[47,72516,99],{"class":98},[47,72518,128],{"class":61},[47,72520,4272],{"class":65},[47,72522,128],{"class":61},[47,72524,106],{"class":98},[47,72526,72527,72529,72531,72533],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72528,95],{"class":94},[47,72530,99],{"class":98},[47,72532,8006],{"class":102},[47,72534,106],{"class":98},[20,72536,144],{},[38,72538,72540],{"className":40,"code":72539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72541,72542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72543,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72545,4092],{"class":98},[47,72547,3493],{"class":61},[47,72549,4281],{"class":65},[47,72551,3493],{"class":61},[47,72553,136],{"class":98},[47,72555,3488],{"class":61},[47,72557,4272],{"class":65},[47,72559,3493],{"class":61},[47,72561,136],{"class":98},[47,72563,3488],{"class":61},[47,72565,33418],{"class":65},[47,72567,3493],{"class":61},[47,72569,3828],{"class":98},[20,72571,72572,72573,72575],{},"Only the first ",[15,72574,58017],{}," was removed.",[20,72577,72578,72579,72581],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72580,55713],{}," again:",[38,72583,72585],{"className":40,"code":72584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72586,72587,72627,72645,72663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72588,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72590,7975],{"class":53},[47,72592,58],{"class":57},[47,72594,3815],{"class":98},[47,72596,128],{"class":61},[47,72598,4272],{"class":65},[47,72600,128],{"class":61},[47,72602,136],{"class":98},[47,72604,62],{"class":61},[47,72606,4281],{"class":65},[47,72608,128],{"class":61},[47,72610,136],{"class":98},[47,72612,62],{"class":61},[47,72614,4272],{"class":65},[47,72616,128],{"class":61},[47,72618,136],{"class":98},[47,72620,62],{"class":61},[47,72622,33418],{"class":65},[47,72624,128],{"class":61},[47,72626,3828],{"class":98},[47,72628,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72630,8006],{"class":53},[47,72632,445],{"class":98},[47,72634,34990],{"class":102},[47,72636,99],{"class":98},[47,72638,128],{"class":61},[47,72640,4272],{"class":65},[47,72642,128],{"class":61},[47,72644,106],{"class":98},[47,72646,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72648,8006],{"class":53},[47,72650,445],{"class":98},[47,72652,34990],{"class":102},[47,72654,99],{"class":98},[47,72656,128],{"class":61},[47,72658,4272],{"class":65},[47,72660,128],{"class":61},[47,72662,106],{"class":98},[47,72664,72665,72667,72669,72671],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,72666,95],{"class":94},[47,72668,99],{"class":98},[47,72670,8006],{"class":102},[47,72672,106],{"class":98},[20,72674,144],{},[38,72676,72678],{"className":40,"code":72677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72679,72680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72681,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72683,4092],{"class":98},[47,72685,3493],{"class":61},[47,72687,4281],{"class":65},[47,72689,3493],{"class":61},[47,72691,136],{"class":98},[47,72693,3488],{"class":61},[47,72695,33418],{"class":65},[47,72697,3493],{"class":61},[47,72699,3828],{"class":98},[20,72701,72702,72703,72705],{},"If you need to remove ",[280,72704,3908],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[38,72707,72709],{"className":40,"code":72708,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72710,72711,72751,72785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72712,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72714,7975],{"class":53},[47,72716,58],{"class":57},[47,72718,3815],{"class":98},[47,72720,128],{"class":61},[47,72722,4272],{"class":65},[47,72724,128],{"class":61},[47,72726,136],{"class":98},[47,72728,62],{"class":61},[47,72730,4281],{"class":65},[47,72732,128],{"class":61},[47,72734,136],{"class":98},[47,72736,62],{"class":61},[47,72738,4272],{"class":65},[47,72740,128],{"class":61},[47,72742,136],{"class":98},[47,72744,62],{"class":61},[47,72746,33418],{"class":65},[47,72748,128],{"class":61},[47,72750,3828],{"class":98},[47,72752,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72770,72772,72774,72777,72779,72781,72783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72754,7975],{"class":53},[47,72756,58],{"class":57},[47,72758,3815],{"class":98},[47,72760,28738],{"class":53},[47,72762,1462],{"class":1461},[47,72764,6155],{"class":53},[47,72766,1468],{"class":1461},[47,72768,72769],{"class":53}," items ",[47,72771,7192],{"class":1461},[47,72773,6155],{"class":53},[47,72775,72776],{"class":57},"!=",[47,72778,62],{"class":61},[47,72780,4272],{"class":65},[47,72782,128],{"class":61},[47,72784,3828],{"class":98},[47,72786,72787,72789,72791,72793],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72788,95],{"class":94},[47,72790,99],{"class":98},[47,72792,8006],{"class":102},[47,72794,106],{"class":98},[20,72796,144],{},[38,72798,72799],{"className":40,"code":72677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,72800,72801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72802,72803,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72804,4092],{"class":98},[47,72806,3493],{"class":61},[47,72808,4281],{"class":65},[47,72810,3493],{"class":61},[47,72812,136],{"class":98},[47,72814,3488],{"class":61},[47,72816,33418],{"class":65},[47,72818,3493],{"class":61},[47,72820,3828],{"class":98},[33,72822,65815],{"id":65814},[20,72824,65818,72825,445],{},[15,72826,40894],{},[38,72828,72830],{"className":40,"code":72829,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72831,72832,72864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72833,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72835,7975],{"class":53},[47,72837,58],{"class":57},[47,72839,3815],{"class":98},[47,72841,128],{"class":61},[47,72843,4272],{"class":65},[47,72845,128],{"class":61},[47,72847,136],{"class":98},[47,72849,62],{"class":61},[47,72851,4281],{"class":65},[47,72853,128],{"class":61},[47,72855,136],{"class":98},[47,72857,62],{"class":61},[47,72859,33418],{"class":65},[47,72861,128],{"class":61},[47,72863,3828],{"class":98},[47,72865,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72867,8006],{"class":53},[47,72869,445],{"class":98},[47,72871,34990],{"class":102},[47,72873,99],{"class":98},[47,72875,128],{"class":61},[47,72877,22730],{"class":65},[47,72879,128],{"class":61},[47,72881,106],{"class":98},[20,72883,144],{},[38,72885,72887],{"className":40,"code":72886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72888,72889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72890,72891,72893,72895,72897,72899,72901,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72892,40894],{"class":1788},[47,72894,420],{"class":98},[47,72896,22757],{"class":1788},[47,72898,445],{"class":98},[47,72900,34990],{"class":102},[47,72902,99],{"class":98},[47,72904,2374],{"class":102},[47,72906,16647],{"class":98},[47,72908,4072],{"class":53},[47,72910,4826],{"class":57},[47,72912,21371],{"class":57},[47,72914,72915],{"class":1788}," list\n",[20,72917,72918],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72920,72921],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[38,72923,72925],{"className":40,"code":72924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72926,72927,72959,72971,72975,72987,73002,73006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,72928,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953,72955,72957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,72930,7975],{"class":53},[47,72932,58],{"class":57},[47,72934,3815],{"class":98},[47,72936,128],{"class":61},[47,72938,4272],{"class":65},[47,72940,128],{"class":61},[47,72942,136],{"class":98},[47,72944,62],{"class":61},[47,72946,4281],{"class":65},[47,72948,128],{"class":61},[47,72950,136],{"class":98},[47,72952,62],{"class":61},[47,72954,33418],{"class":65},[47,72956,128],{"class":61},[47,72958,3828],{"class":98},[47,72960,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,72962,2644],{"class":53},[47,72964,58],{"class":57},[47,72966,62],{"class":61},[47,72968,22730],{"class":65},[47,72970,69],{"class":61},[47,72972,72973],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,72974,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,72976,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,72978,7192],{"class":1461},[47,72980,21782],{"class":53},[47,72982,1468],{"class":57},[47,72984,6160],{"class":53},[47,72986,6586],{"class":98},[47,72988,72989,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,72990,72991],{"class":53},"    items",[47,72993,445],{"class":98},[47,72995,34990],{"class":102},[47,72997,99],{"class":98},[47,72999,2668],{"class":102},[47,73001,106],{"class":98},[47,73003,73004],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,73005,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,73007,73008,73010,73012,73014],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,73009,95],{"class":94},[47,73011,99],{"class":98},[47,73013,8006],{"class":102},[47,73015,106],{"class":98},[20,73017,144],{},[38,73019,73021],{"className":40,"code":73020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73022,73023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73024,73025,73027,73029,73031,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73026,4092],{"class":98},[47,73028,3493],{"class":61},[47,73030,4272],{"class":65},[47,73032,3493],{"class":61},[47,73034,136],{"class":98},[47,73036,3488],{"class":61},[47,73038,4281],{"class":65},[47,73040,3493],{"class":61},[47,73042,136],{"class":98},[47,73044,3488],{"class":61},[47,73046,33418],{"class":65},[47,73048,3493],{"class":61},[47,73050,3828],{"class":98},[20,73052,73053,73054,73056],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73055,55713],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73058,73059,73060,445],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[594,73061,66024],{"href":73062},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[33,73064,73066],{"id":73065},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73068,73069,839,73071,73073],{},[15,73070,55713],{},[15,73072,12957],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[187,73075,73076,73083,73089,73095],{},[190,73077,73078,73080,73081],{},[15,73079,55713],{}," deletes by ",[280,73082,2668],{},[190,73084,73085,73080,73087],{},[15,73086,12957],{},[280,73088,36041],{},[190,73090,73091,1270,73093],{},[15,73092,55713],{},[15,73094,285],{},[190,73096,73097,73099],{},[15,73098,12957],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73101,46228,73102,420],{},[15,73103,55713],{},[38,73105,73107],{"className":40,"code":73106,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73108,73109,73141,73159],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73110,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73112,7975],{"class":53},[47,73114,58],{"class":57},[47,73116,3815],{"class":98},[47,73118,128],{"class":61},[47,73120,4272],{"class":65},[47,73122,128],{"class":61},[47,73124,136],{"class":98},[47,73126,62],{"class":61},[47,73128,4281],{"class":65},[47,73130,128],{"class":61},[47,73132,136],{"class":98},[47,73134,62],{"class":61},[47,73136,33418],{"class":65},[47,73138,128],{"class":61},[47,73140,3828],{"class":98},[47,73142,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73144,8006],{"class":53},[47,73146,445],{"class":98},[47,73148,34990],{"class":102},[47,73150,99],{"class":98},[47,73152,128],{"class":61},[47,73154,4281],{"class":65},[47,73156,128],{"class":61},[47,73158,106],{"class":98},[47,73160,73161,73163,73165,73167],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,73162,95],{"class":94},[47,73164,99],{"class":98},[47,73166,8006],{"class":102},[47,73168,106],{"class":98},[20,73170,144],{},[38,73172,73174],{"className":40,"code":73173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73175,73176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73177,73178,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73179,4092],{"class":98},[47,73181,3493],{"class":61},[47,73183,4272],{"class":65},[47,73185,3493],{"class":61},[47,73187,136],{"class":98},[47,73189,3488],{"class":61},[47,73191,33418],{"class":65},[47,73193,3493],{"class":61},[47,73195,3828],{"class":98},[20,73197,46228,73198,420],{},[15,73199,12957],{},[38,73201,73203],{"className":40,"code":73202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73204,73205,73237,73256,73260,73270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73206,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73208,7975],{"class":53},[47,73210,58],{"class":57},[47,73212,3815],{"class":98},[47,73214,128],{"class":61},[47,73216,4272],{"class":65},[47,73218,128],{"class":61},[47,73220,136],{"class":98},[47,73222,62],{"class":61},[47,73224,4281],{"class":65},[47,73226,128],{"class":61},[47,73228,136],{"class":98},[47,73230,62],{"class":61},[47,73232,33418],{"class":65},[47,73234,128],{"class":61},[47,73236,3828],{"class":98},[47,73238,73239,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73240,73241],{"class":53},"removed_item ",[47,73243,58],{"class":57},[47,73245,6160],{"class":53},[47,73247,445],{"class":98},[47,73249,26440],{"class":102},[47,73251,99],{"class":98},[47,73253,1476],{"class":80},[47,73255,106],{"class":98},[47,73257,73258],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,73259,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,73261,73262,73264,73266,73268],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,73263,95],{"class":94},[47,73265,99],{"class":98},[47,73267,8006],{"class":102},[47,73269,106],{"class":98},[47,73271,73272,73274,73276,73279],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,73273,95],{"class":94},[47,73275,99],{"class":98},[47,73277,73278],{"class":102},"removed_item",[47,73280,106],{"class":98},[20,73282,144],{},[38,73284,73286],{"className":40,"code":73285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73287,73288,73308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73289,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73291,4092],{"class":98},[47,73293,3493],{"class":61},[47,73295,4272],{"class":65},[47,73297,3493],{"class":61},[47,73299,136],{"class":98},[47,73301,3488],{"class":61},[47,73303,33418],{"class":65},[47,73305,3493],{"class":61},[47,73307,3828],{"class":98},[47,73309,73310],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73311,70590],{"class":53},[20,73313,167,73314,73316],{},[15,73315,55713],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73318,167,73319,73321],{},[15,73320,12957],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73323,73324,73325,445],{},"For more detail, see the ",[594,73326,73327],{"href":55263},"Python list pop() method",[33,73329,73331],{"id":73330},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73333,73334,839,73336,73338],{},[15,73335,55713],{},[15,73337,27224],{}," are also different.",[187,73340,73341,73346,73351,73356],{},[190,73342,73343,73345],{},[15,73344,55713],{}," deletes by matching value",[190,73347,73348,73350],{},[15,73349,27224],{}," deletes by index or slice",[190,73352,167,73353,73355],{},[15,73354,27224],{}," when you know the position",[190,73357,167,73358,73360],{},[15,73359,55713],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73362,46228,73363,420],{},[15,73364,27224],{},[38,73366,73368],{"className":40,"code":73367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73369,73370,73402,73414],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73371,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73373,7975],{"class":53},[47,73375,58],{"class":57},[47,73377,3815],{"class":98},[47,73379,128],{"class":61},[47,73381,4272],{"class":65},[47,73383,128],{"class":61},[47,73385,136],{"class":98},[47,73387,62],{"class":61},[47,73389,4281],{"class":65},[47,73391,128],{"class":61},[47,73393,136],{"class":98},[47,73395,62],{"class":61},[47,73397,33418],{"class":65},[47,73399,128],{"class":61},[47,73401,3828],{"class":98},[47,73403,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73405,27224],{"class":1461},[47,73407,6160],{"class":53},[47,73409,4092],{"class":98},[47,73411,1476],{"class":80},[47,73413,3828],{"class":98},[47,73415,73416,73418,73420,73422],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,73417,95],{"class":94},[47,73419,99],{"class":98},[47,73421,8006],{"class":102},[47,73423,106],{"class":98},[20,73425,144],{},[38,73427,73428],{"className":40,"code":73173,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,73429,73430],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73431,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73433,4092],{"class":98},[47,73435,3493],{"class":61},[47,73437,4272],{"class":65},[47,73439,3493],{"class":61},[47,73441,136],{"class":98},[47,73443,3488],{"class":61},[47,73445,33418],{"class":65},[47,73447,3493],{"class":61},[47,73449,3828],{"class":98},[20,73451,73452,73453,73455,73456,73458],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73454,1476],{},", not the value ",[15,73457,65459],{}," directly.",[20,73460,73461,73462,445],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[594,73463,55252],{"href":55251},[33,73465,1595],{"id":1594},[20,73467,21409,73468,420],{},[15,73469,55713],{},[187,73471,73472,73475,73480,73487,73496],{},[190,73473,73474],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[190,73476,1807,73477,73479],{},[15,73478,55713],{}," to delete all matching values",[190,73481,12789,73482,73484,73485],{},[15,73483,55713],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73486,285],{},[190,73488,1654,73489,44820,73491,3072,73493,73495],{},[15,73490,55713],{},[15,73492,12957],{},[15,73494,27224],{}," would be a better fit",[190,73497,73498],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73500,71690],{},[38,73502,73504],{"className":40,"code":73503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73505,73506,73516,73530,73548,73562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73507,73508,73510,73512,73514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73509,95],{"class":94},[47,73511,99],{"class":98},[47,73513,8533],{"class":102},[47,73515,106],{"class":98},[47,73517,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73519,95],{"class":94},[47,73521,99],{"class":98},[47,73523,2644],{"class":102},[47,73525,1468],{"class":1461},[47,73527,8589],{"class":102},[47,73529,106],{"class":98},[47,73531,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,73533,95],{"class":94},[47,73535,99],{"class":98},[47,73537,8533],{"class":102},[47,73539,445],{"class":98},[47,73541,41449],{"class":102},[47,73543,99],{"class":98},[47,73545,2668],{"class":102},[47,73547,1796],{"class":98},[47,73549,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,73551,95],{"class":94},[47,73553,99],{"class":98},[47,73555,1922],{"class":1788},[47,73557,99],{"class":98},[47,73559,8533],{"class":102},[47,73561,1796],{"class":98},[47,73563,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,73565,1934],{"class":94},[47,73567,99],{"class":98},[47,73569,8288],{"class":1788},[47,73571,445],{"class":98},[47,73573,34990],{"class":24948},[47,73575,106],{"class":98},[20,73577,73578],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[187,73580,73581,73584,73587,73590],{},[190,73582,73583],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[190,73585,73586],{},"How many times does it appear?",[190,73588,73589],{},"Am I working with a list?",[190,73591,73592],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73594,73595,73596,73598],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[594,73597,71854],{"href":59149}," may also help.",[33,73600,1969],{"id":1968},[447,73602,73604],{"id":73603},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73606,73607],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[447,73609,73611],{"id":73610},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73613,5345,73614,73616],{},[15,73615,285],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[447,73618,73620],{"id":73619},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73622,73623,73624,73627,73628,445],{},"Check with ",[15,73625,73626],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73629,55713],{},[447,73631,73633],{"id":73632},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73635,167,73636,73638,73639,73641],{},[15,73637,55713],{}," for a value and ",[15,73640,12957],{}," for an index.",[33,73643,2075],{"id":2074},[187,73645,73646,73650,73654,73658,73662],{},[190,73647,73648],{},[594,73649,55699],{"href":55251},[190,73651,73652],{},[594,73653,73327],{"href":55263},[190,73655,73656],{},[594,73657,71854],{"href":59149},[190,73659,73660],{},[594,73661,66024],{"href":73062},[190,73663,73664],{},[594,73665,73667],{"href":73666},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2110,73669,73670],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":73672},[73673,73674,73675,73676,73677,73678,73679,73680,73681,73682,73688],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":71999,"depth":72,"text":72000},{"id":5625,"depth":72,"text":5626},{"id":5981,"depth":72,"text":5982},{"id":72452,"depth":72,"text":72453},{"id":65814,"depth":72,"text":65815},{"id":73065,"depth":72,"text":73066},{"id":73330,"depth":72,"text":73331},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":73683},[73684,73685,73686,73687],{"id":73603,"depth":84,"text":73604},{"id":73610,"depth":84,"text":73611},{"id":73619,"depth":84,"text":73620},{"id":73632,"depth":84,"text":73633},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71902,"description":73689},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73696,"title":73697,"body":73698,"description":75589,"extension":2167,"meta":75590,"navigation":87,"path":75591,"seo":75592,"stem":75593,"__hash__":75594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73699,"toc":75559},[73700,73706,73712,73715,73726,73728,73777,73782,73787,73791,73806,73808,73873,73875,73916,73918,73920,73935,73937,73948,73950,74007,74009,74042,74044,74047,74096,74098,74123,74125,74141,74147,74154,74215,74217,74250,74255,74258,74338,74340,74401,74407,74411,74414,74478,74480,74505,74507,74527,74529,74578,74580,74601,74610,74613,74617,74622,74667,74669,74690,74696,74701,74709,74773,74775,74812,74818,74822,74829,74894,74896,74933,74937,74954,74964,74969,74974,74985,74992,74994,75000,75023,75026,75053,75058,75061,75162,75164,75219,75222,75329,75331,75402,75405,75431,75433,75438,75442,75450,75455,75460,75466,75471,75475,75478,75495,75498,75518,75526,75528,75556],[10,73701,54526,73703,11516],{"id":73702},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73704,73705],{},"reverse()",[20,73707,73708,73711],{},[15,73709,73710],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73713,73714],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73716,73717,73718,73720,73721,73725],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73719,73705],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[594,73722,73724],{"href":73723},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[33,73727,3800],{"id":3799},[38,73729,73731],{"className":40,"code":73730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73732,73733,73753,73764],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73734,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73736,3810],{"class":53},[47,73738,58],{"class":57},[47,73740,3815],{"class":98},[47,73742,1476],{"class":80},[47,73744,136],{"class":98},[47,73746,1562],{"class":80},[47,73748,136],{"class":98},[47,73750,249],{"class":80},[47,73752,3828],{"class":98},[47,73754,73755,73757,73759,73762],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73756,195],{"class":53},[47,73758,445],{"class":98},[47,73760,73761],{"class":102},"reverse",[47,73763,8836],{"class":98},[47,73765,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,73767,95],{"class":94},[47,73769,99],{"class":98},[47,73771,195],{"class":102},[47,73773,3854],{"class":98},[47,73775,73776],{"class":3857},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73778,73779,73781],{},[15,73780,73705],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[33,73783,174,73785,177],{"id":73784},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73786,73710],{},[20,73788,73789,420],{},[15,73790,73710],{},[187,73792,73793,73796,73799,73803],{},[190,73794,73795],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[190,73797,73798],{},"Changes the original list directly",[190,73800,11618,73801],{},[15,73802,285],{},[190,73804,73805],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73807,204],{},[38,73809,73811],{"className":40,"code":73810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73812,73813,73853,73863],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73814,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73816,36284],{"class":53},[47,73818,58],{"class":57},[47,73820,3815],{"class":98},[47,73822,128],{"class":61},[47,73824,594],{"class":65},[47,73826,128],{"class":61},[47,73828,136],{"class":98},[47,73830,62],{"class":61},[47,73832,4957],{"class":65},[47,73834,128],{"class":61},[47,73836,136],{"class":98},[47,73838,62],{"class":61},[47,73840,9931],{"class":65},[47,73842,128],{"class":61},[47,73844,136],{"class":98},[47,73846,62],{"class":61},[47,73848,18964],{"class":65},[47,73850,128],{"class":61},[47,73852,3828],{"class":98},[47,73854,73855,73857,73859,73861],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73856,36337],{"class":53},[47,73858,445],{"class":98},[47,73860,73761],{"class":102},[47,73862,8836],{"class":98},[47,73864,73865,73867,73869,73871],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,73866,95],{"class":94},[47,73868,99],{"class":98},[47,73870,36337],{"class":102},[47,73872,106],{"class":98},[20,73874,144],{},[38,73876,73878],{"className":40,"code":73877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73879,73880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73881,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892,73894,73896,73898,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73883,4092],{"class":98},[47,73885,3493],{"class":61},[47,73887,18964],{"class":65},[47,73889,3493],{"class":61},[47,73891,136],{"class":98},[47,73893,3488],{"class":61},[47,73895,9931],{"class":65},[47,73897,3493],{"class":61},[47,73899,136],{"class":98},[47,73901,3488],{"class":61},[47,73903,4957],{"class":65},[47,73905,3493],{"class":61},[47,73907,136],{"class":98},[47,73909,3488],{"class":61},[47,73911,594],{"class":65},[47,73913,3493],{"class":61},[47,73915,3828],{"class":98},[33,73917,290],{"id":289},[20,73919,2360],{},[38,73921,73923],{"className":40,"code":73922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73924,73925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73926,73927,73929,73931,73933],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73928,8533],{"class":53},[47,73930,445],{"class":98},[47,73932,73761],{"class":102},[47,73934,8836],{"class":98},[20,73936,13247],{},[187,73938,73939,73942,73945],{},[190,73940,73941],{},"No arguments are needed",[190,73943,73944],{},"You call it on an existing list",[190,73946,73947],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73949,204],{},[38,73951,73953],{"className":40,"code":73952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73954,73955,73987,73997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,73956,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,73958,13271],{"class":53},[47,73960,58],{"class":57},[47,73962,3815],{"class":98},[47,73964,128],{"class":61},[47,73966,876],{"class":65},[47,73968,128],{"class":61},[47,73970,136],{"class":98},[47,73972,62],{"class":61},[47,73974,885],{"class":65},[47,73976,128],{"class":61},[47,73978,136],{"class":98},[47,73980,62],{"class":61},[47,73982,894],{"class":65},[47,73984,128],{"class":61},[47,73986,3828],{"class":98},[47,73988,73989,73991,73993,73995],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,73990,17698],{"class":53},[47,73992,445],{"class":98},[47,73994,73761],{"class":102},[47,73996,8836],{"class":98},[47,73998,73999,74001,74003,74005],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74000,95],{"class":94},[47,74002,99],{"class":98},[47,74004,17698],{"class":102},[47,74006,106],{"class":98},[20,74008,144],{},[38,74010,74012],{"className":40,"code":74011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74013,74014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74017,4092],{"class":98},[47,74019,3493],{"class":61},[47,74021,894],{"class":65},[47,74023,3493],{"class":61},[47,74025,136],{"class":98},[47,74027,3488],{"class":61},[47,74029,885],{"class":65},[47,74031,3493],{"class":61},[47,74033,136],{"class":98},[47,74035,3488],{"class":61},[47,74037,876],{"class":65},[47,74039,3493],{"class":61},[47,74041,3828],{"class":98},[33,74043,11670],{"id":11669},[20,74045,74046],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[38,74048,74050],{"className":40,"code":74049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74051,74052,74076,74086],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74053,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74055,3810],{"class":53},[47,74057,58],{"class":57},[47,74059,3815],{"class":98},[47,74061,582],{"class":80},[47,74063,136],{"class":98},[47,74065,7986],{"class":80},[47,74067,136],{"class":98},[47,74069,7991],{"class":80},[47,74071,136],{"class":98},[47,74073,51030],{"class":80},[47,74075,3828],{"class":98},[47,74077,74078,74080,74082,74084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74079,195],{"class":53},[47,74081,445],{"class":98},[47,74083,73761],{"class":102},[47,74085,8836],{"class":98},[47,74087,74088,74090,74092,74094],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74089,95],{"class":94},[47,74091,99],{"class":98},[47,74093,195],{"class":102},[47,74095,106],{"class":98},[20,74097,144],{},[38,74099,74101],{"className":40,"code":74100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74102,74103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74104,74105,74107,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74106,4092],{"class":98},[47,74108,56877],{"class":80},[47,74110,136],{"class":98},[47,74112,7991],{"class":80},[47,74114,136],{"class":98},[47,74116,7986],{"class":80},[47,74118,136],{"class":98},[47,74120,373],{"class":80},[47,74122,3828],{"class":98},[20,74124,11879],{},[187,74126,74127,74133,74138],{},[190,74128,74129,74130],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74131,74132],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[190,74134,74135,74137],{},[15,74136,73705],{}," flips the order",[190,74139,74140],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[33,74142,74144,74146],{"id":74143},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74145,73705],{}," changes the original list",[20,74148,74149,74150,74153],{},"This method is ",[280,74151,74152],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[38,74155,74157],{"className":40,"code":74156,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74158,74159,74191,74201,74205],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74160,74161,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74162,36433],{"class":53},[47,74164,58],{"class":57},[47,74166,3815],{"class":98},[47,74168,128],{"class":61},[47,74170,4272],{"class":65},[47,74172,128],{"class":61},[47,74174,136],{"class":98},[47,74176,62],{"class":61},[47,74178,4281],{"class":65},[47,74180,128],{"class":61},[47,74182,136],{"class":98},[47,74184,62],{"class":61},[47,74186,4290],{"class":65},[47,74188,128],{"class":61},[47,74190,3828],{"class":98},[47,74192,74193,74195,74197,74199],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74194,36485],{"class":53},[47,74196,445],{"class":98},[47,74198,73761],{"class":102},[47,74200,8836],{"class":98},[47,74202,74203],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74204,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,74206,74207,74209,74211,74213],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,74208,95],{"class":94},[47,74210,99],{"class":98},[47,74212,36485],{"class":102},[47,74214,106],{"class":98},[20,74216,144],{},[38,74218,74220],{"className":40,"code":74219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74221,74222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74223,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74225,4092],{"class":98},[47,74227,3493],{"class":61},[47,74229,4290],{"class":65},[47,74231,3493],{"class":61},[47,74233,136],{"class":98},[47,74235,3488],{"class":61},[47,74237,4281],{"class":65},[47,74239,3493],{"class":61},[47,74241,136],{"class":98},[47,74243,3488],{"class":61},[47,74245,4272],{"class":65},[47,74247,3493],{"class":61},[47,74249,3828],{"class":98},[20,74251,167,74252,74254],{},[15,74253,73705],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74256,74257],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[38,74259,74261],{"className":40,"code":74260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74262,74263,74295,74313,74317,74327],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74264,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289,74291,74293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74266,36433],{"class":53},[47,74268,58],{"class":57},[47,74270,3815],{"class":98},[47,74272,128],{"class":61},[47,74274,4272],{"class":65},[47,74276,128],{"class":61},[47,74278,136],{"class":98},[47,74280,62],{"class":61},[47,74282,4281],{"class":65},[47,74284,128],{"class":61},[47,74286,136],{"class":98},[47,74288,62],{"class":61},[47,74290,4290],{"class":65},[47,74292,128],{"class":61},[47,74294,3828],{"class":98},[47,74296,74297,74300,74302,74304,74307,74309,74311],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74298,74299],{"class":53},"reversed_fruits ",[47,74301,58],{"class":57},[47,74303,53036],{"class":53},[47,74305,74306],{"class":98},"[::",[47,74308,1033],{"class":57},[47,74310,1476],{"class":80},[47,74312,3828],{"class":98},[47,74314,74315],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74316,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,74320,95],{"class":94},[47,74322,99],{"class":98},[47,74324,36485],{"class":102},[47,74326,106],{"class":98},[47,74328,74329,74331,74333,74336],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74330,95],{"class":94},[47,74332,99],{"class":98},[47,74334,74335],{"class":102},"reversed_fruits",[47,74337,106],{"class":98},[20,74339,144],{},[38,74341,74343],{"className":40,"code":74342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74344,74345,74373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74346,74347,74349,74351,74353,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74348,4092],{"class":98},[47,74350,3493],{"class":61},[47,74352,4272],{"class":65},[47,74354,3493],{"class":61},[47,74356,136],{"class":98},[47,74358,3488],{"class":61},[47,74360,4281],{"class":65},[47,74362,3493],{"class":61},[47,74364,136],{"class":98},[47,74366,3488],{"class":61},[47,74368,4290],{"class":65},[47,74370,3493],{"class":61},[47,74372,3828],{"class":98},[47,74374,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393,74395,74397,74399],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74376,4092],{"class":98},[47,74378,3493],{"class":61},[47,74380,4290],{"class":65},[47,74382,3493],{"class":61},[47,74384,136],{"class":98},[47,74386,3488],{"class":61},[47,74388,4281],{"class":65},[47,74390,3493],{"class":61},[47,74392,136],{"class":98},[47,74394,3488],{"class":61},[47,74396,4272],{"class":65},[47,74398,3493],{"class":61},[47,74400,3828],{"class":98},[20,74402,74403,74404,445],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[594,74405,74406],{"href":73723},"Python list slicing explained",[33,74408,74410],{"id":74409},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74412,74413],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[38,74415,74417],{"className":40,"code":74416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74418,74419,74439,74453,74457,74468],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74420,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74422,3810],{"class":53},[47,74424,58],{"class":57},[47,74426,3815],{"class":98},[47,74428,1476],{"class":80},[47,74430,136],{"class":98},[47,74432,1562],{"class":80},[47,74434,136],{"class":98},[47,74436,249],{"class":80},[47,74438,3828],{"class":98},[47,74440,74441,74443,74445,74447,74449,74451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74442,56074],{"class":53},[47,74444,58],{"class":57},[47,74446,4457],{"class":53},[47,74448,445],{"class":98},[47,74450,73761],{"class":102},[47,74452,8836],{"class":98},[47,74454,74455],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74456,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,74458,74459,74461,74463,74466],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,74460,95],{"class":94},[47,74462,99],{"class":98},[47,74464,74465],{"class":102},"new_list",[47,74467,106],{"class":98},[47,74469,74470,74472,74474,74476],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74471,95],{"class":94},[47,74473,99],{"class":98},[47,74475,195],{"class":102},[47,74477,106],{"class":98},[20,74479,144],{},[38,74481,74483],{"className":40,"code":74482,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74484,74485,74489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74486,74487],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74488,1335],{"class":1334},[47,74490,74491,74493,74495,74497,74499,74501,74503],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74492,4092],{"class":98},[47,74494,2263],{"class":80},[47,74496,136],{"class":98},[47,74498,1562],{"class":80},[47,74500,136],{"class":98},[47,74502,1545],{"class":80},[47,74504,3828],{"class":98},[20,74506,12095],{},[187,74508,74509,74517,74521],{},[190,74510,74511,74513,74514,74516],{},[15,74512,73705],{}," changes ",[15,74515,195],{}," directly",[190,74518,41096,74519,72023],{},[280,74520,4826],{},[190,74522,53838,74523,42345,74525],{},[15,74524,74465],{},[15,74526,285],{},[20,74528,62083],{},[38,74530,74532],{"className":40,"code":74531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74533,74534,74554,74564,74568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74535,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546,74548,74550,74552],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74537,3810],{"class":53},[47,74539,58],{"class":57},[47,74541,3815],{"class":98},[47,74543,1476],{"class":80},[47,74545,136],{"class":98},[47,74547,1562],{"class":80},[47,74549,136],{"class":98},[47,74551,249],{"class":80},[47,74553,3828],{"class":98},[47,74555,74556,74558,74560,74562],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74557,195],{"class":53},[47,74559,445],{"class":98},[47,74561,73761],{"class":102},[47,74563,8836],{"class":98},[47,74565,74566],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74567,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,74569,74570,74572,74574,74576],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,74571,95],{"class":94},[47,74573,99],{"class":98},[47,74575,195],{"class":102},[47,74577,106],{"class":98},[20,74579,144],{},[38,74581,74583],{"className":40,"code":74582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74584,74585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74586,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74588,4092],{"class":98},[47,74590,2263],{"class":80},[47,74592,136],{"class":98},[47,74594,1562],{"class":80},[47,74596,136],{"class":98},[47,74598,1545],{"class":80},[47,74600,3828],{"class":98},[33,74602,74604,10778,74606,74609],{"id":74603},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74605,73705],{},[15,74607,74608],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74611,74612],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[447,74614,74615],{"id":73761},[15,74616,73705],{},[20,74618,74619,74621],{},[15,74620,73705],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[38,74623,74625],{"className":40,"code":74624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74626,74627,74647,74657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643,74645],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74630,3810],{"class":53},[47,74632,58],{"class":57},[47,74634,3815],{"class":98},[47,74636,2263],{"class":80},[47,74638,136],{"class":98},[47,74640,1545],{"class":80},[47,74642,136],{"class":98},[47,74644,1562],{"class":80},[47,74646,3828],{"class":98},[47,74648,74649,74651,74653,74655],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74650,195],{"class":53},[47,74652,445],{"class":98},[47,74654,73761],{"class":102},[47,74656,8836],{"class":98},[47,74658,74659,74661,74663,74665],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74660,95],{"class":94},[47,74662,99],{"class":98},[47,74664,195],{"class":102},[47,74666,106],{"class":98},[20,74668,144],{},[38,74670,74672],{"className":40,"code":74671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74673,74674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74675,74676,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74677,4092],{"class":98},[47,74679,243],{"class":80},[47,74681,136],{"class":98},[47,74683,1545],{"class":80},[47,74685,136],{"class":98},[47,74687,249],{"class":80},[47,74689,3828],{"class":98},[20,74691,74692,74693,74695],{},"Notice that this is ",[280,74694,4826],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[447,74697,74699],{"id":74698},"sorted",[15,74700,74608],{},[20,74702,74703,74708],{},[594,74704,74706],{"href":74705},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74707,74608],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[38,74710,74712],{"className":40,"code":74711,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74713,74714,74734,74749,74753,74763],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74715,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730,74732],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74717,3810],{"class":53},[47,74719,58],{"class":57},[47,74721,3815],{"class":98},[47,74723,2263],{"class":80},[47,74725,136],{"class":98},[47,74727,1545],{"class":80},[47,74729,136],{"class":98},[47,74731,1562],{"class":80},[47,74733,3828],{"class":98},[47,74735,74736,74738,74740,74743,74745,74747],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74737,1290],{"class":53},[47,74739,58],{"class":57},[47,74741,74742],{"class":94}," sorted",[47,74744,99],{"class":98},[47,74746,195],{"class":102},[47,74748,106],{"class":98},[47,74750,74751],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74752,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,74754,74755,74757,74759,74761],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,74756,95],{"class":94},[47,74758,99],{"class":98},[47,74760,195],{"class":102},[47,74762,106],{"class":98},[47,74764,74765,74767,74769,74771],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74766,95],{"class":94},[47,74768,99],{"class":98},[47,74770,1315],{"class":102},[47,74772,106],{"class":98},[20,74774,144],{},[38,74776,74778],{"className":40,"code":74777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74779,74780,74796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74781,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790,74792,74794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74783,4092],{"class":98},[47,74785,2263],{"class":80},[47,74787,136],{"class":98},[47,74789,1545],{"class":80},[47,74791,136],{"class":98},[47,74793,1562],{"class":80},[47,74795,3828],{"class":98},[47,74797,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74799,4092],{"class":98},[47,74801,1476],{"class":80},[47,74803,136],{"class":98},[47,74805,1562],{"class":80},[47,74807,136],{"class":98},[47,74809,249],{"class":80},[47,74811,3828],{"class":98},[20,74813,74814,74815,445],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74816,74817],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[447,74819,74821],{"id":74820},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74823,74824,74825,74828],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74826,74827],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[38,74830,74832],{"className":40,"code":74831,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74833,74834,74854,74870,74874,74884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74835,74836,74838,74840,74842,74844,74846,74848,74850,74852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74837,3810],{"class":53},[47,74839,58],{"class":57},[47,74841,3815],{"class":98},[47,74843,2263],{"class":80},[47,74845,136],{"class":98},[47,74847,1545],{"class":80},[47,74849,136],{"class":98},[47,74851,1562],{"class":80},[47,74853,3828],{"class":98},[47,74855,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74857,1290],{"class":53},[47,74859,58],{"class":57},[47,74861,4457],{"class":53},[47,74863,74306],{"class":98},[47,74865,1033],{"class":57},[47,74867,1476],{"class":80},[47,74869,3828],{"class":98},[47,74871,74872],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,74873,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,74875,74876,74878,74880,74882],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,74877,95],{"class":94},[47,74879,99],{"class":98},[47,74881,195],{"class":102},[47,74883,106],{"class":98},[47,74885,74886,74888,74890,74892],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,74887,95],{"class":94},[47,74889,99],{"class":98},[47,74891,1315],{"class":102},[47,74893,106],{"class":98},[20,74895,144],{},[38,74897,74899],{"className":40,"code":74898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74900,74901,74917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,74902,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911,74913,74915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,74904,4092],{"class":98},[47,74906,2263],{"class":80},[47,74908,136],{"class":98},[47,74910,1545],{"class":80},[47,74912,136],{"class":98},[47,74914,1562],{"class":80},[47,74916,3828],{"class":98},[47,74918,74919,74921,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,74920,4092],{"class":98},[47,74922,243],{"class":80},[47,74924,136],{"class":98},[47,74926,1545],{"class":80},[47,74928,136],{"class":98},[47,74930,249],{"class":80},[47,74932,3828],{"class":98},[447,74934,74936],{"id":74935},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[187,74938,74939,74944,74949],{},[190,74940,167,74941,74943],{},[15,74942,73705],{}," when you want to change the original list",[190,74945,167,74946,74948],{},[15,74947,74827],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[190,74950,167,74951,74953],{},[15,74952,74608],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74955,74956,74957,74963],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[594,74958,74960,74961,10934],{"href":74959},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74962,64497],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[33,74965,5158,74967],{"id":74966},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74968,73705],{},[20,74970,74971,74973],{},[15,74972,73705],{}," is a good choice:",[187,74975,74976,74979,74982],{},[190,74977,74978],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[190,74980,74981],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[190,74983,74984],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74986,74987,74988,445],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[594,74989,74991],{"href":74990},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[33,74993,1595],{"id":1594},[20,74995,74996,74997,74999],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74998,73705],{}," for these reasons:",[187,75001,75002,75006,75011,75016],{},[190,75003,12789,75004,12792],{},[15,75005,73705],{},[190,75007,1807,75008,75010],{},[15,75009,73705],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[190,75012,1654,75013,75015],{},[15,75014,73705],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[190,75017,37396,75018,8898,75020],{},[15,75019,73705],{},[15,75021,75022],{},"reversed()",[20,75024,75025],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[38,75027,75029],{"className":40,"code":75028,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75030,75031,75043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75032,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75034,34884],{"class":53},[47,75036,58],{"class":57},[47,75038,62],{"class":61},[47,75040,4038],{"class":65},[47,75042,69],{"class":61},[47,75044,75045,75047,75049,75051],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75046,192],{"class":53},[47,75048,445],{"class":98},[47,75050,73761],{"class":102},[47,75052,8836],{"class":98},[20,75054,75055,75056,33798],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75057,73705],{},[20,75059,75060],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[38,75062,75064],{"className":40,"code":75063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75065,75066,75086,75090,75100,75114,75118,75132,75142,75146],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75067,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75069,8502],{"class":53},[47,75071,58],{"class":57},[47,75073,3815],{"class":98},[47,75075,1476],{"class":80},[47,75077,136],{"class":98},[47,75079,1562],{"class":80},[47,75081,136],{"class":98},[47,75083,249],{"class":80},[47,75085,3828],{"class":98},[47,75087,75088],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75089,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,75093,95],{"class":94},[47,75095,99],{"class":98},[47,75097,8533],{"class":102},[47,75099,106],{"class":98},[47,75101,75102,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,75103,95],{"class":94},[47,75105,99],{"class":98},[47,75107,1922],{"class":1788},[47,75109,99],{"class":98},[47,75111,8533],{"class":102},[47,75113,1796],{"class":98},[47,75115,75116],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75117,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,75119,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,75121,1290],{"class":53},[47,75123,58],{"class":57},[47,75125,8589],{"class":53},[47,75127,445],{"class":98},[47,75129,73761],{"class":102},[47,75131,8836],{"class":98},[47,75133,75134,75136,75138,75140],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,75135,95],{"class":94},[47,75137,99],{"class":98},[47,75139,1315],{"class":102},[47,75141,106],{"class":98},[47,75143,75144],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,75145,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,75147,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,75149,95],{"class":94},[47,75151,99],{"class":98},[47,75153,8533],{"class":102},[47,75155,74306],{"class":98},[47,75157,1033],{"class":57},[47,75159,1476],{"class":80},[47,75161,4080],{"class":98},[20,75163,144],{},[38,75165,75167],{"className":40,"code":75166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75168,75169,75185,75199,75203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75170,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179,75181,75183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75172,4092],{"class":98},[47,75174,1476],{"class":80},[47,75176,136],{"class":98},[47,75178,1562],{"class":80},[47,75180,136],{"class":98},[47,75182,249],{"class":80},[47,75184,3828],{"class":98},[47,75186,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75188,3482],{"class":57},[47,75190,3485],{"class":2266},[47,75192,3488],{"class":61},[47,75194,8288],{"class":65},[47,75196,3493],{"class":61},[47,75198,3496],{"class":57},[47,75200,75201],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,75202,1335],{"class":1334},[47,75204,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,75206,4092],{"class":98},[47,75208,1476],{"class":80},[47,75210,136],{"class":98},[47,75212,1562],{"class":80},[47,75214,136],{"class":98},[47,75216,1545],{"class":80},[47,75218,3828],{"class":98},[20,75220,75221],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[38,75223,75225],{"className":40,"code":75224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75226,75227,75247,75251,75261,75275,75279,75293,75303,75313],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75228,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243,75245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75230,8502],{"class":53},[47,75232,58],{"class":57},[47,75234,3815],{"class":98},[47,75236,1476],{"class":80},[47,75238,136],{"class":98},[47,75240,1562],{"class":80},[47,75242,136],{"class":98},[47,75244,249],{"class":80},[47,75246,3828],{"class":98},[47,75248,75249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75250,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,75252,75253,75255,75257,75259],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,75254,95],{"class":94},[47,75256,99],{"class":98},[47,75258,8533],{"class":102},[47,75260,106],{"class":98},[47,75262,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,75264,95],{"class":94},[47,75266,99],{"class":98},[47,75268,1922],{"class":1788},[47,75270,99],{"class":98},[47,75272,8533],{"class":102},[47,75274,1796],{"class":98},[47,75276,75277],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75278,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,75280,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,75282,1290],{"class":53},[47,75284,58],{"class":57},[47,75286,8589],{"class":53},[47,75288,445],{"class":98},[47,75290,73761],{"class":102},[47,75292,8836],{"class":98},[47,75294,75295,75297,75299,75301],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,75296,95],{"class":94},[47,75298,99],{"class":98},[47,75300,1315],{"class":102},[47,75302,106],{"class":98},[47,75304,75305,75307,75309,75311],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,75306,95],{"class":94},[47,75308,99],{"class":98},[47,75310,8533],{"class":102},[47,75312,106],{"class":98},[47,75314,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323,75325,75327],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,75316,95],{"class":94},[47,75318,99],{"class":98},[47,75320,8533],{"class":102},[47,75322,74306],{"class":98},[47,75324,1033],{"class":57},[47,75326,1476],{"class":80},[47,75328,4080],{"class":98},[20,75330,144],{},[38,75332,75334],{"className":40,"code":75333,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75335,75336,75352,75366,75370,75386],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75337,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75339,4092],{"class":98},[47,75341,1476],{"class":80},[47,75343,136],{"class":98},[47,75345,1562],{"class":80},[47,75347,136],{"class":98},[47,75349,249],{"class":80},[47,75351,3828],{"class":98},[47,75353,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75355,3482],{"class":57},[47,75357,3485],{"class":2266},[47,75359,3488],{"class":61},[47,75361,8288],{"class":65},[47,75363,3493],{"class":61},[47,75365,3496],{"class":57},[47,75367,75368],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,75369,1335],{"class":1334},[47,75371,75372,75374,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,75373,4092],{"class":98},[47,75375,2263],{"class":80},[47,75377,136],{"class":98},[47,75379,1562],{"class":80},[47,75381,136],{"class":98},[47,75383,1545],{"class":80},[47,75385,3828],{"class":98},[47,75387,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75389,4092],{"class":98},[47,75391,1476],{"class":80},[47,75393,136],{"class":98},[47,75395,1562],{"class":80},[47,75397,136],{"class":98},[47,75399,249],{"class":80},[47,75401,3828],{"class":98},[20,75403,75404],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[187,75406,75407,75416,75425],{},[190,75408,27995,75409,75412,75413],{},[15,75410,75411],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75414,75415],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[190,75417,12111,75418,75421,75422,22757],{},[15,75419,75420],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[280,75423,75424],{},"current",[190,75426,75427,75428],{},"So it prints ",[15,75429,75430],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[33,75432,1969],{"id":1968},[447,75434,1973,75436,55653],{"id":75435},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75437,73710],{},[20,75439,62788,75440,445],{},[15,75441,285],{},[447,75443,34403,75445,34406,75447,2009],{"id":75444},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75446,73705],{},[15,75448,75449],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75451,75452,75454],{},[15,75453,73705],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75456,75457,75459],{},[15,75458,75449],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[447,75461,28528,75463,75465],{"id":75462},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75464,73705],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75467,46553,75468,75470],{},[15,75469,73705],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[447,75472,75474],{"id":75473},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75476,75477],{},"Use slicing:",[38,75479,75481],{"className":40,"code":75480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75482,75483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75484,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75486,8533],{"class":53},[47,75488,74306],{"class":98},[47,75490,1033],{"class":57},[47,75492,1476],{"class":80},[47,75494,3828],{"class":98},[20,75496,75497],{},"Or use:",[38,75499,75501],{"className":40,"code":75500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75502,75503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75504,75505,75507,75509,75512,75514,75516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75506,8288],{"class":1788},[47,75508,99],{"class":98},[47,75510,75511],{"class":94},"reversed",[47,75513,99],{"class":98},[47,75515,8533],{"class":102},[47,75517,1796],{"class":98},[20,75519,75520,75521,75525],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[594,75522,55704,75523],{"href":55144},[15,75524,12971],{}," can also help.",[33,75527,2075],{"id":2074},[187,75529,75530,75536,75542,75546,75550],{},[190,75531,75532],{},[594,75533,55704,75534,10934],{"href":74959},[15,75535,64497],{},[190,75537,75538],{},[594,75539,13,75540,2088],{"href":74705},[15,75541,74608],{},[190,75543,75544],{},[594,75545,74991],{"href":74990},[190,75547,75548],{},[594,75549,74406],{"href":73723},[190,75551,75552],{},[594,75553,55704,75554,10934],{"href":55144},[15,75555,12971],{},[2110,75557,75558],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":75560},[75561,75562,75564,75565,75566,75568,75569,75576,75578,75579,75588],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":73784,"depth":72,"text":75563},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":74143,"depth":72,"text":75567},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74409,"depth":72,"text":74410},{"id":74603,"depth":72,"text":75570,"children":75571},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75572,75573,75574,75575],{"id":73761,"depth":84,"text":73705},{"id":74698,"depth":84,"text":74608},{"id":74820,"depth":84,"text":74821},{"id":74935,"depth":84,"text":74936},{"id":74966,"depth":72,"text":75577},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":75580},[75581,75583,75585,75587],{"id":75435,"depth":84,"text":75582},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75444,"depth":84,"text":75584},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75462,"depth":84,"text":75586},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75473,"depth":84,"text":75474},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73697,"description":75589},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75596,"title":75597,"body":75598,"description":78031,"extension":2167,"meta":78032,"navigation":87,"path":78033,"seo":78034,"stem":78035,"__hash__":78036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75599,"toc":77999},[75600,75603,75615,75618,75641,75649,75651,75763,75772,75776,75779,75782,75869,75871,75904,75906,75929,75935,75939,75942,75964,75966,75983,75986,76006,76008,76118,76120,76197,76201,76204,76247,76249,76382,76384,76486,76491,76495,76498,76500,76514,76517,76631,76633,76707,76709,76737,76741,76746,76776,76779,76905,76907,76989,76995,76999,77001,77040,77049,77053,77056,77060,77107,77109,77117,77121,77172,77174,77187,77189,77203,77206,77214,77216,77263,77265,77273,77276,77319,77324,77327,77330,77353,77357,77408,77411,77432,77442,77446,77448,77478,77481,77504,77508,77511,77578,77580,77617,77620,77628,77695,77697,77734,77740,77747,77751,77754,77784,77789,77793,77796,77820,77823,77917,77927,77929,77933,77936,77940,77943,77948,77951,77957,77960,77962,77990,77996],[10,75601,75597],{"id":75602},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75604,75605,75606,2390,75608,17268,75611,75614],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75607,36266],{},[15,75609,75610],{},"stop",[15,75612,75613],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75616,75617],{},"The basic slice form is:",[38,75619,75621],{"className":40,"code":75620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75622,75623],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75624,75625,75627,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75626,8533],{"class":53},[47,75628,4092],{"class":98},[47,75630,36266],{"class":53},[47,75632,420],{"class":98},[47,75634,75610],{"class":53},[47,75636,420],{"class":98},[47,75638,75613],{"class":53},[47,75640,3828],{"class":98},[20,75642,75643,75644,75646,75647,445],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75645,75610],{}," position is ",[280,75648,65254],{},[33,75650,36],{"id":35},[38,75652,75654],{"className":40,"code":75653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75655,75656,75684,75688,75709,75727,75744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75657,75658,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75659,3810],{"class":53},[47,75661,58],{"class":57},[47,75663,3815],{"class":98},[47,75665,582],{"class":80},[47,75667,136],{"class":98},[47,75669,7986],{"class":80},[47,75671,136],{"class":98},[47,75673,7991],{"class":80},[47,75675,136],{"class":98},[47,75677,51030],{"class":80},[47,75679,136],{"class":98},[47,75681,5278],{"class":80},[47,75683,3828],{"class":98},[47,75685,75686],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75687,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,75689,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,75691,95],{"class":94},[47,75693,99],{"class":98},[47,75695,195],{"class":102},[47,75697,4092],{"class":98},[47,75699,1476],{"class":80},[47,75701,420],{"class":98},[47,75703,2700],{"class":80},[47,75705,20643],{"class":98},[47,75707,75708],{"class":3857},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[47,75710,75711,75713,75715,75717,75720,75722,75724],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,75712,95],{"class":94},[47,75714,99],{"class":98},[47,75716,195],{"class":102},[47,75718,75719],{"class":98},"[:",[47,75721,2263],{"class":80},[47,75723,20643],{"class":98},[47,75725,75726],{"class":3857},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[47,75728,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,75730,95],{"class":94},[47,75732,99],{"class":98},[47,75734,195],{"class":102},[47,75736,74306],{"class":98},[47,75738,243],{"class":80},[47,75740,20643],{"class":98},[47,75742,75743],{"class":3857},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[47,75745,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,75747,95],{"class":94},[47,75749,99],{"class":98},[47,75751,195],{"class":102},[47,75753,74306],{"class":98},[47,75755,1033],{"class":57},[47,75757,1476],{"class":80},[47,75759,20643],{"class":98},[47,75761,75762],{"class":3857},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75764,167,75765,75768,75769,75771],{},[15,75766,75767],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75770,75610],{}," value is not included.",[33,75773,75775],{"id":75774},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75777,75778],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75780,75781],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[38,75783,75785],{"className":40,"code":75784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75786,75787,75835,75839,75858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75788,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809,75811,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75790,36284],{"class":53},[47,75792,58],{"class":57},[47,75794,3815],{"class":98},[47,75796,128],{"class":61},[47,75798,594],{"class":65},[47,75800,128],{"class":61},[47,75802,136],{"class":98},[47,75804,62],{"class":61},[47,75806,4957],{"class":65},[47,75808,128],{"class":61},[47,75810,136],{"class":98},[47,75812,62],{"class":61},[47,75814,9931],{"class":65},[47,75816,128],{"class":61},[47,75818,136],{"class":98},[47,75820,62],{"class":61},[47,75822,18964],{"class":65},[47,75824,128],{"class":61},[47,75826,136],{"class":98},[47,75828,62],{"class":61},[47,75830,60632],{"class":65},[47,75832,128],{"class":61},[47,75834,3828],{"class":98},[47,75836,75837],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,75838,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,75840,75841,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,75842,75843],{"class":53},"part ",[47,75845,58],{"class":57},[47,75847,70280],{"class":53},[47,75849,4092],{"class":98},[47,75851,1476],{"class":80},[47,75853,420],{"class":98},[47,75855,2700],{"class":80},[47,75857,3828],{"class":98},[47,75859,75860,75862,75864,75867],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,75861,95],{"class":94},[47,75863,99],{"class":98},[47,75865,75866],{"class":102},"part",[47,75868,106],{"class":98},[20,75870,144],{},[38,75872,75874],{"className":40,"code":75873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75875,75876],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75877,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75879,4092],{"class":98},[47,75881,3493],{"class":61},[47,75883,4957],{"class":65},[47,75885,3493],{"class":61},[47,75887,136],{"class":98},[47,75889,3488],{"class":61},[47,75891,9931],{"class":65},[47,75893,3493],{"class":61},[47,75895,136],{"class":98},[47,75897,3488],{"class":61},[47,75899,18964],{"class":65},[47,75901,3493],{"class":61},[47,75903,3828],{"class":98},[20,75905,13247],{},[187,75907,75908,75911,75914,75920,75926],{},[190,75909,75910],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[190,75912,75913],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[190,75915,75916,75917],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75918,75919],{},"list[start:stop]",[190,75921,75922,75923,75925],{},"The item at ",[15,75924,75610],{}," is not included",[190,75927,75928],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75930,75931,75932,445],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[594,75933,75934],{"href":51164},"beginner guide to Python lists",[33,75936,75938],{"id":75937},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75940,75941],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[38,75943,75944],{"className":40,"code":75620,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,75945,75946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,75947,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,75949,8533],{"class":53},[47,75951,4092],{"class":98},[47,75953,36266],{"class":53},[47,75955,420],{"class":98},[47,75957,75610],{"class":53},[47,75959,420],{"class":98},[47,75961,75613],{"class":53},[47,75963,3828],{"class":98},[20,75965,65230],{},[187,75967,75968,75973,75978],{},[190,75969,75970,75972],{},[15,75971,36266],{}," is where slicing begins",[190,75974,75975,75977],{},[15,75976,75610],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[190,75979,75980,75982],{},[15,75981,75613],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75984,75985],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[187,75987,75988,75994,75999],{},[190,75989,75990,75991,75993],{},"Missing ",[15,75992,36266],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[190,75995,75990,75996,75998],{},[15,75997,75610],{}," means go to the end of the list",[190,76000,75990,76001,76003,76004],{},[15,76002,75613],{}," means use ",[15,76005,1476],{},[20,76007,204],{},[38,76009,76011],{"className":40,"code":76010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76012,76013,76041,76045,76066,76083,76101],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76014,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76016,3810],{"class":53},[47,76018,58],{"class":57},[47,76020,3815],{"class":98},[47,76022,582],{"class":80},[47,76024,136],{"class":98},[47,76026,7986],{"class":80},[47,76028,136],{"class":98},[47,76030,7991],{"class":80},[47,76032,136],{"class":98},[47,76034,51030],{"class":80},[47,76036,136],{"class":98},[47,76038,5278],{"class":80},[47,76040,3828],{"class":98},[47,76042,76043],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76044,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,76046,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76048,95],{"class":94},[47,76050,99],{"class":98},[47,76052,195],{"class":102},[47,76054,4092],{"class":98},[47,76056,1476],{"class":80},[47,76058,420],{"class":98},[47,76060,2700],{"class":80},[47,76062,20643],{"class":98},[47,76064,76065],{"class":3857},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[47,76067,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,76069,95],{"class":94},[47,76071,99],{"class":98},[47,76073,195],{"class":102},[47,76075,75719],{"class":98},[47,76077,2263],{"class":80},[47,76079,20643],{"class":98},[47,76081,76082],{"class":3857},"    # start from the beginning\n",[47,76084,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76098],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76086,95],{"class":94},[47,76088,99],{"class":98},[47,76090,195],{"class":102},[47,76092,4092],{"class":98},[47,76094,243],{"class":80},[47,76096,76097],{"class":98},":])",[47,76099,76100],{"class":3857},"    # go to the end\n",[47,76102,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,76104,95],{"class":94},[47,76106,99],{"class":98},[47,76108,195],{"class":102},[47,76110,74306],{"class":98},[47,76112,1476],{"class":80},[47,76114,20643],{"class":98},[47,76116,76117],{"class":3857},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76119,144],{},[38,76121,76123],{"className":40,"code":76122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76124,76125,76141,76157,76173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76126,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76128,4092],{"class":98},[47,76130,15949],{"class":80},[47,76132,136],{"class":98},[47,76134,7991],{"class":80},[47,76136,136],{"class":98},[47,76138,51030],{"class":80},[47,76140,3828],{"class":98},[47,76142,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76144,4092],{"class":98},[47,76146,582],{"class":80},[47,76148,136],{"class":98},[47,76150,7986],{"class":80},[47,76152,136],{"class":98},[47,76154,7991],{"class":80},[47,76156,3828],{"class":98},[47,76158,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76160,4092],{"class":98},[47,76162,37034],{"class":80},[47,76164,136],{"class":98},[47,76166,51030],{"class":80},[47,76168,136],{"class":98},[47,76170,5278],{"class":80},[47,76172,3828],{"class":98},[47,76174,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,76176,4092],{"class":98},[47,76178,582],{"class":80},[47,76180,136],{"class":98},[47,76182,7986],{"class":80},[47,76184,136],{"class":98},[47,76186,7991],{"class":80},[47,76188,136],{"class":98},[47,76190,51030],{"class":80},[47,76192,136],{"class":98},[47,76194,5278],{"class":80},[47,76196,3828],{"class":98},[33,76198,76200],{"id":76199},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76202,76203],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[187,76205,76206,76215,76224,76235,76241],{},[190,76207,76208,76211,76212,6160],{},[15,76209,76210],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76213,76214],{},"n",[190,76216,76217,76220,76221,76223],{},[15,76218,76219],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76222,76214],{}," to the end",[190,76225,76226,76229,76230,76232,76233],{},[15,76227,76228],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76231,594],{}," up to ",[15,76234,4957],{},[190,76236,76237,76240],{},[15,76238,76239],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[190,76242,76243,76246],{},[15,76244,76245],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76248,204],{},[38,76250,76252],{"className":40,"code":76251,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76253,76254,76287,76291,76308,76325,76346,76363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76255,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76285],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76257,3810],{"class":53},[47,76259,58],{"class":57},[47,76261,3815],{"class":98},[47,76263,582],{"class":80},[47,76265,136],{"class":98},[47,76267,7986],{"class":80},[47,76269,136],{"class":98},[47,76271,7991],{"class":80},[47,76273,136],{"class":98},[47,76275,51030],{"class":80},[47,76277,136],{"class":98},[47,76279,5278],{"class":80},[47,76281,136],{"class":98},[47,76283,76284],{"class":80}," 60",[47,76286,3828],{"class":98},[47,76288,76289],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76290,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,76292,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76294,95],{"class":94},[47,76296,99],{"class":98},[47,76298,195],{"class":102},[47,76300,75719],{"class":98},[47,76302,2263],{"class":80},[47,76304,20643],{"class":98},[47,76306,76307],{"class":3857},"    # first 3 items\n",[47,76309,76310,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,76311,95],{"class":94},[47,76313,99],{"class":98},[47,76315,195],{"class":102},[47,76317,4092],{"class":98},[47,76319,2263],{"class":80},[47,76321,76097],{"class":98},[47,76323,76324],{"class":3857},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[47,76326,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76328,95],{"class":94},[47,76330,99],{"class":98},[47,76332,195],{"class":102},[47,76334,4092],{"class":98},[47,76336,1476],{"class":80},[47,76338,420],{"class":98},[47,76340,232],{"class":80},[47,76342,20643],{"class":98},[47,76344,76345],{"class":3857},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[47,76347,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,76349,95],{"class":94},[47,76351,99],{"class":98},[47,76353,195],{"class":102},[47,76355,74306],{"class":98},[47,76357,243],{"class":80},[47,76359,20643],{"class":98},[47,76361,76362],{"class":3857},"   # every second item\n",[47,76364,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,76366,95],{"class":94},[47,76368,99],{"class":98},[47,76370,195],{"class":102},[47,76372,74306],{"class":98},[47,76374,1033],{"class":57},[47,76376,1476],{"class":80},[47,76378,20643],{"class":98},[47,76380,76381],{"class":3857},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76383,144],{},[38,76385,76387],{"className":40,"code":76386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76388,76389,76405,76421,76441,76457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76390,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76392,4092],{"class":98},[47,76394,582],{"class":80},[47,76396,136],{"class":98},[47,76398,7986],{"class":80},[47,76400,136],{"class":98},[47,76402,7991],{"class":80},[47,76404,3828],{"class":98},[47,76406,76407,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76408,4092],{"class":98},[47,76410,56877],{"class":80},[47,76412,136],{"class":98},[47,76414,5278],{"class":80},[47,76416,136],{"class":98},[47,76418,76284],{"class":80},[47,76420,3828],{"class":98},[47,76422,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76424,4092],{"class":98},[47,76426,15949],{"class":80},[47,76428,136],{"class":98},[47,76430,7991],{"class":80},[47,76432,136],{"class":98},[47,76434,51030],{"class":80},[47,76436,136],{"class":98},[47,76438,5278],{"class":80},[47,76440,3828],{"class":98},[47,76442,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,76444,4092],{"class":98},[47,76446,582],{"class":80},[47,76448,136],{"class":98},[47,76450,7991],{"class":80},[47,76452,136],{"class":98},[47,76454,5278],{"class":80},[47,76456,3828],{"class":98},[47,76458,76459,76461,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76460,4092],{"class":98},[47,76462,76463],{"class":80},"60",[47,76465,136],{"class":98},[47,76467,5278],{"class":80},[47,76469,136],{"class":98},[47,76471,51030],{"class":80},[47,76473,136],{"class":98},[47,76475,7991],{"class":80},[47,76477,136],{"class":98},[47,76479,7986],{"class":80},[47,76481,136],{"class":98},[47,76483,373],{"class":80},[47,76485,3828],{"class":98},[20,76487,76488,76489,445],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[594,76490,15082],{"href":57404},[33,76492,76494],{"id":76493},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76496,76497],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76499,5667],{},[187,76501,76502,76508],{},[190,76503,76504,76507],{},[15,76505,76506],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[190,76509,76510,76513],{},[15,76511,76512],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76515,76516],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[38,76518,76520],{"className":40,"code":76519,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76521,76522,76570,76574,76593,76612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76523,76524,76526,76528,76530,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76525,36284],{"class":53},[47,76527,58],{"class":57},[47,76529,3815],{"class":98},[47,76531,128],{"class":61},[47,76533,594],{"class":65},[47,76535,128],{"class":61},[47,76537,136],{"class":98},[47,76539,62],{"class":61},[47,76541,4957],{"class":65},[47,76543,128],{"class":61},[47,76545,136],{"class":98},[47,76547,62],{"class":61},[47,76549,9931],{"class":65},[47,76551,128],{"class":61},[47,76553,136],{"class":98},[47,76555,62],{"class":61},[47,76557,18964],{"class":65},[47,76559,128],{"class":61},[47,76561,136],{"class":98},[47,76563,62],{"class":61},[47,76565,60632],{"class":65},[47,76567,128],{"class":61},[47,76569,3828],{"class":98},[47,76571,76572],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76573,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,76575,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76577,95],{"class":94},[47,76579,99],{"class":98},[47,76581,36337],{"class":102},[47,76583,4092],{"class":98},[47,76585,1033],{"class":57},[47,76587,1476],{"class":80},[47,76589,20643],{"class":98},[47,76591,76592],{"class":3857},"    # last item\n",[47,76594,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605,76607,76609],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,76596,95],{"class":94},[47,76598,99],{"class":98},[47,76600,36337],{"class":102},[47,76602,4092],{"class":98},[47,76604,1033],{"class":57},[47,76606,2263],{"class":80},[47,76608,76097],{"class":98},[47,76610,76611],{"class":3857},"   # last 3 items\n",[47,76613,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76615,95],{"class":94},[47,76617,99],{"class":98},[47,76619,36337],{"class":102},[47,76621,75719],{"class":98},[47,76623,1033],{"class":57},[47,76625,1476],{"class":80},[47,76627,20643],{"class":98},[47,76629,76630],{"class":3857},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76632,144],{},[38,76634,76636],{"className":40,"code":76635,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76637,76638,76643,76671],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76639,76640],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76641,76642],{"class":53},"e\n",[47,76644,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76646,4092],{"class":98},[47,76648,3493],{"class":61},[47,76650,9931],{"class":65},[47,76652,3493],{"class":61},[47,76654,136],{"class":98},[47,76656,3488],{"class":61},[47,76658,18964],{"class":65},[47,76660,3493],{"class":61},[47,76662,136],{"class":98},[47,76664,3488],{"class":61},[47,76666,60632],{"class":65},[47,76668,3493],{"class":61},[47,76670,3828],{"class":98},[47,76672,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76674,4092],{"class":98},[47,76676,3493],{"class":61},[47,76678,594],{"class":65},[47,76680,3493],{"class":61},[47,76682,136],{"class":98},[47,76684,3488],{"class":61},[47,76686,4957],{"class":65},[47,76688,3493],{"class":61},[47,76690,136],{"class":98},[47,76692,3488],{"class":61},[47,76694,9931],{"class":65},[47,76696,3493],{"class":61},[47,76698,136],{"class":98},[47,76700,3488],{"class":61},[47,76702,18964],{"class":65},[47,76704,3493],{"class":61},[47,76706,3828],{"class":98},[20,76708,13247],{},[187,76710,76711,76714,76718,76724,76730],{},[190,76712,76713],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[190,76715,76716,76507],{},[15,76717,76506],{},[190,76719,76720,76723],{},[15,76721,76722],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[190,76725,76726,76729],{},[15,76727,76728],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[190,76731,76732,76733,839,76735],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76734,36266],{},[15,76736,75610],{},[33,76738,76740],{"id":76739},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76742,850,76743,76745],{},[15,76744,75613],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[187,76747,76748,76751,76754,76759,76769],{},[190,76749,76750],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[190,76752,76753],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[190,76755,76756,76758],{},[15,76757,76245],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[190,76760,1625,76761,76763,76764,76766,76767],{},[15,76762,75613],{}," is negative, ",[15,76765,36266],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76768,75610],{},[190,76770,76771,76773,76774],{},[15,76772,75613],{}," cannot be ",[15,76775,2321],{},[20,76777,76778],{},"Example with different step values:",[38,76780,76782],{"className":40,"code":76781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76783,76784,76816,76820,76837,76859,76878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76785,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76787,3810],{"class":53},[47,76789,58],{"class":57},[47,76791,3815],{"class":98},[47,76793,582],{"class":80},[47,76795,136],{"class":98},[47,76797,7986],{"class":80},[47,76799,136],{"class":98},[47,76801,7991],{"class":80},[47,76803,136],{"class":98},[47,76805,51030],{"class":80},[47,76807,136],{"class":98},[47,76809,5278],{"class":80},[47,76811,136],{"class":98},[47,76813,76284],{"class":80},[47,76815,3828],{"class":98},[47,76817,76818],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76819,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,76821,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76823,95],{"class":94},[47,76825,99],{"class":98},[47,76827,195],{"class":102},[47,76829,74306],{"class":98},[47,76831,243],{"class":80},[47,76833,20643],{"class":98},[47,76835,76836],{"class":3857},"     # every second item\n",[47,76838,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849,76852,76854,76856],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,76840,95],{"class":94},[47,76842,99],{"class":98},[47,76844,195],{"class":102},[47,76846,4092],{"class":98},[47,76848,1476],{"class":80},[47,76850,76851],{"class":98},"::",[47,76853,243],{"class":80},[47,76855,20643],{"class":98},[47,76857,76858],{"class":3857},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[47,76860,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,76862,95],{"class":94},[47,76864,99],{"class":98},[47,76866,195],{"class":102},[47,76868,74306],{"class":98},[47,76870,1033],{"class":57},[47,76872,1476],{"class":80},[47,76874,20643],{"class":98},[47,76876,76877],{"class":3857},"    # reverse the list\n",[47,76879,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,76881,95],{"class":94},[47,76883,99],{"class":98},[47,76885,195],{"class":102},[47,76887,4092],{"class":98},[47,76889,2700],{"class":80},[47,76891,420],{"class":98},[47,76893,1476],{"class":80},[47,76895,420],{"class":98},[47,76897,1033],{"class":57},[47,76899,1476],{"class":80},[47,76901,20643],{"class":98},[47,76903,76904],{"class":3857},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76906,144],{},[38,76908,76910],{"className":40,"code":76909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76911,76912,76928,76944,76972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,76913,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,76915,4092],{"class":98},[47,76917,582],{"class":80},[47,76919,136],{"class":98},[47,76921,7991],{"class":80},[47,76923,136],{"class":98},[47,76925,5278],{"class":80},[47,76927,3828],{"class":98},[47,76929,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,76931,4092],{"class":98},[47,76933,15949],{"class":80},[47,76935,136],{"class":98},[47,76937,51030],{"class":80},[47,76939,136],{"class":98},[47,76941,76284],{"class":80},[47,76943,3828],{"class":98},[47,76945,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,76947,4092],{"class":98},[47,76949,76463],{"class":80},[47,76951,136],{"class":98},[47,76953,5278],{"class":80},[47,76955,136],{"class":98},[47,76957,51030],{"class":80},[47,76959,136],{"class":98},[47,76961,7991],{"class":80},[47,76963,136],{"class":98},[47,76965,7986],{"class":80},[47,76967,136],{"class":98},[47,76969,373],{"class":80},[47,76971,3828],{"class":98},[47,76973,76974,76976,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,76975,4092],{"class":98},[47,76977,76978],{"class":80},"50",[47,76980,136],{"class":98},[47,76982,51030],{"class":80},[47,76984,136],{"class":98},[47,76986,7991],{"class":80},[47,76988,3828],{"class":98},[20,76990,76991,76992,445],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[594,76993,76994],{"href":74990},"how to reverse a list in Python",[447,76996,76998],{"id":76997},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77000,3030],{},[38,77002,77004],{"className":40,"code":77003,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77005,77006,77026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77007,77008,77010,77012,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77009,3810],{"class":53},[47,77011,58],{"class":57},[47,77013,3815],{"class":98},[47,77015,1476],{"class":80},[47,77017,136],{"class":98},[47,77019,1562],{"class":80},[47,77021,136],{"class":98},[47,77023,249],{"class":80},[47,77025,3828],{"class":98},[47,77027,77028,77030,77032,77034,77036,77038],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77029,95],{"class":94},[47,77031,99],{"class":98},[47,77033,195],{"class":102},[47,77035,74306],{"class":98},[47,77037,2321],{"class":80},[47,77039,4080],{"class":98},[20,77041,77042,77043,77045,77046,77048],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77044,40894],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77047,2321],{}," does not make sense.",[33,77050,77052],{"id":77051},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77054,77055],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[447,77057,77059],{"id":77058},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[38,77061,77063],{"className":40,"code":77062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77064,77065,77089,77093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77066,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77068,3810],{"class":53},[47,77070,58],{"class":57},[47,77072,3815],{"class":98},[47,77074,582],{"class":80},[47,77076,136],{"class":98},[47,77078,7986],{"class":80},[47,77080,136],{"class":98},[47,77082,7991],{"class":80},[47,77084,136],{"class":98},[47,77086,51030],{"class":80},[47,77088,3828],{"class":98},[47,77090,77091],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77092,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,77094,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,77096,95],{"class":94},[47,77098,99],{"class":98},[47,77100,195],{"class":102},[47,77102,4092],{"class":98},[47,77104,243],{"class":80},[47,77106,4080],{"class":98},[20,77108,144],{},[38,77110,77111],{"className":40,"code":70025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77112,77113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77114,77115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77116,70025],{"class":80},[447,77118,77120],{"id":77119},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[38,77122,77124],{"className":40,"code":77123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77125,77126,77150,77154],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77127,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77129,3810],{"class":53},[47,77131,58],{"class":57},[47,77133,3815],{"class":98},[47,77135,582],{"class":80},[47,77137,136],{"class":98},[47,77139,7986],{"class":80},[47,77141,136],{"class":98},[47,77143,7991],{"class":80},[47,77145,136],{"class":98},[47,77147,51030],{"class":80},[47,77149,3828],{"class":98},[47,77151,77152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77153,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,77155,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,77157,95],{"class":94},[47,77159,99],{"class":98},[47,77161,195],{"class":102},[47,77163,4092],{"class":98},[47,77165,243],{"class":80},[47,77167,420],{"class":98},[47,77169,2263],{"class":80},[47,77171,4080],{"class":98},[20,77173,144],{},[38,77175,77177],{"className":40,"code":77176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30]\n",[15,77178,77179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77180,77181,77183,77185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77182,4092],{"class":98},[47,77184,37034],{"class":80},[47,77186,3828],{"class":98},[20,77188,13957],{},[187,77190,77191,77197],{},[190,77192,77193,77196],{},[15,77194,77195],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[190,77198,77199,77202],{},[15,77200,77201],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77204,77205],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[187,77207,77208,77211],{},[190,77209,77210],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[190,77212,77213],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77215,204],{},[38,77217,77219],{"className":40,"code":77218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77220,77221,77241,77245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77222,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235,77237,77239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77224,3810],{"class":53},[47,77226,58],{"class":57},[47,77228,3815],{"class":98},[47,77230,582],{"class":80},[47,77232,136],{"class":98},[47,77234,7986],{"class":80},[47,77236,136],{"class":98},[47,77238,7991],{"class":80},[47,77240,3828],{"class":98},[47,77242,77243],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77244,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,77246,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,77248,95],{"class":94},[47,77250,99],{"class":98},[47,77252,195],{"class":102},[47,77254,4092],{"class":98},[47,77256,232],{"class":80},[47,77258,420],{"class":98},[47,77260,582],{"class":80},[47,77262,4080],{"class":98},[20,77264,144],{},[38,77266,77267],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,77268,77269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77270,77271],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77272,38489],{"class":98},[20,77274,77275],{},"But this would raise an error:",[38,77277,77279],{"className":40,"code":77278,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77280,77281,77301,77305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77282,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295,77297,77299],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77284,3810],{"class":53},[47,77286,58],{"class":57},[47,77288,3815],{"class":98},[47,77290,582],{"class":80},[47,77292,136],{"class":98},[47,77294,7986],{"class":80},[47,77296,136],{"class":98},[47,77298,7991],{"class":80},[47,77300,3828],{"class":98},[47,77302,77303],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77304,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,77306,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,77308,95],{"class":94},[47,77310,99],{"class":98},[47,77312,195],{"class":102},[47,77314,4092],{"class":98},[47,77316,232],{"class":80},[47,77318,4080],{"class":98},[20,77320,77321,77322,445],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[594,77323,69444],{"href":69443},[33,77325,15371],{"id":77326},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77328,77329],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[187,77331,77332,77336,77338,77341,77347],{},[190,77333,4900,77334,75925],{},[15,77335,75610],{},[190,77337,60877],{},[190,77339,77340],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[190,77342,37396,77343,8898,77345],{},[15,77344,76245],{},[15,77346,73710],{},[190,77348,77349,77350,77352],{},"Using step ",[15,77351,2321],{},", which causes an error",[447,77354,77356],{"id":77355},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[38,77358,77360],{"className":40,"code":77359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77361,77362,77390],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77363,77364,77366,77368,77370,77372,77374,77376,77378,77380,77382,77384,77386,77388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77365,3810],{"class":53},[47,77367,58],{"class":57},[47,77369,3815],{"class":98},[47,77371,582],{"class":80},[47,77373,136],{"class":98},[47,77375,7986],{"class":80},[47,77377,136],{"class":98},[47,77379,7991],{"class":80},[47,77381,136],{"class":98},[47,77383,51030],{"class":80},[47,77385,136],{"class":98},[47,77387,5278],{"class":80},[47,77389,3828],{"class":98},[47,77391,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402,77404,77406],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77393,95],{"class":94},[47,77395,99],{"class":98},[47,77397,195],{"class":102},[47,77399,4092],{"class":98},[47,77401,1476],{"class":80},[47,77403,420],{"class":98},[47,77405,2700],{"class":80},[47,77407,4080],{"class":98},[20,77409,77410],{},"This returns:",[38,77412,77414],{"className":40,"code":77413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77415,77416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77417,77418,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77419,4092],{"class":98},[47,77421,15949],{"class":80},[47,77423,136],{"class":98},[47,77425,7991],{"class":80},[47,77427,136],{"class":98},[47,77429,51030],{"class":80},[47,77431,3828],{"class":98},[20,77433,41096,77434,77436,77437,77439,77440,445],{},[280,77435,4826],{}," include ",[15,77438,76978],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77441,2700],{},[447,77443,77445],{"id":77444},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77447,16839],{},[38,77449,77451],{"className":40,"code":77450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77452,77453,77473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77454,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77456,3810],{"class":53},[47,77458,58],{"class":57},[47,77460,3815],{"class":98},[47,77462,582],{"class":80},[47,77464,136],{"class":98},[47,77466,7986],{"class":80},[47,77468,136],{"class":98},[47,77470,7991],{"class":80},[47,77472,3828],{"class":98},[47,77474,77475],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77476,77477],{"class":3857},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77479,77480],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[38,77482,77484],{"className":40,"code":77483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77485,77486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77487,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77489,95],{"class":94},[47,77491,99],{"class":98},[47,77493,195],{"class":102},[47,77495,4092],{"class":98},[47,77497,1476],{"class":80},[47,77499,420],{"class":98},[47,77501,2263],{"class":80},[47,77503,4080],{"class":98},[447,77505,77507],{"id":77506},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77509,77510],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[38,77512,77514],{"className":40,"code":77513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77515,77516,77540,77554,77558,77568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77517,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77519,3810],{"class":53},[47,77521,58],{"class":57},[47,77523,3815],{"class":98},[47,77525,582],{"class":80},[47,77527,136],{"class":98},[47,77529,7986],{"class":80},[47,77531,136],{"class":98},[47,77533,7991],{"class":80},[47,77535,136],{"class":98},[47,77537,51030],{"class":80},[47,77539,3828],{"class":98},[47,77541,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77543,75843],{"class":53},[47,77545,58],{"class":57},[47,77547,4457],{"class":53},[47,77549,75719],{"class":98},[47,77551,243],{"class":80},[47,77553,3828],{"class":98},[47,77555,77556],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,77557,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,77559,77560,77562,77564,77566],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,77561,95],{"class":94},[47,77563,99],{"class":98},[47,77565,75866],{"class":102},[47,77567,106],{"class":98},[47,77569,77570,77572,77574,77576],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,77571,95],{"class":94},[47,77573,99],{"class":98},[47,77575,195],{"class":102},[47,77577,106],{"class":98},[20,77579,144],{},[38,77581,77583],{"className":40,"code":77582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77584,77585,77597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77586,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77588,4092],{"class":98},[47,77590,582],{"class":80},[47,77592,136],{"class":98},[47,77594,7986],{"class":80},[47,77596,3828],{"class":98},[47,77598,77599,77601,77603,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77600,4092],{"class":98},[47,77602,582],{"class":80},[47,77604,136],{"class":98},[47,77606,7986],{"class":80},[47,77608,136],{"class":98},[47,77610,7991],{"class":80},[47,77612,136],{"class":98},[47,77614,51030],{"class":80},[47,77616,3828],{"class":98},[20,77618,77619],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[447,77621,77623,77624,8898,77626],{"id":77622},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77625,76245],{},[15,77627,73710],{},[38,77629,77631],{"className":40,"code":77630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77632,77633,77653,77657,77674,77685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77634,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649,77651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77636,3810],{"class":53},[47,77638,58],{"class":57},[47,77640,3815],{"class":98},[47,77642,582],{"class":80},[47,77644,136],{"class":98},[47,77646,7986],{"class":80},[47,77648,136],{"class":98},[47,77650,7991],{"class":80},[47,77652,3828],{"class":98},[47,77654,77655],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77656,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,77658,77659,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,77660,77661],{"class":53},"reversed_copy ",[47,77663,58],{"class":57},[47,77665,4457],{"class":53},[47,77667,74306],{"class":98},[47,77669,1033],{"class":57},[47,77671,1476],{"class":80},[47,77673,3828],{"class":98},[47,77675,77676,77678,77680,77683],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,77677,95],{"class":94},[47,77679,99],{"class":98},[47,77681,77682],{"class":102},"reversed_copy",[47,77684,106],{"class":98},[47,77686,77687,77689,77691,77693],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,77688,95],{"class":94},[47,77690,99],{"class":98},[47,77692,195],{"class":102},[47,77694,106],{"class":98},[20,77696,144],{},[38,77698,77700],{"className":40,"code":77699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77701,77702,77718],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77703,77704,77706,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77705,4092],{"class":98},[47,77707,37034],{"class":80},[47,77709,136],{"class":98},[47,77711,7986],{"class":80},[47,77713,136],{"class":98},[47,77715,373],{"class":80},[47,77717,3828],{"class":98},[47,77719,77720,77722,77724,77726,77728,77730,77732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77721,4092],{"class":98},[47,77723,582],{"class":80},[47,77725,136],{"class":98},[47,77727,7986],{"class":80},[47,77729,136],{"class":98},[47,77731,7991],{"class":80},[47,77733,3828],{"class":98},[20,77735,77736,77739],{},[15,77737,77738],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77741,77742,77743,77746],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77744,77745],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[447,77748,77750],{"id":77749},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77752,77753],{},"This is not allowed:",[38,77755,77757],{"className":40,"code":77756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77758,77759,77779],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77760,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77762,3810],{"class":53},[47,77764,58],{"class":57},[47,77766,3815],{"class":98},[47,77768,582],{"class":80},[47,77770,136],{"class":98},[47,77772,7986],{"class":80},[47,77774,136],{"class":98},[47,77776,7991],{"class":80},[47,77778,3828],{"class":98},[47,77780,77781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77782,77783],{"class":3857},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77785,77786,77787,445],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77788,40894],{},[33,77790,77792],{"id":77791},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77794,77795],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[187,77797,77798,77805,77811,77814,77817],{},[190,77799,37396,77800,839,77802,77804],{},[15,77801,36266],{},[15,77803,75610],{}," positions",[190,77806,77807,77808,77810],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77809,75610],{}," index is included",[190,77812,77813],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[190,77815,77816],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[190,77818,77819],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77821,77822],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[38,77824,77826],{"className":40,"code":77825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77827,77828,77838,77852,77870,77884,77901],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,77829,77830,77832,77834,77836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,77831,95],{"class":94},[47,77833,99],{"class":98},[47,77835,8533],{"class":102},[47,77837,106],{"class":98},[47,77839,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,77841,95],{"class":94},[47,77843,99],{"class":98},[47,77845,11355],{"class":94},[47,77847,99],{"class":98},[47,77849,8533],{"class":102},[47,77851,1796],{"class":98},[47,77853,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,77855,95],{"class":94},[47,77857,99],{"class":98},[47,77859,8533],{"class":102},[47,77861,4092],{"class":98},[47,77863,1476],{"class":80},[47,77865,420],{"class":98},[47,77867,2700],{"class":80},[47,77869,4080],{"class":98},[47,77871,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,77873,95],{"class":94},[47,77875,99],{"class":98},[47,77877,8533],{"class":102},[47,77879,75719],{"class":98},[47,77881,2263],{"class":80},[47,77883,4080],{"class":98},[47,77885,77886,77888,77890,77892,77894,77896,77898],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,77887,95],{"class":94},[47,77889,99],{"class":98},[47,77891,8533],{"class":102},[47,77893,4092],{"class":98},[47,77895,1033],{"class":57},[47,77897,2263],{"class":80},[47,77899,77900],{"class":98},":])\n",[47,77902,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,77904,95],{"class":94},[47,77906,99],{"class":98},[47,77908,8533],{"class":102},[47,77910,74306],{"class":98},[47,77912,1033],{"class":57},[47,77914,1476],{"class":80},[47,77916,4080],{"class":98},[20,77918,1654,77919,77921,77922,77926],{},[15,77920,42550],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[594,77923,77925],{"href":77924},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[33,77928,1969],{"id":1968},[447,77930,77932],{"id":77931},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77934,77935],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[447,77937,77939],{"id":77938},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77941,77942],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[447,77944,5339,77946,40151],{"id":77945},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77947,76245],{},[20,77949,77950],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[447,77952,77954,77955,2009],{"id":77953},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77956,70915],{},[20,77958,77959],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[33,77961,2075],{"id":2074},[187,77963,77964,77969,77974,77978,77982,77986],{},[190,77965,77966],{},[594,77967,77968],{"href":51164},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[190,77970,77971],{},[594,77972,77973],{"href":57338},"How to create a list in Python",[190,77975,77976],{},[594,77977,15159],{"href":57404},[190,77979,77980],{},[594,77981,74991],{"href":74990},[190,77983,77984],{},[594,77985,77925],{"href":77924},[190,77987,77988],{},[594,77989,69444],{"href":69443},[20,77991,77992,77993,77995],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77994,42550],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2110,77997,77998],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":78000},[78001,78002,78003,78004,78005,78006,78009,78013,78021,78022,78030],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":75774,"depth":72,"text":75775},{"id":75937,"depth":72,"text":75938},{"id":76199,"depth":72,"text":76200},{"id":76493,"depth":72,"text":76494},{"id":76739,"depth":72,"text":76740,"children":78007},[78008],{"id":76997,"depth":84,"text":76998},{"id":77051,"depth":72,"text":77052,"children":78010},[78011,78012],{"id":77058,"depth":84,"text":77059},{"id":77119,"depth":84,"text":77120},{"id":77326,"depth":72,"text":15371,"children":78014},[78015,78016,78017,78018,78020],{"id":77355,"depth":84,"text":77356},{"id":77444,"depth":84,"text":77445},{"id":77506,"depth":84,"text":77507},{"id":77622,"depth":84,"text":78019},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77749,"depth":84,"text":77750},{"id":77791,"depth":72,"text":77792},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":78023},[78024,78025,78026,78028],{"id":77931,"depth":84,"text":77932},{"id":77938,"depth":84,"text":77939},{"id":77945,"depth":84,"text":78027},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77953,"depth":84,"text":78029},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75597,"description":78031},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78038,"title":78039,"body":78040,"description":80109,"extension":2167,"meta":80110,"navigation":87,"path":80111,"seo":80112,"stem":80113,"__hash__":80114},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78041,"toc":80075},[78042,78047,78053,78059,78061,78108,78115,78120,78124,78139,78142,78195,78197,78222,78227,78229,78261,78264,78280,78282,78343,78345,78370,78374,78379,78432,78434,78459,78464,78525,78527,78552,78555,78562,78566,78569,78630,78632,78665,78668,78729,78731,78764,78770,78843,78845,78877,78884,78889,78894,78896,78908,78911,78989,78991,79032,79035,79109,79111,79144,79149,79156,79163,79167,79176,79180,79188,79190,79257,79259,79295,79300,79311,79313,79318,79323,79325,79388,79390,79415,79422,79427,79431,79434,79474,79479,79485,79490,79492,79519,79524,79527,79574,79576,79633,79640,79645,79651,79720,79724,79727,79790,79792,79825,79830,79832,79835,79916,79918,79942,79948,79950,79955,79959,79966,79974,79978,79980,80003,80007,80009,80036,80039,80046,80049,80051,80072],[10,78043,54526,78045,11516],{"id":78044},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78046,64497],{},[20,78048,78049,78052],{},[15,78050,78051],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78054,78055,78056,78058],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78057,64497],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[33,78060,36],{"id":35},[38,78062,78064],{"className":40,"code":78063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78065,78066,78086,78096],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78067,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078,78080,78082,78084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78069,3810],{"class":53},[47,78071,58],{"class":57},[47,78073,3815],{"class":98},[47,78075,2263],{"class":80},[47,78077,136],{"class":98},[47,78079,1545],{"class":80},[47,78081,136],{"class":98},[47,78083,1562],{"class":80},[47,78085,3828],{"class":98},[47,78087,78088,78090,78092,78094],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78089,195],{"class":53},[47,78091,445],{"class":98},[47,78093,34995],{"class":102},[47,78095,8836],{"class":98},[47,78097,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78099,95],{"class":94},[47,78101,99],{"class":98},[47,78103,195],{"class":102},[47,78105,3854],{"class":98},[47,78107,55116],{"class":3857},[20,78109,167,78110,78112,78113,445],{},[15,78111,78051],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78114,285],{},[33,78116,174,78118,177],{"id":78117},"what-listsort-does",[15,78119,78051],{},[20,78121,78122,420],{},[15,78123,78051],{},[187,78125,78126,78129,78132,78136],{},[190,78127,78128],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[190,78130,78131],{},"Changes the original list",[190,78133,11618,78134],{},[15,78135,285],{},[190,78137,78138],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78140,78141],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[38,78143,78145],{"className":40,"code":78144,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78146,78147,78171,78181,78185],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78148,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167,78169],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78150,3810],{"class":53},[47,78152,58],{"class":57},[47,78154,3815],{"class":98},[47,78156,232],{"class":80},[47,78158,136],{"class":98},[47,78160,1562],{"class":80},[47,78162,136],{"class":98},[47,78164,54320],{"class":80},[47,78166,136],{"class":98},[47,78168,1545],{"class":80},[47,78170,3828],{"class":98},[47,78172,78173,78175,78177,78179],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78174,195],{"class":53},[47,78176,445],{"class":98},[47,78178,34995],{"class":102},[47,78180,8836],{"class":98},[47,78182,78183],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78184,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78186,78187,78189,78191,78193],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78188,95],{"class":94},[47,78190,99],{"class":98},[47,78192,195],{"class":102},[47,78194,106],{"class":98},[20,78196,144],{},[38,78198,78200],{"className":40,"code":78199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78201,78202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78203,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78205,4092],{"class":98},[47,78207,1476],{"class":80},[47,78209,136],{"class":98},[47,78211,1562],{"class":80},[47,78213,136],{"class":98},[47,78215,4800],{"class":80},[47,78217,136],{"class":98},[47,78219,54320],{"class":80},[47,78221,3828],{"class":98},[20,78223,78224,78225,445],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[594,78226,67262],{"href":51164},[33,78228,290],{"id":289},[38,78230,78232],{"className":40,"code":78231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78233,78234],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78235,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78255,78257,78259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78237,8533],{"class":53},[47,78239,445],{"class":98},[47,78241,34995],{"class":102},[47,78243,99],{"class":98},[47,78245,15035],{"class":951},[47,78247,58],{"class":57},[47,78249,285],{"class":1334},[47,78251,136],{"class":98},[47,78253,78254],{"class":951}," reverse",[47,78256,58],{"class":57},[47,78258,3868],{"class":1334},[47,78260,106],{"class":98},[20,78262,78263],{},"Main arguments:",[187,78265,78266,78271,78277],{},[190,78267,78268,78270],{},[15,78269,15035],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[190,78272,78273,78276],{},[15,78274,78275],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[190,78278,78279],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78281,204],{},[38,78283,78285],{"className":40,"code":78284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78286,78287,78311,78329,78333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78288,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78290,3810],{"class":53},[47,78292,58],{"class":57},[47,78294,3815],{"class":98},[47,78296,2700],{"class":80},[47,78298,136],{"class":98},[47,78300,1545],{"class":80},[47,78302,136],{"class":98},[47,78304,6188],{"class":80},[47,78306,136],{"class":98},[47,78308,1562],{"class":80},[47,78310,3828],{"class":98},[47,78312,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78314,195],{"class":53},[47,78316,445],{"class":98},[47,78318,34995],{"class":102},[47,78320,99],{"class":98},[47,78322,73761],{"class":951},[47,78324,58],{"class":57},[47,78326,3795],{"class":1334},[47,78328,106],{"class":98},[47,78330,78331],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78332,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78334,78335,78337,78339,78341],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78336,95],{"class":94},[47,78338,99],{"class":98},[47,78340,195],{"class":102},[47,78342,106],{"class":98},[20,78344,144],{},[38,78346,78348],{"className":40,"code":78347,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78349,78350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78351,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78353,4092],{"class":98},[47,78355,2227],{"class":80},[47,78357,136],{"class":98},[47,78359,393],{"class":80},[47,78361,136],{"class":98},[47,78363,1562],{"class":80},[47,78365,136],{"class":98},[47,78367,1545],{"class":80},[47,78369,3828],{"class":98},[33,78371,78373],{"id":78372},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78375,167,78376,78378],{},[15,78377,64497],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[38,78380,78382],{"className":40,"code":78381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78383,78384,78408,78418,78422],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78385,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78387,3810],{"class":53},[47,78389,58],{"class":57},[47,78391,3815],{"class":98},[47,78393,582],{"class":80},[47,78395,136],{"class":98},[47,78397,249],{"class":80},[47,78399,136],{"class":98},[47,78401,6553],{"class":80},[47,78403,136],{"class":98},[47,78405,1545],{"class":80},[47,78407,3828],{"class":98},[47,78409,78410,78412,78414,78416],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78411,195],{"class":53},[47,78413,445],{"class":98},[47,78415,34995],{"class":102},[47,78417,8836],{"class":98},[47,78419,78420],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78421,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78423,78424,78426,78428,78430],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78425,95],{"class":94},[47,78427,99],{"class":98},[47,78429,195],{"class":102},[47,78431,106],{"class":98},[20,78433,144],{},[38,78435,78437],{"className":40,"code":78436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78438,78439],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78440,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78442,4092],{"class":98},[47,78444,1476],{"class":80},[47,78446,136],{"class":98},[47,78448,249],{"class":80},[47,78450,136],{"class":98},[47,78452,6553],{"class":80},[47,78454,136],{"class":98},[47,78456,373],{"class":80},[47,78458,3828],{"class":98},[20,78460,167,78461,78463],{},[15,78462,78275],{}," for descending order:",[38,78465,78467],{"className":40,"code":78466,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78468,78469,78493,78511,78515],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78470,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78472,3810],{"class":53},[47,78474,58],{"class":57},[47,78476,3815],{"class":98},[47,78478,582],{"class":80},[47,78480,136],{"class":98},[47,78482,249],{"class":80},[47,78484,136],{"class":98},[47,78486,6553],{"class":80},[47,78488,136],{"class":98},[47,78490,1545],{"class":80},[47,78492,3828],{"class":98},[47,78494,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78496,195],{"class":53},[47,78498,445],{"class":98},[47,78500,34995],{"class":102},[47,78502,99],{"class":98},[47,78504,73761],{"class":951},[47,78506,58],{"class":57},[47,78508,3795],{"class":1334},[47,78510,106],{"class":98},[47,78512,78513],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78514,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78516,78517,78519,78521,78523],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78518,95],{"class":94},[47,78520,99],{"class":98},[47,78522,195],{"class":102},[47,78524,106],{"class":98},[20,78526,144],{},[38,78528,78530],{"className":40,"code":78529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78531,78532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78533,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78535,4092],{"class":98},[47,78537,582],{"class":80},[47,78539,136],{"class":98},[47,78541,6553],{"class":80},[47,78543,136],{"class":98},[47,78545,249],{"class":80},[47,78547,136],{"class":98},[47,78549,1545],{"class":80},[47,78551,3828],{"class":98},[20,78553,78554],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78556,78557,78558,445],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[594,78559,78561],{"href":78560},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[33,78563,78565],{"id":78564},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78567,78568],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[38,78570,78572],{"className":40,"code":78571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78573,78574,78606,78616,78620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78577,4263],{"class":53},[47,78579,58],{"class":57},[47,78581,3815],{"class":98},[47,78583,128],{"class":61},[47,78585,4281],{"class":65},[47,78587,128],{"class":61},[47,78589,136],{"class":98},[47,78591,62],{"class":61},[47,78593,4272],{"class":65},[47,78595,128],{"class":61},[47,78597,136],{"class":98},[47,78599,62],{"class":61},[47,78601,4290],{"class":65},[47,78603,128],{"class":61},[47,78605,3828],{"class":98},[47,78607,78608,78610,78612,78614],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78609,4307],{"class":53},[47,78611,445],{"class":98},[47,78613,34995],{"class":102},[47,78615,8836],{"class":98},[47,78617,78618],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78619,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78623,95],{"class":94},[47,78625,99],{"class":98},[47,78627,4307],{"class":102},[47,78629,106],{"class":98},[20,78631,144],{},[38,78633,78635],{"className":40,"code":78634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78636,78637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78638,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78640,4092],{"class":98},[47,78642,3493],{"class":61},[47,78644,4272],{"class":65},[47,78646,3493],{"class":61},[47,78648,136],{"class":98},[47,78650,3488],{"class":61},[47,78652,4281],{"class":65},[47,78654,3493],{"class":61},[47,78656,136],{"class":98},[47,78658,3488],{"class":61},[47,78660,4290],{"class":65},[47,78662,3493],{"class":61},[47,78664,3828],{"class":98},[20,78666,78667],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[38,78669,78671],{"className":40,"code":78670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78672,78673,78705,78715,78719],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78674,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78676,4263],{"class":53},[47,78678,58],{"class":57},[47,78680,3815],{"class":98},[47,78682,128],{"class":61},[47,78684,4281],{"class":65},[47,78686,128],{"class":61},[47,78688,136],{"class":98},[47,78690,62],{"class":61},[47,78692,351],{"class":65},[47,78694,128],{"class":61},[47,78696,136],{"class":98},[47,78698,62],{"class":61},[47,78700,4290],{"class":65},[47,78702,128],{"class":61},[47,78704,3828],{"class":98},[47,78706,78707,78709,78711,78713],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78708,4307],{"class":53},[47,78710,445],{"class":98},[47,78712,34995],{"class":102},[47,78714,8836],{"class":98},[47,78716,78717],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78718,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78720,78721,78723,78725,78727],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78722,95],{"class":94},[47,78724,99],{"class":98},[47,78726,4307],{"class":102},[47,78728,106],{"class":98},[20,78730,144],{},[38,78732,78734],{"className":40,"code":78733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78735,78736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78737,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78739,4092],{"class":98},[47,78741,3493],{"class":61},[47,78743,351],{"class":65},[47,78745,3493],{"class":61},[47,78747,136],{"class":98},[47,78749,3488],{"class":61},[47,78751,4281],{"class":65},[47,78753,3493],{"class":61},[47,78755,136],{"class":98},[47,78757,3488],{"class":61},[47,78759,4290],{"class":65},[47,78761,3493],{"class":61},[47,78763,3828],{"class":98},[20,78765,78766,78767,420],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78768,78769],{},"key=str.lower",[38,78771,78773],{"className":40,"code":78772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78774,78775,78807,78829,78833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78776,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78778,4263],{"class":53},[47,78780,58],{"class":57},[47,78782,3815],{"class":98},[47,78784,128],{"class":61},[47,78786,4281],{"class":65},[47,78788,128],{"class":61},[47,78790,136],{"class":98},[47,78792,62],{"class":61},[47,78794,351],{"class":65},[47,78796,128],{"class":61},[47,78798,136],{"class":98},[47,78800,62],{"class":61},[47,78802,4290],{"class":65},[47,78804,128],{"class":61},[47,78806,3828],{"class":98},[47,78808,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78810,4307],{"class":53},[47,78812,445],{"class":98},[47,78814,34995],{"class":102},[47,78816,99],{"class":98},[47,78818,15035],{"class":951},[47,78820,58],{"class":57},[47,78822,3636],{"class":1788},[47,78824,445],{"class":98},[47,78826,8833],{"class":24948},[47,78828,106],{"class":98},[47,78830,78831],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78832,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78834,78835,78837,78839,78841],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78836,95],{"class":94},[47,78838,99],{"class":98},[47,78840,4307],{"class":102},[47,78842,106],{"class":98},[20,78844,144],{},[38,78846,78847],{"className":40,"code":78733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,78848,78849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78850,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78852,4092],{"class":98},[47,78854,3493],{"class":61},[47,78856,351],{"class":65},[47,78858,3493],{"class":61},[47,78860,136],{"class":98},[47,78862,3488],{"class":61},[47,78864,4281],{"class":65},[47,78866,3493],{"class":61},[47,78868,136],{"class":98},[47,78870,3488],{"class":61},[47,78872,4290],{"class":65},[47,78874,3493],{"class":61},[47,78876,3828],{"class":98},[20,78878,78879,78880,78883],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78881,78882],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[33,78885,36807,78887,847],{"id":78886},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78888,15035],{},[20,78890,850,78891,78893],{},[15,78892,15035],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78895,7538],{},[187,78897,78898,78903],{},[190,78899,78900,78902],{},[15,78901,11355],{}," to sort by length",[190,78904,78905,78907],{},[15,78906,78882],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78909,78910],{},"Sort words by length:",[38,78912,78914],{"className":40,"code":78913,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78915,78916,78957,78975,78979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78917,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78919,4263],{"class":53},[47,78921,58],{"class":57},[47,78923,3815],{"class":98},[47,78925,128],{"class":61},[47,78927,78928],{"class":65},"pear",[47,78930,128],{"class":61},[47,78932,136],{"class":98},[47,78934,62],{"class":61},[47,78936,4281],{"class":65},[47,78938,128],{"class":61},[47,78940,136],{"class":98},[47,78942,62],{"class":61},[47,78944,38550],{"class":65},[47,78946,128],{"class":61},[47,78948,136],{"class":98},[47,78950,62],{"class":61},[47,78952,4272],{"class":65},[47,78954,128],{"class":61},[47,78956,3828],{"class":98},[47,78958,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,78960,4307],{"class":53},[47,78962,445],{"class":98},[47,78964,34995],{"class":102},[47,78966,99],{"class":98},[47,78968,15035],{"class":951},[47,78970,58],{"class":57},[47,78972,11355],{"class":94},[47,78974,106],{"class":98},[47,78976,78977],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,78978,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,78980,78981,78983,78985,78987],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,78982,95],{"class":94},[47,78984,99],{"class":98},[47,78986,4307],{"class":102},[47,78988,106],{"class":98},[20,78990,144],{},[38,78992,78994],{"className":40,"code":78993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78995,78996],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,78997,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,78999,4092],{"class":98},[47,79001,3493],{"class":61},[47,79003,38550],{"class":65},[47,79005,3493],{"class":61},[47,79007,136],{"class":98},[47,79009,3488],{"class":61},[47,79011,78928],{"class":65},[47,79013,3493],{"class":61},[47,79015,136],{"class":98},[47,79017,3488],{"class":61},[47,79019,4272],{"class":65},[47,79021,3493],{"class":61},[47,79023,136],{"class":98},[47,79025,3488],{"class":61},[47,79027,4281],{"class":65},[47,79029,3493],{"class":61},[47,79031,3828],{"class":98},[20,79033,79034],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[38,79036,79038],{"className":40,"code":79037,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79039,79040,79073,79095,79099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79041,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060,79062,79064,79066,79069,79071],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79043,4263],{"class":53},[47,79045,58],{"class":57},[47,79047,3815],{"class":98},[47,79049,128],{"class":61},[47,79051,5210],{"class":65},[47,79053,128],{"class":61},[47,79055,136],{"class":98},[47,79057,62],{"class":61},[47,79059,17999],{"class":65},[47,79061,128],{"class":61},[47,79063,136],{"class":98},[47,79065,62],{"class":61},[47,79067,79068],{"class":65},"Carol",[47,79070,128],{"class":61},[47,79072,3828],{"class":98},[47,79074,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79076,4307],{"class":53},[47,79078,445],{"class":98},[47,79080,34995],{"class":102},[47,79082,99],{"class":98},[47,79084,15035],{"class":951},[47,79086,58],{"class":57},[47,79088,3636],{"class":1788},[47,79090,445],{"class":98},[47,79092,8833],{"class":24948},[47,79094,106],{"class":98},[47,79096,79097],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,79098,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,79100,79101,79103,79105,79107],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,79102,95],{"class":94},[47,79104,99],{"class":98},[47,79106,4307],{"class":102},[47,79108,106],{"class":98},[20,79110,144],{},[38,79112,79114],{"className":40,"code":79113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79115,79116],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79117,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79119,4092],{"class":98},[47,79121,3493],{"class":61},[47,79123,17999],{"class":65},[47,79125,3493],{"class":61},[47,79127,136],{"class":98},[47,79129,3488],{"class":61},[47,79131,5210],{"class":65},[47,79133,3493],{"class":61},[47,79135,136],{"class":98},[47,79137,3488],{"class":61},[47,79139,79068],{"class":65},[47,79141,3493],{"class":61},[47,79143,3828],{"class":98},[20,79145,850,79146,79148],{},[15,79147,15035],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[33,79150,79152,10778,79154],{"id":79151},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79153,78051],{},[15,79155,74608],{},[20,79157,79158,839,79160,79162],{},[15,79159,78051],{},[15,79161,74608],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79164,79165,420],{},[15,79166,78051],{},[187,79168,79169,79172],{},[190,79170,79171],{},"Changes the existing list",[190,79173,11618,79174],{},[15,79175,285],{},[20,79177,79178,420],{},[15,79179,74608],{},[187,79181,79182,79185],{},[190,79183,79184],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[190,79186,79187],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79189,204],{},[38,79191,79193],{"className":40,"code":79192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79194,79195,79215,79219,79233,79237,79247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79196,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79198,3810],{"class":53},[47,79200,58],{"class":57},[47,79202,3815],{"class":98},[47,79204,2263],{"class":80},[47,79206,136],{"class":98},[47,79208,1545],{"class":80},[47,79210,136],{"class":98},[47,79212,1562],{"class":80},[47,79214,3828],{"class":98},[47,79216,79217],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79218,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,79220,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,79222,56074],{"class":53},[47,79224,58],{"class":57},[47,79226,74742],{"class":94},[47,79228,99],{"class":98},[47,79230,195],{"class":102},[47,79232,106],{"class":98},[47,79234,79235],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,79236,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,79238,79239,79241,79243,79245],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,79240,95],{"class":94},[47,79242,99],{"class":98},[47,79244,195],{"class":102},[47,79246,106],{"class":98},[47,79248,79249,79251,79253,79255],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,79250,95],{"class":94},[47,79252,99],{"class":98},[47,79254,74465],{"class":102},[47,79256,106],{"class":98},[20,79258,144],{},[38,79260,79261],{"className":40,"code":74777,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,79262,79263,79279],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79264,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79266,4092],{"class":98},[47,79268,2263],{"class":80},[47,79270,136],{"class":98},[47,79272,1545],{"class":80},[47,79274,136],{"class":98},[47,79276,1562],{"class":80},[47,79278,3828],{"class":98},[47,79280,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79282,4092],{"class":98},[47,79284,1476],{"class":80},[47,79286,136],{"class":98},[47,79288,1562],{"class":80},[47,79290,136],{"class":98},[47,79292,249],{"class":80},[47,79294,3828],{"class":98},[20,79296,167,79297,79299],{},[15,79298,74608],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79301,79302,79303,839,79307,445],{},"You can learn more in ",[594,79304,13,79305,5978],{"href":74705},[15,79306,74608],{},[594,79308,79310],{"href":79309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[33,79312,1595],{"id":1594},[20,79314,79315,79316,445],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79317,78051],{},[447,79319,12789,79321],{"id":79320},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79322,64497],{},[20,79324,25889],{},[38,79326,79328],{"className":40,"code":79327,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79329,79330,79350,79364,79368,79378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79331,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79333,3810],{"class":53},[47,79335,58],{"class":57},[47,79337,3815],{"class":98},[47,79339,2263],{"class":80},[47,79341,136],{"class":98},[47,79343,1545],{"class":80},[47,79345,136],{"class":98},[47,79347,1562],{"class":80},[47,79349,3828],{"class":98},[47,79351,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79353,1290],{"class":53},[47,79355,58],{"class":57},[47,79357,4457],{"class":53},[47,79359,445],{"class":98},[47,79361,34995],{"class":102},[47,79363,8836],{"class":98},[47,79365,79366],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,79367,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,79369,79370,79372,79374,79376],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,79371,95],{"class":94},[47,79373,99],{"class":98},[47,79375,1315],{"class":102},[47,79377,106],{"class":98},[47,79379,79380,79382,79384,79386],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,79381,95],{"class":94},[47,79383,99],{"class":98},[47,79385,195],{"class":102},[47,79387,106],{"class":98},[20,79389,144],{},[38,79391,79393],{"className":40,"code":79392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79394,79395,79399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79396,79397],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79398,1335],{"class":1334},[47,79400,79401,79403,79405,79407,79409,79411,79413],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79402,4092],{"class":98},[47,79404,1476],{"class":80},[47,79406,136],{"class":98},[47,79408,1562],{"class":80},[47,79410,136],{"class":98},[47,79412,249],{"class":80},[47,79414,3828],{"class":98},[20,79416,79417,79419,79420,445],{},[15,79418,64497],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79421,285],{},[20,79423,79424,79425,6825],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79426,74608],{},[447,79428,79430],{"id":79429},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79432,79433],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[38,79435,79437],{"className":40,"code":79436,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79438,79439,79464],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79456,79458,79460,79462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79442,7975],{"class":53},[47,79444,58],{"class":57},[47,79446,3815],{"class":98},[47,79448,1476],{"class":80},[47,79450,136],{"class":98},[47,79452,62],{"class":61},[47,79454,79455],{"class":65},"two",[47,79457,128],{"class":61},[47,79459,136],{"class":98},[47,79461,249],{"class":80},[47,79463,3828],{"class":98},[47,79465,79466,79468,79470,79472],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79467,8006],{"class":53},[47,79469,445],{"class":98},[47,79471,34995],{"class":102},[47,79473,8836],{"class":98},[20,79475,3194,79476,79478],{},[15,79477,1707],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[447,79480,4900,79482,79484],{"id":79481},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79483,64497],{}," only works on lists",[20,79486,79487,79489],{},[15,79488,64497],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79491,16839],{},[38,79493,79495],{"className":40,"code":79494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79496,79497,79509],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79498,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79500,34884],{"class":53},[47,79502,58],{"class":57},[47,79504,62],{"class":61},[47,79506,42],{"class":65},[47,79508,69],{"class":61},[47,79510,79511,79513,79515,79517],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79512,192],{"class":53},[47,79514,445],{"class":98},[47,79516,34995],{"class":102},[47,79518,8836],{"class":98},[20,79520,79521,79522,33798],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79523,64497],{},[20,79525,79526],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[38,79528,79530],{"className":40,"code":79529,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79531,79532,79550,79560,79564],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79533,79534,79536,79538,79540,79542,79544,79546,79548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79535,36284],{"class":53},[47,79537,58],{"class":57},[47,79539,22757],{"class":1788},[47,79541,99],{"class":98},[47,79543,128],{"class":61},[47,79545,42],{"class":65},[47,79547,128],{"class":61},[47,79549,106],{"class":98},[47,79551,79552,79554,79556,79558],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79553,36337],{"class":53},[47,79555,445],{"class":98},[47,79557,34995],{"class":102},[47,79559,8836],{"class":98},[47,79561,79562],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,79563,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,79565,79566,79568,79570,79572],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,79567,95],{"class":94},[47,79569,99],{"class":98},[47,79571,36337],{"class":102},[47,79573,106],{"class":98},[20,79575,144],{},[38,79577,79579],{"className":40,"code":79578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79580,79581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79582,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593,79595,79597,79599,79601,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79584,4092],{"class":98},[47,79586,3493],{"class":61},[47,79588,60623],{"class":65},[47,79590,3493],{"class":61},[47,79592,136],{"class":98},[47,79594,3488],{"class":61},[47,79596,76214],{"class":65},[47,79598,3493],{"class":61},[47,79600,136],{"class":98},[47,79602,3488],{"class":61},[47,79604,60658],{"class":65},[47,79606,3493],{"class":61},[47,79608,136],{"class":98},[47,79610,3488],{"class":61},[47,79612,20],{"class":65},[47,79614,3493],{"class":61},[47,79616,136],{"class":98},[47,79618,3488],{"class":61},[47,79620,63472],{"class":65},[47,79622,3493],{"class":61},[47,79624,136],{"class":98},[47,79626,3488],{"class":61},[47,79628,11941],{"class":65},[47,79630,3493],{"class":61},[47,79632,3828],{"class":98},[447,79634,79636,79637,79639],{"id":79635},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79638,15035],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79641,79642,79643,445],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79644,15035],{},[20,79646,79647,79648,79650],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79649,64497],{}," will not do that:",[38,79652,79654],{"className":40,"code":79653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79655,79656,79688,79706,79710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79657,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79659,4263],{"class":53},[47,79661,58],{"class":57},[47,79663,3815],{"class":98},[47,79665,128],{"class":61},[47,79667,4281],{"class":65},[47,79669,128],{"class":61},[47,79671,136],{"class":98},[47,79673,62],{"class":61},[47,79675,38550],{"class":65},[47,79677,128],{"class":61},[47,79679,136],{"class":98},[47,79681,62],{"class":61},[47,79683,4272],{"class":65},[47,79685,128],{"class":61},[47,79687,3828],{"class":98},[47,79689,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79691,4307],{"class":53},[47,79693,445],{"class":98},[47,79695,34995],{"class":102},[47,79697,99],{"class":98},[47,79699,15035],{"class":951},[47,79701,58],{"class":57},[47,79703,11355],{"class":94},[47,79705,106],{"class":98},[47,79707,79708],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,79709,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,79711,79712,79714,79716,79718],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,79713,95],{"class":94},[47,79715,99],{"class":98},[47,79717,4307],{"class":102},[47,79719,106],{"class":98},[447,79721,79723],{"id":79722},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79725,79726],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[38,79728,79730],{"className":40,"code":79729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79731,79732,79766,79776,79780],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79733,79734,79736,79738,79740,79742,79745,79747,79749,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79762,79764],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79735,4263],{"class":53},[47,79737,58],{"class":57},[47,79739,3815],{"class":98},[47,79741,128],{"class":61},[47,79743,79744],{"class":65},"zebra",[47,79746,128],{"class":61},[47,79748,136],{"class":98},[47,79750,62],{"class":61},[47,79752,351],{"class":65},[47,79754,128],{"class":61},[47,79756,136],{"class":98},[47,79758,62],{"class":61},[47,79760,79761],{"class":65},"monkey",[47,79763,128],{"class":61},[47,79765,3828],{"class":98},[47,79767,79768,79770,79772,79774],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79769,4307],{"class":53},[47,79771,445],{"class":98},[47,79773,34995],{"class":102},[47,79775,8836],{"class":98},[47,79777,79778],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,79779,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,79781,79782,79784,79786,79788],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,79783,95],{"class":94},[47,79785,99],{"class":98},[47,79787,4307],{"class":102},[47,79789,106],{"class":98},[20,79791,144],{},[38,79793,79795],{"className":40,"code":79794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79796,79797],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79798,79799,79801,79803,79805,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815,79817,79819,79821,79823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79800,4092],{"class":98},[47,79802,3493],{"class":61},[47,79804,351],{"class":65},[47,79806,3493],{"class":61},[47,79808,136],{"class":98},[47,79810,3488],{"class":61},[47,79812,79761],{"class":65},[47,79814,3493],{"class":61},[47,79816,136],{"class":98},[47,79818,3488],{"class":61},[47,79820,79744],{"class":65},[47,79822,3493],{"class":61},[47,79824,3828],{"class":98},[20,79826,167,79827,79829],{},[15,79828,78769],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[447,79831,60895],{"id":60894},[20,79833,79834],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,79836,79838],{"className":40,"code":79837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79839,79840,79850,79864,79878,79892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79841,79842,79844,79846,79848],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79843,95],{"class":94},[47,79845,99],{"class":98},[47,79847,8533],{"class":102},[47,79849,106],{"class":98},[47,79851,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860,79862],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,79853,95],{"class":94},[47,79855,99],{"class":98},[47,79857,1922],{"class":1788},[47,79859,99],{"class":98},[47,79861,8533],{"class":102},[47,79863,1796],{"class":98},[47,79865,79866,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,79867,95],{"class":94},[47,79869,99],{"class":98},[47,79871,8533],{"class":102},[47,79873,445],{"class":98},[47,79875,34995],{"class":102},[47,79877,7389],{"class":98},[47,79879,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,79881,95],{"class":94},[47,79883,99],{"class":98},[47,79885,74698],{"class":94},[47,79887,99],{"class":98},[47,79889,8533],{"class":102},[47,79891,1796],{"class":98},[47,79893,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,79895,95],{"class":94},[47,79897,3178],{"class":98},[47,79899,1922],{"class":1788},[47,79901,99],{"class":98},[47,79903,23508],{"class":102},[47,79905,3854],{"class":98},[47,79907,4069],{"class":1461},[47,79909,6155],{"class":102},[47,79911,1468],{"class":1461},[47,79913,8589],{"class":102},[47,79915,4080],{"class":98},[20,79917,11364],{},[187,79919,79920,79923,79926,79933,79939],{},[190,79921,79922],{},"What values are in the list",[190,79924,79925],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[190,79927,79928,79929,1270,79931],{},"That ",[15,79930,64497],{},[15,79932,285],{},[190,79934,79935,79936,79938],{},"Whether ",[15,79937,74608],{}," works better for your case",[190,79940,79941],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79943,79944,79945,79947],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79946,1707],{}," problems.",[33,79949,1969],{"id":1968},[447,79951,1973,79953,55653],{"id":79952},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79954,78051],{},[20,79956,62788,79957,445],{},[15,79958,285],{},[447,79960,2055,79962,839,79964,2009],{"id":79961},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79963,64497],{},[15,79965,74608],{},[20,79967,79968,79970,79971,79973],{},[15,79969,64497],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79972,74608],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[447,79975,79977],{"id":79976},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79979,18891],{},[38,79981,79983],{"className":40,"code":79982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79984,79985],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,79986,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,79988,8533],{"class":53},[47,79990,445],{"class":98},[47,79992,34995],{"class":102},[47,79994,99],{"class":98},[47,79996,73761],{"class":951},[47,79998,58],{"class":57},[47,80000,3795],{"class":1334},[47,80002,106],{"class":98},[447,80004,80006],{"id":80005},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80008,18891],{},[38,80010,80012],{"className":40,"code":80011,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80013,80014],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80015,80016,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026,80028,80030,80032,80034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80017,8533],{"class":53},[47,80019,445],{"class":98},[47,80021,34995],{"class":102},[47,80023,99],{"class":98},[47,80025,15035],{"class":951},[47,80027,58],{"class":57},[47,80029,3636],{"class":1788},[47,80031,445],{"class":98},[47,80033,8833],{"class":24948},[47,80035,106],{"class":98},[20,80037,80038],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[447,80040,80042,80043,80045],{"id":80041},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80044,1707],{}," when sorting?",[20,80047,80048],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[33,80050,2075],{"id":2074},[187,80052,80053,80058,80064,80068],{},[190,80054,80055],{},[594,80056,80057],{"href":78560},"How to sort a list in Python",[190,80059,80060],{},[594,80061,13,80062,5978],{"href":74705},[15,80063,74608],{},[190,80065,80066],{},[594,80067,67262],{"href":51164},[190,80069,80070],{},[594,80071,79310],{"href":79309},[2110,80073,80074],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":80076},[80077,80078,80080,80081,80082,80083,80085,80087,80098,80108],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":78117,"depth":72,"text":80079},"What list.sort() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":78372,"depth":72,"text":78373},{"id":78564,"depth":72,"text":78565},{"id":78886,"depth":72,"text":80084},"Using the key argument",{"id":79151,"depth":72,"text":80086},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":80088},[80089,80091,80092,80094,80096,80097],{"id":79320,"depth":84,"text":80090},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79429,"depth":84,"text":79430},{"id":79481,"depth":84,"text":80093},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79635,"depth":84,"text":80095},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79722,"depth":84,"text":79723},{"id":60894,"depth":84,"text":60895},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":80099},[80100,80102,80104,80105,80106],{"id":79952,"depth":84,"text":80101},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79961,"depth":84,"text":80103},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79976,"depth":84,"text":79977},{"id":80005,"depth":84,"text":80006},{"id":80041,"depth":84,"text":80107},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78039,"description":80109},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80116,"title":80117,"body":80118,"description":82748,"extension":2167,"meta":82749,"navigation":87,"path":82750,"seo":82751,"stem":82752,"__hash__":82753},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80119,"toc":82707},[80120,80125,80130,80133,80144,80147,80167,80169,80231,80233,80274,80283,80288,80293,80299,80310,80312,80331,80334,80339,80344,80346,80351,80365,80367,80385,80387,80404,80407,80413,80436,80441,80443,80446,80507,80509,80542,80544,80583,80591,80601,80607,80612,80705,80707,80731,80733,80751,80754,80785,80791,80796,80799,80801,80926,80928,80952,80954,80973,80979,80985,81104,81106,81123,81130,81136,81141,81148,81154,81156,81213,81216,81237,81240,81243,81304,81306,81339,81343,81413,81415,81432,81436,81439,81514,81516,81553,81556,81559,81630,81632,81693,81698,81703,81706,81720,81722,81795,81797,81817,81820,81823,81880,81942,81945,81977,81980,81995,82000,82002,82008,82011,82067,82070,82072,82091,82095,82097,82141,82150,82152,82212,82216,82219,82221,82314,82316,82431,82435,82437,82511,82514,82517,82519,82524,82589,82591,82615,82625,82627,82633,82642,82651,82660,82666,82669,82673,82676,82678,82704],[10,80121,13,80123,18],{"id":80122},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80124,39908],{},[20,80126,3773,80127,80129],{},[15,80128,39908],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80131,80132],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[187,80134,80135,80138,80141],{},[190,80136,80137],{},"converting numbers to strings",[190,80139,80140],{},"changing strings to integers",[190,80142,80143],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80145,80146],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[187,80148,80149,80156,80162],{},[190,80150,80151,14248,80153,80155],{},[15,80152,39908],{},[280,80154,4826],{}," return a list in Python 3",[190,80157,80158,80159],{},"it returns a ",[280,80160,80161],{},"map object",[190,80163,80164,80165],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80166,24979],{},[33,80168,36],{"id":35},[38,80170,80172],{"className":40,"code":80171,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80173,80174,80198,80217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80175,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80177,3810],{"class":53},[47,80179,58],{"class":57},[47,80181,3815],{"class":98},[47,80183,1476],{"class":80},[47,80185,136],{"class":98},[47,80187,1562],{"class":80},[47,80189,136],{"class":98},[47,80191,249],{"class":80},[47,80193,136],{"class":98},[47,80195,393],{"class":80},[47,80197,3828],{"class":98},[47,80199,80200,80202,80204,80207,80209,80211,80213,80215],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80201,1290],{"class":53},[47,80203,58],{"class":57},[47,80205,80206],{"class":94}," map",[47,80208,99],{"class":98},[47,80210,3636],{"class":1788},[47,80212,136],{"class":98},[47,80214,4457],{"class":102},[47,80216,106],{"class":98},[47,80218,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,80220,95],{"class":94},[47,80222,99],{"class":98},[47,80224,8288],{"class":1788},[47,80226,99],{"class":98},[47,80228,1315],{"class":102},[47,80230,1796],{"class":98},[20,80232,144],{},[38,80234,80236],{"className":40,"code":80235,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80237,80238],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80239,80240,80242,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80241,4092],{"class":98},[47,80243,3493],{"class":61},[47,80245,1476],{"class":65},[47,80247,3493],{"class":61},[47,80249,136],{"class":98},[47,80251,3488],{"class":61},[47,80253,243],{"class":65},[47,80255,3493],{"class":61},[47,80257,136],{"class":98},[47,80259,3488],{"class":61},[47,80261,2263],{"class":65},[47,80263,3493],{"class":61},[47,80265,136],{"class":98},[47,80267,3488],{"class":61},[47,80269,2700],{"class":65},[47,80271,3493],{"class":61},[47,80273,3828],{"class":98},[20,80275,167,80276,80279,80280,80282],{},[15,80277,80278],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80281,24979],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[33,80284,174,80286,177],{"id":80285},"what-map-does",[15,80287,39908],{},[20,80289,80290,80292],{},[15,80291,39908],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80294,80295,80296,80298],{},"An ",[280,80297,3913],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[187,80300,80301,80303,80305,80307],{},[190,80302,38093],{},[190,80304,38096],{},[190,80306,38099],{},[190,80308,80309],{},"a range object",[20,80311,293],{},[38,80313,80315],{"className":40,"code":80314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80316,80317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80318,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80320,40051],{"class":94},[47,80322,99],{"class":98},[47,80324,38052],{"class":102},[47,80326,136],{"class":98},[47,80328,38057],{"class":102},[47,80330,106],{"class":98},[20,80332,80333],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80335,80336,80337,33939],{},"Important: the result is a ",[280,80338,80161],{},[20,80340,80341,80342,445],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[594,80343,5333],{"href":5332},[33,80345,290],{"id":289},[20,80347,80348,80350],{},[15,80349,39908],{}," needs at least two parts:",[187,80352,80353,80359],{},[190,80354,80355,80358],{},[280,80356,80357],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[190,80360,80361,80364],{},[280,80362,80363],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80366,3898],{},[38,80368,80369],{"className":40,"code":80314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80370,80371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80372,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80374,40051],{"class":94},[47,80376,99],{"class":98},[47,80378,38052],{"class":102},[47,80380,136],{"class":98},[47,80382,38057],{"class":102},[47,80384,106],{"class":98},[20,80386,322],{},[187,80388,80389,80398,80401],{},[190,80390,80391,80392,2390,80394,2394,80396],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80393,3636],{},[15,80395,2389],{},[15,80397,2220],{},[190,80399,80400],{},"your own custom function",[190,80402,80403],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80405,80406],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80408,80409,80410,80412],{},"You will often see ",[15,80411,39908],{}," used like this:",[38,80414,80416],{"className":40,"code":80415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80417,80418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80419,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80421,8288],{"class":1788},[47,80423,99],{"class":98},[47,80425,40051],{"class":94},[47,80427,99],{"class":98},[47,80429,38052],{"class":102},[47,80431,136],{"class":98},[47,80433,4077],{"class":102},[47,80435,1796],{"class":98},[20,80437,6871,80438,80440],{},[15,80439,24979],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[33,80442,11670],{"id":11669},[20,80444,80445],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[38,80447,80449],{"className":40,"code":80448,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80450,80451,80471,80489,80493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80452,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80454,3810],{"class":53},[47,80456,58],{"class":57},[47,80458,3815],{"class":98},[47,80460,582],{"class":80},[47,80462,136],{"class":98},[47,80464,7986],{"class":80},[47,80466,136],{"class":98},[47,80468,7991],{"class":80},[47,80470,3828],{"class":98},[47,80472,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80474,1290],{"class":53},[47,80476,58],{"class":57},[47,80478,80206],{"class":94},[47,80480,99],{"class":98},[47,80482,3636],{"class":1788},[47,80484,136],{"class":98},[47,80486,4457],{"class":102},[47,80488,106],{"class":98},[47,80490,80491],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,80492,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,80494,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,80496,95],{"class":94},[47,80498,99],{"class":98},[47,80500,8288],{"class":1788},[47,80502,99],{"class":98},[47,80504,1315],{"class":102},[47,80506,1796],{"class":98},[20,80508,144],{},[38,80510,80512],{"className":40,"code":80511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80513,80514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80515,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80517,4092],{"class":98},[47,80519,3493],{"class":61},[47,80521,582],{"class":65},[47,80523,3493],{"class":61},[47,80525,136],{"class":98},[47,80527,3488],{"class":61},[47,80529,15949],{"class":65},[47,80531,3493],{"class":61},[47,80533,136],{"class":98},[47,80535,3488],{"class":61},[47,80537,37034],{"class":65},[47,80539,3493],{"class":61},[47,80541,3828],{"class":98},[20,80543,11879],{},[187,80545,80546,80551,80559,80567,80575],{},[190,80547,80548,80550],{},[15,80549,195],{}," contains integers",[190,80552,80553,80556,80557],{},[15,80554,80555],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80558,798],{},[190,80560,80561,42345,80564],{},[15,80562,80563],{},"str(10)",[15,80565,80566],{},"'10'",[190,80568,80569,42345,80572],{},[15,80570,80571],{},"str(20)",[15,80573,80574],{},"'20'",[190,80576,80577,42345,80580],{},[15,80578,80579],{},"str(30)",[15,80581,80582],{},"'30'",[20,80584,53838,80585,80587,80588,80590],{},[15,80586,39908],{}," applies ",[15,80589,798],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80592,80593,80594,80596,80597,445],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80595,24979],{}," better, see ",[594,80598,13,80599,2088],{"href":65033},[15,80600,24979],{},[33,80602,1654,80604,80606],{"id":80603},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80605,39908],{}," with your own function",[20,80608,15909,80609,80611],{},[15,80610,39908],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[38,80613,80615],{"className":40,"code":80614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80616,80617,80630,80640,80644,80668,80687,80691],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80618,80619,80621,80624,80626,80628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80620,35047],{"class":2266},[47,80622,80623],{"class":35050}," double",[47,80625,99],{"class":98},[47,80627,2374],{"class":37854},[47,80629,1483],{"class":98},[47,80631,80632,80634,80636,80638],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80633,35058],{"class":1461},[47,80635,4072],{"class":53},[47,80637,40064],{"class":57},[47,80639,45778],{"class":80},[47,80641,80642],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,80643,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,80645,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,80647,3810],{"class":53},[47,80649,58],{"class":57},[47,80651,3815],{"class":98},[47,80653,1476],{"class":80},[47,80655,136],{"class":98},[47,80657,1562],{"class":80},[47,80659,136],{"class":98},[47,80661,249],{"class":80},[47,80663,136],{"class":98},[47,80665,393],{"class":80},[47,80667,3828],{"class":98},[47,80669,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80681,80683,80685],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,80671,1290],{"class":53},[47,80673,58],{"class":57},[47,80675,80206],{"class":94},[47,80677,99],{"class":98},[47,80679,80680],{"class":102},"double",[47,80682,136],{"class":98},[47,80684,4457],{"class":102},[47,80686,106],{"class":98},[47,80688,80689],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,80690,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,80692,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,80694,95],{"class":94},[47,80696,99],{"class":98},[47,80698,8288],{"class":1788},[47,80700,99],{"class":98},[47,80702,1315],{"class":102},[47,80704,1796],{"class":98},[20,80706,144],{},[38,80708,80709],{"className":40,"code":40077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,80710,80711],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80712,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80714,4092],{"class":98},[47,80716,243],{"class":80},[47,80718,136],{"class":98},[47,80720,393],{"class":80},[47,80722,136],{"class":98},[47,80724,398],{"class":80},[47,80726,136],{"class":98},[47,80728,6553],{"class":80},[47,80730,3828],{"class":98},[20,80732,65769],{},[187,80734,80735,80742,80748],{},[190,80736,80737,80739,80740],{},[15,80738,39908],{}," takes the function ",[15,80741,80680],{},[190,80743,80744,80745,80747],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80746,195],{}," into that function",[190,80749,80750],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80752,80753],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[187,80755,80756,80763,80770,80778],{},[190,80757,80758,6266,80761],{},[15,80759,80760],{},"double(1)",[15,80762,243],{},[190,80764,80765,6266,80768],{},[15,80766,80767],{},"double(2)",[15,80769,2700],{},[190,80771,80772,6266,80775],{},[15,80773,80774],{},"double(3)",[15,80776,80777],{},"6",[190,80779,80780,6266,80783],{},[15,80781,80782],{},"double(4)",[15,80784,2543],{},[33,80786,1654,80788,80790],{"id":80787},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80789,39908],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80792,80793,80795],{},[15,80794,39908],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80797,80798],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80800,204],{},[38,80802,80804],{"className":40,"code":80803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80805,80806,80823,80833,80837,80858,80879,80883,80908,80912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80807,80808,80810,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80809,35047],{"class":2266},[47,80811,80812],{"class":35050}," add_numbers",[47,80814,99],{"class":98},[47,80816,594],{"class":37854},[47,80818,136],{"class":98},[47,80820,2755],{"class":37854},[47,80822,1483],{"class":98},[47,80824,80825,80827,80829,80831],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,80826,35058],{"class":1461},[47,80828,44735],{"class":53},[47,80830,710],{"class":57},[47,80832,36376],{"class":53},[47,80834,80835],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,80836,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,80838,80839,80842,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,80840,80841],{"class":53},"list1 ",[47,80843,58],{"class":57},[47,80845,3815],{"class":98},[47,80847,1476],{"class":80},[47,80849,136],{"class":98},[47,80851,1562],{"class":80},[47,80853,136],{"class":98},[47,80855,249],{"class":80},[47,80857,3828],{"class":98},[47,80859,80860,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875,80877],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,80861,80862],{"class":53},"list2 ",[47,80864,58],{"class":57},[47,80866,3815],{"class":98},[47,80868,582],{"class":80},[47,80870,136],{"class":98},[47,80872,7986],{"class":80},[47,80874,136],{"class":98},[47,80876,7991],{"class":80},[47,80878,3828],{"class":98},[47,80880,80881],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,80882,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,80884,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893,80896,80898,80901,80903,80906],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,80886,1290],{"class":53},[47,80888,58],{"class":57},[47,80890,80206],{"class":94},[47,80892,99],{"class":98},[47,80894,80895],{"class":102},"add_numbers",[47,80897,136],{"class":98},[47,80899,80900],{"class":102}," list1",[47,80902,136],{"class":98},[47,80904,80905],{"class":102}," list2",[47,80907,106],{"class":98},[47,80909,80910],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,80911,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,80913,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,80915,95],{"class":94},[47,80917,99],{"class":98},[47,80919,8288],{"class":1788},[47,80921,99],{"class":98},[47,80923,1315],{"class":102},[47,80925,1796],{"class":98},[20,80927,144],{},[38,80929,80931],{"className":40,"code":80930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80932,80933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80934,80935,80937,80940,80942,80945,80947,80950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80936,4092],{"class":98},[47,80938,80939],{"class":80},"11",[47,80941,136],{"class":98},[47,80943,80944],{"class":80}," 22",[47,80946,136],{"class":98},[47,80948,80949],{"class":80}," 33",[47,80951,3828],{"class":98},[20,80953,2379],{},[187,80955,80956,80962,80968],{},[190,80957,80958,80959],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80960,80961],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[190,80963,80964,80965],{},"then ",[15,80966,80967],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[190,80969,80964,80970],{},[15,80971,80972],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[447,80974,80976,80978],{"id":80975},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80977,39908],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80980,80981,80982,80984],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80983,39908],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[38,80986,80988],{"className":40,"code":80987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80989,80990,81006,81016,81020,81044,81060,81064,81086,81090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,80991,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,80993,35047],{"class":2266},[47,80995,80812],{"class":35050},[47,80997,99],{"class":98},[47,80999,594],{"class":37854},[47,81001,136],{"class":98},[47,81003,2755],{"class":37854},[47,81005,1483],{"class":98},[47,81007,81008,81010,81012,81014],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81009,35058],{"class":1461},[47,81011,44735],{"class":53},[47,81013,710],{"class":57},[47,81015,36376],{"class":53},[47,81017,81018],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81019,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81021,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,81023,80841],{"class":53},[47,81025,58],{"class":57},[47,81027,3815],{"class":98},[47,81029,1476],{"class":80},[47,81031,136],{"class":98},[47,81033,1562],{"class":80},[47,81035,136],{"class":98},[47,81037,249],{"class":80},[47,81039,136],{"class":98},[47,81041,393],{"class":80},[47,81043,3828],{"class":98},[47,81045,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,81047,80862],{"class":53},[47,81049,58],{"class":57},[47,81051,3815],{"class":98},[47,81053,582],{"class":80},[47,81055,136],{"class":98},[47,81057,7986],{"class":80},[47,81059,3828],{"class":98},[47,81061,81062],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,81063,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81065,81066,81068,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,81067,1290],{"class":53},[47,81069,58],{"class":57},[47,81071,80206],{"class":94},[47,81073,99],{"class":98},[47,81075,80895],{"class":102},[47,81077,136],{"class":98},[47,81079,80900],{"class":102},[47,81081,136],{"class":98},[47,81083,80905],{"class":102},[47,81085,106],{"class":98},[47,81087,81088],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,81089,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81091,81092,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,81093,95],{"class":94},[47,81095,99],{"class":98},[47,81097,8288],{"class":1788},[47,81099,99],{"class":98},[47,81101,1315],{"class":102},[47,81103,1796],{"class":98},[20,81105,144],{},[38,81107,81109],{"className":40,"code":81108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81110,81111],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81112,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81114,4092],{"class":98},[47,81116,80939],{"class":80},[47,81118,136],{"class":98},[47,81120,80944],{"class":80},[47,81122,3828],{"class":98},[20,81124,81125,81126,81129],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81127,81128],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[33,81131,81133,81135],{"id":81132},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81134,39908],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81137,38215,81138,81140],{},[15,81139,39908],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81142,81143,81144,81147],{},"This object is ",[280,81145,81146],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[447,81149,2684,81151,81153],{"id":81150},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81152,33224],{}," looks strange",[20,81155,33840],{},[38,81157,81159],{"className":40,"code":81158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81160,81161,81181,81199,81203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81162,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81164,3810],{"class":53},[47,81166,58],{"class":57},[47,81168,3815],{"class":98},[47,81170,1476],{"class":80},[47,81172,136],{"class":98},[47,81174,1562],{"class":80},[47,81176,136],{"class":98},[47,81178,249],{"class":80},[47,81180,3828],{"class":98},[47,81182,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191,81193,81195,81197],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81184,1290],{"class":53},[47,81186,58],{"class":57},[47,81188,80206],{"class":94},[47,81190,99],{"class":98},[47,81192,3636],{"class":1788},[47,81194,136],{"class":98},[47,81196,4457],{"class":102},[47,81198,106],{"class":98},[47,81200,81201],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81202,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81204,81205,81207,81209,81211],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,81206,95],{"class":94},[47,81208,99],{"class":98},[47,81210,1315],{"class":102},[47,81212,106],{"class":98},[20,81214,81215],{},"Output will look something like this:",[38,81217,81219],{"className":40,"code":81218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81220,81221],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81222,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231,81233,81235],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81224,3482],{"class":57},[47,81226,40051],{"class":94},[47,81228,24815],{"class":1788},[47,81230,37556],{"class":53},[47,81232,37560],{"class":37559},[47,81234,37563],{"class":1213},[47,81236,3496],{"class":57},[20,81238,81239],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81241,81242],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[38,81244,81246],{"className":40,"code":81245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81247,81248,81268,81286,81290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81249,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81251,3810],{"class":53},[47,81253,58],{"class":57},[47,81255,3815],{"class":98},[47,81257,1476],{"class":80},[47,81259,136],{"class":98},[47,81261,1562],{"class":80},[47,81263,136],{"class":98},[47,81265,249],{"class":80},[47,81267,3828],{"class":98},[47,81269,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81271,1290],{"class":53},[47,81273,58],{"class":57},[47,81275,80206],{"class":94},[47,81277,99],{"class":98},[47,81279,3636],{"class":1788},[47,81281,136],{"class":98},[47,81283,4457],{"class":102},[47,81285,106],{"class":98},[47,81287,81288],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81289,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81291,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,81293,95],{"class":94},[47,81295,99],{"class":98},[47,81297,8288],{"class":1788},[47,81299,99],{"class":98},[47,81301,1315],{"class":102},[47,81303,1796],{"class":98},[20,81305,144],{},[38,81307,81309],{"className":40,"code":81308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81310,81311],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81312,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331,81333,81335,81337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81314,4092],{"class":98},[47,81316,3493],{"class":61},[47,81318,1476],{"class":65},[47,81320,3493],{"class":61},[47,81322,136],{"class":98},[47,81324,3488],{"class":61},[47,81326,243],{"class":65},[47,81328,3493],{"class":61},[47,81330,136],{"class":98},[47,81332,3488],{"class":61},[47,81334,2263],{"class":65},[47,81336,3493],{"class":61},[47,81338,3828],{"class":98},[447,81340,81342],{"id":81341},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[38,81344,81346],{"className":40,"code":81345,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81347,81348,81368,81386,81390,81403],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81349,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81351,3810],{"class":53},[47,81353,58],{"class":57},[47,81355,3815],{"class":98},[47,81357,1476],{"class":80},[47,81359,136],{"class":98},[47,81361,1562],{"class":80},[47,81363,136],{"class":98},[47,81365,249],{"class":80},[47,81367,3828],{"class":98},[47,81369,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81371,1290],{"class":53},[47,81373,58],{"class":57},[47,81375,80206],{"class":94},[47,81377,99],{"class":98},[47,81379,3636],{"class":1788},[47,81381,136],{"class":98},[47,81383,4457],{"class":102},[47,81385,106],{"class":98},[47,81387,81388],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81389,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81391,81392,81394,81396,81398,81401],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,81393,1462],{"class":1461},[47,81395,6155],{"class":53},[47,81397,1468],{"class":1461},[47,81399,81400],{"class":53}," result",[47,81402,6586],{"class":98},[47,81404,81405,81407,81409,81411],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,81406,1499],{"class":94},[47,81408,99],{"class":98},[47,81410,23508],{"class":102},[47,81412,106],{"class":98},[20,81414,144],{},[38,81416,81418],{"className":40,"code":81417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81419,81420,81424,81428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81421,81422],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81423,47104],{"class":80},[47,81425,81426],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81427,17252],{"class":80},[47,81429,81430],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81431,46804],{"class":80},[447,81433,81435],{"id":81434},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81437,81438],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[38,81440,81442],{"className":40,"code":81441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81443,81444,81464,81482,81486,81500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81445,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81447,3810],{"class":53},[47,81449,58],{"class":57},[47,81451,3815],{"class":98},[47,81453,1476],{"class":80},[47,81455,136],{"class":98},[47,81457,1562],{"class":80},[47,81459,136],{"class":98},[47,81461,249],{"class":80},[47,81463,3828],{"class":98},[47,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81467,1290],{"class":53},[47,81469,58],{"class":57},[47,81471,80206],{"class":94},[47,81473,99],{"class":98},[47,81475,3636],{"class":1788},[47,81477,136],{"class":98},[47,81479,4457],{"class":102},[47,81481,106],{"class":98},[47,81483,81484],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81485,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81487,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,81489,95],{"class":94},[47,81491,99],{"class":98},[47,81493,8288],{"class":1788},[47,81495,99],{"class":98},[47,81497,1315],{"class":102},[47,81499,1796],{"class":98},[47,81501,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,81503,95],{"class":94},[47,81505,99],{"class":98},[47,81507,8288],{"class":1788},[47,81509,99],{"class":98},[47,81511,1315],{"class":102},[47,81513,1796],{"class":98},[20,81515,144],{},[38,81517,81519],{"className":40,"code":81518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81520,81521,81549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81522,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81524,4092],{"class":98},[47,81526,3493],{"class":61},[47,81528,1476],{"class":65},[47,81530,3493],{"class":61},[47,81532,136],{"class":98},[47,81534,3488],{"class":61},[47,81536,243],{"class":65},[47,81538,3493],{"class":61},[47,81540,136],{"class":98},[47,81542,3488],{"class":61},[47,81544,2263],{"class":65},[47,81546,3493],{"class":61},[47,81548,3828],{"class":98},[47,81550,81551],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81552,38489],{"class":98},[20,81554,81555],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81557,81558],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[38,81560,81562],{"className":40,"code":81561,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81563,81564,81584,81606,81610,81620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81565,81566,81568,81570,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81567,3810],{"class":53},[47,81569,58],{"class":57},[47,81571,3815],{"class":98},[47,81573,1476],{"class":80},[47,81575,136],{"class":98},[47,81577,1562],{"class":80},[47,81579,136],{"class":98},[47,81581,249],{"class":80},[47,81583,3828],{"class":98},[47,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81587,1290],{"class":53},[47,81589,58],{"class":57},[47,81591,22757],{"class":1788},[47,81593,99],{"class":98},[47,81595,40051],{"class":94},[47,81597,99],{"class":98},[47,81599,3636],{"class":1788},[47,81601,136],{"class":98},[47,81603,4457],{"class":102},[47,81605,1796],{"class":98},[47,81607,81608],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81609,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81611,81612,81614,81616,81618],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,81613,95],{"class":94},[47,81615,99],{"class":98},[47,81617,1315],{"class":102},[47,81619,106],{"class":98},[47,81621,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,81623,95],{"class":94},[47,81625,99],{"class":98},[47,81627,1315],{"class":102},[47,81629,106],{"class":98},[20,81631,144],{},[38,81633,81635],{"className":40,"code":81634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81636,81637,81665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81638,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81640,4092],{"class":98},[47,81642,3493],{"class":61},[47,81644,1476],{"class":65},[47,81646,3493],{"class":61},[47,81648,136],{"class":98},[47,81650,3488],{"class":61},[47,81652,243],{"class":65},[47,81654,3493],{"class":61},[47,81656,136],{"class":98},[47,81658,3488],{"class":61},[47,81660,2263],{"class":65},[47,81662,3493],{"class":61},[47,81664,3828],{"class":98},[47,81666,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685,81687,81689,81691],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81668,4092],{"class":98},[47,81670,3493],{"class":61},[47,81672,1476],{"class":65},[47,81674,3493],{"class":61},[47,81676,136],{"class":98},[47,81678,3488],{"class":61},[47,81680,243],{"class":65},[47,81682,3493],{"class":61},[47,81684,136],{"class":98},[47,81686,3488],{"class":61},[47,81688,2263],{"class":65},[47,81690,3493],{"class":61},[47,81692,3828],{"class":98},[33,81694,5158,81696],{"id":81695},"when-to-use-map",[15,81697,39908],{},[20,81699,81700,81702],{},[15,81701,39908],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81704,81705],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[187,81707,81708,81712,81716],{},[190,81709,81710],{},[15,81711,3636],{},[190,81713,81714],{},[15,81715,2389],{},[190,81717,81718],{},[15,81719,2220],{},[20,81721,204],{},[38,81723,81725],{"className":40,"code":81724,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81726,81727,81759,81781,81785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81728,81729,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753,81755,81757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81730,4015],{"class":53},[47,81732,58],{"class":57},[47,81734,3815],{"class":98},[47,81736,3493],{"class":61},[47,81738,1476],{"class":65},[47,81740,3493],{"class":61},[47,81742,136],{"class":98},[47,81744,3488],{"class":61},[47,81746,243],{"class":65},[47,81748,3493],{"class":61},[47,81750,136],{"class":98},[47,81752,3488],{"class":61},[47,81754,2263],{"class":65},[47,81756,3493],{"class":61},[47,81758,3828],{"class":98},[47,81760,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81762,3810],{"class":53},[47,81764,58],{"class":57},[47,81766,22757],{"class":1788},[47,81768,99],{"class":98},[47,81770,40051],{"class":94},[47,81772,99],{"class":98},[47,81774,2389],{"class":1788},[47,81776,136],{"class":98},[47,81778,4077],{"class":102},[47,81780,1796],{"class":98},[47,81782,81783],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81784,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,81786,81787,81789,81791,81793],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,81788,95],{"class":94},[47,81790,99],{"class":98},[47,81792,195],{"class":102},[47,81794,106],{"class":98},[20,81796,144],{},[38,81798,81799],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81800,81801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81802,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81804,4092],{"class":98},[47,81806,1476],{"class":80},[47,81808,136],{"class":98},[47,81810,1562],{"class":80},[47,81812,136],{"class":98},[47,81814,249],{"class":80},[47,81816,3828],{"class":98},[20,81818,81819],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81821,81822],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[38,81824,81826],{"className":40,"code":81825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81827,81828,81848,81870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81829,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81831,3810],{"class":53},[47,81833,58],{"class":57},[47,81835,3815],{"class":98},[47,81837,1476],{"class":80},[47,81839,136],{"class":98},[47,81841,1562],{"class":80},[47,81843,136],{"class":98},[47,81845,249],{"class":80},[47,81847,3828],{"class":98},[47,81849,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81851,1290],{"class":53},[47,81853,58],{"class":57},[47,81855,22757],{"class":1788},[47,81857,99],{"class":98},[47,81859,40051],{"class":94},[47,81861,99],{"class":98},[47,81863,3636],{"class":1788},[47,81865,136],{"class":98},[47,81867,4457],{"class":102},[47,81869,1796],{"class":98},[47,81871,81872,81874,81876,81878],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81873,95],{"class":94},[47,81875,99],{"class":98},[47,81877,1315],{"class":102},[47,81879,106],{"class":98},[38,81881,81883],{"className":40,"code":81882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81884,81885,81905,81932],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81886,81887,81889,81891,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81888,3810],{"class":53},[47,81890,58],{"class":57},[47,81892,3815],{"class":98},[47,81894,1476],{"class":80},[47,81896,136],{"class":98},[47,81898,1562],{"class":80},[47,81900,136],{"class":98},[47,81902,249],{"class":80},[47,81904,3828],{"class":98},[47,81906,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923,81926,81928,81930],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,81908,1290],{"class":53},[47,81910,58],{"class":57},[47,81912,3815],{"class":98},[47,81914,3636],{"class":1788},[47,81916,99],{"class":98},[47,81918,76214],{"class":102},[47,81920,3854],{"class":98},[47,81922,4069],{"class":1461},[47,81924,81925],{"class":53}," n ",[47,81927,1468],{"class":1461},[47,81929,4457],{"class":53},[47,81931,3828],{"class":98},[47,81933,81934,81936,81938,81940],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,81935,95],{"class":94},[47,81937,99],{"class":98},[47,81939,1315],{"class":102},[47,81941,106],{"class":98},[20,81943,81944],{},"Both produce:",[38,81946,81947],{"className":40,"code":81308,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,81948,81949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,81950,81951,81953,81955,81957,81959,81961,81963,81965,81967,81969,81971,81973,81975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,81952,4092],{"class":98},[47,81954,3493],{"class":61},[47,81956,1476],{"class":65},[47,81958,3493],{"class":61},[47,81960,136],{"class":98},[47,81962,3488],{"class":61},[47,81964,243],{"class":65},[47,81966,3493],{"class":61},[47,81968,136],{"class":98},[47,81970,3488],{"class":61},[47,81972,2263],{"class":65},[47,81974,3493],{"class":61},[47,81976,3828],{"class":98},[20,81978,81979],{},"A simple rule:",[187,81981,81982,81987,81992],{},[190,81983,40181,81984,81986],{},[15,81985,39908],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[190,81988,40187,81989,81991],{},[15,81990,1462],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[190,81993,81994],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81996,81997,81998,445],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[594,81999,4587],{"href":4586},[33,82001,4713],{"id":4712},[447,82003,82005,82006],{"id":82004},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82007,24979],{},[20,82009,82010],{},"This is very common:",[38,82012,82013],{"className":40,"code":81158,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82014,82015,82035,82053,82057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82016,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027,82029,82031,82033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82018,3810],{"class":53},[47,82020,58],{"class":57},[47,82022,3815],{"class":98},[47,82024,1476],{"class":80},[47,82026,136],{"class":98},[47,82028,1562],{"class":80},[47,82030,136],{"class":98},[47,82032,249],{"class":80},[47,82034,3828],{"class":98},[47,82036,82037,82039,82041,82043,82045,82047,82049,82051],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82038,1290],{"class":53},[47,82040,58],{"class":57},[47,82042,80206],{"class":94},[47,82044,99],{"class":98},[47,82046,3636],{"class":1788},[47,82048,136],{"class":98},[47,82050,4457],{"class":102},[47,82052,106],{"class":98},[47,82054,82055],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82056,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82058,82059,82061,82063,82065],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,82060,95],{"class":94},[47,82062,99],{"class":98},[47,82064,1315],{"class":102},[47,82066,106],{"class":98},[20,82068,82069],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82071,39453],{},[38,82073,82075],{"className":40,"code":82074,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82076,82077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82078,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087,82089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82080,95],{"class":94},[47,82082,99],{"class":98},[47,82084,8288],{"class":1788},[47,82086,99],{"class":98},[47,82088,1315],{"class":102},[47,82090,1796],{"class":98},[447,82092,82094],{"id":82093},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82096,16839],{},[38,82098,82100],{"className":40,"code":82099,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82101,82102,82122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82103,82104,82106,82108,82110,82112,82114,82116,82118,82120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82105,3810],{"class":53},[47,82107,58],{"class":57},[47,82109,3815],{"class":98},[47,82111,1476],{"class":80},[47,82113,136],{"class":98},[47,82115,1562],{"class":80},[47,82117,136],{"class":98},[47,82119,249],{"class":80},[47,82121,3828],{"class":98},[47,82123,82124,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134,82137,82139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82125,1290],{"class":53},[47,82127,58],{"class":57},[47,82129,80206],{"class":94},[47,82131,99],{"class":98},[47,82133,3636],{"class":1788},[47,82135,82136],{"class":98},"(),",[47,82138,4457],{"class":102},[47,82140,106],{"class":98},[20,82142,82143,82144,82146,82147,82149],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82145,798],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82148,39908],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82151,16851],{},[38,82153,82154],{"className":40,"code":81245,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82155,82156,82176,82194,82198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82157,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170,82172,82174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82159,3810],{"class":53},[47,82161,58],{"class":57},[47,82163,3815],{"class":98},[47,82165,1476],{"class":80},[47,82167,136],{"class":98},[47,82169,1562],{"class":80},[47,82171,136],{"class":98},[47,82173,249],{"class":80},[47,82175,3828],{"class":98},[47,82177,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188,82190,82192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82179,1290],{"class":53},[47,82181,58],{"class":57},[47,82183,80206],{"class":94},[47,82185,99],{"class":98},[47,82187,3636],{"class":1788},[47,82189,136],{"class":98},[47,82191,4457],{"class":102},[47,82193,106],{"class":98},[47,82195,82196],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82197,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82199,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,82201,95],{"class":94},[47,82203,99],{"class":98},[47,82205,8288],{"class":1788},[47,82207,99],{"class":98},[47,82209,1315],{"class":102},[47,82211,1796],{"class":98},[447,82213,82215],{"id":82214},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82217,82218],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82220,16839],{},[38,82222,82224],{"className":40,"code":82223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82225,82226,82243,82253,82257,82277,82296,82300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82227,82228,82230,82233,82235,82237,82239,82241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82229,35047],{"class":2266},[47,82231,82232],{"class":35050}," add",[47,82234,99],{"class":98},[47,82236,594],{"class":37854},[47,82238,136],{"class":98},[47,82240,2755],{"class":37854},[47,82242,1483],{"class":98},[47,82244,82245,82247,82249,82251],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82246,35058],{"class":1461},[47,82248,44735],{"class":53},[47,82250,710],{"class":57},[47,82252,36376],{"class":53},[47,82254,82255],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82256,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82258,82259,82261,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,82260,3810],{"class":53},[47,82262,58],{"class":57},[47,82264,3815],{"class":98},[47,82266,1476],{"class":80},[47,82268,136],{"class":98},[47,82270,1562],{"class":80},[47,82272,136],{"class":98},[47,82274,249],{"class":80},[47,82276,3828],{"class":98},[47,82278,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82290,82292,82294],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82280,1290],{"class":53},[47,82282,58],{"class":57},[47,82284,80206],{"class":94},[47,82286,99],{"class":98},[47,82288,82289],{"class":102},"add",[47,82291,136],{"class":98},[47,82293,4457],{"class":102},[47,82295,106],{"class":98},[47,82297,82298],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,82299,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82301,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,82303,95],{"class":94},[47,82305,99],{"class":98},[47,82307,8288],{"class":1788},[47,82309,99],{"class":98},[47,82311,1315],{"class":102},[47,82313,1796],{"class":98},[20,82315,16851],{},[38,82317,82319],{"className":40,"code":82318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82320,82321,82337,82347,82351,82371,82391,82413,82417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82322,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82324,35047],{"class":2266},[47,82326,82232],{"class":35050},[47,82328,99],{"class":98},[47,82330,594],{"class":37854},[47,82332,136],{"class":98},[47,82334,2755],{"class":37854},[47,82336,1483],{"class":98},[47,82338,82339,82341,82343,82345],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82340,35058],{"class":1461},[47,82342,44735],{"class":53},[47,82344,710],{"class":57},[47,82346,36376],{"class":53},[47,82348,82349],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82350,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82352,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367,82369],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,82354,80841],{"class":53},[47,82356,58],{"class":57},[47,82358,3815],{"class":98},[47,82360,1476],{"class":80},[47,82362,136],{"class":98},[47,82364,1562],{"class":80},[47,82366,136],{"class":98},[47,82368,249],{"class":80},[47,82370,3828],{"class":98},[47,82372,82373,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82374,80862],{"class":53},[47,82376,58],{"class":57},[47,82378,3815],{"class":98},[47,82380,582],{"class":80},[47,82382,136],{"class":98},[47,82384,7986],{"class":80},[47,82386,136],{"class":98},[47,82388,7991],{"class":80},[47,82390,3828],{"class":98},[47,82392,82393,82395,82397,82399,82401,82403,82405,82407,82409,82411],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,82394,1290],{"class":53},[47,82396,58],{"class":57},[47,82398,80206],{"class":94},[47,82400,99],{"class":98},[47,82402,82289],{"class":102},[47,82404,136],{"class":98},[47,82406,80900],{"class":102},[47,82408,136],{"class":98},[47,82410,80905],{"class":102},[47,82412,106],{"class":98},[47,82414,82415],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,82416,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82418,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,82420,95],{"class":94},[47,82422,99],{"class":98},[47,82424,8288],{"class":1788},[47,82426,99],{"class":98},[47,82428,1315],{"class":102},[47,82430,1796],{"class":98},[447,82432,82434],{"id":82433},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82436,16839],{},[38,82438,82439],{"className":40,"code":81441,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,82440,82441,82461,82479,82483,82497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82442,82443,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455,82457,82459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82444,3810],{"class":53},[47,82446,58],{"class":57},[47,82448,3815],{"class":98},[47,82450,1476],{"class":80},[47,82452,136],{"class":98},[47,82454,1562],{"class":80},[47,82456,136],{"class":98},[47,82458,249],{"class":80},[47,82460,3828],{"class":98},[47,82462,82463,82465,82467,82469,82471,82473,82475,82477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82464,1290],{"class":53},[47,82466,58],{"class":57},[47,82468,80206],{"class":94},[47,82470,99],{"class":98},[47,82472,3636],{"class":1788},[47,82474,136],{"class":98},[47,82476,4457],{"class":102},[47,82478,106],{"class":98},[47,82480,82481],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82482,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82484,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,82486,95],{"class":94},[47,82488,99],{"class":98},[47,82490,8288],{"class":1788},[47,82492,99],{"class":98},[47,82494,1315],{"class":102},[47,82496,1796],{"class":98},[47,82498,82499,82501,82503,82505,82507,82509],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82500,95],{"class":94},[47,82502,99],{"class":98},[47,82504,8288],{"class":1788},[47,82506,99],{"class":98},[47,82508,1315],{"class":102},[47,82510,1796],{"class":98},[20,82512,82513],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82515,82516],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[33,82518,68080],{"id":68079},[20,82520,1625,82521,82523],{},[15,82522,39908],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,82525,82527],{"className":40,"code":82526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82528,82529,82539,82553,82567,82579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82530,82531,82533,82535,82537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82532,95],{"class":94},[47,82534,99],{"class":98},[47,82536,1315],{"class":102},[47,82538,106],{"class":98},[47,82540,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82542,95],{"class":94},[47,82544,99],{"class":98},[47,82546,8288],{"class":1788},[47,82548,99],{"class":98},[47,82550,1315],{"class":102},[47,82552,1796],{"class":98},[47,82554,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82556,95],{"class":94},[47,82558,99],{"class":98},[47,82560,1922],{"class":1788},[47,82562,99],{"class":98},[47,82564,1315],{"class":102},[47,82566,1796],{"class":98},[47,82568,82569,82571,82573,82575,82577],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,82570,1462],{"class":1461},[47,82572,6155],{"class":53},[47,82574,1468],{"class":1461},[47,82576,81400],{"class":53},[47,82578,6586],{"class":98},[47,82580,82581,82583,82585,82587],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82582,1499],{"class":94},[47,82584,99],{"class":98},[47,82586,23508],{"class":102},[47,82588,106],{"class":98},[20,82590,12867],{},[187,82592,82593,82598,82603,82609],{},[190,82594,82595,82597],{},[15,82596,33224],{}," shows that you have a map object",[190,82599,82600,82602],{},[15,82601,33232],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[190,82604,82605,82608],{},[15,82606,82607],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[190,82610,82611,82612,82614],{},"looping over ",[15,82613,1315],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82616,82617,82618,82621,82622,82624],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82619,82620],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82623,1462],{}," loop consume the map object.",[33,82626,1969],{"id":1968},[447,82628,1973,82630,82632],{"id":82629},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82631,39908],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82634,82635,82636,82638,82639,24136],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82637,39908],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82640,82641],{},"list(map(...))",[447,82643,15097,82645,82647,82648,82650],{"id":82644},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82646,39908],{}," better than a ",[15,82649,1462],{}," loop?",[20,82652,82653,82654,82656,82657,82659],{},"Not always. ",[15,82655,39908],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82658,1462],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[447,82661,1989,82663,82665],{"id":82662},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82664,39908],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82667,82668],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[447,82670,82672],{"id":82671},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82674,82675],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[33,82677,2075],{"id":2074},[187,82679,82680,82686,82692,82696,82700],{},[190,82681,82682],{},[594,82683,13,82684,2088],{"href":40276},[15,82685,37768],{},[190,82687,82688],{},[594,82689,13,82690,2088],{"href":65033},[15,82691,24979],{},[190,82693,82694],{},[594,82695,5415],{"href":5328},[190,82697,82698],{},[594,82699,5420],{"href":4586},[190,82701,82702],{},[594,82703,5410],{"href":5332},[2110,82705,82706],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":82708},[82709,82710,82712,82713,82714,82716,82721,82728,82730,82737,82738,82747],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":80285,"depth":72,"text":82711},"What map() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":80603,"depth":72,"text":82715},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80787,"depth":72,"text":82717,"children":82718},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82719],{"id":80975,"depth":84,"text":82720},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81132,"depth":72,"text":82722,"children":82723},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82724,82726,82727],{"id":81150,"depth":84,"text":82725},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81341,"depth":84,"text":81342},{"id":81434,"depth":84,"text":81435},{"id":81695,"depth":72,"text":82729},"When to use map()",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":82731},[82732,82734,82735,82736],{"id":82004,"depth":84,"text":82733},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82093,"depth":84,"text":82094},{"id":82214,"depth":84,"text":82215},{"id":82433,"depth":84,"text":82434},{"id":68079,"depth":72,"text":68080},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":82739},[82740,82742,82744,82746],{"id":82629,"depth":84,"text":82741},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82644,"depth":84,"text":82743},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82662,"depth":84,"text":82745},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82671,"depth":84,"text":82672},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80117,"description":82748},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82755,"title":82756,"body":82757,"description":84776,"extension":2167,"meta":84777,"navigation":87,"path":84778,"seo":84779,"stem":84780,"__hash__":84781},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82758,"toc":84734},[82759,82765,82770,82773,82781,82784,82786,82910,82912,82930,82932,82952,82957,82961,82975,82978,82981,82983,82988,83099,83102,83120,83126,83129,83191,83193,83202,83205,83219,83221,83269,83271,83280,83290,83296,83299,83326,83328,83336,83339,83342,83412,83414,83422,83425,83430,83435,83486,83488,83496,83499,83501,83518,83520,83572,83575,83581,83585,83590,83593,83597,83656,83658,83667,83673,83682,83686,83749,83751,83759,83764,83768,83773,83853,83855,83864,83871,83876,83881,83884,83919,83921,83929,83932,83938,83940,83990,83992,84001,84004,84022,84024,84029,84035,84042,84069,84071,84094,84099,84134,84139,84145,84150,84193,84196,84199,84238,84245,84251,84256,84271,84275,84282,84285,84289,84294,84298,84303,84305,84366,84368,84397,84402,84409,84418,84420,84423,84448,84450,84553,84556,84574,84583,84585,84590,84593,84599,84602,84604,84614,84620,84624,84682,84689,84697,84699,84731],[10,82760,13,82762,18],{"id":82761},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82763,82764],{},"max()",[20,82766,9316,82767,82769],{},[15,82768,82764],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82771,82772],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[187,82774,82775,82778],{},[190,82776,82777],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[190,82779,82780],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82782,82783],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[33,82785,36],{"id":35},[38,82787,82789],{"className":40,"code":82788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82790,82791,82815,82830,82834,82860,82864,82896],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82792,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809,82811,82813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82794,3810],{"class":53},[47,82796,58],{"class":57},[47,82798,3815],{"class":98},[47,82800,2263],{"class":80},[47,82802,136],{"class":98},[47,82804,6553],{"class":80},[47,82806,136],{"class":98},[47,82808,1562],{"class":80},[47,82810,136],{"class":98},[47,82812,4800],{"class":80},[47,82814,3828],{"class":98},[47,82816,82817,82819,82821,82824,82826,82828],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82818,95],{"class":94},[47,82820,99],{"class":98},[47,82822,82823],{"class":94},"max",[47,82825,99],{"class":98},[47,82827,195],{"class":102},[47,82829,1796],{"class":98},[47,82831,82832],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82833,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82835,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,82837,95],{"class":94},[47,82839,99],{"class":98},[47,82841,82823],{"class":94},[47,82843,99],{"class":98},[47,82845,2263],{"class":80},[47,82847,136],{"class":98},[47,82849,6553],{"class":80},[47,82851,136],{"class":98},[47,82853,1562],{"class":80},[47,82855,136],{"class":98},[47,82857,4800],{"class":80},[47,82859,1796],{"class":98},[47,82861,82862],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,82863,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,82865,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,82867,4263],{"class":53},[47,82869,58],{"class":57},[47,82871,3815],{"class":98},[47,82873,128],{"class":61},[47,82875,4272],{"class":65},[47,82877,128],{"class":61},[47,82879,136],{"class":98},[47,82881,62],{"class":61},[47,82883,4281],{"class":65},[47,82885,128],{"class":61},[47,82887,136],{"class":98},[47,82889,62],{"class":61},[47,82891,78928],{"class":65},[47,82893,128],{"class":61},[47,82895,3828],{"class":98},[47,82897,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,82899,95],{"class":94},[47,82901,99],{"class":98},[47,82903,82823],{"class":94},[47,82905,99],{"class":98},[47,82907,4307],{"class":102},[47,82909,1796],{"class":98},[20,82911,144],{},[38,82913,82915],{"className":40,"code":82914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82916,82917,82921,82925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82918,82919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82920,2579],{"class":80},[47,82922,82923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,82924,2579],{"class":80},[47,82926,82927],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,82928,82929],{"class":53},"pear\n",[20,82931,20154],{},[187,82933,82934,82940,82946],{},[190,82935,82936,82939],{},[15,82937,82938],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[190,82941,82942,82945],{},[15,82943,82944],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[190,82947,82948,82951],{},[15,82949,82950],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[33,82953,174,82955,177],{"id":82954},"what-max-does",[15,82956,82764],{},[20,82958,82959,420],{},[15,82960,82764],{},[187,82962,82963,82966,82969,82972],{},[190,82964,82965],{},"Returns the largest item",[190,82967,82968],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[190,82970,82971],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[190,82973,82974],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82976,82977],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82979,82980],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[33,82982,290],{"id":289},[20,82984,82985,82986,420],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82987,82764],{},[38,82989,82991],{"className":40,"code":82990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82992,82993,83003,83026,83048,83071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,82994,82995,82997,82999,83001],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,82996,82823],{"class":94},[47,82998,99],{"class":98},[47,83000,3913],{"class":102},[47,83002,106],{"class":98},[47,83004,83005,83007,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83019,83021,83024],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83006,82823],{"class":94},[47,83008,99],{"class":98},[47,83010,3913],{"class":102},[47,83012,136],{"class":98},[47,83014,585],{"class":57},[47,83016,136],{"class":98},[47,83018,21777],{"class":951},[47,83020,58],{"class":57},[47,83022,83023],{"class":102},"func",[47,83025,106],{"class":98},[47,83027,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,83029,82823],{"class":94},[47,83031,99],{"class":98},[47,83033,3913],{"class":102},[47,83035,136],{"class":98},[47,83037,585],{"class":57},[47,83039,136],{"class":98},[47,83041,26722],{"class":951},[47,83043,58],{"class":57},[47,83045,2668],{"class":102},[47,83047,106],{"class":98},[47,83049,83050,83052,83054,83057,83059,83062,83064,83066,83069],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,83051,82823],{"class":94},[47,83053,99],{"class":98},[47,83055,83056],{"class":102},"arg1",[47,83058,136],{"class":98},[47,83060,83061],{"class":102}," arg2",[47,83063,136],{"class":98},[47,83065,585],{"class":57},[47,83067,83068],{"class":102},"args",[47,83070,106],{"class":98},[47,83072,83073,83075,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093,83095,83097],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,83074,82823],{"class":94},[47,83076,99],{"class":98},[47,83078,83056],{"class":102},[47,83080,136],{"class":98},[47,83082,83061],{"class":102},[47,83084,136],{"class":98},[47,83086,585],{"class":57},[47,83088,83068],{"class":102},[47,83090,136],{"class":98},[47,83092,21777],{"class":951},[47,83094,58],{"class":57},[47,83096,83023],{"class":102},[47,83098,106],{"class":98},[20,83100,83101],{},"The most important parts are:",[187,83103,83104,83109,83114],{},[190,83105,83106,83108],{},[15,83107,3913],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[190,83110,83111,83113],{},[15,83112,15035],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[190,83115,83116,83119],{},[15,83117,83118],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[33,83121,1654,83123,83125],{"id":83122},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83124,82764],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83127,83128],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[38,83130,83132],{"className":40,"code":83131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83133,83134,83160,83176,83180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83135,83136,83138,83140,83142,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155,83158],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83137,5261],{"class":53},[47,83139,58],{"class":57},[47,83141,3815],{"class":98},[47,83143,83144],{"class":80},"72",[47,83146,136],{"class":98},[47,83148,51695],{"class":80},[47,83150,136],{"class":98},[47,83152,13701],{"class":80},[47,83154,136],{"class":98},[47,83156,83157],{"class":80}," 66",[47,83159,3828],{"class":98},[47,83161,83162,83165,83167,83170,83172,83174],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83163,83164],{"class":53},"highest_score ",[47,83166,58],{"class":57},[47,83168,83169],{"class":94}," max",[47,83171,99],{"class":98},[47,83173,16584],{"class":102},[47,83175,106],{"class":98},[47,83177,83178],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,83179,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,83181,83182,83184,83186,83189],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,83183,95],{"class":94},[47,83185,99],{"class":98},[47,83187,83188],{"class":102},"highest_score",[47,83190,106],{"class":98},[20,83192,144],{},[38,83194,83196],{"className":40,"code":83195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"91\n",[15,83197,83198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83199,83200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83201,83195],{"class":80},[20,83203,83204],{},"This works well for:",[187,83206,83207,83210,83213,83216],{},[190,83208,83209],{},"Scores",[190,83211,83212],{},"Prices",[190,83214,83215],{},"Ages",[190,83217,83218],{},"Counts",[20,83220,52265],{},[38,83222,83224],{"className":40,"code":83223,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83225,83226,83254],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83227,83228,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83242,83244,83247,83249,83252],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83229,83230],{"class":53},"prices ",[47,83232,58],{"class":57},[47,83234,3815],{"class":98},[47,83236,40588],{"class":80},[47,83238,136],{"class":98},[47,83240,83241],{"class":80}," 5.50",[47,83243,136],{"class":98},[47,83245,83246],{"class":80}," 12.75",[47,83248,136],{"class":98},[47,83250,83251],{"class":80}," 29.00",[47,83253,3828],{"class":98},[47,83255,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264,83267],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83257,95],{"class":94},[47,83259,99],{"class":98},[47,83261,82823],{"class":94},[47,83263,99],{"class":98},[47,83265,83266],{"class":102},"prices",[47,83268,1796],{"class":98},[20,83270,144],{},[38,83272,83274],{"className":40,"code":83273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"29.0\n",[15,83275,83276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83277,83278],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83279,83273],{"class":80},[20,83281,83282,83283,83285,83286,445],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83284,82764],{}," is simpler than ",[594,83287,83288],{"href":74705},[15,83289,74608],{},[33,83291,1654,83293,83295],{"id":83292},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83294,82764],{}," with separate values",[20,83297,83298],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[38,83300,83302],{"className":40,"code":83301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83303,83304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83305,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83307,95],{"class":94},[47,83309,99],{"class":98},[47,83311,82823],{"class":94},[47,83313,99],{"class":98},[47,83315,2700],{"class":80},[47,83317,136],{"class":98},[47,83319,31141],{"class":80},[47,83321,136],{"class":98},[47,83323,6188],{"class":80},[47,83325,1796],{"class":98},[20,83327,144],{},[38,83329,83330],{"className":40,"code":159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83331,83332],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83333,83334],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83335,159],{"class":80},[20,83337,83338],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83340,83341],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[38,83343,83345],{"className":40,"code":83344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83346,83347,83356,83364,83374,83378,83401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83348,83349,83351,83353],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83350,2750],{"class":53},[47,83352,58],{"class":57},[47,83354,83355],{"class":80}," 15\n",[47,83357,83358,83360,83362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83359,2777],{"class":53},[47,83361,58],{"class":57},[47,83363,2963],{"class":80},[47,83365,83366,83369,83371],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,83367,83368],{"class":53},"c ",[47,83370,58],{"class":57},[47,83372,83373],{"class":80}," 27\n",[47,83375,83376],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,83377,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,83379,83380,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,83381,83382],{"class":53},"largest ",[47,83384,58],{"class":57},[47,83386,83169],{"class":94},[47,83388,99],{"class":98},[47,83390,594],{"class":102},[47,83392,136],{"class":98},[47,83394,2755],{"class":102},[47,83396,136],{"class":98},[47,83398,9873],{"class":102},[47,83400,106],{"class":98},[47,83402,83403,83405,83407,83410],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,83404,95],{"class":94},[47,83406,99],{"class":98},[47,83408,83409],{"class":102},"largest",[47,83411,106],{"class":98},[20,83413,144],{},[38,83415,83416],{"className":40,"code":46799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83417,83418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83419,83420],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83421,46799],{"class":80},[20,83423,83424],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[33,83426,1654,83428,47246],{"id":83427},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83429,82764],{},[20,83431,83432,83434],{},[15,83433,82764],{}," can compare strings too.",[38,83436,83438],{"className":40,"code":83437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83439,83440,83472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83441,83442,83444,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83443,4263],{"class":53},[47,83445,58],{"class":57},[47,83447,3815],{"class":98},[47,83449,128],{"class":61},[47,83451,4272],{"class":65},[47,83453,128],{"class":61},[47,83455,136],{"class":98},[47,83457,62],{"class":61},[47,83459,4281],{"class":65},[47,83461,128],{"class":61},[47,83463,136],{"class":98},[47,83465,62],{"class":61},[47,83467,78928],{"class":65},[47,83469,128],{"class":61},[47,83471,3828],{"class":98},[47,83473,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83475,95],{"class":94},[47,83477,99],{"class":98},[47,83479,82823],{"class":94},[47,83481,99],{"class":98},[47,83483,4307],{"class":102},[47,83485,1796],{"class":98},[20,83487,144],{},[38,83489,83490],{"className":40,"code":82929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83491,83492],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83493,83494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83495,82929],{"class":53},[20,83497,83498],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83500,68468],{},[187,83502,83503,83512,83515],{},[190,83504,83505,83508,83509,83511],{},[15,83506,83507],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83510,65459],{}," alphabetically",[190,83513,83514],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[190,83516,83517],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83519,204],{},[38,83521,83523],{"className":40,"code":83522,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83524,83525,83558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83526,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83546,83548,83550,83552,83554,83556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83528,4263],{"class":53},[47,83530,58],{"class":57},[47,83532,3815],{"class":98},[47,83534,128],{"class":61},[47,83536,4272],{"class":65},[47,83538,128],{"class":61},[47,83540,136],{"class":98},[47,83542,62],{"class":61},[47,83544,83545],{"class":65},"Banana",[47,83547,128],{"class":61},[47,83549,136],{"class":98},[47,83551,62],{"class":61},[47,83553,78928],{"class":65},[47,83555,128],{"class":61},[47,83557,3828],{"class":98},[47,83559,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83561,95],{"class":94},[47,83563,99],{"class":98},[47,83565,82823],{"class":94},[47,83567,99],{"class":98},[47,83569,4307],{"class":102},[47,83571,1796],{"class":98},[20,83573,83574],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83576,83577,83578,83580],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83579,15035],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[33,83582,36807,83583,847],{"id":78886},[15,83584,15035],{},[20,83586,850,83587,83589],{},[15,83588,15035],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83591,83592],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[447,83594,83596],{"id":83595},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[38,83598,83600],{"className":40,"code":83599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83601,83602,83634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83603,83604,83606,83608,83610,83612,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83605,4263],{"class":53},[47,83607,58],{"class":57},[47,83609,3815],{"class":98},[47,83611,128],{"class":61},[47,83613,37239],{"class":65},[47,83615,128],{"class":61},[47,83617,136],{"class":98},[47,83619,62],{"class":61},[47,83621,68511],{"class":65},[47,83623,128],{"class":61},[47,83625,136],{"class":98},[47,83627,62],{"class":61},[47,83629,58311],{"class":65},[47,83631,128],{"class":61},[47,83633,3828],{"class":98},[47,83635,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83637,95],{"class":94},[47,83639,99],{"class":98},[47,83641,82823],{"class":94},[47,83643,99],{"class":98},[47,83645,4307],{"class":102},[47,83647,136],{"class":98},[47,83649,21777],{"class":951},[47,83651,58],{"class":57},[47,83653,11355],{"class":94},[47,83655,1796],{"class":98},[20,83657,144],{},[38,83659,83661],{"className":40,"code":83660,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"elephant\n",[15,83662,83663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83664,83665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83666,83660],{"class":53},[20,83668,20968,83669,83672],{},[15,83670,83671],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83674,83675,83676,33826,83678,445],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83677,42550],{},[594,83679,83680,5978],{"href":42547},[15,83681,42550],{},[447,83683,83685],{"id":83684},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[38,83687,83689],{"className":40,"code":83688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83690,83691,83723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83692,83693,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707,83709,83711,83713,83715,83717,83719,83721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83694,4263],{"class":53},[47,83696,58],{"class":57},[47,83698,3815],{"class":98},[47,83700,128],{"class":61},[47,83702,4272],{"class":65},[47,83704,128],{"class":61},[47,83706,136],{"class":98},[47,83708,62],{"class":61},[47,83710,83545],{"class":65},[47,83712,128],{"class":61},[47,83714,136],{"class":98},[47,83716,62],{"class":61},[47,83718,78928],{"class":65},[47,83720,128],{"class":61},[47,83722,3828],{"class":98},[47,83724,83725,83727,83729,83731,83733,83735,83737,83739,83741,83743,83745,83747],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83726,95],{"class":94},[47,83728,99],{"class":98},[47,83730,82823],{"class":94},[47,83732,99],{"class":98},[47,83734,4307],{"class":102},[47,83736,136],{"class":98},[47,83738,21777],{"class":951},[47,83740,58],{"class":57},[47,83742,3636],{"class":1788},[47,83744,445],{"class":98},[47,83746,8833],{"class":24948},[47,83748,1796],{"class":98},[20,83750,144],{},[38,83752,83753],{"className":40,"code":82929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83754,83755],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83756,83757],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83758,82929],{"class":53},[20,83760,20968,83761,83763],{},[15,83762,78882],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[447,83765,83767],{"id":83766},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83769,83770,83771,420],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83772,37851],{},[38,83774,83776],{"className":40,"code":83775,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83777,83778,83821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83779,83780,83782,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83799,83801,83803,83805,83808,83810,83812,83814,83817,83819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83781,7975],{"class":53},[47,83783,58],{"class":57},[47,83785,3815],{"class":98},[47,83787,128],{"class":61},[47,83789,594],{"class":65},[47,83791,128],{"class":61},[47,83793,136],{"class":98},[47,83795,62],{"class":61},[47,83797,83798],{"class":65},"bb",[47,83800,128],{"class":61},[47,83802,136],{"class":98},[47,83804,62],{"class":61},[47,83806,83807],{"class":65},"cccc",[47,83809,128],{"class":61},[47,83811,136],{"class":98},[47,83813,62],{"class":61},[47,83815,83816],{"class":65},"ddd",[47,83818,128],{"class":61},[47,83820,3828],{"class":98},[47,83822,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83824,95],{"class":94},[47,83826,99],{"class":98},[47,83828,82823],{"class":94},[47,83830,99],{"class":98},[47,83832,8006],{"class":102},[47,83834,136],{"class":98},[47,83836,21777],{"class":951},[47,83838,58],{"class":57},[47,83840,37851],{"class":2266},[47,83842,43031],{"class":37854},[47,83844,420],{"class":98},[47,83846,38578],{"class":94},[47,83848,99],{"class":98},[47,83850,192],{"class":102},[47,83852,3106],{"class":98},[20,83854,144],{},[38,83856,83858],{"className":40,"code":83857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cccc\n",[15,83859,83860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83861,83862],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83863,83857],{"class":53},[20,83865,49736,83866,839,83868,83870],{},[15,83867,83671],{},[15,83869,78769],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[33,83872,36807,83874,847],{"id":83873},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83875,83118],{},[20,83877,850,83878,83880],{},[15,83879,83118],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83882,83883],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[38,83885,83887],{"className":40,"code":83886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83888,83889,83897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83890,83891,83893,83895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83892,3810],{"class":53},[47,83894,58],{"class":57},[47,83896,8035],{"class":98},[47,83898,83899,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83900,95],{"class":94},[47,83902,99],{"class":98},[47,83904,82823],{"class":94},[47,83906,99],{"class":98},[47,83908,195],{"class":102},[47,83910,136],{"class":98},[47,83912,26722],{"class":951},[47,83914,58],{"class":57},[47,83916,2321],{"class":80},[47,83918,1796],{"class":98},[20,83920,144],{},[38,83922,83923],{"className":40,"code":47439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,83924,83925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83926,83927],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83928,47439],{"class":80},[20,83930,83931],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83933,83934,83935,83937],{},"Without ",[15,83936,83118],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83939,52265],{},[38,83941,83943],{"className":40,"code":83942,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83944,83945,83953,83980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83946,83947,83949,83951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,83948,4263],{"class":53},[47,83950,58],{"class":57},[47,83952,8035],{"class":98},[47,83954,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83976,83978],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,83956,1290],{"class":53},[47,83958,58],{"class":57},[47,83960,83169],{"class":94},[47,83962,99],{"class":98},[47,83964,4307],{"class":102},[47,83966,136],{"class":98},[47,83968,26722],{"class":951},[47,83970,58],{"class":57},[47,83972,128],{"class":61},[47,83974,83975],{"class":65},"no words found",[47,83977,128],{"class":61},[47,83979,106],{"class":98},[47,83981,83982,83984,83986,83988],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,83983,95],{"class":94},[47,83985,99],{"class":98},[47,83987,1315],{"class":102},[47,83989,106],{"class":98},[20,83991,144],{},[38,83993,83995],{"className":40,"code":83994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"no words found\n",[15,83996,83997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,83998,83999],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84000,83994],{"class":53},[20,84002,84003],{},"Important:",[187,84005,84006,84014],{},[190,84007,84008,84010,84011],{},[15,84009,83118],{}," works with ",[15,84012,84013],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[190,84015,41096,84016,84018,84019],{},[280,84017,4826],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,84020,84021],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[33,84023,48173],{"id":48172},[20,84025,84026,84027,445],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,84028,82764],{},[447,84030,84032,84034],{"id":84031},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,84033,40894],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,84036,84037,84038,46096,84040,445],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,84039,83118],{},[15,84041,40894],{},[38,84043,84045],{"className":40,"code":84044,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84046,84047,84055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84048,84049,84051,84053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84050,3810],{"class":53},[47,84052,58],{"class":57},[47,84054,8035],{"class":98},[47,84056,84057,84059,84061,84063,84065,84067],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84058,95],{"class":94},[47,84060,99],{"class":98},[47,84062,82823],{"class":94},[47,84064,99],{"class":98},[47,84066,195],{"class":102},[47,84068,1796],{"class":98},[20,84070,29879],{},[38,84072,84074],{"className":40,"code":84073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84075,84076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84077,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84089,84091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84079,40894],{"class":1788},[47,84081,420],{"class":98},[47,84083,83169],{"class":94},[47,84085,7561],{"class":98},[47,84087,84088],{"class":53}," arg ",[47,84090,12388],{"class":57},[47,84092,84093],{"class":53}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84095,84096,84097,420],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84098,83118],{},[38,84100,84102],{"className":40,"code":84101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84103,84104,84112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84105,84106,84108,84110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84107,3810],{"class":53},[47,84109,58],{"class":57},[47,84111,8035],{"class":98},[47,84113,84114,84116,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84115,95],{"class":94},[47,84117,99],{"class":98},[47,84119,82823],{"class":94},[47,84121,99],{"class":98},[47,84123,195],{"class":102},[47,84125,136],{"class":98},[47,84127,26722],{"class":951},[47,84129,58],{"class":57},[47,84131,285],{"class":1334},[47,84133,1796],{"class":98},[20,84135,84136,84137,445],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[594,84138,66024],{"href":73062},[447,84140,84142,84144],{"id":84141},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84143,1707],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84146,84147,84148,445],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84149,1707],{},[38,84151,84153],{"className":40,"code":84152,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84154,84155,84179],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84156,84157,84159,84161,84163,84165,84167,84169,84171,84173,84175,84177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84158,7975],{"class":53},[47,84160,58],{"class":57},[47,84162,3815],{"class":98},[47,84164,582],{"class":80},[47,84166,136],{"class":98},[47,84168,62],{"class":61},[47,84170,15949],{"class":65},[47,84172,128],{"class":61},[47,84174,136],{"class":98},[47,84176,7991],{"class":80},[47,84178,3828],{"class":98},[47,84180,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189,84191],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84182,95],{"class":94},[47,84184,99],{"class":98},[47,84186,82823],{"class":94},[47,84188,99],{"class":98},[47,84190,8006],{"class":102},[47,84192,1796],{"class":98},[20,84194,84195],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84197,84198],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[38,84200,84202],{"className":40,"code":84201,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84203,84204,84224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84205,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220,84222],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84207,7975],{"class":53},[47,84209,58],{"class":57},[47,84211,3815],{"class":98},[47,84213,582],{"class":80},[47,84215,136],{"class":98},[47,84217,7986],{"class":80},[47,84219,136],{"class":98},[47,84221,7991],{"class":80},[47,84223,3828],{"class":98},[47,84225,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84227,95],{"class":94},[47,84229,99],{"class":98},[47,84231,82823],{"class":94},[47,84233,99],{"class":98},[47,84235,8006],{"class":102},[47,84237,1796],{"class":98},[20,84239,84240,84241,445],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[594,84242,84244],{"href":84243},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[447,84246,84248,84250],{"id":84247},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84249,1707],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84252,84253,84255],{},[15,84254,82764],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[38,84257,84259],{"className":40,"code":84258,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(max())\n",[15,84260,84261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84262,84263,84265,84267,84269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84264,95],{"class":94},[47,84266,99],{"class":98},[47,84268,82823],{"class":94},[47,84270,7389],{"class":98},[20,84272,3194,84273,445],{},[15,84274,1707],{},[33,84276,84278,10778,84280],{"id":84277},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84279,82764],{},[15,84281,74608],{},[20,84283,84284],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84286,84287,420],{},[15,84288,82764],{},[187,84290,84291],{},[190,84292,84293],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84295,84296,420],{},[15,84297,74608],{},[187,84299,84300],{},[190,84301,84302],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84304,204],{},[38,84306,84308],{"className":40,"code":84307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84309,84310,84334,84338,84352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84311,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84313,3810],{"class":53},[47,84315,58],{"class":57},[47,84317,3815],{"class":98},[47,84319,2263],{"class":80},[47,84321,136],{"class":98},[47,84323,6553],{"class":80},[47,84325,136],{"class":98},[47,84327,1562],{"class":80},[47,84329,136],{"class":98},[47,84331,4800],{"class":80},[47,84333,3828],{"class":98},[47,84335,84336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84337,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,84339,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,84341,95],{"class":94},[47,84343,99],{"class":98},[47,84345,82823],{"class":94},[47,84347,99],{"class":98},[47,84349,195],{"class":102},[47,84351,1796],{"class":98},[47,84353,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,84355,95],{"class":94},[47,84357,99],{"class":98},[47,84359,74698],{"class":94},[47,84361,99],{"class":98},[47,84363,195],{"class":102},[47,84365,1796],{"class":98},[20,84367,144],{},[38,84369,84371],{"className":40,"code":84370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84372,84373,84377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84374,84375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84376,2579],{"class":80},[47,84378,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84380,4092],{"class":98},[47,84382,243],{"class":80},[47,84384,136],{"class":98},[47,84386,249],{"class":80},[47,84388,136],{"class":98},[47,84390,4800],{"class":80},[47,84392,136],{"class":98},[47,84394,6553],{"class":80},[47,84396,3828],{"class":98},[20,84398,167,84399,84401],{},[15,84400,82764],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84403,167,84404,84408],{},[594,84405,84406],{"href":74705},[15,84407,74608],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84410,84411,84412,445],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[594,84413,84415],{"href":84414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84416,84417],{},"min()",[33,84419,1595],{"id":1594},[20,84421,84422],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[187,84424,84425,84432,84435,84440,84443],{},[190,84426,29848,84427,84429,84430],{},[15,84428,82764],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84431,83118],{},[190,84433,84434],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[190,84436,1807,84437,84439],{},[15,84438,82764],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[190,84441,84442],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[190,84444,1654,84445,84447],{},[15,84446,83118],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84449,11306],{},[38,84451,84453],{"className":40,"code":84452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84454,84455,84465,84479,84493,84507,84529],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84456,84457,84459,84461,84463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84458,95],{"class":94},[47,84460,99],{"class":98},[47,84462,8006],{"class":102},[47,84464,106],{"class":98},[47,84466,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84468,95],{"class":94},[47,84470,99],{"class":98},[47,84472,1922],{"class":1788},[47,84474,99],{"class":98},[47,84476,8006],{"class":102},[47,84478,1796],{"class":98},[47,84480,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,84482,95],{"class":94},[47,84484,99],{"class":98},[47,84486,11355],{"class":94},[47,84488,99],{"class":98},[47,84490,8006],{"class":102},[47,84492,1796],{"class":98},[47,84494,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,84496,95],{"class":94},[47,84498,99],{"class":98},[47,84500,82823],{"class":94},[47,84502,99],{"class":98},[47,84504,8006],{"class":102},[47,84506,1796],{"class":98},[47,84508,84509,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,84510,95],{"class":94},[47,84512,99],{"class":98},[47,84514,82823],{"class":94},[47,84516,99],{"class":98},[47,84518,8006],{"class":102},[47,84520,136],{"class":98},[47,84522,26722],{"class":951},[47,84524,58],{"class":57},[47,84526,285],{"class":1334},[47,84528,1796],{"class":98},[47,84530,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,84532,95],{"class":94},[47,84534,3178],{"class":98},[47,84536,1922],{"class":1788},[47,84538,99],{"class":98},[47,84540,2374],{"class":102},[47,84542,3854],{"class":98},[47,84544,4069],{"class":1461},[47,84546,4072],{"class":102},[47,84548,1468],{"class":1461},[47,84550,6160],{"class":102},[47,84552,4080],{"class":98},[20,84554,84555],{},"These are useful for checking:",[187,84557,84558,84563,84568,84571],{},[190,84559,84560,84561],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84562,8006],{},[190,84564,79935,84565,84567],{},[15,84566,8006],{}," is a list or some other type",[190,84569,84570],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[190,84572,84573],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84575,69532,84576,84579,84580,84582],{},[15,84577,84578],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84581,8006],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[33,84584,1969],{"id":1968},[447,84586,5339,84588,5342],{"id":84587},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84589,82764],{},[20,84591,84592],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[447,84594,1989,84596,84598],{"id":84595},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84597,82764],{}," work with strings?",[20,84600,84601],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[447,84603,71830],{"id":71829},[20,84605,84606,52680,84608,84610,84611,84613],{},[15,84607,82764],{},[15,84609,40894],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84612,83118],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[447,84615,84617,84618,2009],{"id":84616},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84619,82764],{},[20,84621,167,84622,420],{},[15,84623,83671],{},[38,84625,84626],{"className":40,"code":83599,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,84627,84628,84660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84629,84630,84632,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654,84656,84658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84631,4263],{"class":53},[47,84633,58],{"class":57},[47,84635,3815],{"class":98},[47,84637,128],{"class":61},[47,84639,37239],{"class":65},[47,84641,128],{"class":61},[47,84643,136],{"class":98},[47,84645,62],{"class":61},[47,84647,68511],{"class":65},[47,84649,128],{"class":61},[47,84651,136],{"class":98},[47,84653,62],{"class":61},[47,84655,58311],{"class":65},[47,84657,128],{"class":61},[47,84659,3828],{"class":98},[47,84661,84662,84664,84666,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84663,95],{"class":94},[47,84665,99],{"class":98},[47,84667,82823],{"class":94},[47,84669,99],{"class":98},[47,84671,4307],{"class":102},[47,84673,136],{"class":98},[47,84675,21777],{"class":951},[47,84677,58],{"class":57},[47,84679,11355],{"class":94},[47,84681,1796],{"class":98},[447,84683,2055,84685,839,84687,2009],{"id":84684},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84686,82764],{},[15,84688,74608],{},[20,84690,84691,84693,84694,84696],{},[15,84692,82764],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":84735},[84736,84737,84739,84740,84742,84744,84746,84751,84753,84761,84763,84764,84775],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":82954,"depth":72,"text":84738},"What max() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":83122,"depth":72,"text":84741},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83292,"depth":72,"text":84743},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83427,"depth":72,"text":84745},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78886,"depth":72,"text":80084,"children":84747},[84748,84749,84750],{"id":83595,"depth":84,"text":83596},{"id":83684,"depth":84,"text":83685},{"id":83766,"depth":84,"text":83767},{"id":83873,"depth":72,"text":84752},"Using the default argument",{"id":48172,"depth":72,"text":48173,"children":84754},[84755,84757,84759],{"id":84031,"depth":84,"text":84756},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84141,"depth":84,"text":84758},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84247,"depth":84,"text":84760},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84277,"depth":72,"text":84762},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":84765},[84766,84768,84770,84771,84773],{"id":84587,"depth":84,"text":84767},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84595,"depth":84,"text":84769},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71829,"depth":84,"text":71830},{"id":84616,"depth":84,"text":84772},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84684,"depth":84,"text":84774},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82756,"description":84776},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84783,"title":84784,"body":84785,"description":86736,"extension":2167,"meta":86737,"navigation":87,"path":86738,"seo":86739,"stem":86740,"__hash__":86741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84786,"toc":86693},[84787,84792,84797,84803,84805,84879,84881,84894,84899,84904,84920,84924,84929,85005,85011,85014,85057,85059,85067,85073,85076,85107,85109,85117,85123,85128,85187,85189,85198,85201,85211,85217,85222,85257,85259,85267,85273,85279,85284,85328,85330,85339,85342,85382,85384,85393,85396,85408,85413,85418,85469,85471,85480,85483,85534,85536,85544,85547,85554,85560,85565,85567,85582,85586,85646,85648,85657,85661,85832,85834,85871,85878,85884,85887,85914,85916,85937,85942,85977,85979,85987,85990,85992,86008,86013,86015,86019,86025,86029,86056,86059,86069,86109,86113,86116,86159,86161,86170,86173,86178,86247,86249,86257,86262,86266,86269,86320,86322,86330,86333,86396,86398,86406,86409,86414,86418,86431,86438,86446,86448,86450,86480,86486,86587,86597,86599,86604,86607,86612,86615,86617,86625,86633,86641,86648,86656,86658,86690],[10,84788,13,84790,18],{"id":84789},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84791,84417],{},[20,84793,84794,84796],{},[15,84795,84417],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84798,84799,84800,84802],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84801,84417],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[33,84804,36],{"id":35},[38,84806,84808],{"className":40,"code":84807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84809,84810,84834,84849,84853],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84811,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828,84830,84832],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84813,3810],{"class":53},[47,84815,58],{"class":57},[47,84817,3815],{"class":98},[47,84819,232],{"class":80},[47,84821,136],{"class":98},[47,84823,1562],{"class":80},[47,84825,136],{"class":98},[47,84827,54320],{"class":80},[47,84829,136],{"class":98},[47,84831,1545],{"class":80},[47,84833,3828],{"class":98},[47,84835,84836,84838,84840,84843,84845,84847],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84837,95],{"class":94},[47,84839,99],{"class":98},[47,84841,84842],{"class":94},"min",[47,84844,99],{"class":98},[47,84846,195],{"class":102},[47,84848,1796],{"class":98},[47,84850,84851],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,84852,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,84854,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,84856,95],{"class":94},[47,84858,99],{"class":98},[47,84860,84842],{"class":94},[47,84862,99],{"class":98},[47,84864,232],{"class":80},[47,84866,136],{"class":98},[47,84868,1562],{"class":80},[47,84870,136],{"class":98},[47,84872,54320],{"class":80},[47,84874,136],{"class":98},[47,84876,1545],{"class":80},[47,84878,1796],{"class":98},[20,84880,144],{},[38,84882,84884],{"className":40,"code":84883,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1\n1\n",[15,84885,84886,84890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84887,84888],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84889,47104],{"class":80},[47,84891,84892],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84893,47104],{"class":80},[20,84895,167,84896,84898],{},[15,84897,84417],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[33,84900,174,84902,177],{"id":84901},"what-min-does",[15,84903,84417],{},[187,84905,84906,84911,84914,84917],{},[190,84907,84908,84910],{},[15,84909,84417],{}," returns the smallest item",[190,84912,84913],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[190,84915,84916],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[190,84918,84919],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[33,84921,84923],{"id":84922},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84925,84926,84927,420],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84928,84417],{},[38,84930,84932],{"className":40,"code":84931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84933,84934,84944,84969,84987],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,84935,84936,84938,84940,84942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,84937,84842],{"class":94},[47,84939,99],{"class":98},[47,84941,3913],{"class":102},[47,84943,106],{"class":98},[47,84945,84946,84948,84950,84953,84955,84958,84960,84963,84965,84967],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,84947,84842],{"class":94},[47,84949,99],{"class":98},[47,84951,84952],{"class":102},"value1",[47,84954,136],{"class":98},[47,84956,84957],{"class":102}," value2",[47,84959,136],{"class":98},[47,84961,84962],{"class":102}," value3",[47,84964,136],{"class":98},[47,84966,317],{"class":94},[47,84968,106],{"class":98},[47,84970,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,84972,84842],{"class":94},[47,84974,99],{"class":98},[47,84976,3913],{"class":102},[47,84978,136],{"class":98},[47,84980,21777],{"class":951},[47,84982,58],{"class":57},[47,84984,37563],{"class":94},[47,84986,106],{"class":98},[47,84988,84989,84991,84993,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,84990,84842],{"class":94},[47,84992,99],{"class":98},[47,84994,3913],{"class":102},[47,84996,136],{"class":98},[47,84998,26722],{"class":951},[47,85000,58],{"class":57},[47,85002,37563],{"class":94},[47,85004,106],{"class":98},[447,85006,85008],{"id":85007},"miniterable",[15,85009,85010],{},"min(iterable)",[20,85012,85013],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[38,85015,85017],{"className":40,"code":85016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85018,85019,85043],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85020,85021,85023,85025,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85022,3810],{"class":53},[47,85024,58],{"class":57},[47,85026,3815],{"class":98},[47,85028,2543],{"class":80},[47,85030,136],{"class":98},[47,85032,249],{"class":80},[47,85034,136],{"class":98},[47,85036,31141],{"class":80},[47,85038,136],{"class":98},[47,85040,1545],{"class":80},[47,85042,3828],{"class":98},[47,85044,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053,85055],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85046,95],{"class":94},[47,85048,99],{"class":98},[47,85050,84842],{"class":94},[47,85052,99],{"class":98},[47,85054,195],{"class":102},[47,85056,1796],{"class":98},[20,85058,144],{},[38,85060,85061],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85062,85063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85064,85065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85066,47104],{"class":80},[447,85068,85070],{"id":85069},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85071,85072],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85074,85075],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[38,85077,85079],{"className":40,"code":85078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85080,85081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85082,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85084,95],{"class":94},[47,85086,99],{"class":98},[47,85088,84842],{"class":94},[47,85090,99],{"class":98},[47,85092,2543],{"class":80},[47,85094,136],{"class":98},[47,85096,249],{"class":80},[47,85098,136],{"class":98},[47,85100,31141],{"class":80},[47,85102,136],{"class":98},[47,85104,1545],{"class":80},[47,85106,1796],{"class":98},[20,85108,144],{},[38,85110,85111],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85112,85113],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85114,85115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85116,47104],{"class":80},[447,85118,85120],{"id":85119},"miniterable-key",[15,85121,85122],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85124,167,85125,85127],{},[15,85126,15035],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[38,85129,85131],{"className":40,"code":85130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85132,85133,85165],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85134,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85136,4263],{"class":53},[47,85138,58],{"class":57},[47,85140,3815],{"class":98},[47,85142,128],{"class":61},[47,85144,78928],{"class":65},[47,85146,128],{"class":61},[47,85148,136],{"class":98},[47,85150,62],{"class":61},[47,85152,38533],{"class":65},[47,85154,128],{"class":61},[47,85156,136],{"class":98},[47,85158,62],{"class":61},[47,85160,4281],{"class":65},[47,85162,128],{"class":61},[47,85164,3828],{"class":98},[47,85166,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175,85177,85179,85181,85183,85185],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85168,95],{"class":94},[47,85170,99],{"class":98},[47,85172,84842],{"class":94},[47,85174,99],{"class":98},[47,85176,4307],{"class":102},[47,85178,136],{"class":98},[47,85180,21777],{"class":951},[47,85182,58],{"class":57},[47,85184,11355],{"class":94},[47,85186,1796],{"class":98},[20,85188,144],{},[38,85190,85192],{"className":40,"code":85191,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"kiwi\n",[15,85193,85194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85195,85196],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85197,85191],{"class":53},[20,85199,85200],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85202,85203,85204,85206,85207,445],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85205,42550],{},", see the ",[594,85208,85209,2088],{"href":42547},[15,85210,42550],{},[447,85212,85214],{"id":85213},"miniterable-default",[15,85215,85216],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85218,167,85219,85221],{},[15,85220,83118],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[38,85223,85225],{"className":40,"code":85224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85226,85227,85235],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85228,85229,85231,85233],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85230,3810],{"class":53},[47,85232,58],{"class":57},[47,85234,8035],{"class":98},[47,85236,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85238,95],{"class":94},[47,85240,99],{"class":98},[47,85242,84842],{"class":94},[47,85244,99],{"class":98},[47,85246,195],{"class":102},[47,85248,136],{"class":98},[47,85250,26722],{"class":951},[47,85252,58],{"class":57},[47,85254,2321],{"class":80},[47,85256,1796],{"class":98},[20,85258,144],{},[38,85260,85261],{"className":40,"code":47439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85262,85263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85264,85265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85266,47439],{"class":80},[20,85268,85269,85270,85272],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85271,40894],{}," when there is no item to return.",[33,85274,1654,85276,85278],{"id":85275},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85277,84417],{}," with numbers",[20,85280,85281,85283],{},[15,85282,84417],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[38,85285,85287],{"className":40,"code":85286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85288,85289,85314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85290,85291,85293,85295,85297,85299,85301,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85292,5261],{"class":53},[47,85294,58],{"class":57},[47,85296,3815],{"class":98},[47,85298,51690],{"class":80},[47,85300,136],{"class":98},[47,85302,85303],{"class":80}," 72",[47,85305,136],{"class":98},[47,85307,29106],{"class":80},[47,85309,136],{"class":98},[47,85311,76284],{"class":80},[47,85313,3828],{"class":98},[47,85315,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85317,95],{"class":94},[47,85319,99],{"class":98},[47,85321,84842],{"class":94},[47,85323,99],{"class":98},[47,85325,16584],{"class":102},[47,85327,1796],{"class":98},[20,85329,144],{},[38,85331,85333],{"className":40,"code":85332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"60\n",[15,85334,85335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85336,85337],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85338,85332],{"class":80},[20,85340,85341],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[38,85343,85345],{"className":40,"code":85344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85346,85347,85368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85348,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85362,85364,85366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85350,83230],{"class":53},[47,85352,58],{"class":57},[47,85354,3815],{"class":98},[47,85356,40588],{"class":80},[47,85358,136],{"class":98},[47,85360,85361],{"class":80}," 5.49",[47,85363,136],{"class":98},[47,85365,83246],{"class":80},[47,85367,3828],{"class":98},[47,85369,85370,85372,85374,85376,85378,85380],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85371,95],{"class":94},[47,85373,99],{"class":98},[47,85375,84842],{"class":94},[47,85377,99],{"class":98},[47,85379,83266],{"class":102},[47,85381,1796],{"class":98},[20,85383,144],{},[38,85385,85387],{"className":40,"code":85386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5.49\n",[15,85388,85389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85390,85391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85392,85386],{"class":80},[20,85394,85395],{},"This is useful for things like:",[187,85397,85398,85400,85402,85405],{},[190,85399,16584],{},[190,85401,83266],{},[190,85403,85404],{},"measurements",[190,85406,85407],{},"ages",[33,85409,1654,85411,47246],{"id":85410},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85412,84417],{},[20,85414,85415,85417],{},[15,85416,84417],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[38,85419,85421],{"className":40,"code":85420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85422,85423,85455],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85424,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85426,4263],{"class":53},[47,85428,58],{"class":57},[47,85430,3815],{"class":98},[47,85432,128],{"class":61},[47,85434,4281],{"class":65},[47,85436,128],{"class":61},[47,85438,136],{"class":98},[47,85440,62],{"class":61},[47,85442,4272],{"class":65},[47,85444,128],{"class":61},[47,85446,136],{"class":98},[47,85448,62],{"class":61},[47,85450,4290],{"class":65},[47,85452,128],{"class":61},[47,85454,3828],{"class":98},[47,85456,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465,85467],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85458,95],{"class":94},[47,85460,99],{"class":98},[47,85462,84842],{"class":94},[47,85464,99],{"class":98},[47,85466,4307],{"class":102},[47,85468,1796],{"class":98},[20,85470,144],{},[38,85472,85474],{"className":40,"code":85473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple\n",[15,85475,85476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85477,85478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85479,85473],{"class":53},[20,85481,85482],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[38,85484,85486],{"className":40,"code":85485,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85487,85488,85520],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85489,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502,85504,85506,85508,85510,85512,85514,85516,85518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85491,4263],{"class":53},[47,85493,58],{"class":57},[47,85495,3815],{"class":98},[47,85497,128],{"class":61},[47,85499,4281],{"class":65},[47,85501,128],{"class":61},[47,85503,136],{"class":98},[47,85505,62],{"class":61},[47,85507,351],{"class":65},[47,85509,128],{"class":61},[47,85511,136],{"class":98},[47,85513,62],{"class":61},[47,85515,4290],{"class":65},[47,85517,128],{"class":61},[47,85519,3828],{"class":98},[47,85521,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85523,95],{"class":94},[47,85525,99],{"class":98},[47,85527,84842],{"class":94},[47,85529,99],{"class":98},[47,85531,4307],{"class":102},[47,85533,1796],{"class":98},[20,85535,144],{},[38,85537,85538],{"className":40,"code":412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85539,85540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85541,85542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85543,412],{"class":53},[20,85545,85546],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85548,85549,85550,445],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[594,85551,85552,5978],{"href":74705},[15,85553,74608],{},[33,85555,1654,85557,85559],{"id":85556},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85558,84417],{}," with a key function",[20,85561,850,85562,85564],{},[15,85563,15035],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85566,11653],{},[187,85568,85569,85574,85579],{},[190,85570,85571,85573],{},[15,85572,15035],{}," changes the comparison rule",[190,85575,85576,85578],{},[15,85577,84417],{}," still returns the original item",[190,85580,85581],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[447,85583,85585],{"id":85584},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[38,85587,85589],{"className":40,"code":85588,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85590,85591,85624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85592,85593,85595,85597,85599,85601,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85620,85622],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85594,4263],{"class":53},[47,85596,58],{"class":57},[47,85598,3815],{"class":98},[47,85600,128],{"class":61},[47,85602,68511],{"class":65},[47,85604,128],{"class":61},[47,85606,136],{"class":98},[47,85608,62],{"class":61},[47,85610,37239],{"class":65},[47,85612,128],{"class":61},[47,85614,136],{"class":98},[47,85616,62],{"class":61},[47,85618,85619],{"class":65},"giraffe",[47,85621,128],{"class":61},[47,85623,3828],{"class":98},[47,85625,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85627,95],{"class":94},[47,85629,99],{"class":98},[47,85631,84842],{"class":94},[47,85633,99],{"class":98},[47,85635,4307],{"class":102},[47,85637,136],{"class":98},[47,85639,21777],{"class":951},[47,85641,58],{"class":57},[47,85643,11355],{"class":94},[47,85645,1796],{"class":98},[20,85647,144],{},[38,85649,85651],{"className":40,"code":85650,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat\n",[15,85652,85653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85654,85655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85656,85650],{"class":53},[447,85658,85660],{"id":85659},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[38,85662,85664],{"className":40,"code":85663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85665,85666,85676,85710,85742,85774,85778,85782,85821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85667,85668,85671,85673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85669,85670],{"class":53},"students ",[47,85672,58],{"class":57},[47,85674,85675],{"class":98}," [\n",[47,85677,85678,85681,85683,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85679,85680],{"class":98},"    {",[47,85682,128],{"class":61},[47,85684,103],{"class":65},[47,85686,128],{"class":61},[47,85688,420],{"class":98},[47,85690,62],{"class":61},[47,85692,13075],{"class":65},[47,85694,128],{"class":61},[47,85696,136],{"class":98},[47,85698,62],{"class":61},[47,85700,548],{"class":65},[47,85702,128],{"class":61},[47,85704,420],{"class":98},[47,85706,13701],{"class":80},[47,85708,85709],{"class":98},"},\n",[47,85711,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,85713,85680],{"class":98},[47,85715,128],{"class":61},[47,85717,103],{"class":65},[47,85719,128],{"class":61},[47,85721,420],{"class":98},[47,85723,62],{"class":61},[47,85725,36135],{"class":65},[47,85727,128],{"class":61},[47,85729,136],{"class":98},[47,85731,62],{"class":61},[47,85733,548],{"class":65},[47,85735,128],{"class":61},[47,85737,420],{"class":98},[47,85739,85303],{"class":80},[47,85741,85709],{"class":98},[47,85743,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762,85764,85766,85768,85770,85772],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,85745,85680],{"class":98},[47,85747,128],{"class":61},[47,85749,103],{"class":65},[47,85751,128],{"class":61},[47,85753,420],{"class":98},[47,85755,62],{"class":61},[47,85757,36144],{"class":65},[47,85759,128],{"class":61},[47,85761,136],{"class":98},[47,85763,62],{"class":61},[47,85765,548],{"class":65},[47,85767,128],{"class":61},[47,85769,420],{"class":98},[47,85771,20095],{"class":80},[47,85773,9500],{"class":98},[47,85775,85776],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,85777,3828],{"class":98},[47,85779,85780],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,85781,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,85783,85784,85787,85789,85792,85794,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,85785,85786],{"class":53},"lowest ",[47,85788,58],{"class":57},[47,85790,85791],{"class":94}," min",[47,85793,99],{"class":98},[47,85795,85796],{"class":102},"students",[47,85798,136],{"class":98},[47,85800,21777],{"class":951},[47,85802,58],{"class":57},[47,85804,37851],{"class":2266},[47,85806,13101],{"class":37854},[47,85808,420],{"class":98},[47,85810,13101],{"class":102},[47,85812,4092],{"class":98},[47,85814,128],{"class":61},[47,85816,548],{"class":65},[47,85818,128],{"class":61},[47,85820,4080],{"class":98},[47,85822,85823,85825,85827,85830],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,85824,95],{"class":94},[47,85826,99],{"class":98},[47,85828,85829],{"class":102},"lowest",[47,85831,106],{"class":98},[20,85833,144],{},[38,85835,85837],{"className":40,"code":85836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85838,85839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85840,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857,85859,85861,85863,85865,85867,85869],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85842,9470],{"class":98},[47,85844,3493],{"class":61},[47,85846,103],{"class":65},[47,85848,3493],{"class":61},[47,85850,420],{"class":98},[47,85852,3488],{"class":61},[47,85854,36135],{"class":65},[47,85856,3493],{"class":61},[47,85858,136],{"class":98},[47,85860,3488],{"class":61},[47,85862,548],{"class":65},[47,85864,3493],{"class":61},[47,85866,420],{"class":98},[47,85868,85303],{"class":80},[47,85870,9500],{"class":98},[20,85872,85873,85874,85877],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85875,85876],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[33,85879,1654,85881,85883],{"id":85880},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85882,83118],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85885,85886],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[38,85888,85890],{"className":40,"code":85889,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85891,85892,85900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85893,85894,85896,85898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85895,3810],{"class":53},[47,85897,58],{"class":57},[47,85899,8035],{"class":98},[47,85901,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85903,95],{"class":94},[47,85905,99],{"class":98},[47,85907,84842],{"class":94},[47,85909,99],{"class":98},[47,85911,195],{"class":102},[47,85913,1796],{"class":98},[20,85915,144],{},[38,85917,85919],{"className":40,"code":85918,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85920,85921],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85922,85923,85925,85927,85929,85931,85933,85935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85924,40894],{"class":1788},[47,85926,420],{"class":98},[47,85928,85791],{"class":94},[47,85930,7561],{"class":98},[47,85932,84088],{"class":53},[47,85934,12388],{"class":57},[47,85936,84093],{"class":53},[20,85938,85939,85940,420],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85941,83118],{},[38,85943,85945],{"className":40,"code":85944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85946,85947,85955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85948,85949,85951,85953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85950,3810],{"class":53},[47,85952,58],{"class":57},[47,85954,8035],{"class":98},[47,85956,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,85958,95],{"class":94},[47,85960,99],{"class":98},[47,85962,84842],{"class":94},[47,85964,99],{"class":98},[47,85966,195],{"class":102},[47,85968,136],{"class":98},[47,85970,26722],{"class":951},[47,85972,58],{"class":57},[47,85974,285],{"class":1334},[47,85976,1796],{"class":98},[20,85978,144],{},[38,85980,85981],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,85982,85983],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,85984,85985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,85986,1335],{"class":1334},[20,85988,85989],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85991,1858],{},[187,85993,85994,86002],{},[190,85995,85996,85998,85999,86001],{},[15,85997,83118],{}," works only when ",[15,86000,84417],{}," gets one iterable argument",[190,86003,86004,86005],{},"It does not work with ",[15,86006,86007],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,86009,86010,86011,445],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[594,86012,66024],{"href":73062},[33,86014,10938],{"id":10937},[20,86016,56960,86017,445],{},[15,86018,84417],{},[447,86020,86022,86023],{"id":86021},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,86024,83118],{},[20,86026,3194,86027,420],{},[15,86028,40894],{},[38,86030,86032],{"className":40,"code":86031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,86033,86034,86042],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86035,86036,86038,86040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86037,7975],{"class":53},[47,86039,58],{"class":57},[47,86041,8035],{"class":98},[47,86043,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86045,95],{"class":94},[47,86047,99],{"class":98},[47,86049,84842],{"class":94},[47,86051,99],{"class":98},[47,86053,8006],{"class":102},[47,86055,1796],{"class":98},[20,86057,86058],{},"Fix it by:",[187,86060,86061,86064],{},[190,86062,86063],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[190,86065,86066,86067],{},"or using ",[15,86068,83118],{},[38,86070,86072],{"className":40,"code":86071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86073,86074,86082],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86075,86076,86078,86080],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86077,7975],{"class":53},[47,86079,58],{"class":57},[47,86081,8035],{"class":98},[47,86083,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86105,86107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86085,95],{"class":94},[47,86087,99],{"class":98},[47,86089,84842],{"class":94},[47,86091,99],{"class":98},[47,86093,8006],{"class":102},[47,86095,136],{"class":98},[47,86097,26722],{"class":951},[47,86099,58],{"class":57},[47,86101,128],{"class":61},[47,86103,86104],{"class":65},"no items",[47,86106,128],{"class":61},[47,86108,1796],{"class":98},[447,86110,86112],{"id":86111},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86114,86115],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[38,86117,86119],{"className":40,"code":86118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86120,86121,86145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86122,86123,86125,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86124,9359],{"class":53},[47,86126,58],{"class":57},[47,86128,3815],{"class":98},[47,86130,582],{"class":80},[47,86132,136],{"class":98},[47,86134,62],{"class":61},[47,86136,15949],{"class":65},[47,86138,128],{"class":61},[47,86140,136],{"class":98},[47,86142,4800],{"class":80},[47,86144,3828],{"class":98},[47,86146,86147,86149,86151,86153,86155,86157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86148,95],{"class":94},[47,86150,99],{"class":98},[47,86152,84842],{"class":94},[47,86154,99],{"class":98},[47,86156,9396],{"class":102},[47,86158,1796],{"class":98},[20,86160,144],{},[38,86162,86164],{"className":40,"code":86163,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError\n",[15,86165,86166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86167,86168],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86169,86163],{"class":1788},[20,86171,86172],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86174,86175,86176,445],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86177,84417],{},[38,86179,86181],{"className":40,"code":86180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86182,86183,86207,86233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86184,86185,86187,86189,86191,86193,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203,86205],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86186,9359],{"class":53},[47,86188,58],{"class":57},[47,86190,3815],{"class":98},[47,86192,582],{"class":80},[47,86194,136],{"class":98},[47,86196,62],{"class":61},[47,86198,15949],{"class":65},[47,86200,128],{"class":61},[47,86202,136],{"class":98},[47,86204,4800],{"class":80},[47,86206,3828],{"class":98},[47,86208,86209,86211,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221,86223,86225,86227,86229,86231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86210,3810],{"class":53},[47,86212,58],{"class":57},[47,86214,3815],{"class":98},[47,86216,2389],{"class":1788},[47,86218,99],{"class":98},[47,86220,2374],{"class":102},[47,86222,3854],{"class":98},[47,86224,4069],{"class":1461},[47,86226,4072],{"class":53},[47,86228,1468],{"class":1461},[47,86230,14760],{"class":53},[47,86232,3828],{"class":98},[47,86234,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,86236,95],{"class":94},[47,86238,99],{"class":98},[47,86240,84842],{"class":94},[47,86242,99],{"class":98},[47,86244,195],{"class":102},[47,86246,1796],{"class":98},[20,86248,144],{},[38,86250,86251],{"className":40,"code":268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86252,86253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86254,86255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86256,268],{"class":80},[20,86258,86259,86260,445],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86261,1707],{},[447,86263,86265],{"id":86264},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86267,86268],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[38,86270,86272],{"className":40,"code":86271,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86273,86274,86306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86275,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286,86288,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298,86300,86302,86304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86277,4263],{"class":53},[47,86279,58],{"class":57},[47,86281,3815],{"class":98},[47,86283,128],{"class":61},[47,86285,79744],{"class":65},[47,86287,128],{"class":61},[47,86289,136],{"class":98},[47,86291,62],{"class":61},[47,86293,351],{"class":65},[47,86295,128],{"class":61},[47,86297,136],{"class":98},[47,86299,62],{"class":61},[47,86301,79761],{"class":65},[47,86303,128],{"class":61},[47,86305,3828],{"class":98},[47,86307,86308,86310,86312,86314,86316,86318],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86309,95],{"class":94},[47,86311,99],{"class":98},[47,86313,84842],{"class":94},[47,86315,99],{"class":98},[47,86317,4307],{"class":102},[47,86319,1796],{"class":98},[20,86321,144],{},[38,86323,86324],{"className":40,"code":412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86325,86326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86327,86328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86329,412],{"class":53},[20,86331,86332],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[38,86334,86336],{"className":40,"code":86335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86337,86338,86370],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86339,86340,86342,86344,86346,86348,86350,86352,86354,86356,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366,86368],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86341,4263],{"class":53},[47,86343,58],{"class":57},[47,86345,3815],{"class":98},[47,86347,128],{"class":61},[47,86349,79744],{"class":65},[47,86351,128],{"class":61},[47,86353,136],{"class":98},[47,86355,62],{"class":61},[47,86357,351],{"class":65},[47,86359,128],{"class":61},[47,86361,136],{"class":98},[47,86363,62],{"class":61},[47,86365,79761],{"class":65},[47,86367,128],{"class":61},[47,86369,3828],{"class":98},[47,86371,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390,86392,86394],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86373,95],{"class":94},[47,86375,99],{"class":98},[47,86377,84842],{"class":94},[47,86379,99],{"class":98},[47,86381,4307],{"class":102},[47,86383,136],{"class":98},[47,86385,21777],{"class":951},[47,86387,58],{"class":57},[47,86389,3636],{"class":1788},[47,86391,445],{"class":98},[47,86393,8833],{"class":24948},[47,86395,1796],{"class":98},[20,86397,144],{},[38,86399,86400],{"className":40,"code":412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,86401,86402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86403,86404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86405,412],{"class":53},[20,86407,86408],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[33,86410,5158,86412],{"id":86411},"when-to-use-min",[15,86413,84417],{},[20,86415,167,86416,10794],{},[15,86417,84417],{},[187,86419,86420,86423,86428],{},[190,86421,86422],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[190,86424,86425,86426],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86427,15035],{},[190,86429,86430],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86432,167,86433,86437],{},[594,86434,86435],{"href":74705},[15,86436,74608],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86439,167,86440,86445],{},[594,86441,86443],{"href":86442},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86444,82764],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[33,86447,1595],{"id":1594},[20,86449,84422],{},[187,86451,86452,86460,86463,86468,86475],{},[190,86453,86454,86455,86457,86458],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86456,84417],{}," without using ",[15,86459,83118],{},[190,86461,86462],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[190,86464,1807,86465,86467],{},[15,86466,84417],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[190,86469,4900,86470,86472,86473,85578],{},[15,86471,15035],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86474,84417],{},[190,86476,1654,86477,86479],{},[15,86478,83118],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86481,86482,86483,86485],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86484,84417],{},", these quick checks can help:",[38,86487,86489],{"className":40,"code":86488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86490,86491,86505,86515,86529,86543,86565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86492,86493,86495,86497,86499,86501,86503],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86494,95],{"class":94},[47,86496,99],{"class":98},[47,86498,1922],{"class":1788},[47,86500,99],{"class":98},[47,86502,9396],{"class":102},[47,86504,1796],{"class":98},[47,86506,86507,86509,86511,86513],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86508,95],{"class":94},[47,86510,99],{"class":98},[47,86512,9396],{"class":102},[47,86514,106],{"class":98},[47,86516,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,86518,95],{"class":94},[47,86520,99],{"class":98},[47,86522,11355],{"class":94},[47,86524,99],{"class":98},[47,86526,9396],{"class":102},[47,86528,1796],{"class":98},[47,86530,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,86532,95],{"class":94},[47,86534,99],{"class":98},[47,86536,84842],{"class":94},[47,86538,99],{"class":98},[47,86540,9396],{"class":102},[47,86542,1796],{"class":98},[47,86544,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,86546,95],{"class":94},[47,86548,99],{"class":98},[47,86550,84842],{"class":94},[47,86552,99],{"class":98},[47,86554,9396],{"class":102},[47,86556,136],{"class":98},[47,86558,26722],{"class":951},[47,86560,58],{"class":57},[47,86562,285],{"class":1334},[47,86564,1796],{"class":98},[47,86566,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581,86583,86585],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,86568,95],{"class":94},[47,86570,99],{"class":98},[47,86572,84842],{"class":94},[47,86574,99],{"class":98},[47,86576,4307],{"class":102},[47,86578,136],{"class":98},[47,86580,21777],{"class":951},[47,86582,58],{"class":57},[47,86584,11355],{"class":94},[47,86586,1796],{"class":98},[20,86588,86589,86590,86593,86594,86596],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86591,86592],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86595,9396],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[33,86598,1969],{"id":1968},[447,86600,5339,86602,5342],{"id":86601},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86603,84417],{},[20,86605,86606],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[447,86608,1989,86610,84598],{"id":86609},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86611,84417],{},[20,86613,86614],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[447,86616,71830],{"id":71829},[20,86618,86619,52680,86621,84610,86623,1985],{},[15,86620,84417],{},[15,86622,40894],{},[15,86624,83118],{},[447,86626,5339,86628,86630,86631,2009],{"id":86627},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86629,15035],{}," do in ",[15,86632,84417],{},[20,86634,86635,86637,86638,86640],{},[15,86636,15035],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86639,83671],{}," compares strings by length.",[447,86642,2055,86644,839,86646,2009],{"id":86643},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86645,84417],{},[15,86647,74608],{},[20,86649,86650,86652,86653,86655],{},[15,86651,84417],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86654,74608],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[33,86657,2075],{"id":2074},[187,86659,86660,86666,86672,86678,86682,86686],{},[190,86661,86662],{},[594,86663,86664,2088],{"href":86442},[15,86665,82764],{},[190,86667,86668],{},[594,86669,86670,2088],{"href":74705},[15,86671,74608],{},[190,86673,86674],{},[594,86675,86676,2088],{"href":42547},[15,86677,42550],{},[190,86679,86680],{},[594,86681,80057],{"href":78560},[190,86683,86684],{},[594,86685,59140],{"href":59139},[190,86687,86688],{},[594,86689,66024],{"href":73062},[2110,86691,86692],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":86694},[86695,86696,86698,86704,86706,86708,86713,86715,86721,86723,86724,86735],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":84901,"depth":72,"text":86697},"What min() does",{"id":84922,"depth":72,"text":84923,"children":86699},[86700,86701,86702,86703],{"id":85007,"depth":84,"text":85010},{"id":85069,"depth":84,"text":85072},{"id":85119,"depth":84,"text":85122},{"id":85213,"depth":84,"text":85216},{"id":85275,"depth":72,"text":86705},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85410,"depth":72,"text":86707},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85556,"depth":72,"text":86709,"children":86710},"Using min() with a key function",[86711,86712],{"id":85584,"depth":84,"text":85585},{"id":85659,"depth":84,"text":85660},{"id":85880,"depth":72,"text":86714},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10937,"depth":72,"text":10938,"children":86716},[86717,86719,86720],{"id":86021,"depth":84,"text":86718},"Empty list without default",{"id":86111,"depth":84,"text":86112},{"id":86264,"depth":84,"text":86265},{"id":86411,"depth":72,"text":86722},"When to use min()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":86725},[86726,86728,86730,86731,86733],{"id":86601,"depth":84,"text":86727},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86609,"depth":84,"text":86729},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71829,"depth":84,"text":71830},{"id":86627,"depth":84,"text":86732},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86643,"depth":84,"text":86734},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84784,"description":86736},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86743,"title":86744,"body":86745,"description":88922,"extension":2167,"meta":88923,"navigation":87,"path":88924,"seo":88925,"stem":88926,"__hash__":88927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86746,"toc":88886},[86747,86750,86756,86762,86764,86845,86854,86858,86863,86865,86910,86912,86991,86997,86999,87002,87034,87036,87054,87056,87129,87131,87150,87154,87157,87193,87195,87262,87335,87408,87413,87417,87423,87426,87443,87446,87448,87509,87511,87531,87537,87541,87544,87614,87617,87636,87641,87717,87720,87724,87730,87734,87739,87809,87813,87818,87892,87896,87899,87974,87985,87989,87994,88084,88089,88157,88160,88179,88190,88194,88197,88202,88205,88267,88270,88281,88286,88289,88292,88297,88300,88303,88307,88310,88316,88319,88330,88332,88394,88409,88415,88418,88421,88432,88443,88449,88452,88454,88516,88526,88532,88537,88543,88547,88553,88556,88577,88579,88584,88611,88614,88641,88644,88683,88686,88724,88727,88788,88791,88793,88797,88800,88804,88810,88818,88826,88830,88833,88837,88843,88845,88883],[10,86748,86744],{"id":86749},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86751,86752,86755],{},[15,86753,86754],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86757,86758,86759,86761],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86760,86754],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[33,86763,36],{"id":35},[38,86765,86767],{"className":40,"code":86766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86768,86769,86818,86834],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86770,86771,86774,86777,86779,86781,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86799,86801,86803,86806,86808,86810,86812,86816],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86772,86773],{"class":1461},"with",[47,86775,86776],{"class":94}," open",[47,86778,99],{"class":98},[47,86780,128],{"class":61},[47,86782,86783],{"class":65},"example.txt",[47,86785,128],{"class":61},[47,86787,136],{"class":98},[47,86789,62],{"class":61},[47,86791,60690],{"class":65},[47,86793,128],{"class":61},[47,86795,136],{"class":98},[47,86797,86798],{"class":951}," encoding",[47,86800,58],{"class":57},[47,86802,128],{"class":61},[47,86804,86805],{"class":65},"utf-8",[47,86807,128],{"class":61},[47,86809,3854],{"class":98},[47,86811,47545],{"class":1461},[47,86813,86815],{"class":86814},"sMMDD"," file",[47,86817,6586],{"class":98},[47,86819,86820,86823,86825,86827,86829,86832],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86821,86822],{"class":53},"    content ",[47,86824,58],{"class":57},[47,86826,86815],{"class":86814},[47,86828,445],{"class":98},[47,86830,86831],{"class":102},"read",[47,86833,8836],{"class":98},[47,86835,86836,86838,86840,86843],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,86837,1499],{"class":94},[47,86839,99],{"class":98},[47,86841,86842],{"class":102},"content",[47,86844,106],{"class":98},[20,86846,167,86847,86849,86850,86853],{},[15,86848,86773],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86851,86852],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[33,86855,86857],{"id":86856},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86859,86860,86862],{},[15,86861,86754],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86864,11653],{},[187,86866,86867,86870,86875,86880],{},[190,86868,86869],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[190,86871,41096,86872,86874],{},[280,86873,4826],{}," read or write anything by itself",[190,86876,17618,86877],{},[280,86878,86879],{},"file object",[190,86881,86882,86883],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[187,86884,86885,86890,86895,86900,86905],{},[190,86886,86887],{},[15,86888,86889],{},"read()",[190,86891,86892],{},[15,86893,86894],{},"readline()",[190,86896,86897],{},[15,86898,86899],{},"readlines()",[190,86901,86902],{},[15,86903,86904],{},"write()",[190,86906,86907],{},[15,86908,86909],{},"close()",[20,86911,204],{},[38,86913,86915],{"className":40,"code":86914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86916,86917,86955,86970,86980],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,86918,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,86920,826],{"class":86814},[47,86922,13470],{"class":57},[47,86924,86776],{"class":94},[47,86926,99],{"class":98},[47,86928,128],{"class":61},[47,86930,86783],{"class":65},[47,86932,128],{"class":61},[47,86934,136],{"class":98},[47,86936,62],{"class":61},[47,86938,60690],{"class":65},[47,86940,128],{"class":61},[47,86942,136],{"class":98},[47,86944,86798],{"class":951},[47,86946,58],{"class":57},[47,86948,128],{"class":61},[47,86950,86805],{"class":65},[47,86952,128],{"class":61},[47,86954,106],{"class":98},[47,86956,86957,86960,86962,86964,86966,86968],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,86958,86959],{"class":53},"content ",[47,86961,58],{"class":57},[47,86963,86815],{"class":86814},[47,86965,445],{"class":98},[47,86967,86831],{"class":102},[47,86969,8836],{"class":98},[47,86971,86972,86974,86976,86978],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,86973,95],{"class":94},[47,86975,99],{"class":98},[47,86977,86842],{"class":102},[47,86979,106],{"class":98},[47,86981,86982,86984,86986,86989],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,86983,826],{"class":86814},[47,86985,445],{"class":98},[47,86987,86988],{"class":102},"close",[47,86990,8836],{"class":98},[20,86992,86993,86994,86996],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86995,86773],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[33,86998,290],{"id":289},[20,87000,87001],{},"A common form is:",[38,87003,87005],{"className":40,"code":87004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,87006,87007],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87008,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87010,42616],{"class":94},[47,87012,99],{"class":98},[47,87014,826],{"class":86814},[47,87016,136],{"class":98},[47,87018,87019],{"class":102}," mode",[47,87021,136],{"class":98},[47,87023,86798],{"class":951},[47,87025,58],{"class":57},[47,87027,128],{"class":61},[47,87029,86805],{"class":65},[47,87031,128],{"class":61},[47,87033,106],{"class":98},[20,87035,65230],{},[187,87037,87038,87043,87048],{},[190,87039,87040,87042],{},[15,87041,826],{}," is the file name or file path",[190,87044,87045,87047],{},[15,87046,21116],{}," controls how the file is opened",[190,87049,87050,87053],{},[15,87051,87052],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87055,204],{},[38,87057,87059],{"className":40,"code":87058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87060,87061,87104,87119],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87062,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87064,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87066,86776],{"class":94},[47,87068,99],{"class":98},[47,87070,128],{"class":61},[47,87072,87073],{"class":65},"notes.txt",[47,87075,128],{"class":61},[47,87077,136],{"class":98},[47,87079,62],{"class":61},[47,87081,60690],{"class":65},[47,87083,128],{"class":61},[47,87085,136],{"class":98},[47,87087,86798],{"class":951},[47,87089,58],{"class":57},[47,87091,128],{"class":61},[47,87093,86805],{"class":65},[47,87095,128],{"class":61},[47,87097,3854],{"class":98},[47,87099,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87101,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87103,6586],{"class":98},[47,87105,87106,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87107,87108],{"class":53},"    text ",[47,87110,58],{"class":57},[47,87112,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87114,445],{"class":98},[47,87116,86831],{"class":102},[47,87118,8836],{"class":98},[47,87120,87121,87123,87125,87127],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87122,1499],{"class":94},[47,87124,99],{"class":98},[47,87126,192],{"class":102},[47,87128,106],{"class":98},[20,87130,20154],{},[187,87132,87133,87139,87144],{},[190,87134,87135,87138],{},[15,87136,87137],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[190,87140,87141,87143],{},[15,87142,86852],{}," means open for reading",[190,87145,87146,87149],{},[15,87147,87148],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[33,87151,87153],{"id":87152},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87155,87156],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[187,87158,87159,87164,87170,87175,87181,87187],{},[190,87160,87161,87163],{},[15,87162,86852],{}," = read a text file",[190,87165,87166,87169],{},[15,87167,87168],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[190,87171,87172,87174],{},[15,87173,18292],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[190,87176,87177,87180],{},[15,87178,87179],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[190,87182,87183,87186],{},[15,87184,87185],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[190,87188,87189,87192],{},[15,87190,87191],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87194,2327],{},[38,87196,87198],{"className":40,"code":87197,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87199,87200,87205,87248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87201,87202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87203,87204],{"class":3857},"# Read a text file\n",[47,87206,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87208,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87210,86776],{"class":94},[47,87212,99],{"class":98},[47,87214,128],{"class":61},[47,87216,87217],{"class":65},"data.txt",[47,87219,128],{"class":61},[47,87221,136],{"class":98},[47,87223,62],{"class":61},[47,87225,60690],{"class":65},[47,87227,128],{"class":61},[47,87229,136],{"class":98},[47,87231,86798],{"class":951},[47,87233,58],{"class":57},[47,87235,128],{"class":61},[47,87237,86805],{"class":65},[47,87239,128],{"class":61},[47,87241,3854],{"class":98},[47,87243,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87245,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87247,6586],{"class":98},[47,87249,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87251,1499],{"class":94},[47,87253,99],{"class":98},[47,87255,826],{"class":86814},[47,87257,445],{"class":98},[47,87259,86831],{"class":102},[47,87261,7389],{"class":98},[38,87263,87265],{"className":40,"code":87264,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87266,87267,87272,87314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87268,87269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87270,87271],{"class":3857},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[47,87273,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87275,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87277,86776],{"class":94},[47,87279,99],{"class":98},[47,87281,128],{"class":61},[47,87283,87217],{"class":65},[47,87285,128],{"class":61},[47,87287,136],{"class":98},[47,87289,62],{"class":61},[47,87291,60673],{"class":65},[47,87293,128],{"class":61},[47,87295,136],{"class":98},[47,87297,86798],{"class":951},[47,87299,58],{"class":57},[47,87301,128],{"class":61},[47,87303,86805],{"class":65},[47,87305,128],{"class":61},[47,87307,3854],{"class":98},[47,87309,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87311,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87313,6586],{"class":98},[47,87315,87316,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87317,87318],{"class":86814},"    file",[47,87320,445],{"class":98},[47,87322,70379],{"class":102},[47,87324,99],{"class":98},[47,87326,128],{"class":61},[47,87328,131],{"class":65},[47,87330,1214],{"class":1213},[47,87332,128],{"class":61},[47,87334,106],{"class":98},[38,87336,87338],{"className":40,"code":87337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87339,87340,87345,87387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87341,87342],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87343,87344],{"class":3857},"# Append to a text file\n",[47,87346,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87348,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87350,86776],{"class":94},[47,87352,99],{"class":98},[47,87354,128],{"class":61},[47,87356,87217],{"class":65},[47,87358,128],{"class":61},[47,87360,136],{"class":98},[47,87362,62],{"class":61},[47,87364,594],{"class":65},[47,87366,128],{"class":61},[47,87368,136],{"class":98},[47,87370,86798],{"class":951},[47,87372,58],{"class":57},[47,87374,128],{"class":61},[47,87376,86805],{"class":65},[47,87378,128],{"class":61},[47,87380,3854],{"class":98},[47,87382,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87384,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87386,6586],{"class":98},[47,87388,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87402,87404,87406],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87390,87318],{"class":86814},[47,87392,445],{"class":98},[47,87394,70379],{"class":102},[47,87396,99],{"class":98},[47,87398,128],{"class":61},[47,87400,87401],{"class":65},"Another line",[47,87403,1214],{"class":1213},[47,87405,128],{"class":61},[47,87407,106],{"class":98},[20,87409,69532,87410,87412],{},[15,87411,87168],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[33,87414,87416],{"id":87415},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87418,87419,22172,87421,445],{},[15,87420,86754],{},[280,87422,86879],{},[20,87424,87425],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[187,87427,87428,87433,87438],{},[190,87429,87430],{},[15,87431,87432],{},"file.read()",[190,87434,87435],{},[15,87436,87437],{},"file.write()",[190,87439,87440],{},[15,87441,87442],{},"file.close()",[20,87444,87445],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87447,204],{},[38,87449,87451],{"className":40,"code":87450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87452,87453,87495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87454,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87456,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87458,86776],{"class":94},[47,87460,99],{"class":98},[47,87462,128],{"class":61},[47,87464,86783],{"class":65},[47,87466,128],{"class":61},[47,87468,136],{"class":98},[47,87470,62],{"class":61},[47,87472,60690],{"class":65},[47,87474,128],{"class":61},[47,87476,136],{"class":98},[47,87478,86798],{"class":951},[47,87480,58],{"class":57},[47,87482,128],{"class":61},[47,87484,86805],{"class":65},[47,87486,128],{"class":61},[47,87488,3854],{"class":98},[47,87490,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87492,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87494,6586],{"class":98},[47,87496,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87498,1499],{"class":94},[47,87500,99],{"class":98},[47,87502,1922],{"class":1788},[47,87504,99],{"class":98},[47,87506,826],{"class":86814},[47,87508,1796],{"class":98},[20,87510,30228],{},[38,87512,87514],{"className":40,"code":87513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87515,87516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87517,87518,87520,87522,87524,87527,87529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87519,3482],{"class":57},[47,87521,3485],{"class":2266},[47,87523,3488],{"class":61},[47,87525,87526],{"class":65},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[47,87528,3493],{"class":61},[47,87530,3496],{"class":57},[20,87532,87533,87534,87536],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87535,86754],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[33,87538,87540],{"id":87539},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87542,87543],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[38,87545,87546],{"className":40,"code":86766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87547,87548,87590,87604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87549,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87551,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87553,86776],{"class":94},[47,87555,99],{"class":98},[47,87557,128],{"class":61},[47,87559,86783],{"class":65},[47,87561,128],{"class":61},[47,87563,136],{"class":98},[47,87565,62],{"class":61},[47,87567,60690],{"class":65},[47,87569,128],{"class":61},[47,87571,136],{"class":98},[47,87573,86798],{"class":951},[47,87575,58],{"class":57},[47,87577,128],{"class":61},[47,87579,86805],{"class":65},[47,87581,128],{"class":61},[47,87583,3854],{"class":98},[47,87585,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87587,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87589,6586],{"class":98},[47,87591,87592,87594,87596,87598,87600,87602],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87593,86822],{"class":53},[47,87595,58],{"class":57},[47,87597,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87599,445],{"class":98},[47,87601,86831],{"class":102},[47,87603,8836],{"class":98},[47,87605,87606,87608,87610,87612],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87607,1499],{"class":94},[47,87609,99],{"class":98},[47,87611,86842],{"class":102},[47,87613,106],{"class":98},[20,87615,87616],{},"Why this is recommended:",[187,87618,87619,87624,87630,87633],{},[190,87620,87621,87623],{},[15,87622,86773],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[190,87625,87626,87627,87629],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87628,86909],{}," yourself",[190,87631,87632],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[190,87634,87635],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87637,83934,87638,87640],{},[15,87639,86773],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[38,87642,87643],{"className":40,"code":86914,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87644,87645,87683,87697,87707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87646,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87648,826],{"class":86814},[47,87650,13470],{"class":57},[47,87652,86776],{"class":94},[47,87654,99],{"class":98},[47,87656,128],{"class":61},[47,87658,86783],{"class":65},[47,87660,128],{"class":61},[47,87662,136],{"class":98},[47,87664,62],{"class":61},[47,87666,60690],{"class":65},[47,87668,128],{"class":61},[47,87670,136],{"class":98},[47,87672,86798],{"class":951},[47,87674,58],{"class":57},[47,87676,128],{"class":61},[47,87678,86805],{"class":65},[47,87680,128],{"class":61},[47,87682,106],{"class":98},[47,87684,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87686,86959],{"class":53},[47,87688,58],{"class":57},[47,87690,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87692,445],{"class":98},[47,87694,86831],{"class":102},[47,87696,8836],{"class":98},[47,87698,87699,87701,87703,87705],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87700,95],{"class":94},[47,87702,99],{"class":98},[47,87704,86842],{"class":102},[47,87706,106],{"class":98},[47,87708,87709,87711,87713,87715],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,87710,826],{"class":86814},[47,87712,445],{"class":98},[47,87714,86988],{"class":102},[47,87716,8836],{"class":98},[20,87718,87719],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[33,87721,87723],{"id":87722},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87725,87726,87727,87729],{},"Use mode ",[15,87728,86852],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[447,87731,87733],{"id":87732},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87735,87736,87738],{},[15,87737,86889],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[38,87740,87741],{"className":40,"code":86766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,87742,87743,87785,87799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87744,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87746,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87748,86776],{"class":94},[47,87750,99],{"class":98},[47,87752,128],{"class":61},[47,87754,86783],{"class":65},[47,87756,128],{"class":61},[47,87758,136],{"class":98},[47,87760,62],{"class":61},[47,87762,60690],{"class":65},[47,87764,128],{"class":61},[47,87766,136],{"class":98},[47,87768,86798],{"class":951},[47,87770,58],{"class":57},[47,87772,128],{"class":61},[47,87774,86805],{"class":65},[47,87776,128],{"class":61},[47,87778,3854],{"class":98},[47,87780,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87782,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87784,6586],{"class":98},[47,87786,87787,87789,87791,87793,87795,87797],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87788,86822],{"class":53},[47,87790,58],{"class":57},[47,87792,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87794,445],{"class":98},[47,87796,86831],{"class":102},[47,87798,8836],{"class":98},[47,87800,87801,87803,87805,87807],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87802,1499],{"class":94},[47,87804,99],{"class":98},[47,87806,86842],{"class":102},[47,87808,106],{"class":98},[447,87810,87812],{"id":87811},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87814,87815,87817],{},[15,87816,86894],{}," reads one line at a time.",[38,87819,87821],{"className":40,"code":87820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87822,87823,87865,87881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87824,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87826,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87828,86776],{"class":94},[47,87830,99],{"class":98},[47,87832,128],{"class":61},[47,87834,86783],{"class":65},[47,87836,128],{"class":61},[47,87838,136],{"class":98},[47,87840,62],{"class":61},[47,87842,60690],{"class":65},[47,87844,128],{"class":61},[47,87846,136],{"class":98},[47,87848,86798],{"class":951},[47,87850,58],{"class":57},[47,87852,128],{"class":61},[47,87854,86805],{"class":65},[47,87856,128],{"class":61},[47,87858,3854],{"class":98},[47,87860,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87862,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87864,6586],{"class":98},[47,87866,87867,87870,87872,87874,87876,87879],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87868,87869],{"class":53},"    first_line ",[47,87871,58],{"class":57},[47,87873,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87875,445],{"class":98},[47,87877,87878],{"class":102},"readline",[47,87880,8836],{"class":98},[47,87882,87883,87885,87887,87890],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87884,1499],{"class":94},[47,87886,99],{"class":98},[47,87888,87889],{"class":102},"first_line",[47,87891,106],{"class":98},[447,87893,87895],{"id":87894},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87897,87898],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[38,87900,87902],{"className":40,"code":87901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87903,87904,87946,87960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,87905,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,87907,86773],{"class":1461},[47,87909,86776],{"class":94},[47,87911,99],{"class":98},[47,87913,128],{"class":61},[47,87915,86783],{"class":65},[47,87917,128],{"class":61},[47,87919,136],{"class":98},[47,87921,62],{"class":61},[47,87923,60690],{"class":65},[47,87925,128],{"class":61},[47,87927,136],{"class":98},[47,87929,86798],{"class":951},[47,87931,58],{"class":57},[47,87933,128],{"class":61},[47,87935,86805],{"class":65},[47,87937,128],{"class":61},[47,87939,3854],{"class":98},[47,87941,47545],{"class":1461},[47,87943,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87945,6586],{"class":98},[47,87947,87948,87951,87954,87956,87958],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,87949,87950],{"class":1461},"    for",[47,87952,87953],{"class":53}," line ",[47,87955,1468],{"class":1461},[47,87957,86815],{"class":86814},[47,87959,6586],{"class":98},[47,87961,87962,87964,87966,87968,87970,87972],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,87963,47525],{"class":94},[47,87965,99],{"class":98},[47,87967,49],{"class":102},[47,87969,445],{"class":98},[47,87971,8827],{"class":102},[47,87973,7389],{"class":98},[20,87975,87976,87977,3072,87981,445],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[594,87978,87980],{"href":87979},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[594,87982,87984],{"href":87983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[33,87986,87988],{"id":87987},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87990,167,87991,87993],{},[15,87992,87168],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[38,87995,87997],{"className":40,"code":87996,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87998,87999,88042,88063],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88000,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88002,86773],{"class":1461},[47,88004,86776],{"class":94},[47,88006,99],{"class":98},[47,88008,128],{"class":61},[47,88010,88011],{"class":65},"output.txt",[47,88013,128],{"class":61},[47,88015,136],{"class":98},[47,88017,62],{"class":61},[47,88019,60673],{"class":65},[47,88021,128],{"class":61},[47,88023,136],{"class":98},[47,88025,86798],{"class":951},[47,88027,58],{"class":57},[47,88029,128],{"class":61},[47,88031,86805],{"class":65},[47,88033,128],{"class":61},[47,88035,3854],{"class":98},[47,88037,47545],{"class":1461},[47,88039,86815],{"class":86814},[47,88041,6586],{"class":98},[47,88043,88044,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88057,88059,88061],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88045,87318],{"class":86814},[47,88047,445],{"class":98},[47,88049,70379],{"class":102},[47,88051,99],{"class":98},[47,88053,128],{"class":61},[47,88055,88056],{"class":65},"First line",[47,88058,1214],{"class":1213},[47,88060,128],{"class":61},[47,88062,106],{"class":98},[47,88064,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88078,88080,88082],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,88066,87318],{"class":86814},[47,88068,445],{"class":98},[47,88070,70379],{"class":102},[47,88072,99],{"class":98},[47,88074,128],{"class":61},[47,88076,88077],{"class":65},"Second line",[47,88079,1214],{"class":1213},[47,88081,128],{"class":61},[47,88083,106],{"class":98},[20,88085,167,88086,88088],{},[15,88087,18292],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[38,88090,88092],{"className":40,"code":88091,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88093,88094,88136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88095,88096,88098,88100,88102,88104,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88097,86773],{"class":1461},[47,88099,86776],{"class":94},[47,88101,99],{"class":98},[47,88103,128],{"class":61},[47,88105,88011],{"class":65},[47,88107,128],{"class":61},[47,88109,136],{"class":98},[47,88111,62],{"class":61},[47,88113,594],{"class":65},[47,88115,128],{"class":61},[47,88117,136],{"class":98},[47,88119,86798],{"class":951},[47,88121,58],{"class":57},[47,88123,128],{"class":61},[47,88125,86805],{"class":65},[47,88127,128],{"class":61},[47,88129,3854],{"class":98},[47,88131,47545],{"class":1461},[47,88133,86815],{"class":86814},[47,88135,6586],{"class":98},[47,88137,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88151,88153,88155],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88139,87318],{"class":86814},[47,88141,445],{"class":98},[47,88143,70379],{"class":102},[47,88145,99],{"class":98},[47,88147,128],{"class":61},[47,88149,88150],{"class":65},"Third line",[47,88152,1214],{"class":1213},[47,88154,128],{"class":61},[47,88156,106],{"class":98},[20,88158,88159],{},"Important detail:",[187,88161,88162,88167,88174],{},[190,88163,88164,88166],{},[15,88165,86904],{}," writes a string",[190,88168,88169,14248,88171,88173],{},[15,88170,86904],{},[280,88172,4826],{}," add a newline for you",[190,88175,88176,88177,87629],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88178,1214],{},[20,88180,88181,88182,3072,88186,445],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[594,88183,88185],{"href":88184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[594,88187,88189],{"href":88188},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[33,88191,88193],{"id":88192},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88195,88196],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[447,88198,88200],{"id":88199},"encodingutf-8",[15,88201,87148],{},[20,88203,88204],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[38,88206,88208],{"className":40,"code":88207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88209,88210,88253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88211,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237,88239,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88213,86773],{"class":1461},[47,88215,86776],{"class":94},[47,88217,99],{"class":98},[47,88219,128],{"class":61},[47,88221,88222],{"class":65},"message.txt",[47,88224,128],{"class":61},[47,88226,136],{"class":98},[47,88228,62],{"class":61},[47,88230,60690],{"class":65},[47,88232,128],{"class":61},[47,88234,136],{"class":98},[47,88236,86798],{"class":951},[47,88238,58],{"class":57},[47,88240,128],{"class":61},[47,88242,86805],{"class":65},[47,88244,128],{"class":61},[47,88246,3854],{"class":98},[47,88248,47545],{"class":1461},[47,88250,86815],{"class":86814},[47,88252,6586],{"class":98},[47,88254,88255,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88256,1499],{"class":94},[47,88258,99],{"class":98},[47,88260,826],{"class":86814},[47,88262,445],{"class":98},[47,88264,86831],{"class":102},[47,88266,7389],{"class":98},[20,88268,88269],{},"Why it matters:",[187,88271,88272,88275,88278],{},[190,88273,88274],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[190,88276,88277],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[190,88279,88280],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[447,88282,88284],{"id":88283},"newline",[15,88285,88283],{},[20,88287,88288],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88290,88291],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[447,88293,88295],{"id":88294},"buffering",[15,88296,88294],{},[20,88298,88299],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88301,88302],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[33,88304,88306],{"id":88305},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88308,88309],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[447,88311,88313],{"id":88312},"filenotfounderror",[15,88314,88315],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88317,88318],{},"This happens when:",[187,88320,88321,88324,88327],{},[190,88322,88323],{},"the file does not exist",[190,88325,88326],{},"the path is wrong",[190,88328,88329],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88331,204],{},[38,88333,88335],{"className":40,"code":88334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88336,88337,88380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88338,88339,88341,88343,88345,88347,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88340,86773],{"class":1461},[47,88342,86776],{"class":94},[47,88344,99],{"class":98},[47,88346,128],{"class":61},[47,88348,88349],{"class":65},"missing.txt",[47,88351,128],{"class":61},[47,88353,136],{"class":98},[47,88355,62],{"class":61},[47,88357,60690],{"class":65},[47,88359,128],{"class":61},[47,88361,136],{"class":98},[47,88363,86798],{"class":951},[47,88365,58],{"class":57},[47,88367,128],{"class":61},[47,88369,86805],{"class":65},[47,88371,128],{"class":61},[47,88373,3854],{"class":98},[47,88375,47545],{"class":1461},[47,88377,86815],{"class":86814},[47,88379,6586],{"class":98},[47,88381,88382,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88383,1499],{"class":94},[47,88385,99],{"class":98},[47,88387,826],{"class":86814},[47,88389,445],{"class":98},[47,88391,86831],{"class":102},[47,88393,7389],{"class":98},[20,88395,88396,88397,839,88405,445],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[594,88398,88400,88401,88404],{"href":88399},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[47,88402,88403],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[594,88406,88408],{"href":88407},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[447,88410,88412],{"id":88411},"permissionerror",[15,88413,88414],{},"PermissionError",[20,88416,88417],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88419,88420],{},"Example causes:",[187,88422,88423,88426,88429],{},[190,88424,88425],{},"the file is protected",[190,88427,88428],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[190,88430,88431],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88433,88434,88435],{},"Related page: ",[594,88436,88438,88439,88442],{"href":88437},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[47,88440,88441],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[447,88444,88446],{"id":88445},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88447,88448],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88450,88451],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88453,204],{},[38,88455,88457],{"className":40,"code":88456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88458,88459,88502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88460,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88462,86773],{"class":1461},[47,88464,86776],{"class":94},[47,88466,99],{"class":98},[47,88468,128],{"class":61},[47,88470,88471],{"class":65},"my_folder",[47,88473,128],{"class":61},[47,88475,136],{"class":98},[47,88477,62],{"class":61},[47,88479,60690],{"class":65},[47,88481,128],{"class":61},[47,88483,136],{"class":98},[47,88485,86798],{"class":951},[47,88487,58],{"class":57},[47,88489,128],{"class":61},[47,88491,86805],{"class":65},[47,88493,128],{"class":61},[47,88495,3854],{"class":98},[47,88497,47545],{"class":1461},[47,88499,86815],{"class":86814},[47,88501,6586],{"class":98},[47,88503,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88505,1499],{"class":94},[47,88507,99],{"class":98},[47,88509,826],{"class":86814},[47,88511,445],{"class":98},[47,88513,86831],{"class":102},[47,88515,7389],{"class":98},[20,88517,88434,88518],{},[594,88519,88521,88522,88525],{"href":88520},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[47,88523,88524],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[447,88527,88529],{"id":88528},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88530,88531],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88533,88534,88535,445],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88536,86754],{},[20,88538,88434,88539],{},[594,88540,88542],{"href":88541},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[33,88544,88546],{"id":88545},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88548,88549,88550,88552],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88551,86754],{}," function.",[20,88554,88555],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[187,88557,88558,88561,88564,88570],{},[190,88559,88560],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[190,88562,88563],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[190,88565,88566,88567,88569],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88568,86754],{}," itself",[190,88571,88572,88573],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[594,88574,88576],{"href":88575},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[33,88578,1595],{"id":1594},[20,88580,88581,88582,420],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88583,86754],{},[187,88585,88586,88591,88597,88602,88605,88608],{},[190,88587,1654,88588,88590],{},[15,88589,86852],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[190,88592,88593,88594,88596],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88595,87052],{}," for text files",[190,88598,1654,88599,88601],{},[15,88600,87168],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[190,88603,88604],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[190,88606,88607],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[190,88609,88610],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88612,88613],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[38,88615,88617],{"className":40,"code":88616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88618,88619,88626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88620,88621,88623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88622,35286],{"class":1461},[47,88624,88625],{"class":53}," os\n",[47,88627,88628,88630,88632,88634,88636,88639],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88629,95],{"class":94},[47,88631,99],{"class":98},[47,88633,42815],{"class":102},[47,88635,445],{"class":98},[47,88637,88638],{"class":102},"getcwd",[47,88640,7389],{"class":98},[20,88642,88643],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[38,88645,88647],{"className":40,"code":88646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88648,88649,88655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88650,88651,88653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88652,35286],{"class":1461},[47,88654,88625],{"class":53},[47,88656,88657,88659,88661,88663,88665,88668,88670,88673,88675,88677,88679,88681],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88658,95],{"class":94},[47,88660,99],{"class":98},[47,88662,42815],{"class":102},[47,88664,445],{"class":98},[47,88666,88667],{"class":24948},"path",[47,88669,445],{"class":98},[47,88671,88672],{"class":102},"exists",[47,88674,99],{"class":98},[47,88676,128],{"class":61},[47,88678,86783],{"class":65},[47,88680,128],{"class":61},[47,88682,1796],{"class":98},[20,88684,88685],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[38,88687,88689],{"className":40,"code":88688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88690,88691,88697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88692,88693,88695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88694,35286],{"class":1461},[47,88696,88625],{"class":53},[47,88698,88699,88701,88703,88705,88707,88709,88711,88714,88716,88718,88720,88722],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88700,95],{"class":94},[47,88702,99],{"class":98},[47,88704,42815],{"class":102},[47,88706,445],{"class":98},[47,88708,88667],{"class":24948},[47,88710,445],{"class":98},[47,88712,88713],{"class":102},"isfile",[47,88715,99],{"class":98},[47,88717,128],{"class":61},[47,88719,86783],{"class":65},[47,88721,128],{"class":61},[47,88723,1796],{"class":98},[20,88725,88726],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[38,88728,88730],{"className":40,"code":88729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88731,88732,88774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,88733,88734,88736,88738,88740,88742,88744,88746,88748,88750,88752,88754,88756,88758,88760,88762,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,88735,86773],{"class":1461},[47,88737,86776],{"class":94},[47,88739,99],{"class":98},[47,88741,128],{"class":61},[47,88743,86783],{"class":65},[47,88745,128],{"class":61},[47,88747,136],{"class":98},[47,88749,62],{"class":61},[47,88751,60690],{"class":65},[47,88753,128],{"class":61},[47,88755,136],{"class":98},[47,88757,86798],{"class":951},[47,88759,58],{"class":57},[47,88761,128],{"class":61},[47,88763,86805],{"class":65},[47,88765,128],{"class":61},[47,88767,3854],{"class":98},[47,88769,47545],{"class":1461},[47,88771,86815],{"class":86814},[47,88773,6586],{"class":98},[47,88775,88776,88778,88780,88782,88784,88786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,88777,1499],{"class":94},[47,88779,99],{"class":98},[47,88781,826],{"class":86814},[47,88783,445],{"class":98},[47,88785,86831],{"class":102},[47,88787,7389],{"class":98},[20,88789,88790],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[33,88792,1969],{"id":1968},[447,88794,88796],{"id":88795},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88798,88799],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[447,88801,88803],{"id":88802},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88805,88806,88807,88809],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88808,86773],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[447,88811,2055,88813,839,88815,88817],{"id":88812},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88814,87168],{},[15,88816,18292],{}," mode?",[20,88819,88820,88822,88823,88825],{},[15,88821,87168],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88824,18292],{}," adds new content to the end.",[447,88827,88829],{"id":88828},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88831,88832],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[447,88834,88836],{"id":88835},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88838,88839,88840,88842],{},"It is a good habit. 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range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90679,"toc":92928},[90680,90685,90690,90703,90705,90770,90781,90786,90791,90793,90816,90819,90850,90852,90869,90874,90880,90885,90934,90937,90954,90960,90965,90988,90990,91018,91024,91032,91059,91061,91086,91092,91095,91126,91128,91157,91161,91164,91169,91191,91193,91221,91227,91233,91259,91261,91285,91291,91297,91327,91329,91357,91367,91371,91377,91410,91412,91441,91444,91447,91480,91482,91490,91496,91498,91521,91526,91535,91540,91554,91556,91596,91598,91628,91632,91667,91673,91677,91721,91723,91753,91759,91762,91841,91843,91865,91873,91876,91939,91947,92022,92028,92035,92040,92045,92068,92070,92091,92093,92106,92108,92155,92157,92196,92205,92207,92211,92215,92218,92245,92248,92277,92280,92304,92307,92315,92321,92343,92345,92373,92377,92382,92437,92442,92444,92501,92508,92517,92520,92552,92554,92562,92565,92571,92573,92596,92599,92605,92608,92627,92629,92648,92651,92673,92675,92703,92707,92711,92816,92818,92831,92833,92839,92842,92850,92855,92861,92867,92872,92880,92886,92893,92895,92925],[10,90681,13,90683,18],{"id":90682},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90684,36392],{},[20,90686,22,90687,90689],{},[15,90688,36392],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90691,90692,90693,90695,90696,90698,90699,90702],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90694,1462],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90697,36392],{}," stops ",[280,90700,90701],{},"before"," the end value.",[33,90704,36],{"id":35},[38,90706,90708],{"className":40,"code":90707,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90709,90710,90726,90736,90740,90745,90750,90755,90760,90765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90711,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90713,1462],{"class":1461},[47,90715,69733],{"class":53},[47,90717,1468],{"class":1461},[47,90719,1471],{"class":94},[47,90721,99],{"class":98},[47,90723,232],{"class":80},[47,90725,1483],{"class":98},[47,90727,90728,90730,90732,90734],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90729,1499],{"class":94},[47,90731,99],{"class":98},[47,90733,36348],{"class":102},[47,90735,106],{"class":98},[47,90737,90738],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,90739,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,90741,90742],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,90743,90744],{"class":3857},"# Output:\n",[47,90746,90747],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,90748,90749],{"class":3857},"# 0\n",[47,90751,90752],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,90753,90754],{"class":3857},"# 1\n",[47,90756,90757],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,90758,90759],{"class":3857},"# 2\n",[47,90761,90762],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,90763,90764],{"class":3857},"# 3\n",[47,90766,90767],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,90768,90769],{"class":3857},"# 4\n",[20,90771,90772,90775,90776,90778,90779,445],{},[15,90773,90774],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90777,2321],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90780,232],{},[33,90782,174,90784,177],{"id":90783},"what-range-does",[15,90785,36392],{},[20,90787,90788,90790],{},[15,90789,36392],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90792,13247],{},[187,90794,90795,90800,90806,90811],{},[190,90796,90797,90799],{},[15,90798,36392],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[190,90801,90802,90803,90805],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90804,1462],{}," loops",[190,90807,90808,90809],{},"The stop value is ",[280,90810,65254],{},[190,90812,17618,90813,90815],{},[15,90814,60183],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90817,90818],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[38,90820,90822],{"className":40,"code":90821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90823,90824,90840],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90825,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834,90836,90838],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90827,1462],{"class":1461},[47,90829,1465],{"class":53},[47,90831,1468],{"class":1461},[47,90833,1471],{"class":94},[47,90835,99],{"class":98},[47,90837,2263],{"class":80},[47,90839,1483],{"class":98},[47,90841,90842,90844,90846,90848],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90843,1499],{"class":94},[47,90845,99],{"class":98},[47,90847,2438],{"class":102},[47,90849,106],{"class":98},[20,90851,144],{},[38,90853,90855],{"className":40,"code":90854,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90856,90857,90861,90865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90858,90859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90860,47439],{"class":80},[47,90862,90863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90864,47104],{"class":80},[47,90866,90867],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,90868,17252],{"class":80},[20,90870,90871,90872,445],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[594,90873,36222],{"href":36221},[33,90875,90877,90879],{"id":90876},"range-syntax",[15,90878,36392],{}," syntax",[20,90881,90882,90884],{},[15,90883,36392],{}," has three common forms:",[38,90886,90888],{"className":40,"code":90887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90889,90890,90900,90915],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90891,90892,90894,90896,90898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90893,60183],{"class":94},[47,90895,99],{"class":98},[47,90897,75610],{"class":102},[47,90899,106],{"class":98},[47,90901,90902,90904,90906,90908,90910,90913],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,90903,60183],{"class":94},[47,90905,99],{"class":98},[47,90907,36266],{"class":102},[47,90909,136],{"class":98},[47,90911,90912],{"class":102}," stop",[47,90914,106],{"class":98},[47,90916,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929,90932],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,90918,60183],{"class":94},[47,90920,99],{"class":98},[47,90922,36266],{"class":102},[47,90924,136],{"class":98},[47,90926,90912],{"class":102},[47,90928,136],{"class":98},[47,90930,90931],{"class":102}," step",[47,90933,106],{"class":98},[20,90935,90936],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[187,90938,90939,90944,90949],{},[190,90940,90941,90943],{},[15,90942,36266],{}," = first number",[190,90945,90946,90948],{},[15,90947,75610],{}," = end limit, not included",[190,90950,90951,90953],{},[15,90952,75613],{}," = amount to move each time",[447,90955,90957],{"id":90956},"rangestop",[15,90958,90959],{},"range(stop)",[20,90961,90962,90963,445],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90964,2321],{},[38,90966,90968],{"className":40,"code":90967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90969,90970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90971,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90973,95],{"class":94},[47,90975,99],{"class":98},[47,90977,8288],{"class":1788},[47,90979,99],{"class":98},[47,90981,60183],{"class":94},[47,90983,99],{"class":98},[47,90985,232],{"class":80},[47,90987,3106],{"class":98},[20,90989,144],{},[38,90991,90992],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,90993,90994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,90995,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,90997,4092],{"class":98},[47,90999,2321],{"class":80},[47,91001,136],{"class":98},[47,91003,1545],{"class":80},[47,91005,136],{"class":98},[47,91007,1562],{"class":80},[47,91009,136],{"class":98},[47,91011,249],{"class":80},[47,91013,136],{"class":98},[47,91015,393],{"class":80},[47,91017,3828],{"class":98},[447,91019,91021],{"id":91020},"rangestart-stop",[15,91022,91023],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91025,91026,91027,91029,91030,445],{},"This starts at ",[15,91028,36266],{}," and stops before ",[15,91031,75610],{},[38,91033,91035],{"className":40,"code":91034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91036,91037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91038,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91040,95],{"class":94},[47,91042,99],{"class":98},[47,91044,8288],{"class":1788},[47,91046,99],{"class":98},[47,91048,60183],{"class":94},[47,91050,99],{"class":98},[47,91052,243],{"class":80},[47,91054,136],{"class":98},[47,91056,398],{"class":80},[47,91058,3106],{"class":98},[20,91060,144],{},[38,91062,91064],{"className":40,"code":91063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91065,91066],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91067,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082,91084],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91069,4092],{"class":98},[47,91071,243],{"class":80},[47,91073,136],{"class":98},[47,91075,249],{"class":80},[47,91077,136],{"class":98},[47,91079,393],{"class":80},[47,91081,136],{"class":98},[47,91083,4800],{"class":80},[47,91085,3828],{"class":98},[447,91087,91089],{"id":91088},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91090,91091],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91093,91094],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[38,91096,91098],{"className":40,"code":91097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91099,91100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91101,91102,91104,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91103,95],{"class":94},[47,91105,99],{"class":98},[47,91107,8288],{"class":1788},[47,91109,99],{"class":98},[47,91111,60183],{"class":94},[47,91113,99],{"class":98},[47,91115,1476],{"class":80},[47,91117,136],{"class":98},[47,91119,373],{"class":80},[47,91121,136],{"class":98},[47,91123,1562],{"class":80},[47,91125,3106],{"class":98},[20,91127,144],{},[38,91129,91131],{"className":40,"code":91130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91132,91133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91134,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91136,4092],{"class":98},[47,91138,1476],{"class":80},[47,91140,136],{"class":98},[47,91142,249],{"class":80},[47,91144,136],{"class":98},[47,91146,4800],{"class":80},[47,91148,136],{"class":98},[47,91150,6188],{"class":80},[47,91152,136],{"class":98},[47,91154,54320],{"class":80},[47,91156,3828],{"class":98},[33,91158,91160],{"id":91159},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91162,91163],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[447,91165,91167],{"id":91166},"range5",[15,91168,90774],{},[38,91170,91171],{"className":40,"code":90967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91172,91173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91174,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91176,95],{"class":94},[47,91178,99],{"class":98},[47,91180,8288],{"class":1788},[47,91182,99],{"class":98},[47,91184,60183],{"class":94},[47,91186,99],{"class":98},[47,91188,232],{"class":80},[47,91190,3106],{"class":98},[20,91192,144],{},[38,91194,91195],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91196,91197],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91198,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215,91217,91219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91200,4092],{"class":98},[47,91202,2321],{"class":80},[47,91204,136],{"class":98},[47,91206,1545],{"class":80},[47,91208,136],{"class":98},[47,91210,1562],{"class":80},[47,91212,136],{"class":98},[47,91214,249],{"class":80},[47,91216,136],{"class":98},[47,91218,393],{"class":80},[47,91220,3828],{"class":98},[20,91222,91026,91223,91029,91225,445],{},[15,91224,2321],{},[15,91226,232],{},[447,91228,91230],{"id":91229},"range2-6",[15,91231,91232],{},"range(2, 6)",[38,91234,91235],{"className":40,"code":91034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91236,91237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91238,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91240,95],{"class":94},[47,91242,99],{"class":98},[47,91244,8288],{"class":1788},[47,91246,99],{"class":98},[47,91248,60183],{"class":94},[47,91250,99],{"class":98},[47,91252,243],{"class":80},[47,91254,136],{"class":98},[47,91256,398],{"class":80},[47,91258,3106],{"class":98},[20,91260,144],{},[38,91262,91263],{"className":40,"code":91063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91264,91265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91266,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91268,4092],{"class":98},[47,91270,243],{"class":80},[47,91272,136],{"class":98},[47,91274,249],{"class":80},[47,91276,136],{"class":98},[47,91278,393],{"class":80},[47,91280,136],{"class":98},[47,91282,4800],{"class":80},[47,91284,3828],{"class":98},[20,91286,91026,91287,91029,91289,445],{},[15,91288,243],{},[15,91290,80777],{},[447,91292,91294],{"id":91293},"range1-10-2",[15,91295,91296],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[38,91298,91299],{"className":40,"code":91097,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91300,91301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91302,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323,91325],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91304,95],{"class":94},[47,91306,99],{"class":98},[47,91308,8288],{"class":1788},[47,91310,99],{"class":98},[47,91312,60183],{"class":94},[47,91314,99],{"class":98},[47,91316,1476],{"class":80},[47,91318,136],{"class":98},[47,91320,373],{"class":80},[47,91322,136],{"class":98},[47,91324,1562],{"class":80},[47,91326,3106],{"class":98},[20,91328,144],{},[38,91330,91331],{"className":40,"code":91130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91332,91333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91334,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91336,4092],{"class":98},[47,91338,1476],{"class":80},[47,91340,136],{"class":98},[47,91342,249],{"class":80},[47,91344,136],{"class":98},[47,91346,4800],{"class":80},[47,91348,136],{"class":98},[47,91350,6188],{"class":80},[47,91352,136],{"class":98},[47,91354,54320],{"class":80},[47,91356,3828],{"class":98},[20,91358,91359,91360,91362,91363,61486,91365,445],{},"This moves by ",[15,91361,243],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91364,1476],{},[15,91366,2345],{},[447,91368,91370],{"id":91369},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91372,91373,91374,91376],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91375,36392],{}," count backward.",[38,91378,91380],{"className":40,"code":91379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91381,91382],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91383,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91385,95],{"class":94},[47,91387,99],{"class":98},[47,91389,8288],{"class":1788},[47,91391,99],{"class":98},[47,91393,60183],{"class":94},[47,91395,99],{"class":98},[47,91397,232],{"class":80},[47,91399,136],{"class":98},[47,91401,4026],{"class":80},[47,91403,136],{"class":98},[47,91405,2422],{"class":57},[47,91407,1476],{"class":80},[47,91409,3106],{"class":98},[20,91411,144],{},[38,91413,91415],{"className":40,"code":91414,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91416,91417],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91418,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91420,4092],{"class":98},[47,91422,232],{"class":80},[47,91424,136],{"class":98},[47,91426,393],{"class":80},[47,91428,136],{"class":98},[47,91430,249],{"class":80},[47,91432,136],{"class":98},[47,91434,1562],{"class":80},[47,91436,136],{"class":98},[47,91438,1545],{"class":80},[47,91440,3828],{"class":98},[20,91442,91443],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91445,91446],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[38,91448,91450],{"className":40,"code":91449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91451,91452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91453,91454,91456,91458,91460,91462,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91455,95],{"class":94},[47,91457,99],{"class":98},[47,91459,8288],{"class":1788},[47,91461,99],{"class":98},[47,91463,60183],{"class":94},[47,91465,99],{"class":98},[47,91467,1476],{"class":80},[47,91469,136],{"class":98},[47,91471,4800],{"class":80},[47,91473,136],{"class":98},[47,91475,2422],{"class":57},[47,91477,1476],{"class":80},[47,91479,3106],{"class":98},[20,91481,144],{},[38,91483,91484],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91485,91486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91487,91488],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91489,38489],{"class":98},[447,91491,91492,76773,91494],{"id":76997},[15,91493,75613],{},[15,91495,2321],{},[20,91497,3030],{},[38,91499,91501],{"className":40,"code":91500,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91502,91503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91504,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517,91519],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91506,60183],{"class":94},[47,91508,99],{"class":98},[47,91510,1476],{"class":80},[47,91512,136],{"class":98},[47,91514,4800],{"class":80},[47,91516,136],{"class":98},[47,91518,4026],{"class":80},[47,91520,106],{"class":98},[20,91522,77042,91523,91525],{},[15,91524,40894],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[33,91527,1654,91529,91531,91532,91534],{"id":91528},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91530,36392],{}," in a ",[15,91533,1462],{}," loop",[20,91536,91537,91539],{},[15,91538,36392],{}," is most useful when:",[187,91541,91542,91545,91548],{},[190,91543,91544],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[190,91546,91547],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[190,91549,91550,91551],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91552,91553],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91555,204],{},[38,91557,91559],{"className":40,"code":91558,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91560,91561,91577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91562,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91564,1462],{"class":1461},[47,91566,69733],{"class":53},[47,91568,1468],{"class":1461},[47,91570,1471],{"class":94},[47,91572,99],{"class":98},[47,91574,2263],{"class":80},[47,91576,1483],{"class":98},[47,91578,91579,91581,91583,91585,91588,91590,91592,91594],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91580,1499],{"class":94},[47,91582,99],{"class":98},[47,91584,128],{"class":61},[47,91586,91587],{"class":65},"Loop number:",[47,91589,128],{"class":61},[47,91591,136],{"class":98},[47,91593,36323],{"class":102},[47,91595,106],{"class":98},[20,91597,144],{},[38,91599,91601],{"className":40,"code":91600,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91602,91603,91612,91620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91604,91605,91608,91610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91606,91607],{"class":53},"Loop number",[47,91609,420],{"class":98},[47,91611,1452],{"class":80},[47,91613,91614,91616,91618],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91615,91607],{"class":53},[47,91617,420],{"class":98},[47,91619,1553],{"class":80},[47,91621,91622,91624,91626],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,91623,91607],{"class":53},[47,91625,420],{"class":98},[47,91627,45778],{"class":80},[447,91629,91631],{"id":91630},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[38,91633,91635],{"className":40,"code":91634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91636,91637,91653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91638,91639,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649,91651],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91640,1462],{"class":1461},[47,91642,69733],{"class":53},[47,91644,1468],{"class":1461},[47,91646,1471],{"class":94},[47,91648,99],{"class":98},[47,91650,232],{"class":80},[47,91652,1483],{"class":98},[47,91654,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91656,1499],{"class":94},[47,91658,99],{"class":98},[47,91660,128],{"class":61},[47,91662,131],{"class":65},[47,91664,128],{"class":61},[47,91666,106],{"class":98},[20,91668,91669,91670,91672],{},"This prints ",[15,91671,1816],{}," five times.",[447,91674,91676],{"id":91675},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[38,91678,91680],{"className":40,"code":91679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91681,91682,91702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91683,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91685,1462],{"class":1461},[47,91687,69733],{"class":53},[47,91689,1468],{"class":1461},[47,91691,1471],{"class":94},[47,91693,99],{"class":98},[47,91695,1476],{"class":80},[47,91697,136],{"class":98},[47,91699,393],{"class":80},[47,91701,1483],{"class":98},[47,91703,91704,91706,91708,91710,91713,91715,91717,91719],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91705,1499],{"class":94},[47,91707,99],{"class":98},[47,91709,128],{"class":61},[47,91711,91712],{"class":65},"Current number is",[47,91714,128],{"class":61},[47,91716,136],{"class":98},[47,91718,36323],{"class":102},[47,91720,106],{"class":98},[20,91722,144],{},[38,91724,91726],{"className":40,"code":91725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91727,91728,91737,91745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91729,91730,91733,91735],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91731,91732],{"class":53},"Current number ",[47,91734,12388],{"class":57},[47,91736,1553],{"class":80},[47,91738,91739,91741,91743],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91740,91732],{"class":53},[47,91742,12388],{"class":57},[47,91744,45778],{"class":80},[47,91746,91747,91749,91751],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,91748,91732],{"class":53},[47,91750,12388],{"class":57},[47,91752,1569],{"class":80},[447,91754,91756,91758],{"id":91755},"range-and-indexing",[15,91757,36392],{}," and indexing",[20,91760,91761],{},"You may see code like this:",[38,91763,91765],{"className":40,"code":91764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91766,91767,91799,91803,91823],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91768,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91770,7975],{"class":53},[47,91772,58],{"class":57},[47,91774,3815],{"class":98},[47,91776,128],{"class":61},[47,91778,594],{"class":65},[47,91780,128],{"class":61},[47,91782,136],{"class":98},[47,91784,62],{"class":61},[47,91786,4957],{"class":65},[47,91788,128],{"class":61},[47,91790,136],{"class":98},[47,91792,62],{"class":61},[47,91794,9931],{"class":65},[47,91796,128],{"class":61},[47,91798,3828],{"class":98},[47,91800,91801],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91802,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,91804,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,91806,1462],{"class":1461},[47,91808,69733],{"class":53},[47,91810,1468],{"class":1461},[47,91812,1471],{"class":94},[47,91814,99],{"class":98},[47,91816,11355],{"class":94},[47,91818,99],{"class":98},[47,91820,8006],{"class":102},[47,91822,69748],{"class":98},[47,91824,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,91826,1499],{"class":94},[47,91828,99],{"class":98},[47,91830,36348],{"class":102},[47,91832,136],{"class":98},[47,91834,6160],{"class":102},[47,91836,4092],{"class":98},[47,91838,36348],{"class":102},[47,91840,4080],{"class":98},[20,91842,144],{},[38,91844,91845],{"className":40,"code":36360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,91846,91847,91853,91859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91848,91849,91851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91850,2321],{"class":80},[47,91852,36369],{"class":53},[47,91854,91855,91857],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91856,1476],{"class":80},[47,91858,36376],{"class":53},[47,91860,91861,91863],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,91862,243],{"class":80},[47,91864,36383],{"class":53},[20,91866,91867,91868,91872],{},"This works, and it uses ",[594,91869,91870],{"href":42547},[15,91871,42550],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91874,91875],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[38,91877,91879],{"className":40,"code":91878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91880,91881,91913,91917,91929],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91882,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91884,7975],{"class":53},[47,91886,58],{"class":57},[47,91888,3815],{"class":98},[47,91890,128],{"class":61},[47,91892,594],{"class":65},[47,91894,128],{"class":61},[47,91896,136],{"class":98},[47,91898,62],{"class":61},[47,91900,4957],{"class":65},[47,91902,128],{"class":61},[47,91904,136],{"class":98},[47,91906,62],{"class":61},[47,91908,9931],{"class":65},[47,91910,128],{"class":61},[47,91912,3828],{"class":98},[47,91914,91915],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91916,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,91918,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,91920,1462],{"class":1461},[47,91922,6155],{"class":53},[47,91924,1468],{"class":1461},[47,91926,6160],{"class":53},[47,91928,6586],{"class":98},[47,91930,91931,91933,91935,91937],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,91932,1499],{"class":94},[47,91934,99],{"class":98},[47,91936,23508],{"class":102},[47,91938,106],{"class":98},[20,91940,36787,91941,91946],{},[594,91942,91944],{"href":91943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91945,35944],{}," is usually a better choice:",[38,91948,91950],{"className":40,"code":91949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91951,91952,91984,91988,92008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,91953,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,91955,7975],{"class":53},[47,91957,58],{"class":57},[47,91959,3815],{"class":98},[47,91961,128],{"class":61},[47,91963,594],{"class":65},[47,91965,128],{"class":61},[47,91967,136],{"class":98},[47,91969,62],{"class":61},[47,91971,4957],{"class":65},[47,91973,128],{"class":61},[47,91975,136],{"class":98},[47,91977,62],{"class":61},[47,91979,9931],{"class":65},[47,91981,128],{"class":61},[47,91983,3828],{"class":98},[47,91985,91986],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,91987,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,91989,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,91991,1462],{"class":1461},[47,91993,36016],{"class":53},[47,91995,136],{"class":98},[47,91997,6155],{"class":53},[47,91999,1468],{"class":1461},[47,92001,36026],{"class":94},[47,92003,99],{"class":98},[47,92005,8006],{"class":102},[47,92007,1483],{"class":98},[47,92009,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,92011,1499],{"class":94},[47,92013,99],{"class":98},[47,92015,36041],{"class":102},[47,92017,136],{"class":98},[47,92019,29706],{"class":102},[47,92021,106],{"class":98},[20,92023,79302,92024,445],{},[594,92025,36800,92026,36803],{"href":36799},[15,92027,35944],{},[33,92029,92031,92032,92034],{"id":92030},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92033,36392],{}," to a list",[20,92036,92037,92039],{},[15,92038,36392],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92041,92042,92043,420],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92044,24979],{},[38,92046,92048],{"className":40,"code":92047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92049,92050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92051,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92053,95],{"class":94},[47,92055,99],{"class":98},[47,92057,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92059,99],{"class":98},[47,92061,60183],{"class":94},[47,92063,99],{"class":98},[47,92065,2263],{"class":80},[47,92067,3106],{"class":98},[20,92069,144],{},[38,92071,92073],{"className":40,"code":92072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92074,92075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92076,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92078,4092],{"class":98},[47,92080,2321],{"class":80},[47,92082,136],{"class":98},[47,92084,1545],{"class":80},[47,92086,136],{"class":98},[47,92088,1562],{"class":80},[47,92090,3828],{"class":98},[20,92092,33509],{},[187,92094,92095,92100,92103],{},[190,92096,92097,92098,42275],{},"learning how ",[15,92099,36392],{},[190,92101,92102],{},"checking your values",[190,92104,92105],{},"debugging code",[20,92107,5667],{},[38,92109,92111],{"className":40,"code":92110,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92112,92113,92127,92131,92141],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92114,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92116,3810],{"class":53},[47,92118,58],{"class":57},[47,92120,1471],{"class":94},[47,92122,99],{"class":98},[47,92124,2700],{"class":80},[47,92126,106],{"class":98},[47,92128,92129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92130,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,92132,92133,92135,92137,92139],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,92134,95],{"class":94},[47,92136,99],{"class":98},[47,92138,195],{"class":102},[47,92140,106],{"class":98},[47,92142,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,92144,95],{"class":94},[47,92146,99],{"class":98},[47,92148,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92150,99],{"class":98},[47,92152,195],{"class":102},[47,92154,1796],{"class":98},[20,92156,144],{},[38,92158,92160],{"className":40,"code":92159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92161,92162,92176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92163,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92165,60183],{"class":94},[47,92167,99],{"class":98},[47,92169,2321],{"class":80},[47,92171,136],{"class":98},[47,92173,393],{"class":80},[47,92175,106],{"class":98},[47,92177,92178,92180,92182,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92179,4092],{"class":98},[47,92181,2321],{"class":80},[47,92183,136],{"class":98},[47,92185,1545],{"class":80},[47,92187,136],{"class":98},[47,92189,1562],{"class":80},[47,92191,136],{"class":98},[47,92193,249],{"class":80},[47,92195,3828],{"class":98},[20,92197,92198,92199,10778,92201,92204],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92200,60183],{},[15,92202,92203],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[33,92206,4713],{"id":4712},[20,92208,33738,92209,445],{},[15,92210,36392],{},[447,92212,92214],{"id":92213},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92216,92217],{},"Many beginners think this:",[38,92219,92221],{"className":40,"code":92220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92222,92223],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92224,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92226,95],{"class":94},[47,92228,99],{"class":98},[47,92230,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92232,99],{"class":98},[47,92234,60183],{"class":94},[47,92236,99],{"class":98},[47,92238,1476],{"class":80},[47,92240,136],{"class":98},[47,92242,4800],{"class":80},[47,92244,3106],{"class":98},[20,92246,92247],{},"will produce:",[38,92249,92251],{"className":40,"code":92250,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92252,92253],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92254,92255,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92256,4092],{"class":98},[47,92258,1476],{"class":80},[47,92260,136],{"class":98},[47,92262,1562],{"class":80},[47,92264,136],{"class":98},[47,92266,249],{"class":80},[47,92268,136],{"class":98},[47,92270,393],{"class":80},[47,92272,136],{"class":98},[47,92274,4800],{"class":80},[47,92276,3828],{"class":98},[20,92278,92279],{},"But the real output is:",[38,92281,92282],{"className":40,"code":53690,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92283,92284],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92285,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92287,4092],{"class":98},[47,92289,1476],{"class":80},[47,92291,136],{"class":98},[47,92293,1562],{"class":80},[47,92295,136],{"class":98},[47,92297,249],{"class":80},[47,92299,136],{"class":98},[47,92301,393],{"class":80},[47,92303,3828],{"class":98},[20,92305,92306],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[447,92308,4774,92310,92312,92313],{"id":92309},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92311,90774],{}," starts at ",[15,92314,1476],{},[20,92316,37660,92317,19160,92319,445],{},[15,92318,2321],{},[15,92320,1476],{},[38,92322,92323],{"className":40,"code":90967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92324,92325],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92326,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92328,95],{"class":94},[47,92330,99],{"class":98},[47,92332,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92334,99],{"class":98},[47,92336,60183],{"class":94},[47,92338,99],{"class":98},[47,92340,232],{"class":80},[47,92342,3106],{"class":98},[20,92344,144],{},[38,92346,92347],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92348,92349],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92350,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92352,4092],{"class":98},[47,92354,2321],{"class":80},[47,92356,136],{"class":98},[47,92358,1545],{"class":80},[47,92360,136],{"class":98},[47,92362,1562],{"class":80},[47,92364,136],{"class":98},[47,92366,249],{"class":80},[47,92368,136],{"class":98},[47,92370,393],{"class":80},[47,92372,3828],{"class":98},[447,92374,92376],{"id":92375},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92378,92379,92380,420],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92381,1408],{},[38,92383,92385],{"className":40,"code":92384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92386,92387,92406,92410,92427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92388,92389,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400,92402,92404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92390,92391],{"class":53},"user_number ",[47,92393,58],{"class":57},[47,92395,8436],{"class":94},[47,92397,99],{"class":98},[47,92399,128],{"class":61},[47,92401,42061],{"class":65},[47,92403,128],{"class":61},[47,92405,106],{"class":98},[47,92407,92408],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92409,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,92411,92412,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92425],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,92413,1462],{"class":1461},[47,92415,69733],{"class":53},[47,92417,1468],{"class":1461},[47,92419,1471],{"class":94},[47,92421,99],{"class":98},[47,92423,92424],{"class":102},"user_number",[47,92426,1483],{"class":98},[47,92428,92429,92431,92433,92435],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,92430,1499],{"class":94},[47,92432,99],{"class":98},[47,92434,36348],{"class":102},[47,92436,106],{"class":98},[20,92438,48697,92439,92441],{},[15,92440,1408],{}," returns a string.",[20,92443,1631],{},[38,92445,92447],{"className":40,"code":92446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92448,92449,92471,92475,92491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92450,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463,92465,92467,92469],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92452,92391],{"class":53},[47,92454,58],{"class":57},[47,92456,45467],{"class":1788},[47,92458,99],{"class":98},[47,92460,42652],{"class":94},[47,92462,99],{"class":98},[47,92464,128],{"class":61},[47,92466,42061],{"class":65},[47,92468,128],{"class":61},[47,92470,1796],{"class":98},[47,92472,92473],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92474,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,92476,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,92478,1462],{"class":1461},[47,92480,69733],{"class":53},[47,92482,1468],{"class":1461},[47,92484,1471],{"class":94},[47,92486,99],{"class":98},[47,92488,92424],{"class":102},[47,92490,1483],{"class":98},[47,92492,92493,92495,92497,92499],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,92494,1499],{"class":94},[47,92496,99],{"class":98},[47,92498,36348],{"class":102},[47,92500,106],{"class":98},[20,92502,92503,92504,445],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[594,92505,50710,92506],{"href":50709},[15,92507,50713],{},[447,92509,92511,92512,92514,92515],{"id":92510},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92513,36266],{}," smaller than ",[15,92516,75610],{},[20,92518,92519],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[38,92521,92522],{"className":40,"code":91449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92523,92524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92525,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548,92550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92527,95],{"class":94},[47,92529,99],{"class":98},[47,92531,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92533,99],{"class":98},[47,92535,60183],{"class":94},[47,92537,99],{"class":98},[47,92539,1476],{"class":80},[47,92541,136],{"class":98},[47,92543,4800],{"class":80},[47,92545,136],{"class":98},[47,92547,2422],{"class":57},[47,92549,1476],{"class":80},[47,92551,3106],{"class":98},[20,92553,144],{},[38,92555,92556],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92557,92558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92559,92560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92561,38489],{"class":98},[20,92563,92564],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[447,92566,25815,92568],{"id":92567},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92569,92570],{},"step = 0",[20,92572,77753],{},[38,92574,92576],{"className":40,"code":92575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92577,92578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588,92590,92592,92594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92581,60183],{"class":94},[47,92583,99],{"class":98},[47,92585,1476],{"class":80},[47,92587,136],{"class":98},[47,92589,373],{"class":80},[47,92591,136],{"class":98},[47,92593,4026],{"class":80},[47,92595,106],{"class":98},[20,92597,92598],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[447,92600,4900,92602,92604],{"id":92601},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92603,36392],{}," is not a list",[20,92606,92607],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[38,92609,92611],{"className":40,"code":92610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92612,92613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92614,92615,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92616,95],{"class":94},[47,92618,99],{"class":98},[47,92620,60183],{"class":94},[47,92622,99],{"class":98},[47,92624,232],{"class":80},[47,92626,1796],{"class":98},[20,92628,144],{},[38,92630,92632],{"className":40,"code":92631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92633,92634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92635,92636,92638,92640,92642,92644,92646],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92637,60183],{"class":94},[47,92639,99],{"class":98},[47,92641,2321],{"class":80},[47,92643,136],{"class":98},[47,92645,4800],{"class":80},[47,92647,106],{"class":98},[20,92649,92650],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[38,92652,92653],{"className":40,"code":90967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92654,92655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92656,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669,92671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92658,95],{"class":94},[47,92660,99],{"class":98},[47,92662,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92664,99],{"class":98},[47,92666,60183],{"class":94},[47,92668,99],{"class":98},[47,92670,232],{"class":80},[47,92672,3106],{"class":98},[20,92674,144],{},[38,92676,92677],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,92678,92679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92680,92681,92683,92685,92687,92689,92691,92693,92695,92697,92699,92701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92682,4092],{"class":98},[47,92684,2321],{"class":80},[47,92686,136],{"class":98},[47,92688,1545],{"class":80},[47,92690,136],{"class":98},[47,92692,1562],{"class":80},[47,92694,136],{"class":98},[47,92696,249],{"class":80},[47,92698,136],{"class":98},[47,92700,393],{"class":80},[47,92702,3828],{"class":98},[33,92704,92706],{"id":92705},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92708,1625,92709,82523],{},[15,92710,36392],{},[38,92712,92714],{"className":40,"code":92713,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92715,92716,92730,92748,92770,92798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,92717,92718,92720,92722,92724,92726,92728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,92719,95],{"class":94},[47,92721,99],{"class":98},[47,92723,60183],{"class":94},[47,92725,99],{"class":98},[47,92727,232],{"class":80},[47,92729,1796],{"class":98},[47,92731,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,92733,95],{"class":94},[47,92735,99],{"class":98},[47,92737,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92739,99],{"class":98},[47,92741,60183],{"class":94},[47,92743,99],{"class":98},[47,92745,232],{"class":80},[47,92747,3106],{"class":98},[47,92749,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,92751,95],{"class":94},[47,92753,99],{"class":98},[47,92755,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92757,99],{"class":98},[47,92759,60183],{"class":94},[47,92761,99],{"class":98},[47,92763,243],{"class":80},[47,92765,136],{"class":98},[47,92767,6553],{"class":80},[47,92769,3106],{"class":98},[47,92771,92772,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790,92792,92794,92796],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,92773,95],{"class":94},[47,92775,99],{"class":98},[47,92777,8288],{"class":1788},[47,92779,99],{"class":98},[47,92781,60183],{"class":94},[47,92783,99],{"class":98},[47,92785,582],{"class":80},[47,92787,136],{"class":98},[47,92789,4026],{"class":80},[47,92791,136],{"class":98},[47,92793,2422],{"class":57},[47,92795,243],{"class":80},[47,92797,3106],{"class":98},[47,92799,92800,92802,92804,92806,92808,92810,92812,92814],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,92801,95],{"class":94},[47,92803,99],{"class":98},[47,92805,1922],{"class":1788},[47,92807,99],{"class":98},[47,92809,60183],{"class":94},[47,92811,99],{"class":98},[47,92813,232],{"class":80},[47,92815,3106],{"class":98},[20,92817,26207],{},[187,92819,92820,92823,92826],{},[190,92821,92822],{},"what values are being created",[190,92824,92825],{},"whether the direction is correct",[190,92827,92828,92829,24815],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92830,60183],{},[33,92832,1969],{"id":1968},[447,92834,1973,92836,92838],{"id":92835},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92837,36392],{}," include the last number?",[20,92840,92841],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[447,92843,2002,92845,92847,92848,2009],{"id":92844},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92846,90774],{}," start at ",[15,92849,2321],{},[20,92851,92852,92853,445],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92854,2321],{},[447,92856,1989,92858,92860],{"id":92857},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92859,36392],{}," count backward?",[20,92862,92863,92864,445],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92865,92866],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[447,92868,15097,92870,26242],{"id":92869},"is-range-a-list",[15,92871,36392],{},[20,92873,26245,92874,92876,92877,24136],{},[15,92875,60183],{}," object. Use ",[15,92878,92879],{},"list(range(...))",[447,92881,2002,92883,48871],{"id":92882},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92884,92885],{},"range(input())",[20,92887,92888,3677,92890,445],{},[15,92889,1408],{},[15,92891,92892],{},"int(input())",[33,92894,2075],{"id":2074},[187,92896,92897,92901,92907,92913,92919],{},[190,92898,92899],{},[594,92900,36222],{"href":36221},[190,92902,92903],{},[594,92904,13,92905,2088],{"href":42547},[15,92906,42550],{},[190,92908,92909],{},[594,92910,13,92911,2088],{"href":91943},[15,92912,35944],{},[190,92914,92915],{},[594,92916,37711,92917,36803],{"href":36799},[15,92918,35944],{},[190,92920,92921],{},[594,92922,50710,92923],{"href":50709},[15,92924,50713],{},[2110,92926,92927],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":92929},[92930,92931,92933,92939,92947,92954,92956,92968,92969,92981],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":90783,"depth":72,"text":92932},"What range() does",{"id":90876,"depth":72,"text":92934,"children":92935},"range() syntax",[92936,92937,92938],{"id":90956,"depth":84,"text":90959},{"id":91020,"depth":84,"text":91023},{"id":91088,"depth":84,"text":91091},{"id":91159,"depth":72,"text":91160,"children":92940},[92941,92942,92943,92944,92945],{"id":91166,"depth":84,"text":90774},{"id":91229,"depth":84,"text":91232},{"id":91293,"depth":84,"text":91296},{"id":91369,"depth":84,"text":91370},{"id":76997,"depth":84,"text":92946},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91528,"depth":72,"text":92948,"children":92949},"Using range() in a for loop",[92950,92951,92952],{"id":91630,"depth":84,"text":91631},{"id":91675,"depth":84,"text":91676},{"id":91755,"depth":84,"text":92953},"range() and indexing",{"id":92030,"depth":72,"text":92955},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":92957},[92958,92959,92961,92962,92964,92966],{"id":92213,"depth":84,"text":92214},{"id":92309,"depth":84,"text":92960},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92375,"depth":84,"text":92376},{"id":92510,"depth":84,"text":92963},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92567,"depth":84,"text":92965},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92601,"depth":84,"text":92967},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92705,"depth":72,"text":92706},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":92970},[92971,92973,92975,92977,92979],{"id":92835,"depth":84,"text":92972},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92844,"depth":84,"text":92974},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92857,"depth":84,"text":92976},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92869,"depth":84,"text":92978},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92882,"depth":84,"text":92980},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90677,"description":92982},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92989,"title":92990,"body":92991,"description":94664,"extension":2167,"meta":94665,"navigation":87,"path":94666,"seo":94667,"stem":94668,"__hash__":94669},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92992,"toc":94637},[92993,93002,93009,93026,93042,93044,93093,93101,93105,93108,93128,93130,93194,93196,93239,93242,93288,93290,93323,93333,93339,93347,93364,93366,93397,93399,93424,93429,93440,93443,93513,93515,93546,93551,93556,93573,93575,93626,93628,93661,93664,93671,93676,93680,93696,93698,93742,93744,93790,93793,93806,93811,93815,93829,93831,93882,93884,93917,93922,93924,93931,93933,93956,93958,94023,94025,94042,94045,94078,94080,94108,94118,94125,94129,94132,94150,94153,94181,94184,94202,94207,94213,94216,94238,94240,94268,94270,94273,94298,94301,94414,94416,94495,94497,94503,94508,94516,94524,94528,94531,94533,94566,94568,94576,94582,94589,94596,94599,94601,94634],[10,92994,13,92996,10778,92998,93001],{"id":92995},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92997,36392],{},[15,92999,93000],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93003,93004,839,93006,93008],{},[15,93005,36392],{},[15,93007,93000],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[187,93010,93011,93019],{},[190,93012,93013,93015,93016],{},[15,93014,36392],{}," creates a ",[280,93017,93018],{},"range object",[190,93020,93021,93015,93023],{},[15,93022,93000],{},[280,93024,93025],{},"real list",[20,93027,93028,93029,93031,93032,93035,93036,93038,93039,93041],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93030,90774],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93033,93034],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93037,36392],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93040,93000],{}," when you actually need a list.",[33,93043,3800],{"id":3799},[38,93045,93047],{"className":40,"code":93046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93048,93049,93063,93076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93050,93051,93053,93055,93057,93059,93061],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93052,3810],{"class":53},[47,93054,58],{"class":57},[47,93056,1471],{"class":94},[47,93058,99],{"class":98},[47,93060,232],{"class":80},[47,93062,106],{"class":98},[47,93064,93065,93067,93069,93071,93073],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93066,95],{"class":94},[47,93068,99],{"class":98},[47,93070,195],{"class":102},[47,93072,3854],{"class":98},[47,93074,93075],{"class":3857},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[47,93077,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93079,95],{"class":94},[47,93081,99],{"class":98},[47,93083,8288],{"class":1788},[47,93085,99],{"class":98},[47,93087,195],{"class":102},[47,93089,5556],{"class":98},[47,93091,93092],{"class":3857},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93094,167,93095,93097,93098,93100],{},[15,93096,36392],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93099,93000],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[33,93102,93104],{"id":93103},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93106,93107],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[187,93109,93110,93117,93122,93125],{},[190,93111,93112,22172,93114,93116],{},[15,93113,36392],{},[280,93115,93018],{},", not a list",[190,93118,93119,93121],{},[15,93120,93000],{}," converts that range object into a list",[190,93123,93124],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[190,93126,93127],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93129,204],{},[38,93131,93133],{"className":40,"code":93132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93134,93135,93150,93169,93173,93183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93136,93137,93140,93142,93144,93146,93148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93138,93139],{"class":53},"r ",[47,93141,58],{"class":57},[47,93143,1471],{"class":94},[47,93145,99],{"class":98},[47,93147,232],{"class":80},[47,93149,106],{"class":98},[47,93151,93152,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93153,93154],{"class":53},"lst ",[47,93156,58],{"class":57},[47,93158,22757],{"class":1788},[47,93160,99],{"class":98},[47,93162,60183],{"class":94},[47,93164,99],{"class":98},[47,93166,232],{"class":80},[47,93168,1796],{"class":98},[47,93170,93171],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93172,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,93174,93175,93177,93179,93181],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,93176,95],{"class":94},[47,93178,99],{"class":98},[47,93180,60690],{"class":102},[47,93182,106],{"class":98},[47,93184,93185,93187,93189,93192],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93186,95],{"class":94},[47,93188,99],{"class":98},[47,93190,93191],{"class":102},"lst",[47,93193,106],{"class":98},[20,93195,144],{},[38,93197,93199],{"className":40,"code":93198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93200,93201,93215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93202,93203,93205,93207,93209,93211,93213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93204,60183],{"class":94},[47,93206,99],{"class":98},[47,93208,2321],{"class":80},[47,93210,136],{"class":98},[47,93212,4800],{"class":80},[47,93214,106],{"class":98},[47,93216,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231,93233,93235,93237],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93218,4092],{"class":98},[47,93220,2321],{"class":80},[47,93222,136],{"class":98},[47,93224,1545],{"class":80},[47,93226,136],{"class":98},[47,93228,1562],{"class":80},[47,93230,136],{"class":98},[47,93232,249],{"class":80},[47,93234,136],{"class":98},[47,93236,393],{"class":80},[47,93238,3828],{"class":98},[20,93240,93241],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[38,93243,93245],{"className":40,"code":93244,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93246,93247,93265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93248,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93250,95],{"class":94},[47,93252,99],{"class":98},[47,93254,1922],{"class":1788},[47,93256,99],{"class":98},[47,93258,60183],{"class":94},[47,93260,99],{"class":98},[47,93262,232],{"class":80},[47,93264,3106],{"class":98},[47,93266,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93268,95],{"class":94},[47,93270,99],{"class":98},[47,93272,1922],{"class":1788},[47,93274,99],{"class":98},[47,93276,8288],{"class":1788},[47,93278,99],{"class":98},[47,93280,60183],{"class":94},[47,93282,99],{"class":98},[47,93284,232],{"class":80},[47,93286,93287],{"class":98},"))))\n",[20,93289,144],{},[38,93291,93293],{"className":40,"code":93292,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93294,93295,93309],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93296,93297,93299,93301,93303,93305,93307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93298,3482],{"class":57},[47,93300,3485],{"class":2266},[47,93302,3488],{"class":61},[47,93304,60183],{"class":65},[47,93306,3493],{"class":61},[47,93308,3496],{"class":57},[47,93310,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93312,3482],{"class":57},[47,93314,3485],{"class":2266},[47,93316,3488],{"class":61},[47,93318,8288],{"class":65},[47,93320,3493],{"class":61},[47,93322,3496],{"class":57},[20,93324,93325,93326,93328,93329,445],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93327,36392],{}," works, see ",[594,93330,13,93331,2088],{"href":92984},[15,93332,36392],{},[33,93334,174,93336,93338],{"id":93335},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93337,36392],{}," gives you",[20,93340,93341,93343,93344,93346],{},[15,93342,36392],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93345,1462],{}," loops.",[187,93348,93349,93352,93355,93358],{},[190,93350,93351],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[190,93353,93354],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[190,93356,93357],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[190,93359,93360,93361],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93362,93363],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93365,204],{},[38,93367,93369],{"className":40,"code":93368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93370,93371,93387],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93372,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93374,1462],{"class":1461},[47,93376,69733],{"class":53},[47,93378,1468],{"class":1461},[47,93380,1471],{"class":94},[47,93382,99],{"class":98},[47,93384,232],{"class":80},[47,93386,1483],{"class":98},[47,93388,93389,93391,93393,93395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93390,1499],{"class":94},[47,93392,99],{"class":98},[47,93394,36348],{"class":102},[47,93396,106],{"class":98},[20,93398,144],{},[38,93400,93402],{"className":40,"code":93401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93403,93404,93408,93412,93416,93420],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93405,93406],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93407,47439],{"class":80},[47,93409,93410],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93411,47104],{"class":80},[47,93413,93414],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93415,17252],{"class":80},[47,93417,93418],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,93419,46804],{"class":80},[47,93421,93422],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93423,48837],{"class":80},[20,93425,20968,93426,93428],{},[15,93427,90774],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93430,93431,93432,93434,93435,445],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93433,36392],{}," is so common with ",[594,93436,13,93438,90805],{"href":93437},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93439,1462],{},[20,93441,93442],{},"You can also inspect it:",[38,93444,93446],{"className":40,"code":93445,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93447,93448,93470,93474,93484,93498],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93449,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93451,93139],{"class":53},[47,93453,58],{"class":57},[47,93455,1471],{"class":94},[47,93457,99],{"class":98},[47,93459,243],{"class":80},[47,93461,136],{"class":98},[47,93463,373],{"class":80},[47,93465,136],{"class":98},[47,93467,1562],{"class":80},[47,93469,106],{"class":98},[47,93471,93472],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93473,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,93475,93476,93478,93480,93482],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93477,95],{"class":94},[47,93479,99],{"class":98},[47,93481,60690],{"class":102},[47,93483,106],{"class":98},[47,93485,93486,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,93487,95],{"class":94},[47,93489,99],{"class":98},[47,93491,11355],{"class":94},[47,93493,99],{"class":98},[47,93495,60690],{"class":102},[47,93497,1796],{"class":98},[47,93499,93500,93502,93504,93506,93508,93511],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93501,95],{"class":94},[47,93503,99],{"class":98},[47,93505,80777],{"class":80},[47,93507,21371],{"class":1461},[47,93509,93510],{"class":102}," r",[47,93512,106],{"class":98},[20,93514,144],{},[38,93516,93518],{"className":40,"code":93517,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93519,93520,93538,93542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93521,93522,93524,93526,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93523,60183],{"class":94},[47,93525,99],{"class":98},[47,93527,243],{"class":80},[47,93529,136],{"class":98},[47,93531,373],{"class":80},[47,93533,136],{"class":98},[47,93535,1562],{"class":80},[47,93537,106],{"class":98},[47,93539,93540],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93541,48837],{"class":80},[47,93543,93544],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93545,4172],{"class":1334},[33,93547,174,93549,93338],{"id":93548},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93550,93000],{},[20,93552,93553,93555],{},[15,93554,93000],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[187,93557,93558,93561,93564,93567],{},[190,93559,93560],{},"It creates all values at once",[190,93562,93563],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[190,93565,93566],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[190,93568,93569,93570,93572],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93571,36392],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93574,204],{},[38,93576,93578],{"className":40,"code":93577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93579,93580,93598,93602,93612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93581,93582,93584,93586,93588,93590,93592,93594,93596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93583,3810],{"class":53},[47,93585,58],{"class":57},[47,93587,22757],{"class":1788},[47,93589,99],{"class":98},[47,93591,60183],{"class":94},[47,93593,99],{"class":98},[47,93595,232],{"class":80},[47,93597,1796],{"class":98},[47,93599,93600],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93601,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,93603,93604,93606,93608,93610],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93605,95],{"class":94},[47,93607,99],{"class":98},[47,93609,195],{"class":102},[47,93611,106],{"class":98},[47,93613,93614,93616,93618,93620,93622,93624],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,93615,95],{"class":94},[47,93617,99],{"class":98},[47,93619,195],{"class":102},[47,93621,4092],{"class":98},[47,93623,243],{"class":80},[47,93625,4080],{"class":98},[20,93627,144],{},[38,93629,93631],{"className":40,"code":93630,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93632,93633,93657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93634,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645,93647,93649,93651,93653,93655],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93636,4092],{"class":98},[47,93638,2321],{"class":80},[47,93640,136],{"class":98},[47,93642,1545],{"class":80},[47,93644,136],{"class":98},[47,93646,1562],{"class":80},[47,93648,136],{"class":98},[47,93650,249],{"class":80},[47,93652,136],{"class":98},[47,93654,393],{"class":80},[47,93656,3828],{"class":98},[47,93658,93659],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93660,17252],{"class":80},[20,93662,93663],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93665,93666,93667,445],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[594,93668,13,93669,2088],{"href":65033},[15,93670,24979],{},[33,93672,5158,93674],{"id":93673},"when-to-use-range",[15,93675,36392],{},[20,93677,167,93678,10794],{},[15,93679,36392],{},[187,93681,93682,93687,93690,93693],{},[190,93683,93684,93685,91534],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93686,1462],{},[190,93688,93689],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[190,93691,93692],{},"You are working with large sequences",[190,93694,93695],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93697,204],{},[38,93699,93701],{"className":40,"code":93700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93702,93703,93723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93704,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713,93715,93717,93719,93721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93706,1462],{"class":1461},[47,93708,69733],{"class":53},[47,93710,1468],{"class":1461},[47,93712,1471],{"class":94},[47,93714,99],{"class":98},[47,93716,1476],{"class":80},[47,93718,136],{"class":98},[47,93720,398],{"class":80},[47,93722,1483],{"class":98},[47,93724,93725,93727,93729,93731,93734,93736,93738,93740],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93726,1499],{"class":94},[47,93728,99],{"class":98},[47,93730,128],{"class":61},[47,93732,93733],{"class":65},"Count:",[47,93735,128],{"class":61},[47,93737,136],{"class":98},[47,93739,36323],{"class":102},[47,93741,106],{"class":98},[20,93743,144],{},[38,93745,93747],{"className":40,"code":93746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93748,93749,93758,93766,93774,93782],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93750,93751,93754,93756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93752,93753],{"class":53},"Count",[47,93755,420],{"class":98},[47,93757,1553],{"class":80},[47,93759,93760,93762,93764],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93761,93753],{"class":53},[47,93763,420],{"class":98},[47,93765,45778],{"class":80},[47,93767,93768,93770,93772],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93769,93753],{"class":53},[47,93771,420],{"class":98},[47,93773,1569],{"class":80},[47,93775,93776,93778,93780],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,93777,93753],{"class":53},[47,93779,420],{"class":98},[47,93781,23861],{"class":80},[47,93783,93784,93786,93788],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,93785,93753],{"class":53},[47,93787,420],{"class":98},[47,93789,35038],{"class":80},[20,93791,93792],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93794,93795,93796,93798,93799,62473,93801,445],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93797,35944],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93800,36793],{},[594,93802,36800,93804,36803],{"href":93803},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93805,35944],{},[33,93807,5158,93809],{"id":93808},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93810,93000],{},[20,93812,167,93813,10794],{},[15,93814,93000],{},[187,93816,93817,93820,93823,93826],{},[190,93818,93819],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[190,93821,93822],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[190,93824,93825],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[190,93827,93828],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93830,204],{},[38,93832,93834],{"className":40,"code":93833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93835,93836,93854,93868,93872],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93837,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846,93848,93850,93852],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93839,3810],{"class":53},[47,93841,58],{"class":57},[47,93843,22757],{"class":1788},[47,93845,99],{"class":98},[47,93847,60183],{"class":94},[47,93849,99],{"class":98},[47,93851,232],{"class":80},[47,93853,1796],{"class":98},[47,93855,93856,93858,93860,93862,93864,93866],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93857,195],{"class":53},[47,93859,445],{"class":98},[47,93861,13747],{"class":102},[47,93863,99],{"class":98},[47,93865,232],{"class":80},[47,93867,106],{"class":98},[47,93869,93870],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93871,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,93873,93874,93876,93878,93880],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,93875,95],{"class":94},[47,93877,99],{"class":98},[47,93879,195],{"class":102},[47,93881,106],{"class":98},[20,93883,144],{},[38,93885,93887],{"className":40,"code":93886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93888,93889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93890,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93892,4092],{"class":98},[47,93894,2321],{"class":80},[47,93896,136],{"class":98},[47,93898,1545],{"class":80},[47,93900,136],{"class":98},[47,93902,1562],{"class":80},[47,93904,136],{"class":98},[47,93906,249],{"class":80},[47,93908,136],{"class":98},[47,93910,393],{"class":80},[47,93912,136],{"class":98},[47,93914,4800],{"class":80},[47,93916,3828],{"class":98},[20,93918,6254,93919,93921],{},[15,93920,195],{}," is a list.",[33,93923,15791],{"id":15790},[20,93925,93926,93928,93929,445],{},[15,93927,36392],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[280,93930,37790],{},[20,93932,2308],{},[187,93934,93935,93937,93942,93947,93950],{},[190,93936,22182],{},[190,93938,93939,93940],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93941,42550],{},[190,93943,93944,93945],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93946,1468],{},[190,93948,93949],{},"You can index it",[190,93951,93952,93953,93955],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93954,52838],{}," do not work on it",[20,93957,204],{},[38,93959,93961],{"className":40,"code":93960,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93962,93963,93977,93981,93995,94009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,93964,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,93966,93139],{"class":53},[47,93968,58],{"class":57},[47,93970,1471],{"class":94},[47,93972,99],{"class":98},[47,93974,232],{"class":80},[47,93976,106],{"class":98},[47,93978,93979],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,93980,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,93982,93983,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,93984,95],{"class":94},[47,93986,99],{"class":98},[47,93988,60690],{"class":102},[47,93990,4092],{"class":98},[47,93992,243],{"class":80},[47,93994,4080],{"class":98},[47,93996,93997,93999,94001,94003,94005,94007],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,93998,95],{"class":94},[47,94000,99],{"class":98},[47,94002,11355],{"class":94},[47,94004,99],{"class":98},[47,94006,60690],{"class":102},[47,94008,1796],{"class":98},[47,94010,94011,94013,94015,94017,94019,94021],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,94012,95],{"class":94},[47,94014,99],{"class":98},[47,94016,2263],{"class":80},[47,94018,21371],{"class":1461},[47,94020,93510],{"class":102},[47,94022,106],{"class":98},[20,94024,144],{},[38,94026,94028],{"className":40,"code":94027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94029,94030,94034,94038],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94031,94032],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94033,17252],{"class":80},[47,94035,94036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94037,268],{"class":80},[47,94039,94040],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,94041,4172],{"class":1334},[20,94043,94044],{},"Now compare that with this:",[38,94046,94048],{"className":40,"code":94047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94049,94050,94064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94051,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94053,93139],{"class":53},[47,94055,58],{"class":57},[47,94057,1471],{"class":94},[47,94059,99],{"class":98},[47,94061,232],{"class":80},[47,94063,106],{"class":98},[47,94065,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94067,60690],{"class":53},[47,94069,445],{"class":98},[47,94071,13747],{"class":102},[47,94073,99],{"class":98},[47,94075,232],{"class":80},[47,94077,106],{"class":98},[20,94079,144],{},[38,94081,94083],{"className":40,"code":94082,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94084,94085],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94086,94087,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099,94102,94104,94106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94088,25870],{"class":1788},[47,94090,420],{"class":98},[47,94092,3488],{"class":61},[47,94094,60183],{"class":65},[47,94096,3493],{"class":61},[47,94098,24815],{"class":1788},[47,94100,94101],{"class":53}," has no attribute ",[47,94103,3493],{"class":61},[47,94105,13747],{"class":65},[47,94107,29898],{"class":61},[20,94109,94110,94111,2390,94113,2394,94115,94117],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94112,52838],{},[15,94114,55713],{},[15,94116,64497],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94119,94120,94121,445],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[594,94122,25878,94123],{"href":35614},[15,94124,34453],{},[33,94126,94128],{"id":94127},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94130,94131],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[38,94133,94134],{"className":40,"code":92610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94135,94136],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94137,94138,94140,94142,94144,94146,94148],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94139,95],{"class":94},[47,94141,99],{"class":98},[47,94143,60183],{"class":94},[47,94145,99],{"class":98},[47,94147,232],{"class":80},[47,94149,1796],{"class":98},[20,94151,94152],{},"to show:",[38,94154,94155],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94156,94157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94158,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94160,4092],{"class":98},[47,94162,2321],{"class":80},[47,94164,136],{"class":98},[47,94166,1545],{"class":80},[47,94168,136],{"class":98},[47,94170,1562],{"class":80},[47,94172,136],{"class":98},[47,94174,249],{"class":80},[47,94176,136],{"class":98},[47,94178,393],{"class":80},[47,94180,3828],{"class":98},[20,94182,94183],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[38,94185,94186],{"className":40,"code":92631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94187,94188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94189,94190,94192,94194,94196,94198,94200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94191,60183],{"class":94},[47,94193,99],{"class":98},[47,94195,2321],{"class":80},[47,94197,136],{"class":98},[47,94199,4800],{"class":80},[47,94201,106],{"class":98},[20,94203,4823,94204,94206],{},[280,94205,4826],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94208,94209,94210,94212],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[280,94211,93018],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94214,94215],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[38,94217,94218],{"className":40,"code":90967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94219,94220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94221,94222,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94223,95],{"class":94},[47,94225,99],{"class":98},[47,94227,8288],{"class":1788},[47,94229,99],{"class":98},[47,94231,60183],{"class":94},[47,94233,99],{"class":98},[47,94235,232],{"class":80},[47,94237,3106],{"class":98},[20,94239,144],{},[38,94241,94242],{"className":40,"code":60206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94243,94244],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94247,4092],{"class":98},[47,94249,2321],{"class":80},[47,94251,136],{"class":98},[47,94253,1545],{"class":80},[47,94255,136],{"class":98},[47,94257,1562],{"class":80},[47,94259,136],{"class":98},[47,94261,249],{"class":80},[47,94263,136],{"class":98},[47,94265,393],{"class":80},[47,94267,3828],{"class":98},[33,94269,1595],{"id":1594},[20,94271,94272],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[187,94274,94275,94281,94284,94290],{},[190,94276,1654,94277,94280],{},[15,94278,94279],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[190,94282,94283],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[190,94285,94286,94287,94289],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94288,36392],{}," is iterable but not a list",[190,94291,1654,94292,94294,94295,94297],{},[15,94293,93000],{}," when plain ",[15,94296,36392],{}," would be simpler",[20,94299,94300],{},"These quick checks can help:",[38,94302,94304],{"className":40,"code":94303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94305,94306,94320,94338,94356,94378,94396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94307,94308,94310,94312,94314,94316,94318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94309,95],{"class":94},[47,94311,99],{"class":98},[47,94313,60183],{"class":94},[47,94315,99],{"class":98},[47,94317,232],{"class":80},[47,94319,1796],{"class":98},[47,94321,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330,94332,94334,94336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94323,95],{"class":94},[47,94325,99],{"class":98},[47,94327,8288],{"class":1788},[47,94329,99],{"class":98},[47,94331,60183],{"class":94},[47,94333,99],{"class":98},[47,94335,232],{"class":80},[47,94337,3106],{"class":98},[47,94339,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,94341,95],{"class":94},[47,94343,99],{"class":98},[47,94345,1922],{"class":1788},[47,94347,99],{"class":98},[47,94349,60183],{"class":94},[47,94351,99],{"class":98},[47,94353,232],{"class":80},[47,94355,3106],{"class":98},[47,94357,94358,94360,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374,94376],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,94359,95],{"class":94},[47,94361,99],{"class":98},[47,94363,1922],{"class":1788},[47,94365,99],{"class":98},[47,94367,8288],{"class":1788},[47,94369,99],{"class":98},[47,94371,60183],{"class":94},[47,94373,99],{"class":98},[47,94375,232],{"class":80},[47,94377,93287],{"class":98},[47,94379,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392,94394],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,94381,95],{"class":94},[47,94383,99],{"class":98},[47,94385,2263],{"class":80},[47,94387,21371],{"class":1461},[47,94389,1471],{"class":94},[47,94391,99],{"class":98},[47,94393,232],{"class":80},[47,94395,1796],{"class":98},[47,94397,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,94399,95],{"class":94},[47,94401,99],{"class":98},[47,94403,11355],{"class":94},[47,94405,99],{"class":98},[47,94407,60183],{"class":94},[47,94409,99],{"class":98},[47,94411,232],{"class":80},[47,94413,3106],{"class":98},[20,94415,144],{},[38,94417,94419],{"className":40,"code":94418,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94420,94421,94435,94459,94473,94487,94491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94422,94423,94425,94427,94429,94431,94433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94424,60183],{"class":94},[47,94426,99],{"class":98},[47,94428,2321],{"class":80},[47,94430,136],{"class":98},[47,94432,4800],{"class":80},[47,94434,106],{"class":98},[47,94436,94437,94439,94441,94443,94445,94447,94449,94451,94453,94455,94457],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94438,4092],{"class":98},[47,94440,2321],{"class":80},[47,94442,136],{"class":98},[47,94444,1545],{"class":80},[47,94446,136],{"class":98},[47,94448,1562],{"class":80},[47,94450,136],{"class":98},[47,94452,249],{"class":80},[47,94454,136],{"class":98},[47,94456,393],{"class":80},[47,94458,3828],{"class":98},[47,94460,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,94462,3482],{"class":57},[47,94464,3485],{"class":2266},[47,94466,3488],{"class":61},[47,94468,60183],{"class":65},[47,94470,3493],{"class":61},[47,94472,3496],{"class":57},[47,94474,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,94476,3482],{"class":57},[47,94478,3485],{"class":2266},[47,94480,3488],{"class":61},[47,94482,8288],{"class":65},[47,94484,3493],{"class":61},[47,94486,3496],{"class":57},[47,94488,94489],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,94490,4172],{"class":1334},[47,94492,94493],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,94494,268],{"class":80},[33,94496,1969],{"id":1968},[447,94498,15097,94500,94502],{"id":94499},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94501,36392],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94504,46553,94505,94507],{},[15,94506,36392],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[447,94509,94511,94512,11285,94514,2009],{"id":94510},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94513,36392],{},[15,94515,93000],{},[20,94517,94518,94520,94521,94523],{},[15,94519,36392],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94522,93000],{}," creates a full list.",[447,94525,94527],{"id":94526},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94529,94530],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94532,204],{},[38,94534,94536],{"className":40,"code":94535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94537,94538,94552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94541,93139],{"class":53},[47,94543,58],{"class":57},[47,94545,1471],{"class":94},[47,94547,99],{"class":98},[47,94549,232],{"class":80},[47,94551,106],{"class":98},[47,94553,94554,94556,94558,94560,94562,94564],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94555,95],{"class":94},[47,94557,99],{"class":98},[47,94559,60690],{"class":102},[47,94561,4092],{"class":98},[47,94563,1476],{"class":80},[47,94565,4080],{"class":98},[20,94567,144],{},[38,94569,94570],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,94571,94572],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94573,94574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94575,47104],{"class":80},[447,94577,2002,94579,94581],{"id":94578},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94580,94279],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94583,94584,94585,94588],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94586,94587],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[447,94590,94592,94593,94595],{"id":94591},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94594,36392],{}," to a list?",[20,94597,94598],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[33,94600,2075],{"id":2074},[187,94602,94603,94609,94615,94622,94628],{},[190,94604,94605],{},[594,94606,13,94607,2088],{"href":92984},[15,94608,36392],{},[190,94610,94611],{},[594,94612,13,94613,2088],{"href":65033},[15,94614,24979],{},[190,94616,94617],{},[594,94618,13,94619,94621],{"href":93437},[15,94620,1462],{}," loops explained",[190,94623,94624],{},[594,94625,37711,94626,36803],{"href":93803},[15,94627,35944],{},[190,94629,94630],{},[594,94631,26321,94632],{"href":35614},[15,94633,34453],{},[2110,94635,94636],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":94638},[94639,94640,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94650,94651,94652,94663],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":93103,"depth":72,"text":93104},{"id":93335,"depth":72,"text":94642},"What range() gives you",{"id":93548,"depth":72,"text":94644},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93673,"depth":72,"text":94646},"When to use range()",{"id":93808,"depth":72,"text":94648},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15790,"depth":72,"text":15791},{"id":94127,"depth":72,"text":94128},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":94653},[94654,94656,94658,94659,94661],{"id":94499,"depth":84,"text":94655},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94510,"depth":84,"text":94657},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94526,"depth":84,"text":94527},{"id":94578,"depth":84,"text":94660},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94591,"depth":84,"text":94662},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92990,"description":94664},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94671,"title":94672,"body":94673,"description":96109,"extension":2167,"meta":96110,"navigation":87,"path":96111,"seo":96112,"stem":96113,"__hash__":96114},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94674,"toc":96075},[94675,94681,94686,94689,94703,94706,94708,94747,94749,94762,94770,94775,94791,94794,94796,94798,94819,94836,94839,94898,94900,94919,94924,94930,94933,94967,94969,94982,94985,95030,95032,95055,95062,95068,95071,95112,95114,95128,95131,95189,95191,95206,95219,95225,95231,95296,95298,95317,95319,95337,95340,95344,95350,95352,95385,95387,95400,95410,95413,95474,95476,95497,95500,95502,95518,95523,95527,95532,95537,95593,95595,95613,95616,95661,95663,95671,95676,95680,95694,95696,95728,95730,95739,95741,95745,95754,95757,95789,95791,95803,95806,95810,95815,95856,95858,95866,95869,95892,95896,95898,95907,95910,95963,95965,95974,95978,95983,95994,95996,96005,96008,96014,96017,96023,96033,96041,96048,96050,96072],[10,94676,13,94678,18],{"id":94677},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94679,94680],{},"round()",[20,94682,9316,94683,94685],{},[15,94684,94680],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94687,94688],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[187,94690,94691,94697],{},[190,94692,94693,94696],{},[15,94694,94695],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[190,94698,94699,94702],{},[15,94700,94701],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94704,94705],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[33,94707,36],{"id":35},[38,94709,94711],{"className":40,"code":94710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94712,94713,94729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94714,94715,94717,94719,94722,94724,94727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94716,95],{"class":94},[47,94718,99],{"class":98},[47,94720,94721],{"class":94},"round",[47,94723,99],{"class":98},[47,94725,94726],{"class":80},"3.14159",[47,94728,1796],{"class":98},[47,94730,94731,94733,94735,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94732,95],{"class":94},[47,94734,99],{"class":98},[47,94736,94721],{"class":94},[47,94738,99],{"class":98},[47,94740,94726],{"class":80},[47,94742,136],{"class":98},[47,94744,1562],{"class":80},[47,94746,1796],{"class":98},[20,94748,144],{},[38,94750,94752],{"className":40,"code":94751,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94753,94754,94758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94755,94756],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94757,46804],{"class":80},[47,94759,94760],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94761,40367],{"class":80},[20,94763,167,94764,94766,94767,94769],{},[15,94765,94695],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94768,94701],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[33,94771,174,94773,177],{"id":94772},"what-round-does",[15,94774,94680],{},[187,94776,94777,94782,94785,94788],{},[190,94778,94779,94781],{},[15,94780,94680],{}," is a built-in Python function",[190,94783,94784],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[190,94786,94787],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[190,94789,94790],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94792,94793],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[33,94795,290],{"id":289},[20,94797,2360],{},[38,94799,94801],{"className":40,"code":94800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94802,94803],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94804,94805,94807,94809,94811,94814,94817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94806,94721],{"class":94},[47,94808,99],{"class":98},[47,94810,2438],{"class":102},[47,94812,94813],{"class":98},"[,",[47,94815,94816],{"class":102}," ndigits",[47,94818,4080],{"class":98},[187,94820,94821,94826,94831],{},[190,94822,94823,94825],{},[15,94824,2438],{}," is the value to round",[190,94827,94828,20236],{},[15,94829,94830],{},"ndigits",[190,94832,94833,94835],{},[15,94834,94830],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94837,94838],{},"Basic examples:",[38,94840,94842],{"className":40,"code":94841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94843,94844,94859,94877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94845,94846,94848,94850,94852,94854,94857],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94847,95],{"class":94},[47,94849,99],{"class":98},[47,94851,94721],{"class":94},[47,94853,99],{"class":98},[47,94855,94856],{"class":80},"7.8",[47,94858,1796],{"class":98},[47,94860,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869,94871,94873,94875],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94862,95],{"class":94},[47,94864,99],{"class":98},[47,94866,94721],{"class":94},[47,94868,99],{"class":98},[47,94870,94856],{"class":80},[47,94872,136],{"class":98},[47,94874,1545],{"class":80},[47,94876,1796],{"class":98},[47,94878,94879,94881,94883,94885,94887,94890,94892,94894,94896],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,94880,95],{"class":94},[47,94882,99],{"class":98},[47,94884,94721],{"class":94},[47,94886,99],{"class":98},[47,94888,94889],{"class":80},"1234",[47,94891,136],{"class":98},[47,94893,2422],{"class":57},[47,94895,243],{"class":80},[47,94897,1796],{"class":98},[20,94899,144],{},[38,94901,94903],{"className":40,"code":94902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94904,94905,94909,94914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94906,94907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94908,2579],{"class":80},[47,94910,94911],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94912,94913],{"class":80},"7.8\n",[47,94915,94916],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,94917,94918],{"class":80},"1200\n",[20,94920,94921,94922,445],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[594,94923,2617],{"href":2616},[33,94925,1654,94927,94929],{"id":94926},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94928,94680],{}," with one argument",[20,94931,94932],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[38,94934,94936],{"className":40,"code":94935,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94937,94938,94952],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94939,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94941,95],{"class":94},[47,94943,99],{"class":98},[47,94945,94721],{"class":94},[47,94947,99],{"class":98},[47,94949,2560],{"class":80},[47,94951,1796],{"class":98},[47,94953,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94965],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94955,95],{"class":94},[47,94957,99],{"class":98},[47,94959,94721],{"class":94},[47,94961,99],{"class":98},[47,94963,94964],{"class":80},"4.8",[47,94966,1796],{"class":98},[20,94968,144],{},[38,94970,94972],{"className":40,"code":94971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4\n5\n",[15,94973,94974,94978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94975,94976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94977,48837],{"class":80},[47,94979,94980],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,94981,268],{"class":80},[20,94983,94984],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[38,94986,94988],{"className":40,"code":94987,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94989,94990,95006,95016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,94991,94992,94994,94996,94999,95001,95004],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,94993,1290],{"class":53},[47,94995,58],{"class":57},[47,94997,94998],{"class":94}," round",[47,95000,99],{"class":98},[47,95002,95003],{"class":80},"10.2",[47,95005,106],{"class":98},[47,95007,95008,95010,95012,95014],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95009,95],{"class":94},[47,95011,99],{"class":98},[47,95013,1315],{"class":102},[47,95015,106],{"class":98},[47,95017,95018,95020,95022,95024,95026,95028],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95019,95],{"class":94},[47,95021,99],{"class":98},[47,95023,1922],{"class":1788},[47,95025,99],{"class":98},[47,95027,1315],{"class":102},[47,95029,1796],{"class":98},[20,95031,144],{},[38,95033,95035],{"className":40,"code":95034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95036,95037,95041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95038,95039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95040,2574],{"class":80},[47,95042,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95044,3482],{"class":57},[47,95046,3485],{"class":2266},[47,95048,3488],{"class":61},[47,95050,2389],{"class":65},[47,95052,3493],{"class":61},[47,95054,3496],{"class":57},[20,95056,95057,95058,445],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[594,95059,13,95060,2088],{"href":3068},[15,95061,3071],{},[33,95063,1654,95065,95067],{"id":95064},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95066,94680],{}," with decimal places",[20,95069,95070],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[38,95072,95074],{"className":40,"code":95073,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95075,95076,95094],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95077,95078,95080,95082,95084,95086,95088,95090,95092],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95079,95],{"class":94},[47,95081,99],{"class":98},[47,95083,94721],{"class":94},[47,95085,99],{"class":98},[47,95087,94726],{"class":80},[47,95089,136],{"class":98},[47,95091,1562],{"class":80},[47,95093,1796],{"class":98},[47,95095,95096,95098,95100,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95097,95],{"class":94},[47,95099,99],{"class":98},[47,95101,94721],{"class":94},[47,95103,99],{"class":98},[47,95105,94726],{"class":80},[47,95107,136],{"class":98},[47,95109,249],{"class":80},[47,95111,1796],{"class":98},[20,95113,144],{},[38,95115,95117],{"className":40,"code":95116,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95118,95119,95123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95120,95121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95122,40367],{"class":80},[47,95124,95125],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95126,95127],{"class":80},"3.142\n",[20,95129,95130],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[38,95132,95134],{"className":40,"code":95133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95135,95136,95145,95164,95168,95178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95137,95138,95140,95142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95139,40577],{"class":53},[47,95141,58],{"class":57},[47,95143,95144],{"class":80}," 19.9876\n",[47,95146,95147,95150,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160,95162],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95148,95149],{"class":53},"rounded_price ",[47,95151,58],{"class":57},[47,95153,94998],{"class":94},[47,95155,99],{"class":98},[47,95157,25348],{"class":102},[47,95159,136],{"class":98},[47,95161,1562],{"class":80},[47,95163,106],{"class":98},[47,95165,95166],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95167,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,95169,95170,95172,95174,95176],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,95171,95],{"class":94},[47,95173,99],{"class":98},[47,95175,25348],{"class":102},[47,95177,106],{"class":98},[47,95179,95180,95182,95184,95187],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,95181,95],{"class":94},[47,95183,99],{"class":98},[47,95185,95186],{"class":102},"rounded_price",[47,95188,106],{"class":98},[20,95190,144],{},[38,95192,95194],{"className":40,"code":95193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95195,95196,95201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95197,95198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95199,95200],{"class":80},"19.9876\n",[47,95202,95203],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95204,95205],{"class":80},"19.99\n",[20,95207,95208,95209,95212,95213,3072,95215,445],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95210,95211],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[594,95214,41082],{"href":41081},[594,95216,13,95217,2088],{"href":3075},[15,95218,3078],{},[33,95220,95222,95223],{"id":95221},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95224,94830],{},[20,95226,95227,95228,95230],{},"A negative ",[15,95229,94830],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[38,95232,95234],{"className":40,"code":95233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95235,95236,95256,95276],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95237,95238,95240,95242,95244,95246,95248,95250,95252,95254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95239,95],{"class":94},[47,95241,99],{"class":98},[47,95243,94721],{"class":94},[47,95245,99],{"class":98},[47,95247,94889],{"class":80},[47,95249,136],{"class":98},[47,95251,2422],{"class":57},[47,95253,1476],{"class":80},[47,95255,1796],{"class":98},[47,95257,95258,95260,95262,95264,95266,95268,95270,95272,95274],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95259,95],{"class":94},[47,95261,99],{"class":98},[47,95263,94721],{"class":94},[47,95265,99],{"class":98},[47,95267,94889],{"class":80},[47,95269,136],{"class":98},[47,95271,2422],{"class":57},[47,95273,243],{"class":80},[47,95275,1796],{"class":98},[47,95277,95278,95280,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290,95292,95294],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95279,95],{"class":94},[47,95281,99],{"class":98},[47,95283,94721],{"class":94},[47,95285,99],{"class":98},[47,95287,94889],{"class":80},[47,95289,136],{"class":98},[47,95291,2422],{"class":57},[47,95293,2263],{"class":80},[47,95295,1796],{"class":98},[20,95297,144],{},[38,95299,95301],{"className":40,"code":95300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95302,95303,95308,95312],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95304,95305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95306,95307],{"class":80},"1230\n",[47,95309,95310],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95311,94918],{"class":80},[47,95313,95314],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95315,95316],{"class":80},"1000\n",[20,95318,65769],{},[187,95320,95321,95326,95332],{},[190,95322,95323,95325],{},[15,95324,66039],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[190,95327,95328,95331],{},[15,95329,95330],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[190,95333,95334,95336],{},[15,95335,47858],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95338,95339],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[33,95341,95343],{"id":95342},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95345,95346,95347,445],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95348,95349],{},".5",[20,95351,5667],{},[38,95353,95355],{"className":40,"code":95354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95356,95357,95371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95358,95359,95361,95363,95365,95367,95369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95360,95],{"class":94},[47,95362,99],{"class":98},[47,95364,94721],{"class":94},[47,95366,99],{"class":98},[47,95368,41349],{"class":80},[47,95370,1796],{"class":98},[47,95372,95373,95375,95377,95379,95381,95383],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95374,95],{"class":94},[47,95376,99],{"class":98},[47,95378,94721],{"class":94},[47,95380,99],{"class":98},[47,95382,2242],{"class":80},[47,95384,1796],{"class":98},[20,95386,144],{},[38,95388,95390],{"className":40,"code":95389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n4\n",[15,95391,95392,95396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95393,95394],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95395,17252],{"class":80},[47,95397,95398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95399,48837],{"class":80},[20,95401,95402,95403,95406,95407,95409],{},"Python uses ",[280,95404,95405],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95408,95349],{}," situations.",[20,95411,95412],{},"More examples:",[38,95414,95416],{"className":40,"code":95415,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95417,95418,95432,95446,95460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95419,95420,95422,95424,95426,95428,95430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95421,95],{"class":94},[47,95423,99],{"class":98},[47,95425,94721],{"class":94},[47,95427,99],{"class":98},[47,95429,41362],{"class":80},[47,95431,1796],{"class":98},[47,95433,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95435,95],{"class":94},[47,95437,99],{"class":98},[47,95439,94721],{"class":94},[47,95441,99],{"class":98},[47,95443,41349],{"class":80},[47,95445,1796],{"class":98},[47,95447,95448,95450,95452,95454,95456,95458],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95449,95],{"class":94},[47,95451,99],{"class":98},[47,95453,94721],{"class":94},[47,95455,99],{"class":98},[47,95457,2242],{"class":80},[47,95459,1796],{"class":98},[47,95461,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470,95472],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,95463,95],{"class":94},[47,95465,99],{"class":98},[47,95467,94721],{"class":94},[47,95469,99],{"class":98},[47,95471,41314],{"class":80},[47,95473,1796],{"class":98},[20,95475,144],{},[38,95477,95479],{"className":40,"code":95478,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95480,95481,95485,95489,95493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95482,95483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95484,17252],{"class":80},[47,95486,95487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95488,17252],{"class":80},[47,95490,95491],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95492,48837],{"class":80},[47,95494,95495],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,95496,48837],{"class":80},[20,95498,95499],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95501,10906],{},[187,95503,95504,95511],{},[190,95505,95506,2335,95509],{},[15,95507,95508],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95510,243],{},[190,95512,95513,2335,95516],{},[15,95514,95515],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95517,2700],{},[20,95519,3361,95520,95522],{},[15,95521,95349],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[33,95524,95526],{"id":95525},"return-values","Return values",[20,95528,95529,95531],{},[15,95530,94680],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95533,41096,95534,95536],{},[280,95535,4826],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[38,95538,95540],{"className":40,"code":95539,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95541,95542,95551,95555,95565,95583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95543,95544,95546,95548],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95545,2644],{"class":53},[47,95547,58],{"class":57},[47,95549,95550],{"class":80}," 3.14159\n",[47,95552,95553],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95554,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,95556,95557,95559,95561,95563],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95558,95],{"class":94},[47,95560,99],{"class":98},[47,95562,2668],{"class":102},[47,95564,106],{"class":98},[47,95566,95567,95569,95571,95573,95575,95577,95579,95581],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,95568,95],{"class":94},[47,95570,99],{"class":98},[47,95572,94721],{"class":94},[47,95574,99],{"class":98},[47,95576,2668],{"class":102},[47,95578,136],{"class":98},[47,95580,1562],{"class":80},[47,95582,1796],{"class":98},[47,95584,95585,95587,95589,95591],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,95586,95],{"class":94},[47,95588,99],{"class":98},[47,95590,2668],{"class":102},[47,95592,106],{"class":98},[20,95594,144],{},[38,95596,95598],{"className":40,"code":95597,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95599,95600,95605,95609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95601,95602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95603,95604],{"class":80},"3.14159\n",[47,95606,95607],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95608,40367],{"class":80},[47,95610,95611],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95612,95604],{"class":80},[20,95614,95615],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[38,95617,95619],{"className":40,"code":95618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95620,95621,95629,95647,95651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95622,95623,95625,95627],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95624,2644],{"class":53},[47,95626,58],{"class":57},[47,95628,95550],{"class":80},[47,95630,95631,95633,95635,95637,95639,95641,95643,95645],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95632,2644],{"class":53},[47,95634,58],{"class":57},[47,95636,94998],{"class":94},[47,95638,99],{"class":98},[47,95640,2668],{"class":102},[47,95642,136],{"class":98},[47,95644,1562],{"class":80},[47,95646,106],{"class":98},[47,95648,95649],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95650,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,95652,95653,95655,95657,95659],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,95654,95],{"class":94},[47,95656,99],{"class":98},[47,95658,2668],{"class":102},[47,95660,106],{"class":98},[20,95662,144],{},[38,95664,95665],{"className":40,"code":40367,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95666,95667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95668,95669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95670,40367],{"class":80},[33,95672,5158,95674],{"id":95673},"when-to-use-round",[15,95675,94680],{},[20,95677,167,95678,6511],{},[15,95679,94680],{},[187,95681,95682,95685,95688,95691],{},[190,95683,95684],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[190,95686,95687],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[190,95689,95690],{},"Round values before reporting results",[190,95692,95693],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95695,5667],{},[38,95697,95699],{"className":40,"code":95698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95700,95701,95710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95702,95703,95705,95707],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95704,2790],{"class":53},[47,95706,58],{"class":57},[47,95708,95709],{"class":80}," 12.67891\n",[47,95711,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720,95722,95724,95726],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95713,95],{"class":94},[47,95715,99],{"class":98},[47,95717,94721],{"class":94},[47,95719,99],{"class":98},[47,95721,2813],{"class":102},[47,95723,136],{"class":98},[47,95725,1562],{"class":80},[47,95727,1796],{"class":98},[20,95729,144],{},[38,95731,95733],{"className":40,"code":95732,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"12.68\n",[15,95734,95735],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95736,95737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95738,95732],{"class":80},[33,95740,1595],{"id":1594},[20,95742,23292,95743,445],{},[15,95744,94680],{},[447,95746,1807,95748,95750,95751,95753],{"id":95747},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95749,94680],{}," to always round ",[15,95752,95349],{}," upward",[20,95755,95756],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[38,95758,95759],{"className":40,"code":95354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95760,95761,95775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95762,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95764,95],{"class":94},[47,95766,99],{"class":98},[47,95768,94721],{"class":94},[47,95770,99],{"class":98},[47,95772,41349],{"class":80},[47,95774,1796],{"class":98},[47,95776,95777,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95778,95],{"class":94},[47,95780,99],{"class":98},[47,95782,94721],{"class":94},[47,95784,99],{"class":98},[47,95786,2242],{"class":80},[47,95788,1796],{"class":98},[20,95790,144],{},[38,95792,95793],{"className":40,"code":95389,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95794,95795,95799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95796,95797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95798,17252],{"class":80},[47,95800,95801],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95802,48837],{"class":80},[20,95804,95805],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[447,95807,95809],{"id":95808},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95811,95812,95814],{},[15,95813,94680],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[38,95816,95818],{"className":40,"code":95817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95819,95820,95828,95842,95846],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95821,95822,95824,95826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95823,2644],{"class":53},[47,95825,58],{"class":57},[47,95827,95550],{"class":80},[47,95829,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838,95840],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95831,94721],{"class":94},[47,95833,99],{"class":98},[47,95835,2668],{"class":102},[47,95837,136],{"class":98},[47,95839,1562],{"class":80},[47,95841,106],{"class":98},[47,95843,95844],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95845,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,95847,95848,95850,95852,95854],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,95849,95],{"class":94},[47,95851,99],{"class":98},[47,95853,2668],{"class":102},[47,95855,106],{"class":98},[20,95857,144],{},[38,95859,95860],{"className":40,"code":95604,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,95861,95862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95863,95864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95865,95604],{"class":80},[20,95867,95868],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[38,95870,95872],{"className":40,"code":95871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95873,95874],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95875,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884,95886,95888,95890],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95877,2644],{"class":53},[47,95879,58],{"class":57},[47,95881,94998],{"class":94},[47,95883,99],{"class":98},[47,95885,2668],{"class":102},[47,95887,136],{"class":98},[47,95889,1562],{"class":80},[47,95891,106],{"class":98},[447,95893,95895],{"id":95894},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95897,16596],{},[38,95899,95901],{"className":40,"code":95900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95902,95903],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95904,95905],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95906,95900],{"class":3857},[20,95908,95909],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[38,95911,95913],{"className":40,"code":95912,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95914,95915,95927,95941,95945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95916,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95918,34884],{"class":53},[47,95920,58],{"class":57},[47,95922,62],{"class":61},[47,95924,518],{"class":65},[47,95926,69],{"class":61},[47,95928,95929,95931,95933,95935,95937,95939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,95930,2417],{"class":53},[47,95932,58],{"class":57},[47,95934,40445],{"class":1788},[47,95936,99],{"class":98},[47,95938,192],{"class":102},[47,95940,106],{"class":98},[47,95942,95943],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,95944,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,95946,95947,95949,95951,95953,95955,95957,95959,95961],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,95948,95],{"class":94},[47,95950,99],{"class":98},[47,95952,94721],{"class":94},[47,95954,99],{"class":98},[47,95956,2438],{"class":102},[47,95958,136],{"class":98},[47,95960,1545],{"class":80},[47,95962,1796],{"class":98},[20,95964,144],{},[38,95966,95968],{"className":40,"code":95967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.1\n",[15,95969,95970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,95971,95972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,95973,95967],{"class":80},[447,95975,95977],{"id":95976},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95979,95980,95982],{},[15,95981,94680],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95984,95985,95986,3072,95990,445],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[594,95987,95988],{"href":3075},[15,95989,3078],{},[594,95991,95992],{"href":3068},[15,95993,3071],{},[33,95995,1969],{"id":1968},[447,95997,1973,95999,96001,96002,96004],{"id":95998},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96000,94680],{}," always round ",[15,96003,40404],{}," up?",[20,96006,96007],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[447,96009,1973,96011,96013],{"id":96010},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96012,94680],{}," change the original number?",[20,96015,96016],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[447,96018,1989,96020,96022],{"id":96019},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96021,94680],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96024,96025,96026,96028,96029,3072,96031,445],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96027,94830],{}," value like ",[15,96030,66039],{},[15,96032,95330],{},[447,96034,28528,96036,96038,96039,2009],{"id":96035},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96037,94680],{}," on a string like ",[15,96040,48281],{},[20,96042,96043,96044,3072,96046,445],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96045,3078],{},[15,96047,3071],{},[33,96049,2075],{"id":2074},[187,96051,96052,96058,96064,96068],{},[190,96053,96054],{},[594,96055,13,96056,2088],{"href":3075},[15,96057,3078],{},[190,96059,96060],{},[594,96061,13,96062,2088],{"href":3068},[15,96063,3071],{},[190,96065,96066],{},[594,96067,2617],{"href":2616},[190,96069,96070],{},[594,96071,42370],{"href":41081},[2110,96073,96074],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":96076},[96077,96078,96080,96081,96083,96085,96087,96088,96089,96091,96098,96108],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":94772,"depth":72,"text":96079},"What round() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":94926,"depth":72,"text":96082},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95064,"depth":72,"text":96084},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95221,"depth":72,"text":96086},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95342,"depth":72,"text":95343},{"id":95525,"depth":72,"text":95526},{"id":95673,"depth":72,"text":96090},"When to use round()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":96092},[96093,96095,96096,96097],{"id":95747,"depth":84,"text":96094},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95808,"depth":84,"text":95809},{"id":95894,"depth":84,"text":95895},{"id":95976,"depth":84,"text":95977},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":96099},[96100,96102,96104,96106],{"id":95998,"depth":84,"text":96101},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96010,"depth":84,"text":96103},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96019,"depth":84,"text":96105},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96035,"depth":84,"text":96107},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94672,"description":96109},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96116,"title":96117,"body":96118,"description":97303,"extension":2167,"meta":97304,"navigation":87,"path":97305,"seo":97306,"stem":97307,"__hash__":97308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96119,"toc":97277},[96120,96127,96133,96136,96138,96187,96191,96216,96221,96226,96231,96245,96256,96258,96277,96279,96295,96298,96309,96311,96313,96374,96378,96411,96418,96425,96428,96461,96464,96468,96471,96524,96528,96549,96555,96562,96569,96630,96638,96715,96719,96731,96740,96742,96748,96754,96758,96811,96814,96872,96876,96884,96887,96891,96894,96904,96906,97003,97006,97017,97020,97063,97067,97091,97094,97100,97102,97106,97131,97133,97200,97209,97211,97217,97222,97226,97229,97233,97240,97244,97249,97251,97268,97274],[10,96121,96123,96124,11516],{"id":96122},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96125,96126],{},"add()",[20,96128,96129,96132],{},[15,96130,96131],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96134,96135],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96137,36],{"id":35},[38,96139,96141],{"className":40,"code":96140,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96142,96143,96163,96177],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96144,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96146,3810],{"class":53},[47,96148,58],{"class":57},[47,96150,10683],{"class":98},[47,96152,1476],{"class":80},[47,96154,136],{"class":98},[47,96156,1562],{"class":80},[47,96158,136],{"class":98},[47,96160,249],{"class":80},[47,96162,9500],{"class":98},[47,96164,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96166,195],{"class":53},[47,96168,445],{"class":98},[47,96170,82289],{"class":102},[47,96172,99],{"class":98},[47,96174,2700],{"class":80},[47,96176,106],{"class":98},[47,96178,96179,96181,96183,96185],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96180,95],{"class":94},[47,96182,99],{"class":98},[47,96184,195],{"class":102},[47,96186,106],{"class":98},[20,96188,96189],{},[280,96190,144],{},[38,96192,96194],{"className":40,"code":96193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96195,96196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96197,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96199,9470],{"class":98},[47,96201,1476],{"class":80},[47,96203,136],{"class":98},[47,96205,1562],{"class":80},[47,96207,136],{"class":98},[47,96209,249],{"class":80},[47,96211,136],{"class":98},[47,96213,393],{"class":80},[47,96215,9500],{"class":98},[20,96217,167,96218,96220],{},[15,96219,96126],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[33,96222,174,96224,177],{"id":96223},"what-setadd-does",[15,96225,96131],{},[20,96227,96228,96230],{},[15,96229,96131],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[187,96232,96233,96236,96239,96242],{},[190,96234,96235],{},"Adds one item to a set",[190,96237,96238],{},"Changes the original set in place",[190,96240,96241],{},"Does not return a new set",[190,96243,96244],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96246,96247,96248,3072,96252,445],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[594,96249,96251],{"href":96250},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[594,96253,96255],{"href":96254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[33,96257,290],{"id":289},[38,96259,96261],{"className":40,"code":96260,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96262,96263],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96264,96265,96267,96269,96271,96273,96275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96266,15861],{"class":53},[47,96268,445],{"class":98},[47,96270,82289],{"class":102},[47,96272,99],{"class":98},[47,96274,23508],{"class":102},[47,96276,106],{"class":98},[20,96278,11653],{},[187,96280,96281,96286,96289],{},[190,96282,56093,96283,96285],{},[15,96284,96126],{}," on an existing set",[190,96287,96288],{},"Pass exactly one item",[190,96290,96291,96292],{},"The item must be ",[280,96293,96294],{},"hashable",[20,96296,96297],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[187,96299,96300,96302,96304,96307],{},[190,96301,56646],{},[190,96303,56649],{},[190,96305,96306],{},"Tuples",[190,96308,40785],{},[33,96310,11670],{"id":11669},[20,96312,11673],{},[38,96314,96316],{"className":40,"code":96315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96317,96318,96342,96360,96364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96319,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336,96338,96340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96321,13271],{"class":53},[47,96323,58],{"class":57},[47,96325,10683],{"class":98},[47,96327,128],{"class":61},[47,96329,876],{"class":65},[47,96331,128],{"class":61},[47,96333,136],{"class":98},[47,96335,62],{"class":61},[47,96337,894],{"class":65},[47,96339,128],{"class":61},[47,96341,9500],{"class":98},[47,96343,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96345,17698],{"class":53},[47,96347,445],{"class":98},[47,96349,82289],{"class":102},[47,96351,99],{"class":98},[47,96353,128],{"class":61},[47,96355,885],{"class":65},[47,96357,128],{"class":61},[47,96359,106],{"class":98},[47,96361,96362],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96363,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96365,96366,96368,96370,96372],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,96367,95],{"class":94},[47,96369,99],{"class":98},[47,96371,17698],{"class":102},[47,96373,106],{"class":98},[20,96375,96376],{},[280,96377,30228],{},[38,96379,96381],{"className":40,"code":96380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96382,96383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96384,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96386,9470],{"class":98},[47,96388,3493],{"class":61},[47,96390,876],{"class":65},[47,96392,3493],{"class":61},[47,96394,136],{"class":98},[47,96396,3488],{"class":61},[47,96398,885],{"class":65},[47,96400,3493],{"class":61},[47,96402,136],{"class":98},[47,96404,3488],{"class":61},[47,96406,894],{"class":65},[47,96408,3493],{"class":61},[47,96410,9500],{"class":98},[20,96412,96413,96414,96417],{},"The new value ",[15,96415,96416],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96419,96420,96421,96424],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[280,96422,96423],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96426,96427],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[38,96429,96431],{"className":40,"code":96430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96432,96433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96434,96435,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451,96453,96455,96457,96459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96436,9470],{"class":98},[47,96438,3493],{"class":61},[47,96440,894],{"class":65},[47,96442,3493],{"class":61},[47,96444,136],{"class":98},[47,96446,3488],{"class":61},[47,96448,876],{"class":65},[47,96450,3493],{"class":61},[47,96452,136],{"class":98},[47,96454,3488],{"class":61},[47,96456,885],{"class":65},[47,96458,3493],{"class":61},[47,96460,9500],{"class":98},[20,96462,96463],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[33,96465,96467],{"id":96466},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96469,96470],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[38,96472,96474],{"className":40,"code":96473,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96475,96476,96496,96510,96514],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96477,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492,96494],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96479,3810],{"class":53},[47,96481,58],{"class":57},[47,96483,10683],{"class":98},[47,96485,1476],{"class":80},[47,96487,136],{"class":98},[47,96489,1562],{"class":80},[47,96491,136],{"class":98},[47,96493,249],{"class":80},[47,96495,9500],{"class":98},[47,96497,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506,96508],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96499,195],{"class":53},[47,96501,445],{"class":98},[47,96503,82289],{"class":102},[47,96505,99],{"class":98},[47,96507,243],{"class":80},[47,96509,106],{"class":98},[47,96511,96512],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96513,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96515,96516,96518,96520,96522],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,96517,95],{"class":94},[47,96519,99],{"class":98},[47,96521,195],{"class":102},[47,96523,106],{"class":98},[20,96525,96526],{},[280,96527,144],{},[38,96529,96531],{"className":40,"code":96530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96532,96533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96534,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96536,9470],{"class":98},[47,96538,1476],{"class":80},[47,96540,136],{"class":98},[47,96542,1562],{"class":80},[47,96544,136],{"class":98},[47,96546,249],{"class":80},[47,96548,9500],{"class":98},[20,96550,96551,96552,96554],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96553,243],{}," was already present.",[33,96556,96558,10778,96560],{"id":96557},"add-vs-update",[15,96559,96126],{},[15,96561,15148],{},[20,96563,167,96564,96566,96567,445],{},[15,96565,96126],{}," when you want to add ",[280,96568,52842],{},[38,96570,96572],{"className":40,"code":96571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96573,96574,96598,96616,96620],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96575,96576,96578,96580,96582,96584,96586,96588,96590,96592,96594,96596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96577,36284],{"class":53},[47,96579,58],{"class":57},[47,96581,10683],{"class":98},[47,96583,128],{"class":61},[47,96585,594],{"class":65},[47,96587,128],{"class":61},[47,96589,136],{"class":98},[47,96591,62],{"class":61},[47,96593,4957],{"class":65},[47,96595,128],{"class":61},[47,96597,9500],{"class":98},[47,96599,96600,96602,96604,96606,96608,96610,96612,96614],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96601,36337],{"class":53},[47,96603,445],{"class":98},[47,96605,82289],{"class":102},[47,96607,99],{"class":98},[47,96609,128],{"class":61},[47,96611,9931],{"class":65},[47,96613,128],{"class":61},[47,96615,106],{"class":98},[47,96617,96618],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96619,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96621,96622,96624,96626,96628],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,96623,95],{"class":94},[47,96625,99],{"class":98},[47,96627,36337],{"class":102},[47,96629,106],{"class":98},[20,96631,167,96632,96566,96634,96637],{},[15,96633,15148],{},[280,96635,96636],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[38,96639,96641],{"className":40,"code":96640,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96642,96643,96667,96701,96705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96644,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96646,36284],{"class":53},[47,96648,58],{"class":57},[47,96650,10683],{"class":98},[47,96652,128],{"class":61},[47,96654,594],{"class":65},[47,96656,128],{"class":61},[47,96658,136],{"class":98},[47,96660,62],{"class":61},[47,96662,4957],{"class":65},[47,96664,128],{"class":61},[47,96666,9500],{"class":98},[47,96668,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96670,36337],{"class":53},[47,96672,445],{"class":98},[47,96674,30663],{"class":102},[47,96676,3178],{"class":98},[47,96678,128],{"class":61},[47,96680,9931],{"class":65},[47,96682,128],{"class":61},[47,96684,136],{"class":98},[47,96686,62],{"class":61},[47,96688,18964],{"class":65},[47,96690,128],{"class":61},[47,96692,136],{"class":98},[47,96694,62],{"class":61},[47,96696,60632],{"class":65},[47,96698,128],{"class":61},[47,96700,4080],{"class":98},[47,96702,96703],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96704,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96706,96707,96709,96711,96713],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,96708,95],{"class":94},[47,96710,99],{"class":98},[47,96712,36337],{"class":102},[47,96714,106],{"class":98},[447,96716,96718],{"id":96717},"key-difference","Key difference",[187,96720,96721,96726],{},[190,96722,96723,96725],{},[15,96724,96126],{}," adds one item",[190,96727,96728,96730],{},[15,96729,15148],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96732,96733,96734,445],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[594,96735,96737,96738,10934],{"href":96736},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96739,15148],{},[33,96741,17615],{"id":17614},[20,96743,96744,1270,96746,445],{},[15,96745,96131],{},[15,96747,285],{},[20,96749,96750,96751,96753],{},"That means you should ",[280,96752,4826],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[447,96755,96757],{"id":96756},"correct","Correct",[38,96759,96761],{"className":40,"code":96760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96762,96763,96783,96797,96801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96764,96765,96767,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96766,15823],{"class":53},[47,96768,58],{"class":57},[47,96770,10683],{"class":98},[47,96772,1476],{"class":80},[47,96774,136],{"class":98},[47,96776,1562],{"class":80},[47,96778,136],{"class":98},[47,96780,249],{"class":80},[47,96782,9500],{"class":98},[47,96784,96785,96787,96789,96791,96793,96795],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96786,15861],{"class":53},[47,96788,445],{"class":98},[47,96790,82289],{"class":102},[47,96792,99],{"class":98},[47,96794,2700],{"class":80},[47,96796,106],{"class":98},[47,96798,96799],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96800,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96802,96803,96805,96807,96809],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,96804,95],{"class":94},[47,96806,99],{"class":98},[47,96808,15861],{"class":102},[47,96810,106],{"class":98},[447,96812,96813],{"id":61954},"Wrong",[38,96815,96817],{"className":40,"code":96816,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96818,96819,96839,96858,96862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96820,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96822,15823],{"class":53},[47,96824,58],{"class":57},[47,96826,10683],{"class":98},[47,96828,1476],{"class":80},[47,96830,136],{"class":98},[47,96832,1562],{"class":80},[47,96834,136],{"class":98},[47,96836,249],{"class":80},[47,96838,9500],{"class":98},[47,96840,96841,96843,96845,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96842,15823],{"class":53},[47,96844,58],{"class":57},[47,96846,96847],{"class":53}," my_set",[47,96849,445],{"class":98},[47,96851,82289],{"class":102},[47,96853,99],{"class":98},[47,96855,2700],{"class":80},[47,96857,106],{"class":98},[47,96859,96860],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96861,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96863,96864,96866,96868,96870],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,96865,95],{"class":94},[47,96867,99],{"class":98},[47,96869,15861],{"class":102},[47,96871,106],{"class":98},[20,96873,96874],{},[280,96875,144],{},[38,96877,96878],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,96879,96880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96881,96882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96883,1335],{"class":1334},[20,96885,96886],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[33,96888,96890],{"id":96889},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96892,96893],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[187,96895,96896,96898,96900,96902],{},[190,96897,56646],{},[190,96899,56649],{},[190,96901,96306],{},[190,96903,40785],{},[20,96905,204],{},[38,96907,96909],{"className":40,"code":96908,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96910,96911,96921,96925,96939,96957,96975,96989,96993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,96912,96913,96915,96917,96919],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,96914,7975],{"class":53},[47,96916,58],{"class":57},[47,96918,15828],{"class":1788},[47,96920,8836],{"class":98},[47,96922,96923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,96924,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96926,96927,96929,96931,96933,96935,96937],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,96928,8006],{"class":53},[47,96930,445],{"class":98},[47,96932,82289],{"class":102},[47,96934,99],{"class":98},[47,96936,582],{"class":80},[47,96938,106],{"class":98},[47,96940,96941,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,96942,8006],{"class":53},[47,96944,445],{"class":98},[47,96946,82289],{"class":102},[47,96948,99],{"class":98},[47,96950,128],{"class":61},[47,96952,4038],{"class":65},[47,96954,128],{"class":61},[47,96956,106],{"class":98},[47,96958,96959,96961,96963,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,96960,8006],{"class":53},[47,96962,445],{"class":98},[47,96964,82289],{"class":102},[47,96966,5705],{"class":98},[47,96968,1476],{"class":80},[47,96970,136],{"class":98},[47,96972,1562],{"class":80},[47,96974,1796],{"class":98},[47,96976,96977,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,96978,8006],{"class":53},[47,96980,445],{"class":98},[47,96982,82289],{"class":102},[47,96984,99],{"class":98},[47,96986,3795],{"class":1334},[47,96988,106],{"class":98},[47,96990,96991],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,96992,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,96994,96995,96997,96999,97001],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,96996,95],{"class":94},[47,96998,99],{"class":98},[47,97000,8006],{"class":102},[47,97002,106],{"class":98},[20,97004,97005],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[187,97007,97008,97011,97014],{},[190,97009,97010],{},"Lists",[190,97012,97013],{},"Dictionaries",[190,97015,97016],{},"Sets",[20,97018,97019],{},"Example that causes an error:",[38,97021,97023],{"className":40,"code":97022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97024,97025,97045],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97026,97027,97029,97031,97033,97035,97037,97039,97041,97043],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97028,7975],{"class":53},[47,97030,58],{"class":57},[47,97032,10683],{"class":98},[47,97034,1476],{"class":80},[47,97036,136],{"class":98},[47,97038,1562],{"class":80},[47,97040,136],{"class":98},[47,97042,249],{"class":80},[47,97044,9500],{"class":98},[47,97046,97047,97049,97051,97053,97055,97057,97059,97061],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97048,8006],{"class":53},[47,97050,445],{"class":98},[47,97052,82289],{"class":102},[47,97054,3178],{"class":98},[47,97056,2700],{"class":80},[47,97058,136],{"class":98},[47,97060,4800],{"class":80},[47,97062,4080],{"class":98},[20,97064,97065],{},[280,97066,29879],{},[38,97068,97070],{"className":40,"code":97069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97071,97072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97073,97074,97076,97078,97081,97083,97085,97087,97089],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97075,1707],{"class":1788},[47,97077,420],{"class":98},[47,97079,97080],{"class":53}," unhashable ",[47,97082,1922],{"class":1788},[47,97084,420],{"class":98},[47,97086,3488],{"class":61},[47,97088,8288],{"class":65},[47,97090,29898],{"class":61},[20,97092,97093],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97095,97096,97097,445],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97098,97099],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[33,97101,1595],{"id":1594},[20,97103,14927,97104,420],{},[15,97105,96131],{},[187,97107,97108,97113,97118,97121,97128],{},[190,97109,1654,97110,97112],{},[15,97111,96126],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[190,97114,1807,97115,97117],{},[15,97116,96126],{}," to return the updated set",[190,97119,97120],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[190,97122,37396,97123,97125,97126],{},[15,97124,96131],{}," with list ",[15,97127,52838],{},[190,97129,97130],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97132,71690],{},[38,97134,97136],{"className":40,"code":97135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97137,97138,97148,97162,97172,97186],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97139,97140,97142,97144,97146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97141,95],{"class":94},[47,97143,99],{"class":98},[47,97145,15861],{"class":102},[47,97147,106],{"class":98},[47,97149,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97151,95],{"class":94},[47,97153,99],{"class":98},[47,97155,1922],{"class":1788},[47,97157,99],{"class":98},[47,97159,15861],{"class":102},[47,97161,1796],{"class":98},[47,97163,97164,97166,97168,97170],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,97165,95],{"class":94},[47,97167,99],{"class":98},[47,97169,2668],{"class":102},[47,97171,106],{"class":98},[47,97173,97174,97176,97178,97180,97182,97184],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,97175,95],{"class":94},[47,97177,99],{"class":98},[47,97179,1922],{"class":1788},[47,97181,99],{"class":98},[47,97183,2668],{"class":102},[47,97185,1796],{"class":98},[47,97187,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97189,1934],{"class":94},[47,97191,99],{"class":98},[47,97193,6480],{"class":1788},[47,97195,445],{"class":98},[47,97197,82289],{"class":24948},[47,97199,106],{"class":98},[20,97201,97202,97203,97205,97206,445],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97204,96131],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[594,97207,53234],{"href":97208},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[33,97210,1969],{"id":1968},[447,97212,1973,97214,97216],{"id":97213},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97215,96131],{}," return a new set?",[20,97218,97219,97220,445],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97221,285],{},[447,97223,97225],{"id":97224},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97227,97228],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[447,97230,97232],{"id":97231},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97234,167,97235,11285,97238,445],{},[15,97236,97237],{},"set.update()",[15,97239,96126],{},[447,97241,97243],{"id":97242},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97245,97246,97247,445],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97248,1707],{},[33,97250,2075],{"id":2074},[187,97252,97253,97257,97262],{},[190,97254,97255],{},[594,97256,96251],{"href":96250},[190,97258,97259],{},[594,97260,97261],{"href":96254},"How to create a set in Python",[190,97263,97264],{},[594,97265,96737,97266,10934],{"href":96736},[15,97267,15148],{},[20,97269,97270,97271,97273],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97272,96126],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2110,97275,97276],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":97278},[97279,97280,97282,97283,97284,97285,97289,97293,97294,97295,97302],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":96223,"depth":72,"text":97281},"What set.add() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":96466,"depth":72,"text":96467},{"id":96557,"depth":72,"text":97286,"children":97287},"add() vs update()",[97288],{"id":96717,"depth":84,"text":96718},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615,"children":97290},[97291,97292],{"id":96756,"depth":84,"text":96757},{"id":61954,"depth":84,"text":96813},{"id":96889,"depth":72,"text":96890},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":97296},[97297,97299,97300,97301],{"id":97213,"depth":84,"text":97298},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97224,"depth":84,"text":97225},{"id":97231,"depth":84,"text":97232},{"id":97242,"depth":84,"text":97243},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96117,"description":97303},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97310,"title":97311,"body":97312,"description":98481,"extension":2167,"meta":98482,"navigation":87,"path":98483,"seo":98484,"stem":98485,"__hash__":98486},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97313,"toc":98448},[97314,97319,97325,97332,97377,97379,97390,97395,97400,97404,97418,97423,97425,97427,97442,97444,97458,97460,97462,97527,97529,97539,97541,97559,97565,97572,97577,97651,97653,97670,97676,97681,97752,97754,97781,97798,97801,97807,97809,97816,97820,97887,97889,97904,97907,97960,97962,97970,97982,97984,97988,97993,97995,98044,98046,98054,98056,98101,98103,98113,98119,98127,98140,98146,98148,98177,98179,98197,98201,98204,98235,98237,98255,98259,98334,98336,98352,98359,98361,98366,98371,98377,98380,98384,98392,98399,98407,98409,98445],[10,97315,96123,97317,11516],{"id":97316},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97318,11515],{},[20,97320,97321,97324],{},[15,97322,97323],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97326,97327,97328,97331],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[280,97329,97330],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[38,97333,97335],{"className":40,"code":97334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97336,97337,97357,97367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97338,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347,97349,97351,97353,97355],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97340,3810],{"class":53},[47,97342,58],{"class":57},[47,97344,10683],{"class":98},[47,97346,1476],{"class":80},[47,97348,136],{"class":98},[47,97350,1562],{"class":80},[47,97352,136],{"class":98},[47,97354,249],{"class":80},[47,97356,9500],{"class":98},[47,97358,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97360,195],{"class":53},[47,97362,445],{"class":98},[47,97364,11577],{"class":102},[47,97366,8836],{"class":98},[47,97368,97369,97371,97373,97375],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,97370,95],{"class":94},[47,97372,99],{"class":98},[47,97374,195],{"class":102},[47,97376,106],{"class":98},[20,97378,144],{},[38,97380,97382],{"className":40,"code":97381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n",[15,97383,97384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97385,97386,97388],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97387,6480],{"class":1788},[47,97389,8836],{"class":98},[20,97391,97392,97394],{},[15,97393,11515],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[33,97396,174,97398,177],{"id":97397},"what-setclear-does",[15,97399,97323],{},[20,97401,850,97402,11607],{},[15,97403,11515],{},[187,97405,97406,97409,97411,97415],{},[190,97407,97408],{},"Removes every item from a set",[190,97410,96238],{},[190,97412,11618,97413],{},[15,97414,285],{},[190,97416,97417],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97419,96247,97420,71789],{},[594,97421,96251],{"href":97422},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[33,97424,290],{"id":289},[20,97426,54631],{},[38,97428,97430],{"className":40,"code":97429,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97431,97432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97433,97434,97436,97438,97440],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97435,15861],{"class":53},[47,97437,445],{"class":98},[47,97439,11577],{"class":102},[47,97441,8836],{"class":98},[20,97443,13247],{},[187,97445,97446,97449,97452,97455],{},[190,97447,97448],{},"It takes no arguments",[190,97450,97451],{},"It empties the set",[190,97453,97454],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[190,97456,97457],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[33,97459,11670],{"id":11669},[20,97461,11673],{},[38,97463,97465],{"className":40,"code":97464,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97466,97467,97499,97503,97513,97517],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97468,97469,97471,97473,97475,97477,97479,97481,97483,97485,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97470,13271],{"class":53},[47,97472,58],{"class":57},[47,97474,10683],{"class":98},[47,97476,128],{"class":61},[47,97478,876],{"class":65},[47,97480,128],{"class":61},[47,97482,136],{"class":98},[47,97484,62],{"class":61},[47,97486,885],{"class":65},[47,97488,128],{"class":61},[47,97490,136],{"class":98},[47,97492,62],{"class":61},[47,97494,894],{"class":65},[47,97496,128],{"class":61},[47,97498,9500],{"class":98},[47,97500,97501],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97502,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97504,97505,97507,97509,97511],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,97506,17698],{"class":53},[47,97508,445],{"class":98},[47,97510,11577],{"class":102},[47,97512,8836],{"class":98},[47,97514,97515],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,97516,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97518,97519,97521,97523,97525],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97520,95],{"class":94},[47,97522,99],{"class":98},[47,97524,17698],{"class":102},[47,97526,106],{"class":98},[20,97528,144],{},[38,97530,97531],{"className":40,"code":97381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97532,97533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97534,97535,97537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97536,6480],{"class":1788},[47,97538,8836],{"class":98},[20,97540,11879],{},[187,97542,97543,97548,97553],{},[190,97544,97545,97547],{},[15,97546,17698],{}," starts with three values",[190,97549,97550,11892],{},[15,97551,97552],{},"colors.clear()",[190,97554,97555,97556,97558],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97557,3989],{},", which means an empty set",[33,97560,97562,97564],{"id":97561},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97563,11515],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97566,97567,839,97569,97571],{},[15,97568,11515],{},[15,97570,3989],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[447,97573,1654,97575],{"id":97574},"using-clear",[15,97576,11515],{},[38,97578,97580],{"className":40,"code":97579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97581,97582,97602,97612,97616,97626,97630,97640],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97583,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97585,7975],{"class":53},[47,97587,58],{"class":57},[47,97589,10683],{"class":98},[47,97591,1476],{"class":80},[47,97593,136],{"class":98},[47,97595,1562],{"class":80},[47,97597,136],{"class":98},[47,97599,249],{"class":80},[47,97601,9500],{"class":98},[47,97603,97604,97607,97609],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97605,97606],{"class":53},"other_name ",[47,97608,58],{"class":57},[47,97610,97611],{"class":53}," items\n",[47,97613,97614],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,97615,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97617,97618,97620,97622,97624],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,97619,8006],{"class":53},[47,97621,445],{"class":98},[47,97623,11577],{"class":102},[47,97625,8836],{"class":98},[47,97627,97628],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97629,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97631,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,97633,95],{"class":94},[47,97635,99],{"class":98},[47,97637,8006],{"class":102},[47,97639,106],{"class":98},[47,97641,97642,97644,97646,97649],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,97643,95],{"class":94},[47,97645,99],{"class":98},[47,97647,97648],{"class":102},"other_name",[47,97650,106],{"class":98},[20,97652,144],{},[38,97654,97656],{"className":40,"code":97655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97657,97658,97664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97659,97660,97662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97661,6480],{"class":1788},[47,97663,8836],{"class":98},[47,97665,97666,97668],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97667,6480],{"class":1788},[47,97669,8836],{"class":98},[20,97671,97672,97673,445],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[280,97674,97675],{},"same set object",[447,97677,1654,97679],{"id":97678},"using-set",[15,97680,3989],{},[38,97682,97684],{"className":40,"code":97683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97685,97686,97706,97714,97718,97728,97732,97742],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97687,97688,97690,97692,97694,97696,97698,97700,97702,97704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97689,7975],{"class":53},[47,97691,58],{"class":57},[47,97693,10683],{"class":98},[47,97695,1476],{"class":80},[47,97697,136],{"class":98},[47,97699,1562],{"class":80},[47,97701,136],{"class":98},[47,97703,249],{"class":80},[47,97705,9500],{"class":98},[47,97707,97708,97710,97712],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97709,97606],{"class":53},[47,97711,58],{"class":57},[47,97713,97611],{"class":53},[47,97715,97716],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,97717,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97719,97720,97722,97724,97726],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,97721,7975],{"class":53},[47,97723,58],{"class":57},[47,97725,15828],{"class":1788},[47,97727,8836],{"class":98},[47,97729,97730],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97731,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97733,97734,97736,97738,97740],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,97735,95],{"class":94},[47,97737,99],{"class":98},[47,97739,8006],{"class":102},[47,97741,106],{"class":98},[47,97743,97744,97746,97748,97750],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,97745,95],{"class":94},[47,97747,99],{"class":98},[47,97749,97648],{"class":102},[47,97751,106],{"class":98},[20,97753,144],{},[38,97755,97757],{"className":40,"code":97756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97758,97759,97765],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97760,97761,97763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97762,6480],{"class":1788},[47,97764,8836],{"class":98},[47,97766,97767,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777,97779],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97768,9470],{"class":98},[47,97770,1476],{"class":80},[47,97772,136],{"class":98},[47,97774,1562],{"class":80},[47,97776,136],{"class":98},[47,97778,249],{"class":80},[47,97780,9500],{"class":98},[20,97782,20968,97783,93015,97786,97789,97790,445,97792,97794,97795,97797],{},[15,97784,97785],{},"items = set()",[280,97787,97788],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97791,8006],{},[10038,97793],{},"\nBut ",[15,97796,97648],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97799,97800],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97802,97803,97804,445],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[594,97805,96255],{"href":97806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[33,97808,17615],{"id":17614},[20,97810,97811,14248,97813,97815],{},[15,97812,11515],{},[280,97814,4826],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97817,5345,97818,445],{},[15,97819,285],{},[38,97821,97823],{"className":40,"code":97822,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97824,97825,97845,97849,97863,97867,97877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97826,97827,97829,97831,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841,97843],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97828,3810],{"class":53},[47,97830,58],{"class":57},[47,97832,10683],{"class":98},[47,97834,1476],{"class":80},[47,97836,136],{"class":98},[47,97838,1562],{"class":80},[47,97840,136],{"class":98},[47,97842,249],{"class":80},[47,97844,9500],{"class":98},[47,97846,97847],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97848,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97850,97851,97853,97855,97857,97859,97861],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,97852,1290],{"class":53},[47,97854,58],{"class":57},[47,97856,4457],{"class":53},[47,97858,445],{"class":98},[47,97860,11577],{"class":102},[47,97862,8836],{"class":98},[47,97864,97865],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,97866,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97868,97869,97871,97873,97875],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,97870,95],{"class":94},[47,97872,99],{"class":98},[47,97874,1315],{"class":102},[47,97876,106],{"class":98},[47,97878,97879,97881,97883,97885],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,97880,95],{"class":94},[47,97882,99],{"class":98},[47,97884,195],{"class":102},[47,97886,106],{"class":98},[20,97888,144],{},[38,97890,97892],{"className":40,"code":97891,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"None\nset()\n",[15,97893,97894,97898],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97895,97896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97897,1335],{"class":1334},[47,97899,97900,97902],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97901,6480],{"class":1788},[47,97903,8836],{"class":98},[20,97905,97906],{},"Do not do this:",[38,97908,97910],{"className":40,"code":97909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97911,97912,97932,97946,97950],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97913,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922,97924,97926,97928,97930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97915,3810],{"class":53},[47,97917,58],{"class":57},[47,97919,10683],{"class":98},[47,97921,1476],{"class":80},[47,97923,136],{"class":98},[47,97925,1562],{"class":80},[47,97927,136],{"class":98},[47,97929,249],{"class":80},[47,97931,9500],{"class":98},[47,97933,97934,97936,97938,97940,97942,97944],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,97935,3810],{"class":53},[47,97937,58],{"class":57},[47,97939,4457],{"class":53},[47,97941,445],{"class":98},[47,97943,11577],{"class":102},[47,97945,8836],{"class":98},[47,97947,97948],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,97949,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,97951,97952,97954,97956,97958],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,97953,95],{"class":94},[47,97955,99],{"class":98},[47,97957,195],{"class":102},[47,97959,106],{"class":98},[20,97961,144],{},[38,97963,97964],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,97965,97966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,97967,97968],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,97969,1335],{"class":1334},[20,97971,22386,97972,1270,97974,97976,97977,97979,97980,445],{},[15,97973,54744],{},[15,97975,285],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97978,285],{}," back to ",[15,97981,195],{},[33,97983,4713],{"id":4712},[20,97985,10941,97986,445],{},[15,97987,97323],{},[447,97989,12789,97991],{"id":97990},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97992,11515],{},[20,97994,16839],{},[38,97996,97998],{"className":40,"code":97997,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97999,98000,98020,98034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98001,98002,98004,98006,98008,98010,98012,98014,98016,98018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98003,15823],{"class":53},[47,98005,58],{"class":57},[47,98007,10683],{"class":98},[47,98009,1476],{"class":80},[47,98011,136],{"class":98},[47,98013,1562],{"class":80},[47,98015,136],{"class":98},[47,98017,249],{"class":80},[47,98019,9500],{"class":98},[47,98021,98022,98024,98026,98028,98030,98032],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98023,15823],{"class":53},[47,98025,58],{"class":57},[47,98027,96847],{"class":53},[47,98029,445],{"class":98},[47,98031,11577],{"class":102},[47,98033,8836],{"class":98},[47,98035,98036,98038,98040,98042],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,98037,95],{"class":94},[47,98039,99],{"class":98},[47,98041,15861],{"class":102},[47,98043,106],{"class":98},[20,98045,144],{},[38,98047,98048],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98049,98050],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98051,98052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98053,1335],{"class":1334},[20,98055,16851],{},[38,98057,98059],{"className":40,"code":98058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98060,98061,98081,98091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98062,98063,98065,98067,98069,98071,98073,98075,98077,98079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98064,15823],{"class":53},[47,98066,58],{"class":57},[47,98068,10683],{"class":98},[47,98070,1476],{"class":80},[47,98072,136],{"class":98},[47,98074,1562],{"class":80},[47,98076,136],{"class":98},[47,98078,249],{"class":80},[47,98080,9500],{"class":98},[47,98082,98083,98085,98087,98089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98084,15861],{"class":53},[47,98086,445],{"class":98},[47,98088,11577],{"class":102},[47,98090,8836],{"class":98},[47,98092,98093,98095,98097,98099],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,98094,95],{"class":94},[47,98096,99],{"class":98},[47,98098,15861],{"class":102},[47,98100,106],{"class":98},[20,98102,144],{},[38,98104,98105],{"className":40,"code":97381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98106,98107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98108,98109,98111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98110,6480],{"class":1788},[47,98112,8836],{"class":98},[447,98114,1807,98116,98118],{"id":98115},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98117,11515],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98120,98121,98123,98124,98126],{},[15,98122,11515],{}," removes ",[280,98125,3908],{}," items from the set.",[20,98128,98129,98130,3072,98135,445],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[594,98131,98133],{"href":98132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98134,55713],{},[594,98136,98138],{"href":98137},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98139,12957],{},[447,98141,1654,98143,98145],{"id":98142},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98144,3984],{}," for an empty set",[20,98147,25889],{},[38,98149,98151],{"className":40,"code":98150,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98152,98153,98162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98154,98155,98158,98160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98156,98157],{"class":53},"empty_value ",[47,98159,58],{"class":57},[47,98161,10030],{"class":98},[47,98163,98164,98166,98168,98170,98172,98175],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98165,95],{"class":94},[47,98167,99],{"class":98},[47,98169,1922],{"class":1788},[47,98171,99],{"class":98},[47,98173,98174],{"class":102},"empty_value",[47,98176,1796],{"class":98},[20,98178,144],{},[38,98180,98181],{"className":40,"code":9002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98182,98183],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98184,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98186,3482],{"class":57},[47,98188,3485],{"class":2266},[47,98190,3488],{"class":61},[47,98192,9015],{"class":65},[47,98194,3493],{"class":61},[47,98196,3496],{"class":57},[20,98198,98199,8982],{},[15,98200,3984],{},[20,98202,98203],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[38,98205,98207],{"className":40,"code":98206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98208,98209,98220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98210,98211,98214,98216,98218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98212,98213],{"class":53},"empty_set ",[47,98215,58],{"class":57},[47,98217,15828],{"class":1788},[47,98219,8836],{"class":98},[47,98221,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98223,95],{"class":94},[47,98225,99],{"class":98},[47,98227,1922],{"class":1788},[47,98229,99],{"class":98},[47,98231,98232],{"class":102},"empty_set",[47,98234,1796],{"class":98},[20,98236,144],{},[38,98238,98239],{"className":40,"code":9046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98240,98241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98242,98243,98245,98247,98249,98251,98253],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98244,3482],{"class":57},[47,98246,3485],{"class":2266},[47,98248,3488],{"class":61},[47,98250,6480],{"class":65},[47,98252,3493],{"class":61},[47,98254,3496],{"class":57},[447,98256,98258],{"id":98257},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[38,98260,98262],{"className":40,"code":98261,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98263,98264,98288,98296,98300,98310,98314,98324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98265,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280,98282,98284,98286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98267,2750],{"class":53},[47,98269,58],{"class":57},[47,98271,10683],{"class":98},[47,98273,128],{"class":61},[47,98275,2374],{"class":65},[47,98277,128],{"class":61},[47,98279,136],{"class":98},[47,98281,62],{"class":61},[47,98283,11941],{"class":65},[47,98285,128],{"class":61},[47,98287,9500],{"class":98},[47,98289,98290,98292,98294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98291,2777],{"class":53},[47,98293,58],{"class":57},[47,98295,36369],{"class":53},[47,98297,98298],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,98299,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,98303,594],{"class":53},[47,98305,445],{"class":98},[47,98307,11577],{"class":102},[47,98309,8836],{"class":98},[47,98311,98312],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,98313,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,98315,98316,98318,98320,98322],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,98317,95],{"class":94},[47,98319,99],{"class":98},[47,98321,594],{"class":102},[47,98323,106],{"class":98},[47,98325,98326,98328,98330,98332],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,98327,95],{"class":94},[47,98329,99],{"class":98},[47,98331,4957],{"class":102},[47,98333,106],{"class":98},[20,98335,144],{},[38,98337,98338],{"className":40,"code":97655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98339,98340,98346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98341,98342,98344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98343,6480],{"class":1788},[47,98345,8836],{"class":98},[47,98347,98348,98350],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98349,6480],{"class":1788},[47,98351,8836],{"class":98},[20,98353,2012,98354,839,98356,98358],{},[15,98355,594],{},[15,98357,4957],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[33,98360,1969],{"id":1968},[447,98362,5339,98364,5342],{"id":98363},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98365,97323],{},[20,98367,5345,98368,98370],{},[15,98369,285],{},". It empties the set in place.",[447,98372,1973,98374,98376],{"id":98373},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98375,11515],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98378,98379],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[447,98381,98383],{"id":98382},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98385,98386,98387,98389,98390,445],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98388,11515],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98391,3989],{},[447,98393,2055,98395,839,98397,2009],{"id":98394},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98396,11515],{},[15,98398,3989],{},[20,98400,98401,98403,98404,98406],{},[15,98402,11515],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98405,3989],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[33,98408,2075],{"id":2074},[187,98410,98411,98415,98419,98426,98432,98438],{},[190,98412,98413],{},[594,98414,96251],{"href":97422},[190,98416,98417],{},[594,98418,97261],{"href":97806},[190,98420,98421],{},[594,98422,96737,98424,10934],{"href":98423},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98425,96126],{},[190,98427,98428],{},[594,98429,96737,98430,10934],{"href":98132},[15,98431,55713],{},[190,98433,98434],{},[594,98435,96737,98436,10934],{"href":98137},[15,98437,12957],{},[190,98439,98440],{},[594,98441,96737,98443,10934],{"href":98442},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98444,15148],{},[2110,98446,98447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":98449},[98450,98452,98453,98454,98461,98462,98471,98480],{"id":97397,"depth":72,"text":98451},"What set.clear() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":97561,"depth":72,"text":98455,"children":98456},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98457,98459],{"id":97574,"depth":84,"text":98458},"Using clear()",{"id":97678,"depth":84,"text":98460},"Using set()",{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":98463},[98464,98466,98468,98470],{"id":97990,"depth":84,"text":98465},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98115,"depth":84,"text":98467},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98142,"depth":84,"text":98469},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98257,"depth":84,"text":98258},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":98472},[98473,98475,98477,98478],{"id":98363,"depth":84,"text":98474},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98373,"depth":84,"text":98476},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98382,"depth":84,"text":98383},{"id":98394,"depth":84,"text":98479},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97311,"description":98481},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98488,"title":98489,"body":98490,"description":100322,"extension":2167,"meta":100323,"navigation":87,"path":96254,"seo":100324,"stem":100325,"__hash__":100326},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98491,"toc":100279},[98492,98495,98498,98501,98503,98606,98610,98657,98663,98665,98684,98688,98691,98693,98707,98716,98720,98723,98758,98762,98782,98785,98789,98792,98853,98857,98882,98889,98895,98900,98902,98914,98918,98967,98971,98995,99002,99006,99047,99051,99072,99076,99109,99113,99154,99157,99161,99166,99205,99209,99234,99239,99245,99282,99286,99309,99313,99315,99318,99321,99398,99402,99439,99442,99446,99452,99455,99465,99514,99520,99526,99553,99556,99578,99580,99611,99614,99618,99622,99661,99665,99728,99731,99764,99768,99793,99795,99798,99804,99807,99834,99837,99855,99859,99863,99866,99909,99912,99916,99919,99922,99952,99955,99959,99962,99977,99982,99986,99989,100078,100080,100083,100173,100176,100194,100196,100200,100210,100214,100222,100226,100229,100233,100236,100240,100243,100245,100273,100276],[10,98493,98489],{"id":98494},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98496,98497],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98499,98500],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[33,98502,3800],{"id":3799},[38,98504,98506],{"className":40,"code":98505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98507,98508,98528,98562,98572,98576,98586,98596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516,98518,98520,98522,98524,98526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98511,3810],{"class":53},[47,98513,58],{"class":57},[47,98515,10683],{"class":98},[47,98517,1476],{"class":80},[47,98519,136],{"class":98},[47,98521,1562],{"class":80},[47,98523,136],{"class":98},[47,98525,249],{"class":80},[47,98527,9500],{"class":98},[47,98529,98530,98532,98534,98536,98538,98540,98542,98544,98546,98548,98550,98552,98554,98556,98558,98560],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98531,4263],{"class":53},[47,98533,58],{"class":57},[47,98535,15828],{"class":1788},[47,98537,3178],{"class":98},[47,98539,128],{"class":61},[47,98541,4272],{"class":65},[47,98543,128],{"class":61},[47,98545,136],{"class":98},[47,98547,62],{"class":61},[47,98549,4281],{"class":65},[47,98551,128],{"class":61},[47,98553,136],{"class":98},[47,98555,62],{"class":61},[47,98557,4272],{"class":65},[47,98559,128],{"class":61},[47,98561,4080],{"class":98},[47,98563,98564,98566,98568,98570],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,98565,98213],{"class":53},[47,98567,58],{"class":57},[47,98569,15828],{"class":1788},[47,98571,8836],{"class":98},[47,98573,98574],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,98575,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,98577,98578,98580,98582,98584],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,98579,95],{"class":94},[47,98581,99],{"class":98},[47,98583,195],{"class":102},[47,98585,106],{"class":98},[47,98587,98588,98590,98592,98594],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,98589,95],{"class":94},[47,98591,99],{"class":98},[47,98593,4307],{"class":102},[47,98595,106],{"class":98},[47,98597,98598,98600,98602,98604],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,98599,95],{"class":94},[47,98601,99],{"class":98},[47,98603,98232],{"class":102},[47,98605,106],{"class":98},[20,98607,98608],{},[280,98609,144],{},[38,98611,98613],{"className":40,"code":98612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98614,98615,98631,98651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98616,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98618,9470],{"class":98},[47,98620,1476],{"class":80},[47,98622,136],{"class":98},[47,98624,1562],{"class":80},[47,98626,136],{"class":98},[47,98628,249],{"class":80},[47,98630,9500],{"class":98},[47,98632,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98634,9470],{"class":98},[47,98636,3493],{"class":61},[47,98638,4281],{"class":65},[47,98640,3493],{"class":61},[47,98642,136],{"class":98},[47,98644,3488],{"class":61},[47,98646,4272],{"class":65},[47,98648,3493],{"class":61},[47,98650,9500],{"class":98},[47,98652,98653,98655],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,98654,6480],{"class":1788},[47,98656,8836],{"class":98},[20,98658,98659,98660,98662],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98661,3989],{}," for an empty set.",[33,98664,15357],{"id":15356},[187,98666,98667,98670,98675,98678,98681],{},[190,98668,98669],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[190,98671,98672,98673],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98674,3989],{},[190,98676,98677],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[190,98679,98680],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[190,98682,98683],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[33,98685,98687],{"id":98686},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98689,98690],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98692,30739],{},[187,98694,98695,98698,98701,98704],{},[190,98696,98697],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[190,98699,98700],{},"Sets are unordered",[190,98702,98703],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[190,98705,98706],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98708,98709,98710,3072,98712,445],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[594,98711,96251],{"href":97422},[594,98713,98715],{"href":98714},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[33,98717,98719],{"id":98718},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98721,98722],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[38,98724,98726],{"className":40,"code":98725,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98727,98728,98748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98729,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98731,3810],{"class":53},[47,98733,58],{"class":57},[47,98735,10683],{"class":98},[47,98737,1476],{"class":80},[47,98739,136],{"class":98},[47,98741,1562],{"class":80},[47,98743,136],{"class":98},[47,98745,249],{"class":80},[47,98747,9500],{"class":98},[47,98749,98750,98752,98754,98756],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98751,95],{"class":94},[47,98753,99],{"class":98},[47,98755,195],{"class":102},[47,98757,106],{"class":98},[20,98759,98760],{},[280,98761,30228],{},[38,98763,98764],{"className":40,"code":96530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98765,98766],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98767,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98769,9470],{"class":98},[47,98771,1476],{"class":80},[47,98773,136],{"class":98},[47,98775,1562],{"class":80},[47,98777,136],{"class":98},[47,98779,249],{"class":80},[47,98781,9500],{"class":98},[20,98783,98784],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[447,98786,98788],{"id":98787},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98790,98791],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[38,98793,98795],{"className":40,"code":98794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98796,98797,98829,98839],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98798,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98800,3810],{"class":53},[47,98802,58],{"class":57},[47,98804,10683],{"class":98},[47,98806,1476],{"class":80},[47,98808,136],{"class":98},[47,98810,1562],{"class":80},[47,98812,136],{"class":98},[47,98814,1562],{"class":80},[47,98816,136],{"class":98},[47,98818,249],{"class":80},[47,98820,136],{"class":98},[47,98822,249],{"class":80},[47,98824,136],{"class":98},[47,98826,249],{"class":80},[47,98828,9500],{"class":98},[47,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98832,95],{"class":94},[47,98834,99],{"class":98},[47,98836,195],{"class":102},[47,98838,106],{"class":98},[47,98840,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,98842,95],{"class":94},[47,98844,99],{"class":98},[47,98846,11355],{"class":94},[47,98848,99],{"class":98},[47,98850,195],{"class":102},[47,98852,1796],{"class":98},[20,98854,98855],{},[280,98856,30228],{},[38,98858,98860],{"className":40,"code":98859,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98861,98862,98878],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98863,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874,98876],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98865,9470],{"class":98},[47,98867,1476],{"class":80},[47,98869,136],{"class":98},[47,98871,1562],{"class":80},[47,98873,136],{"class":98},[47,98875,249],{"class":80},[47,98877,9500],{"class":98},[47,98879,98880],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98881,46804],{"class":80},[20,98883,21175,98884,839,98886,98888],{},[15,98885,243],{},[15,98887,2263],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[33,98890,98892,98893],{"id":98891},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98894,3989],{},[20,98896,167,98897,98899],{},[15,98898,3989],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98901,5652],{},[187,98903,98904,98906,98908,98910],{},[190,98905,97010],{},[190,98907,96306],{},[190,98909,56649],{},[190,98911,98912],{},[15,98913,36392],{},[447,98915,98917],{"id":98916},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[38,98919,98921],{"className":40,"code":98920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98922,98923,98957],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98924,98925,98927,98929,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98926,3810],{"class":53},[47,98928,58],{"class":57},[47,98930,15828],{"class":1788},[47,98932,3178],{"class":98},[47,98934,1476],{"class":80},[47,98936,136],{"class":98},[47,98938,1562],{"class":80},[47,98940,136],{"class":98},[47,98942,1562],{"class":80},[47,98944,136],{"class":98},[47,98946,249],{"class":80},[47,98948,136],{"class":98},[47,98950,249],{"class":80},[47,98952,136],{"class":98},[47,98954,393],{"class":80},[47,98956,4080],{"class":98},[47,98958,98959,98961,98963,98965],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,98960,95],{"class":94},[47,98962,99],{"class":98},[47,98964,195],{"class":102},[47,98966,106],{"class":98},[20,98968,98969],{},[280,98970,30228],{},[38,98972,98973],{"className":40,"code":96193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,98974,98975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,98976,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,98978,9470],{"class":98},[47,98980,1476],{"class":80},[47,98982,136],{"class":98},[47,98984,1562],{"class":80},[47,98986,136],{"class":98},[47,98988,249],{"class":80},[47,98990,136],{"class":98},[47,98992,393],{"class":80},[47,98994,9500],{"class":98},[20,98996,98997,98998,445],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[594,98999,99001],{"href":99000},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[447,99003,99005],{"id":99004},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[38,99007,99009],{"className":40,"code":99008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99010,99011,99037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99014,4015],{"class":53},[47,99016,58],{"class":57},[47,99018,15828],{"class":1788},[47,99020,5705],{"class":98},[47,99022,582],{"class":80},[47,99024,136],{"class":98},[47,99026,7986],{"class":80},[47,99028,136],{"class":98},[47,99030,7986],{"class":80},[47,99032,136],{"class":98},[47,99034,7991],{"class":80},[47,99036,1796],{"class":98},[47,99038,99039,99041,99043,99045],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99040,95],{"class":94},[47,99042,99],{"class":98},[47,99044,5553],{"class":102},[47,99046,106],{"class":98},[20,99048,99049],{},[280,99050,30228],{},[38,99052,99054],{"className":40,"code":99053,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99055,99056],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99057,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99059,9470],{"class":98},[47,99061,582],{"class":80},[47,99063,136],{"class":98},[47,99065,7986],{"class":80},[47,99067,136],{"class":98},[47,99069,7991],{"class":80},[47,99071,9500],{"class":98},[447,99073,99075],{"id":99074},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[38,99077,99079],{"className":40,"code":99078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99080,99081,99099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99082,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99084,36284],{"class":53},[47,99086,58],{"class":57},[47,99088,15828],{"class":1788},[47,99090,99],{"class":98},[47,99092,128],{"class":61},[47,99094,4038],{"class":65},[47,99096,128],{"class":61},[47,99098,106],{"class":98},[47,99100,99101,99103,99105,99107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99102,95],{"class":94},[47,99104,99],{"class":98},[47,99106,36337],{"class":102},[47,99108,106],{"class":98},[20,99110,99111],{},[280,99112,30228],{},[38,99114,99116],{"className":40,"code":99115,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99117,99118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99119,99120,99122,99124,99126,99128,99130,99132,99134,99136,99138,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99121,9470],{"class":98},[47,99123,3493],{"class":61},[47,99125,60623],{"class":65},[47,99127,3493],{"class":61},[47,99129,136],{"class":98},[47,99131,3488],{"class":61},[47,99133,60632],{"class":65},[47,99135,3493],{"class":61},[47,99137,136],{"class":98},[47,99139,3488],{"class":61},[47,99141,60641],{"class":65},[47,99143,3493],{"class":61},[47,99145,136],{"class":98},[47,99147,3488],{"class":61},[47,99149,60658],{"class":65},[47,99151,3493],{"class":61},[47,99153,9500],{"class":98},[20,99155,99156],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[33,99158,99160],{"id":99159},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99162,99163,99164,445],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99165,3989],{},[38,99167,99169],{"className":40,"code":99168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99170,99171,99181,99191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99172,99173,99175,99177,99179],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99174,98213],{"class":53},[47,99176,58],{"class":57},[47,99178,15828],{"class":1788},[47,99180,8836],{"class":98},[47,99182,99183,99185,99187,99189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99184,95],{"class":94},[47,99186,99],{"class":98},[47,99188,98232],{"class":102},[47,99190,106],{"class":98},[47,99192,99193,99195,99197,99199,99201,99203],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,99194,95],{"class":94},[47,99196,99],{"class":98},[47,99198,1922],{"class":1788},[47,99200,99],{"class":98},[47,99202,98232],{"class":102},[47,99204,1796],{"class":98},[20,99206,99207],{},[280,99208,144],{},[38,99210,99212],{"className":40,"code":99211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99213,99214,99220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99215,99216,99218],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99217,6480],{"class":1788},[47,99219,8836],{"class":98},[47,99221,99222,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99223,3482],{"class":57},[47,99225,3485],{"class":2266},[47,99227,3488],{"class":61},[47,99229,6480],{"class":65},[47,99231,3493],{"class":61},[47,99233,3496],{"class":57},[447,99235,44619,99237],{"id":99236},"do-not-use",[15,99238,3984],{},[20,99240,99241,99242,99244],{},"Empty braces do ",[280,99243,4826],{}," create a set.",[38,99246,99248],{"className":40,"code":99247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99249,99250,99258,99268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99251,99252,99254,99256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99253,98157],{"class":53},[47,99255,58],{"class":57},[47,99257,10030],{"class":98},[47,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99261,95],{"class":94},[47,99263,99],{"class":98},[47,99265,98174],{"class":102},[47,99267,106],{"class":98},[47,99269,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,99271,95],{"class":94},[47,99273,99],{"class":98},[47,99275,1922],{"class":1788},[47,99277,99],{"class":98},[47,99279,98174],{"class":102},[47,99281,1796],{"class":98},[20,99283,99284],{},[280,99285,144],{},[38,99287,99289],{"className":40,"code":99288,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99290,99291,99295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99292,99293],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99294,9626],{"class":98},[47,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99298,3482],{"class":57},[47,99300,3485],{"class":2266},[47,99302,3488],{"class":61},[47,99304,9015],{"class":65},[47,99306,3493],{"class":61},[47,99308,3496],{"class":57},[20,99310,99311,8982],{},[15,99312,3984],{},[33,99314,72453],{"id":72452},[20,99316,99317],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99319,99320],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[38,99322,99324],{"className":40,"code":99323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99325,99326,99374,99384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99327,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99329,4263],{"class":53},[47,99331,58],{"class":57},[47,99333,10683],{"class":98},[47,99335,128],{"class":61},[47,99337,4272],{"class":65},[47,99339,128],{"class":61},[47,99341,136],{"class":98},[47,99343,62],{"class":61},[47,99345,4281],{"class":65},[47,99347,128],{"class":61},[47,99349,136],{"class":98},[47,99351,62],{"class":61},[47,99353,4272],{"class":65},[47,99355,128],{"class":61},[47,99357,136],{"class":98},[47,99359,62],{"class":61},[47,99361,4272],{"class":65},[47,99363,128],{"class":61},[47,99365,136],{"class":98},[47,99367,62],{"class":61},[47,99369,33418],{"class":65},[47,99371,128],{"class":61},[47,99373,9500],{"class":98},[47,99375,99376,99378,99380,99382],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99377,95],{"class":94},[47,99379,99],{"class":98},[47,99381,4307],{"class":102},[47,99383,106],{"class":98},[47,99385,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,99387,95],{"class":94},[47,99389,99],{"class":98},[47,99391,11355],{"class":94},[47,99393,99],{"class":98},[47,99395,4307],{"class":102},[47,99397,1796],{"class":98},[20,99399,99400],{},[280,99401,30228],{},[38,99403,99405],{"className":40,"code":99404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99406,99407,99435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99408,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99410,9470],{"class":98},[47,99412,3493],{"class":61},[47,99414,4281],{"class":65},[47,99416,3493],{"class":61},[47,99418,136],{"class":98},[47,99420,3488],{"class":61},[47,99422,33418],{"class":65},[47,99424,3493],{"class":61},[47,99426,136],{"class":98},[47,99428,3488],{"class":61},[47,99430,4272],{"class":65},[47,99432,3493],{"class":61},[47,99434,9500],{"class":98},[47,99436,99437],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99438,46804],{"class":80},[20,99440,99441],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[33,99443,99445],{"id":99444},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99447,99448,99449,99451],{},"Set items must be ",[280,99450,96294],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99453,99454],{},"These usually work:",[187,99456,99457,99459,99461,99463],{},[190,99458,56646],{},[190,99460,56649],{},[190,99462,96306],{},[190,99464,40785],{},[38,99466,99468],{"className":40,"code":99467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99469,99470,99504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99471,99472,99474,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99473,4015],{"class":53},[47,99475,58],{"class":57},[47,99477,10683],{"class":98},[47,99479,1476],{"class":80},[47,99481,136],{"class":98},[47,99483,62],{"class":61},[47,99485,4272],{"class":65},[47,99487,128],{"class":61},[47,99489,136],{"class":98},[47,99491,9428],{"class":98},[47,99493,582],{"class":80},[47,99495,136],{"class":98},[47,99497,7986],{"class":80},[47,99499,9425],{"class":98},[47,99501,4108],{"class":1334},[47,99503,9500],{"class":98},[47,99505,99506,99508,99510,99512],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99507,95],{"class":94},[47,99509,99],{"class":98},[47,99511,5553],{"class":102},[47,99513,106],{"class":98},[20,99515,99516,99517,99519],{},"These do ",[280,99518,4826],{}," work directly:",[187,99521,99522,99524],{},[190,99523,97010],{},[190,99525,97013],{},[38,99527,99529],{"className":40,"code":99528,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99530,99531],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99532,99533,99536,99538,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99534,99535],{"class":53},"bad_set ",[47,99537,58],{"class":57},[47,99539,99540],{"class":98}," {[",[47,99542,1476],{"class":80},[47,99544,136],{"class":98},[47,99546,1562],{"class":80},[47,99548,136],{"class":98},[47,99550,249],{"class":80},[47,99552,13900],{"class":98},[20,99554,99555],{},"This raises an error:",[38,99557,99558],{"className":40,"code":97069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99559,99560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99561,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570,99572,99574,99576],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99563,1707],{"class":1788},[47,99565,420],{"class":98},[47,99567,97080],{"class":53},[47,99569,1922],{"class":1788},[47,99571,420],{"class":98},[47,99573,3488],{"class":61},[47,99575,8288],{"class":65},[47,99577,29898],{"class":61},[20,99579,52265],{},[38,99581,99583],{"className":40,"code":99582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99584,99585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99586,99587,99589,99591,99594,99596,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99588,99535],{"class":53},[47,99590,58],{"class":57},[47,99592,99593],{"class":98}," {{",[47,99595,128],{"class":61},[47,99597,103],{"class":65},[47,99599,128],{"class":61},[47,99601,420],{"class":98},[47,99603,62],{"class":61},[47,99605,7872],{"class":65},[47,99607,128],{"class":61},[47,99609,99610],{"class":98},"}}\n",[20,99612,99613],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[33,99615,99617],{"id":99616},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[447,99619,99621],{"id":99620},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[38,99623,99625],{"className":40,"code":99624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99626,99627,99651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99628,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99630,3810],{"class":53},[47,99632,58],{"class":57},[47,99634,10683],{"class":98},[47,99636,1476],{"class":80},[47,99638,136],{"class":98},[47,99640,1562],{"class":80},[47,99642,136],{"class":98},[47,99644,249],{"class":80},[47,99646,136],{"class":98},[47,99648,393],{"class":80},[47,99650,9500],{"class":98},[47,99652,99653,99655,99657,99659],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99654,95],{"class":94},[47,99656,99],{"class":98},[47,99658,195],{"class":102},[47,99660,106],{"class":98},[447,99662,99664],{"id":99663},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[38,99666,99668],{"className":40,"code":99667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99669,99670,99698,99713,99717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99671,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99673,7975],{"class":53},[47,99675,58],{"class":57},[47,99677,3815],{"class":98},[47,99679,1476],{"class":80},[47,99681,136],{"class":98},[47,99683,1545],{"class":80},[47,99685,136],{"class":98},[47,99687,1562],{"class":80},[47,99689,136],{"class":98},[47,99691,249],{"class":80},[47,99693,136],{"class":98},[47,99695,249],{"class":80},[47,99697,3828],{"class":98},[47,99699,99700,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99701,99702],{"class":53},"unique_items ",[47,99704,58],{"class":57},[47,99706,15828],{"class":1788},[47,99708,99],{"class":98},[47,99710,8006],{"class":102},[47,99712,106],{"class":98},[47,99714,99715],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,99716,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,99718,99719,99721,99723,99726],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,99720,95],{"class":94},[47,99722,99],{"class":98},[47,99724,99725],{"class":102},"unique_items",[47,99727,106],{"class":98},[447,99729,99075],{"id":99730},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[38,99732,99734],{"className":40,"code":99733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99735,99736,99754],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99737,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99739,36284],{"class":53},[47,99741,58],{"class":57},[47,99743,15828],{"class":1788},[47,99745,99],{"class":98},[47,99747,128],{"class":61},[47,99749,4281],{"class":65},[47,99751,128],{"class":61},[47,99753,106],{"class":98},[47,99755,99756,99758,99760,99762],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99757,95],{"class":94},[47,99759,99],{"class":98},[47,99761,36337],{"class":102},[47,99763,106],{"class":98},[447,99765,99767],{"id":99766},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[38,99769,99771],{"className":40,"code":99770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99772,99773,99783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99774,99775,99777,99779,99781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99776,98213],{"class":53},[47,99778,58],{"class":57},[47,99780,15828],{"class":1788},[47,99782,8836],{"class":98},[47,99784,99785,99787,99789,99791],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99786,95],{"class":94},[47,99788,99],{"class":98},[47,99790,98232],{"class":102},[47,99792,106],{"class":98},[33,99794,1595],{"id":1594},[20,99796,99797],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[447,99799,1654,99801,99803],{"id":99800},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99802,3984],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99805,99806],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[38,99808,99810],{"className":40,"code":99809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99811,99812,99820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99813,99814,99816,99818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99815,2644],{"class":53},[47,99817,58],{"class":57},[47,99819,10030],{"class":98},[47,99821,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830,99832],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99823,95],{"class":94},[47,99825,99],{"class":98},[47,99827,1922],{"class":1788},[47,99829,99],{"class":98},[47,99831,2668],{"class":102},[47,99833,1796],{"class":98},[20,99835,99836],{},"This prints:",[38,99838,99839],{"className":40,"code":9002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,99840,99841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99842,99843,99845,99847,99849,99851,99853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99844,3482],{"class":57},[47,99846,3485],{"class":2266},[47,99848,3488],{"class":61},[47,99850,9015],{"class":65},[47,99852,3493],{"class":61},[47,99854,3496],{"class":57},[20,99856,167,99857,6825],{},[15,99858,3989],{},[447,99860,99862],{"id":99861},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99864,99865],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[38,99867,99869],{"className":40,"code":99868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99870,99871,99899],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99872,99873,99875,99877,99879,99881,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99874,3810],{"class":53},[47,99876,58],{"class":57},[47,99878,10683],{"class":98},[47,99880,1476],{"class":80},[47,99882,136],{"class":98},[47,99884,1545],{"class":80},[47,99886,136],{"class":98},[47,99888,1562],{"class":80},[47,99890,136],{"class":98},[47,99892,1562],{"class":80},[47,99894,136],{"class":98},[47,99896,249],{"class":80},[47,99898,9500],{"class":98},[47,99900,99901,99903,99905,99907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99902,95],{"class":94},[47,99904,99],{"class":98},[47,99906,195],{"class":102},[47,99908,106],{"class":98},[20,99910,99911],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[447,99913,99915],{"id":99914},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99917,99918],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99920,99921],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[38,99923,99925],{"className":40,"code":99924,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99926,99927,99947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99928,99929,99931,99933,99935,99937,99939,99941,99943,99945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99930,3810],{"class":53},[47,99932,58],{"class":57},[47,99934,10683],{"class":98},[47,99936,582],{"class":80},[47,99938,136],{"class":98},[47,99940,7986],{"class":80},[47,99942,136],{"class":98},[47,99944,7991],{"class":80},[47,99946,9500],{"class":98},[47,99948,99949],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99950,99951],{"class":3857},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99953,99954],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[447,99956,99958],{"id":99957},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99960,99961],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[38,99963,99965],{"className":40,"code":99964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99966,99967,99972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99968,99969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99970,99971],{"class":3857},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[47,99973,99974],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,99975,99976],{"class":3857},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99978,99979,99980,445],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99981,1707],{},[447,99983,99985],{"id":99984},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99987,99988],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[38,99990,99992],{"className":40,"code":99991,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99993,99994,100014,100046,100050,100064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,99995,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,99997,15823],{"class":53},[47,99999,58],{"class":57},[47,100001,10683],{"class":98},[47,100003,1476],{"class":80},[47,100005,136],{"class":98},[47,100007,1562],{"class":80},[47,100009,136],{"class":98},[47,100011,249],{"class":80},[47,100013,9500],{"class":98},[47,100015,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100017,11920],{"class":53},[47,100019,58],{"class":57},[47,100021,10683],{"class":98},[47,100023,128],{"class":61},[47,100025,594],{"class":65},[47,100027,128],{"class":61},[47,100029,420],{"class":98},[47,100031,1545],{"class":80},[47,100033,136],{"class":98},[47,100035,62],{"class":61},[47,100037,4957],{"class":65},[47,100039,128],{"class":61},[47,100041,420],{"class":98},[47,100043,1562],{"class":80},[47,100045,9500],{"class":98},[47,100047,100048],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,100049,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,100051,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,100053,95],{"class":94},[47,100055,99],{"class":98},[47,100057,1922],{"class":1788},[47,100059,99],{"class":98},[47,100061,15861],{"class":102},[47,100063,1796],{"class":98},[47,100065,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100067,95],{"class":94},[47,100069,99],{"class":98},[47,100071,1922],{"class":1788},[47,100073,99],{"class":98},[47,100075,11644],{"class":102},[47,100077,1796],{"class":98},[33,100079,92706],{"id":92705},[20,100081,100082],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[38,100084,100086],{"className":40,"code":100085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100087,100088,100114,100118,100132,100142,100156,100163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100089,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100091,15823],{"class":53},[47,100093,58],{"class":57},[47,100095,15828],{"class":1788},[47,100097,3178],{"class":98},[47,100099,1476],{"class":80},[47,100101,136],{"class":98},[47,100103,1562],{"class":80},[47,100105,136],{"class":98},[47,100107,1562],{"class":80},[47,100109,136],{"class":98},[47,100111,249],{"class":80},[47,100113,4080],{"class":98},[47,100115,100116],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100117,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,100119,100120,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,100121,95],{"class":94},[47,100123,99],{"class":98},[47,100125,1922],{"class":1788},[47,100127,99],{"class":98},[47,100129,15861],{"class":102},[47,100131,1796],{"class":98},[47,100133,100134,100136,100138,100140],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,100135,95],{"class":94},[47,100137,99],{"class":98},[47,100139,15861],{"class":102},[47,100141,106],{"class":98},[47,100143,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100145,95],{"class":94},[47,100147,99],{"class":98},[47,100149,11355],{"class":94},[47,100151,99],{"class":98},[47,100153,15861],{"class":102},[47,100155,1796],{"class":98},[47,100157,100158,100160],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,100159,95],{"class":94},[47,100161,100162],{"class":98},"({})\n",[47,100164,100165,100167,100169,100171],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,100166,95],{"class":94},[47,100168,99],{"class":98},[47,100170,6480],{"class":1788},[47,100172,7389],{"class":98},[20,100174,100175],{},"Use these to confirm:",[187,100177,100178,100181,100184,100187],{},[190,100179,100180],{},"The object type",[190,100182,100183],{},"The actual values stored",[190,100185,100186],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[190,100188,100189,100190,839,100192],{},"The difference between ",[15,100191,3984],{},[15,100193,3989],{},[33,100195,1969],{"id":1968},[447,100197,100199],{"id":100198},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100201,100202,100203,100206,100207,100209],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100204,100205],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100208,3989],{}," with another iterable.",[447,100211,100213],{"id":100212},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100215,167,100216,100218,100219,100221],{},[15,100217,3989],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100220,3984],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[447,100223,100225],{"id":100224},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100227,100228],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[447,100230,100232],{"id":100231},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100234,100235],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[447,100237,100239],{"id":100238},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100241,100242],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[33,100244,2075],{"id":2074},[187,100246,100247,100251,100257,100263,100268],{},[190,100248,100249],{},[594,100250,96251],{"href":97422},[190,100252,100253],{},[594,100254,13,100255,10934],{"href":98423},[15,100256,96131],{},[190,100258,100259],{},[594,100260,13,100261,10934],{"href":98442},[15,100262,97237],{},[190,100264,100265],{},[594,100266,100267],{"href":99000},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[190,100269,100270],{},[594,100271,100272],{"href":98714},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100274,100275],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2110,100277,100278],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":100280},[100281,100282,100283,100284,100287,100293,100297,100298,100299,100305,100313,100314,100321],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":15356,"depth":72,"text":15357},{"id":98686,"depth":72,"text":98687},{"id":98718,"depth":72,"text":98719,"children":100285},[100286],{"id":98787,"depth":84,"text":98788},{"id":98891,"depth":72,"text":100288,"children":100289},"Create a set with set()",[100290,100291,100292],{"id":98916,"depth":84,"text":98917},{"id":99004,"depth":84,"text":99005},{"id":99074,"depth":84,"text":99075},{"id":99159,"depth":72,"text":99160,"children":100294},[100295],{"id":99236,"depth":84,"text":100296},"Do not use {}",{"id":72452,"depth":72,"text":72453},{"id":99444,"depth":72,"text":99445},{"id":99616,"depth":72,"text":99617,"children":100300},[100301,100302,100303,100304],{"id":99620,"depth":84,"text":99621},{"id":99663,"depth":84,"text":99664},{"id":99730,"depth":84,"text":99075},{"id":99766,"depth":84,"text":99767},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":100306},[100307,100309,100310,100311,100312],{"id":99800,"depth":84,"text":100308},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99861,"depth":84,"text":99862},{"id":99914,"depth":84,"text":99915},{"id":99957,"depth":84,"text":99958},{"id":99984,"depth":84,"text":99985},{"id":92705,"depth":72,"text":92706},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":100315},[100316,100317,100318,100319,100320],{"id":100198,"depth":84,"text":100199},{"id":100212,"depth":84,"text":100213},{"id":100224,"depth":84,"text":100225},{"id":100231,"depth":84,"text":100232},{"id":100238,"depth":84,"text":100239},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98489,"description":100322},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100328,"title":100329,"body":100330,"description":102761,"extension":2167,"meta":102762,"navigation":87,"path":102763,"seo":102764,"stem":102765,"__hash__":102766},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100331,"toc":102726},[100332,100338,100344,100347,100349,100426,100428,100445,100455,100457,100462,100470,100472,100488,100492,100494,100496,100499,100520,100523,100547,100553,100555,100652,100654,100671,100681,100683,100685,100693,100695,100706,100708,100799,100801,100825,100836,100838,100840,100843,100973,100975,101048,101050,101071,101074,101076,101082,101087,101090,101217,101219,101236,101239,101241,101249,101252,101256,101264,101355,101357,101394,101399,101406,101483,101485,101501,101506,101511,101513,101522,101530,101611,101613,101642,101645,101649,101660,101663,101746,101748,101769,101775,101777,101779,101783,101787,101794,101859,101861,101881,101884,101953,101955,101971,101975,101981,101993,102001,102003,102088,102090,102119,102122,102126,102131,102133,102183,102186,102267,102269,102285,102289,102292,102367,102370,102374,102377,102454,102456,102489,102495,102499,102502,102637,102639,102653,102655,102657,102663,102666,102673,102681,102687,102690,102694,102697,102699,102701,102723],[10,100333,96123,100335,11516],{"id":100334},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100336,100337],{},"difference()",[20,100339,100340,100343],{},[15,100341,100342],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100345,100346],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[33,100348,3800],{"id":3799},[38,100350,100352],{"className":40,"code":100351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100353,100354,100378,100398,100416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100355,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374,100376],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100357,2750],{"class":53},[47,100359,58],{"class":57},[47,100361,10683],{"class":98},[47,100363,1476],{"class":80},[47,100365,136],{"class":98},[47,100367,1562],{"class":80},[47,100369,136],{"class":98},[47,100371,249],{"class":80},[47,100373,136],{"class":98},[47,100375,393],{"class":80},[47,100377,9500],{"class":98},[47,100379,100380,100382,100384,100386,100388,100390,100392,100394,100396],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100381,2777],{"class":53},[47,100383,58],{"class":57},[47,100385,10683],{"class":98},[47,100387,2263],{"class":80},[47,100389,136],{"class":98},[47,100391,393],{"class":80},[47,100393,136],{"class":98},[47,100395,4800],{"class":80},[47,100397,9500],{"class":98},[47,100399,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412,100414],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,100401,1290],{"class":53},[47,100403,58],{"class":57},[47,100405,57072],{"class":53},[47,100407,445],{"class":98},[47,100409,3006],{"class":102},[47,100411,99],{"class":98},[47,100413,4957],{"class":102},[47,100415,106],{"class":98},[47,100417,100418,100420,100422,100424],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,100419,95],{"class":94},[47,100421,99],{"class":98},[47,100423,1315],{"class":102},[47,100425,106],{"class":98},[20,100427,144],{},[38,100429,100431],{"className":40,"code":100430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100432,100433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100434,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100436,9470],{"class":98},[47,100438,1476],{"class":80},[47,100440,136],{"class":98},[47,100442,1562],{"class":80},[47,100444,9500],{"class":98},[20,100446,100447,100449,100450,100452,100453,445],{},[15,100448,100337],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100451,594],{}," that are not in ",[15,100454,4957],{},[45107,100456],{},[33,100458,174,100460,177],{"id":100459},"what-difference-does",[15,100461,100337],{},[20,100463,850,100464,100466,100467,100469],{},[15,100465,100337],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[280,100468,4826],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100471,13247],{},[187,100473,100474,100479,100482,100485],{},[190,100475,100476,100478],{},[15,100477,100337],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[190,100480,100481],{},"It creates a new set",[190,100483,100484],{},"It does not change the original set",[190,100486,100487],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100489,96247,100490,445],{},[594,100491,96251],{"href":97422},[45107,100493],{},[33,100495,290],{"id":289},[20,100497,100498],{},"Use this form:",[38,100500,100502],{"className":40,"code":100501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100503,100504],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100505,100506,100509,100511,100513,100515,100518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100507,100508],{"class":53},"set1",[47,100510,445],{"class":98},[47,100512,3006],{"class":102},[47,100514,99],{"class":98},[47,100516,100517],{"class":102},"set2",[47,100519,106],{"class":98},[20,100521,100522],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[38,100524,100526],{"className":40,"code":100525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100527,100528],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100529,100530,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100545],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100531,100508],{"class":53},[47,100533,445],{"class":98},[47,100535,3006],{"class":102},[47,100537,99],{"class":98},[47,100539,100517],{"class":102},[47,100541,136],{"class":98},[47,100543,100544],{"class":102}," set3",[47,100546,106],{"class":98},[20,100548,100549,100550,100552],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[280,100551,5548],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100554,204],{},[38,100556,100558],{"className":40,"code":100557,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100559,100560,100588,100604,100616,100620,100642],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100561,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100563,2750],{"class":53},[47,100565,58],{"class":57},[47,100567,10683],{"class":98},[47,100569,1476],{"class":80},[47,100571,136],{"class":98},[47,100573,1562],{"class":80},[47,100575,136],{"class":98},[47,100577,249],{"class":80},[47,100579,136],{"class":98},[47,100581,393],{"class":80},[47,100583,136],{"class":98},[47,100585,4800],{"class":80},[47,100587,9500],{"class":98},[47,100589,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100591,2777],{"class":53},[47,100593,58],{"class":57},[47,100595,10683],{"class":98},[47,100597,243],{"class":80},[47,100599,136],{"class":98},[47,100601,249],{"class":80},[47,100603,9500],{"class":98},[47,100605,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,100607,83368],{"class":53},[47,100609,58],{"class":57},[47,100611,10683],{"class":98},[47,100613,232],{"class":80},[47,100615,9500],{"class":98},[47,100617,100618],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,100619,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,100621,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100623,1290],{"class":53},[47,100625,58],{"class":57},[47,100627,57072],{"class":53},[47,100629,445],{"class":98},[47,100631,3006],{"class":102},[47,100633,99],{"class":98},[47,100635,4957],{"class":102},[47,100637,136],{"class":98},[47,100639,9873],{"class":102},[47,100641,106],{"class":98},[47,100643,100644,100646,100648,100650],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,100645,95],{"class":94},[47,100647,99],{"class":98},[47,100649,1315],{"class":102},[47,100651,106],{"class":98},[20,100653,144],{},[38,100655,100657],{"className":40,"code":100656,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100658,100659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100660,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100662,9470],{"class":98},[47,100664,1476],{"class":80},[47,100666,136],{"class":98},[47,100668,393],{"class":80},[47,100670,9500],{"class":98},[20,100672,100673,100674,100676,100677,3072,100679,445],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100675,594],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100678,4957],{},[15,100680,9931],{},[45107,100682],{},[33,100684,17615],{"id":17614},[20,100686,100687,100689,100690,445],{},[15,100688,100337],{}," always returns a ",[280,100691,100692],{},"new set",[20,100694,43840],{},[187,100696,100697,100700,100703],{},[190,100698,100699],{},"The return value is a new set",[190,100701,100702],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[190,100704,100705],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100707,204],{},[38,100709,100711],{"className":40,"code":100710,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100712,100713,100729,100749,100753,100771,100775,100785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100714,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100716,2750],{"class":53},[47,100718,58],{"class":57},[47,100720,10683],{"class":98},[47,100722,1476],{"class":80},[47,100724,136],{"class":98},[47,100726,1562],{"class":80},[47,100728,9500],{"class":98},[47,100730,100731,100733,100735,100737,100739,100741,100743,100745,100747],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100732,2777],{"class":53},[47,100734,58],{"class":57},[47,100736,10683],{"class":98},[47,100738,1476],{"class":80},[47,100740,136],{"class":98},[47,100742,1562],{"class":80},[47,100744,136],{"class":98},[47,100746,249],{"class":80},[47,100748,9500],{"class":98},[47,100750,100751],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,100752,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,100754,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765,100767,100769],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,100756,1290],{"class":53},[47,100758,58],{"class":57},[47,100760,57072],{"class":53},[47,100762,445],{"class":98},[47,100764,3006],{"class":102},[47,100766,99],{"class":98},[47,100768,4957],{"class":102},[47,100770,106],{"class":98},[47,100772,100773],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100774,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,100776,100777,100779,100781,100783],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,100778,95],{"class":94},[47,100780,99],{"class":98},[47,100782,1315],{"class":102},[47,100784,106],{"class":98},[47,100786,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,100788,95],{"class":94},[47,100790,99],{"class":98},[47,100792,1922],{"class":1788},[47,100794,99],{"class":98},[47,100796,1315],{"class":102},[47,100798,1796],{"class":98},[20,100800,144],{},[38,100802,100803],{"className":40,"code":99211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,100804,100805,100811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100806,100807,100809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100808,6480],{"class":1788},[47,100810,8836],{"class":98},[47,100812,100813,100815,100817,100819,100821,100823],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100814,3482],{"class":57},[47,100816,3485],{"class":2266},[47,100818,3488],{"class":61},[47,100820,6480],{"class":65},[47,100822,3493],{"class":61},[47,100824,3496],{"class":57},[20,100826,100827,100828,19160,100830,100832,100833,100835],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100829,3989],{},[15,100831,3984],{},". In Python, ",[15,100834,3984],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45107,100837],{},[33,100839,11670],{"id":11669},[20,100841,100842],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[38,100844,100846],{"className":40,"code":100845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100847,100848,100881,100914,100918,100938,100942,100952,100963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100849,100850,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875,100877,100879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100851,100852],{"class":53},"fruits_a ",[47,100854,58],{"class":57},[47,100856,10683],{"class":98},[47,100858,128],{"class":61},[47,100860,4272],{"class":65},[47,100862,128],{"class":61},[47,100864,136],{"class":98},[47,100866,62],{"class":61},[47,100868,4281],{"class":65},[47,100870,128],{"class":61},[47,100872,136],{"class":98},[47,100874,62],{"class":61},[47,100876,33418],{"class":65},[47,100878,128],{"class":61},[47,100880,9500],{"class":98},[47,100882,100883,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100884,100885],{"class":53},"fruits_b ",[47,100887,58],{"class":57},[47,100889,10683],{"class":98},[47,100891,128],{"class":61},[47,100893,4281],{"class":65},[47,100895,128],{"class":61},[47,100897,136],{"class":98},[47,100899,62],{"class":61},[47,100901,33418],{"class":65},[47,100903,128],{"class":61},[47,100905,136],{"class":98},[47,100907,62],{"class":61},[47,100909,22730],{"class":65},[47,100911,128],{"class":61},[47,100913,9500],{"class":98},[47,100915,100916],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,100917,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,100919,100920,100922,100924,100927,100929,100931,100933,100936],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,100921,1290],{"class":53},[47,100923,58],{"class":57},[47,100925,100926],{"class":53}," fruits_a",[47,100928,445],{"class":98},[47,100930,3006],{"class":102},[47,100932,99],{"class":98},[47,100934,100935],{"class":102},"fruits_b",[47,100937,106],{"class":98},[47,100939,100940],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,100941,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,100943,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,100945,95],{"class":94},[47,100947,99],{"class":98},[47,100949,1315],{"class":102},[47,100951,106],{"class":98},[47,100953,100954,100956,100958,100961],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,100955,95],{"class":94},[47,100957,99],{"class":98},[47,100959,100960],{"class":102},"fruits_a",[47,100962,106],{"class":98},[47,100964,100965,100967,100969,100971],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,100966,95],{"class":94},[47,100968,99],{"class":98},[47,100970,100935],{"class":102},[47,100972,106],{"class":98},[20,100974,30228],{},[38,100976,100978],{"className":40,"code":100977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100979,100980,100992,101020],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,100981,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,100983,9470],{"class":98},[47,100985,3493],{"class":61},[47,100987,4272],{"class":65},[47,100989,3493],{"class":61},[47,100991,9500],{"class":98},[47,100993,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002,101004,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,100995,9470],{"class":98},[47,100997,3493],{"class":61},[47,100999,4281],{"class":65},[47,101001,3493],{"class":61},[47,101003,136],{"class":98},[47,101005,3488],{"class":61},[47,101007,33418],{"class":65},[47,101009,3493],{"class":61},[47,101011,136],{"class":98},[47,101013,3488],{"class":61},[47,101015,4272],{"class":65},[47,101017,3493],{"class":61},[47,101019,9500],{"class":98},[47,101021,101022,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101023,9470],{"class":98},[47,101025,3493],{"class":61},[47,101027,4281],{"class":65},[47,101029,3493],{"class":61},[47,101031,136],{"class":98},[47,101033,3488],{"class":61},[47,101035,33418],{"class":65},[47,101037,3493],{"class":61},[47,101039,136],{"class":98},[47,101041,3488],{"class":61},[47,101043,22730],{"class":65},[47,101045,3493],{"class":61},[47,101047,9500],{"class":98},[20,101049,11879],{},[187,101051,101052,101057,101062,101068],{},[190,101053,101054,101055],{},"Start with ",[15,101056,100960],{},[190,101058,101059,101060],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101061,100935],{},[190,101063,101064,101065,101067],{},"Only ",[15,101066,58017],{}," remains",[190,101069,101070],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101072,101073],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45107,101075],{},[33,101077,1654,101079,101081],{"id":101078},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101080,100337],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101083,101084,101085,445],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101086,100337],{},[20,101088,101089],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[38,101091,101093],{"className":40,"code":101092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101094,101095,101127,101144,101157,101174,101178,101207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101096,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101098,3810],{"class":53},[47,101100,58],{"class":57},[47,101102,10683],{"class":98},[47,101104,1476],{"class":80},[47,101106,136],{"class":98},[47,101108,1562],{"class":80},[47,101110,136],{"class":98},[47,101112,249],{"class":80},[47,101114,136],{"class":98},[47,101116,393],{"class":80},[47,101118,136],{"class":98},[47,101120,4800],{"class":80},[47,101122,136],{"class":98},[47,101124,398],{"class":80},[47,101126,9500],{"class":98},[47,101128,101129,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140,101142],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101130,101131],{"class":53},"group_a ",[47,101133,58],{"class":57},[47,101135,10683],{"class":98},[47,101137,243],{"class":80},[47,101139,136],{"class":98},[47,101141,393],{"class":80},[47,101143,9500],{"class":98},[47,101145,101146,101149,101151,101153,101155],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101147,101148],{"class":53},"group_b ",[47,101150,58],{"class":57},[47,101152,10683],{"class":98},[47,101154,232],{"class":80},[47,101156,9500],{"class":98},[47,101158,101159,101162,101164,101166,101168,101170,101172],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,101160,101161],{"class":53},"group_c ",[47,101163,58],{"class":57},[47,101165,10683],{"class":98},[47,101167,80777],{"class":80},[47,101169,136],{"class":98},[47,101171,6188],{"class":80},[47,101173,9500],{"class":98},[47,101175,101176],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101177,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101179,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101195,101197,101200,101202,101205],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,101181,1290],{"class":53},[47,101183,58],{"class":57},[47,101185,4457],{"class":53},[47,101187,445],{"class":98},[47,101189,3006],{"class":102},[47,101191,99],{"class":98},[47,101193,101194],{"class":102},"group_a",[47,101196,136],{"class":98},[47,101198,101199],{"class":102}," group_b",[47,101201,136],{"class":98},[47,101203,101204],{"class":102}," group_c",[47,101206,106],{"class":98},[47,101208,101209,101211,101213,101215],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,101210,95],{"class":94},[47,101212,99],{"class":98},[47,101214,1315],{"class":102},[47,101216,106],{"class":98},[20,101218,144],{},[38,101220,101222],{"className":40,"code":101221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101223,101224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101225,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101227,9470],{"class":98},[47,101229,1476],{"class":80},[47,101231,136],{"class":98},[47,101233,249],{"class":80},[47,101235,9500],{"class":98},[20,101237,101238],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45107,101240],{},[33,101242,101244,10778,101246],{"id":101243},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101245,100337],{},[15,101247,101248],{},"difference_update()",[20,101250,101251],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[447,101253,101254],{"id":3006},[15,101255,100337],{},[187,101257,101258,101261],{},[190,101259,101260],{},"Returns a new set",[190,101262,101263],{},"Does not change the original set",[38,101265,101267],{"className":40,"code":101266,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101268,101269,101293,101309,101313,101331,101335,101345],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101270,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101272,2750],{"class":53},[47,101274,58],{"class":57},[47,101276,10683],{"class":98},[47,101278,1476],{"class":80},[47,101280,136],{"class":98},[47,101282,1562],{"class":80},[47,101284,136],{"class":98},[47,101286,249],{"class":80},[47,101288,136],{"class":98},[47,101290,393],{"class":80},[47,101292,9500],{"class":98},[47,101294,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101296,2777],{"class":53},[47,101298,58],{"class":57},[47,101300,10683],{"class":98},[47,101302,2263],{"class":80},[47,101304,136],{"class":98},[47,101306,393],{"class":80},[47,101308,9500],{"class":98},[47,101310,101311],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101312,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101314,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,101316,1290],{"class":53},[47,101318,58],{"class":57},[47,101320,57072],{"class":53},[47,101322,445],{"class":98},[47,101324,3006],{"class":102},[47,101326,99],{"class":98},[47,101328,4957],{"class":102},[47,101330,106],{"class":98},[47,101332,101333],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101334,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101336,101337,101339,101341,101343],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,101338,95],{"class":94},[47,101340,99],{"class":98},[47,101342,1315],{"class":102},[47,101344,106],{"class":98},[47,101346,101347,101349,101351,101353],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,101348,95],{"class":94},[47,101350,99],{"class":98},[47,101352,594],{"class":102},[47,101354,106],{"class":98},[20,101356,144],{},[38,101358,101360],{"className":40,"code":101359,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101361,101362,101374],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101363,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101365,9470],{"class":98},[47,101367,1476],{"class":80},[47,101369,136],{"class":98},[47,101371,1562],{"class":80},[47,101373,9500],{"class":98},[47,101375,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101377,9470],{"class":98},[47,101379,1476],{"class":80},[47,101381,136],{"class":98},[47,101383,1562],{"class":80},[47,101385,136],{"class":98},[47,101387,249],{"class":80},[47,101389,136],{"class":98},[47,101391,393],{"class":80},[47,101393,9500],{"class":98},[447,101395,101397],{"id":101396},"difference_update",[15,101398,101248],{},[187,101400,101401,101404],{},[190,101402,101403],{},"Changes the original set",[190,101405,96241],{},[38,101407,101409],{"className":40,"code":101408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101410,101411,101435,101451,101455,101469,101473],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101412,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101414,2750],{"class":53},[47,101416,58],{"class":57},[47,101418,10683],{"class":98},[47,101420,1476],{"class":80},[47,101422,136],{"class":98},[47,101424,1562],{"class":80},[47,101426,136],{"class":98},[47,101428,249],{"class":80},[47,101430,136],{"class":98},[47,101432,393],{"class":80},[47,101434,9500],{"class":98},[47,101436,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101438,2777],{"class":53},[47,101440,58],{"class":57},[47,101442,10683],{"class":98},[47,101444,2263],{"class":80},[47,101446,136],{"class":98},[47,101448,393],{"class":80},[47,101450,9500],{"class":98},[47,101452,101453],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101454,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101456,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,101458,594],{"class":53},[47,101460,445],{"class":98},[47,101462,101396],{"class":102},[47,101464,99],{"class":98},[47,101466,4957],{"class":102},[47,101468,106],{"class":98},[47,101470,101471],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101472,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101474,101475,101477,101479,101481],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,101476,95],{"class":94},[47,101478,99],{"class":98},[47,101480,594],{"class":102},[47,101482,106],{"class":98},[20,101484,144],{},[38,101486,101487],{"className":40,"code":100430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101488,101489],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101490,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101492,9470],{"class":98},[47,101494,1476],{"class":80},[47,101496,136],{"class":98},[47,101498,1562],{"class":80},[47,101500,9500],{"class":98},[20,101502,167,101503,101505],{},[15,101504,100337],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101507,101508,101509,33798],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101510,101248],{},[45107,101512],{},[33,101514,101516,101518,101519,101521],{"id":101515},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101517,100337],{}," vs the ",[15,101520,1033],{}," operator",[20,101523,850,101524,101526,101527,101529],{},[15,101525,1033],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101528,100337],{}," for two sets.",[38,101531,101533],{"className":40,"code":101532,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101534,101535,101559,101575,101579,101597],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101536,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551,101553,101555,101557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101538,2750],{"class":53},[47,101540,58],{"class":57},[47,101542,10683],{"class":98},[47,101544,1476],{"class":80},[47,101546,136],{"class":98},[47,101548,1562],{"class":80},[47,101550,136],{"class":98},[47,101552,249],{"class":80},[47,101554,136],{"class":98},[47,101556,393],{"class":80},[47,101558,9500],{"class":98},[47,101560,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101562,2777],{"class":53},[47,101564,58],{"class":57},[47,101566,10683],{"class":98},[47,101568,2263],{"class":80},[47,101570,136],{"class":98},[47,101572,393],{"class":80},[47,101574,9500],{"class":98},[47,101576,101577],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101578,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101580,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,101582,95],{"class":94},[47,101584,99],{"class":98},[47,101586,594],{"class":102},[47,101588,445],{"class":98},[47,101590,3006],{"class":102},[47,101592,99],{"class":98},[47,101594,4957],{"class":102},[47,101596,1796],{"class":98},[47,101598,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101600,95],{"class":94},[47,101602,99],{"class":98},[47,101604,2750],{"class":102},[47,101606,1033],{"class":57},[47,101608,2755],{"class":102},[47,101610,106],{"class":98},[20,101612,144],{},[38,101614,101616],{"className":40,"code":101615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101617,101618,101630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101619,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101621,9470],{"class":98},[47,101623,1476],{"class":80},[47,101625,136],{"class":98},[47,101627,1562],{"class":80},[47,101629,9500],{"class":98},[47,101631,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101633,9470],{"class":98},[47,101635,1476],{"class":80},[47,101637,136],{"class":98},[47,101639,1562],{"class":80},[47,101641,9500],{"class":98},[20,101643,101644],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101646,94511,101647,2009],{},[15,101648,100337],{},[187,101650,101651,101654,101657],{},[190,101652,101653],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[190,101655,101656],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[190,101658,101659],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101661,101662],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[38,101664,101666],{"className":40,"code":101665,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101667,101668,101696,101708,101720,101724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101669,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101671,2750],{"class":53},[47,101673,58],{"class":57},[47,101675,10683],{"class":98},[47,101677,1476],{"class":80},[47,101679,136],{"class":98},[47,101681,1562],{"class":80},[47,101683,136],{"class":98},[47,101685,249],{"class":80},[47,101687,136],{"class":98},[47,101689,393],{"class":80},[47,101691,136],{"class":98},[47,101693,4800],{"class":80},[47,101695,9500],{"class":98},[47,101697,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101699,2777],{"class":53},[47,101701,58],{"class":57},[47,101703,10683],{"class":98},[47,101705,243],{"class":80},[47,101707,9500],{"class":98},[47,101709,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101711,83368],{"class":53},[47,101713,58],{"class":57},[47,101715,10683],{"class":98},[47,101717,2700],{"class":80},[47,101719,9500],{"class":98},[47,101721,101722],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,101723,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101725,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101727,95],{"class":94},[47,101729,99],{"class":98},[47,101731,594],{"class":102},[47,101733,445],{"class":98},[47,101735,3006],{"class":102},[47,101737,99],{"class":98},[47,101739,4957],{"class":102},[47,101741,136],{"class":98},[47,101743,9873],{"class":102},[47,101745,1796],{"class":98},[20,101747,144],{},[38,101749,101751],{"className":40,"code":101750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101752,101753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101754,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101756,9470],{"class":98},[47,101758,1476],{"class":80},[47,101760,136],{"class":98},[47,101762,249],{"class":80},[47,101764,136],{"class":98},[47,101766,4800],{"class":80},[47,101768,9500],{"class":98},[20,101770,101771,101772,101774],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101773,1033],{}," operator expression.",[45107,101776],{},[33,101778,4713],{"id":4712},[20,101780,21409,101781,445],{},[15,101782,100337],{},[447,101784,101786],{"id":101785},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101788,4823,101789,101791,101792,420],{},[280,101790,4826],{}," change ",[15,101793,594],{},[38,101795,101797],{"className":40,"code":101796,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101798,101799,101819,101831,101835,101849],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101800,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101802,2750],{"class":53},[47,101804,58],{"class":57},[47,101806,10683],{"class":98},[47,101808,1476],{"class":80},[47,101810,136],{"class":98},[47,101812,1562],{"class":80},[47,101814,136],{"class":98},[47,101816,249],{"class":80},[47,101818,9500],{"class":98},[47,101820,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101822,2777],{"class":53},[47,101824,58],{"class":57},[47,101826,10683],{"class":98},[47,101828,2263],{"class":80},[47,101830,9500],{"class":98},[47,101832,101833],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101834,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,101838,594],{"class":53},[47,101840,445],{"class":98},[47,101842,3006],{"class":102},[47,101844,99],{"class":98},[47,101846,4957],{"class":102},[47,101848,106],{"class":98},[47,101850,101851,101853,101855,101857],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101852,95],{"class":94},[47,101854,99],{"class":98},[47,101856,594],{"class":102},[47,101858,106],{"class":98},[20,101860,144],{},[38,101862,101863],{"className":40,"code":96530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101864,101865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101866,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101868,9470],{"class":98},[47,101870,1476],{"class":80},[47,101872,136],{"class":98},[47,101874,1562],{"class":80},[47,101876,136],{"class":98},[47,101878,249],{"class":80},[47,101880,9500],{"class":98},[20,101882,101883],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[38,101885,101887],{"className":40,"code":101886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101888,101889,101909,101921,101925,101943],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101890,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101892,2750],{"class":53},[47,101894,58],{"class":57},[47,101896,10683],{"class":98},[47,101898,1476],{"class":80},[47,101900,136],{"class":98},[47,101902,1562],{"class":80},[47,101904,136],{"class":98},[47,101906,249],{"class":80},[47,101908,9500],{"class":98},[47,101910,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,101912,2777],{"class":53},[47,101914,58],{"class":57},[47,101916,10683],{"class":98},[47,101918,2263],{"class":80},[47,101920,9500],{"class":98},[47,101922,101923],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,101924,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,101926,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101939,101941],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,101928,2750],{"class":53},[47,101930,58],{"class":57},[47,101932,57072],{"class":53},[47,101934,445],{"class":98},[47,101936,3006],{"class":102},[47,101938,99],{"class":98},[47,101940,4957],{"class":102},[47,101942,106],{"class":98},[47,101944,101945,101947,101949,101951],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,101946,95],{"class":94},[47,101948,99],{"class":98},[47,101950,594],{"class":102},[47,101952,106],{"class":98},[20,101954,144],{},[38,101956,101957],{"className":40,"code":100430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,101958,101959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,101960,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,101962,9470],{"class":98},[47,101964,1476],{"class":80},[47,101966,136],{"class":98},[47,101968,1562],{"class":80},[47,101970,9500],{"class":98},[447,101972,101974],{"id":101973},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101976,101977,101980],{},[15,101978,101979],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[187,101982,101983,101988],{},[190,101984,101985,101986],{},"keep items from ",[15,101987,594],{},[190,101989,101990,101991],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101992,4957],{},[20,101994,41096,101995,101997,101998,102000],{},[280,101996,4826],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101999,4957],{},"”.",[20,102002,204],{},[38,102004,102006],{"className":40,"code":102005,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102007,102008,102028,102048,102052,102070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102009,102010,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102011,2750],{"class":53},[47,102013,58],{"class":57},[47,102015,10683],{"class":98},[47,102017,1476],{"class":80},[47,102019,136],{"class":98},[47,102021,1562],{"class":80},[47,102023,136],{"class":98},[47,102025,249],{"class":80},[47,102027,9500],{"class":98},[47,102029,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102031,2777],{"class":53},[47,102033,58],{"class":57},[47,102035,10683],{"class":98},[47,102037,2263],{"class":80},[47,102039,136],{"class":98},[47,102041,393],{"class":80},[47,102043,136],{"class":98},[47,102045,4800],{"class":80},[47,102047,9500],{"class":98},[47,102049,102050],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,102051,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,102053,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,102055,95],{"class":94},[47,102057,99],{"class":98},[47,102059,594],{"class":102},[47,102061,445],{"class":98},[47,102063,3006],{"class":102},[47,102065,99],{"class":98},[47,102067,4957],{"class":102},[47,102069,1796],{"class":98},[47,102071,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102073,95],{"class":94},[47,102075,99],{"class":98},[47,102077,4957],{"class":102},[47,102079,445],{"class":98},[47,102081,3006],{"class":102},[47,102083,99],{"class":98},[47,102085,594],{"class":102},[47,102087,1796],{"class":98},[20,102089,144],{},[38,102091,102093],{"className":40,"code":102092,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102094,102095,102107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102096,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102098,9470],{"class":98},[47,102100,1476],{"class":80},[47,102102,136],{"class":98},[47,102104,1562],{"class":80},[47,102106,9500],{"class":98},[47,102108,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102110,9470],{"class":98},[47,102112,2700],{"class":80},[47,102114,136],{"class":98},[47,102116,4800],{"class":80},[47,102118,9500],{"class":98},[20,102120,102121],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[447,102123,102125],{"id":102124},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102127,102128,102130],{},[15,102129,100337],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102132,55503],{},[38,102134,102136],{"className":40,"code":102135,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102137,102138,102158,102174,102178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102139,102140,102142,102144,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102141,2750],{"class":53},[47,102143,58],{"class":57},[47,102145,3815],{"class":98},[47,102147,1476],{"class":80},[47,102149,136],{"class":98},[47,102151,1562],{"class":80},[47,102153,136],{"class":98},[47,102155,249],{"class":80},[47,102157,3828],{"class":98},[47,102159,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102161,2777],{"class":53},[47,102163,58],{"class":57},[47,102165,3815],{"class":98},[47,102167,2263],{"class":80},[47,102169,136],{"class":98},[47,102171,393],{"class":80},[47,102173,3828],{"class":98},[47,102175,102176],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,102177,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,102179,102180],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,102181,102182],{"class":3857},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102184,102185],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[38,102187,102189],{"className":40,"code":102188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102190,102191,102211,102227,102231,102257],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102192,102193,102195,102197,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102194,2750],{"class":53},[47,102196,58],{"class":57},[47,102198,3815],{"class":98},[47,102200,1476],{"class":80},[47,102202,136],{"class":98},[47,102204,1562],{"class":80},[47,102206,136],{"class":98},[47,102208,249],{"class":80},[47,102210,3828],{"class":98},[47,102212,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102214,2777],{"class":53},[47,102216,58],{"class":57},[47,102218,3815],{"class":98},[47,102220,2263],{"class":80},[47,102222,136],{"class":98},[47,102224,393],{"class":80},[47,102226,3828],{"class":98},[47,102228,102229],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,102230,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,102232,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,102234,1290],{"class":53},[47,102236,58],{"class":57},[47,102238,15828],{"class":1788},[47,102240,99],{"class":98},[47,102242,594],{"class":102},[47,102244,8824],{"class":98},[47,102246,3006],{"class":102},[47,102248,99],{"class":98},[47,102250,6480],{"class":1788},[47,102252,99],{"class":98},[47,102254,4957],{"class":102},[47,102256,1796],{"class":98},[47,102258,102259,102261,102263,102265],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102260,95],{"class":94},[47,102262,99],{"class":98},[47,102264,1315],{"class":102},[47,102266,106],{"class":98},[20,102268,144],{},[38,102270,102271],{"className":40,"code":100430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,102272,102273],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102274,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102276,9470],{"class":98},[47,102278,1476],{"class":80},[47,102280,136],{"class":98},[47,102282,1562],{"class":80},[47,102284,9500],{"class":98},[447,102286,102288],{"id":102287},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102290,102291],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[38,102293,102295],{"className":40,"code":102294,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102296,102297,102329,102345,102349],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102298,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102300,2750],{"class":53},[47,102302,58],{"class":57},[47,102304,10683],{"class":98},[47,102306,128],{"class":61},[47,102308,37239],{"class":65},[47,102310,128],{"class":61},[47,102312,136],{"class":98},[47,102314,62],{"class":61},[47,102316,58311],{"class":65},[47,102318,128],{"class":61},[47,102320,136],{"class":98},[47,102322,62],{"class":61},[47,102324,58328],{"class":65},[47,102326,128],{"class":61},[47,102328,9500],{"class":98},[47,102330,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341,102343],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102332,2777],{"class":53},[47,102334,58],{"class":57},[47,102336,10683],{"class":98},[47,102338,128],{"class":61},[47,102340,58311],{"class":65},[47,102342,128],{"class":61},[47,102344,9500],{"class":98},[47,102346,102347],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,102348,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,102350,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,102352,95],{"class":94},[47,102354,99],{"class":98},[47,102356,594],{"class":102},[47,102358,445],{"class":98},[47,102360,3006],{"class":102},[47,102362,99],{"class":98},[47,102364,4957],{"class":102},[47,102366,1796],{"class":98},[20,102368,102369],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[447,102371,102373],{"id":102372},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102375,102376],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,102378,102380],{"className":40,"code":102379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102381,102382,102410,102422,102426,102436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102383,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102385,2750],{"class":53},[47,102387,58],{"class":57},[47,102389,10683],{"class":98},[47,102391,1476],{"class":80},[47,102393,136],{"class":98},[47,102395,1545],{"class":80},[47,102397,136],{"class":98},[47,102399,1562],{"class":80},[47,102401,136],{"class":98},[47,102403,1562],{"class":80},[47,102405,136],{"class":98},[47,102407,249],{"class":80},[47,102409,9500],{"class":98},[47,102411,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102413,2777],{"class":53},[47,102415,58],{"class":57},[47,102417,10683],{"class":98},[47,102419,2263],{"class":80},[47,102421,9500],{"class":98},[47,102423,102424],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,102425,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,102427,102428,102430,102432,102434],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,102429,95],{"class":94},[47,102431,99],{"class":98},[47,102433,594],{"class":102},[47,102435,106],{"class":98},[47,102437,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102439,95],{"class":94},[47,102441,99],{"class":98},[47,102443,594],{"class":102},[47,102445,445],{"class":98},[47,102447,3006],{"class":102},[47,102449,99],{"class":98},[47,102451,4957],{"class":102},[47,102453,1796],{"class":98},[20,102455,144],{},[38,102457,102459],{"className":40,"code":102458,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102460,102461,102477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102462,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102464,9470],{"class":98},[47,102466,1476],{"class":80},[47,102468,136],{"class":98},[47,102470,1562],{"class":80},[47,102472,136],{"class":98},[47,102474,249],{"class":80},[47,102476,9500],{"class":98},[47,102478,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102480,9470],{"class":98},[47,102482,1476],{"class":80},[47,102484,136],{"class":98},[47,102486,1562],{"class":80},[47,102488,9500],{"class":98},[20,102490,102491,102492,102494],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102493,100337],{}," runs.",[447,102496,102498],{"id":102497},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102500,102501],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[38,102503,102505],{"className":40,"code":102504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102506,102507,102531,102551,102555,102565,102575,102593,102615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102508,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102510,2750],{"class":53},[47,102512,58],{"class":57},[47,102514,10683],{"class":98},[47,102516,1476],{"class":80},[47,102518,136],{"class":98},[47,102520,1562],{"class":80},[47,102522,136],{"class":98},[47,102524,249],{"class":80},[47,102526,136],{"class":98},[47,102528,393],{"class":80},[47,102530,9500],{"class":98},[47,102532,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102534,2777],{"class":53},[47,102536,58],{"class":57},[47,102538,10683],{"class":98},[47,102540,2263],{"class":80},[47,102542,136],{"class":98},[47,102544,393],{"class":80},[47,102546,136],{"class":98},[47,102548,4800],{"class":80},[47,102550,9500],{"class":98},[47,102552,102553],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,102554,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,102556,102557,102559,102561,102563],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,102558,95],{"class":94},[47,102560,99],{"class":98},[47,102562,594],{"class":102},[47,102564,106],{"class":98},[47,102566,102567,102569,102571,102573],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102568,95],{"class":94},[47,102570,99],{"class":98},[47,102572,4957],{"class":102},[47,102574,106],{"class":98},[47,102576,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,102578,95],{"class":94},[47,102580,99],{"class":98},[47,102582,594],{"class":102},[47,102584,445],{"class":98},[47,102586,3006],{"class":102},[47,102588,99],{"class":98},[47,102590,4957],{"class":102},[47,102592,1796],{"class":98},[47,102594,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,102596,95],{"class":94},[47,102598,99],{"class":98},[47,102600,1922],{"class":1788},[47,102602,99],{"class":98},[47,102604,594],{"class":102},[47,102606,445],{"class":98},[47,102608,3006],{"class":102},[47,102610,99],{"class":98},[47,102612,4957],{"class":102},[47,102614,3106],{"class":98},[47,102616,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,102618,95],{"class":94},[47,102620,99],{"class":98},[47,102622,11355],{"class":94},[47,102624,99],{"class":98},[47,102626,594],{"class":102},[47,102628,445],{"class":98},[47,102630,3006],{"class":102},[47,102632,99],{"class":98},[47,102634,4957],{"class":102},[47,102636,3106],{"class":98},[20,102638,11364],{},[187,102640,102641,102644,102647,102650],{},[190,102642,102643],{},"what is in each set",[190,102645,102646],{},"what result Python creates",[190,102648,102649],{},"that the result is a set",[190,102651,102652],{},"how many items remain",[45107,102654],{},[33,102656,1969],{"id":1968},[447,102658,1973,102660,102662],{"id":102659},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102661,100337],{}," change the original set?",[20,102664,102665],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[447,102667,2055,102669,839,102671,2009],{"id":102668},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102670,100337],{},[15,102672,101248],{},[20,102674,102675,102677,102678,102680],{},[15,102676,100337],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102679,101248],{}," modifies the original set.",[447,102682,28528,102684,102686],{"id":102683},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102685,100337],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102688,102689],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[447,102691,102693],{"id":102692},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102695,102696],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45107,102698],{},[33,102700,2075],{"id":2074},[187,102702,102703,102707,102715],{},[190,102704,102705],{},[594,102706,96251],{"href":97422},[190,102708,102709],{},[594,102710,96737,102712,10934],{"href":102711},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102713,102714],{},"intersection()",[190,102716,102717],{},[594,102718,96737,102720,10934],{"href":102719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102721,102722],{},"union()",[2110,102724,102725],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":102727},[102728,102729,102731,102732,102733,102734,102736,102741,102743,102751,102760],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":100459,"depth":72,"text":102730},"What difference() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":101078,"depth":72,"text":102735},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101243,"depth":72,"text":102737,"children":102738},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102739,102740],{"id":3006,"depth":84,"text":100337},{"id":101396,"depth":84,"text":101248},{"id":101515,"depth":72,"text":102742},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":102744},[102745,102746,102747,102748,102749,102750],{"id":101785,"depth":84,"text":101786},{"id":101973,"depth":84,"text":101974},{"id":102124,"depth":84,"text":102125},{"id":102287,"depth":84,"text":102288},{"id":102372,"depth":84,"text":102373},{"id":102497,"depth":84,"text":102498},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":102752},[102753,102755,102757,102759],{"id":102659,"depth":84,"text":102754},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102668,"depth":84,"text":102756},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102683,"depth":84,"text":102758},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102692,"depth":84,"text":102693},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100329,"description":102761},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102768,"title":102769,"body":102770,"description":104465,"extension":2167,"meta":104466,"navigation":87,"path":104467,"seo":104468,"stem":104469,"__hash__":104470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102771,"toc":104427},[102772,102778,102784,102797,102799,102900,102902,102947,102952,102957,102961,102975,102978,102986,102988,103007,103025,103029,103082,103084,103105,103112,103117,103144,103151,103250,103252,103289,103297,103301,103307,103310,103383,103385,103393,103398,103467,103469,103494,103496,103499,103602,103604,103665,103668,103672,103678,103751,103753,103786,103789,103792,103832,103838,103861,103866,103870,103881,103884,103886,103890,103896,103898,103955,103965,103967,104020,104027,104032,104100,104108,104114,104118,104120,104159,104164,104213,104217,104220,104222,104261,104264,104266,104271,104328,104330,104344,104346,104350,104356,104361,104366,104373,104384,104390,104395,104397,104424],[10,102773,96123,102775,11516],{"id":102774},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102776,102777],{},"discard()",[20,102779,102780,102783],{},[15,102781,102782],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102785,102786,102787,2390,102792,14248,102794,102796],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[594,102788,102789],{"href":98132},[15,102790,102791],{},"set.remove()",[15,102793,102777],{},[280,102795,4826],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[33,102798,36],{"id":35},[38,102800,102802],{"className":40,"code":102801,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102803,102804,102836,102855,102865,102869,102890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102805,102806,102808,102810,102812,102814,102816,102818,102820,102822,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102807,13271],{"class":53},[47,102809,58],{"class":57},[47,102811,10683],{"class":98},[47,102813,128],{"class":61},[47,102815,876],{"class":65},[47,102817,128],{"class":61},[47,102819,136],{"class":98},[47,102821,62],{"class":61},[47,102823,894],{"class":65},[47,102825,128],{"class":61},[47,102827,136],{"class":98},[47,102829,62],{"class":61},[47,102831,885],{"class":65},[47,102833,128],{"class":61},[47,102835,9500],{"class":98},[47,102837,102838,102840,102842,102845,102847,102849,102851,102853],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102839,17698],{"class":53},[47,102841,445],{"class":98},[47,102843,102844],{"class":102},"discard",[47,102846,99],{"class":98},[47,102848,128],{"class":61},[47,102850,894],{"class":65},[47,102852,128],{"class":61},[47,102854,106],{"class":98},[47,102856,102857,102859,102861,102863],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,102858,95],{"class":94},[47,102860,99],{"class":98},[47,102862,17698],{"class":102},[47,102864,106],{"class":98},[47,102866,102867],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,102868,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,102870,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879,102881,102883,102885,102887],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,102872,17698],{"class":53},[47,102874,445],{"class":98},[47,102876,102844],{"class":102},[47,102878,99],{"class":98},[47,102880,128],{"class":61},[47,102882,22721],{"class":65},[47,102884,128],{"class":61},[47,102886,3854],{"class":98},[47,102888,102889],{"class":3857},"  # no error if missing\n",[47,102891,102892,102894,102896,102898],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,102893,95],{"class":94},[47,102895,99],{"class":98},[47,102897,17698],{"class":102},[47,102899,106],{"class":98},[20,102901,30228],{},[38,102903,102905],{"className":40,"code":102904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102906,102907,102927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102908,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102910,9470],{"class":98},[47,102912,3493],{"class":61},[47,102914,876],{"class":65},[47,102916,3493],{"class":61},[47,102918,136],{"class":98},[47,102920,3488],{"class":61},[47,102922,885],{"class":65},[47,102924,3493],{"class":61},[47,102926,9500],{"class":98},[47,102928,102929,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,102930,9470],{"class":98},[47,102932,3493],{"class":61},[47,102934,876],{"class":65},[47,102936,3493],{"class":61},[47,102938,136],{"class":98},[47,102940,3488],{"class":61},[47,102942,885],{"class":65},[47,102944,3493],{"class":61},[47,102946,9500],{"class":98},[20,102948,167,102949,102951],{},[15,102950,102777],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[33,102953,174,102955,177],{"id":102954},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102956,102782],{},[20,102958,102959,420],{},[15,102960,102777],{},[187,102962,102963,102966,102969,102971],{},[190,102964,102965],{},"Removes one item from a set",[190,102967,102968],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[190,102970,96238],{},[190,102972,11618,102973],{},[15,102974,285],{},[20,102976,102977],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102979,96247,102980,3072,102983,445],{},[594,102981,102982],{"href":98714},"what a set is in Python",[594,102984,102985],{"href":97806},"how to create a set",[33,102987,290],{"id":289},[38,102989,102991],{"className":40,"code":102990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102992,102993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,102994,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,102996,15861],{"class":53},[47,102998,445],{"class":98},[47,103000,102844],{"class":102},[47,103002,99],{"class":98},[47,103004,2668],{"class":102},[47,103006,106],{"class":98},[187,103008,103009,103014,103019,103022],{},[190,103010,103011,103013],{},[15,103012,15861],{}," is the set you want to change",[190,103015,103016,103018],{},[15,103017,2668],{}," is the item you want to remove",[190,103020,103021],{},"The set must already exist",[190,103023,103024],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[447,103026,103028],{"id":103027},"example","Example",[38,103030,103032],{"className":40,"code":103031,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103033,103034,103058,103072],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103035,103036,103038,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103037,3810],{"class":53},[47,103039,58],{"class":57},[47,103041,10683],{"class":98},[47,103043,1476],{"class":80},[47,103045,136],{"class":98},[47,103047,1562],{"class":80},[47,103049,136],{"class":98},[47,103051,249],{"class":80},[47,103053,136],{"class":98},[47,103055,393],{"class":80},[47,103057,9500],{"class":98},[47,103059,103060,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103061,195],{"class":53},[47,103063,445],{"class":98},[47,103065,102844],{"class":102},[47,103067,99],{"class":98},[47,103069,2263],{"class":80},[47,103071,106],{"class":98},[47,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,103075,95],{"class":94},[47,103077,99],{"class":98},[47,103079,195],{"class":102},[47,103081,106],{"class":98},[20,103083,144],{},[38,103085,103087],{"className":40,"code":103086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103088,103089],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103090,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101,103103],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103092,9470],{"class":98},[47,103094,1476],{"class":80},[47,103096,136],{"class":98},[47,103098,1562],{"class":80},[47,103100,136],{"class":98},[47,103102,393],{"class":80},[47,103104,9500],{"class":98},[33,103106,103108,103109,103111],{"id":103107},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103110,102777],{}," different",[20,103113,103114,103116],{},[15,103115,102777],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[187,103118,103119,103132,103141],{},[190,103120,103121,103122,2390,103126,103128,103129,103131],{},"Unlike ",[594,103123,103124],{"href":98132},[15,103125,55713],{},[15,103127,102777],{}," does not raise ",[15,103130,19884],{}," when the item is missing",[190,103133,103121,103134,2390,103138,103140],{},[594,103135,103136],{"href":98137},[15,103137,12957],{},[15,103139,102777],{}," removes a specific item",[190,103142,103143],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[447,103145,103147,10778,103149],{"id":103146},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103148,102777],{},[15,103150,55713],{},[38,103152,103154],{"className":40,"code":103153,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103155,103156,103180,103184,103205,103215,103219,103240],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103157,103158,103160,103162,103164,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103159,7975],{"class":53},[47,103161,58],{"class":57},[47,103163,10683],{"class":98},[47,103165,128],{"class":61},[47,103167,4272],{"class":65},[47,103169,128],{"class":61},[47,103171,136],{"class":98},[47,103173,62],{"class":61},[47,103175,4281],{"class":65},[47,103177,128],{"class":61},[47,103179,9500],{"class":98},[47,103181,103182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103183,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103185,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,103187,8006],{"class":53},[47,103189,445],{"class":98},[47,103191,102844],{"class":102},[47,103193,99],{"class":98},[47,103195,128],{"class":61},[47,103197,33418],{"class":65},[47,103199,128],{"class":61},[47,103201,3854],{"class":98},[47,103203,103204],{"class":3857},"   # no error\n",[47,103206,103207,103209,103211,103213],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,103208,95],{"class":94},[47,103210,99],{"class":98},[47,103212,8006],{"class":102},[47,103214,106],{"class":98},[47,103216,103217],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,103218,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103220,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,103222,8006],{"class":53},[47,103224,445],{"class":98},[47,103226,34990],{"class":102},[47,103228,99],{"class":98},[47,103230,128],{"class":61},[47,103232,4281],{"class":65},[47,103234,128],{"class":61},[47,103236,3854],{"class":98},[47,103238,103239],{"class":3857},"    # removes existing item\n",[47,103241,103242,103244,103246,103248],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,103243,95],{"class":94},[47,103245,99],{"class":98},[47,103247,8006],{"class":102},[47,103249,106],{"class":98},[20,103251,144],{},[38,103253,103255],{"className":40,"code":103254,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103256,103257,103277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103258,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103260,9470],{"class":98},[47,103262,3493],{"class":61},[47,103264,4272],{"class":65},[47,103266,3493],{"class":61},[47,103268,136],{"class":98},[47,103270,3488],{"class":61},[47,103272,4281],{"class":65},[47,103274,3493],{"class":61},[47,103276,9500],{"class":98},[47,103278,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103280,9470],{"class":98},[47,103282,3493],{"class":61},[47,103284,4272],{"class":65},[47,103286,3493],{"class":61},[47,103288,9500],{"class":98},[20,103290,40533,103291,103293,103294,103296],{},[15,103292,55713],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[594,103295,11268],{"href":11267}," for more help with that case.",[33,103298,103300],{"id":103299},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103302,103303,1270,103305,445],{},[15,103304,102777],{},[15,103306,285],{},[20,103308,103309],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[38,103311,103313],{"className":40,"code":103312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103314,103315,103347,103369,103373],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103316,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103318,13271],{"class":53},[47,103320,58],{"class":57},[47,103322,10683],{"class":98},[47,103324,128],{"class":61},[47,103326,876],{"class":65},[47,103328,128],{"class":61},[47,103330,136],{"class":98},[47,103332,62],{"class":61},[47,103334,894],{"class":65},[47,103336,128],{"class":61},[47,103338,136],{"class":98},[47,103340,62],{"class":61},[47,103342,885],{"class":65},[47,103344,128],{"class":61},[47,103346,9500],{"class":98},[47,103348,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103350,1290],{"class":53},[47,103352,58],{"class":57},[47,103354,13317],{"class":53},[47,103356,445],{"class":98},[47,103358,102844],{"class":102},[47,103360,99],{"class":98},[47,103362,128],{"class":61},[47,103364,894],{"class":65},[47,103366,128],{"class":61},[47,103368,106],{"class":98},[47,103370,103371],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,103372,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103374,103375,103377,103379,103381],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,103376,95],{"class":94},[47,103378,99],{"class":98},[47,103380,1315],{"class":102},[47,103382,106],{"class":98},[20,103384,144],{},[38,103386,103387],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,103388,103389],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103390,103391],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103392,1335],{"class":1334},[20,103394,103395,103396,420],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103397,17698],{},[38,103399,103401],{"className":40,"code":103400,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103402,103403,103435,103453,103457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103404,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103406,13271],{"class":53},[47,103408,58],{"class":57},[47,103410,10683],{"class":98},[47,103412,128],{"class":61},[47,103414,876],{"class":65},[47,103416,128],{"class":61},[47,103418,136],{"class":98},[47,103420,62],{"class":61},[47,103422,894],{"class":65},[47,103424,128],{"class":61},[47,103426,136],{"class":98},[47,103428,62],{"class":61},[47,103430,885],{"class":65},[47,103432,128],{"class":61},[47,103434,9500],{"class":98},[47,103436,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103438,17698],{"class":53},[47,103440,445],{"class":98},[47,103442,102844],{"class":102},[47,103444,99],{"class":98},[47,103446,128],{"class":61},[47,103448,894],{"class":65},[47,103450,128],{"class":61},[47,103452,106],{"class":98},[47,103454,103455],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,103456,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103458,103459,103461,103463,103465],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,103460,95],{"class":94},[47,103462,99],{"class":98},[47,103464,17698],{"class":102},[47,103466,106],{"class":98},[20,103468,144],{},[38,103470,103472],{"className":40,"code":103471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103473,103474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103475,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103477,9470],{"class":98},[47,103479,3493],{"class":61},[47,103481,876],{"class":65},[47,103483,3493],{"class":61},[47,103485,136],{"class":98},[47,103487,3488],{"class":61},[47,103489,885],{"class":65},[47,103491,3493],{"class":61},[47,103493,9500],{"class":98},[33,103495,11670],{"id":11669},[20,103497,103498],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[38,103500,103502],{"className":40,"code":103501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103503,103504,103536,103540,103558,103562,103580,103584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103505,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103507,36433],{"class":53},[47,103509,58],{"class":57},[47,103511,10683],{"class":98},[47,103513,128],{"class":61},[47,103515,4272],{"class":65},[47,103517,128],{"class":61},[47,103519,136],{"class":98},[47,103521,62],{"class":61},[47,103523,4281],{"class":65},[47,103525,128],{"class":61},[47,103527,136],{"class":98},[47,103529,62],{"class":61},[47,103531,33418],{"class":65},[47,103533,128],{"class":61},[47,103535,9500],{"class":98},[47,103537,103538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103539,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103541,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,103543,95],{"class":94},[47,103545,99],{"class":98},[47,103547,128],{"class":61},[47,103549,11759],{"class":65},[47,103551,128],{"class":61},[47,103553,136],{"class":98},[47,103555,53036],{"class":102},[47,103557,106],{"class":98},[47,103559,103560],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,103561,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103563,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,103565,36485],{"class":53},[47,103567,445],{"class":98},[47,103569,102844],{"class":102},[47,103571,99],{"class":98},[47,103573,128],{"class":61},[47,103575,4281],{"class":65},[47,103577,128],{"class":61},[47,103579,106],{"class":98},[47,103581,103582],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,103583,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103585,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594,103596,103598,103600],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,103587,95],{"class":94},[47,103589,99],{"class":98},[47,103591,128],{"class":61},[47,103593,11799],{"class":65},[47,103595,128],{"class":61},[47,103597,136],{"class":98},[47,103599,53036],{"class":102},[47,103601,106],{"class":98},[20,103603,144],{},[38,103605,103607],{"className":40,"code":103606,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103608,103609,103641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103610,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103612,11819],{"class":53},[47,103614,420],{"class":98},[47,103616,10683],{"class":98},[47,103618,3493],{"class":61},[47,103620,4281],{"class":65},[47,103622,3493],{"class":61},[47,103624,136],{"class":98},[47,103626,3488],{"class":61},[47,103628,4272],{"class":65},[47,103630,3493],{"class":61},[47,103632,136],{"class":98},[47,103634,3488],{"class":61},[47,103636,33418],{"class":65},[47,103638,3493],{"class":61},[47,103640,9500],{"class":98},[47,103642,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103644,11872],{"class":53},[47,103646,420],{"class":98},[47,103648,10683],{"class":98},[47,103650,3493],{"class":61},[47,103652,4272],{"class":65},[47,103654,3493],{"class":61},[47,103656,136],{"class":98},[47,103658,3488],{"class":61},[47,103660,33418],{"class":65},[47,103662,3493],{"class":61},[47,103664,9500],{"class":98},[20,103666,103667],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[33,103669,103671],{"id":103670},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103673,103674,103675,103677],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103676,102777],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[38,103679,103681],{"className":40,"code":103680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103682,103683,103715,103719,103737,103741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103684,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701,103703,103705,103707,103709,103711,103713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103686,36433],{"class":53},[47,103688,58],{"class":57},[47,103690,10683],{"class":98},[47,103692,128],{"class":61},[47,103694,4272],{"class":65},[47,103696,128],{"class":61},[47,103698,136],{"class":98},[47,103700,62],{"class":61},[47,103702,4281],{"class":65},[47,103704,128],{"class":61},[47,103706,136],{"class":98},[47,103708,62],{"class":61},[47,103710,33418],{"class":65},[47,103712,128],{"class":61},[47,103714,9500],{"class":98},[47,103716,103717],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103718,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103720,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,103722,36485],{"class":53},[47,103724,445],{"class":98},[47,103726,102844],{"class":102},[47,103728,99],{"class":98},[47,103730,128],{"class":61},[47,103732,22730],{"class":65},[47,103734,128],{"class":61},[47,103736,106],{"class":98},[47,103738,103739],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,103740,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103742,103743,103745,103747,103749],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,103744,95],{"class":94},[47,103746,99],{"class":98},[47,103748,36485],{"class":102},[47,103750,106],{"class":98},[20,103752,144],{},[38,103754,103756],{"className":40,"code":103755,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103757,103758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103759,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103761,9470],{"class":98},[47,103763,3493],{"class":61},[47,103765,4281],{"class":65},[47,103767,3493],{"class":61},[47,103769,136],{"class":98},[47,103771,3488],{"class":61},[47,103773,4272],{"class":65},[47,103775,3493],{"class":61},[47,103777,136],{"class":98},[47,103779,3488],{"class":61},[47,103781,33418],{"class":65},[47,103783,3493],{"class":61},[47,103785,9500],{"class":98},[20,103787,103788],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103790,103791],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[38,103793,103795],{"className":40,"code":103794,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103796,103797,103813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103798,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103800,7192],{"class":1461},[47,103802,62],{"class":61},[47,103804,22730],{"class":65},[47,103806,128],{"class":61},[47,103808,21371],{"class":57},[47,103810,53036],{"class":53},[47,103812,6586],{"class":98},[47,103814,103815,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826,103828,103830],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103816,103817],{"class":53},"    fruits",[47,103819,445],{"class":98},[47,103821,34990],{"class":102},[47,103823,99],{"class":98},[47,103825,128],{"class":61},[47,103827,22730],{"class":65},[47,103829,128],{"class":61},[47,103831,106],{"class":98},[20,103833,103834,103835,103837],{},"With ",[15,103836,102777],{},", you can simply write:",[38,103839,103841],{"className":40,"code":103840,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103842,103843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103844,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103846,36485],{"class":53},[47,103848,445],{"class":98},[47,103850,102844],{"class":102},[47,103852,99],{"class":98},[47,103854,128],{"class":61},[47,103856,22730],{"class":65},[47,103858,128],{"class":61},[47,103860,106],{"class":98},[33,103862,5158,103864],{"id":103863},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103865,102777],{},[20,103867,167,103868,10794],{},[15,103869,102777],{},[187,103871,103872,103875,103878],{},[190,103873,103874],{},"Missing values are normal",[190,103876,103877],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[190,103879,103880],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103882,103883],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[33,103885,1595],{"id":1594},[20,103887,8640,103888,445],{},[15,103889,102777],{},[447,103891,1807,103893,103895],{"id":103892},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103894,102777],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103897,4720],{},[38,103899,103901],{"className":40,"code":103900,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103902,103903,103923,103941,103945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103904,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103906,3810],{"class":53},[47,103908,58],{"class":57},[47,103910,10683],{"class":98},[47,103912,1476],{"class":80},[47,103914,136],{"class":98},[47,103916,1562],{"class":80},[47,103918,136],{"class":98},[47,103920,249],{"class":80},[47,103922,9500],{"class":98},[47,103924,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103926,3810],{"class":53},[47,103928,58],{"class":57},[47,103930,4457],{"class":53},[47,103932,445],{"class":98},[47,103934,102844],{"class":102},[47,103936,99],{"class":98},[47,103938,243],{"class":80},[47,103940,106],{"class":98},[47,103942,103943],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,103944,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,103946,103947,103949,103951,103953],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,103948,95],{"class":94},[47,103950,99],{"class":98},[47,103952,195],{"class":102},[47,103954,106],{"class":98},[20,103956,103957,42345,103959,8794,103961,1270,103963,445],{},[15,103958,195],{},[15,103960,285],{},[15,103962,102777],{},[15,103964,285],{},[20,103966,19037],{},[38,103968,103970],{"className":40,"code":103969,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103971,103972,103992,104006,104010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,103973,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,103975,3810],{"class":53},[47,103977,58],{"class":57},[47,103979,10683],{"class":98},[47,103981,1476],{"class":80},[47,103983,136],{"class":98},[47,103985,1562],{"class":80},[47,103987,136],{"class":98},[47,103989,249],{"class":80},[47,103991,9500],{"class":98},[47,103993,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,103995,195],{"class":53},[47,103997,445],{"class":98},[47,103999,102844],{"class":102},[47,104001,99],{"class":98},[47,104003,243],{"class":80},[47,104005,106],{"class":98},[47,104007,104008],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104009,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,104013,95],{"class":94},[47,104015,99],{"class":98},[47,104017,195],{"class":102},[47,104019,106],{"class":98},[447,104021,37396,104023,8898,104025],{"id":104022},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104024,102777],{},[15,104026,55713],{},[20,104028,104029,104030,445],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104031,102777],{},[38,104033,104035],{"className":40,"code":104034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104036,104037,104069,104090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104038,104039,104041,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065,104067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104040,36284],{"class":53},[47,104042,58],{"class":57},[47,104044,10683],{"class":98},[47,104046,128],{"class":61},[47,104048,594],{"class":65},[47,104050,128],{"class":61},[47,104052,136],{"class":98},[47,104054,62],{"class":61},[47,104056,4957],{"class":65},[47,104058,128],{"class":61},[47,104060,136],{"class":98},[47,104062,62],{"class":61},[47,104064,9931],{"class":65},[47,104066,128],{"class":61},[47,104068,9500],{"class":98},[47,104070,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104072,36337],{"class":53},[47,104074,445],{"class":98},[47,104076,102844],{"class":102},[47,104078,99],{"class":98},[47,104080,128],{"class":61},[47,104082,22274],{"class":65},[47,104084,128],{"class":61},[47,104086,3854],{"class":98},[47,104088,104089],{"class":3857},"   # safe\n",[47,104091,104092,104094,104096,104098],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104093,95],{"class":94},[47,104095,99],{"class":98},[47,104097,36337],{"class":102},[47,104099,106],{"class":98},[20,104101,104102,104103,46096,104106,445],{},"If you use ",[15,104104,104105],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104107,19884],{},[447,104109,25815,104111,104113],{"id":104110},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104112,102777],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104115,104116,102130],{},[15,104117,102777],{},[20,104119,16839],{},[38,104121,104123],{"className":40,"code":104122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104124,104125,104145],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104126,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104128,7975],{"class":53},[47,104130,58],{"class":57},[47,104132,3815],{"class":98},[47,104134,1476],{"class":80},[47,104136,136],{"class":98},[47,104138,1562],{"class":80},[47,104140,136],{"class":98},[47,104142,249],{"class":80},[47,104144,3828],{"class":98},[47,104146,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104148,8006],{"class":53},[47,104150,445],{"class":98},[47,104152,102844],{"class":102},[47,104154,99],{"class":98},[47,104156,243],{"class":80},[47,104158,106],{"class":98},[20,104160,104161,104162,420],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104163,102777],{},[38,104165,104167],{"className":40,"code":104166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104168,104169,104189,104203],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104170,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104172,7975],{"class":53},[47,104174,58],{"class":57},[47,104176,10683],{"class":98},[47,104178,1476],{"class":80},[47,104180,136],{"class":98},[47,104182,1562],{"class":80},[47,104184,136],{"class":98},[47,104186,249],{"class":80},[47,104188,9500],{"class":98},[47,104190,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104192,8006],{"class":53},[47,104194,445],{"class":98},[47,104196,102844],{"class":102},[47,104198,99],{"class":98},[47,104200,243],{"class":80},[47,104202,106],{"class":98},[47,104204,104205,104207,104209,104211],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104206,95],{"class":94},[47,104208,99],{"class":98},[47,104210,8006],{"class":102},[47,104212,106],{"class":98},[447,104214,104216],{"id":104215},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104218,104219],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104221,3030],{},[38,104223,104225],{"className":40,"code":104224,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104226,104227,104247],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104228,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104230,9359],{"class":53},[47,104232,58],{"class":57},[47,104234,10683],{"class":98},[47,104236,1476],{"class":80},[47,104238,136],{"class":98},[47,104240,1562],{"class":80},[47,104242,136],{"class":98},[47,104244,249],{"class":80},[47,104246,9500],{"class":98},[47,104248,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104250,9396],{"class":53},[47,104252,445],{"class":98},[47,104254,102844],{"class":102},[47,104256,3178],{"class":98},[47,104258,243],{"class":80},[47,104260,4080],{"class":98},[20,104262,104263],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[33,104265,9066],{"id":9065},[20,104267,1625,104268,104270],{},[15,104269,102777],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[38,104272,104274],{"className":40,"code":104273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104275,104276,104286,104300,104314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104277,104278,104280,104282,104284],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104279,95],{"class":94},[47,104281,99],{"class":98},[47,104283,15861],{"class":102},[47,104285,106],{"class":98},[47,104287,104288,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104289,95],{"class":94},[47,104291,99],{"class":98},[47,104293,1922],{"class":1788},[47,104295,99],{"class":98},[47,104297,15861],{"class":102},[47,104299,1796],{"class":98},[47,104301,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104303,95],{"class":94},[47,104305,99],{"class":98},[47,104307,2644],{"class":102},[47,104309,1468],{"class":1461},[47,104311,96847],{"class":102},[47,104313,106],{"class":98},[47,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,104317,1934],{"class":94},[47,104319,99],{"class":98},[47,104321,6480],{"class":1788},[47,104323,445],{"class":98},[47,104325,102844],{"class":24948},[47,104327,106],{"class":98},[20,104329,11364],{},[187,104331,104332,104335,104338,104341],{},[190,104333,104334],{},"What is currently in the set",[190,104336,104337],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[190,104339,104340],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[190,104342,104343],{},"How Python documents the method",[33,104345,1969],{"id":1968},[447,104347,104349],{"id":104348},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104351,104352,104353,104355],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104354,102777],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[447,104357,5339,104359,12910],{"id":104358},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104360,102782],{},[20,104362,5345,104363,104365],{},[15,104364,285],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[447,104367,2055,104369,839,104371,2009],{"id":104368},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104370,102777],{},[15,104372,55713],{},[20,104374,104375,104376,26737,104378,104380,104381,104383],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104377,55713],{},[15,104379,19884],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104382,102777],{}," does not.",[447,104385,28528,104387,104389],{"id":104386},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104388,102777],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104391,46553,104392,104394],{},[15,104393,102777],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[33,104396,2075],{"id":2074},[187,104398,104399,104405,104411,104416,104420],{},[190,104400,104401],{},[594,104402,96737,104403,10934],{"href":98132},[15,104404,55713],{},[190,104406,104407],{},[594,104408,96737,104409,10934],{"href":98137},[15,104410,12957],{},[190,104412,104413],{},[594,104414,104415],{"href":97806},"Python set: creating a set",[190,104417,104418],{},[594,104419,100272],{"href":98714},[190,104421,104422],{},[594,104423,11456],{"href":11267},[2110,104425,104426],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":104428},[104429,104430,104432,104435,104440,104441,104442,104443,104445,104454,104455,104464],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":102954,"depth":72,"text":104431},"What set.discard() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":104433},[104434],{"id":103027,"depth":84,"text":103028},{"id":103107,"depth":72,"text":104436,"children":104437},"What makes discard() different",[104438],{"id":103146,"depth":84,"text":104439},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103299,"depth":72,"text":103300},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":103670,"depth":72,"text":103671},{"id":103863,"depth":72,"text":104444},"When to use discard()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":104446},[104447,104449,104451,104453],{"id":103892,"depth":84,"text":104448},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104022,"depth":84,"text":104450},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104110,"depth":84,"text":104452},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104215,"depth":84,"text":104216},{"id":9065,"depth":72,"text":9066},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":104456},[104457,104458,104460,104462],{"id":104348,"depth":84,"text":104349},{"id":104358,"depth":84,"text":104459},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104368,"depth":84,"text":104461},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104386,"depth":84,"text":104463},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102769,"description":104465},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104472,"title":104473,"body":104474,"description":106480,"extension":2167,"meta":106481,"navigation":87,"path":106482,"seo":106483,"stem":106484,"__hash__":106485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104475,"toc":106438},[104476,104479,104487,104492,104503,104505,104560,104564,104584,104589,104593,104598,104600,104614,104616,104691,104693,104726,104731,104736,104738,104740,104755,104758,104766,104771,104786,104788,104877,104879,104968,104974,104978,104980,105018,105020,105044,105047,105062,105064,105119,105121,105154,105156,105161,105165,105169,105174,105239,105241,105261,105267,105271,105328,105330,105351,105355,105360,105405,105407,105440,105443,105447,105480,105482,105511,105515,105519,105522,105524,105543,105545,105591,105596,105610,105612,105643,105648,105651,105695,105697,105725,105729,105733,105749,105752,105817,105819,105831,105834,105838,105841,105846,105874,105876,105894,105900,105939,105941,105959,105965,105994,105996,106014,106017,106034,106036,106041,106045,106048,106074,106081,106086,106101,106110,106114,106117,106148,106154,106157,106166,106169,106171,106173,106231,106234,106259,106261,106265,106268,106272,106280,106284,106287,106291,106294,106296,106319,106321,106362,106369,106377,106380,106411,106413,106435],[10,104477,104473],{"id":104478},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104480,9316,104481,104483,104484,445],{},[15,104482,3989],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[280,104485,104486],{},"unique values only",[20,104488,35600,104489,104491],{},[15,104490,3989],{}," to:",[187,104493,104494,104497,104500],{},[190,104495,104496],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[190,104498,104499],{},"check whether a value exists",[190,104501,104502],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[33,104504,36],{"id":35},[38,104506,104508],{"className":40,"code":104507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104509,104510,104534,104549],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104511,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104513,3810],{"class":53},[47,104515,58],{"class":57},[47,104517,3815],{"class":98},[47,104519,1476],{"class":80},[47,104521,136],{"class":98},[47,104523,1562],{"class":80},[47,104525,136],{"class":98},[47,104527,1562],{"class":80},[47,104529,136],{"class":98},[47,104531,249],{"class":80},[47,104533,3828],{"class":98},[47,104535,104536,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104537,104538],{"class":53},"unique_numbers ",[47,104540,58],{"class":57},[47,104542,15828],{"class":1788},[47,104544,99],{"class":98},[47,104546,195],{"class":102},[47,104548,106],{"class":98},[47,104550,104551,104553,104555,104558],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104552,95],{"class":94},[47,104554,99],{"class":98},[47,104556,104557],{"class":102},"unique_numbers",[47,104559,106],{"class":98},[20,104561,104562],{},[280,104563,144],{},[38,104565,104566],{"className":40,"code":96530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104567,104568],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104569,104570,104572,104574,104576,104578,104580,104582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104571,9470],{"class":98},[47,104573,1476],{"class":80},[47,104575,136],{"class":98},[47,104577,1562],{"class":80},[47,104579,136],{"class":98},[47,104581,249],{"class":80},[47,104583,9500],{"class":98},[20,104585,167,104586,104588],{},[15,104587,3989],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[33,104590,104592],{"id":104591},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104594,104595,104597],{},[15,104596,3989],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104599,30739],{},[187,104601,104602,104605,104608,104611],{},[190,104603,104604],{},"A set stores unique items only",[190,104606,104607],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[190,104609,104610],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[190,104612,104613],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104615,204],{},[38,104617,104619],{"className":40,"code":104618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104620,104621,104661,104676,104680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104622,104623,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657,104659],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104624,13271],{"class":53},[47,104626,58],{"class":57},[47,104628,3815],{"class":98},[47,104630,128],{"class":61},[47,104632,876],{"class":65},[47,104634,128],{"class":61},[47,104636,136],{"class":98},[47,104638,62],{"class":61},[47,104640,894],{"class":65},[47,104642,128],{"class":61},[47,104644,136],{"class":98},[47,104646,62],{"class":61},[47,104648,876],{"class":65},[47,104650,128],{"class":61},[47,104652,136],{"class":98},[47,104654,62],{"class":61},[47,104656,885],{"class":65},[47,104658,128],{"class":61},[47,104660,3828],{"class":98},[47,104662,104663,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104664,104665],{"class":53},"unique_colors ",[47,104667,58],{"class":57},[47,104669,15828],{"class":1788},[47,104671,99],{"class":98},[47,104673,17698],{"class":102},[47,104675,106],{"class":98},[47,104677,104678],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104679,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,104681,104682,104684,104686,104689],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,104683,95],{"class":94},[47,104685,99],{"class":98},[47,104687,104688],{"class":102},"unique_colors",[47,104690,106],{"class":98},[20,104692,30228],{},[38,104694,104696],{"className":40,"code":104695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104697,104698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104699,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104701,9470],{"class":98},[47,104703,3493],{"class":61},[47,104705,894],{"class":65},[47,104707,3493],{"class":61},[47,104709,136],{"class":98},[47,104711,3488],{"class":61},[47,104713,885],{"class":65},[47,104715,3493],{"class":61},[47,104717,136],{"class":98},[47,104719,3488],{"class":61},[47,104721,876],{"class":65},[47,104723,3493],{"class":61},[47,104725,9500],{"class":98},[20,104727,2484,104728,104730],{},[15,104729,65577],{}," appears only once.",[20,104732,104733,104734,445],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[594,104735,96251],{"href":96250},[33,104737,290],{"id":289},[20,104739,2360],{},[38,104741,104743],{"className":40,"code":104742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104744,104745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104746,104747,104749,104751,104753],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104748,6480],{"class":1788},[47,104750,99],{"class":98},[47,104752,3913],{"class":102},[47,104754,106],{"class":98},[20,104756,104757],{},"The argument is optional.",[187,104759,104760,104763],{},[190,104761,104762],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[190,104764,104765],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104767,104768,104769,420],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104770,3989],{},[187,104772,104773,104775,104777,104779,104783],{},[190,104774,8288],{},[190,104776,49139],{},[190,104778,61359],{},[190,104780,104781],{},[15,104782,36392],{},[190,104784,104785],{},"another set",[20,104787,2327],{},[38,104789,104791],{"className":40,"code":104790,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104792,104793,104819,104841,104859],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104794,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104796,95],{"class":94},[47,104798,99],{"class":98},[47,104800,6480],{"class":1788},[47,104802,3178],{"class":98},[47,104804,1476],{"class":80},[47,104806,136],{"class":98},[47,104808,1562],{"class":80},[47,104810,136],{"class":98},[47,104812,1562],{"class":80},[47,104814,136],{"class":98},[47,104816,249],{"class":80},[47,104818,3191],{"class":98},[47,104820,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837,104839],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104822,95],{"class":94},[47,104824,99],{"class":98},[47,104826,6480],{"class":1788},[47,104828,5705],{"class":98},[47,104830,582],{"class":80},[47,104832,136],{"class":98},[47,104834,7986],{"class":80},[47,104836,136],{"class":98},[47,104838,373],{"class":80},[47,104840,3106],{"class":98},[47,104842,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104844,95],{"class":94},[47,104846,99],{"class":98},[47,104848,6480],{"class":1788},[47,104850,99],{"class":98},[47,104852,128],{"class":61},[47,104854,4038],{"class":65},[47,104856,128],{"class":61},[47,104858,1796],{"class":98},[47,104860,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,104862,95],{"class":94},[47,104864,99],{"class":98},[47,104866,6480],{"class":1788},[47,104868,99],{"class":98},[47,104870,60183],{"class":94},[47,104872,99],{"class":98},[47,104874,2700],{"class":80},[47,104876,3106],{"class":98},[20,104878,30228],{},[38,104880,104882],{"className":40,"code":104881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104883,104884,104900,104912,104948],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104885,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104887,9470],{"class":98},[47,104889,1476],{"class":80},[47,104891,136],{"class":98},[47,104893,1562],{"class":80},[47,104895,136],{"class":98},[47,104897,249],{"class":80},[47,104899,9500],{"class":98},[47,104901,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104903,9470],{"class":98},[47,104905,582],{"class":80},[47,104907,136],{"class":98},[47,104909,7986],{"class":80},[47,104911,9500],{"class":98},[47,104913,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,104915,9470],{"class":98},[47,104917,3493],{"class":61},[47,104919,60623],{"class":65},[47,104921,3493],{"class":61},[47,104923,136],{"class":98},[47,104925,3488],{"class":61},[47,104927,60632],{"class":65},[47,104929,3493],{"class":61},[47,104931,136],{"class":98},[47,104933,3488],{"class":61},[47,104935,60641],{"class":65},[47,104937,3493],{"class":61},[47,104939,136],{"class":98},[47,104941,3488],{"class":61},[47,104943,60658],{"class":65},[47,104945,3493],{"class":61},[47,104947,9500],{"class":98},[47,104949,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,104951,9470],{"class":98},[47,104953,2321],{"class":80},[47,104955,136],{"class":98},[47,104957,1545],{"class":80},[47,104959,136],{"class":98},[47,104961,1562],{"class":80},[47,104963,136],{"class":98},[47,104965,249],{"class":80},[47,104967,9500],{"class":98},[20,104969,104970,104971,445],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[594,104972,104973],{"href":65033},"Python list() function explained",[33,104975,104977],{"id":104976},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104979,98203],{},[38,104981,104982],{"className":40,"code":99168,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,104983,104984,104994,105004],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,104985,104986,104988,104990,104992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,104987,98213],{"class":53},[47,104989,58],{"class":57},[47,104991,15828],{"class":1788},[47,104993,8836],{"class":98},[47,104995,104996,104998,105000,105002],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,104997,95],{"class":94},[47,104999,99],{"class":98},[47,105001,98232],{"class":102},[47,105003,106],{"class":98},[47,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,105007,95],{"class":94},[47,105009,99],{"class":98},[47,105011,1922],{"class":1788},[47,105013,99],{"class":98},[47,105015,98232],{"class":102},[47,105017,1796],{"class":98},[20,105019,144],{},[38,105021,105022],{"className":40,"code":99211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105023,105024,105030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105025,105026,105028],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105027,6480],{"class":1788},[47,105029,8836],{"class":98},[47,105031,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105033,3482],{"class":57},[47,105035,3485],{"class":2266},[47,105037,3488],{"class":61},[47,105039,6480],{"class":65},[47,105041,3493],{"class":61},[47,105043,3496],{"class":57},[20,105045,105046],{},"This is important because:",[187,105048,105049,105054],{},[190,105050,105051,105053],{},[15,105052,3989],{}," creates an empty set",[190,105055,105056,105058,105059,105061],{},[15,105057,3984],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[280,105060,4826],{}," a set",[20,105063,204],{},[38,105065,105067],{"className":40,"code":105066,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105068,105069,105079,105087,105091,105105],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105070,105071,105073,105075,105077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105072,2750],{"class":53},[47,105074,58],{"class":57},[47,105076,15828],{"class":1788},[47,105078,8836],{"class":98},[47,105080,105081,105083,105085],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105082,2777],{"class":53},[47,105084,58],{"class":57},[47,105086,10030],{"class":98},[47,105088,105089],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,105090,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,105092,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,105094,95],{"class":94},[47,105096,99],{"class":98},[47,105098,1922],{"class":1788},[47,105100,99],{"class":98},[47,105102,594],{"class":102},[47,105104,1796],{"class":98},[47,105106,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,105108,95],{"class":94},[47,105110,99],{"class":98},[47,105112,1922],{"class":1788},[47,105114,99],{"class":98},[47,105116,4957],{"class":102},[47,105118,1796],{"class":98},[20,105120,144],{},[38,105122,105124],{"className":40,"code":105123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105125,105126,105140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105127,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105129,3482],{"class":57},[47,105131,3485],{"class":2266},[47,105133,3488],{"class":61},[47,105135,6480],{"class":65},[47,105137,3493],{"class":61},[47,105139,3496],{"class":57},[47,105141,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105143,3482],{"class":57},[47,105145,3485],{"class":2266},[47,105147,3488],{"class":61},[47,105149,9015],{"class":65},[47,105151,3493],{"class":61},[47,105153,3496],{"class":57},[20,105155,14243],{},[20,105157,105158,105159,445],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[594,105160,104415],{"href":96254},[33,105162,105164],{"id":105163},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[447,105166,105168],{"id":105167},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105170,105171,105172,445],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105173,3989],{},[38,105175,105177],{"className":40,"code":105176,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105178,105179,105211,105225,105229],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105180,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201,105203,105205,105207,105209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105182,3810],{"class":53},[47,105184,58],{"class":57},[47,105186,3815],{"class":98},[47,105188,1476],{"class":80},[47,105190,136],{"class":98},[47,105192,1562],{"class":80},[47,105194,136],{"class":98},[47,105196,1562],{"class":80},[47,105198,136],{"class":98},[47,105200,249],{"class":80},[47,105202,136],{"class":98},[47,105204,249],{"class":80},[47,105206,136],{"class":98},[47,105208,249],{"class":80},[47,105210,3828],{"class":98},[47,105212,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105214,1290],{"class":53},[47,105216,58],{"class":57},[47,105218,15828],{"class":1788},[47,105220,99],{"class":98},[47,105222,195],{"class":102},[47,105224,106],{"class":98},[47,105226,105227],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,105228,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,105230,105231,105233,105235,105237],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,105232,95],{"class":94},[47,105234,99],{"class":98},[47,105236,1315],{"class":102},[47,105238,106],{"class":98},[20,105240,144],{},[38,105242,105243],{"className":40,"code":96530,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105244,105245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105246,105247,105249,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105248,9470],{"class":98},[47,105250,1476],{"class":80},[47,105252,136],{"class":98},[47,105254,1562],{"class":80},[47,105256,136],{"class":98},[47,105258,249],{"class":80},[47,105260,9500],{"class":98},[20,105262,105263,105264,445],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[594,105265,99001],{"href":105266},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[447,105268,105270],{"id":105269},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[38,105272,105274],{"className":40,"code":105273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105275,105276,105300,105314,105318],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105277,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105279,4015],{"class":53},[47,105281,58],{"class":57},[47,105283,9428],{"class":98},[47,105285,232],{"class":80},[47,105287,136],{"class":98},[47,105289,4800],{"class":80},[47,105291,136],{"class":98},[47,105293,373],{"class":80},[47,105295,136],{"class":98},[47,105297,38128],{"class":80},[47,105299,106],{"class":98},[47,105301,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105303,1290],{"class":53},[47,105305,58],{"class":57},[47,105307,15828],{"class":1788},[47,105309,99],{"class":98},[47,105311,5553],{"class":102},[47,105313,106],{"class":98},[47,105315,105316],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,105317,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,105319,105320,105322,105324,105326],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,105321,95],{"class":94},[47,105323,99],{"class":98},[47,105325,1315],{"class":102},[47,105327,106],{"class":98},[20,105329,144],{},[38,105331,105333],{"className":40,"code":105332,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105334,105335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105336,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105338,9470],{"class":98},[47,105340,232],{"class":80},[47,105342,136],{"class":98},[47,105344,373],{"class":80},[47,105346,136],{"class":98},[47,105348,38128],{"class":80},[47,105350,9500],{"class":98},[447,105352,105354],{"id":105353},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105356,51312,105357,105359],{},[15,105358,3989],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[38,105361,105363],{"className":40,"code":105362,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105364,105365,105377,105391,105395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105366,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105368,34884],{"class":53},[47,105370,58],{"class":57},[47,105372,62],{"class":61},[47,105374,4281],{"class":65},[47,105376,69],{"class":61},[47,105378,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105380,1290],{"class":53},[47,105382,58],{"class":57},[47,105384,15828],{"class":1788},[47,105386,99],{"class":98},[47,105388,192],{"class":102},[47,105390,106],{"class":98},[47,105392,105393],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,105394,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,105396,105397,105399,105401,105403],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,105398,95],{"class":94},[47,105400,99],{"class":98},[47,105402,1315],{"class":102},[47,105404,106],{"class":98},[20,105406,30228],{},[38,105408,105410],{"className":40,"code":105409,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105411,105412],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105413,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105415,9470],{"class":98},[47,105417,3493],{"class":61},[47,105419,4957],{"class":65},[47,105421,3493],{"class":61},[47,105423,136],{"class":98},[47,105425,3488],{"class":61},[47,105427,594],{"class":65},[47,105429,3493],{"class":61},[47,105431,136],{"class":98},[47,105433,3488],{"class":61},[47,105435,76214],{"class":65},[47,105437,3493],{"class":61},[47,105439,9500],{"class":98},[20,105441,105442],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[447,105444,105446],{"id":105445},"from-range","From range()",[38,105448,105450],{"className":40,"code":105449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105451,105452,105470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105453,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105455,1290],{"class":53},[47,105457,58],{"class":57},[47,105459,15828],{"class":1788},[47,105461,99],{"class":98},[47,105463,60183],{"class":94},[47,105465,99],{"class":98},[47,105467,232],{"class":80},[47,105469,1796],{"class":98},[47,105471,105472,105474,105476,105478],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105473,95],{"class":94},[47,105475,99],{"class":98},[47,105477,1315],{"class":102},[47,105479,106],{"class":98},[20,105481,144],{},[38,105483,105485],{"className":40,"code":105484,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105486,105487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105488,105489,105491,105493,105495,105497,105499,105501,105503,105505,105507,105509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105490,9470],{"class":98},[47,105492,2321],{"class":80},[47,105494,136],{"class":98},[47,105496,1545],{"class":80},[47,105498,136],{"class":98},[47,105500,1562],{"class":80},[47,105502,136],{"class":98},[47,105504,249],{"class":80},[47,105506,136],{"class":98},[47,105508,393],{"class":80},[47,105510,9500],{"class":98},[33,105512,105514],{"id":105513},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105516,99448,105517,445],{},[280,105518,96294],{},[20,105520,105521],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105523,99454],{},[187,105525,105526,105530,105534,105538],{},[190,105527,105528],{},[15,105529,2389],{},[190,105531,105532],{},[15,105533,3636],{},[190,105535,105536],{},[15,105537,2393],{},[190,105539,105540,105542],{},[15,105541,49139],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105544,204],{},[38,105546,105548],{"className":40,"code":105547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105549,105550,105581],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105551,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574,105576,105578],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105553,7975],{"class":53},[47,105555,58],{"class":57},[47,105557,10683],{"class":98},[47,105559,1476],{"class":80},[47,105561,136],{"class":98},[47,105563,62],{"class":61},[47,105565,4038],{"class":65},[47,105567,128],{"class":61},[47,105569,136],{"class":98},[47,105571,9428],{"class":98},[47,105573,582],{"class":80},[47,105575,136],{"class":98},[47,105577,7986],{"class":80},[47,105579,105580],{"class":98},")}\n",[47,105582,105583,105585,105587,105589],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105584,95],{"class":94},[47,105586,99],{"class":98},[47,105588,8006],{"class":102},[47,105590,106],{"class":98},[20,105592,99516,105593,105595],{},[280,105594,4826],{}," work inside a set:",[187,105597,105598,105602,105606],{},[190,105599,105600],{},[15,105601,8288],{},[190,105603,105604],{},[15,105605,9015],{},[190,105607,105608],{},[15,105609,6480],{},[20,105611,97019],{},[38,105613,105615],{"className":40,"code":105614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105616,105617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105618,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105620,99535],{"class":53},[47,105622,58],{"class":57},[47,105624,99540],{"class":98},[47,105626,1476],{"class":80},[47,105628,136],{"class":98},[47,105630,1562],{"class":80},[47,105632,18258],{"class":98},[47,105634,3815],{"class":98},[47,105636,2263],{"class":80},[47,105638,136],{"class":98},[47,105640,393],{"class":80},[47,105642,13900],{"class":98},[20,105644,77042,105645,105647],{},[15,105646,1707],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105649,105650],{},"A safer example:",[38,105652,105654],{"className":40,"code":105653,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105655,105656,105684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105657,105658,105661,105663,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676,105678,105680,105682],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105659,105660],{"class":53},"good_set ",[47,105662,58],{"class":57},[47,105664,105665],{"class":98}," {(",[47,105667,1476],{"class":80},[47,105669,136],{"class":98},[47,105671,1562],{"class":80},[47,105673,9425],{"class":98},[47,105675,9428],{"class":98},[47,105677,2263],{"class":80},[47,105679,136],{"class":98},[47,105681,393],{"class":80},[47,105683,105580],{"class":98},[47,105685,105686,105688,105690,105693],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105687,95],{"class":94},[47,105689,99],{"class":98},[47,105691,105692],{"class":102},"good_set",[47,105694,106],{"class":98},[20,105696,144],{},[38,105698,105700],{"className":40,"code":105699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105701,105702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105703,105704,105707,105709,105711,105713,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105705,105706],{"class":98},"{(",[47,105708,1476],{"class":80},[47,105710,136],{"class":98},[47,105712,1562],{"class":80},[47,105714,9425],{"class":98},[47,105716,9428],{"class":98},[47,105718,2263],{"class":80},[47,105720,136],{"class":98},[47,105722,393],{"class":80},[47,105724,105580],{"class":98},[33,105726,105728],{"id":105727},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105730,167,105731,10794],{},[15,105732,3989],{},[187,105734,105735,105738,105743,105746],{},[190,105736,105737],{},"you need unique values only",[190,105739,105740,105741],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105742,1468],{},[190,105744,105745],{},"order does not matter",[190,105747,105748],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105750,105751],{},"Example of membership checking:",[38,105753,105755],{"className":40,"code":105754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105756,105757,105782,105786,105802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105758,105759,105762,105764,105766,105768,105770,105772,105775,105777,105780],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105760,105761],{"class":53},"allowed_ids ",[47,105763,58],{"class":57},[47,105765,15828],{"class":1788},[47,105767,3178],{"class":98},[47,105769,46779],{"class":80},[47,105771,136],{"class":98},[47,105773,105774],{"class":80}," 102",[47,105776,136],{"class":98},[47,105778,105779],{"class":80}," 103",[47,105781,4080],{"class":98},[47,105783,105784],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105785,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,105787,105788,105790,105792,105795,105797,105800],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,105789,95],{"class":94},[47,105791,99],{"class":98},[47,105793,105794],{"class":80},"102",[47,105796,21371],{"class":1461},[47,105798,105799],{"class":102}," allowed_ids",[47,105801,106],{"class":98},[47,105803,105804,105806,105808,105811,105813,105815],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,105805,95],{"class":94},[47,105807,99],{"class":98},[47,105809,105810],{"class":80},"999",[47,105812,21371],{"class":1461},[47,105814,105799],{"class":102},[47,105816,106],{"class":98},[20,105818,144],{},[38,105820,105821],{"className":40,"code":44364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105822,105823,105827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105824,105825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105826,4172],{"class":1334},[47,105828,105829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105830,4233],{"class":1334},[20,105832,105833],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[33,105835,105837],{"id":105836},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105839,105840],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[447,105842,167,105844,98145],{"id":105843},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105845,3989],{},[38,105847,105848],{"className":40,"code":98206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105849,105850,105860],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105851,105852,105854,105856,105858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105853,98213],{"class":53},[47,105855,58],{"class":57},[47,105857,15828],{"class":1788},[47,105859,8836],{"class":98},[47,105861,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105863,95],{"class":94},[47,105865,99],{"class":98},[47,105867,1922],{"class":1788},[47,105869,99],{"class":98},[47,105871,98232],{"class":102},[47,105873,1796],{"class":98},[20,105875,144],{},[38,105877,105878],{"className":40,"code":9046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105879,105880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105881,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890,105892],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105883,3482],{"class":57},[47,105885,3485],{"class":2266},[47,105887,3488],{"class":61},[47,105889,6480],{"class":65},[47,105891,3493],{"class":61},[47,105893,3496],{"class":57},[447,105895,167,105897,105899],{"id":105896},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105898,100205],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[38,105901,105903],{"className":40,"code":105902,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105904,105905,105925],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105906,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921,105923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105908,3810],{"class":53},[47,105910,58],{"class":57},[47,105912,10683],{"class":98},[47,105914,1476],{"class":80},[47,105916,136],{"class":98},[47,105918,1562],{"class":80},[47,105920,136],{"class":98},[47,105922,249],{"class":80},[47,105924,9500],{"class":98},[47,105926,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105928,95],{"class":94},[47,105930,99],{"class":98},[47,105932,1922],{"class":1788},[47,105934,99],{"class":98},[47,105936,195],{"class":102},[47,105938,1796],{"class":98},[20,105940,144],{},[38,105942,105943],{"className":40,"code":9046,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105944,105945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105946,105947,105949,105951,105953,105955,105957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105948,3482],{"class":57},[47,105950,3485],{"class":2266},[47,105952,3488],{"class":61},[47,105954,6480],{"class":65},[47,105956,3493],{"class":61},[47,105958,3496],{"class":57},[447,105960,167,105962,105964],{"id":105961},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105963,3984],{}," for an empty dictionary",[38,105966,105968],{"className":40,"code":105967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105969,105970,105979],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,105971,105972,105975,105977],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,105973,105974],{"class":53},"empty_dict ",[47,105976,58],{"class":57},[47,105978,10030],{"class":98},[47,105980,105981,105983,105985,105987,105989,105992],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,105982,95],{"class":94},[47,105984,99],{"class":98},[47,105986,1922],{"class":1788},[47,105988,99],{"class":98},[47,105990,105991],{"class":102},"empty_dict",[47,105993,1796],{"class":98},[20,105995,144],{},[38,105997,105998],{"className":40,"code":9002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,105999,106000],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106001,106002,106004,106006,106008,106010,106012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106003,3482],{"class":57},[47,106005,3485],{"class":2266},[47,106007,3488],{"class":61},[47,106009,9015],{"class":65},[47,106011,3493],{"class":61},[47,106013,3496],{"class":57},[20,106015,106016],{},"So the rule is simple:",[187,106018,106019,106024,106029],{},[190,106020,106021,106023],{},[15,106022,3989],{}," → empty set",[190,106025,106026,106028],{},[15,106027,100205],{}," → non-empty set",[190,106030,106031,106033],{},[15,106032,3984],{}," → empty dictionary",[33,106035,1595],{"id":1594},[20,106037,106038,106039,445],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106040,3989],{},[447,106042,1654,106043,99803],{"id":99800},[15,106044,3984],{},[20,106046,106047],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[38,106049,106050],{"className":40,"code":99809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,106051,106052,106060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106053,106054,106056,106058],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106055,2644],{"class":53},[47,106057,58],{"class":57},[47,106059,10030],{"class":98},[47,106061,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106063,95],{"class":94},[47,106065,99],{"class":98},[47,106067,1922],{"class":1788},[47,106069,99],{"class":98},[47,106071,2668],{"class":102},[47,106073,1796],{"class":98},[447,106075,106077,106078],{"id":106076},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106079,106080],{},"set(5)",[20,106082,106083,106085],{},[15,106084,3989],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[38,106087,106089],{"className":40,"code":106088,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set(5)\n",[15,106090,106091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106092,106093,106095,106097,106099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106094,6480],{"class":1788},[47,106096,99],{"class":98},[47,106098,232],{"class":80},[47,106100,106],{"class":98},[20,106102,3194,106103,106105,106106,445],{},[15,106104,1707],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[594,106107,106109],{"href":106108},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[447,106111,106113],{"id":106112},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106115,106116],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,106118,106120],{"className":40,"code":106119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106121,106122],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106123,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132,106134,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106125,2644],{"class":53},[47,106127,58],{"class":57},[47,106129,99540],{"class":98},[47,106131,1476],{"class":80},[47,106133,136],{"class":98},[47,106135,1562],{"class":80},[47,106137,18258],{"class":98},[47,106139,3815],{"class":98},[47,106141,2263],{"class":80},[47,106143,136],{"class":98},[47,106145,393],{"class":80},[47,106147,13900],{"class":98},[447,106149,1807,106151,106153],{"id":106150},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106152,3989],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106155,106156],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[447,106158,37396,106160,8898,106162,3072,106164],{"id":106159},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106161,3989],{},[15,106163,24979],{},[15,106165,9313],{},[20,106167,106168],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[33,106170,60895],{"id":60894},[20,106172,11306],{},[38,106174,106176],{"className":40,"code":106175,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106177,106178,106193,106203,106217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106179,106180,106182,106184,106186,106188,106191],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106181,95],{"class":94},[47,106183,99],{"class":98},[47,106185,1922],{"class":1788},[47,106187,99],{"class":98},[47,106189,106190],{"class":102},"my_value",[47,106192,1796],{"class":98},[47,106194,106195,106197,106199,106201],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106196,95],{"class":94},[47,106198,99],{"class":98},[47,106200,106190],{"class":102},[47,106202,106],{"class":98},[47,106204,106205,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,106206,95],{"class":94},[47,106208,99],{"class":98},[47,106210,8288],{"class":1788},[47,106212,99],{"class":98},[47,106214,15861],{"class":102},[47,106216,1796],{"class":98},[47,106218,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227,106229],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,106220,95],{"class":94},[47,106222,99],{"class":98},[47,106224,11355],{"class":94},[47,106226,99],{"class":98},[47,106228,15861],{"class":102},[47,106230,1796],{"class":98},[20,106232,106233],{},"What they help you see:",[187,106235,106236,106242,106247,106253],{},[190,106237,106238,106241],{},[15,106239,106240],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[190,106243,106244,1951],{},[15,106245,106246],{},"print(my_value)",[190,106248,106249,106252],{},[15,106250,106251],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[190,106254,106255,106258],{},[15,106256,106257],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[33,106260,1969],{"id":1968},[447,106262,106264],{"id":106263},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106266,106267],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[447,106269,106271],{"id":106270},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106273,167,106274,106276,106277,106279],{},[15,106275,3989],{},". Do not use ",[15,106278,3984],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[447,106281,106283],{"id":106282},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106285,106286],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[447,106288,106290],{"id":106289},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106292,106293],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106295,204],{},[38,106297,106299],{"className":40,"code":106298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106300,106301],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106302,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106304,95],{"class":94},[47,106306,99],{"class":98},[47,106308,6480],{"class":1788},[47,106310,99],{"class":98},[47,106312,128],{"class":61},[47,106314,4272],{"class":65},[47,106316,128],{"class":61},[47,106318,1796],{"class":98},[20,106320,30228],{},[38,106322,106324],{"className":40,"code":106323,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106325,106326],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106327,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106329,9470],{"class":98},[47,106331,3493],{"class":61},[47,106333,594],{"class":65},[47,106335,3493],{"class":61},[47,106337,136],{"class":98},[47,106339,3488],{"class":61},[47,106341,20],{"class":65},[47,106343,3493],{"class":61},[47,106345,136],{"class":98},[47,106347,3488],{"class":61},[47,106349,60641],{"class":65},[47,106351,3493],{"class":61},[47,106353,136],{"class":98},[47,106355,3488],{"class":61},[47,106357,60632],{"class":65},[47,106359,3493],{"class":61},[47,106361,9500],{"class":98},[447,106363,2002,106365,106368],{"id":106364},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106366,106367],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106370,106371,28885,106373,106376],{},[15,106372,3989],{},[280,106374,106375],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106378,106379],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[38,106381,106383],{"className":40,"code":106382,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106384,106385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106386,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395,106397,106399,106401,106403,106405,106407,106409],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106388,95],{"class":94},[47,106390,99],{"class":98},[47,106392,6480],{"class":1788},[47,106394,3178],{"class":98},[47,106396,1476],{"class":80},[47,106398,136],{"class":98},[47,106400,1562],{"class":80},[47,106402,136],{"class":98},[47,106404,249],{"class":80},[47,106406,136],{"class":98},[47,106408,393],{"class":80},[47,106410,3191],{"class":98},[33,106412,2075],{"id":2074},[187,106414,106415,106419,106423,106427,106431],{},[190,106416,106417],{},[594,106418,96251],{"href":96250},[190,106420,106421],{},[594,106422,104415],{"href":96254},[190,106424,106425],{},[594,106426,100267],{"href":105266},[190,106428,106429],{},[594,106430,104973],{"href":65033},[190,106432,106433],{},[594,106434,106109],{"href":106108},[2110,106436,106437],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":106439},[106440,106441,106442,106443,106444,106450,106451,106452,106460,106470,106471,106479],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":104591,"depth":72,"text":104592},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":104976,"depth":72,"text":104977},{"id":105163,"depth":72,"text":105164,"children":106445},[106446,106447,106448,106449],{"id":105167,"depth":84,"text":105168},{"id":105269,"depth":84,"text":105270},{"id":105353,"depth":84,"text":105354},{"id":105445,"depth":84,"text":105446},{"id":105513,"depth":72,"text":105514},{"id":105727,"depth":72,"text":105728},{"id":105836,"depth":72,"text":105837,"children":106453},[106454,106456,106458],{"id":105843,"depth":84,"text":106455},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105896,"depth":84,"text":106457},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105961,"depth":84,"text":106459},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":106461},[106462,106463,106465,106466,106468],{"id":99800,"depth":84,"text":100308},{"id":106076,"depth":84,"text":106464},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106112,"depth":84,"text":106113},{"id":106150,"depth":84,"text":106467},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106159,"depth":84,"text":106469},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60894,"depth":72,"text":60895},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":106472},[106473,106474,106475,106476,106477],{"id":106263,"depth":84,"text":106264},{"id":106270,"depth":84,"text":106271},{"id":106282,"depth":84,"text":106283},{"id":106289,"depth":84,"text":106290},{"id":106364,"depth":84,"text":106478},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104473,"description":106480},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106487,"title":106488,"body":106489,"description":108004,"extension":2167,"meta":108005,"navigation":87,"path":108006,"seo":108007,"stem":108008,"__hash__":108009},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106490,"toc":107980},[106491,106497,106502,106505,106588,106593,106598,106603,106605,106618,106622,106624,106643,106646,106669,106672,106683,106685,106766,106768,106785,106787,106793,106796,106891,106893,106924,106926,106934,106936,106939,107050,107052,107077,107079,107101,107106,107111,107117,107226,107228,107244,107247,107250,107333,107335,107352,107360,107362,107366,107372,107463,107465,107498,107503,107510,107587,107589,107606,107612,107614,107618,107634,107637,107663,107665,107726,107728,107851,107853,107904,107910,107912,107917,107919,107925,107928,107932,107935,107939,107942,107952,107954,107977],[10,106492,13,106494,11516],{"id":106493},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106495,106496],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106498,850,106499,106501],{},[15,106500,106496],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106503,106504],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[38,106506,106508],{"className":40,"code":106507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106509,106510,106530,106550,106554,106573,106583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106511,106512,106514,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106513,2750],{"class":53},[47,106515,58],{"class":57},[47,106517,10683],{"class":98},[47,106519,1476],{"class":80},[47,106521,136],{"class":98},[47,106523,1562],{"class":80},[47,106525,136],{"class":98},[47,106527,249],{"class":80},[47,106529,9500],{"class":98},[47,106531,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106533,2777],{"class":53},[47,106535,58],{"class":57},[47,106537,10683],{"class":98},[47,106539,243],{"class":80},[47,106541,136],{"class":98},[47,106543,249],{"class":80},[47,106545,136],{"class":98},[47,106547,393],{"class":80},[47,106549,9500],{"class":98},[47,106551,106552],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,106553,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,106555,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106567,106569,106571],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,106557,1290],{"class":53},[47,106559,58],{"class":57},[47,106561,57072],{"class":53},[47,106563,445],{"class":98},[47,106565,106566],{"class":102},"intersection",[47,106568,99],{"class":98},[47,106570,4957],{"class":102},[47,106572,106],{"class":98},[47,106574,106575,106577,106579,106581],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,106576,95],{"class":94},[47,106578,99],{"class":98},[47,106580,1315],{"class":102},[47,106582,106],{"class":98},[47,106584,106585],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,106586,106587],{"class":3857},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106589,167,106590,106592],{},[15,106591,102714],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[33,106594,13191,106596,13194],{"id":106595},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106597,102714],{},[20,106599,106600,106602],{},[15,106601,102714],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106604,13247],{},[187,106606,106607,106610,106612,106615],{},[190,106608,106609],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[190,106611,100484],{},[190,106613,106614],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[190,106616,106617],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106619,96247,106620,445],{},[594,106621,96251],{"href":96250},[33,106623,290],{"id":289},[38,106625,106627],{"className":40,"code":106626,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106628,106629],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106630,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106632,100508],{"class":53},[47,106634,445],{"class":98},[47,106636,106566],{"class":102},[47,106638,99],{"class":98},[47,106640,100517],{"class":102},[47,106642,106],{"class":98},[20,106644,106645],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[38,106647,106649],{"className":40,"code":106648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106650,106651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106652,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106654,100508],{"class":53},[47,106656,445],{"class":98},[47,106658,106566],{"class":102},[47,106660,99],{"class":98},[47,106662,100517],{"class":102},[47,106664,136],{"class":98},[47,106666,100544],{"class":102},[47,106668,106],{"class":98},[20,106670,106671],{},"Important notes:",[187,106673,106674,106677,106680],{},[190,106675,106676],{},"The result is always a new set",[190,106678,106679],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[190,106681,106682],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106684,204],{},[38,106686,106688],{"className":40,"code":106687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106689,106690,106714,106734,106738,106756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106691,106692,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106693,2750],{"class":53},[47,106695,58],{"class":57},[47,106697,10683],{"class":98},[47,106699,1476],{"class":80},[47,106701,136],{"class":98},[47,106703,1562],{"class":80},[47,106705,136],{"class":98},[47,106707,249],{"class":80},[47,106709,136],{"class":98},[47,106711,393],{"class":80},[47,106713,9500],{"class":98},[47,106715,106716,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730,106732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106717,2777],{"class":53},[47,106719,58],{"class":57},[47,106721,10683],{"class":98},[47,106723,2263],{"class":80},[47,106725,136],{"class":98},[47,106727,393],{"class":80},[47,106729,136],{"class":98},[47,106731,4800],{"class":80},[47,106733,9500],{"class":98},[47,106735,106736],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,106737,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,106739,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,106741,1290],{"class":53},[47,106743,58],{"class":57},[47,106745,57072],{"class":53},[47,106747,445],{"class":98},[47,106749,106566],{"class":102},[47,106751,99],{"class":98},[47,106753,4957],{"class":102},[47,106755,106],{"class":98},[47,106757,106758,106760,106762,106764],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,106759,95],{"class":94},[47,106761,99],{"class":98},[47,106763,1315],{"class":102},[47,106765,106],{"class":98},[20,106767,144],{},[38,106769,106771],{"className":40,"code":106770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106772,106773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106774,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106776,9470],{"class":98},[47,106778,2263],{"class":80},[47,106780,136],{"class":98},[47,106782,393],{"class":80},[47,106784,9500],{"class":98},[33,106786,17615],{"id":17614},[20,106788,106789,22172,106791,445],{},[15,106790,102714],{},[280,106792,6480],{},[20,106794,106795],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[38,106797,106799],{"className":40,"code":106798,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106800,106801,106821,106841,106845,106863,106867,106877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106802,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106804,2750],{"class":53},[47,106806,58],{"class":57},[47,106808,10683],{"class":98},[47,106810,1476],{"class":80},[47,106812,136],{"class":98},[47,106814,1562],{"class":80},[47,106816,136],{"class":98},[47,106818,249],{"class":80},[47,106820,9500],{"class":98},[47,106822,106823,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106824,2777],{"class":53},[47,106826,58],{"class":57},[47,106828,10683],{"class":98},[47,106830,243],{"class":80},[47,106832,136],{"class":98},[47,106834,249],{"class":80},[47,106836,136],{"class":98},[47,106838,393],{"class":80},[47,106840,9500],{"class":98},[47,106842,106843],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,106844,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,106846,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,106848,1290],{"class":53},[47,106850,58],{"class":57},[47,106852,57072],{"class":53},[47,106854,445],{"class":98},[47,106856,106566],{"class":102},[47,106858,99],{"class":98},[47,106860,4957],{"class":102},[47,106862,106],{"class":98},[47,106864,106865],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,106866,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,106868,106869,106871,106873,106875],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,106870,95],{"class":94},[47,106872,99],{"class":98},[47,106874,1315],{"class":102},[47,106876,106],{"class":98},[47,106878,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,106880,95],{"class":94},[47,106882,99],{"class":98},[47,106884,1922],{"class":1788},[47,106886,99],{"class":98},[47,106888,1315],{"class":102},[47,106890,1796],{"class":98},[20,106892,144],{},[38,106894,106896],{"className":40,"code":106895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106897,106898,106910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106899,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106901,9470],{"class":98},[47,106903,243],{"class":80},[47,106905,136],{"class":98},[47,106907,249],{"class":80},[47,106909,9500],{"class":98},[47,106911,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106913,3482],{"class":57},[47,106915,3485],{"class":2266},[47,106917,3488],{"class":61},[47,106919,6480],{"class":65},[47,106921,3493],{"class":61},[47,106923,3496],{"class":57},[20,106925,1858],{},[187,106927,106928,106931],{},[190,106929,106930],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[190,106932,106933],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[33,106935,11670],{"id":11669},[20,106937,106938],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[38,106940,106942],{"className":40,"code":106941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106943,106944,106977,107010,107014,107035,107039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,106945,106946,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973,106975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,106947,106948],{"class":53},"colors1 ",[47,106950,58],{"class":57},[47,106952,10683],{"class":98},[47,106954,128],{"class":61},[47,106956,876],{"class":65},[47,106958,128],{"class":61},[47,106960,136],{"class":98},[47,106962,62],{"class":61},[47,106964,894],{"class":65},[47,106966,128],{"class":61},[47,106968,136],{"class":98},[47,106970,62],{"class":61},[47,106972,885],{"class":65},[47,106974,128],{"class":61},[47,106976,9500],{"class":98},[47,106978,106979,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,106980,106981],{"class":53},"colors2 ",[47,106983,58],{"class":57},[47,106985,10683],{"class":98},[47,106987,128],{"class":61},[47,106989,885],{"class":65},[47,106991,128],{"class":61},[47,106993,136],{"class":98},[47,106995,62],{"class":61},[47,106997,22721],{"class":65},[47,106999,128],{"class":61},[47,107001,136],{"class":98},[47,107003,62],{"class":61},[47,107005,894],{"class":65},[47,107007,128],{"class":61},[47,107009,9500],{"class":98},[47,107011,107012],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107013,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107015,107016,107019,107021,107024,107026,107028,107030,107033],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107017,107018],{"class":53},"common_colors ",[47,107020,58],{"class":57},[47,107022,107023],{"class":53}," colors1",[47,107025,445],{"class":98},[47,107027,106566],{"class":102},[47,107029,99],{"class":98},[47,107031,107032],{"class":102},"colors2",[47,107034,106],{"class":98},[47,107036,107037],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107038,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107040,107041,107043,107045,107048],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,107042,95],{"class":94},[47,107044,99],{"class":98},[47,107046,107047],{"class":102},"common_colors",[47,107049,106],{"class":98},[20,107051,144],{},[38,107053,107055],{"className":40,"code":107054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107056,107057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107058,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073,107075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107060,9470],{"class":98},[47,107062,3493],{"class":61},[47,107064,894],{"class":65},[47,107066,3493],{"class":61},[47,107068,136],{"class":98},[47,107070,3488],{"class":61},[47,107072,885],{"class":65},[47,107074,3493],{"class":61},[47,107076,9500],{"class":98},[20,107078,11879],{},[187,107080,107081,107087,107091,107096],{},[190,107082,107083,107086],{},[15,107084,107085],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[190,107088,107089,107086],{},[15,107090,107032],{},[190,107092,107093,107095],{},[15,107094,102714],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[190,107097,107098,107099],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107100,107047],{},[33,107102,1654,107104,101081],{"id":107103},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107105,102714],{},[20,107107,107108,107109,445],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107110,102714],{},[20,107112,107113,107114,107116],{},"Only the values found in ",[280,107115,3908],{}," inputs will be kept.",[38,107118,107120],{"className":40,"code":107119,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107121,107122,107146,107170,107190,107194,107216],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107123,107124,107126,107128,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107125,2750],{"class":53},[47,107127,58],{"class":57},[47,107129,10683],{"class":98},[47,107131,1476],{"class":80},[47,107133,136],{"class":98},[47,107135,1562],{"class":80},[47,107137,136],{"class":98},[47,107139,249],{"class":80},[47,107141,136],{"class":98},[47,107143,393],{"class":80},[47,107145,9500],{"class":98},[47,107147,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160,107162,107164,107166,107168],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107149,2777],{"class":53},[47,107151,58],{"class":57},[47,107153,10683],{"class":98},[47,107155,243],{"class":80},[47,107157,136],{"class":98},[47,107159,249],{"class":80},[47,107161,136],{"class":98},[47,107163,393],{"class":80},[47,107165,136],{"class":98},[47,107167,4800],{"class":80},[47,107169,9500],{"class":98},[47,107171,107172,107174,107176,107178,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107173,83368],{"class":53},[47,107175,58],{"class":57},[47,107177,10683],{"class":98},[47,107179,2263],{"class":80},[47,107181,136],{"class":98},[47,107183,393],{"class":80},[47,107185,136],{"class":98},[47,107187,398],{"class":80},[47,107189,9500],{"class":98},[47,107191,107192],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107193,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107195,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107197,1290],{"class":53},[47,107199,58],{"class":57},[47,107201,57072],{"class":53},[47,107203,445],{"class":98},[47,107205,106566],{"class":102},[47,107207,99],{"class":98},[47,107209,4957],{"class":102},[47,107211,136],{"class":98},[47,107213,9873],{"class":102},[47,107215,106],{"class":98},[47,107217,107218,107220,107222,107224],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,107219,95],{"class":94},[47,107221,99],{"class":98},[47,107223,1315],{"class":102},[47,107225,106],{"class":98},[20,107227,144],{},[38,107229,107230],{"className":40,"code":106770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107231,107232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107235,9470],{"class":98},[47,107237,2263],{"class":80},[47,107239,136],{"class":98},[47,107241,393],{"class":80},[47,107243,9500],{"class":98},[20,107245,107246],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107248,107249],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[38,107251,107253],{"className":40,"code":107252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107254,107255,107279,107283,107323],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107256,107257,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275,107277],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107258,2750],{"class":53},[47,107260,58],{"class":57},[47,107262,10683],{"class":98},[47,107264,1476],{"class":80},[47,107266,136],{"class":98},[47,107268,1562],{"class":80},[47,107270,136],{"class":98},[47,107272,249],{"class":80},[47,107274,136],{"class":98},[47,107276,393],{"class":80},[47,107278,9500],{"class":98},[47,107280,107281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107282,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107284,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317,107319,107321],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107286,1290],{"class":53},[47,107288,58],{"class":57},[47,107290,57072],{"class":53},[47,107292,445],{"class":98},[47,107294,106566],{"class":102},[47,107296,3178],{"class":98},[47,107298,243],{"class":80},[47,107300,136],{"class":98},[47,107302,393],{"class":80},[47,107304,136],{"class":98},[47,107306,398],{"class":80},[47,107308,18258],{"class":98},[47,107310,9428],{"class":98},[47,107312,1476],{"class":80},[47,107314,136],{"class":98},[47,107316,1562],{"class":80},[47,107318,136],{"class":98},[47,107320,393],{"class":80},[47,107322,1796],{"class":98},[47,107324,107325,107327,107329,107331],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107326,95],{"class":94},[47,107328,99],{"class":98},[47,107330,1315],{"class":102},[47,107332,106],{"class":98},[20,107334,144],{},[38,107336,107338],{"className":40,"code":107337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107339,107340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107341,107342,107344,107346,107348,107350],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107343,9470],{"class":98},[47,107345,243],{"class":80},[47,107347,136],{"class":98},[47,107349,393],{"class":80},[47,107351,9500],{"class":98},[33,107353,107355,10778,107357],{"id":107354},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107356,102714],{},[15,107358,107359],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107361,101251],{},[447,107363,107364],{"id":106566},[15,107365,102714],{},[187,107367,107368,107370],{},[190,107369,101260],{},[190,107371,101263],{},[38,107373,107375],{"className":40,"code":107374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107376,107377,107397,107417,107421,107439,107443,107453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107378,107379,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107380,2750],{"class":53},[47,107382,58],{"class":57},[47,107384,10683],{"class":98},[47,107386,1476],{"class":80},[47,107388,136],{"class":98},[47,107390,1562],{"class":80},[47,107392,136],{"class":98},[47,107394,249],{"class":80},[47,107396,9500],{"class":98},[47,107398,107399,107401,107403,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107400,2777],{"class":53},[47,107402,58],{"class":57},[47,107404,10683],{"class":98},[47,107406,243],{"class":80},[47,107408,136],{"class":98},[47,107410,249],{"class":80},[47,107412,136],{"class":98},[47,107414,393],{"class":80},[47,107416,9500],{"class":98},[47,107418,107419],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107420,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107422,107423,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107424,1290],{"class":53},[47,107426,58],{"class":57},[47,107428,57072],{"class":53},[47,107430,445],{"class":98},[47,107432,106566],{"class":102},[47,107434,99],{"class":98},[47,107436,4957],{"class":102},[47,107438,106],{"class":98},[47,107440,107441],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107442,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107444,107445,107447,107449,107451],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,107446,95],{"class":94},[47,107448,99],{"class":98},[47,107450,594],{"class":102},[47,107452,106],{"class":98},[47,107454,107455,107457,107459,107461],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,107456,95],{"class":94},[47,107458,99],{"class":98},[47,107460,1315],{"class":102},[47,107462,106],{"class":98},[20,107464,144],{},[38,107466,107468],{"className":40,"code":107467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107469,107470,107486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107471,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107473,9470],{"class":98},[47,107475,1476],{"class":80},[47,107477,136],{"class":98},[47,107479,1562],{"class":80},[47,107481,136],{"class":98},[47,107483,249],{"class":80},[47,107485,9500],{"class":98},[47,107487,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107489,9470],{"class":98},[47,107491,243],{"class":80},[47,107493,136],{"class":98},[47,107495,249],{"class":80},[47,107497,9500],{"class":98},[447,107499,107501],{"id":107500},"intersection_update",[15,107502,107359],{},[187,107504,107505,107507],{},[190,107506,101403],{},[190,107508,107509],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[38,107511,107513],{"className":40,"code":107512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107514,107515,107535,107555,107559,107573,107577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107516,107517,107519,107521,107523,107525,107527,107529,107531,107533],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107518,2750],{"class":53},[47,107520,58],{"class":57},[47,107522,10683],{"class":98},[47,107524,1476],{"class":80},[47,107526,136],{"class":98},[47,107528,1562],{"class":80},[47,107530,136],{"class":98},[47,107532,249],{"class":80},[47,107534,9500],{"class":98},[47,107536,107537,107539,107541,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107538,2777],{"class":53},[47,107540,58],{"class":57},[47,107542,10683],{"class":98},[47,107544,243],{"class":80},[47,107546,136],{"class":98},[47,107548,249],{"class":80},[47,107550,136],{"class":98},[47,107552,393],{"class":80},[47,107554,9500],{"class":98},[47,107556,107557],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107558,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107560,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107562,594],{"class":53},[47,107564,445],{"class":98},[47,107566,107500],{"class":102},[47,107568,99],{"class":98},[47,107570,4957],{"class":102},[47,107572,106],{"class":98},[47,107574,107575],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107576,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107578,107579,107581,107583,107585],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,107580,95],{"class":94},[47,107582,99],{"class":98},[47,107584,594],{"class":102},[47,107586,106],{"class":98},[20,107588,144],{},[38,107590,107592],{"className":40,"code":107591,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107593,107594],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107595,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107597,9470],{"class":98},[47,107599,243],{"class":80},[47,107601,136],{"class":98},[47,107603,249],{"class":80},[47,107605,9500],{"class":98},[20,107607,107608,107609,107611],{},"Choose ",[15,107610,102714],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[33,107613,4713],{"id":4712},[20,107615,14927,107616,420],{},[15,107617,102714],{},[187,107619,107620,107623,107626,107629],{},[190,107621,107622],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[190,107624,107625],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[190,107627,107628],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[190,107630,107631,107632],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107633,102714],{},[20,107635,107636],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[187,107638,107639,107644,107647,107660],{},[190,107640,1654,107641,107643],{},[15,107642,102714],{}," when order matters",[190,107645,107646],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[190,107648,37396,107649,8898,107651,3072,107656],{},[15,107650,102714],{},[594,107652,107654],{"href":107653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107655,102722],{},[594,107657,107658],{"href":102763},[15,107659,100337],{},[190,107661,107662],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107664,30334],{},[38,107666,107668],{"className":40,"code":107667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107669,107670,107680,107694,107712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107671,107672,107674,107676,107678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107673,95],{"class":94},[47,107675,99],{"class":98},[47,107677,15861],{"class":102},[47,107679,106],{"class":98},[47,107681,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690,107692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107683,95],{"class":94},[47,107685,99],{"class":98},[47,107687,1922],{"class":1788},[47,107689,99],{"class":98},[47,107691,1315],{"class":102},[47,107693,1796],{"class":98},[47,107695,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708,107710],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107697,95],{"class":94},[47,107699,99],{"class":98},[47,107701,100508],{"class":102},[47,107703,445],{"class":98},[47,107705,106566],{"class":102},[47,107707,99],{"class":98},[47,107709,100517],{"class":102},[47,107711,1796],{"class":98},[47,107713,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107715,95],{"class":94},[47,107717,99],{"class":98},[47,107719,11355],{"class":94},[47,107721,99],{"class":98},[47,107723,1315],{"class":102},[47,107725,1796],{"class":98},[20,107727,204],{},[38,107729,107731],{"className":40,"code":107730,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107732,107733,107757,107777,107781,107799,107803,107813,107823,107837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107734,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107736,3810],{"class":53},[47,107738,58],{"class":57},[47,107740,10683],{"class":98},[47,107742,1476],{"class":80},[47,107744,136],{"class":98},[47,107746,1562],{"class":80},[47,107748,136],{"class":98},[47,107750,1562],{"class":80},[47,107752,136],{"class":98},[47,107754,249],{"class":80},[47,107756,9500],{"class":98},[47,107758,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107760,43739],{"class":53},[47,107762,58],{"class":57},[47,107764,10683],{"class":98},[47,107766,243],{"class":80},[47,107768,136],{"class":98},[47,107770,249],{"class":80},[47,107772,136],{"class":98},[47,107774,393],{"class":80},[47,107776,9500],{"class":98},[47,107778,107779],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107780,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107782,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107784,1290],{"class":53},[47,107786,58],{"class":57},[47,107788,4457],{"class":53},[47,107790,445],{"class":98},[47,107792,106566],{"class":102},[47,107794,99],{"class":98},[47,107796,30941],{"class":102},[47,107798,106],{"class":98},[47,107800,107801],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,107802,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,107804,107805,107807,107809,107811],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,107806,95],{"class":94},[47,107808,99],{"class":98},[47,107810,195],{"class":102},[47,107812,106],{"class":98},[47,107814,107815,107817,107819,107821],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,107816,95],{"class":94},[47,107818,99],{"class":98},[47,107820,1315],{"class":102},[47,107822,106],{"class":98},[47,107824,107825,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,107826,95],{"class":94},[47,107828,99],{"class":98},[47,107830,1922],{"class":1788},[47,107832,99],{"class":98},[47,107834,1315],{"class":102},[47,107836,1796],{"class":98},[47,107838,107839,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,107840,95],{"class":94},[47,107842,99],{"class":98},[47,107844,11355],{"class":94},[47,107846,99],{"class":98},[47,107848,1315],{"class":102},[47,107850,1796],{"class":98},[20,107852,144],{},[38,107854,107856],{"className":40,"code":107855,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107857,107858,107874,107886,107900],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107859,107860,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107861,9470],{"class":98},[47,107863,1476],{"class":80},[47,107865,136],{"class":98},[47,107867,1562],{"class":80},[47,107869,136],{"class":98},[47,107871,249],{"class":80},[47,107873,9500],{"class":98},[47,107875,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,107877,9470],{"class":98},[47,107879,243],{"class":80},[47,107881,136],{"class":98},[47,107883,249],{"class":80},[47,107885,9500],{"class":98},[47,107887,107888,107890,107892,107894,107896,107898],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,107889,3482],{"class":57},[47,107891,3485],{"class":2266},[47,107893,3488],{"class":61},[47,107895,6480],{"class":65},[47,107897,3493],{"class":61},[47,107899,3496],{"class":57},[47,107901,107902],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,107903,17252],{"class":80},[20,107905,107906,107907,107909],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107908,243],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[33,107911,1969],{"id":1968},[447,107913,1973,107915,102662],{"id":107914},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107916,102714],{},[20,107918,102665],{},[447,107920,1989,107922,107924],{"id":107921},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107923,102714],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107926,107927],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[447,107929,107931],{"id":107930},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107933,107934],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[447,107936,107938],{"id":107937},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107940,107941],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[38,107943,107944],{"className":40,"code":97381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,107945,107946],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,107947,107948,107950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,107949,6480],{"class":1788},[47,107951,8836],{"class":98},[33,107953,2075],{"id":2074},[187,107955,107956,107960,107967,107973],{},[190,107957,107958],{},[594,107959,96251],{"href":96250},[190,107961,107962],{},[594,107963,13,107964,10934],{"href":107653},[15,107965,107966],{},"set.union()",[190,107968,107969],{},[594,107970,13,107971,10934],{"href":102763},[15,107972,100342],{},[190,107974,107975],{},[594,107976,100267],{"href":105266},[2110,107978,107979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":107981},[107982,107984,107985,107986,107987,107989,107994,107995,108003],{"id":106595,"depth":72,"text":107983},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":107103,"depth":72,"text":107988},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107354,"depth":72,"text":107990,"children":107991},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107992,107993],{"id":106566,"depth":84,"text":102714},{"id":107500,"depth":84,"text":107359},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":107996},[107997,107999,108001,108002],{"id":107914,"depth":84,"text":107998},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107921,"depth":84,"text":108000},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107930,"depth":84,"text":107931},{"id":107937,"depth":84,"text":107938},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106488,"description":108004},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108011,"title":108012,"body":108013,"description":109249,"extension":2167,"meta":109250,"navigation":87,"path":109251,"seo":109252,"stem":109253,"__hash__":109254},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108014,"toc":109216},[108015,108020,108026,108035,108037,108112,108117,108132,108142,108147,108151,108164,108168,108170,108185,108187,108203,108205,108280,108284,108287,108289,108306,108311,108366,108371,108383,108387,108390,108491,108493,108534,108537,108541,108548,108550,108575,108578,108596,108603,108609,108612,108694,108701,108704,108784,108793,108796,108801,108805,108819,108868,108873,108877,108888,108937,108948,108953,108957,108969,109018,109029,109031,109035,109058,109060,109117,109119,109133,109135,109141,109147,109153,109162,109166,109173,109177,109185,109187,109213],[10,108016,96123,108018,11516],{"id":108017},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108019,12957],{},[20,108021,108022,108025],{},[15,108023,108024],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108027,108028,108029,108031,108032,108034],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[280,108030,4826],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108033,12957],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[33,108036,36],{"id":35},[38,108038,108040],{"className":40,"code":108039,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108041,108042,108074,108088,108092,108102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108043,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070,108072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108045,7975],{"class":53},[47,108047,58],{"class":57},[47,108049,10683],{"class":98},[47,108051,128],{"class":61},[47,108053,4272],{"class":65},[47,108055,128],{"class":61},[47,108057,136],{"class":98},[47,108059,62],{"class":61},[47,108061,4281],{"class":65},[47,108063,128],{"class":61},[47,108065,136],{"class":98},[47,108067,62],{"class":61},[47,108069,4290],{"class":65},[47,108071,128],{"class":61},[47,108073,9500],{"class":98},[47,108075,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108077,70119],{"class":53},[47,108079,58],{"class":57},[47,108081,6160],{"class":53},[47,108083,445],{"class":98},[47,108085,26440],{"class":102},[47,108087,8836],{"class":98},[47,108089,108090],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,108091,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,108093,108094,108096,108098,108100],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,108095,95],{"class":94},[47,108097,99],{"class":98},[47,108099,70142],{"class":102},[47,108101,106],{"class":98},[47,108103,108104,108106,108108,108110],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108105,95],{"class":94},[47,108107,99],{"class":98},[47,108109,8006],{"class":102},[47,108111,106],{"class":98},[20,108113,108114],{},[280,108115,108116],{},"What this does:",[187,108118,108119,108124,108129],{},[190,108120,108121,108122],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108123,8006],{},[190,108125,108126,108127],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108128,70142],{},[190,108130,108131],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108133,108134,278,108136,108138,108139,108141],{},[280,108135,84003],{},[15,108137,108024],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[280,108140,4826],{}," chosen by index.",[33,108143,174,108145,177],{"id":108144},"what-setpop-does",[15,108146,108024],{},[20,108148,108149,420],{},[15,108150,108024],{},[187,108152,108153,108155,108158,108161],{},[190,108154,102965],{},[190,108156,108157],{},"Returns the removed item",[190,108159,108160],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[190,108162,108163],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108165,96247,108166,445],{},[594,108167,96251],{"href":97422},[33,108169,290],{"id":289},[38,108171,108173],{"className":40,"code":108172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108174,108175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108176,108177,108179,108181,108183],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108178,15861],{"class":53},[47,108180,445],{"class":98},[47,108182,26440],{"class":102},[47,108184,8836],{"class":98},[20,108186,13247],{},[187,108188,108189,108195,108200],{},[190,108190,108191,108192],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108193,108194],{},"my_set.pop()",[190,108196,108197,108198],{},"It takes ",[280,108199,28888],{},[190,108201,108202],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108204,204],{},[38,108206,108208],{"className":40,"code":108207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108209,108210,108242,108256,108260,108270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108211,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220,108222,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234,108236,108238,108240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108213,13271],{"class":53},[47,108215,58],{"class":57},[47,108217,10683],{"class":98},[47,108219,128],{"class":61},[47,108221,876],{"class":65},[47,108223,128],{"class":61},[47,108225,136],{"class":98},[47,108227,62],{"class":61},[47,108229,894],{"class":65},[47,108231,128],{"class":61},[47,108233,136],{"class":98},[47,108235,62],{"class":61},[47,108237,885],{"class":65},[47,108239,128],{"class":61},[47,108241,9500],{"class":98},[47,108243,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108245,28738],{"class":53},[47,108247,58],{"class":57},[47,108249,13317],{"class":53},[47,108251,445],{"class":98},[47,108253,26440],{"class":102},[47,108255,8836],{"class":98},[47,108257,108258],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,108259,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,108261,108262,108264,108266,108268],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,108263,95],{"class":94},[47,108265,99],{"class":98},[47,108267,23508],{"class":102},[47,108269,106],{"class":98},[47,108271,108272,108274,108276,108278],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108273,95],{"class":94},[47,108275,99],{"class":98},[47,108277,17698],{"class":102},[47,108279,106],{"class":98},[33,108281,108283],{"id":108282},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108285,108286],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108288,2308],{},[187,108290,108291,108297,108300],{},[190,108292,108293,108294,108296],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108295,12957],{}," removes",[190,108298,108299],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[190,108301,108302,108303,108305],{},"You should not use ",[15,108304,12957],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108307,10653,108308,108310],{},[280,108309,4826],{}," valid:",[38,108312,108314],{"className":40,"code":108313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108315,108316,108348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108317,108318,108320,108322,108324,108326,108328,108330,108332,108334,108336,108338,108340,108342,108344,108346],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108319,36433],{"class":53},[47,108321,58],{"class":57},[47,108323,10683],{"class":98},[47,108325,128],{"class":61},[47,108327,4272],{"class":65},[47,108329,128],{"class":61},[47,108331,136],{"class":98},[47,108333,62],{"class":61},[47,108335,4281],{"class":65},[47,108337,128],{"class":61},[47,108339,136],{"class":98},[47,108341,62],{"class":61},[47,108343,4290],{"class":65},[47,108345,128],{"class":61},[47,108347,9500],{"class":98},[47,108349,108350,108352,108354,108356,108358,108360,108362,108364],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108351,36485],{"class":53},[47,108353,445],{"class":98},[47,108355,26440],{"class":102},[47,108357,99],{"class":98},[47,108359,128],{"class":61},[47,108361,4272],{"class":65},[47,108363,128],{"class":61},[47,108365,106],{"class":98},[20,108367,39845,108368,108370],{},[15,108369,108024],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108372,108373,108374,3072,108378,445],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[594,108375,108376],{"href":98132},[15,108377,102791],{},[594,108379,108381],{"href":108380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108382,102782],{},[33,108384,108386],{"id":108385},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108388,108389],{},"Here is a simple example:",[38,108391,108393],{"className":40,"code":108392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108394,108395,108429,108433,108449,108453,108472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108396,108397,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108425,108427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108398,108399],{"class":53},"animals ",[47,108401,58],{"class":57},[47,108403,10683],{"class":98},[47,108405,128],{"class":61},[47,108407,37239],{"class":65},[47,108409,128],{"class":61},[47,108411,136],{"class":98},[47,108413,62],{"class":61},[47,108415,58311],{"class":65},[47,108417,128],{"class":61},[47,108419,136],{"class":98},[47,108421,62],{"class":61},[47,108423,108424],{"class":65},"rabbit",[47,108426,128],{"class":61},[47,108428,9500],{"class":98},[47,108430,108431],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108432,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,108434,108435,108438,108440,108443,108445,108447],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,108436,108437],{"class":53},"removed_animal ",[47,108439,58],{"class":57},[47,108441,108442],{"class":53}," animals",[47,108444,445],{"class":98},[47,108446,26440],{"class":102},[47,108448,8836],{"class":98},[47,108450,108451],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,108452,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,108454,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463,108465,108467,108470],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108456,95],{"class":94},[47,108458,99],{"class":98},[47,108460,128],{"class":61},[47,108462,29156],{"class":65},[47,108464,128],{"class":61},[47,108466,136],{"class":98},[47,108468,108469],{"class":102}," removed_animal",[47,108471,106],{"class":98},[47,108473,108474,108476,108478,108480,108483,108485,108487,108489],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,108475,95],{"class":94},[47,108477,99],{"class":98},[47,108479,128],{"class":61},[47,108481,108482],{"class":65},"Updated set:",[47,108484,128],{"class":61},[47,108486,136],{"class":98},[47,108488,108442],{"class":102},[47,108490,106],{"class":98},[20,108492,30228],{},[38,108494,108496],{"className":40,"code":108495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108497,108498,108507],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108499,108500,108502,108504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108501,29198],{"class":53},[47,108503,420],{"class":98},[47,108505,108506],{"class":53}," dog\n",[47,108508,108509,108512,108514,108516,108518,108520,108522,108524,108526,108528,108530,108532],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108510,108511],{"class":53},"Updated ",[47,108513,6480],{"class":1788},[47,108515,420],{"class":98},[47,108517,10683],{"class":98},[47,108519,3493],{"class":61},[47,108521,37239],{"class":65},[47,108523,3493],{"class":61},[47,108525,136],{"class":98},[47,108527,3488],{"class":61},[47,108529,108424],{"class":65},[47,108531,3493],{"class":61},[47,108533,9500],{"class":98},[20,108535,108536],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[33,108538,108540],{"id":108539},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108542,29848,108543,108545,108546,445],{},[15,108544,12957],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108547,19884],{},[20,108549,204],{},[38,108551,108553],{"className":40,"code":108552,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108554,108555,108565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108556,108557,108559,108561,108563],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108558,7975],{"class":53},[47,108560,58],{"class":57},[47,108562,15828],{"class":1788},[47,108564,8836],{"class":98},[47,108566,108567,108569,108571,108573],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108568,8006],{"class":53},[47,108570,445],{"class":98},[47,108572,26440],{"class":102},[47,108574,8836],{"class":98},[20,108576,108577],{},"This raises:",[38,108579,108581],{"className":40,"code":108580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108582,108583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108584,108585,108587,108589,108591,108594],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108586,19884],{"class":1788},[47,108588,420],{"class":98},[47,108590,3488],{"class":61},[47,108592,108593],{"class":65},"pop from an empty set",[47,108595,29898],{"class":61},[20,108597,108598,108599,108602],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[594,108600,108601],{"href":11267},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[447,108604,108606,108607],{"id":108605},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108608,12957],{},[20,108610,108611],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[38,108613,108615],{"className":40,"code":108614,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108616,108617,108627,108631,108639,108654,108673,108679],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108618,108619,108621,108623,108625],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108620,7975],{"class":53},[47,108622,58],{"class":57},[47,108624,15828],{"class":1788},[47,108626,8836],{"class":98},[47,108628,108629],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108630,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,108632,108633,108635,108637],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,108634,7192],{"class":1461},[47,108636,6160],{"class":53},[47,108638,6586],{"class":98},[47,108640,108641,108644,108646,108648,108650,108652],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,108642,108643],{"class":53},"    removed ",[47,108645,58],{"class":57},[47,108647,6160],{"class":53},[47,108649,445],{"class":98},[47,108651,26440],{"class":102},[47,108653,8836],{"class":98},[47,108655,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668,108671],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108657,1499],{"class":94},[47,108659,99],{"class":98},[47,108661,128],{"class":61},[47,108663,29156],{"class":65},[47,108665,128],{"class":61},[47,108667,136],{"class":98},[47,108669,108670],{"class":102}," removed",[47,108672,106],{"class":98},[47,108674,108675,108677],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,108676,27633],{"class":1461},[47,108678,6586],{"class":98},[47,108680,108681,108683,108685,108687,108690,108692],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,108682,1499],{"class":94},[47,108684,99],{"class":98},[47,108686,128],{"class":61},[47,108688,108689],{"class":65},"The set is empty.",[47,108691,128],{"class":61},[47,108693,106],{"class":98},[447,108695,167,108697,839,108699],{"id":108696},"use-try-and-except",[15,108698,30002],{},[15,108700,30033],{},[20,108702,108703],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[38,108705,108707],{"className":40,"code":108706,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108708,108709,108719,108723,108729,108743,108761,108769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108710,108711,108713,108715,108717],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108712,7975],{"class":53},[47,108714,58],{"class":57},[47,108716,15828],{"class":1788},[47,108718,8836],{"class":98},[47,108720,108721],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108722,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,108724,108725,108727],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,108726,30002],{"class":1461},[47,108728,6586],{"class":98},[47,108730,108731,108733,108735,108737,108739,108741],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,108732,108643],{"class":53},[47,108734,58],{"class":57},[47,108736,6160],{"class":53},[47,108738,445],{"class":98},[47,108740,26440],{"class":102},[47,108742,8836],{"class":98},[47,108744,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108757,108759],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,108746,1499],{"class":94},[47,108748,99],{"class":98},[47,108750,128],{"class":61},[47,108752,29156],{"class":65},[47,108754,128],{"class":61},[47,108756,136],{"class":98},[47,108758,108670],{"class":102},[47,108760,106],{"class":98},[47,108762,108763,108765,108767],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,108764,30033],{"class":1461},[47,108766,30036],{"class":1788},[47,108768,6586],{"class":98},[47,108770,108771,108773,108775,108777,108780,108782],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,108772,1499],{"class":94},[47,108774,99],{"class":98},[47,108776,128],{"class":61},[47,108778,108779],{"class":65},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[47,108781,128],{"class":61},[47,108783,106],{"class":98},[33,108785,5158,108787,10778,108789,10778,108791],{"id":108786},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108788,12957],{},[15,108790,55713],{},[15,108792,102777],{},[20,108794,108795],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[447,108797,167,108799],{"id":108798},"use-pop",[15,108800,12957],{},[20,108802,167,108803,10794],{},[15,108804,12957],{},[187,108806,108807,108813,108816],{},[190,108808,108809,108810],{},"You want to remove ",[280,108811,108812],{},"any one item",[190,108814,108815],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[190,108817,108818],{},"You want the removed item returned",[38,108820,108822],{"className":40,"code":108821,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108823,108824,108844,108858],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108825,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834,108836,108838,108840,108842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108827,3810],{"class":53},[47,108829,58],{"class":57},[47,108831,10683],{"class":98},[47,108833,1476],{"class":80},[47,108835,136],{"class":98},[47,108837,1562],{"class":80},[47,108839,136],{"class":98},[47,108841,249],{"class":80},[47,108843,9500],{"class":98},[47,108845,108846,108848,108850,108852,108854,108856],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108847,2644],{"class":53},[47,108849,58],{"class":57},[47,108851,4457],{"class":53},[47,108853,445],{"class":98},[47,108855,26440],{"class":102},[47,108857,8836],{"class":98},[47,108859,108860,108862,108864,108866],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,108861,95],{"class":94},[47,108863,99],{"class":98},[47,108865,2668],{"class":102},[47,108867,106],{"class":98},[447,108869,167,108871],{"id":108870},"use-remove",[15,108872,55713],{},[20,108874,167,108875,10794],{},[15,108876,55713],{},[187,108878,108879,108885],{},[190,108880,108881,108882],{},"You want to delete a ",[280,108883,108884],{},"specific item",[190,108886,108887],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[38,108889,108891],{"className":40,"code":108890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108892,108893,108913,108927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108894,108895,108897,108899,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108896,3810],{"class":53},[47,108898,58],{"class":57},[47,108900,10683],{"class":98},[47,108902,1476],{"class":80},[47,108904,136],{"class":98},[47,108906,1562],{"class":80},[47,108908,136],{"class":98},[47,108910,249],{"class":80},[47,108912,9500],{"class":98},[47,108914,108915,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108916,195],{"class":53},[47,108918,445],{"class":98},[47,108920,34990],{"class":102},[47,108922,99],{"class":98},[47,108924,243],{"class":80},[47,108926,106],{"class":98},[47,108928,108929,108931,108933,108935],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,108930,95],{"class":94},[47,108932,99],{"class":98},[47,108934,195],{"class":102},[47,108936,106],{"class":98},[20,108938,108939,108940,108942,108943,108947],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108941,55713],{}," raises an error. See the ",[594,108944,108945,10934],{"href":98132},[15,108946,102791],{}," for details.",[447,108949,167,108951],{"id":108950},"use-discard",[15,108952,102777],{},[20,108954,167,108955,10794],{},[15,108956,102777],{},[187,108958,108959,108963],{},[190,108960,108881,108961],{},[280,108962,108884],{},[190,108964,108965,108966,108968],{},"You do ",[280,108967,4826],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[38,108970,108972],{"className":40,"code":108971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108973,108974,108994,109008],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,108975,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990,108992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,108977,3810],{"class":53},[47,108979,58],{"class":57},[47,108981,10683],{"class":98},[47,108983,1476],{"class":80},[47,108985,136],{"class":98},[47,108987,1562],{"class":80},[47,108989,136],{"class":98},[47,108991,249],{"class":80},[47,108993,9500],{"class":98},[47,108995,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,108997,195],{"class":53},[47,108999,445],{"class":98},[47,109001,102844],{"class":102},[47,109003,99],{"class":98},[47,109005,232],{"class":80},[47,109007,106],{"class":98},[47,109009,109010,109012,109014,109016],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,109011,95],{"class":94},[47,109013,99],{"class":98},[47,109015,195],{"class":102},[47,109017,106],{"class":98},[20,109019,109020,109021,109023,109024,109028],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109022,232],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[594,109025,109026,10934],{"href":108380},[15,109027,102782],{}," for more examples.",[33,109030,1595],{"id":1594},[20,109032,71664,109033,420],{},[15,109034,108024],{},[187,109036,109037,109043,109048,109053],{},[190,109038,109039,109040],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109041,109042],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[190,109044,1807,109045,109047],{},[15,109046,12957],{}," to remove the first or last item",[190,109049,29848,109050,109052],{},[15,109051,12957],{}," on an empty set",[190,109054,1654,109055,109057],{},[15,109056,12957],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109059,62480],{},[38,109061,109063],{"className":40,"code":109062,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109064,109065,109075,109089,109103],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109066,109067,109069,109071,109073],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109068,95],{"class":94},[47,109070,99],{"class":98},[47,109072,15861],{"class":102},[47,109074,106],{"class":98},[47,109076,109077,109079,109081,109083,109085,109087],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109078,95],{"class":94},[47,109080,99],{"class":98},[47,109082,11355],{"class":94},[47,109084,99],{"class":98},[47,109086,15861],{"class":102},[47,109088,1796],{"class":98},[47,109090,109091,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,109092,95],{"class":94},[47,109094,99],{"class":98},[47,109096,1922],{"class":1788},[47,109098,99],{"class":98},[47,109100,15861],{"class":102},[47,109102,1796],{"class":98},[47,109104,109105,109107,109109,109111,109113,109115],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,109106,28738],{"class":53},[47,109108,58],{"class":57},[47,109110,96847],{"class":53},[47,109112,445],{"class":98},[47,109114,26440],{"class":102},[47,109116,8836],{"class":98},[20,109118,26207],{},[187,109120,109121,109124,109127,109130],{},[190,109122,109123],{},"What values are in the set",[190,109125,109126],{},"Whether the set is empty",[190,109128,109129],{},"That the object is really a set",[190,109131,109132],{},"What value was actually removed",[33,109134,1969],{"id":1968},[447,109136,1973,109138,109140],{"id":109137},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109139,108024],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109142,109143,109144,109146],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109145,12957],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[447,109148,109150,109151,2009],{"id":109149},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109152,108024],{},[20,109154,109155,109156,109158,109159,109161],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109157,12957],{},", set ",[15,109160,12957],{}," does not accept an index.",[447,109163,109165],{"id":109164},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109167,71833,109168,44820,109170,109172],{},[15,109169,19884],{},[15,109171,12957],{}," is called on an empty set.",[447,109174,109176],{"id":109175},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109178,167,109179,3072,109181,11285,109183,445],{},[15,109180,55713],{},[15,109182,102777],{},[15,109184,12957],{},[33,109186,2075],{"id":2074},[187,109188,109189,109193,109199,109205,109209],{},[190,109190,109191],{},[594,109192,96251],{"href":97422},[190,109194,109195],{},[594,109196,96737,109197,10934],{"href":98132},[15,109198,55713],{},[190,109200,109201],{},[594,109202,96737,109203,10934],{"href":108380},[15,109204,102777],{},[190,109206,109207],{},[594,109208,11456],{"href":11267},[190,109210,109211],{},[594,109212,55699],{"href":55251},[2110,109214,109215],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":109217},[109218,109219,109221,109222,109223,109224,109230,109239,109240,109248],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":108144,"depth":72,"text":109220},"What set.pop() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":108282,"depth":72,"text":108283},{"id":108385,"depth":72,"text":108386},{"id":108539,"depth":72,"text":108540,"children":109225},[109226,109228],{"id":108605,"depth":84,"text":109227},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108696,"depth":84,"text":109229},"Use try and except",{"id":108786,"depth":72,"text":109231,"children":109232},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109233,109235,109237],{"id":108798,"depth":84,"text":109234},"Use pop()",{"id":108870,"depth":84,"text":109236},"Use remove()",{"id":108950,"depth":84,"text":109238},"Use discard()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":109241},[109242,109244,109246,109247],{"id":109137,"depth":84,"text":109243},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109149,"depth":84,"text":109245},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109164,"depth":84,"text":109165},{"id":109175,"depth":84,"text":109176},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108012,"description":109249},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109256,"title":109257,"body":109258,"description":110412,"extension":2167,"meta":110413,"navigation":87,"path":110414,"seo":110415,"stem":110416,"__hash__":110417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109259,"toc":110380},[109260,109265,109270,109279,109281,109346,109350,109374,109381,109386,109390,109405,109408,109410,109429,109443,109446,109494,109498,109514,109516,109589,109593,109618,109624,109632,109636,109643,109698,109703,109720,109726,109732,109737,109745,109752,109756,109764,109819,109821,109838,109842,109849,109914,109918,109951,109953,109965,109972,109974,109979,109986,109988,110057,110061,110069,110071,110135,110139,110144,110191,110196,110264,110272,110279,110282,110288,110293,110297,110299,110302,110304,110309,110314,110320,110325,110332,110340,110346,110349,110351,110377],[10,109261,96123,109263,11516],{"id":109262},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109264,55713],{},[20,109266,109267,109269],{},[15,109268,102791],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109271,109272,109273,109276,109277,445],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[280,109274,109275],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109278,19884],{},[33,109280,36],{"id":35},[38,109282,109284],{"className":40,"code":109283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109285,109286,109318,109336],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109287,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314,109316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109289,13271],{"class":53},[47,109291,58],{"class":57},[47,109293,10683],{"class":98},[47,109295,128],{"class":61},[47,109297,876],{"class":65},[47,109299,128],{"class":61},[47,109301,136],{"class":98},[47,109303,62],{"class":61},[47,109305,894],{"class":65},[47,109307,128],{"class":61},[47,109309,136],{"class":98},[47,109311,62],{"class":61},[47,109313,885],{"class":65},[47,109315,128],{"class":61},[47,109317,9500],{"class":98},[47,109319,109320,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109321,17698],{"class":53},[47,109323,445],{"class":98},[47,109325,34990],{"class":102},[47,109327,99],{"class":98},[47,109329,128],{"class":61},[47,109331,894],{"class":65},[47,109333,128],{"class":61},[47,109335,106],{"class":98},[47,109337,109338,109340,109342,109344],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,109339,95],{"class":94},[47,109341,99],{"class":98},[47,109343,17698],{"class":102},[47,109345,106],{"class":98},[20,109347,109348],{},[280,109349,30228],{},[38,109351,109352],{"className":40,"code":103471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109353,109354],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109355,109356,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109357,9470],{"class":98},[47,109359,3493],{"class":61},[47,109361,876],{"class":65},[47,109363,3493],{"class":61},[47,109365,136],{"class":98},[47,109367,3488],{"class":61},[47,109369,885],{"class":65},[47,109371,3493],{"class":61},[47,109373,9500],{"class":98},[20,109375,167,109376,109378,109379,445],{},[15,109377,55713],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109380,19884],{},[33,109382,174,109384,177],{"id":109383},"what-setremove-does",[15,109385,102791],{},[20,109387,109388,420],{},[15,109389,102791],{},[187,109391,109392,109395,109397,109399],{},[190,109393,109394],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[190,109396,96238],{},[190,109398,96241],{},[190,109400,109401,109402,109404],{},"Raises ",[15,109403,19884],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109406,109407],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[33,109409,290],{"id":289},[38,109411,109413],{"className":40,"code":109412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109414,109415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109416,109417,109419,109421,109423,109425,109427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109418,15861],{"class":53},[47,109420,445],{"class":98},[47,109422,34990],{"class":102},[47,109424,99],{"class":98},[47,109426,2668],{"class":102},[47,109428,106],{"class":98},[187,109430,109431,109435,109440],{},[190,109432,109433,103013],{},[15,109434,15861],{},[190,109436,109437,109439],{},[15,109438,2668],{}," is the item to remove",[190,109441,109442],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109444,109445],{},"Here is a small example:",[38,109447,109448],{"className":40,"code":108890,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109449,109450,109470,109484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109451,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109453,3810],{"class":53},[47,109455,58],{"class":57},[47,109457,10683],{"class":98},[47,109459,1476],{"class":80},[47,109461,136],{"class":98},[47,109463,1562],{"class":80},[47,109465,136],{"class":98},[47,109467,249],{"class":80},[47,109469,9500],{"class":98},[47,109471,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109473,195],{"class":53},[47,109475,445],{"class":98},[47,109477,34990],{"class":102},[47,109479,99],{"class":98},[47,109481,243],{"class":80},[47,109483,106],{"class":98},[47,109485,109486,109488,109490,109492],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,109487,95],{"class":94},[47,109489,99],{"class":98},[47,109491,195],{"class":102},[47,109493,106],{"class":98},[20,109495,109496],{},[280,109497,30228],{},[38,109499,109500],{"className":40,"code":101221,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,109501,109502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109503,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109505,9470],{"class":98},[47,109507,1476],{"class":80},[47,109509,136],{"class":98},[47,109511,249],{"class":80},[47,109513,9500],{"class":98},[33,109515,11670],{"id":11669},[38,109517,109519],{"className":40,"code":109518,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109520,109521,109553,109557,109575,109579],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109522,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109524,36433],{"class":53},[47,109526,58],{"class":57},[47,109528,10683],{"class":98},[47,109530,128],{"class":61},[47,109532,4272],{"class":65},[47,109534,128],{"class":61},[47,109536,136],{"class":98},[47,109538,62],{"class":61},[47,109540,4281],{"class":65},[47,109542,128],{"class":61},[47,109544,136],{"class":98},[47,109546,62],{"class":61},[47,109548,33418],{"class":65},[47,109550,128],{"class":61},[47,109552,9500],{"class":98},[47,109554,109555],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109556,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,109558,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,109560,36485],{"class":53},[47,109562,445],{"class":98},[47,109564,34990],{"class":102},[47,109566,99],{"class":98},[47,109568,128],{"class":61},[47,109570,4281],{"class":65},[47,109572,128],{"class":61},[47,109574,106],{"class":98},[47,109576,109577],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,109578,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,109580,109581,109583,109585,109587],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,109582,95],{"class":94},[47,109584,99],{"class":98},[47,109586,36485],{"class":102},[47,109588,106],{"class":98},[20,109590,109591],{},[280,109592,30228],{},[38,109594,109596],{"className":40,"code":109595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109597,109598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109599,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109601,9470],{"class":98},[47,109603,3493],{"class":61},[47,109605,4272],{"class":65},[47,109607,3493],{"class":61},[47,109609,136],{"class":98},[47,109611,3488],{"class":61},[47,109613,33418],{"class":65},[47,109615,3493],{"class":61},[47,109617,9500],{"class":98},[20,109619,109620,109621,109623],{},"This removes ",[15,109622,65459],{}," from the set.",[20,109625,109626,109627,109629,109630,445],{},"A set does ",[280,109628,4826],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[594,109631,96255],{"href":97806},[33,109633,109635],{"id":109634},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109637,109638,109639,52680,109641,445],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109640,55713],{},[15,109642,19884],{},[38,109644,109646],{"className":40,"code":109645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109647,109648,109680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109649,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109651,13271],{"class":53},[47,109653,58],{"class":57},[47,109655,10683],{"class":98},[47,109657,128],{"class":61},[47,109659,876],{"class":65},[47,109661,128],{"class":61},[47,109663,136],{"class":98},[47,109665,62],{"class":61},[47,109667,894],{"class":65},[47,109669,128],{"class":61},[47,109671,136],{"class":98},[47,109673,62],{"class":61},[47,109675,885],{"class":65},[47,109677,128],{"class":61},[47,109679,9500],{"class":98},[47,109681,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109683,17698],{"class":53},[47,109685,445],{"class":98},[47,109687,34990],{"class":102},[47,109689,99],{"class":98},[47,109691,128],{"class":61},[47,109693,22721],{"class":65},[47,109695,128],{"class":61},[47,109697,106],{"class":98},[20,109699,109700],{},[280,109701,109702],{},"Result:",[38,109704,109706],{"className":40,"code":109705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109707,109708],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109709,109710,109712,109714,109716,109718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109711,19884],{"class":1788},[47,109713,420],{"class":98},[47,109715,3488],{"class":61},[47,109717,22721],{"class":65},[47,109719,29898],{"class":61},[20,109721,22386,109722,109725],{},[15,109723,109724],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109727,109728,109729,109731],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109730,55713],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109733,109734,109735,445],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[594,109736,11456],{"href":11267},[33,109738,4392,109740,109742,109743],{"id":109739},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109741,55713],{}," is different from ",[15,109744,102777],{},[20,109746,109747,839,109749,109751],{},[15,109748,55713],{},[15,109750,102777],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[447,109753,109754],{"id":34990},[15,109755,55713],{},[187,109757,109758,109761],{},[190,109759,109760],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[190,109762,109763],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[38,109765,109767],{"className":40,"code":109766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109768,109769,109801],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109770,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793,109795,109797,109799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109772,36284],{"class":53},[47,109774,58],{"class":57},[47,109776,10683],{"class":98},[47,109778,128],{"class":61},[47,109780,594],{"class":65},[47,109782,128],{"class":61},[47,109784,136],{"class":98},[47,109786,62],{"class":61},[47,109788,4957],{"class":65},[47,109790,128],{"class":61},[47,109792,136],{"class":98},[47,109794,62],{"class":61},[47,109796,9931],{"class":65},[47,109798,128],{"class":61},[47,109800,9500],{"class":98},[47,109802,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109804,36337],{"class":53},[47,109806,445],{"class":98},[47,109808,34990],{"class":102},[47,109810,99],{"class":98},[47,109812,128],{"class":61},[47,109814,18964],{"class":65},[47,109816,128],{"class":61},[47,109818,106],{"class":98},[20,109820,108577],{},[38,109822,109824],{"className":40,"code":109823,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109825,109826],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109827,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109829,19884],{"class":1788},[47,109831,420],{"class":98},[47,109833,3488],{"class":61},[47,109835,18964],{"class":65},[47,109837,29898],{"class":61},[447,109839,109840],{"id":102844},[15,109841,102777],{},[187,109843,109844,109846],{},[190,109845,109760],{},[190,109847,109848],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[38,109850,109852],{"className":40,"code":109851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109853,109854,109886,109904],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109855,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109857,36284],{"class":53},[47,109859,58],{"class":57},[47,109861,10683],{"class":98},[47,109863,128],{"class":61},[47,109865,594],{"class":65},[47,109867,128],{"class":61},[47,109869,136],{"class":98},[47,109871,62],{"class":61},[47,109873,4957],{"class":65},[47,109875,128],{"class":61},[47,109877,136],{"class":98},[47,109879,62],{"class":61},[47,109881,9931],{"class":65},[47,109883,128],{"class":61},[47,109885,9500],{"class":98},[47,109887,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,109889,36337],{"class":53},[47,109891,445],{"class":98},[47,109893,102844],{"class":102},[47,109895,99],{"class":98},[47,109897,128],{"class":61},[47,109899,18964],{"class":65},[47,109901,128],{"class":61},[47,109903,106],{"class":98},[47,109905,109906,109908,109910,109912],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,109907,95],{"class":94},[47,109909,99],{"class":98},[47,109911,36337],{"class":102},[47,109913,106],{"class":98},[20,109915,109916],{},[280,109917,144],{},[38,109919,109921],{"className":40,"code":109920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109922,109923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109924,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109926,9470],{"class":98},[47,109928,3493],{"class":61},[47,109930,594],{"class":65},[47,109932,3493],{"class":61},[47,109934,136],{"class":98},[47,109936,3488],{"class":61},[47,109938,4957],{"class":65},[47,109940,3493],{"class":61},[47,109942,136],{"class":98},[47,109944,3488],{"class":61},[47,109946,9931],{"class":65},[47,109948,3493],{"class":61},[47,109950,9500],{"class":98},[20,109952,18891],{},[187,109954,109955,109960],{},[190,109956,109957,109959],{},[15,109958,55713],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[190,109961,109962,109964],{},[15,109963,102777],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109966,109967,109968,445],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[594,109969,96737,109970,10934],{"href":108380},[15,109971,102777],{},[33,109973,4713],{"id":4712},[447,109975,1807,109977,97117],{"id":109976},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109978,55713],{},[20,109980,109981,109983,109984,445],{},[15,109982,55713],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109985,285],{},[20,109987,16839],{},[38,109989,109991],{"className":40,"code":109990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109992,109993,110025,110047],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,109994,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015,110017,110019,110021,110023],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,109996,13271],{"class":53},[47,109998,58],{"class":57},[47,110000,10683],{"class":98},[47,110002,128],{"class":61},[47,110004,876],{"class":65},[47,110006,128],{"class":61},[47,110008,136],{"class":98},[47,110010,62],{"class":61},[47,110012,894],{"class":65},[47,110014,128],{"class":61},[47,110016,136],{"class":98},[47,110018,62],{"class":61},[47,110020,885],{"class":65},[47,110022,128],{"class":61},[47,110024,9500],{"class":98},[47,110026,110027,110029,110031,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110028,13312],{"class":53},[47,110030,58],{"class":57},[47,110032,13317],{"class":53},[47,110034,445],{"class":98},[47,110036,34990],{"class":102},[47,110038,99],{"class":98},[47,110040,128],{"class":61},[47,110042,894],{"class":65},[47,110044,128],{"class":61},[47,110046,106],{"class":98},[47,110048,110049,110051,110053,110055],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,110050,95],{"class":94},[47,110052,99],{"class":98},[47,110054,13336],{"class":102},[47,110056,106],{"class":98},[20,110058,110059],{},[280,110060,144],{},[38,110062,110063],{"className":40,"code":1335,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110064,110065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110066,110067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110068,1335],{"class":1334},[20,110070,16851],{},[38,110072,110073],{"className":40,"code":109283,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110074,110075,110107,110125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110076,110077,110079,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097,110099,110101,110103,110105],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110078,13271],{"class":53},[47,110080,58],{"class":57},[47,110082,10683],{"class":98},[47,110084,128],{"class":61},[47,110086,876],{"class":65},[47,110088,128],{"class":61},[47,110090,136],{"class":98},[47,110092,62],{"class":61},[47,110094,894],{"class":65},[47,110096,128],{"class":61},[47,110098,136],{"class":98},[47,110100,62],{"class":61},[47,110102,885],{"class":65},[47,110104,128],{"class":61},[47,110106,9500],{"class":98},[47,110108,110109,110111,110113,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110110,17698],{"class":53},[47,110112,445],{"class":98},[47,110114,34990],{"class":102},[47,110116,99],{"class":98},[47,110118,128],{"class":61},[47,110120,894],{"class":65},[47,110122,128],{"class":61},[47,110124,106],{"class":98},[47,110126,110127,110129,110131,110133],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,110128,95],{"class":94},[47,110130,99],{"class":98},[47,110132,17698],{"class":102},[47,110134,106],{"class":98},[447,110136,110138],{"id":110137},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110140,110141,110142,445],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110143,19884],{},[38,110145,110147],{"className":40,"code":110146,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110148,110149,110173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110150,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110152,13271],{"class":53},[47,110154,58],{"class":57},[47,110156,10683],{"class":98},[47,110158,128],{"class":61},[47,110160,876],{"class":65},[47,110162,128],{"class":61},[47,110164,136],{"class":98},[47,110166,62],{"class":61},[47,110168,894],{"class":65},[47,110170,128],{"class":61},[47,110172,9500],{"class":98},[47,110174,110175,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185,110187,110189],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110176,17698],{"class":53},[47,110178,445],{"class":98},[47,110180,34990],{"class":102},[47,110182,99],{"class":98},[47,110184,128],{"class":61},[47,110186,885],{"class":65},[47,110188,128],{"class":61},[47,110190,106],{"class":98},[20,110192,110193,110194,420],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110195,1468],{},[38,110197,110199],{"className":40,"code":110198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110200,110201,110225,110229,110245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110202,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110204,13271],{"class":53},[47,110206,58],{"class":57},[47,110208,10683],{"class":98},[47,110210,128],{"class":61},[47,110212,876],{"class":65},[47,110214,128],{"class":61},[47,110216,136],{"class":98},[47,110218,62],{"class":61},[47,110220,894],{"class":65},[47,110222,128],{"class":61},[47,110224,9500],{"class":98},[47,110226,110227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110228,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,110230,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,110232,7192],{"class":1461},[47,110234,62],{"class":61},[47,110236,885],{"class":65},[47,110238,128],{"class":61},[47,110240,21371],{"class":57},[47,110242,13317],{"class":53},[47,110244,6586],{"class":98},[47,110246,110247,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,110248,110249],{"class":53},"    colors",[47,110251,445],{"class":98},[47,110253,34990],{"class":102},[47,110255,99],{"class":98},[47,110257,128],{"class":61},[47,110259,885],{"class":65},[47,110261,128],{"class":61},[47,110263,106],{"class":98},[20,110265,110266,110267,110271],{},"Or use ",[594,110268,110269],{"href":108380},[15,110270,102777],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[447,110273,37396,110275,8898,110277],{"id":110274},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110276,102791],{},[15,110278,55259],{},[20,110280,110281],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110283,110284,110285,110287],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110286,102791],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110289,110290,110291,445],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[594,110292,99001],{"href":99000},[447,110294,110296],{"id":110295},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110298,108286],{},[20,110300,110301],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[33,110303,1969],{"id":1968},[447,110305,1973,110307,97216],{"id":110306},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110308,102791],{},[20,110310,110311,110312,445],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110313,285],{},[447,110315,30486,110317,110319],{"id":110316},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110318,102791],{}," raise?",[20,110321,30492,110322,110324],{},[15,110323,19884],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[447,110326,21618,110328,3072,110330,2009],{"id":110327},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110329,55713],{},[15,110331,102777],{},[20,110333,167,110334,110336,110337,110339],{},[15,110335,55713],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110338,102777],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[447,110341,1989,110343,110345],{"id":110342},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110344,102791],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110347,110348],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[33,110350,2075],{"id":2074},[187,110352,110353,110359,110365,110369,110373],{},[190,110354,110355],{},[594,110356,96737,110357,10934],{"href":108380},[15,110358,102777],{},[190,110360,110361],{},[594,110362,96737,110363,10934],{"href":98137},[15,110364,12957],{},[190,110366,110367],{},[594,110368,97261],{"href":97806},[190,110370,110371],{},[594,110372,100267],{"href":99000},[190,110374,110375],{},[594,110376,11456],{"href":11267},[2110,110378,110379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":110381},[110382,110383,110385,110386,110387,110388,110393,110401,110411],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":109383,"depth":72,"text":110384},"What set.remove() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":109634,"depth":72,"text":109635},{"id":109739,"depth":72,"text":110389,"children":110390},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110391,110392],{"id":34990,"depth":84,"text":55713},{"id":102844,"depth":84,"text":102777},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":110394},[110395,110397,110398,110400],{"id":109976,"depth":84,"text":110396},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110137,"depth":84,"text":110138},{"id":110274,"depth":84,"text":110399},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110295,"depth":84,"text":110296},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":110402},[110403,110405,110407,110409],{"id":110306,"depth":84,"text":110404},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110316,"depth":84,"text":110406},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110327,"depth":84,"text":110408},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110342,"depth":84,"text":110410},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109257,"description":110412},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110419,"title":110420,"body":110421,"description":111794,"extension":2167,"meta":111795,"navigation":87,"path":111796,"seo":111797,"stem":111798,"__hash__":111799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110422,"toc":111769},[110423,110429,110435,110438,110441,110455,110457,110538,110541,110546,110550,110564,110571,110573,110592,110595,110613,110615,110695,110697,110722,110726,110729,110737,110742,110747,110749,110762,110767,110770,110794,110797,110805,110807,110810,110907,110909,110942,110944,110970,110977,110980,110984,110992,110996,111004,111006,111096,111098,111112,111119,111124,111129,111131,111222,111224,111236,111238,111252,111258,111266,111268,111350,111352,111397,111400,111408,111411,111413,111417,111460,111462,111482,111487,111489,111574,111576,111581,111583,111590,111598,111604,111607,111609,111695,111697,111721,111725,111728,111730,111757,111767],[10,110424,96123,110426,11516],{"id":110425},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110427,110428],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110430,110431,110434],{},[15,110432,110433],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110436,110437],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110439,110440],{},"Use it when:",[187,110442,110443,110446,110452],{},[190,110444,110445],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[190,110447,110448,110449,110451],{},"you do ",[280,110450,4826],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[190,110453,110454],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[33,110456,3800],{"id":3799},[38,110458,110460],{"className":40,"code":110459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110461,110462,110482,110502,110506,110525],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110463,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110480],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110465,2750],{"class":53},[47,110467,58],{"class":57},[47,110469,10683],{"class":98},[47,110471,1476],{"class":80},[47,110473,136],{"class":98},[47,110475,1562],{"class":80},[47,110477,136],{"class":98},[47,110479,249],{"class":80},[47,110481,9500],{"class":98},[47,110483,110484,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110485,2777],{"class":53},[47,110487,58],{"class":57},[47,110489,10683],{"class":98},[47,110491,2263],{"class":80},[47,110493,136],{"class":98},[47,110495,393],{"class":80},[47,110497,136],{"class":98},[47,110499,4800],{"class":80},[47,110501,9500],{"class":98},[47,110503,110504],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,110505,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,110507,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110519,110521,110523],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,110509,1290],{"class":53},[47,110511,58],{"class":57},[47,110513,57072],{"class":53},[47,110515,445],{"class":98},[47,110517,110518],{"class":102},"symmetric_difference",[47,110520,99],{"class":98},[47,110522,4957],{"class":102},[47,110524,106],{"class":98},[47,110526,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,110528,95],{"class":94},[47,110530,99],{"class":98},[47,110532,1315],{"class":102},[47,110534,3854],{"class":98},[47,110536,110537],{"class":3857},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110539,110540],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[33,110542,174,110544,177],{"id":110543},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110545,110428],{},[20,110547,110548,420],{},[15,110549,110433],{},[187,110551,110552,110555,110558,110561],{},[190,110553,110554],{},"returns a new set",[190,110556,110557],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[190,110559,110560],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[190,110562,110563],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110565,96247,110566,3072,110568,445],{},[594,110567,96251],{"href":96250},[594,110569,110570],{"href":96254},"creating a set in Python",[33,110572,290],{"id":289},[38,110574,110576],{"className":40,"code":110575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110577,110578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110579,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110581,100508],{"class":53},[47,110583,445],{"class":98},[47,110585,110518],{"class":102},[47,110587,99],{"class":98},[47,110589,100517],{"class":102},[47,110591,106],{"class":98},[20,110593,110594],{},"Notes:",[187,110596,110597,110602,110607,110610],{},[190,110598,110599,110601],{},[15,110600,100508],{}," must be a set",[190,110603,110604,110606],{},[15,110605,100517],{}," can be any iterable",[190,110608,110609],{},"the result is always a set",[190,110611,110612],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110614,204],{},[38,110616,110618],{"className":40,"code":110617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110619,110620,110641,110662,110666,110685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110621,110622,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635,110637,110639],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110623,110624],{"class":53},"set1 ",[47,110626,58],{"class":57},[47,110628,10683],{"class":98},[47,110630,1476],{"class":80},[47,110632,136],{"class":98},[47,110634,1562],{"class":80},[47,110636,136],{"class":98},[47,110638,249],{"class":80},[47,110640,9500],{"class":98},[47,110642,110643,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654,110656,110658,110660],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110644,110645],{"class":53},"set2 ",[47,110647,58],{"class":57},[47,110649,10683],{"class":98},[47,110651,2263],{"class":80},[47,110653,136],{"class":98},[47,110655,393],{"class":80},[47,110657,136],{"class":98},[47,110659,4800],{"class":80},[47,110661,9500],{"class":98},[47,110663,110664],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,110665,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,110667,110668,110670,110672,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,110669,1290],{"class":53},[47,110671,58],{"class":57},[47,110673,110674],{"class":53}," set1",[47,110676,445],{"class":98},[47,110678,110518],{"class":102},[47,110680,99],{"class":98},[47,110682,100517],{"class":102},[47,110684,106],{"class":98},[47,110686,110687,110689,110691,110693],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,110688,95],{"class":94},[47,110690,99],{"class":98},[47,110692,1315],{"class":102},[47,110694,106],{"class":98},[20,110696,144],{},[38,110698,110700],{"className":40,"code":110699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110701,110702],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110703,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110705,9470],{"class":98},[47,110707,1476],{"class":80},[47,110709,136],{"class":98},[47,110711,1562],{"class":80},[47,110713,136],{"class":98},[47,110715,393],{"class":80},[47,110717,136],{"class":98},[47,110719,4800],{"class":80},[47,110721,9500],{"class":98},[33,110723,110725],{"id":110724},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110727,110728],{},"The result includes:",[187,110730,110731,110734],{},[190,110732,110733],{},"items only in the first set",[190,110735,110736],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110738,110739,110740,11276],{},"The result does ",[280,110741,4826],{},[187,110743,110744],{},[190,110745,110746],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110748,5667],{},[187,110750,110751,110756],{},[190,110752,110753,110754],{},"first set: ",[15,110755,100205],{},[190,110757,110758,110759],{},"second set: ",[15,110760,110761],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110763,4242,110764,110766],{},[15,110765,2263],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110768,110769],{},"The output is:",[38,110771,110772],{"className":40,"code":110699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,110773,110774],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110775,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110777,9470],{"class":98},[47,110779,1476],{"class":80},[47,110781,136],{"class":98},[47,110783,1562],{"class":80},[47,110785,136],{"class":98},[47,110787,393],{"class":80},[47,110789,136],{"class":98},[47,110791,4800],{"class":80},[47,110793,9500],{"class":98},[20,110795,110796],{},"Also remember:",[187,110798,110799,110802],{},[190,110800,110801],{},"sets are unordered",[190,110803,110804],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[33,110806,11670],{"id":11669},[20,110808,110809],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[38,110811,110813],{"className":40,"code":110812,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110814,110815,110847,110871,110875,110893,110897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110816,110817,110819,110821,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837,110839,110841,110843,110845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110818,106948],{"class":53},[47,110820,58],{"class":57},[47,110822,10683],{"class":98},[47,110824,128],{"class":61},[47,110826,876],{"class":65},[47,110828,128],{"class":61},[47,110830,136],{"class":98},[47,110832,62],{"class":61},[47,110834,894],{"class":65},[47,110836,128],{"class":61},[47,110838,136],{"class":98},[47,110840,62],{"class":61},[47,110842,885],{"class":65},[47,110844,128],{"class":61},[47,110846,9500],{"class":98},[47,110848,110849,110851,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,110850,106981],{"class":53},[47,110852,58],{"class":57},[47,110854,10683],{"class":98},[47,110856,128],{"class":61},[47,110858,885],{"class":65},[47,110860,128],{"class":61},[47,110862,136],{"class":98},[47,110864,62],{"class":61},[47,110866,22721],{"class":65},[47,110868,128],{"class":61},[47,110870,9500],{"class":98},[47,110872,110873],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,110874,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,110876,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,110878,1290],{"class":53},[47,110880,58],{"class":57},[47,110882,107023],{"class":53},[47,110884,445],{"class":98},[47,110886,110518],{"class":102},[47,110888,99],{"class":98},[47,110890,107032],{"class":102},[47,110892,106],{"class":98},[47,110894,110895],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,110896,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,110898,110899,110901,110903,110905],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,110900,95],{"class":94},[47,110902,99],{"class":98},[47,110904,1315],{"class":102},[47,110906,106],{"class":98},[20,110908,144],{},[38,110910,110912],{"className":40,"code":110911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110913,110914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,110915,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,110917,9470],{"class":98},[47,110919,3493],{"class":61},[47,110921,876],{"class":65},[47,110923,3493],{"class":61},[47,110925,136],{"class":98},[47,110927,3488],{"class":61},[47,110929,894],{"class":65},[47,110931,3493],{"class":61},[47,110933,136],{"class":98},[47,110935,3488],{"class":61},[47,110937,22721],{"class":65},[47,110939,3493],{"class":61},[47,110941,9500],{"class":98},[20,110943,13603],{},[187,110945,110946,110951,110962],{},[190,110947,110948,110950],{},[15,110949,96416],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[190,110952,110953,839,110955,110958,110959,110961],{},[15,110954,65577],{},[15,110956,110957],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110960,107085],{},", so they stay",[190,110963,110964,110966,110967,110969],{},[15,110965,109724],{}," is only in ",[15,110968,107032],{},", so it stays",[33,110971,110973,10778,110975],{"id":110972},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110974,110428],{},[15,110976,100337],{},[20,110978,110979],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110981,110982,420],{},[15,110983,100337],{},[187,110985,110986,110989],{},[190,110987,110988],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[190,110990,110991],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110993,110994,420],{},[15,110995,110428],{},[187,110997,110998,111001],{},[190,110999,111000],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[190,111002,111003],{},"removes shared items",[20,111005,204],{},[38,111007,111009],{"className":40,"code":111008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111010,111011,111031,111051,111055,111076],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111012,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111014,2750],{"class":53},[47,111016,58],{"class":57},[47,111018,10683],{"class":98},[47,111020,1476],{"class":80},[47,111022,136],{"class":98},[47,111024,1562],{"class":80},[47,111026,136],{"class":98},[47,111028,249],{"class":80},[47,111030,9500],{"class":98},[47,111032,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047,111049],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111034,2777],{"class":53},[47,111036,58],{"class":57},[47,111038,10683],{"class":98},[47,111040,2263],{"class":80},[47,111042,136],{"class":98},[47,111044,393],{"class":80},[47,111046,136],{"class":98},[47,111048,4800],{"class":80},[47,111050,9500],{"class":98},[47,111052,111053],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,111054,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,111056,111057,111059,111061,111063,111065,111067,111069,111071,111073],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,111058,95],{"class":94},[47,111060,99],{"class":98},[47,111062,594],{"class":102},[47,111064,445],{"class":98},[47,111066,3006],{"class":102},[47,111068,99],{"class":98},[47,111070,4957],{"class":102},[47,111072,5556],{"class":98},[47,111074,111075],{"class":3857},"            # {1, 2}\n",[47,111077,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088,111090,111092,111094],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111079,95],{"class":94},[47,111081,99],{"class":98},[47,111083,594],{"class":102},[47,111085,445],{"class":98},[47,111087,110518],{"class":102},[47,111089,99],{"class":98},[47,111091,4957],{"class":102},[47,111093,5556],{"class":98},[47,111095,110537],{"class":3857},[20,111097,18891],{},[187,111099,111100,111107],{},[190,111101,111102,111106],{},[594,111103,111104],{"href":102763},[15,111105,100337],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[190,111108,111109,111111],{},[15,111110,110428],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[33,111113,111115,10778,111117],{"id":111114},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111116,110428],{},[15,111118,102722],{},[20,111120,111121,111123],{},[15,111122,102722],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111125,111126,111128],{},[15,111127,110428],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111130,204],{},[38,111132,111134],{"className":40,"code":111133,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111135,111136,111156,111176,111180,111202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111137,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111139,2750],{"class":53},[47,111141,58],{"class":57},[47,111143,10683],{"class":98},[47,111145,1476],{"class":80},[47,111147,136],{"class":98},[47,111149,1562],{"class":80},[47,111151,136],{"class":98},[47,111153,249],{"class":80},[47,111155,9500],{"class":98},[47,111157,111158,111160,111162,111164,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111159,2777],{"class":53},[47,111161,58],{"class":57},[47,111163,10683],{"class":98},[47,111165,2263],{"class":80},[47,111167,136],{"class":98},[47,111169,393],{"class":80},[47,111171,136],{"class":98},[47,111173,4800],{"class":80},[47,111175,9500],{"class":98},[47,111177,111178],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,111179,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,111181,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111193,111195,111197,111199],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,111183,95],{"class":94},[47,111185,99],{"class":98},[47,111187,594],{"class":102},[47,111189,445],{"class":98},[47,111191,111192],{"class":102},"union",[47,111194,99],{"class":98},[47,111196,4957],{"class":102},[47,111198,5556],{"class":98},[47,111200,111201],{"class":3857},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[47,111203,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111205,95],{"class":94},[47,111207,99],{"class":98},[47,111209,594],{"class":102},[47,111211,445],{"class":98},[47,111213,110518],{"class":102},[47,111215,99],{"class":98},[47,111217,4957],{"class":102},[47,111219,5556],{"class":98},[47,111221,110537],{"class":3857},[20,111223,27420],{},[187,111225,111226,111231],{},[190,111227,111228,111230],{},[15,111229,102722],{}," includes everything",[190,111232,111233,111235],{},[15,111234,110428],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111237,18891],{},[187,111239,111240,111247],{},[190,111241,111242,111246],{},[594,111243,111244],{"href":107653},[15,111245,102722],{}," when overlap does not matter",[190,111248,111249,111251],{},[15,111250,110428],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[33,111253,36807,111255,101521],{"id":111254},"using-the-operator",[15,111256,111257],{},"^",[20,111259,111260,111261,111263,111264,445],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111262,111257],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111265,110428],{},[20,111267,204],{},[38,111269,111271],{"className":40,"code":111270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111272,111273,111293,111313,111317,111335],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111274,111275,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111276,110624],{"class":53},[47,111278,58],{"class":57},[47,111280,10683],{"class":98},[47,111282,1476],{"class":80},[47,111284,136],{"class":98},[47,111286,1562],{"class":80},[47,111288,136],{"class":98},[47,111290,249],{"class":80},[47,111292,9500],{"class":98},[47,111294,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307,111309,111311],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111296,110645],{"class":53},[47,111298,58],{"class":57},[47,111300,10683],{"class":98},[47,111302,2263],{"class":80},[47,111304,136],{"class":98},[47,111306,393],{"class":80},[47,111308,136],{"class":98},[47,111310,4800],{"class":80},[47,111312,9500],{"class":98},[47,111314,111315],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,111316,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,111318,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,111320,95],{"class":94},[47,111322,99],{"class":98},[47,111324,100508],{"class":102},[47,111326,445],{"class":98},[47,111328,110518],{"class":102},[47,111330,99],{"class":98},[47,111332,100517],{"class":102},[47,111334,1796],{"class":98},[47,111336,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111348],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111338,95],{"class":94},[47,111340,99],{"class":98},[47,111342,110624],{"class":102},[47,111344,111257],{"class":57},[47,111346,111347],{"class":102}," set2",[47,111349,106],{"class":98},[20,111351,30228],{},[38,111353,111355],{"className":40,"code":111354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111356,111357,111377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111358,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371,111373,111375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111360,9470],{"class":98},[47,111362,1476],{"class":80},[47,111364,136],{"class":98},[47,111366,1562],{"class":80},[47,111368,136],{"class":98},[47,111370,393],{"class":80},[47,111372,136],{"class":98},[47,111374,4800],{"class":80},[47,111376,9500],{"class":98},[47,111378,111379,111381,111383,111385,111387,111389,111391,111393,111395],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111380,9470],{"class":98},[47,111382,1476],{"class":80},[47,111384,136],{"class":98},[47,111386,1562],{"class":80},[47,111388,136],{"class":98},[47,111390,393],{"class":80},[47,111392,136],{"class":98},[47,111394,4800],{"class":80},[47,111396,9500],{"class":98},[20,111398,111399],{},"Both forms:",[187,111401,111402,111405],{},[190,111403,111404],{},"return a new set",[190,111406,111407],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111409,111410],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[33,111412,4713],{"id":4712},[20,111414,21409,111415,420],{},[15,111416,110428],{},[187,111418,111419,111427,111437,111452],{},[190,111420,111421,111424,111426],{},[280,111422,111423],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10038,111425],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[190,111428,111429,111432,111434,111436],{},[280,111430,111431],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10038,111433],{},[15,111435,110428],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[190,111438,111439,111444,111446,111448,111449,111451],{},[280,111440,111441,111442],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111443,100337],{},[10038,111445],{},[15,111447,100337],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111450,110428],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[190,111453,111454,111457,111459],{},[280,111455,111456],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10038,111458],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111461,59046],{},[187,111463,111464,111473,111476,111479],{},[190,111465,50678,111466,44820,111468,111472],{},[15,111467,110428],{},[594,111469,111470],{"href":107653},[15,111471,102722],{}," is actually needed",[190,111474,111475],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[190,111477,111478],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[190,111480,111481],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111483,111484,111485,445],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[594,111486,99001],{"href":105266},[20,111488,62480],{},[38,111490,111492],{"className":40,"code":111491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111493,111494,111504,111514,111532,111546,111560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111495,111496,111498,111500,111502],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111497,95],{"class":94},[47,111499,99],{"class":98},[47,111501,100508],{"class":102},[47,111503,106],{"class":98},[47,111505,111506,111508,111510,111512],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111507,95],{"class":94},[47,111509,99],{"class":98},[47,111511,100517],{"class":102},[47,111513,106],{"class":98},[47,111515,111516,111518,111520,111522,111524,111526,111528,111530],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,111517,95],{"class":94},[47,111519,99],{"class":98},[47,111521,100508],{"class":102},[47,111523,445],{"class":98},[47,111525,110518],{"class":102},[47,111527,99],{"class":98},[47,111529,100517],{"class":102},[47,111531,1796],{"class":98},[47,111533,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,111535,95],{"class":94},[47,111537,99],{"class":98},[47,111539,110624],{"class":102},[47,111541,111257],{"class":57},[47,111543,111347],{"class":102},[47,111545,106],{"class":98},[47,111547,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111549,95],{"class":94},[47,111551,99],{"class":98},[47,111553,1922],{"class":1788},[47,111555,99],{"class":98},[47,111557,100508],{"class":102},[47,111559,1796],{"class":98},[47,111561,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,111563,95],{"class":94},[47,111565,99],{"class":98},[47,111567,1922],{"class":1788},[47,111569,99],{"class":98},[47,111571,100517],{"class":102},[47,111573,1796],{"class":98},[33,111575,1969],{"id":1968},[447,111577,1973,111579,102662],{"id":111578},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111580,110428],{},[20,111582,102665],{},[447,111584,2055,111586,839,111588,2009],{"id":111585},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111587,110428],{},[15,111589,100337],{},[20,111591,111592,111594,111595,111597],{},[15,111593,100337],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111596,110428],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[447,111599,28528,111601,111603],{"id":111600},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111602,110428],{}," with lists?",[20,111605,111606],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111608,204],{},[38,111610,111612],{"className":40,"code":111611,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111613,111614,111634,111654,111658,111685],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111615,111616,111618,111620,111622,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111617,80841],{"class":53},[47,111619,58],{"class":57},[47,111621,3815],{"class":98},[47,111623,1476],{"class":80},[47,111625,136],{"class":98},[47,111627,1562],{"class":80},[47,111629,136],{"class":98},[47,111631,249],{"class":80},[47,111633,3828],{"class":98},[47,111635,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111637,80862],{"class":53},[47,111639,58],{"class":57},[47,111641,3815],{"class":98},[47,111643,2263],{"class":80},[47,111645,136],{"class":98},[47,111647,393],{"class":80},[47,111649,136],{"class":98},[47,111651,4800],{"class":80},[47,111653,3828],{"class":98},[47,111655,111656],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,111657,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,111659,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,111661,1290],{"class":53},[47,111663,58],{"class":57},[47,111665,15828],{"class":1788},[47,111667,99],{"class":98},[47,111669,111670],{"class":102},"list1",[47,111672,8824],{"class":98},[47,111674,110518],{"class":102},[47,111676,99],{"class":98},[47,111678,6480],{"class":1788},[47,111680,99],{"class":98},[47,111682,81128],{"class":102},[47,111684,1796],{"class":98},[47,111686,111687,111689,111691,111693],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111688,95],{"class":94},[47,111690,99],{"class":98},[47,111692,1315],{"class":102},[47,111694,106],{"class":98},[20,111696,144],{},[38,111698,111699],{"className":40,"code":110699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,111700,111701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111702,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111704,9470],{"class":98},[47,111706,1476],{"class":80},[47,111708,136],{"class":98},[47,111710,1562],{"class":80},[47,111712,136],{"class":98},[47,111714,393],{"class":80},[47,111716,136],{"class":98},[47,111718,4800],{"class":80},[47,111720,9500],{"class":98},[447,111722,111724],{"id":111723},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111726,111727],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[33,111729,2075],{"id":2074},[187,111731,111732,111736,111741,111747,111753],{},[190,111733,111734],{},[594,111735,96251],{"href":96250},[190,111737,111738],{},[594,111739,111740],{"href":96254},"Creating a set in Python",[190,111742,111743],{},[594,111744,96737,111745,10934],{"href":102763},[15,111746,100337],{},[190,111748,111749],{},[594,111750,96737,111751,10934],{"href":107653},[15,111752,102722],{},[190,111754,111755],{},[594,111756,100267],{"href":105266},[20,111758,111759,111760,2390,111762,17268,111764,111766],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111761,100337],{},[15,111763,102722],{},[15,111765,110428],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2110,111768,57426],{},{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":111770},[111771,111772,111774,111775,111776,111777,111779,111781,111783,111784,111793],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":110543,"depth":72,"text":111773},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":110724,"depth":72,"text":110725},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":110972,"depth":72,"text":111778},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111114,"depth":72,"text":111780},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111254,"depth":72,"text":111782},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":111785},[111786,111788,111790,111792],{"id":111578,"depth":84,"text":111787},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111585,"depth":84,"text":111789},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111600,"depth":84,"text":111791},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111723,"depth":84,"text":111724},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110420,"description":111794},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111801,"title":111802,"body":111803,"description":113866,"extension":2167,"meta":113867,"navigation":87,"path":107653,"seo":113868,"stem":113869,"__hash__":113870},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111804,"toc":113825},[111805,111810,111815,111818,111831,111833,111915,111920,111925,111929,111941,111944,111948,111950,111977,111979,111990,111993,112062,112064,112070,112073,112083,112085,112174,112179,112181,112188,112191,112193,112196,112316,112318,112387,112390,112407,112412,112415,112531,112533,112562,112565,112571,112576,112580,112661,112663,112691,112696,112700,112795,112797,112838,112842,112845,112912,112914,112955,112961,112976,112983,112990,112994,113000,113086,113090,113098,113169,113174,113181,113183,113189,113191,113256,113258,113274,113279,113282,113351,113355,113358,113417,113420,113424,113477,113490,113493,113546,113550,113552,113583,113586,113591,113644,113648,113651,113672,113684,113686,113739,113741,113746,113748,113754,113757,113763,113768,113772,113775,113783,113792,113794,113822],[10,111806,13,111808,11516],{"id":111807},"python-setunion-method",[15,111809,107966],{},[20,111811,111812,111814],{},[15,111813,107966],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111816,111817],{},"It is useful when you want:",[187,111819,111820,111823,111828],{},[190,111821,111822],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[190,111824,2750,111825,111827],{},[280,111826,100692],{}," as the result",[190,111829,111830],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[33,111832,36],{"id":35},[38,111834,111836],{"className":40,"code":111835,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111837,111838,111858,111878,111882,111900,111910],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111839,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850,111852,111854,111856],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111841,110624],{"class":53},[47,111843,58],{"class":57},[47,111845,10683],{"class":98},[47,111847,1476],{"class":80},[47,111849,136],{"class":98},[47,111851,1562],{"class":80},[47,111853,136],{"class":98},[47,111855,249],{"class":80},[47,111857,9500],{"class":98},[47,111859,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,111861,110645],{"class":53},[47,111863,58],{"class":57},[47,111865,10683],{"class":98},[47,111867,2263],{"class":80},[47,111869,136],{"class":98},[47,111871,393],{"class":80},[47,111873,136],{"class":98},[47,111875,4800],{"class":80},[47,111877,9500],{"class":98},[47,111879,111880],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,111881,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,111883,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896,111898],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,111885,1290],{"class":53},[47,111887,58],{"class":57},[47,111889,110674],{"class":53},[47,111891,445],{"class":98},[47,111893,111192],{"class":102},[47,111895,99],{"class":98},[47,111897,100517],{"class":102},[47,111899,106],{"class":98},[47,111901,111902,111904,111906,111908],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,111903,95],{"class":94},[47,111905,99],{"class":98},[47,111907,1315],{"class":102},[47,111909,106],{"class":98},[47,111911,111912],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,111913,111914],{"class":3857},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111916,111917,111919],{},[15,111918,102722],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[33,111921,174,111923,177],{"id":111922},"what-setunion-does",[15,111924,107966],{},[20,111926,111927,420],{},[15,111928,107966],{},[187,111930,111931,111934,111937,111939],{},[190,111932,111933],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[190,111935,111936],{},"keeps only unique values",[190,111938,110554],{},[190,111940,110563],{},[20,111942,111943],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111945,96247,111946,445],{},[594,111947,96251],{"href":97422},[33,111949,290],{"id":289},[38,111951,111953],{"className":40,"code":111952,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111954,111955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111956,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,111958,100508],{"class":53},[47,111960,445],{"class":98},[47,111962,111192],{"class":102},[47,111964,99],{"class":98},[47,111966,100517],{"class":102},[47,111968,136],{"class":98},[47,111970,100544],{"class":102},[47,111972,136],{"class":98},[47,111974,317],{"class":94},[47,111976,106],{"class":98},[20,111978,13247],{},[187,111980,111981,111984,111987],{},[190,111982,111983],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[190,111985,111986],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[190,111988,111989],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111991,111992],{},"Example with two sets:",[38,111994,111996],{"className":40,"code":111995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111997,111998,112014,112030,112034,112052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,111999,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112001,2750],{"class":53},[47,112003,58],{"class":57},[47,112005,10683],{"class":98},[47,112007,1476],{"class":80},[47,112009,136],{"class":98},[47,112011,1562],{"class":80},[47,112013,9500],{"class":98},[47,112015,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026,112028],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112017,2777],{"class":53},[47,112019,58],{"class":57},[47,112021,10683],{"class":98},[47,112023,243],{"class":80},[47,112025,136],{"class":98},[47,112027,249],{"class":80},[47,112029,9500],{"class":98},[47,112031,112032],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,112033,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112035,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,112037,1290],{"class":53},[47,112039,58],{"class":57},[47,112041,57072],{"class":53},[47,112043,445],{"class":98},[47,112045,111192],{"class":102},[47,112047,99],{"class":98},[47,112049,4957],{"class":102},[47,112051,106],{"class":98},[47,112053,112054,112056,112058,112060],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112055,95],{"class":94},[47,112057,99],{"class":98},[47,112059,1315],{"class":102},[47,112061,106],{"class":98},[33,112063,22167],{"id":22166},[20,112065,112066,100689,112068,445],{},[15,112067,107966],{},[280,112069,100692],{},[20,112071,112072],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[187,112074,112075,112078],{},[190,112076,112077],{},"the original set",[190,112079,112080,112081],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112082,102722],{},[20,112084,204],{},[38,112086,112088],{"className":40,"code":112087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112089,112090,112106,112122,112126,112144,112148,112161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112093,2750],{"class":53},[47,112095,58],{"class":57},[47,112097,10683],{"class":98},[47,112099,1476],{"class":80},[47,112101,136],{"class":98},[47,112103,1562],{"class":80},[47,112105,9500],{"class":98},[47,112107,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112109,2777],{"class":53},[47,112111,58],{"class":57},[47,112113,10683],{"class":98},[47,112115,243],{"class":80},[47,112117,136],{"class":98},[47,112119,249],{"class":80},[47,112121,9500],{"class":98},[47,112123,112124],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,112125,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112127,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,112129,1290],{"class":53},[47,112131,58],{"class":57},[47,112133,57072],{"class":53},[47,112135,445],{"class":98},[47,112137,111192],{"class":102},[47,112139,99],{"class":98},[47,112141,4957],{"class":102},[47,112143,106],{"class":98},[47,112145,112146],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112147,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112149,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,112151,95],{"class":94},[47,112153,99],{"class":98},[47,112155,1315],{"class":102},[47,112157,3854],{"class":98},[47,112159,112160],{"class":3857},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[47,112162,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,112164,95],{"class":94},[47,112166,99],{"class":98},[47,112168,594],{"class":102},[47,112170,3854],{"class":98},[47,112172,112173],{"class":3857},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112175,2484,112176,112178],{},[15,112177,594],{}," did not change.",[20,112180,110796],{},[187,112182,112183,112185],{},[190,112184,110801],{},[190,112186,112187],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112189,112190],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[33,112192,11670],{"id":11669},[20,112194,112195],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[38,112197,112199],{"className":40,"code":112198,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112200,112201,112234,112267,112271,112291,112295,112305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112202,112203,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112204,112205],{"class":53},"fruits1 ",[47,112207,58],{"class":57},[47,112209,10683],{"class":98},[47,112211,128],{"class":61},[47,112213,4272],{"class":65},[47,112215,128],{"class":61},[47,112217,136],{"class":98},[47,112219,62],{"class":61},[47,112221,4281],{"class":65},[47,112223,128],{"class":61},[47,112225,136],{"class":98},[47,112227,62],{"class":61},[47,112229,33418],{"class":65},[47,112231,128],{"class":61},[47,112233,9500],{"class":98},[47,112235,112236,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112237,112238],{"class":53},"fruits2 ",[47,112240,58],{"class":57},[47,112242,10683],{"class":98},[47,112244,128],{"class":61},[47,112246,4281],{"class":65},[47,112248,128],{"class":61},[47,112250,136],{"class":98},[47,112252,62],{"class":61},[47,112254,22730],{"class":65},[47,112256,128],{"class":61},[47,112258,136],{"class":98},[47,112260,62],{"class":61},[47,112262,33418],{"class":65},[47,112264,128],{"class":61},[47,112266,9500],{"class":98},[47,112268,112269],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,112270,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112272,112273,112275,112277,112280,112282,112284,112286,112289],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,112274,1290],{"class":53},[47,112276,58],{"class":57},[47,112278,112279],{"class":53}," fruits1",[47,112281,445],{"class":98},[47,112283,111192],{"class":102},[47,112285,99],{"class":98},[47,112287,112288],{"class":102},"fruits2",[47,112290,106],{"class":98},[47,112292,112293],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112294,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112296,112297,112299,112301,112303],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,112298,95],{"class":94},[47,112300,99],{"class":98},[47,112302,1315],{"class":102},[47,112304,106],{"class":98},[47,112306,112307,112309,112311,112314],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,112308,95],{"class":94},[47,112310,99],{"class":98},[47,112312,112313],{"class":102},"fruits1",[47,112315,106],{"class":98},[20,112317,30228],{},[38,112319,112321],{"className":40,"code":112320,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112322,112323,112359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112324,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355,112357],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112326,9470],{"class":98},[47,112328,3493],{"class":61},[47,112330,4281],{"class":65},[47,112332,3493],{"class":61},[47,112334,136],{"class":98},[47,112336,3488],{"class":61},[47,112338,33418],{"class":65},[47,112340,3493],{"class":61},[47,112342,136],{"class":98},[47,112344,3488],{"class":61},[47,112346,4272],{"class":65},[47,112348,3493],{"class":61},[47,112350,136],{"class":98},[47,112352,3488],{"class":61},[47,112354,22730],{"class":65},[47,112356,3493],{"class":61},[47,112358,9500],{"class":98},[47,112360,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112362,9470],{"class":98},[47,112364,3493],{"class":61},[47,112366,4281],{"class":65},[47,112368,3493],{"class":61},[47,112370,136],{"class":98},[47,112372,3488],{"class":61},[47,112374,33418],{"class":65},[47,112376,3493],{"class":61},[47,112378,136],{"class":98},[47,112380,3488],{"class":61},[47,112382,4272],{"class":65},[47,112384,3493],{"class":61},[47,112386,9500],{"class":98},[20,112388,112389],{},"What this shows:",[187,112391,112392,112399,112402],{},[190,112393,112394,839,112396,112398],{},[15,112395,65459],{},[15,112397,65886],{}," appear in both sets",[190,112400,112401],{},"they appear only once in the result",[190,112403,112404,112406],{},[15,112405,112313],{}," stays unchanged",[33,112408,1654,112410,101081],{"id":112409},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112411,102722],{},[20,112413,112414],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[38,112416,112418],{"className":40,"code":112417,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112419,112420,112436,112452,112469,112486,112490,112517,112521],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112421,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112423,110624],{"class":53},[47,112425,58],{"class":57},[47,112427,10683],{"class":98},[47,112429,1476],{"class":80},[47,112431,136],{"class":98},[47,112433,1562],{"class":80},[47,112435,9500],{"class":98},[47,112437,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112439,110645],{"class":53},[47,112441,58],{"class":57},[47,112443,10683],{"class":98},[47,112445,243],{"class":80},[47,112447,136],{"class":98},[47,112449,249],{"class":80},[47,112451,9500],{"class":98},[47,112453,112454,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,112455,112456],{"class":53},"set3 ",[47,112458,58],{"class":57},[47,112460,10683],{"class":98},[47,112462,2263],{"class":80},[47,112464,136],{"class":98},[47,112466,393],{"class":80},[47,112468,9500],{"class":98},[47,112470,112471,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,112472,112473],{"class":53},"set4 ",[47,112475,58],{"class":57},[47,112477,10683],{"class":98},[47,112479,2700],{"class":80},[47,112481,136],{"class":98},[47,112483,4800],{"class":80},[47,112485,9500],{"class":98},[47,112487,112488],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112489,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112491,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112515],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,112493,1290],{"class":53},[47,112495,58],{"class":57},[47,112497,110674],{"class":53},[47,112499,445],{"class":98},[47,112501,111192],{"class":102},[47,112503,99],{"class":98},[47,112505,100517],{"class":102},[47,112507,136],{"class":98},[47,112509,100544],{"class":102},[47,112511,136],{"class":98},[47,112513,112514],{"class":102}," set4",[47,112516,106],{"class":98},[47,112518,112519],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,112520,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112522,112523,112525,112527,112529],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,112524,95],{"class":94},[47,112526,99],{"class":98},[47,112528,1315],{"class":102},[47,112530,106],{"class":98},[20,112532,30228],{},[38,112534,112536],{"className":40,"code":112535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112537,112538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112539,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112541,9470],{"class":98},[47,112543,1476],{"class":80},[47,112545,136],{"class":98},[47,112547,1562],{"class":80},[47,112549,136],{"class":98},[47,112551,249],{"class":80},[47,112553,136],{"class":98},[47,112555,393],{"class":80},[47,112557,136],{"class":98},[47,112559,4800],{"class":80},[47,112561,9500],{"class":98},[20,112563,112564],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[33,112566,1654,112568,112570],{"id":112567},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112569,102722],{}," with other iterables",[20,112572,112573,112575],{},[15,112574,102722],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[447,112577,112579],{"id":112578},"with-a-list","With a list",[38,112581,112583],{"className":40,"code":112582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112584,112585,112605,112629,112633,112651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112586,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112588,3810],{"class":53},[47,112590,58],{"class":57},[47,112592,10683],{"class":98},[47,112594,1476],{"class":80},[47,112596,136],{"class":98},[47,112598,1562],{"class":80},[47,112600,136],{"class":98},[47,112602,249],{"class":80},[47,112604,9500],{"class":98},[47,112606,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112608,61232],{"class":53},[47,112610,58],{"class":57},[47,112612,3815],{"class":98},[47,112614,2263],{"class":80},[47,112616,136],{"class":98},[47,112618,393],{"class":80},[47,112620,136],{"class":98},[47,112622,4800],{"class":80},[47,112624,136],{"class":98},[47,112626,4800],{"class":80},[47,112628,3828],{"class":98},[47,112630,112631],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,112632,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112634,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647,112649],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,112636,1290],{"class":53},[47,112638,58],{"class":57},[47,112640,4457],{"class":53},[47,112642,445],{"class":98},[47,112644,111192],{"class":102},[47,112646,99],{"class":98},[47,112648,61261],{"class":102},[47,112650,106],{"class":98},[47,112652,112653,112655,112657,112659],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112654,95],{"class":94},[47,112656,99],{"class":98},[47,112658,1315],{"class":102},[47,112660,106],{"class":98},[20,112662,30228],{},[38,112664,112665],{"className":40,"code":112535,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,112666,112667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687,112689],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112670,9470],{"class":98},[47,112672,1476],{"class":80},[47,112674,136],{"class":98},[47,112676,1562],{"class":80},[47,112678,136],{"class":98},[47,112680,249],{"class":80},[47,112682,136],{"class":98},[47,112684,393],{"class":80},[47,112686,136],{"class":98},[47,112688,4800],{"class":80},[47,112690,9500],{"class":98},[20,112692,21175,112693,112695],{},[15,112694,232],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[447,112697,112699],{"id":112698},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[38,112701,112703],{"className":40,"code":112702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112704,112705,112729,112762,112766,112785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112706,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112708,36284],{"class":53},[47,112710,58],{"class":57},[47,112712,10683],{"class":98},[47,112714,128],{"class":61},[47,112716,594],{"class":65},[47,112718,128],{"class":61},[47,112720,136],{"class":98},[47,112722,62],{"class":61},[47,112724,4957],{"class":65},[47,112726,128],{"class":61},[47,112728,9500],{"class":98},[47,112730,112731,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112732,112733],{"class":53},"more_letters ",[47,112735,58],{"class":57},[47,112737,9428],{"class":98},[47,112739,128],{"class":61},[47,112741,4957],{"class":65},[47,112743,128],{"class":61},[47,112745,136],{"class":98},[47,112747,62],{"class":61},[47,112749,9931],{"class":65},[47,112751,128],{"class":61},[47,112753,136],{"class":98},[47,112755,62],{"class":61},[47,112757,18964],{"class":65},[47,112759,128],{"class":61},[47,112761,106],{"class":98},[47,112763,112764],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,112765,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112767,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112783],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,112769,1290],{"class":53},[47,112771,58],{"class":57},[47,112773,70280],{"class":53},[47,112775,445],{"class":98},[47,112777,111192],{"class":102},[47,112779,99],{"class":98},[47,112781,112782],{"class":102},"more_letters",[47,112784,106],{"class":98},[47,112786,112787,112789,112791,112793],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,112788,95],{"class":94},[47,112790,99],{"class":98},[47,112792,1315],{"class":102},[47,112794,106],{"class":98},[20,112796,30228],{},[38,112798,112800],{"className":40,"code":112799,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112801,112802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112803,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112805,9470],{"class":98},[47,112807,3493],{"class":61},[47,112809,594],{"class":65},[47,112811,3493],{"class":61},[47,112813,136],{"class":98},[47,112815,3488],{"class":61},[47,112817,4957],{"class":65},[47,112819,3493],{"class":61},[47,112821,136],{"class":98},[47,112823,3488],{"class":61},[47,112825,9931],{"class":65},[47,112827,3493],{"class":61},[47,112829,136],{"class":98},[47,112831,3488],{"class":61},[47,112833,18964],{"class":65},[47,112835,3493],{"class":61},[47,112837,9500],{"class":98},[447,112839,112841],{"id":112840},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112843,112844],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[38,112846,112848],{"className":40,"code":112847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112849,112850,112875,112898,112902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112851,112852,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112853,112854],{"class":53},"chars ",[47,112856,58],{"class":57},[47,112858,10683],{"class":98},[47,112860,128],{"class":61},[47,112862,594],{"class":65},[47,112864,128],{"class":61},[47,112866,136],{"class":98},[47,112868,62],{"class":61},[47,112870,4957],{"class":65},[47,112872,128],{"class":61},[47,112874,9500],{"class":98},[47,112876,112877,112879,112881,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,112878,1290],{"class":53},[47,112880,58],{"class":57},[47,112882,112883],{"class":53}," chars",[47,112885,445],{"class":98},[47,112887,111192],{"class":102},[47,112889,99],{"class":98},[47,112891,128],{"class":61},[47,112893,37239],{"class":65},[47,112895,128],{"class":61},[47,112897,106],{"class":98},[47,112899,112900],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,112901,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,112903,112904,112906,112908,112910],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,112905,95],{"class":94},[47,112907,99],{"class":98},[47,112909,1315],{"class":102},[47,112911,106],{"class":98},[20,112913,30228],{},[38,112915,112917],{"className":40,"code":112916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112918,112919],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,112920,112921,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945,112947,112949,112951,112953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,112922,9470],{"class":98},[47,112924,3493],{"class":61},[47,112926,594],{"class":65},[47,112928,3493],{"class":61},[47,112930,136],{"class":98},[47,112932,3488],{"class":61},[47,112934,4957],{"class":65},[47,112936,3493],{"class":61},[47,112938,136],{"class":98},[47,112940,3488],{"class":61},[47,112942,9931],{"class":65},[47,112944,3493],{"class":61},[47,112946,136],{"class":98},[47,112948,3488],{"class":61},[47,112950,63472],{"class":65},[47,112952,3493],{"class":61},[47,112954,9500],{"class":98},[20,112956,22386,112957,112960],{},[15,112958,112959],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[187,112962,112963,112967,112971],{},[190,112964,112965],{},[15,112966,66666],{},[190,112968,112969],{},[15,112970,18292],{},[190,112972,112973],{},[15,112974,112975],{},"\"t\"",[33,112977,112979,10778,112981],{"id":112978},"union-vs-update",[15,112980,102722],{},[15,112982,15148],{},[20,112984,112985,839,112987,112989],{},[15,112986,102722],{},[15,112988,15148],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[447,112991,112992],{"id":111192},[15,112993,102722],{},[187,112995,112996,112998],{},[190,112997,110554],{},[190,112999,110563],{},[38,113001,113002],{"className":40,"code":112087,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113003,113004,113020,113036,113040,113058,113062,113074],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113005,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113007,2750],{"class":53},[47,113009,58],{"class":57},[47,113011,10683],{"class":98},[47,113013,1476],{"class":80},[47,113015,136],{"class":98},[47,113017,1562],{"class":80},[47,113019,9500],{"class":98},[47,113021,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113023,2777],{"class":53},[47,113025,58],{"class":57},[47,113027,10683],{"class":98},[47,113029,243],{"class":80},[47,113031,136],{"class":98},[47,113033,249],{"class":80},[47,113035,9500],{"class":98},[47,113037,113038],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113039,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,113041,113042,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,113043,1290],{"class":53},[47,113045,58],{"class":57},[47,113047,57072],{"class":53},[47,113049,445],{"class":98},[47,113051,111192],{"class":102},[47,113053,99],{"class":98},[47,113055,4957],{"class":102},[47,113057,106],{"class":98},[47,113059,113060],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113061,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,113063,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,113065,95],{"class":94},[47,113067,99],{"class":98},[47,113069,1315],{"class":102},[47,113071,3854],{"class":98},[47,113073,112160],{"class":3857},[47,113075,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,113077,95],{"class":94},[47,113079,99],{"class":98},[47,113081,594],{"class":102},[47,113083,3854],{"class":98},[47,113085,112173],{"class":3857},[447,113087,113088],{"id":30663},[15,113089,15148],{},[187,113091,113092,113095],{},[190,113093,113094],{},"changes the existing set in place",[190,113096,113097],{},"does not create a separate result set",[38,113099,113101],{"className":40,"code":113100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113102,113103,113119,113135,113139,113153,113157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113104,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115,113117],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113106,2750],{"class":53},[47,113108,58],{"class":57},[47,113110,10683],{"class":98},[47,113112,1476],{"class":80},[47,113114,136],{"class":98},[47,113116,1562],{"class":80},[47,113118,9500],{"class":98},[47,113120,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113122,2777],{"class":53},[47,113124,58],{"class":57},[47,113126,10683],{"class":98},[47,113128,243],{"class":80},[47,113130,136],{"class":98},[47,113132,249],{"class":80},[47,113134,9500],{"class":98},[47,113136,113137],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113138,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,113140,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,113142,594],{"class":53},[47,113144,445],{"class":98},[47,113146,30663],{"class":102},[47,113148,99],{"class":98},[47,113150,4957],{"class":102},[47,113152,106],{"class":98},[47,113154,113155],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113156,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,113158,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,113160,95],{"class":94},[47,113162,99],{"class":98},[47,113164,594],{"class":102},[47,113166,3854],{"class":98},[47,113168,112160],{"class":3857},[20,113170,167,113171,113173],{},[15,113172,102722],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113175,113176,113177,445],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[594,113178,13,113179,10934],{"href":98442},[15,113180,97237],{},[33,113182,4713],{"id":4712},[447,113184,1807,113186,113188],{"id":113185},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113187,102722],{}," to change the original set",[20,113190,82010],{},[38,113192,113194],{"className":40,"code":113193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113195,113196,113212,113228,113232,113246],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113197,113198,113200,113202,113204,113206,113208,113210],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113199,2750],{"class":53},[47,113201,58],{"class":57},[47,113203,10683],{"class":98},[47,113205,1476],{"class":80},[47,113207,136],{"class":98},[47,113209,1562],{"class":80},[47,113211,9500],{"class":98},[47,113213,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113215,2777],{"class":53},[47,113217,58],{"class":57},[47,113219,10683],{"class":98},[47,113221,243],{"class":80},[47,113223,136],{"class":98},[47,113225,249],{"class":80},[47,113227,9500],{"class":98},[47,113229,113230],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113231,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,113233,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242,113244],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,113235,594],{"class":53},[47,113237,445],{"class":98},[47,113239,111192],{"class":102},[47,113241,99],{"class":98},[47,113243,4957],{"class":102},[47,113245,106],{"class":98},[47,113247,113248,113250,113252,113254],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113249,95],{"class":94},[47,113251,99],{"class":98},[47,113253,594],{"class":102},[47,113255,106],{"class":98},[20,113257,144],{},[38,113259,113260],{"className":40,"code":100430,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,113261,113262],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113263,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113265,9470],{"class":98},[47,113267,1476],{"class":80},[47,113269,136],{"class":98},[47,113271,1562],{"class":80},[47,113273,9500],{"class":98},[20,113275,8688,113276,113278],{},[15,113277,102722],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113280,113281],{},"Fix it like this:",[38,113283,113285],{"className":40,"code":113284,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113286,113287,113303,113319,113323,113341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113288,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113290,2750],{"class":53},[47,113292,58],{"class":57},[47,113294,10683],{"class":98},[47,113296,1476],{"class":80},[47,113298,136],{"class":98},[47,113300,1562],{"class":80},[47,113302,9500],{"class":98},[47,113304,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113306,2777],{"class":53},[47,113308,58],{"class":57},[47,113310,10683],{"class":98},[47,113312,243],{"class":80},[47,113314,136],{"class":98},[47,113316,249],{"class":80},[47,113318,9500],{"class":98},[47,113320,113321],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113322,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,113324,113325,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,113326,2750],{"class":53},[47,113328,58],{"class":57},[47,113330,57072],{"class":53},[47,113332,445],{"class":98},[47,113334,111192],{"class":102},[47,113336,99],{"class":98},[47,113338,4957],{"class":102},[47,113340,106],{"class":98},[47,113342,113343,113345,113347,113349],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,113344,95],{"class":94},[47,113346,99],{"class":98},[47,113348,594],{"class":102},[47,113350,106],{"class":98},[447,113352,113354],{"id":113353},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113356,113357],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[38,113359,113361],{"className":40,"code":113360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113362,113363,113379,113395,113399],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113364,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113366,2750],{"class":53},[47,113368,58],{"class":57},[47,113370,10683],{"class":98},[47,113372,2263],{"class":80},[47,113374,136],{"class":98},[47,113376,1545],{"class":80},[47,113378,9500],{"class":98},[47,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387,113389,113391,113393],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113382,2777],{"class":53},[47,113384,58],{"class":57},[47,113386,10683],{"class":98},[47,113388,243],{"class":80},[47,113390,136],{"class":98},[47,113392,393],{"class":80},[47,113394,9500],{"class":98},[47,113396,113397],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113398,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,113400,113401,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,113402,95],{"class":94},[47,113404,99],{"class":98},[47,113406,594],{"class":102},[47,113408,445],{"class":98},[47,113410,111192],{"class":102},[47,113412,99],{"class":98},[47,113414,4957],{"class":102},[47,113416,1796],{"class":98},[20,113418,113419],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[447,113421,113423],{"id":113422},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[38,113425,113427],{"className":40,"code":113426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113428,113429,113445,113467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113430,113431,113433,113435,113437,113439,113441,113443],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113432,4263],{"class":53},[47,113434,58],{"class":57},[47,113436,10683],{"class":98},[47,113438,128],{"class":61},[47,113440,58311],{"class":65},[47,113442,128],{"class":61},[47,113444,9500],{"class":98},[47,113446,113447,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113448,1290],{"class":53},[47,113450,58],{"class":57},[47,113452,6362],{"class":53},[47,113454,445],{"class":98},[47,113456,111192],{"class":102},[47,113458,99],{"class":98},[47,113460,128],{"class":61},[47,113462,37239],{"class":65},[47,113464,128],{"class":61},[47,113466,106],{"class":98},[47,113468,113469,113471,113473,113475],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113470,95],{"class":94},[47,113472,99],{"class":98},[47,113474,1315],{"class":102},[47,113476,106],{"class":98},[20,113478,113479,113480,2390,113482,17268,113484,113486,113487,113489],{},"This adds ",[15,113481,66666],{},[15,113483,18292],{},[15,113485,112975],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113488,112959],{}," as one item.",[20,113491,113492],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[38,113494,113496],{"className":40,"code":113495,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113497,113498,113514,113536],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113499,113500,113502,113504,113506,113508,113510,113512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113501,4263],{"class":53},[47,113503,58],{"class":57},[47,113505,10683],{"class":98},[47,113507,128],{"class":61},[47,113509,58311],{"class":65},[47,113511,128],{"class":61},[47,113513,9500],{"class":98},[47,113515,113516,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113517,1290],{"class":53},[47,113519,58],{"class":57},[47,113521,6362],{"class":53},[47,113523,445],{"class":98},[47,113525,111192],{"class":102},[47,113527,3178],{"class":98},[47,113529,128],{"class":61},[47,113531,37239],{"class":65},[47,113533,128],{"class":61},[47,113535,4080],{"class":98},[47,113537,113538,113540,113542,113544],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113539,95],{"class":94},[47,113541,99],{"class":98},[47,113543,1315],{"class":102},[47,113545,106],{"class":98},[447,113547,113549],{"id":113548},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113551,3030],{},[38,113553,113555],{"className":40,"code":113554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113556,113557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113558,113559,113561,113563,113565,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575,113577,113579,113581],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113560,15823],{"class":53},[47,113562,58],{"class":57},[47,113564,10683],{"class":98},[47,113566,1476],{"class":80},[47,113568,136],{"class":98},[47,113570,1562],{"class":80},[47,113572,136],{"class":98},[47,113574,3815],{"class":98},[47,113576,2263],{"class":80},[47,113578,136],{"class":98},[47,113580,393],{"class":80},[47,113582,13900],{"class":98},[20,113584,113585],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113587,113588,113589,420],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113590,102722],{},[38,113592,113594],{"className":40,"code":113593,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113595,113596,113612,113634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113597,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113599,15823],{"class":53},[47,113601,58],{"class":57},[47,113603,10683],{"class":98},[47,113605,1476],{"class":80},[47,113607,136],{"class":98},[47,113609,1562],{"class":80},[47,113611,9500],{"class":98},[47,113613,113614,113616,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113615,1290],{"class":53},[47,113617,58],{"class":57},[47,113619,96847],{"class":53},[47,113621,445],{"class":98},[47,113623,111192],{"class":102},[47,113625,3178],{"class":98},[47,113627,2263],{"class":80},[47,113629,136],{"class":98},[47,113631,393],{"class":80},[47,113633,4080],{"class":98},[47,113635,113636,113638,113640,113642],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113637,95],{"class":94},[47,113639,99],{"class":98},[47,113641,1315],{"class":102},[47,113643,106],{"class":98},[33,113645,113647],{"id":113646},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113649,113650],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[187,113652,113653,113659,113666,113669],{},[190,113654,113655,113656,113658],{},"call ",[15,113657,102722],{}," without saving the returned set",[190,113660,113661,113662,8898,113664],{},"confuse ",[15,113663,102722],{},[15,113665,15148],{},[190,113667,113668],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[190,113670,113671],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113673,113674,113675,839,113679,445],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[594,113676,13,113677,10934],{"href":102711},[15,113678,106496],{},[594,113680,13,113682,10934],{"href":113681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113683,100342],{},[20,113685,62480],{},[38,113687,113689],{"className":40,"code":113688,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113690,113691,113701,113715,113725],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113692,113693,113695,113697,113699],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113694,95],{"class":94},[47,113696,99],{"class":98},[47,113698,15861],{"class":102},[47,113700,106],{"class":98},[47,113702,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113704,95],{"class":94},[47,113706,99],{"class":98},[47,113708,1922],{"class":1788},[47,113710,99],{"class":98},[47,113712,15861],{"class":102},[47,113714,1796],{"class":98},[47,113716,113717,113719,113721,113723],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113718,95],{"class":94},[47,113720,99],{"class":98},[47,113722,1315],{"class":102},[47,113724,106],{"class":98},[47,113726,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,113728,1934],{"class":94},[47,113730,99],{"class":98},[47,113732,6480],{"class":1788},[47,113734,445],{"class":98},[47,113736,111192],{"class":24948},[47,113738,106],{"class":98},[33,113740,1969],{"id":1968},[447,113742,1973,113744,102662],{"id":113743},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113745,107966],{},[20,113747,102665],{},[447,113749,1989,113751,113753],{"id":113750},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113752,102722],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113755,113756],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[447,113758,28528,113760,113762],{"id":113759},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113761,102722],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113764,42342,113765,113767],{},[15,113766,102722],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[447,113769,113771],{"id":113770},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113773,113774],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[447,113776,2055,113778,839,113780,2009],{"id":113777},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113779,102722],{},[15,113781,113782],{},"|",[20,113784,113785,113786,113788,113789,113791],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113787,113782],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113790,102722],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[33,113793,2075],{"id":2074},[187,113795,113796,113800,113806,113812,113818],{},[190,113797,113798],{},[594,113799,96251],{"href":97422},[190,113801,113802],{},[594,113803,13,113804,10934],{"href":98442},[15,113805,97237],{},[190,113807,113808],{},[594,113809,13,113810,10934],{"href":102711},[15,113811,106496],{},[190,113813,113814],{},[594,113815,13,113816,10934],{"href":113681},[15,113817,100342],{},[190,113819,113820],{},[594,113821,100267],{"href":99000},[2110,113823,113824],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":113826},[113827,113828,113830,113831,113832,113833,113835,113841,113846,113853,113854,113865],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":111922,"depth":72,"text":113829},"What set.union() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":22166,"depth":72,"text":22167},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":112409,"depth":72,"text":113834},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112567,"depth":72,"text":113836,"children":113837},"Using union() with other iterables",[113838,113839,113840],{"id":112578,"depth":84,"text":112579},{"id":112698,"depth":84,"text":112699},{"id":112840,"depth":84,"text":112841},{"id":112978,"depth":72,"text":113842,"children":113843},"union() vs update()",[113844,113845],{"id":111192,"depth":84,"text":102722},{"id":30663,"depth":84,"text":15148},{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":113847},[113848,113850,113851,113852],{"id":113185,"depth":84,"text":113849},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113353,"depth":84,"text":113354},{"id":113422,"depth":84,"text":113423},{"id":113548,"depth":84,"text":113549},{"id":113646,"depth":72,"text":113647},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":113855},[113856,113858,113860,113862,113863],{"id":113743,"depth":84,"text":113857},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113750,"depth":84,"text":113859},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113759,"depth":84,"text":113861},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113770,"depth":84,"text":113771},{"id":113777,"depth":84,"text":113864},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111802,"description":113866},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113872,"title":113873,"body":113874,"description":115763,"extension":2167,"meta":115764,"navigation":87,"path":96736,"seo":115765,"stem":115766,"__hash__":115767},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113875,"toc":115729},[113876,113881,113886,113894,113896,113954,113959,113964,113968,113980,113983,114057,114062,114064,114066,114085,114087,114104,114107,114134,114136,114206,114210,114212,114218,114220,114281,114286,114288,114345,114349,114354,114419,114421,114441,114448,114452,114457,114542,114545,114552,114655,114659,114664,114722,114725,114736,114750,114757,114815,114822,114825,114835,114839,114897,114901,114967,114970,115028,115035,115042,115045,115049,115058,115127,115131,115137,115225,115235,115239,115243,115247,115250,115311,115316,115373,115377,115379,115414,115421,115423,115477,115484,115488,115491,115556,115565,115571,115628,115630,115635,115639,115643,115646,115653,115661,115665,115670,115674,115680,115682,115717,115726],[10,113877,96123,113879,11516],{"id":113878},"python-set-update-method",[15,113880,15148],{},[20,113882,113883,113885],{},[15,113884,97237],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113887,113888,113889,113893],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[594,113890,113891],{"href":98423},[15,113892,96131],{},", which adds only one item.",[33,113895,3800],{"id":3799},[38,113897,113899],{"className":40,"code":113898,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113900,113901,113917,113939,113949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113902,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911,113913,113915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113904,3810],{"class":53},[47,113906,58],{"class":57},[47,113908,10683],{"class":98},[47,113910,1476],{"class":80},[47,113912,136],{"class":98},[47,113914,1562],{"class":80},[47,113916,9500],{"class":98},[47,113918,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935,113937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,113920,195],{"class":53},[47,113922,445],{"class":98},[47,113924,30663],{"class":102},[47,113926,3178],{"class":98},[47,113928,243],{"class":80},[47,113930,136],{"class":98},[47,113932,249],{"class":80},[47,113934,136],{"class":98},[47,113936,393],{"class":80},[47,113938,4080],{"class":98},[47,113940,113941,113943,113945,113947],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,113942,95],{"class":94},[47,113944,99],{"class":98},[47,113946,195],{"class":102},[47,113948,106],{"class":98},[47,113950,113951],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,113952,113953],{"class":3857},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113955,167,113956,113958],{},[15,113957,15148],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[33,113960,174,113962,177],{"id":113961},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113963,97237],{},[20,113965,113966,420],{},[15,113967,97237],{},[187,113969,113970,113973,113975,113978],{},[190,113971,113972],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[190,113974,96238],{},[190,113976,113977],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[190,113979,96241],{},[20,113981,113982],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[38,113984,113986],{"className":40,"code":113985,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113987,113988,114012,114038,114042,114052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,113989,113990,113992,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006,114008,114010],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,113991,13271],{"class":53},[47,113993,58],{"class":57},[47,113995,10683],{"class":98},[47,113997,128],{"class":61},[47,113999,876],{"class":65},[47,114001,128],{"class":61},[47,114003,136],{"class":98},[47,114005,62],{"class":61},[47,114007,894],{"class":65},[47,114009,128],{"class":61},[47,114011,9500],{"class":98},[47,114013,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022,114024,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114015,17698],{"class":53},[47,114017,445],{"class":98},[47,114019,30663],{"class":102},[47,114021,3178],{"class":98},[47,114023,128],{"class":61},[47,114025,894],{"class":65},[47,114027,128],{"class":61},[47,114029,136],{"class":98},[47,114031,62],{"class":61},[47,114033,885],{"class":65},[47,114035,128],{"class":61},[47,114037,4080],{"class":98},[47,114039,114040],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114041,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114043,114044,114046,114048,114050],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114045,95],{"class":94},[47,114047,99],{"class":98},[47,114049,17698],{"class":102},[47,114051,106],{"class":98},[47,114053,114054],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114055,114056],{"class":3857},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114058,21175,114059,114061],{},[15,114060,110957],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[33,114063,290],{"id":289},[20,114065,7413],{},[38,114067,114069],{"className":40,"code":114068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114070,114071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114072,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114074,15861],{"class":53},[47,114076,445],{"class":98},[47,114078,30663],{"class":102},[47,114080,99],{"class":98},[47,114082,3913],{"class":102},[47,114084,106],{"class":98},[20,114086,322],{},[187,114088,114089,114092,114095,114098,114101],{},[190,114090,114091],{},"A list",[190,114093,114094],{},"A tuple",[190,114096,114097],{},"Another set",[190,114099,114100],{},"A string",[190,114102,114103],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114105,114106],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[38,114108,114110],{"className":40,"code":114109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114111,114112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114113,114114,114116,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114115,15861],{"class":53},[47,114117,445],{"class":98},[47,114119,30663],{"class":102},[47,114121,99],{"class":98},[47,114123,594],{"class":102},[47,114125,136],{"class":98},[47,114127,2755],{"class":102},[47,114129,136],{"class":98},[47,114131,9873],{"class":102},[47,114133,106],{"class":98},[20,114135,204],{},[38,114137,114139],{"className":40,"code":114138,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114140,114141,114153,114187,114191,114201],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114142,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114144,4015],{"class":53},[47,114146,58],{"class":57},[47,114148,10683],{"class":98},[47,114150,1476],{"class":80},[47,114152,9500],{"class":98},[47,114154,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183,114185],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114156,5553],{"class":53},[47,114158,445],{"class":98},[47,114160,30663],{"class":102},[47,114162,3178],{"class":98},[47,114164,243],{"class":80},[47,114166,136],{"class":98},[47,114168,249],{"class":80},[47,114170,18258],{"class":98},[47,114172,9428],{"class":98},[47,114174,2700],{"class":80},[47,114176,136],{"class":98},[47,114178,4800],{"class":80},[47,114180,9425],{"class":98},[47,114182,10683],{"class":98},[47,114184,80777],{"class":80},[47,114186,30695],{"class":98},[47,114188,114189],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114190,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114192,114193,114195,114197,114199],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114194,95],{"class":94},[47,114196,99],{"class":98},[47,114198,5553],{"class":102},[47,114200,106],{"class":98},[47,114202,114203],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114204,114205],{"class":3857},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114207,96247,114208,445],{},[594,114209,96255],{"href":97806},[33,114211,22167],{"id":22166},[20,114213,114214,1270,114216,445],{},[15,114215,97237],{},[15,114217,285],{},[20,114219,11910],{},[38,114221,114223],{"className":40,"code":114222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114224,114225,114241,114263,114267,114277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114226,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114228,3810],{"class":53},[47,114230,58],{"class":57},[47,114232,10683],{"class":98},[47,114234,1476],{"class":80},[47,114236,136],{"class":98},[47,114238,1562],{"class":80},[47,114240,9500],{"class":98},[47,114242,114243,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114244,1290],{"class":53},[47,114246,58],{"class":57},[47,114248,4457],{"class":53},[47,114250,445],{"class":98},[47,114252,30663],{"class":102},[47,114254,3178],{"class":98},[47,114256,2263],{"class":80},[47,114258,136],{"class":98},[47,114260,393],{"class":80},[47,114262,4080],{"class":98},[47,114264,114265],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114266,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114268,114269,114271,114273,114275],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114270,95],{"class":94},[47,114272,99],{"class":98},[47,114274,1315],{"class":102},[47,114276,106],{"class":98},[47,114278,114279],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114280,62016],{"class":3857},[20,114282,114283,114284,445],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114285,1315],{},[20,114287,19165],{},[38,114289,114291],{"className":40,"code":114290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114292,114293,114309,114327,114331,114341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114294,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114296,3810],{"class":53},[47,114298,58],{"class":57},[47,114300,10683],{"class":98},[47,114302,1476],{"class":80},[47,114304,136],{"class":98},[47,114306,1562],{"class":80},[47,114308,9500],{"class":98},[47,114310,114311,114313,114315,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114312,195],{"class":53},[47,114314,445],{"class":98},[47,114316,30663],{"class":102},[47,114318,3178],{"class":98},[47,114320,2263],{"class":80},[47,114322,136],{"class":98},[47,114324,393],{"class":80},[47,114326,4080],{"class":98},[47,114328,114329],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114330,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114332,114333,114335,114337,114339],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114334,95],{"class":94},[47,114336,99],{"class":98},[47,114338,195],{"class":102},[47,114340,106],{"class":98},[47,114342,114343],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114344,113953],{"class":3857},[33,114346,114348],{"id":114347},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114350,114351,114352,445],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114353,15148],{},[38,114355,114357],{"className":40,"code":114356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114358,114359,114375,114401,114405,114415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114360,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371,114373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114362,3810],{"class":53},[47,114364,58],{"class":57},[47,114366,10683],{"class":98},[47,114368,1476],{"class":80},[47,114370,136],{"class":98},[47,114372,1562],{"class":80},[47,114374,9500],{"class":98},[47,114376,114377,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114378,195],{"class":53},[47,114380,445],{"class":98},[47,114382,30663],{"class":102},[47,114384,3178],{"class":98},[47,114386,243],{"class":80},[47,114388,136],{"class":98},[47,114390,249],{"class":80},[47,114392,136],{"class":98},[47,114394,393],{"class":80},[47,114396,136],{"class":98},[47,114398,393],{"class":80},[47,114400,4080],{"class":98},[47,114402,114403],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114404,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114406,114407,114409,114411,114413],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114408,95],{"class":94},[47,114410,99],{"class":98},[47,114412,195],{"class":102},[47,114414,106],{"class":98},[47,114416,114417],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114418,113953],{"class":3857},[20,114420,11879],{},[187,114422,114423,114428,114435],{},[190,114424,114425,114427],{},[15,114426,243],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[190,114429,114430,839,114432,114434],{},[15,114431,2263],{},[15,114433,2700],{}," are added",[190,114436,114437,114438,114440],{},"The second ",[15,114439,2700],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114442,114443,114444,114447],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[594,114445,114446],{"href":99000},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[33,114449,114451],{"id":114450},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114453,7958,114454,114456],{},[15,114455,15148],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[38,114458,114460],{"className":40,"code":114459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114461,114462,114483,114504,114508,114524,114528,114538],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114463,114464,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475,114477,114479,114481],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114465,114466],{"class":53},"set_a ",[47,114468,58],{"class":57},[47,114470,10683],{"class":98},[47,114472,1476],{"class":80},[47,114474,136],{"class":98},[47,114476,1562],{"class":80},[47,114478,136],{"class":98},[47,114480,249],{"class":80},[47,114482,9500],{"class":98},[47,114484,114485,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498,114500,114502],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114486,114487],{"class":53},"set_b ",[47,114489,58],{"class":57},[47,114491,10683],{"class":98},[47,114493,2263],{"class":80},[47,114495,136],{"class":98},[47,114497,393],{"class":80},[47,114499,136],{"class":98},[47,114501,4800],{"class":80},[47,114503,9500],{"class":98},[47,114505,114506],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114507,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114509,114510,114513,114515,114517,114519,114522],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114511,114512],{"class":53},"set_a",[47,114514,445],{"class":98},[47,114516,30663],{"class":102},[47,114518,99],{"class":98},[47,114520,114521],{"class":102},"set_b",[47,114523,106],{"class":98},[47,114525,114526],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114527,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114529,114530,114532,114534,114536],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,114531,95],{"class":94},[47,114533,99],{"class":98},[47,114535,114512],{"class":102},[47,114537,106],{"class":98},[47,114539,114540],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,114541,111914],{"class":3857},[20,114543,114544],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114546,114547,114548,445],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[594,114549,114550],{"href":102719},[15,114551,107966],{},[38,114553,114555],{"className":40,"code":114554,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114556,114557,114577,114597,114601,114621,114625,114636,114640,114650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114558,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573,114575],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114560,114466],{"class":53},[47,114562,58],{"class":57},[47,114564,10683],{"class":98},[47,114566,1476],{"class":80},[47,114568,136],{"class":98},[47,114570,1562],{"class":80},[47,114572,136],{"class":98},[47,114574,249],{"class":80},[47,114576,9500],{"class":98},[47,114578,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114580,114487],{"class":53},[47,114582,58],{"class":57},[47,114584,10683],{"class":98},[47,114586,2263],{"class":80},[47,114588,136],{"class":98},[47,114590,393],{"class":80},[47,114592,136],{"class":98},[47,114594,4800],{"class":80},[47,114596,9500],{"class":98},[47,114598,114599],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114600,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114602,114603,114606,114608,114611,114613,114615,114617,114619],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114604,114605],{"class":53},"combined ",[47,114607,58],{"class":57},[47,114609,114610],{"class":53}," set_a",[47,114612,445],{"class":98},[47,114614,111192],{"class":102},[47,114616,99],{"class":98},[47,114618,114521],{"class":102},[47,114620,106],{"class":98},[47,114622,114623],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114624,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114626,114627,114629,114631,114634],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,114628,95],{"class":94},[47,114630,99],{"class":98},[47,114632,114633],{"class":102},"combined",[47,114635,106],{"class":98},[47,114637,114638],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,114639,111914],{"class":3857},[47,114641,114642,114644,114646,114648],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,114643,95],{"class":94},[47,114645,99],{"class":98},[47,114647,114512],{"class":102},[47,114649,106],{"class":98},[47,114651,114652],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,114653,114654],{"class":3857},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[33,114656,114658],{"id":114657},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114660,64925,114661,114663],{},[15,114662,15148],{}," adds each character separately.",[38,114665,114667],{"className":40,"code":114666,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114668,114669,114685,114703,114707,114717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114670,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681,114683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114672,36284],{"class":53},[47,114674,58],{"class":57},[47,114676,10683],{"class":98},[47,114678,128],{"class":61},[47,114680,2374],{"class":65},[47,114682,128],{"class":61},[47,114684,9500],{"class":98},[47,114686,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699,114701],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114688,36337],{"class":53},[47,114690,445],{"class":98},[47,114692,30663],{"class":102},[47,114694,99],{"class":98},[47,114696,128],{"class":61},[47,114698,37239],{"class":65},[47,114700,128],{"class":61},[47,114702,106],{"class":98},[47,114704,114705],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114706,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114708,114709,114711,114713,114715],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114710,95],{"class":94},[47,114712,99],{"class":98},[47,114714,36337],{"class":102},[47,114716,106],{"class":98},[47,114718,114719],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114720,114721],{"class":3857},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114723,114724],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114726,114727,14248,114730,114732,114733,114735],{},[15,114728,114729],{},"update(\"cat\")",[280,114731,4826],{}," add ",[15,114734,112959],{}," as one item. It adds:",[187,114737,114738,114742,114746],{},[190,114739,114740],{},[15,114741,66666],{},[190,114743,114744],{},[15,114745,18292],{},[190,114747,114748],{},[15,114749,112975],{},[20,114751,114752,114753,420],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[594,114754,114755],{"href":98423},[15,114756,96131],{},[38,114758,114760],{"className":40,"code":114759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114761,114762,114778,114796,114800,114810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114763,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114765,4263],{"class":53},[47,114767,58],{"class":57},[47,114769,10683],{"class":98},[47,114771,128],{"class":61},[47,114773,58311],{"class":65},[47,114775,128],{"class":61},[47,114777,9500],{"class":98},[47,114779,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114781,4307],{"class":53},[47,114783,445],{"class":98},[47,114785,82289],{"class":102},[47,114787,99],{"class":98},[47,114789,128],{"class":61},[47,114791,37239],{"class":65},[47,114793,128],{"class":61},[47,114795,106],{"class":98},[47,114797,114798],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114799,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114803,95],{"class":94},[47,114805,99],{"class":98},[47,114807,4307],{"class":102},[47,114809,106],{"class":98},[47,114811,114812],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114813,114814],{"class":3857},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[33,114816,114818,10778,114820],{"id":114817},"update-vs-add",[15,114819,15148],{},[15,114821,96126],{},[20,114823,114824],{},"The difference is simple:",[187,114826,114827,114831],{},[190,114828,114829,96725],{},[15,114830,96126],{},[190,114832,114833,96730],{},[15,114834,15148],{},[20,114836,46228,114837,420],{},[15,114838,96126],{},[38,114840,114842],{"className":40,"code":114841,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114843,114844,114860,114878,114882,114892],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114845,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114847,36433],{"class":53},[47,114849,58],{"class":57},[47,114851,10683],{"class":98},[47,114853,128],{"class":61},[47,114855,4272],{"class":65},[47,114857,128],{"class":61},[47,114859,9500],{"class":98},[47,114861,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114863,36485],{"class":53},[47,114865,445],{"class":98},[47,114867,82289],{"class":102},[47,114869,99],{"class":98},[47,114871,128],{"class":61},[47,114873,4281],{"class":65},[47,114875,128],{"class":61},[47,114877,106],{"class":98},[47,114879,114880],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114881,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114883,114884,114886,114888,114890],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114885,95],{"class":94},[47,114887,99],{"class":98},[47,114889,36485],{"class":102},[47,114891,106],{"class":98},[47,114893,114894],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114895,114896],{"class":3857},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114898,46228,114899,420],{},[15,114900,15148],{},[38,114902,114904],{"className":40,"code":114903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114905,114906,114922,114948,114952,114962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916,114918,114920],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114909,36433],{"class":53},[47,114911,58],{"class":57},[47,114913,10683],{"class":98},[47,114915,128],{"class":61},[47,114917,4272],{"class":65},[47,114919,128],{"class":61},[47,114921,9500],{"class":98},[47,114923,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938,114940,114942,114944,114946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114925,36485],{"class":53},[47,114927,445],{"class":98},[47,114929,30663],{"class":102},[47,114931,3178],{"class":98},[47,114933,128],{"class":61},[47,114935,4281],{"class":65},[47,114937,128],{"class":61},[47,114939,136],{"class":98},[47,114941,62],{"class":61},[47,114943,33418],{"class":65},[47,114945,128],{"class":61},[47,114947,4080],{"class":98},[47,114949,114950],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,114951,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,114953,114954,114956,114958,114960],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,114955,95],{"class":94},[47,114957,99],{"class":98},[47,114959,36485],{"class":102},[47,114961,106],{"class":98},[47,114963,114964],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,114965,114966],{"class":3857},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114968,114969],{},"Important warning with strings:",[38,114971,114973],{"className":40,"code":114972,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114974,114975,114991,115009,115013,115023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,114976,114977,114979,114981,114983,114985,114987,114989],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,114978,36433],{"class":53},[47,114980,58],{"class":57},[47,114982,10683],{"class":98},[47,114984,128],{"class":61},[47,114986,4272],{"class":65},[47,114988,128],{"class":61},[47,114990,9500],{"class":98},[47,114992,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,114994,36485],{"class":53},[47,114996,445],{"class":98},[47,114998,30663],{"class":102},[47,115000,99],{"class":98},[47,115002,128],{"class":61},[47,115004,38533],{"class":65},[47,115006,128],{"class":61},[47,115008,106],{"class":98},[47,115010,115011],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115012,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115014,115015,115017,115019,115021],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115016,95],{"class":94},[47,115018,99],{"class":98},[47,115020,36485],{"class":102},[47,115022,106],{"class":98},[47,115024,115025],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115026,115027],{"class":3857},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115029,62291,115030,62364,115033,6825],{},[15,115031,115032],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115034,96126],{},[33,115036,115038,10778,115040],{"id":115037},"update-vs-union",[15,115039,15148],{},[15,115041,102722],{},[20,115043,115044],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[447,115046,115047],{"id":30663},[15,115048,15148],{},[187,115050,115051,115054],{},[190,115052,115053],{},"Changes the existing set",[190,115055,11618,115056],{},[15,115057,285],{},[38,115059,115061],{"className":40,"code":115060,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115062,115063,115079,115095,115099,115113,115123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115064,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075,115077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115066,2750],{"class":53},[47,115068,58],{"class":57},[47,115070,10683],{"class":98},[47,115072,1476],{"class":80},[47,115074,136],{"class":98},[47,115076,1562],{"class":80},[47,115078,9500],{"class":98},[47,115080,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115082,2777],{"class":53},[47,115084,58],{"class":57},[47,115086,10683],{"class":98},[47,115088,243],{"class":80},[47,115090,136],{"class":98},[47,115092,249],{"class":80},[47,115094,9500],{"class":98},[47,115096,115097],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115098,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115102,594],{"class":53},[47,115104,445],{"class":98},[47,115106,30663],{"class":102},[47,115108,99],{"class":98},[47,115110,4957],{"class":102},[47,115112,106],{"class":98},[47,115114,115115,115117,115119,115121],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115116,95],{"class":94},[47,115118,99],{"class":98},[47,115120,594],{"class":102},[47,115122,106],{"class":98},[47,115124,115125],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,115126,114654],{"class":3857},[447,115128,115129],{"id":111192},[15,115130,102722],{},[187,115132,115133,115135],{},[190,115134,101260],{},[190,115136,101263],{},[38,115138,115140],{"className":40,"code":115139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115141,115142,115158,115174,115178,115196,115206,115210,115220],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115143,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154,115156],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115145,2750],{"class":53},[47,115147,58],{"class":57},[47,115149,10683],{"class":98},[47,115151,1476],{"class":80},[47,115153,136],{"class":98},[47,115155,1562],{"class":80},[47,115157,9500],{"class":98},[47,115159,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170,115172],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115161,2777],{"class":53},[47,115163,58],{"class":57},[47,115165,10683],{"class":98},[47,115167,243],{"class":80},[47,115169,136],{"class":98},[47,115171,249],{"class":80},[47,115173,9500],{"class":98},[47,115175,115176],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115177,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115179,115180,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115181,83368],{"class":53},[47,115183,58],{"class":57},[47,115185,57072],{"class":53},[47,115187,445],{"class":98},[47,115189,111192],{"class":102},[47,115191,99],{"class":98},[47,115193,4957],{"class":102},[47,115195,106],{"class":98},[47,115197,115198,115200,115202,115204],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115199,95],{"class":94},[47,115201,99],{"class":98},[47,115203,9931],{"class":102},[47,115205,106],{"class":98},[47,115207,115208],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,115209,114654],{"class":3857},[47,115211,115212,115214,115216,115218],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,115213,95],{"class":94},[47,115215,99],{"class":98},[47,115217,594],{"class":102},[47,115219,106],{"class":98},[47,115221,115222],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,115223,115224],{"class":3857},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115226,107608,115227,115229,115230,115234],{},[15,115228,15148],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[594,115231,115232],{"href":102719},[15,115233,102722],{}," when you want a new set.",[33,115236,115238],{"id":115237},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115240,10941,115241,445],{},[15,115242,97237],{},[447,115244,115246],{"id":115245},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115248,115249],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[38,115251,115253],{"className":40,"code":115252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115254,115255,115271,115293,115297,115307],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115256,115257,115259,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115258,15823],{"class":53},[47,115260,58],{"class":57},[47,115262,10683],{"class":98},[47,115264,1476],{"class":80},[47,115266,136],{"class":98},[47,115268,1562],{"class":80},[47,115270,9500],{"class":98},[47,115272,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115274,1290],{"class":53},[47,115276,58],{"class":57},[47,115278,96847],{"class":53},[47,115280,445],{"class":98},[47,115282,30663],{"class":102},[47,115284,3178],{"class":98},[47,115286,2263],{"class":80},[47,115288,136],{"class":98},[47,115290,393],{"class":80},[47,115292,4080],{"class":98},[47,115294,115295],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115296,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115300,95],{"class":94},[47,115302,99],{"class":98},[47,115304,1315],{"class":102},[47,115306,106],{"class":98},[47,115308,115309],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115310,62016],{"class":3857},[20,115312,115313,115314,420],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115315,15148],{},[38,115317,115319],{"className":40,"code":115318,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115320,115321,115337,115355,115359,115369],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115322,115323,115325,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115324,15823],{"class":53},[47,115326,58],{"class":57},[47,115328,10683],{"class":98},[47,115330,1476],{"class":80},[47,115332,136],{"class":98},[47,115334,1562],{"class":80},[47,115336,9500],{"class":98},[47,115338,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351,115353],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115340,15861],{"class":53},[47,115342,445],{"class":98},[47,115344,30663],{"class":102},[47,115346,3178],{"class":98},[47,115348,2263],{"class":80},[47,115350,136],{"class":98},[47,115352,393],{"class":80},[47,115354,4080],{"class":98},[47,115356,115357],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115358,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115360,115361,115363,115365,115367],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115362,95],{"class":94},[47,115364,99],{"class":98},[47,115366,15861],{"class":102},[47,115368,106],{"class":98},[47,115370,115371],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115372,113953],{"class":3857},[447,115374,115376],{"id":115375},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115378,3030],{},[38,115380,115382],{"className":40,"code":115381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115383,115384,115400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115385,115386,115388,115390,115392,115394,115396,115398],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115387,15823],{"class":53},[47,115389,58],{"class":57},[47,115391,10683],{"class":98},[47,115393,1476],{"class":80},[47,115395,136],{"class":98},[47,115397,1562],{"class":80},[47,115399,9500],{"class":98},[47,115401,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115403,15861],{"class":53},[47,115405,445],{"class":98},[47,115407,30663],{"class":102},[47,115409,99],{"class":98},[47,115411,232],{"class":80},[47,115413,106],{"class":98},[20,115415,62470,115416,8794,115418,115420],{},[15,115417,1707],{},[15,115419,232],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115422,6748],{},[38,115424,115426],{"className":40,"code":115425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115427,115428,115444,115458,115462,115472],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115429,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115431,15823],{"class":53},[47,115433,58],{"class":57},[47,115435,10683],{"class":98},[47,115437,1476],{"class":80},[47,115439,136],{"class":98},[47,115441,1562],{"class":80},[47,115443,9500],{"class":98},[47,115445,115446,115448,115450,115452,115454,115456],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115447,15861],{"class":53},[47,115449,445],{"class":98},[47,115451,30663],{"class":102},[47,115453,3178],{"class":98},[47,115455,232],{"class":80},[47,115457,4080],{"class":98},[47,115459,115460],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115461,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115463,115464,115466,115468,115470],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115465,95],{"class":94},[47,115467,99],{"class":98},[47,115469,15861],{"class":102},[47,115471,106],{"class":98},[47,115473,115474],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115475,115476],{"class":3857},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115478,46101,115479,445],{},[594,115480,25878,115481],{"href":52785},[15,115482,115483],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[447,115485,115487],{"id":115486},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115489,115490],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[38,115492,115494],{"className":40,"code":115493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115495,115496,115512,115538,115542,115552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115497,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115499,15823],{"class":53},[47,115501,58],{"class":57},[47,115503,10683],{"class":98},[47,115505,1476],{"class":80},[47,115507,136],{"class":98},[47,115509,1562],{"class":80},[47,115511,9500],{"class":98},[47,115513,115514,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534,115536],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115515,15861],{"class":53},[47,115517,445],{"class":98},[47,115519,30663],{"class":102},[47,115521,3178],{"class":98},[47,115523,243],{"class":80},[47,115525,136],{"class":98},[47,115527,1562],{"class":80},[47,115529,136],{"class":98},[47,115531,1562],{"class":80},[47,115533,136],{"class":98},[47,115535,249],{"class":80},[47,115537,4080],{"class":98},[47,115539,115540],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115541,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115543,115544,115546,115548,115550],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115545,95],{"class":94},[47,115547,99],{"class":98},[47,115549,15861],{"class":102},[47,115551,106],{"class":98},[47,115553,115554],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115555,114654],{"class":3857},[447,115557,115559,115560,44820,115562,115564],{"id":115558},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115561,15148],{},[15,115563,96126],{}," is better",[20,115566,115567,115568,115570],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115569,96126],{}," is usually the better choice.",[38,115572,115574],{"className":40,"code":115573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115575,115576,115592,115610,115614,115624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115577,115578,115580,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115579,15823],{"class":53},[47,115581,58],{"class":57},[47,115583,10683],{"class":98},[47,115585,128],{"class":61},[47,115587,58311],{"class":65},[47,115589,128],{"class":61},[47,115591,9500],{"class":98},[47,115593,115594,115596,115598,115600,115602,115604,115606,115608],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115595,15861],{"class":53},[47,115597,445],{"class":98},[47,115599,82289],{"class":102},[47,115601,99],{"class":98},[47,115603,128],{"class":61},[47,115605,37239],{"class":65},[47,115607,128],{"class":61},[47,115609,106],{"class":98},[47,115611,115612],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115613,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115615,115616,115618,115620,115622],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115617,95],{"class":94},[47,115619,99],{"class":98},[47,115621,15861],{"class":102},[47,115623,106],{"class":98},[47,115625,115626],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115627,114814],{"class":3857},[33,115629,1969],{"id":1968},[447,115631,1973,115633,97216],{"id":115632},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115634,97237],{},[20,115636,97219,115637,445],{},[15,115638,285],{},[447,115640,28528,115641,32424],{"id":32421},[15,115642,15148],{},[20,115644,115645],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[447,115647,2055,115649,839,115651,2009],{"id":115648},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115650,96126],{},[15,115652,15148],{},[20,115654,115655,115657,115658,115660],{},[15,115656,96126],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115659,15148],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[447,115662,115664],{"id":115663},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115666,115667,115668,114663],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115669,15148],{},[447,115671,115673],{"id":115672},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115675,167,115676,11285,115678,445],{},[15,115677,102722],{},[15,115679,15148],{},[33,115681,2075],{"id":2074},[187,115683,115684,115691,115698,115704,115710],{},[190,115685,115686],{},[594,115687,115688],{"href":98423},[15,115689,115690],{},"Python set add() method",[190,115692,115693],{},[594,115694,115695],{"href":102719},[15,115696,115697],{},"Python set union() method",[190,115699,115700],{},[594,115701,115702],{"href":97806},[15,115703,97261],{},[190,115705,115706],{},[594,115707,115708],{"href":99000},[15,115709,100267],{},[190,115711,115712],{},[594,115713,115714,115716],{"href":52785},[15,115715,115483],{}," fix",[20,115718,115719,115720,115722,115723,115725],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115721,96131],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115724,107966],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2110,115727,115728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":115730},[115731,115732,115734,115735,115736,115737,115738,115739,115741,115746,115753,115762],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":113961,"depth":72,"text":115733},"What set.update() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":22166,"depth":72,"text":22167},{"id":114347,"depth":72,"text":114348},{"id":114450,"depth":72,"text":114451},{"id":114657,"depth":72,"text":114658},{"id":114817,"depth":72,"text":115740},"update() vs add()",{"id":115037,"depth":72,"text":115742,"children":115743},"update() vs union()",[115744,115745],{"id":30663,"depth":84,"text":15148},{"id":111192,"depth":84,"text":102722},{"id":115237,"depth":72,"text":115238,"children":115747},[115748,115749,115750,115751],{"id":115245,"depth":84,"text":115246},{"id":115375,"depth":84,"text":115376},{"id":115486,"depth":84,"text":115487},{"id":115558,"depth":84,"text":115752},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":115754},[115755,115757,115758,115760,115761],{"id":115632,"depth":84,"text":115756},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32421,"depth":84,"text":32494},{"id":115648,"depth":84,"text":115759},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115663,"depth":84,"text":115664},{"id":115672,"depth":84,"text":115673},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113873,"description":115763},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115769,"title":115770,"body":115771,"description":117537,"extension":2167,"meta":117538,"navigation":87,"path":13984,"seo":117539,"stem":117540,"__hash__":117541},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115772,"toc":117512},[115773,115776,115779,115782,115793,115801,115804,115806,115955,115967,115971,115988,115992,116000,116002,116013,116015,116112,116118,116121,116217,116226,116231,116235,116240,116242,116252,116254,116363,116371,116375,116378,116381,116398,116404,116484,116487,116491,116494,116498,116501,116560,116563,116567,116570,116662,116666,116669,116776,116780,116786,116814,116816,116898,116908,116912,116915,116926,116929,117014,117017,117022,117026,117029,117040,117043,117185,117188,117192,117195,117209,117212,117273,117279,117281,117284,117306,117309,117409,117412,117444,117446,117450,117453,117455,117458,117462,117465,117469,117472,117476,117479,117481,117509],[10,115774,115770],{"id":115775},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115777,115778],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115780,115781],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[187,115783,115784,115787,115790],{},[190,115785,115786],{},"a list inside another list",[190,115788,115789],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[190,115791,115792],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115794,100189,115795,839,115797,115800],{},[280,115796,13045],{},[280,115798,115799],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115802,115803],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[33,115805,36],{"id":35},[38,115807,115809],{"className":40,"code":115808,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115810,115811,115818,115822,115848,115868,115888,115892,115910,115914,115927,115941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,115812,115813,115815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,115814,35286],{"class":1461},[47,115816,115817],{"class":53}," copy\n",[47,115819,115820],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,115821,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115823,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832,115834,115836,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,115825,12280],{"class":53},[47,115827,58],{"class":57},[47,115829,56478],{"class":98},[47,115831,1476],{"class":80},[47,115833,136],{"class":98},[47,115835,1562],{"class":80},[47,115837,18258],{"class":98},[47,115839,3815],{"class":98},[47,115841,2263],{"class":80},[47,115843,136],{"class":98},[47,115845,393],{"class":80},[47,115847,53427],{"class":98},[47,115849,115850,115853,115855,115858,115860,115862,115864,115866],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,115851,115852],{"class":53},"shallow ",[47,115854,58],{"class":57},[47,115856,115857],{"class":53}," copy",[47,115859,445],{"class":98},[47,115861,13106],{"class":102},[47,115863,99],{"class":98},[47,115865,12327],{"class":102},[47,115867,106],{"class":98},[47,115869,115870,115873,115875,115877,115879,115882,115884,115886],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,115871,115872],{"class":53},"deep ",[47,115874,58],{"class":57},[47,115876,115857],{"class":53},[47,115878,445],{"class":98},[47,115880,115881],{"class":102},"deepcopy",[47,115883,99],{"class":98},[47,115885,12327],{"class":102},[47,115887,106],{"class":98},[47,115889,115890],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,115891,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115893,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904,115906,115908],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,115895,12327],{"class":53},[47,115897,4092],{"class":98},[47,115899,2321],{"class":80},[47,115901,13744],{"class":98},[47,115903,13747],{"class":102},[47,115905,99],{"class":98},[47,115907,56531],{"class":80},[47,115909,106],{"class":98},[47,115911,115912],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,115913,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,115915,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,115917,95],{"class":94},[47,115919,99],{"class":98},[47,115921,12327],{"class":102},[47,115923,3854],{"class":98},[47,115925,115926],{"class":3857},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115928,115929,115931,115933,115936,115938],{"class":49,"line":6630},[47,115930,95],{"class":94},[47,115932,99],{"class":98},[47,115934,115935],{"class":102},"shallow",[47,115937,3854],{"class":98},[47,115939,115940],{"class":3857},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[47,115942,115943,115945,115947,115950,115952],{"class":49,"line":11790},[47,115944,95],{"class":94},[47,115946,99],{"class":98},[47,115948,115949],{"class":102},"deep",[47,115951,3854],{"class":98},[47,115953,115954],{"class":3857},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115956,167,115957,115960,115961,839,115963,115966],{},[15,115958,115959],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[280,115962,13045],{},[15,115964,115965],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[33,115968,115970],{"id":115969},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[187,115972,115973,115976,115979,115982,115985],{},[190,115974,115975],{},"What a copy means in Python",[190,115977,115978],{},"How shallow copy works",[190,115980,115981],{},"How deep copy works",[190,115983,115984],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[190,115986,115987],{},"When to use each approach",[33,115989,115991],{"id":115990},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115993,15383,115994,115996,115997,115999],{},[280,115995,13045],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[280,115998,4826],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116001,2308],{},[187,116003,116004,116007,116010],{},[190,116005,116006],{},"the outer container is new",[190,116008,116009],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[190,116011,116012],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116014,204],{},[38,116016,116018],{"className":40,"code":116017,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116019,116020,116046,116060,116064,116082,116086,116099],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116023,12280],{"class":53},[47,116025,58],{"class":57},[47,116027,56478],{"class":98},[47,116029,1476],{"class":80},[47,116031,136],{"class":98},[47,116033,1562],{"class":80},[47,116035,18258],{"class":98},[47,116037,3815],{"class":98},[47,116039,2263],{"class":80},[47,116041,136],{"class":98},[47,116043,393],{"class":80},[47,116045,53427],{"class":98},[47,116047,116048,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116049,14505],{"class":53},[47,116051,58],{"class":57},[47,116053,12355],{"class":53},[47,116055,445],{"class":98},[47,116057,13106],{"class":102},[47,116059,8836],{"class":98},[47,116061,116062],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116063,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116065,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074,116076,116078,116080],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116067,14524],{"class":53},[47,116069,445],{"class":98},[47,116071,13747],{"class":102},[47,116073,3178],{"class":98},[47,116075,232],{"class":80},[47,116077,136],{"class":98},[47,116079,398],{"class":80},[47,116081,4080],{"class":98},[47,116083,116084],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116085,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116087,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,116089,95],{"class":94},[47,116091,99],{"class":98},[47,116093,12327],{"class":102},[47,116095,3854],{"class":98},[47,116097,116098],{"class":3857},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[47,116100,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,116102,95],{"class":94},[47,116104,99],{"class":98},[47,116106,14524],{"class":102},[47,116108,3854],{"class":98},[47,116110,116111],{"class":3857},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116113,116114,116115,116117],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116116,14524],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116119,116120],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[38,116122,116124],{"className":40,"code":116123,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116125,116126,116152,116166,116170,116188,116192,116204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116127,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138,116140,116142,116144,116146,116148,116150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116129,12280],{"class":53},[47,116131,58],{"class":57},[47,116133,56478],{"class":98},[47,116135,1476],{"class":80},[47,116137,136],{"class":98},[47,116139,1562],{"class":80},[47,116141,18258],{"class":98},[47,116143,3815],{"class":98},[47,116145,2263],{"class":80},[47,116147,136],{"class":98},[47,116149,393],{"class":80},[47,116151,53427],{"class":98},[47,116153,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162,116164],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116155,14505],{"class":53},[47,116157,58],{"class":57},[47,116159,12355],{"class":53},[47,116161,445],{"class":98},[47,116163,13106],{"class":102},[47,116165,8836],{"class":98},[47,116167,116168],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116169,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116171,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116173,14524],{"class":53},[47,116175,4092],{"class":98},[47,116177,2321],{"class":80},[47,116179,13744],{"class":98},[47,116181,13747],{"class":102},[47,116183,99],{"class":98},[47,116185,56531],{"class":80},[47,116187,106],{"class":98},[47,116189,116190],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116191,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116193,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,116195,95],{"class":94},[47,116197,99],{"class":98},[47,116199,12327],{"class":102},[47,116201,3854],{"class":98},[47,116203,115926],{"class":3857},[47,116205,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,116207,95],{"class":94},[47,116209,99],{"class":98},[47,116211,14524],{"class":102},[47,116213,3854],{"class":98},[47,116215,116216],{"class":3857},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116218,116219,116220,839,116222,116225],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116221,56635],{},[15,116223,116224],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116227,116228,116229,445],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[594,116230,44126],{"href":12259},[33,116232,116234],{"id":116233},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116236,15383,116237,116239],{},[280,116238,115799],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116241,2308],{},[187,116243,116244,116246,116249],{},[190,116245,116006],{},[190,116247,116248],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[190,116250,116251],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116253,204],{},[38,116255,116257],{"className":40,"code":116256,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116258,116259,116265,116269,116295,116313,116317,116335,116339,116351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116260,116261,116263],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116262,35286],{"class":1461},[47,116264,115817],{"class":53},[47,116266,116267],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116268,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116270,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116272,12280],{"class":53},[47,116274,58],{"class":57},[47,116276,56478],{"class":98},[47,116278,1476],{"class":80},[47,116280,136],{"class":98},[47,116282,1562],{"class":80},[47,116284,18258],{"class":98},[47,116286,3815],{"class":98},[47,116288,2263],{"class":80},[47,116290,136],{"class":98},[47,116292,393],{"class":80},[47,116294,53427],{"class":98},[47,116296,116297,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116298,14505],{"class":53},[47,116300,58],{"class":57},[47,116302,115857],{"class":53},[47,116304,445],{"class":98},[47,116306,115881],{"class":102},[47,116308,99],{"class":98},[47,116310,12327],{"class":102},[47,116312,106],{"class":98},[47,116314,116315],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116316,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,116320,14524],{"class":53},[47,116322,4092],{"class":98},[47,116324,2321],{"class":80},[47,116326,13744],{"class":98},[47,116328,13747],{"class":102},[47,116330,99],{"class":98},[47,116332,56531],{"class":80},[47,116334,106],{"class":98},[47,116336,116337],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,116338,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116340,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,116342,95],{"class":94},[47,116344,99],{"class":98},[47,116346,12327],{"class":102},[47,116348,3854],{"class":98},[47,116350,116098],{"class":3857},[47,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,116354,95],{"class":94},[47,116356,99],{"class":98},[47,116358,14524],{"class":102},[47,116360,3854],{"class":98},[47,116362,116216],{"class":3857},[20,116364,116365,116366,116368,116369,445],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116367,116224],{}," does not change ",[15,116370,56635],{},[33,116372,116374],{"id":116373},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116376,116377],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116379,116380],{},"Common reasons:",[187,116382,116383,116386,116389,116395],{},[190,116384,116385],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[190,116387,116388],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[190,116390,116391,116392,116394],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116393,58],{}," does not make a copy",[190,116396,116397],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116399,116400,116401,116403],{},"For example, this does ",[280,116402,4826],{}," create a copy:",[38,116405,116407],{"className":40,"code":116406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116408,116409,116429,116437,116441,116455,116459,116471],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116410,116411,116413,116415,116417,116419,116421,116423,116425,116427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116412,12280],{"class":53},[47,116414,58],{"class":57},[47,116416,3815],{"class":98},[47,116418,1476],{"class":80},[47,116420,136],{"class":98},[47,116422,1562],{"class":80},[47,116424,136],{"class":98},[47,116426,249],{"class":80},[47,116428,3828],{"class":98},[47,116430,116431,116433,116435],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116432,14505],{"class":53},[47,116434,58],{"class":57},[47,116436,12318],{"class":53},[47,116438,116439],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116440,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116442,116443,116445,116447,116449,116451,116453],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116444,14524],{"class":53},[47,116446,445],{"class":98},[47,116448,13747],{"class":102},[47,116450,99],{"class":98},[47,116452,2700],{"class":80},[47,116454,106],{"class":98},[47,116456,116457],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116458,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116460,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,116462,95],{"class":94},[47,116464,99],{"class":98},[47,116466,12327],{"class":102},[47,116468,3854],{"class":98},[47,116470,55885],{"class":3857},[47,116472,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,116474,95],{"class":94},[47,116476,99],{"class":98},[47,116478,14524],{"class":102},[47,116480,3854],{"class":98},[47,116482,116483],{"class":3857},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116485,116486],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[33,116488,116490],{"id":116489},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116492,116493],{},"These three ideas are different.",[447,116495,116497],{"id":116496},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116499,116500],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[38,116502,116504],{"className":40,"code":116503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116505,116506,116532,116540,116544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116507,116508,116510,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528,116530],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116509,12280],{"class":53},[47,116511,58],{"class":57},[47,116513,56478],{"class":98},[47,116515,1476],{"class":80},[47,116517,136],{"class":98},[47,116519,1562],{"class":80},[47,116521,18258],{"class":98},[47,116523,3815],{"class":98},[47,116525,2263],{"class":80},[47,116527,136],{"class":98},[47,116529,393],{"class":80},[47,116531,53427],{"class":98},[47,116533,116534,116536,116538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116535,14297],{"class":53},[47,116537,58],{"class":57},[47,116539,12318],{"class":53},[47,116541,116542],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116543,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116545,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116547,95],{"class":94},[47,116549,99],{"class":98},[47,116551,12280],{"class":102},[47,116553,12388],{"class":1461},[47,116555,14364],{"class":102},[47,116557,3854],{"class":98},[47,116559,3858],{"class":3857},[20,116561,116562],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[447,116564,116566],{"id":116565},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116568,116569],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[38,116571,116573],{"className":40,"code":116572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116574,116575,116601,116615,116619,116636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116576,116577,116579,116581,116583,116585,116587,116589,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116578,12280],{"class":53},[47,116580,58],{"class":57},[47,116582,56478],{"class":98},[47,116584,1476],{"class":80},[47,116586,136],{"class":98},[47,116588,1562],{"class":80},[47,116590,18258],{"class":98},[47,116592,3815],{"class":98},[47,116594,2263],{"class":80},[47,116596,136],{"class":98},[47,116598,393],{"class":80},[47,116600,53427],{"class":98},[47,116602,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116604,115852],{"class":53},[47,116606,58],{"class":57},[47,116608,12355],{"class":53},[47,116610,445],{"class":98},[47,116612,13106],{"class":102},[47,116614,8836],{"class":98},[47,116616,116617],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116618,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116620,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116632,116634],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116622,95],{"class":94},[47,116624,99],{"class":98},[47,116626,12280],{"class":102},[47,116628,12388],{"class":1461},[47,116630,116631],{"class":102}," shallow",[47,116633,3854],{"class":98},[47,116635,21398],{"class":3857},[47,116637,116638,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116639,95],{"class":94},[47,116641,99],{"class":98},[47,116643,12327],{"class":102},[47,116645,4092],{"class":98},[47,116647,2321],{"class":80},[47,116649,13467],{"class":98},[47,116651,8291],{"class":1461},[47,116653,116631],{"class":102},[47,116655,4092],{"class":98},[47,116657,2321],{"class":80},[47,116659,20643],{"class":98},[47,116661,3858],{"class":3857},[447,116663,116665],{"id":116664},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116667,116668],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[38,116670,116672],{"className":40,"code":116671,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116673,116674,116680,116684,116710,116728,116732,116750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116675,116676,116678],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116677,35286],{"class":1461},[47,116679,115817],{"class":53},[47,116681,116682],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116683,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116685,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706,116708],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116687,12280],{"class":53},[47,116689,58],{"class":57},[47,116691,56478],{"class":98},[47,116693,1476],{"class":80},[47,116695,136],{"class":98},[47,116697,1562],{"class":80},[47,116699,18258],{"class":98},[47,116701,3815],{"class":98},[47,116703,2263],{"class":80},[47,116705,136],{"class":98},[47,116707,393],{"class":80},[47,116709,53427],{"class":98},[47,116711,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116713,115872],{"class":53},[47,116715,58],{"class":57},[47,116717,115857],{"class":53},[47,116719,445],{"class":98},[47,116721,115881],{"class":102},[47,116723,99],{"class":98},[47,116725,12327],{"class":102},[47,116727,106],{"class":98},[47,116729,116730],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116731,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116733,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116745,116747],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,116735,95],{"class":94},[47,116737,99],{"class":98},[47,116739,12280],{"class":102},[47,116741,12388],{"class":1461},[47,116743,116744],{"class":102}," deep",[47,116746,3854],{"class":98},[47,116748,116749],{"class":3857},"         # False\n",[47,116751,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,116753,95],{"class":94},[47,116755,99],{"class":98},[47,116757,12327],{"class":102},[47,116759,4092],{"class":98},[47,116761,2321],{"class":80},[47,116763,13467],{"class":98},[47,116765,8291],{"class":1461},[47,116767,116744],{"class":102},[47,116769,4092],{"class":98},[47,116771,2321],{"class":80},[47,116773,20643],{"class":98},[47,116775,44062],{"class":3857},[33,116777,116779],{"id":116778},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116781,116782,116783,420],{},"These all make ",[280,116784,116785],{},"shallow copies",[187,116787,116788,116792,116796,116801,116807],{},[190,116789,116790],{},[15,116791,55785],{},[190,116793,116794],{},[15,116795,12629],{},[190,116797,116798],{},[15,116799,116800],{},"set.copy()",[190,116802,116803,116804],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116805,116806],{},"my_list[:]",[190,116808,116809,116811,116812,35276],{},[15,116810,115959],{}," from the ",[15,116813,13106],{},[20,116815,2327],{},[38,116817,116819],{"className":40,"code":116818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116820,116821,116841,116845,116859,116870,116874,116886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116822,116823,116825,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116824,3810],{"class":53},[47,116826,58],{"class":57},[47,116828,3815],{"class":98},[47,116830,1476],{"class":80},[47,116832,136],{"class":98},[47,116834,1562],{"class":80},[47,116836,136],{"class":98},[47,116838,249],{"class":80},[47,116840,3828],{"class":98},[47,116842,116843],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116844,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116846,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116848,2750],{"class":53},[47,116850,58],{"class":57},[47,116852,4457],{"class":53},[47,116854,445],{"class":98},[47,116856,13106],{"class":102},[47,116858,8836],{"class":98},[47,116860,116861,116863,116865,116867],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116862,2777],{"class":53},[47,116864,58],{"class":57},[47,116866,4457],{"class":53},[47,116868,116869],{"class":98},"[:]\n",[47,116871,116872],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116873,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116875,116876,116878,116880,116882,116884],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,116877,95],{"class":94},[47,116879,99],{"class":98},[47,116881,594],{"class":102},[47,116883,3854],{"class":98},[47,116885,55116],{"class":3857},[47,116887,116888,116890,116892,116894,116896],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,116889,95],{"class":94},[47,116891,99],{"class":98},[47,116893,4957],{"class":102},[47,116895,3854],{"class":98},[47,116897,55116],{"class":3857},[20,116899,73324,116900,47721,116904,445],{},[594,116901,116902,10934],{"href":55144},[15,116903,55785],{},[594,116905,116906,10934],{"href":12626},[15,116907,12629],{},[33,116909,116911],{"id":116910},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116913,116914],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[187,116916,116917,116920,116923],{},[190,116918,116919],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[190,116921,116922],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[190,116924,116925],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116927,116928],{},"Example with a flat list:",[38,116930,116932],{"className":40,"code":116931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116933,116934,116954,116968,116972,116986,116990,117002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,116935,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,116937,12280],{"class":53},[47,116939,58],{"class":57},[47,116941,3815],{"class":98},[47,116943,1476],{"class":80},[47,116945,136],{"class":98},[47,116947,1562],{"class":80},[47,116949,136],{"class":98},[47,116951,249],{"class":80},[47,116953,3828],{"class":98},[47,116955,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,116957,14505],{"class":53},[47,116959,58],{"class":57},[47,116961,12355],{"class":53},[47,116963,445],{"class":98},[47,116965,13106],{"class":102},[47,116967,8836],{"class":98},[47,116969,116970],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,116971,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116973,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,116975,14524],{"class":53},[47,116977,445],{"class":98},[47,116979,13747],{"class":102},[47,116981,99],{"class":98},[47,116983,2700],{"class":80},[47,116985,106],{"class":98},[47,116987,116988],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,116989,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,116991,116992,116994,116996,116998,117000],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,116993,95],{"class":94},[47,116995,99],{"class":98},[47,116997,12327],{"class":102},[47,116999,3854],{"class":98},[47,117001,55116],{"class":3857},[47,117003,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,117005,95],{"class":94},[47,117007,99],{"class":98},[47,117009,14524],{"class":102},[47,117011,3854],{"class":98},[47,117013,116483],{"class":3857},[20,117015,117016],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117018,117019,117020,445],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[594,117021,15082],{"href":57404},[33,117023,117025],{"id":117024},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117027,117028],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[187,117030,117031,117034,117037],{},[190,117032,117033],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[190,117035,117036],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[190,117038,117039],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117041,117042],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[38,117044,117046],{"className":40,"code":117045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117047,117048,117054,117058,117084,117098,117116,117120,117142,117146,117159,117172],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117049,117050,117052],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117051,35286],{"class":1461},[47,117053,115817],{"class":53},[47,117055,117056],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117057,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117059,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,117061,12280],{"class":53},[47,117063,58],{"class":57},[47,117065,10683],{"class":98},[47,117067,128],{"class":61},[47,117069,16584],{"class":65},[47,117071,128],{"class":61},[47,117073,420],{"class":98},[47,117075,3815],{"class":98},[47,117077,582],{"class":80},[47,117079,136],{"class":98},[47,117081,7986],{"class":80},[47,117083,13900],{"class":98},[47,117085,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,117087,115852],{"class":53},[47,117089,58],{"class":57},[47,117091,12355],{"class":53},[47,117093,445],{"class":98},[47,117095,13106],{"class":102},[47,117097,8836],{"class":98},[47,117099,117100,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110,117112,117114],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117101,115872],{"class":53},[47,117103,58],{"class":57},[47,117105,115857],{"class":53},[47,117107,445],{"class":98},[47,117109,115881],{"class":102},[47,117111,99],{"class":98},[47,117113,12327],{"class":102},[47,117115,106],{"class":98},[47,117117,117118],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,117119,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117121,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132,117134,117136,117138,117140],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,117123,12327],{"class":53},[47,117125,4092],{"class":98},[47,117127,128],{"class":61},[47,117129,16584],{"class":65},[47,117131,128],{"class":61},[47,117133,13744],{"class":98},[47,117135,13747],{"class":102},[47,117137,99],{"class":98},[47,117139,37034],{"class":80},[47,117141,106],{"class":98},[47,117143,117144],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,117145,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117147,117148,117150,117152,117154,117156],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,117149,95],{"class":94},[47,117151,99],{"class":98},[47,117153,12327],{"class":102},[47,117155,3854],{"class":98},[47,117157,117158],{"class":3857},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117160,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169],{"class":49,"line":6630},[47,117162,95],{"class":94},[47,117164,99],{"class":98},[47,117166,115935],{"class":102},[47,117168,3854],{"class":98},[47,117170,117171],{"class":3857},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[47,117173,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182],{"class":49,"line":11790},[47,117175,95],{"class":94},[47,117177,99],{"class":98},[47,117179,115949],{"class":102},[47,117181,3854],{"class":98},[47,117183,117184],{"class":3857},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117186,117187],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[33,117189,117191],{"id":117190},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117193,117194],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[187,117196,117197,117200,117203,117206],{},[190,117198,117199],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[190,117201,117202],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[190,117204,117205],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[190,117207,117208],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117210,117211],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[38,117213,117215],{"className":40,"code":117214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117216,117217,117225,117233,117237,117245,117249,117261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117218,117219,117221,117223],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117220,2750],{"class":53},[47,117222,58],{"class":57},[47,117224,423],{"class":80},[47,117226,117227,117229,117231],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117228,2777],{"class":53},[47,117230,58],{"class":57},[47,117232,36369],{"class":53},[47,117234,117235],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,117236,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117238,117239,117241,117243],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,117240,2777],{"class":53},[47,117242,58],{"class":57},[47,117244,14808],{"class":80},[47,117246,117247],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117248,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117250,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,117252,95],{"class":94},[47,117254,99],{"class":98},[47,117256,594],{"class":102},[47,117258,3854],{"class":98},[47,117260,26994],{"class":3857},[47,117262,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,117264,95],{"class":94},[47,117266,99],{"class":98},[47,117268,4957],{"class":102},[47,117270,3854],{"class":98},[47,117272,27815],{"class":3857},[20,117274,93431,117275,117278],{},[594,117276,117277],{"href":12259},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[33,117280,1595],{"id":1594},[20,117282,117283],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[187,117285,117286,117290,117295,117300,117303],{},[190,117287,1654,117288,56968],{},[15,117289,58],{},[190,117291,1654,117292,117294],{},[15,117293,55785],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[190,117296,1654,117297,117299],{},[15,117298,12629],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[190,117301,117302],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[190,117304,117305],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117307,117308],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[38,117310,117312],{"className":40,"code":117311,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117313,117314,117328,117342,117364,117395],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117315,117316,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117317,95],{"class":94},[47,117319,99],{"class":98},[47,117321,12280],{"class":102},[47,117323,12388],{"class":1461},[47,117325,14578],{"class":102},[47,117327,106],{"class":98},[47,117329,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117331,95],{"class":94},[47,117333,99],{"class":98},[47,117335,12280],{"class":102},[47,117337,4884],{"class":57},[47,117339,14578],{"class":102},[47,117341,106],{"class":98},[47,117343,117344,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,117345,95],{"class":94},[47,117347,99],{"class":98},[47,117349,12844],{"class":94},[47,117351,99],{"class":98},[47,117353,12327],{"class":102},[47,117355,9425],{"class":98},[47,117357,15010],{"class":94},[47,117359,99],{"class":98},[47,117361,14524],{"class":102},[47,117363,1796],{"class":98},[47,117365,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378,117380,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,117367,95],{"class":94},[47,117369,99],{"class":98},[47,117371,12844],{"class":94},[47,117373,99],{"class":98},[47,117375,12327],{"class":102},[47,117377,4092],{"class":98},[47,117379,2321],{"class":80},[47,117381,117382],{"class":98},"]),",[47,117384,15010],{"class":94},[47,117386,99],{"class":98},[47,117388,14524],{"class":102},[47,117390,4092],{"class":98},[47,117392,2321],{"class":80},[47,117394,3191],{"class":98},[47,117396,117397,117399,117401,117403,117405,117407],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117398,95],{"class":94},[47,117400,99],{"class":98},[47,117402,1922],{"class":1788},[47,117404,99],{"class":98},[47,117406,12327],{"class":102},[47,117408,1796],{"class":98},[20,117410,117411],{},"What they tell you:",[187,117413,117414,117419,117424,117429,117439],{},[190,117415,117416,117418],{},[15,117417,12388],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[190,117420,117421,117423],{},[15,117422,4884],{}," checks whether values are equal",[190,117425,117426,117428],{},[15,117427,43678],{}," shows the identity of an object",[190,117430,117431,117432,839,117435,117438],{},"comparing ",[15,117433,117434],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117436,117437],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[190,117440,117441,117443],{},[15,117442,2500],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[33,117445,1969],{"id":1968},[447,117447,117449],{"id":117448},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117451,117452],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[447,117454,57454],{"id":57369},[20,117456,117457],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[447,117459,117461],{"id":117460},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117463,117464],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[447,117466,117468],{"id":117467},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117470,117471],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[447,117473,117475],{"id":117474},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117477,117478],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[33,117480,2075],{"id":2074},[187,117482,117483,117488,117494,117500,117504],{},[190,117484,117485],{},[594,117486,117487],{"href":12259},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[190,117489,117490],{},[594,117491,13,117492,10934],{"href":55144},[15,117493,55785],{},[190,117495,117496],{},[594,117497,13,117498,10934],{"href":12626},[15,117499,12629],{},[190,117501,117502],{},[594,117503,15159],{"href":57404},[190,117505,117506],{},[594,117507,117508],{"href":58678},"What is a list in Python?",[2110,117510,117511],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":117513},[117514,117515,117516,117517,117518,117519,117524,117525,117526,117527,117528,117529,117536],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":115969,"depth":72,"text":115970},{"id":115990,"depth":72,"text":115991},{"id":116233,"depth":72,"text":116234},{"id":116373,"depth":72,"text":116374},{"id":116489,"depth":72,"text":116490,"children":117520},[117521,117522,117523],{"id":116496,"depth":84,"text":116497},{"id":116565,"depth":84,"text":116566},{"id":116664,"depth":84,"text":116665},{"id":116778,"depth":72,"text":116779},{"id":116910,"depth":72,"text":116911},{"id":117024,"depth":72,"text":117025},{"id":117190,"depth":72,"text":117191},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":117530},[117531,117532,117533,117534,117535],{"id":117448,"depth":84,"text":117449},{"id":57369,"depth":84,"text":57454},{"id":117460,"depth":84,"text":117461},{"id":117467,"depth":84,"text":117468},{"id":117474,"depth":84,"text":117475},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115770,"description":117537},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117543,"title":117544,"body":117545,"description":119402,"extension":2167,"meta":119403,"navigation":87,"path":119404,"seo":119405,"stem":119406,"__hash__":119407},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117546,"toc":119360},[117547,117552,117557,117565,117567,117635,117640,117645,117660,117663,117665,117696,117698,117718,117721,117736,117738,117741,117814,117816,117861,117863,117874,117879,117883,117888,117891,117930,117932,117952,117955,118012,118014,118049,118052,118091,118093,118113,118116,118147,118149,118205,118207,118212,118283,118285,118318,118323,118328,118393,118395,118432,118435,118512,118514,118574,118581,118586,118589,118592,118673,118675,118716,118721,118724,118802,118804,118837,118846,118853,118856,118867,118870,118881,118885,118893,118902,118906,118911,118915,118920,118963,118966,118972,118975,118977,119024,119029,119033,119036,119085,119087,119108,119111,119113,119138,119141,119262,119267,119269,119274,119277,119282,119285,119293,119298,119305,119308,119316,119319,119321,119357],[10,117548,13,117550,18],{"id":117549},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117551,74608],{},[20,117553,117554,117556],{},[15,117555,74608],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117558,117559,117560,2390,117562,117564],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117561,78051],{},[15,117563,74608],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[33,117566,3800],{"id":3799},[38,117568,117570],{"className":40,"code":117569,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117571,117572,117592,117606,117610,117622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117573,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582,117584,117586,117588,117590],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117575,3810],{"class":53},[47,117577,58],{"class":57},[47,117579,3815],{"class":98},[47,117581,2263],{"class":80},[47,117583,136],{"class":98},[47,117585,1545],{"class":80},[47,117587,136],{"class":98},[47,117589,1562],{"class":80},[47,117591,3828],{"class":98},[47,117593,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602,117604],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117595,1290],{"class":53},[47,117597,58],{"class":57},[47,117599,74742],{"class":94},[47,117601,99],{"class":98},[47,117603,195],{"class":102},[47,117605,106],{"class":98},[47,117607,117608],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,117609,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117611,117612,117614,117616,117618,117620],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,117613,95],{"class":94},[47,117615,99],{"class":98},[47,117617,1315],{"class":102},[47,117619,3854],{"class":98},[47,117621,55872],{"class":3857},[47,117623,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117625,95],{"class":94},[47,117627,99],{"class":98},[47,117629,195],{"class":102},[47,117631,3854],{"class":98},[47,117633,117634],{"class":3857},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117636,117637,117639],{},[15,117638,74608],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[33,117641,174,117643,177],{"id":117642},"what-sorted-does",[15,117644,74608],{},[187,117646,117647,117651,117654,117657],{},[190,117648,117649,63111],{},[15,117650,74608],{},[190,117652,117653],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[190,117655,117656],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[190,117658,117659],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117661,117662],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[33,117664,290],{"id":289},[38,117666,117668],{"className":40,"code":117667,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117669,117670],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117671,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680,117682,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117673,74698],{"class":94},[47,117675,99],{"class":98},[47,117677,3913],{"class":102},[47,117679,136],{"class":98},[47,117681,21777],{"class":951},[47,117683,58],{"class":57},[47,117685,285],{"class":1334},[47,117687,136],{"class":98},[47,117689,78254],{"class":951},[47,117691,58],{"class":57},[47,117693,3868],{"class":1334},[47,117695,106],{"class":98},[447,117697,17591],{"id":17590},[187,117699,117700,117705,117710],{},[190,117701,117702,117704],{},[15,117703,3913],{},": the values to sort",[190,117706,117707,117709],{},[15,117708,15035],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[190,117711,117712,117714,117715,117717],{},[15,117713,73761],{},": set to ",[15,117716,3795],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117719,117720],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[38,117722,117724],{"className":40,"code":117723,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117725,117726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117727,117728,117730,117732,117734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117729,74698],{"class":94},[47,117731,99],{"class":98},[47,117733,60492],{"class":102},[47,117735,106],{"class":98},[33,117737,11670],{"id":11669},[20,117739,117740],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[38,117742,117744],{"className":40,"code":117743,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117745,117746,117770,117774,117789,117793,117804],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117747,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758,117760,117762,117764,117766,117768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117749,3810],{"class":53},[47,117751,58],{"class":57},[47,117753,3815],{"class":98},[47,117755,232],{"class":80},[47,117757,136],{"class":98},[47,117759,1562],{"class":80},[47,117761,136],{"class":98},[47,117763,6553],{"class":80},[47,117765,136],{"class":98},[47,117767,1545],{"class":80},[47,117769,3828],{"class":98},[47,117771,117772],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117773,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117775,117776,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,117777,117778],{"class":53},"sorted_numbers ",[47,117780,58],{"class":57},[47,117782,74742],{"class":94},[47,117784,99],{"class":98},[47,117786,195],{"class":102},[47,117788,106],{"class":98},[47,117790,117791],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,117792,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,117794,117795,117797,117799,117802],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,117796,95],{"class":94},[47,117798,99],{"class":98},[47,117800,117801],{"class":102},"sorted_numbers",[47,117803,106],{"class":98},[47,117805,117806,117808,117810,117812],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,117807,95],{"class":94},[47,117809,99],{"class":98},[47,117811,195],{"class":102},[47,117813,106],{"class":98},[20,117815,144],{},[38,117817,117819],{"className":40,"code":117818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117820,117821,117841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117822,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117824,4092],{"class":98},[47,117826,1476],{"class":80},[47,117828,136],{"class":98},[47,117830,1562],{"class":80},[47,117832,136],{"class":98},[47,117834,4800],{"class":80},[47,117836,136],{"class":98},[47,117838,6553],{"class":80},[47,117840,3828],{"class":98},[47,117842,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117844,4092],{"class":98},[47,117846,232],{"class":80},[47,117848,136],{"class":98},[47,117850,1562],{"class":80},[47,117852,136],{"class":98},[47,117854,6553],{"class":80},[47,117856,136],{"class":98},[47,117858,1545],{"class":80},[47,117860,3828],{"class":98},[20,117862,13957],{},[187,117864,117865,117870],{},[190,117866,117867,117869],{},[15,117868,117801],{}," is a new sorted list",[190,117871,117872,112406],{},[15,117873,195],{},[20,117875,117876,117877,445],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[594,117878,78561],{"href":78560},[33,117880,117882],{"id":117881},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117884,117885,117887],{},[15,117886,74608],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[447,117889,117890],{"id":8288},"List",[38,117892,117894],{"className":40,"code":117893,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117895,117896,117916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117897,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117899,3810],{"class":53},[47,117901,58],{"class":57},[47,117903,3815],{"class":98},[47,117905,2263],{"class":80},[47,117907,136],{"class":98},[47,117909,1545],{"class":80},[47,117911,136],{"class":98},[47,117913,1562],{"class":80},[47,117915,3828],{"class":98},[47,117917,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117919,95],{"class":94},[47,117921,99],{"class":98},[47,117923,74698],{"class":94},[47,117925,99],{"class":98},[47,117927,195],{"class":102},[47,117929,1796],{"class":98},[20,117931,144],{},[38,117933,117934],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,117935,117936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117937,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117939,4092],{"class":98},[47,117941,1476],{"class":80},[47,117943,136],{"class":98},[47,117945,1562],{"class":80},[47,117947,136],{"class":98},[47,117949,249],{"class":80},[47,117951,3828],{"class":98},[447,117953,117954],{"id":49139},"Tuple",[38,117956,117958],{"className":40,"code":117957,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117959,117960,117980,117994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,117961,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,117963,4015],{"class":53},[47,117965,58],{"class":57},[47,117967,9428],{"class":98},[47,117969,2263],{"class":80},[47,117971,136],{"class":98},[47,117973,1545],{"class":80},[47,117975,136],{"class":98},[47,117977,1562],{"class":80},[47,117979,106],{"class":98},[47,117981,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,117983,95],{"class":94},[47,117985,99],{"class":98},[47,117987,74698],{"class":94},[47,117989,99],{"class":98},[47,117991,5553],{"class":102},[47,117993,1796],{"class":98},[47,117995,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,117997,95],{"class":94},[47,117999,99],{"class":98},[47,118001,1922],{"class":1788},[47,118003,99],{"class":98},[47,118005,74698],{"class":94},[47,118007,99],{"class":98},[47,118009,5553],{"class":102},[47,118011,3106],{"class":98},[20,118013,144],{},[38,118015,118017],{"className":40,"code":118016,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118018,118019,118035],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118020,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118022,4092],{"class":98},[47,118024,1476],{"class":80},[47,118026,136],{"class":98},[47,118028,1562],{"class":80},[47,118030,136],{"class":98},[47,118032,249],{"class":80},[47,118034,3828],{"class":98},[47,118036,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118038,3482],{"class":57},[47,118040,3485],{"class":2266},[47,118042,3488],{"class":61},[47,118044,8288],{"class":65},[47,118046,3493],{"class":61},[47,118048,3496],{"class":57},[447,118050,118051],{"id":6480},"Set",[38,118053,118055],{"className":40,"code":118054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118056,118057,118077],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118058,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118060,4015],{"class":53},[47,118062,58],{"class":57},[47,118064,10683],{"class":98},[47,118066,2263],{"class":80},[47,118068,136],{"class":98},[47,118070,1545],{"class":80},[47,118072,136],{"class":98},[47,118074,1562],{"class":80},[47,118076,9500],{"class":98},[47,118078,118079,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118080,95],{"class":94},[47,118082,99],{"class":98},[47,118084,74698],{"class":94},[47,118086,99],{"class":98},[47,118088,5553],{"class":102},[47,118090,1796],{"class":98},[20,118092,144],{},[38,118094,118095],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118096,118097],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118098,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118100,4092],{"class":98},[47,118102,1476],{"class":80},[47,118104,136],{"class":98},[47,118106,1562],{"class":80},[47,118108,136],{"class":98},[47,118110,249],{"class":80},[47,118112,3828],{"class":98},[447,118114,118115],{"id":61359},"String",[38,118117,118119],{"className":40,"code":118118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118120,118121,118133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118122,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118124,34884],{"class":53},[47,118126,58],{"class":57},[47,118128,62],{"class":61},[47,118130,42],{"class":65},[47,118132,69],{"class":61},[47,118134,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118136,95],{"class":94},[47,118138,99],{"class":98},[47,118140,74698],{"class":94},[47,118142,99],{"class":98},[47,118144,192],{"class":102},[47,118146,1796],{"class":98},[20,118148,144],{},[38,118150,118151],{"className":40,"code":79578,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118152,118153],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118154,118155,118157,118159,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118156,4092],{"class":98},[47,118158,3493],{"class":61},[47,118160,60623],{"class":65},[47,118162,3493],{"class":61},[47,118164,136],{"class":98},[47,118166,3488],{"class":61},[47,118168,76214],{"class":65},[47,118170,3493],{"class":61},[47,118172,136],{"class":98},[47,118174,3488],{"class":61},[47,118176,60658],{"class":65},[47,118178,3493],{"class":61},[47,118180,136],{"class":98},[47,118182,3488],{"class":61},[47,118184,20],{"class":65},[47,118186,3493],{"class":61},[47,118188,136],{"class":98},[47,118190,3488],{"class":61},[47,118192,63472],{"class":65},[47,118194,3493],{"class":61},[47,118196,136],{"class":98},[47,118198,3488],{"class":61},[47,118200,11941],{"class":65},[47,118202,3493],{"class":61},[47,118204,3828],{"class":98},[447,118206,29422],{"id":15799},[20,118208,63725,118209,118211],{},[15,118210,74608],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[38,118213,118215],{"className":40,"code":118214,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118216,118217,118269],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118218,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118220,13398],{"class":53},[47,118222,58],{"class":57},[47,118224,10683],{"class":98},[47,118226,128],{"class":61},[47,118228,103],{"class":65},[47,118230,128],{"class":61},[47,118232,420],{"class":98},[47,118234,62],{"class":61},[47,118236,13075],{"class":65},[47,118238,128],{"class":61},[47,118240,136],{"class":98},[47,118242,62],{"class":61},[47,118244,116],{"class":65},[47,118246,128],{"class":61},[47,118248,420],{"class":98},[47,118250,7986],{"class":80},[47,118252,136],{"class":98},[47,118254,62],{"class":61},[47,118256,10601],{"class":65},[47,118258,128],{"class":61},[47,118260,420],{"class":98},[47,118262,62],{"class":61},[47,118264,16226],{"class":65},[47,118266,128],{"class":61},[47,118268,9500],{"class":98},[47,118270,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118272,95],{"class":94},[47,118274,99],{"class":98},[47,118276,74698],{"class":94},[47,118278,99],{"class":98},[47,118280,17503],{"class":102},[47,118282,1796],{"class":98},[20,118284,144],{},[38,118286,118288],{"className":40,"code":118287,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118289,118290],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118291,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118293,4092],{"class":98},[47,118295,3493],{"class":61},[47,118297,116],{"class":65},[47,118299,3493],{"class":61},[47,118301,136],{"class":98},[47,118303,3488],{"class":61},[47,118305,10601],{"class":65},[47,118307,3493],{"class":61},[47,118309,136],{"class":98},[47,118311,3488],{"class":61},[47,118313,103],{"class":65},[47,118315,3493],{"class":61},[47,118317,3828],{"class":98},[33,118319,1654,118321],{"id":118320},"using-reversetrue",[15,118322,78275],{},[20,118324,167,118325,118327],{},[15,118326,78275],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[38,118329,118331],{"className":40,"code":118330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118332,118333,118353,118357,118371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118334,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118336,3810],{"class":53},[47,118338,58],{"class":57},[47,118340,3815],{"class":98},[47,118342,2263],{"class":80},[47,118344,136],{"class":98},[47,118346,1545],{"class":80},[47,118348,136],{"class":98},[47,118350,1562],{"class":80},[47,118352,3828],{"class":98},[47,118354,118355],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118356,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,118358,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,118360,95],{"class":94},[47,118362,99],{"class":98},[47,118364,74698],{"class":94},[47,118366,99],{"class":98},[47,118368,195],{"class":102},[47,118370,1796],{"class":98},[47,118372,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,118374,95],{"class":94},[47,118376,99],{"class":98},[47,118378,74698],{"class":94},[47,118380,99],{"class":98},[47,118382,195],{"class":102},[47,118384,136],{"class":98},[47,118386,78254],{"class":951},[47,118388,58],{"class":57},[47,118390,3795],{"class":1334},[47,118392,1796],{"class":98},[20,118394,144],{},[38,118396,118398],{"className":40,"code":118397,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118399,118400,118416],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118401,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118403,4092],{"class":98},[47,118405,1476],{"class":80},[47,118407,136],{"class":98},[47,118409,1562],{"class":80},[47,118411,136],{"class":98},[47,118413,249],{"class":80},[47,118415,3828],{"class":98},[47,118417,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118419,4092],{"class":98},[47,118421,2263],{"class":80},[47,118423,136],{"class":98},[47,118425,1562],{"class":80},[47,118427,136],{"class":98},[47,118429,1545],{"class":80},[47,118431,3828],{"class":98},[20,118433,118434],{},"This also works with strings:",[38,118436,118438],{"className":40,"code":118437,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118439,118440,118472,118476,118490],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118441,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118443,4263],{"class":53},[47,118445,58],{"class":57},[47,118447,3815],{"class":98},[47,118449,128],{"class":61},[47,118451,4272],{"class":65},[47,118453,128],{"class":61},[47,118455,136],{"class":98},[47,118457,62],{"class":61},[47,118459,4281],{"class":65},[47,118461,128],{"class":61},[47,118463,136],{"class":98},[47,118465,62],{"class":61},[47,118467,4290],{"class":65},[47,118469,128],{"class":61},[47,118471,3828],{"class":98},[47,118473,118474],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118475,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,118477,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,118479,95],{"class":94},[47,118481,99],{"class":98},[47,118483,74698],{"class":94},[47,118485,99],{"class":98},[47,118487,4307],{"class":102},[47,118489,1796],{"class":98},[47,118491,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,118493,95],{"class":94},[47,118495,99],{"class":98},[47,118497,74698],{"class":94},[47,118499,99],{"class":98},[47,118501,4307],{"class":102},[47,118503,136],{"class":98},[47,118505,78254],{"class":951},[47,118507,58],{"class":57},[47,118509,3795],{"class":1334},[47,118511,1796],{"class":98},[20,118513,144],{},[38,118515,118516],{"className":40,"code":74342,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,118517,118518,118546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118521,4092],{"class":98},[47,118523,3493],{"class":61},[47,118525,4272],{"class":65},[47,118527,3493],{"class":61},[47,118529,136],{"class":98},[47,118531,3488],{"class":61},[47,118533,4281],{"class":65},[47,118535,3493],{"class":61},[47,118537,136],{"class":98},[47,118539,3488],{"class":61},[47,118541,4290],{"class":65},[47,118543,3493],{"class":61},[47,118545,3828],{"class":98},[47,118547,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118549,4092],{"class":98},[47,118551,3493],{"class":61},[47,118553,4290],{"class":65},[47,118555,3493],{"class":61},[47,118557,136],{"class":98},[47,118559,3488],{"class":61},[47,118561,4281],{"class":65},[47,118563,3493],{"class":61},[47,118565,136],{"class":98},[47,118567,3488],{"class":61},[47,118569,4272],{"class":65},[47,118571,3493],{"class":61},[47,118573,3828],{"class":98},[33,118575,1654,118577,118580],{"id":118576},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118578,118579],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118582,850,118583,118585],{},[15,118584,118579],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118587,118588],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118590,118591],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[38,118593,118595],{"className":40,"code":118594,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118596,118597,118637,118641,118663],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118598,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118600,4263],{"class":53},[47,118602,58],{"class":57},[47,118604,3815],{"class":98},[47,118606,128],{"class":61},[47,118608,78928],{"class":65},[47,118610,128],{"class":61},[47,118612,136],{"class":98},[47,118614,62],{"class":61},[47,118616,38550],{"class":65},[47,118618,128],{"class":61},[47,118620,136],{"class":98},[47,118622,62],{"class":61},[47,118624,4281],{"class":65},[47,118626,128],{"class":61},[47,118628,136],{"class":98},[47,118630,62],{"class":61},[47,118632,38533],{"class":65},[47,118634,128],{"class":61},[47,118636,3828],{"class":98},[47,118638,118639],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118640,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,118642,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,118644,1290],{"class":53},[47,118646,58],{"class":57},[47,118648,74742],{"class":94},[47,118650,99],{"class":98},[47,118652,4307],{"class":102},[47,118654,136],{"class":98},[47,118656,21777],{"class":951},[47,118658,58],{"class":57},[47,118660,11355],{"class":94},[47,118662,106],{"class":98},[47,118664,118665,118667,118669,118671],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,118666,95],{"class":94},[47,118668,99],{"class":98},[47,118670,1315],{"class":102},[47,118672,106],{"class":98},[20,118674,144],{},[38,118676,118678],{"className":40,"code":118677,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118679,118680],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118681,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118683,4092],{"class":98},[47,118685,3493],{"class":61},[47,118687,38550],{"class":65},[47,118689,3493],{"class":61},[47,118691,136],{"class":98},[47,118693,3488],{"class":61},[47,118695,78928],{"class":65},[47,118697,3493],{"class":61},[47,118699,136],{"class":98},[47,118701,3488],{"class":61},[47,118703,38533],{"class":65},[47,118705,3493],{"class":61},[47,118707,136],{"class":98},[47,118709,3488],{"class":61},[47,118711,4281],{"class":65},[47,118713,3493],{"class":61},[47,118715,3828],{"class":98},[20,118717,20968,118718,118720],{},[15,118719,11355],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118722,118723],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[38,118725,118727],{"className":40,"code":118726,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118728,118729,118762,118766,118792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118730,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747,118749,118751,118753,118755,118758,118760],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118732,4263],{"class":53},[47,118734,58],{"class":57},[47,118736,3815],{"class":98},[47,118738,128],{"class":61},[47,118740,83545],{"class":65},[47,118742,128],{"class":61},[47,118744,136],{"class":98},[47,118746,62],{"class":61},[47,118748,4272],{"class":65},[47,118750,128],{"class":61},[47,118752,136],{"class":98},[47,118754,62],{"class":61},[47,118756,118757],{"class":65},"Cherry",[47,118759,128],{"class":61},[47,118761,3828],{"class":98},[47,118763,118764],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118765,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,118767,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,118769,1290],{"class":53},[47,118771,58],{"class":57},[47,118773,74742],{"class":94},[47,118775,99],{"class":98},[47,118777,4307],{"class":102},[47,118779,136],{"class":98},[47,118781,21777],{"class":951},[47,118783,58],{"class":57},[47,118785,3636],{"class":1788},[47,118787,445],{"class":98},[47,118789,8833],{"class":24948},[47,118791,106],{"class":98},[47,118793,118794,118796,118798,118800],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,118795,95],{"class":94},[47,118797,99],{"class":98},[47,118799,1315],{"class":102},[47,118801,106],{"class":98},[20,118803,144],{},[38,118805,118807],{"className":40,"code":118806,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118808,118809],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118810,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118812,4092],{"class":98},[47,118814,3493],{"class":61},[47,118816,4272],{"class":65},[47,118818,3493],{"class":61},[47,118820,136],{"class":98},[47,118822,3488],{"class":61},[47,118824,83545],{"class":65},[47,118826,3493],{"class":61},[47,118828,136],{"class":98},[47,118830,3488],{"class":61},[47,118832,118757],{"class":65},[47,118834,3493],{"class":61},[47,118836,3828],{"class":98},[20,118838,118839,118840,1817,118842,445],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118841,42550],{},[594,118843,13,118844,2088],{"href":42547},[15,118845,42550],{},[33,118847,118849,10778,118851],{"id":118848},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118850,74608],{},[15,118852,78051],{},[20,118854,118855],{},"The main difference is this:",[187,118857,118858,118863],{},[190,118859,118860,118862],{},[15,118861,74608],{}," returns a new list",[190,118864,118865,74146],{},[15,118866,78051],{},[20,118868,118869],{},"Also:",[187,118871,118872,118877],{},[190,118873,118874,118876],{},[15,118875,74608],{}," works with many iterables",[190,118878,118879,79484],{},[15,118880,78051],{},[20,118882,167,118883,10794],{},[15,118884,74608],{},[187,118886,118887,118890],{},[190,118888,118889],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[190,118891,118892],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118894,118895,118896,445],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[594,118897,13,118898,10778,118900,5978],{"href":79309},[15,118899,74608],{},[15,118901,78051],{},[33,118903,118905],{"id":118904},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118907,118908,118909,445],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118910,74608],{},[447,118912,118914],{"id":118913},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118916,118917,118918,420],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118919,1707],{},[38,118921,118923],{"className":40,"code":118922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118924,118925,118949],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118926,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118928,4015],{"class":53},[47,118930,58],{"class":57},[47,118932,3815],{"class":98},[47,118934,1476],{"class":80},[47,118936,136],{"class":98},[47,118938,62],{"class":61},[47,118940,243],{"class":65},[47,118942,128],{"class":61},[47,118944,136],{"class":98},[47,118946,249],{"class":80},[47,118948,3828],{"class":98},[47,118950,118951,118953,118955,118957,118959,118961],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,118952,95],{"class":94},[47,118954,99],{"class":98},[47,118956,74698],{"class":94},[47,118958,99],{"class":98},[47,118960,5553],{"class":102},[47,118962,1796],{"class":98},[20,118964,118965],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[447,118967,118969,118970,2501],{"id":118968},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118971,15035],{},[20,118973,118974],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118976,204],{},[38,118978,118980],{"className":40,"code":118979,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118981,118982,119002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,118983,118984,118986,118988,118990,118992,118994,118996,118998,119000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,118985,3810],{"class":53},[47,118987,58],{"class":57},[47,118989,3815],{"class":98},[47,118991,582],{"class":80},[47,118993,136],{"class":98},[47,118995,1562],{"class":80},[47,118997,136],{"class":98},[47,118999,7991],{"class":80},[47,119001,3828],{"class":98},[47,119003,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119005,95],{"class":94},[47,119007,99],{"class":98},[47,119009,74698],{"class":94},[47,119011,99],{"class":98},[47,119013,195],{"class":102},[47,119015,136],{"class":98},[47,119017,21777],{"class":951},[47,119019,58],{"class":57},[47,119021,11355],{"class":94},[47,119023,1796],{"class":98},[20,119025,48697,119026,119028],{},[15,119027,42550],{}," does not work on integers.",[447,119030,119032],{"id":119031},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119034,119035],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[38,119037,119039],{"className":40,"code":119038,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119040,119041,119061,119071,119075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119042,119043,119045,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119044,3810],{"class":53},[47,119046,58],{"class":57},[47,119048,3815],{"class":98},[47,119050,2263],{"class":80},[47,119052,136],{"class":98},[47,119054,1545],{"class":80},[47,119056,136],{"class":98},[47,119058,1562],{"class":80},[47,119060,3828],{"class":98},[47,119062,119063,119065,119067,119069],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119064,74698],{"class":94},[47,119066,99],{"class":98},[47,119068,195],{"class":102},[47,119070,106],{"class":98},[47,119072,119073],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,119074,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119076,119077,119079,119081,119083],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,119078,95],{"class":94},[47,119080,99],{"class":98},[47,119082,195],{"class":102},[47,119084,106],{"class":98},[20,119086,144],{},[38,119088,119090],{"className":40,"code":119089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119091,119092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119093,119094,119096,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119095,4092],{"class":98},[47,119097,2263],{"class":80},[47,119099,136],{"class":98},[47,119101,1545],{"class":80},[47,119103,136],{"class":98},[47,119105,1562],{"class":80},[47,119107,3828],{"class":98},[20,119109,119110],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[33,119112,1595],{"id":1594},[187,119114,119115,119119,119122,119127,119131],{},[190,119116,4774,119117,74146],{},[15,119118,74608],{},[190,119120,119121],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[190,119123,4900,119124,119126],{},[15,119125,74608],{}," always returns a list",[190,119128,1654,119129,23301],{},[15,119130,118579],{},[190,119132,29848,119133,119135,119136],{},[15,119134,64497],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119137,74608],{},[20,119139,119140],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[38,119142,119144],{"className":40,"code":119143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119145,119146,119168,119194,119232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119147,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162,119164,119166],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119149,95],{"class":94},[47,119151,99],{"class":98},[47,119153,74698],{"class":94},[47,119155,3178],{"class":98},[47,119157,2263],{"class":80},[47,119159,136],{"class":98},[47,119161,1545],{"class":80},[47,119163,136],{"class":98},[47,119165,1562],{"class":80},[47,119167,3191],{"class":98},[47,119169,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119171,95],{"class":94},[47,119173,99],{"class":98},[47,119175,1922],{"class":1788},[47,119177,99],{"class":98},[47,119179,74698],{"class":94},[47,119181,5705],{"class":98},[47,119183,2263],{"class":80},[47,119185,136],{"class":98},[47,119187,1545],{"class":80},[47,119189,136],{"class":98},[47,119191,1562],{"class":80},[47,119193,93287],{"class":98},[47,119195,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,119197,95],{"class":94},[47,119199,99],{"class":98},[47,119201,74698],{"class":94},[47,119203,3178],{"class":98},[47,119205,3493],{"class":61},[47,119207,83545],{"class":65},[47,119209,3493],{"class":61},[47,119211,136],{"class":98},[47,119213,3488],{"class":61},[47,119215,4272],{"class":65},[47,119217,3493],{"class":61},[47,119219,18258],{"class":98},[47,119221,21777],{"class":951},[47,119223,58],{"class":57},[47,119225,3636],{"class":1788},[47,119227,445],{"class":98},[47,119229,8833],{"class":24948},[47,119231,1796],{"class":98},[47,119233,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258,119260],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,119235,95],{"class":94},[47,119237,99],{"class":98},[47,119239,74698],{"class":94},[47,119241,3178],{"class":98},[47,119243,2263],{"class":80},[47,119245,136],{"class":98},[47,119247,1545],{"class":80},[47,119249,136],{"class":98},[47,119251,1562],{"class":80},[47,119253,18258],{"class":98},[47,119255,78254],{"class":951},[47,119257,58],{"class":57},[47,119259,3795],{"class":1334},[47,119261,1796],{"class":98},[20,119263,119264,119265,445],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[594,119266,52956],{"href":51164},[33,119268,1969],{"id":1968},[447,119270,1973,119272,57348],{"id":119271},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119273,74608],{},[20,119275,119276],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[447,119278,5339,119280,12910],{"id":119279},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119281,74608],{},[20,119283,119284],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[447,119286,119288,119289,11285,119291,2009],{"id":119287},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119290,74608],{},[15,119292,78051],{},[20,119294,167,119295,119297],{},[15,119296,74608],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[447,119299,5339,119301,86630,119303,2009],{"id":119300},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119302,118579],{},[15,119304,74608],{},[20,119306,119307],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[447,119309,2002,119311,119313,119314,2009],{"id":119310},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119312,74608],{}," give a ",[15,119315,1707],{},[20,119317,119318],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[33,119320,2075],{"id":2074},[187,119322,119323,119327,119335,119339,119345,119351],{},[190,119324,119325],{},[594,119326,80057],{"href":78560},[190,119328,119329],{},[594,119330,13,119331,10778,119333,5978],{"href":79309},[15,119332,74608],{},[15,119334,78051],{},[190,119336,119337],{},[594,119338,52956],{"href":51164},[190,119340,119341],{},[594,119342,13,119343,2088],{"href":42547},[15,119344,42550],{},[190,119346,119347],{},[594,119348,13,119349,2088],{"href":91943},[15,119350,35944],{},[190,119352,119353],{},[594,119354,13,119355,2088],{"href":36389},[15,119356,36392],{},[2110,119358,119359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":119361},[119362,119363,119365,119368,119369,119376,119378,119380,119382,119388,119389,119401],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":117642,"depth":72,"text":119364},"What sorted() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":119366},[119367],{"id":17590,"depth":84,"text":17591},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":117881,"depth":72,"text":117882,"children":119370},[119371,119372,119373,119374,119375],{"id":8288,"depth":84,"text":117890},{"id":49139,"depth":84,"text":117954},{"id":6480,"depth":84,"text":118051},{"id":61359,"depth":84,"text":118115},{"id":15799,"depth":84,"text":29422},{"id":118320,"depth":72,"text":119377},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118576,"depth":72,"text":119379},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118848,"depth":72,"text":119381},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118904,"depth":72,"text":118905,"children":119383},[119384,119385,119387],{"id":118913,"depth":84,"text":118914},{"id":118968,"depth":84,"text":119386},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119031,"depth":84,"text":119032},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":119390},[119391,119393,119395,119397,119399],{"id":119271,"depth":84,"text":119392},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119279,"depth":84,"text":119394},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119287,"depth":84,"text":119396},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119300,"depth":84,"text":119398},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119310,"depth":84,"text":119400},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117544,"description":119402},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119409,"title":119410,"body":119411,"description":121522,"extension":2167,"meta":121523,"navigation":87,"path":79309,"seo":121524,"stem":121525,"__hash__":121526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119412,"toc":121469},[119413,119420,119423,119433,119439,119442,119460,119468,119470,119529,119537,119541,119563,119567,119571,119573,119590,119592,119604,119610,119694,119698,119745,119751,119758,119762,119767,119769,119781,119786,119839,119843,119863,119870,119877,119881,119884,119903,119907,120021,120025,120095,120097,120109,120114,120118,120131,120135,120210,120214,120253,120260,120266,120271,120275,120289,120293,120358,120362,120395,120398,120403,120411,120418,120431,120434,120438,120521,120525,120562,120566,120669,120673,120734,120739,120746,120750,120753,120759,120762,120829,120833,120857,120859,120877,120884,120937,120941,120961,120967,120969,121026,121033,121059,121064,121069,121077,121083,121143,121147,121194,121197,121199,121202,121228,121231,121324,121326,121346,121350,121353,121371,121377,121379,121387,121392,121399,121402,121408,121411,121417,121425,121433,121438,121440,121466],[10,119414,13,119416,10778,119418,93001],{"id":119415},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119417,74608],{},[15,119419,78051],{},[20,119421,119422],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[187,119424,119425,119429],{},[190,119426,119427],{},[15,119428,74608],{},[190,119430,119431],{},[15,119432,78051],{},[20,119434,119435,119436,119438],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[280,119437,4826],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119440,119441],{},"The main difference is simple:",[187,119443,119444,119452],{},[190,119445,167,119446,119448,119449],{},[15,119447,74608],{}," when you want a ",[280,119450,119451],{},"new sorted result",[190,119453,167,119454,119456,119457],{},[15,119455,78051],{}," when you want to ",[280,119458,119459],{},"change the original list",[20,119461,119462,119463,1270,119465,119467],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119464,78051],{},[15,119466,285],{}," and causes confusion.",[33,119469,3800],{"id":3799},[38,119471,119473],{"className":40,"code":119472,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119474,119475,119495,119499,119516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119476,119477,119479,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119478,3810],{"class":53},[47,119480,58],{"class":57},[47,119482,3815],{"class":98},[47,119484,2263],{"class":80},[47,119486,136],{"class":98},[47,119488,1545],{"class":80},[47,119490,136],{"class":98},[47,119492,1562],{"class":80},[47,119494,3828],{"class":98},[47,119496,119497],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119498,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119500,119501,119503,119505,119507,119509,119511,119513],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,119502,56074],{"class":53},[47,119504,58],{"class":57},[47,119506,74742],{"class":94},[47,119508,99],{"class":98},[47,119510,195],{"class":102},[47,119512,3854],{"class":98},[47,119514,119515],{"class":3857},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[47,119517,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,119519,195],{"class":53},[47,119521,445],{"class":98},[47,119523,34995],{"class":102},[47,119525,7561],{"class":98},[47,119527,119528],{"class":3857},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119530,167,119531,119533,119534,119536],{},[15,119532,74608],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119535,78051],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[33,119538,119540],{"id":119539},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[187,119542,119543,119548,119553,119560],{},[190,119544,167,119545,119547],{},[15,119546,74608],{}," to get a new sorted list",[190,119549,167,119550,119552],{},[15,119551,78051],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[190,119554,119555,119556,1270,119558],{},"Understand why ",[15,119557,78051],{},[15,119559,285],{},[190,119561,119562],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[33,119564,174,119565,177],{"id":117642},[15,119566,74608],{},[20,119568,119569,63111],{},[15,119570,74608],{},[20,119572,49113],{},[187,119574,119575,119581,119587],{},[190,119576,119577,119578],{},"returns a ",[280,119579,119580],{},"new list",[190,119582,119583,119584,119586],{},"does ",[280,119585,4826],{}," change the original data",[190,119588,119589],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119591,51318],{},[187,119593,119594,119596,119598,119600,119602],{},[190,119595,5494],{},[190,119597,5497],{},[190,119599,5503],{},[190,119601,5500],{},[190,119603,36104],{},[447,119605,35273,119607,119609],{"id":119606},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119608,74608],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[38,119611,119613],{"className":40,"code":119612,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119614,119615,119635,119639,119653,119657,119675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119616,119617,119619,119621,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631,119633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119618,3810],{"class":53},[47,119620,58],{"class":57},[47,119622,3815],{"class":98},[47,119624,2263],{"class":80},[47,119626,136],{"class":98},[47,119628,1545],{"class":80},[47,119630,136],{"class":98},[47,119632,1562],{"class":80},[47,119634,3828],{"class":98},[47,119636,119637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119638,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119640,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,119642,1290],{"class":53},[47,119644,58],{"class":57},[47,119646,74742],{"class":94},[47,119648,99],{"class":98},[47,119650,195],{"class":102},[47,119652,106],{"class":98},[47,119654,119655],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,119656,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119658,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671,119673],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,119660,95],{"class":94},[47,119662,99],{"class":98},[47,119664,128],{"class":61},[47,119666,12348],{"class":65},[47,119668,128],{"class":61},[47,119670,136],{"class":98},[47,119672,4457],{"class":102},[47,119674,106],{"class":98},[47,119676,119677,119679,119681,119683,119686,119688,119690,119692],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,119678,95],{"class":94},[47,119680,99],{"class":98},[47,119682,128],{"class":61},[47,119684,119685],{"class":65},"sorted result:",[47,119687,128],{"class":61},[47,119689,136],{"class":98},[47,119691,81400],{"class":102},[47,119693,106],{"class":98},[20,119695,119696],{},[280,119697,144],{},[38,119699,119701],{"className":40,"code":119700,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119702,119703,119723],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119704,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717,119719,119721],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119706,12327],{"class":53},[47,119708,420],{"class":98},[47,119710,3815],{"class":98},[47,119712,2263],{"class":80},[47,119714,136],{"class":98},[47,119716,1545],{"class":80},[47,119718,136],{"class":98},[47,119720,1562],{"class":80},[47,119722,3828],{"class":98},[47,119724,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119726,74698],{"class":94},[47,119728,81400],{"class":53},[47,119730,420],{"class":98},[47,119732,3815],{"class":98},[47,119734,1476],{"class":80},[47,119736,136],{"class":98},[47,119738,1562],{"class":80},[47,119740,136],{"class":98},[47,119742,249],{"class":80},[47,119744,3828],{"class":98},[20,119746,119747,119748,119750],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119749,195],{}," stays the same.",[20,119752,119753,119754,445],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[594,119755,13,119756,2088],{"href":74705},[15,119757,74608],{},[33,119759,174,119760,177],{"id":78117},[15,119761,78051],{},[20,119763,119764,119766],{},[15,119765,64497],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119768,49113],{},[187,119770,119771,119774,119777],{},[190,119772,119773],{},"changes the original list directly",[190,119775,119776],{},"only works on lists",[190,119778,282,119779],{},[15,119780,285],{},[447,119782,35273,119784,74146],{"id":119783},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119785,78051],{},[38,119787,119789],{"className":40,"code":119788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119790,119791,119811,119815,119825,119829],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119792,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119794,3810],{"class":53},[47,119796,58],{"class":57},[47,119798,3815],{"class":98},[47,119800,2263],{"class":80},[47,119802,136],{"class":98},[47,119804,1545],{"class":80},[47,119806,136],{"class":98},[47,119808,1562],{"class":80},[47,119810,3828],{"class":98},[47,119812,119813],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119814,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119816,119817,119819,119821,119823],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,119818,195],{"class":53},[47,119820,445],{"class":98},[47,119822,34995],{"class":102},[47,119824,8836],{"class":98},[47,119826,119827],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,119828,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119830,119831,119833,119835,119837],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,119832,95],{"class":94},[47,119834,99],{"class":98},[47,119836,195],{"class":102},[47,119838,106],{"class":98},[20,119840,119841],{},[280,119842,144],{},[38,119844,119845],{"className":40,"code":55334,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,119846,119847],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119848,119849,119851,119853,119855,119857,119859,119861],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119850,4092],{"class":98},[47,119852,1476],{"class":80},[47,119854,136],{"class":98},[47,119856,1562],{"class":80},[47,119858,136],{"class":98},[47,119860,249],{"class":80},[47,119862,3828],{"class":98},[20,119864,119865,119866,119869],{},"After calling ",[15,119867,119868],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119871,119872,119873,445],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[594,119874,13,119875,10934],{"href":74959},[15,119876,78051],{},[33,119878,119880],{"id":119879},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119882,119883],{},"Here is the core difference:",[187,119885,119886,119895],{},[190,119887,119888,119891,119892],{},[15,119889,119890],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[280,119893,119894],{},"new sorted list",[190,119896,119897,119900,119901,74516],{},[15,119898,119899],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119902,8533],{},[447,119904,119906],{"id":119905},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[38,119908,119910],{"className":40,"code":119909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119911,119912,119932,119936,119950,119969,119988,119992,120002],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,119913,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,119915,3810],{"class":53},[47,119917,58],{"class":57},[47,119919,3815],{"class":98},[47,119921,232],{"class":80},[47,119923,136],{"class":98},[47,119925,1562],{"class":80},[47,119927,136],{"class":98},[47,119929,393],{"class":80},[47,119931,3828],{"class":98},[47,119933,119934],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,119935,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119937,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,119939,2750],{"class":53},[47,119941,58],{"class":57},[47,119943,74742],{"class":94},[47,119945,99],{"class":98},[47,119947,195],{"class":102},[47,119949,106],{"class":98},[47,119951,119952,119954,119956,119958,119961,119963,119965,119967],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,119953,95],{"class":94},[47,119955,99],{"class":98},[47,119957,128],{"class":61},[47,119959,119960],{"class":65},"numbers after sorted():",[47,119962,128],{"class":61},[47,119964,136],{"class":98},[47,119966,4457],{"class":102},[47,119968,106],{"class":98},[47,119970,119971,119973,119975,119977,119980,119982,119984,119986],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,119972,95],{"class":94},[47,119974,99],{"class":98},[47,119976,128],{"class":61},[47,119978,119979],{"class":65},"a:",[47,119981,128],{"class":61},[47,119983,136],{"class":98},[47,119985,57072],{"class":102},[47,119987,106],{"class":98},[47,119989,119990],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,119991,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,119993,119994,119996,119998,120000],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,119995,195],{"class":53},[47,119997,445],{"class":98},[47,119999,34995],{"class":102},[47,120001,8836],{"class":98},[47,120003,120004,120006,120008,120010,120013,120015,120017,120019],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,120005,95],{"class":94},[47,120007,99],{"class":98},[47,120009,128],{"class":61},[47,120011,120012],{"class":65},"numbers after sort():",[47,120014,128],{"class":61},[47,120016,136],{"class":98},[47,120018,4457],{"class":102},[47,120020,106],{"class":98},[20,120022,120023],{},[280,120024,144],{},[38,120026,120028],{"className":40,"code":120027,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120029,120030,120053,120073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120031,120032,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120033,120034],{"class":53},"numbers after ",[47,120036,74698],{"class":94},[47,120038,29783],{"class":98},[47,120040,3815],{"class":98},[47,120042,232],{"class":80},[47,120044,136],{"class":98},[47,120046,1562],{"class":80},[47,120048,136],{"class":98},[47,120050,393],{"class":80},[47,120052,3828],{"class":98},[47,120054,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069,120071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120056,594],{"class":53},[47,120058,420],{"class":98},[47,120060,3815],{"class":98},[47,120062,243],{"class":80},[47,120064,136],{"class":98},[47,120066,393],{"class":80},[47,120068,136],{"class":98},[47,120070,4800],{"class":80},[47,120072,3828],{"class":98},[47,120074,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091,120093],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,120076,120034],{"class":53},[47,120078,34995],{"class":102},[47,120080,29783],{"class":98},[47,120082,3815],{"class":98},[47,120084,243],{"class":80},[47,120086,136],{"class":98},[47,120088,393],{"class":80},[47,120090,136],{"class":98},[47,120092,4800],{"class":80},[47,120094,3828],{"class":98},[20,120096,10906],{},[187,120098,120099,120104],{},[190,120100,120101,120103],{},[15,120102,74608],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[190,120105,120106,120108],{},[15,120107,64497],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120110,5158,120112],{"id":120111},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120113,74608],{},[20,120115,167,120116,10794],{},[15,120117,74608],{},[187,120119,120120,120123,120125,120128],{},[190,120121,120122],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[190,120124,118892],{},[190,120126,120127],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[190,120129,120130],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[447,120132,120134],{"id":120133},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[38,120136,120138],{"className":40,"code":120137,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120139,120140,120164,120168,120182,120186,120196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120141,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120143,3810],{"class":53},[47,120145,58],{"class":57},[47,120147,9428],{"class":98},[47,120149,2700],{"class":80},[47,120151,136],{"class":98},[47,120153,1545],{"class":80},[47,120155,136],{"class":98},[47,120157,249],{"class":80},[47,120159,136],{"class":98},[47,120161,1562],{"class":80},[47,120163,106],{"class":98},[47,120165,120166],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120167,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120169,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,120171,1290],{"class":53},[47,120173,58],{"class":57},[47,120175,74742],{"class":94},[47,120177,99],{"class":98},[47,120179,195],{"class":102},[47,120181,106],{"class":98},[47,120183,120184],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,120185,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120187,120188,120190,120192,120194],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120189,95],{"class":94},[47,120191,99],{"class":98},[47,120193,1315],{"class":102},[47,120195,106],{"class":98},[47,120197,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,120199,95],{"class":94},[47,120201,99],{"class":98},[47,120203,1922],{"class":1788},[47,120205,99],{"class":98},[47,120207,1315],{"class":102},[47,120209,1796],{"class":98},[20,120211,120212],{},[280,120213,144],{},[38,120215,120217],{"className":40,"code":120216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120218,120219,120239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120220,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120222,4092],{"class":98},[47,120224,1476],{"class":80},[47,120226,136],{"class":98},[47,120228,1562],{"class":80},[47,120230,136],{"class":98},[47,120232,249],{"class":80},[47,120234,136],{"class":98},[47,120236,393],{"class":80},[47,120238,3828],{"class":98},[47,120240,120241,120243,120245,120247,120249,120251],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120242,3482],{"class":57},[47,120244,3485],{"class":2266},[47,120246,3488],{"class":61},[47,120248,8288],{"class":65},[47,120250,3493],{"class":61},[47,120252,3496],{"class":57},[20,120254,2484,120255,120257,120258,445],{},[15,120256,74608],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[280,120259,8288],{},[20,120261,120262,120263,120265],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[594,120264,52956],{"href":51164}," is a helpful next step.",[33,120267,5158,120269],{"id":120268},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120270,78051],{},[20,120272,167,120273,10794],{},[15,120274,78051],{},[187,120276,120277,120280,120283,120286],{},[190,120278,120279],{},"you already have a list",[190,120281,120282],{},"you want to update that list directly",[190,120284,120285],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[190,120287,120288],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[447,120290,120292],{"id":120291},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[38,120294,120296],{"className":40,"code":120295,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120297,120298,120330,120334,120344,120348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120299,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120301,5192],{"class":53},[47,120303,58],{"class":57},[47,120305,3815],{"class":98},[47,120307,128],{"class":61},[47,120309,5219],{"class":65},[47,120311,128],{"class":61},[47,120313,136],{"class":98},[47,120315,62],{"class":61},[47,120317,5201],{"class":65},[47,120319,128],{"class":61},[47,120321,136],{"class":98},[47,120323,62],{"class":61},[47,120325,5210],{"class":65},[47,120327,128],{"class":61},[47,120329,3828],{"class":98},[47,120331,120332],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120333,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120335,120336,120338,120340,120342],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,120337,5236],{"class":53},[47,120339,445],{"class":98},[47,120341,34995],{"class":102},[47,120343,8836],{"class":98},[47,120345,120346],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,120347,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120349,120350,120352,120354,120356],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120351,95],{"class":94},[47,120353,99],{"class":98},[47,120355,5236],{"class":102},[47,120357,106],{"class":98},[20,120359,120360],{},[280,120361,144],{},[38,120363,120365],{"className":40,"code":120364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120366,120367],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120368,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120370,4092],{"class":98},[47,120372,3493],{"class":61},[47,120374,5201],{"class":65},[47,120376,3493],{"class":61},[47,120378,136],{"class":98},[47,120380,3488],{"class":61},[47,120382,5210],{"class":65},[47,120384,3493],{"class":61},[47,120386,136],{"class":98},[47,120388,3488],{"class":61},[47,120390,5219],{"class":65},[47,120392,3493],{"class":61},[47,120394,3828],{"class":98},[20,120396,120397],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120399,120400,120401,445],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[594,120402,80057],{"href":78560},[33,120404,120406,839,120408,120410],{"id":120405},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120407,73761],{},[15,120409,15035],{}," work with both",[20,120412,10783,120413,839,120415,120417],{},[15,120414,74608],{},[15,120416,78051],{}," support:",[187,120419,120420,120425],{},[190,120421,120422,120424],{},[15,120423,78275],{}," for descending order",[190,120426,120427,120430],{},[15,120428,120429],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120432,120433],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[447,120435,120437],{"id":120436},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[38,120439,120441],{"className":40,"code":120440,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120442,120443,120463,120467,120489,120493,120511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120444,120445,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459,120461],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120446,3810],{"class":53},[47,120448,58],{"class":57},[47,120450,3815],{"class":98},[47,120452,2263],{"class":80},[47,120454,136],{"class":98},[47,120456,1545],{"class":80},[47,120458,136],{"class":98},[47,120460,1562],{"class":80},[47,120462,3828],{"class":98},[47,120464,120465],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120466,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120468,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477,120479,120481,120483,120485,120487],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,120470,95],{"class":94},[47,120472,99],{"class":98},[47,120474,74698],{"class":94},[47,120476,99],{"class":98},[47,120478,195],{"class":102},[47,120480,136],{"class":98},[47,120482,78254],{"class":951},[47,120484,58],{"class":57},[47,120486,3795],{"class":1334},[47,120488,1796],{"class":98},[47,120490,120491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,120492,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120494,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120496,195],{"class":53},[47,120498,445],{"class":98},[47,120500,34995],{"class":102},[47,120502,99],{"class":98},[47,120504,73761],{"class":951},[47,120506,58],{"class":57},[47,120508,3795],{"class":1334},[47,120510,106],{"class":98},[47,120512,120513,120515,120517,120519],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,120514,95],{"class":94},[47,120516,99],{"class":98},[47,120518,195],{"class":102},[47,120520,106],{"class":98},[20,120522,120523],{},[280,120524,144],{},[38,120526,120528],{"className":40,"code":120527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120529,120530,120546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120531,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120533,4092],{"class":98},[47,120535,2263],{"class":80},[47,120537,136],{"class":98},[47,120539,1562],{"class":80},[47,120541,136],{"class":98},[47,120543,1545],{"class":80},[47,120545,3828],{"class":98},[47,120547,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120549,4092],{"class":98},[47,120551,2263],{"class":80},[47,120553,136],{"class":98},[47,120555,1562],{"class":80},[47,120557,136],{"class":98},[47,120559,1545],{"class":80},[47,120561,3828],{"class":98},[447,120563,120565],{"id":120564},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[38,120567,120569],{"className":40,"code":120568,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120570,120571,120603,120607,120633,120637,120659],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120572,120573,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120574,4263],{"class":53},[47,120576,58],{"class":57},[47,120578,3815],{"class":98},[47,120580,128],{"class":61},[47,120582,83545],{"class":65},[47,120584,128],{"class":61},[47,120586,136],{"class":98},[47,120588,62],{"class":61},[47,120590,4272],{"class":65},[47,120592,128],{"class":61},[47,120594,136],{"class":98},[47,120596,62],{"class":61},[47,120598,118757],{"class":65},[47,120600,128],{"class":61},[47,120602,3828],{"class":98},[47,120604,120605],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120606,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120608,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,120610,95],{"class":94},[47,120612,99],{"class":98},[47,120614,74698],{"class":94},[47,120616,99],{"class":98},[47,120618,4307],{"class":102},[47,120620,136],{"class":98},[47,120622,21777],{"class":951},[47,120624,58],{"class":57},[47,120626,3636],{"class":1788},[47,120628,445],{"class":98},[47,120630,8833],{"class":24948},[47,120632,1796],{"class":98},[47,120634,120635],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,120636,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120638,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120640,4307],{"class":53},[47,120642,445],{"class":98},[47,120644,34995],{"class":102},[47,120646,99],{"class":98},[47,120648,15035],{"class":951},[47,120650,58],{"class":57},[47,120652,3636],{"class":1788},[47,120654,445],{"class":98},[47,120656,8833],{"class":24948},[47,120658,106],{"class":98},[47,120660,120661,120663,120665,120667],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,120662,95],{"class":94},[47,120664,99],{"class":98},[47,120666,4307],{"class":102},[47,120668,106],{"class":98},[20,120670,120671],{},[280,120672,144],{},[38,120674,120676],{"className":40,"code":120675,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120677,120678,120706],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120679,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120681,4092],{"class":98},[47,120683,3493],{"class":61},[47,120685,4272],{"class":65},[47,120687,3493],{"class":61},[47,120689,136],{"class":98},[47,120691,3488],{"class":61},[47,120693,83545],{"class":65},[47,120695,3493],{"class":61},[47,120697,136],{"class":98},[47,120699,3488],{"class":61},[47,120701,118757],{"class":65},[47,120703,3493],{"class":61},[47,120705,3828],{"class":98},[47,120707,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120709,4092],{"class":98},[47,120711,3493],{"class":61},[47,120713,4272],{"class":65},[47,120715,3493],{"class":61},[47,120717,136],{"class":98},[47,120719,3488],{"class":61},[47,120721,83545],{"class":65},[47,120723,3493],{"class":61},[47,120725,136],{"class":98},[47,120727,3488],{"class":61},[47,120729,118757],{"class":65},[47,120731,3493],{"class":61},[47,120733,3828],{"class":98},[20,120735,1654,120736,120738],{},[15,120737,78769],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120740,120741,120742,445],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[594,120743,120745],{"href":120744},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[33,120747,120749],{"id":120748},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120751,120752],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[447,120754,120756,120757,12792],{"id":120755},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120758,78051],{},[20,120760,120761],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[38,120763,120765],{"className":40,"code":120764,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120766,120767,120787,120791,120805,120809,120819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120768,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120770,3810],{"class":53},[47,120772,58],{"class":57},[47,120774,3815],{"class":98},[47,120776,2263],{"class":80},[47,120778,136],{"class":98},[47,120780,1545],{"class":80},[47,120782,136],{"class":98},[47,120784,1562],{"class":80},[47,120786,3828],{"class":98},[47,120788,120789],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120790,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120792,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,120794,1290],{"class":53},[47,120796,58],{"class":57},[47,120798,4457],{"class":53},[47,120800,445],{"class":98},[47,120802,34995],{"class":102},[47,120804,8836],{"class":98},[47,120806,120807],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,120808,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120810,120811,120813,120815,120817],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120812,95],{"class":94},[47,120814,99],{"class":98},[47,120816,1315],{"class":102},[47,120818,106],{"class":98},[47,120820,120821,120823,120825,120827],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,120822,95],{"class":94},[47,120824,99],{"class":98},[47,120826,195],{"class":102},[47,120828,106],{"class":98},[20,120830,120831],{},[280,120832,144],{},[38,120834,120835],{"className":40,"code":79392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120836,120837,120841],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120838,120839],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120840,1335],{"class":1334},[47,120842,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120844,4092],{"class":98},[47,120846,1476],{"class":80},[47,120848,136],{"class":98},[47,120850,1562],{"class":80},[47,120852,136],{"class":98},[47,120854,249],{"class":80},[47,120856,3828],{"class":98},[20,120858,12095],{},[187,120860,120861,120866,120871],{},[190,120862,120863,120865],{},[15,120864,119868],{}," sorts the list in place",[190,120867,35210,120868,120870],{},[280,120869,4826],{}," return the sorted list",[190,120872,1356,120873,42345,120875],{},[15,120874,1315],{},[15,120876,285],{},[447,120878,120880,120881,120883],{"id":120879},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120882,74608],{}," to change the original list",[38,120885,120887],{"className":40,"code":120886,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120888,120889,120909,120913,120923,120927],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120890,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899,120901,120903,120905,120907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120892,3810],{"class":53},[47,120894,58],{"class":57},[47,120896,3815],{"class":98},[47,120898,2263],{"class":80},[47,120900,136],{"class":98},[47,120902,1545],{"class":80},[47,120904,136],{"class":98},[47,120906,1562],{"class":80},[47,120908,3828],{"class":98},[47,120910,120911],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120912,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120914,120915,120917,120919,120921],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,120916,74698],{"class":94},[47,120918,99],{"class":98},[47,120920,195],{"class":102},[47,120922,106],{"class":98},[47,120924,120925],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,120926,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120928,120929,120931,120933,120935],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,120930,95],{"class":94},[47,120932,99],{"class":98},[47,120934,195],{"class":102},[47,120936,106],{"class":98},[20,120938,120939],{},[280,120940,144],{},[38,120942,120943],{"className":40,"code":119089,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,120944,120945],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120946,120947,120949,120951,120953,120955,120957,120959],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120948,4092],{"class":98},[47,120950,2263],{"class":80},[47,120952,136],{"class":98},[47,120954,1545],{"class":80},[47,120956,136],{"class":98},[47,120958,1562],{"class":80},[47,120960,3828],{"class":98},[20,120962,120963,120966],{},[15,120964,120965],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120968,1631],{},[38,120970,120972],{"className":40,"code":120971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120973,120974,120994,120998,121012,121016],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,120975,120976,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,120977,3810],{"class":53},[47,120979,58],{"class":57},[47,120981,3815],{"class":98},[47,120983,2263],{"class":80},[47,120985,136],{"class":98},[47,120987,1545],{"class":80},[47,120989,136],{"class":98},[47,120991,1562],{"class":80},[47,120993,3828],{"class":98},[47,120995,120996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,120997,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,120999,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,121001,55826],{"class":53},[47,121003,58],{"class":57},[47,121005,74742],{"class":94},[47,121007,99],{"class":98},[47,121009,195],{"class":102},[47,121011,106],{"class":98},[47,121013,121014],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,121015,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,121017,121018,121020,121022,121024],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121019,95],{"class":94},[47,121021,99],{"class":98},[47,121023,55845],{"class":102},[47,121025,106],{"class":98},[447,121027,121029,121030,121032],{"id":121028},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121031,64497],{}," on a tuple or string",[38,121034,121035],{"className":40,"code":79494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,121036,121037,121049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121038,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121040,34884],{"class":53},[47,121042,58],{"class":57},[47,121044,62],{"class":61},[47,121046,42],{"class":65},[47,121048,69],{"class":61},[47,121050,121051,121053,121055,121057],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121052,192],{"class":53},[47,121054,445],{"class":98},[47,121056,34995],{"class":102},[47,121058,8836],{"class":98},[20,121060,121061,121062,33798],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121063,64497],{},[20,121065,121066,121068],{},[15,121067,64497],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121070,121071,121072,121074,121075,445],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121073,74608],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[594,121076,5333],{"href":5781},[447,121078,121080,121081,119126],{"id":121079},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121082,74608],{},[38,121084,121086],{"className":40,"code":121085,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121087,121088,121101,121115,121119,121129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121089,121090,121092,121094,121096,121099],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121091,34884],{"class":53},[47,121093,58],{"class":57},[47,121095,62],{"class":61},[47,121097,121098],{"class":65},"cab",[47,121100,69],{"class":61},[47,121102,121103,121105,121107,121109,121111,121113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121104,1290],{"class":53},[47,121106,58],{"class":57},[47,121108,74742],{"class":94},[47,121110,99],{"class":98},[47,121112,192],{"class":102},[47,121114,106],{"class":98},[47,121116,121117],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,121118,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,121120,121121,121123,121125,121127],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,121122,95],{"class":94},[47,121124,99],{"class":98},[47,121126,1315],{"class":102},[47,121128,106],{"class":98},[47,121130,121131,121133,121135,121137,121139,121141],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121132,95],{"class":94},[47,121134,99],{"class":98},[47,121136,1922],{"class":1788},[47,121138,99],{"class":98},[47,121140,1315],{"class":102},[47,121142,1796],{"class":98},[20,121144,121145],{},[280,121146,144],{},[38,121148,121150],{"className":40,"code":121149,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121151,121152,121180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121153,121154,121156,121158,121160,121162,121164,121166,121168,121170,121172,121174,121176,121178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121155,4092],{"class":98},[47,121157,3493],{"class":61},[47,121159,594],{"class":65},[47,121161,3493],{"class":61},[47,121163,136],{"class":98},[47,121165,3488],{"class":61},[47,121167,4957],{"class":65},[47,121169,3493],{"class":61},[47,121171,136],{"class":98},[47,121173,3488],{"class":61},[47,121175,9931],{"class":65},[47,121177,3493],{"class":61},[47,121179,3828],{"class":98},[47,121181,121182,121184,121186,121188,121190,121192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121183,3482],{"class":57},[47,121185,3485],{"class":2266},[47,121187,3488],{"class":61},[47,121189,8288],{"class":65},[47,121191,3493],{"class":61},[47,121193,3496],{"class":57},[20,121195,121196],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[33,121198,113647],{"id":113646},[20,121200,121201],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[187,121203,121204,121207,121212,121217,121223],{},[190,121205,121206],{},"confusing a function with a method",[190,121208,121209,121210,53829],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121211,64497],{},[190,121213,121214,121215,12792],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121216,78051],{},[190,121218,121219,121220,121222],{},"trying to use ",[15,121221,64497],{}," on non-list data types",[190,121224,50692,121225,121227],{},[15,121226,74608],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121229,121230],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[38,121232,121234],{"className":40,"code":121233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121235,121236,121246,121260,121285,121300,121310],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121237,121238,121240,121242,121244],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121239,95],{"class":94},[47,121241,99],{"class":98},[47,121243,8533],{"class":102},[47,121245,106],{"class":98},[47,121247,121248,121250,121252,121254,121256,121258],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121249,95],{"class":94},[47,121251,99],{"class":98},[47,121253,74698],{"class":94},[47,121255,99],{"class":98},[47,121257,8533],{"class":102},[47,121259,1796],{"class":98},[47,121261,121262,121264,121266,121268,121270,121272,121274,121277,121279,121281,121283],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,121263,1290],{"class":53},[47,121265,58],{"class":57},[47,121267,8589],{"class":53},[47,121269,445],{"class":98},[47,121271,34995],{"class":102},[47,121273,7561],{"class":98},[47,121275,121276],{"class":53},"; ",[47,121278,95],{"class":94},[47,121280,99],{"class":98},[47,121282,1315],{"class":102},[47,121284,106],{"class":98},[47,121286,121287,121289,121291,121293,121295,121298],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,121288,95],{"class":94},[47,121290,99],{"class":98},[47,121292,1922],{"class":1788},[47,121294,99],{"class":98},[47,121296,121297],{"class":102},"my_data",[47,121299,1796],{"class":98},[47,121301,121302,121304,121306,121308],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121303,1934],{"class":94},[47,121305,99],{"class":98},[47,121307,74698],{"class":94},[47,121309,106],{"class":98},[47,121311,121312,121314,121316,121318,121320,121322],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,121313,1934],{"class":94},[47,121315,99],{"class":98},[47,121317,8288],{"class":1788},[47,121319,445],{"class":98},[47,121321,34995],{"class":24948},[47,121323,106],{"class":98},[20,121325,84555],{},[187,121327,121328,121331,121335,121343],{},[190,121329,121330],{},"whether your original list changed",[190,121332,26218,121333,11901],{},[15,121334,74608],{},[190,121336,121337,121338,121340,121341],{},"whether ",[15,121339,64497],{}," returned ",[15,121342,285],{},[190,121344,121345],{},"what type of object you are working with",[33,121347,121349],{"id":121348},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121351,121352],{},"Use this rule:",[187,121354,121355,121363],{},[190,121356,121357,121358,121360,121361],{},"Need a ",[280,121359,119451],{},": use ",[15,121362,74608],{},[190,121364,121365,121366,121360,121369],{},"Need to ",[280,121367,121368],{},"change one list directly",[15,121370,78051],{},[20,121372,121373,121374,121376],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121375,74608],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[33,121378,1969],{"id":1968},[447,121380,121382,121383,3072,121385,2009],{"id":121381},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121384,74608],{},[15,121386,78051],{},[20,121388,121389,121391],{},[15,121390,74608],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[447,121393,2002,121395,2006,121397,2009],{"id":121394},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121396,78051],{},[15,121398,285],{},[20,121400,121401],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[447,121403,1989,121405,121407],{"id":121404},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121406,74608],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121409,121410],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[447,121412,28528,121414,121416],{"id":121413},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121415,64497],{}," on a string?",[20,121418,46553,121419,121421,121422,2051],{},[15,121420,64497],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121423,121424],{},"sorted(string)",[447,121426,12014,121428,839,121430,121432],{"id":121427},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121429,74608],{},[15,121431,64497],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121434,121435,121436,445],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121437,78275],{},[33,121439,2075],{"id":2074},[187,121441,121442,121448,121454,121458,121462],{},[190,121443,121444],{},[594,121445,13,121446,2088],{"href":74705},[15,121447,74608],{},[190,121449,121450],{},[594,121451,13,121452,10934],{"href":74959},[15,121453,78051],{},[190,121455,121456],{},[594,121457,80057],{"href":78560},[190,121459,121460],{},[594,121461,120745],{"href":120744},[190,121463,121464],{},[594,121465,52956],{"href":51164},[2110,121467,121468],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":121470},[121471,121472,121473,121477,121481,121484,121488,121492,121497,121507,121508,121509,121521],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":119539,"depth":72,"text":119540},{"id":117642,"depth":72,"text":119364,"children":121474},[121475],{"id":119606,"depth":84,"text":121476},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78117,"depth":72,"text":80079,"children":121478},[121479],{"id":119783,"depth":84,"text":121480},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119879,"depth":72,"text":119880,"children":121482},[121483],{"id":119905,"depth":84,"text":119906},{"id":120111,"depth":72,"text":121485,"children":121486},"When to use sorted()",[121487],{"id":120133,"depth":84,"text":120134},{"id":120268,"depth":72,"text":121489,"children":121490},"When to use list.sort()",[121491],{"id":120291,"depth":84,"text":120292},{"id":120405,"depth":72,"text":121493,"children":121494},"reverse and key work with both",[121495,121496],{"id":120436,"depth":84,"text":120437},{"id":120564,"depth":84,"text":120565},{"id":120748,"depth":72,"text":120749,"children":121498},[121499,121501,121503,121505],{"id":120755,"depth":84,"text":121500},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120879,"depth":84,"text":121502},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121028,"depth":84,"text":121504},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121079,"depth":84,"text":121506},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113646,"depth":72,"text":113647},{"id":121348,"depth":72,"text":121349},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":121510},[121511,121513,121515,121517,121519],{"id":121381,"depth":84,"text":121512},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121394,"depth":84,"text":121514},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121404,"depth":84,"text":121516},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121413,"depth":84,"text":121518},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121427,"depth":84,"text":121520},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119410,"description":121522},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121528,"title":42365,"body":121529,"description":123261,"extension":2167,"meta":123262,"navigation":87,"path":123263,"seo":123264,"stem":123265,"__hash__":123266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121530,"toc":123218},[121531,121536,121541,121547,121549,121604,121608,121631,121636,121641,121646,121648,121679,121682,121696,121698,121700,121715,121720,121724,121727,121778,121782,121796,121803,121807,121811,121866,121870,121893,121897,121953,121957,121980,121984,122039,122043,122066,122070,122137,122141,122176,122182,122187,122192,122194,122208,122210,122284,122288,122308,122313,122320,122323,122335,122337,122406,122410,122447,122450,122475,122482,122491,122494,122506,122512,122518,122520,122526,122531,122610,122614,122655,122659,122661,122688,122691,122714,122717,122723,122726,122763,122775,122782,122784,122835,122838,122870,122873,122875,122882,122884,122899,122901,122958,122962,122986,122988,122993,123009,123016,123020,123023,123106,123116,123118,123123,123126,123132,123135,123141,123144,123150,123153,123160,123168,123170,123215],[10,121532,13,121534,18],{"id":121533},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121535,798],{},[20,121537,22,121538,121540],{},[15,121539,798],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121542,121543,121544,121546],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121545,798],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[33,121548,36],{"id":35},[38,121550,121552],{"className":40,"code":121551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121553,121554,121562,121576,121580,121590],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121555,121556,121558,121560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121557,75],{"class":53},[47,121559,58],{"class":57},[47,121561,45416],{"class":80},[47,121563,121564,121566,121568,121570,121572,121574],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121565,34884],{"class":53},[47,121567,58],{"class":57},[47,121569,1789],{"class":1788},[47,121571,99],{"class":98},[47,121573,116],{"class":102},[47,121575,106],{"class":98},[47,121577,121578],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,121579,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,121581,121582,121584,121586,121588],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,121583,95],{"class":94},[47,121585,99],{"class":98},[47,121587,192],{"class":102},[47,121589,106],{"class":98},[47,121591,121592,121594,121596,121598,121600,121602],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121593,95],{"class":94},[47,121595,99],{"class":98},[47,121597,1922],{"class":1788},[47,121599,99],{"class":98},[47,121601,192],{"class":102},[47,121603,1796],{"class":98},[20,121605,121606],{},[280,121607,144],{},[38,121609,121611],{"className":40,"code":121610,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121612,121613,121617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121614,121615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121616,2903],{"class":80},[47,121618,121619,121621,121623,121625,121627,121629],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121620,3482],{"class":57},[47,121622,3485],{"class":2266},[47,121624,3488],{"class":61},[47,121626,3636],{"class":65},[47,121628,3493],{"class":61},[47,121630,3496],{"class":57},[20,121632,167,121633,121635],{},[15,121634,798],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[33,121637,174,121639,177],{"id":121638},"what-str-does",[15,121640,798],{},[20,121642,121643,121645],{},[15,121644,798],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121647,2308],{},[187,121649,121650,121657,121664,121671],{},[190,121651,121652,121653,42345,121655],{},"An integer like ",[15,121654,582],{},[15,121656,42316],{},[190,121658,121659,121660,42345,121662],{},"A float like ",[15,121661,518],{},[15,121663,48281],{},[190,121665,121666,121667,42345,121669],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121668,3795],{},[15,121670,6835],{},[190,121672,121673,121674,42345,121676],{},"A list like ",[15,121675,75430],{},[15,121677,121678],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121680,121681],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[187,121683,121684,121687,121690,121693],{},[190,121685,121686],{},"print it",[190,121688,121689],{},"combine it with other strings",[190,121691,121692],{},"save it to a file",[190,121694,121695],{},"use it in messages",[33,121697,290],{"id":289},[20,121699,7413],{},[38,121701,121703],{"className":40,"code":121702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"str(object)\n",[15,121704,121705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121706,121707,121709,121711,121713],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121708,3636],{"class":1788},[47,121710,99],{"class":98},[47,121712,42588],{"class":1788},[47,121714,106],{"class":98},[20,121716,20968,121717,121719],{},[15,121718,42588],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121721,121722,8419],{},[15,121723,798],{},[20,121725,121726],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[38,121728,121730],{"className":40,"code":121729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121731,121732,121741,121764,121768],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121733,121734,121736,121738],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121735,534],{"class":53},[47,121737,58],{"class":57},[47,121739,121740],{"class":80}," 100\n",[47,121742,121743,121745,121747,121749,121752,121754,121756,121758,121760,121762],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121744,1377],{"class":53},[47,121746,58],{"class":57},[47,121748,62],{"class":61},[47,121750,121751],{"class":65},"Your score is ",[47,121753,128],{"class":61},[47,121755,246],{"class":57},[47,121757,1789],{"class":1788},[47,121759,99],{"class":98},[47,121761,548],{"class":102},[47,121763,106],{"class":98},[47,121765,121766],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,121767,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,121769,121770,121772,121774,121776],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,121771,95],{"class":94},[47,121773,99],{"class":98},[47,121775,1394],{"class":102},[47,121777,106],{"class":98},[20,121779,121780],{},[280,121781,144],{},[38,121783,121785],{"className":40,"code":121784,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121786,121787],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121788,121789,121792,121794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121790,121791],{"class":53},"Your score ",[47,121793,12388],{"class":57},[47,121795,121740],{"class":80},[20,121797,2494,121798,121802],{},[594,121799,121800,2501],{"href":2497},[15,121801,2500],{}," can help you check.",[33,121804,121806],{"id":121805},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[447,121808,121810],{"id":121809},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[38,121812,121814],{"className":40,"code":121813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121815,121816,121824,121838,121842,121852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121817,121818,121820,121822],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121819,2417],{"class":53},[47,121821,58],{"class":57},[47,121823,423],{"class":80},[47,121825,121826,121828,121830,121832,121834,121836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121827,34884],{"class":53},[47,121829,58],{"class":57},[47,121831,1789],{"class":1788},[47,121833,99],{"class":98},[47,121835,2438],{"class":102},[47,121837,106],{"class":98},[47,121839,121840],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,121841,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,121843,121844,121846,121848,121850],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,121845,95],{"class":94},[47,121847,99],{"class":98},[47,121849,192],{"class":102},[47,121851,106],{"class":98},[47,121853,121854,121856,121858,121860,121862,121864],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121855,95],{"class":94},[47,121857,99],{"class":98},[47,121859,1922],{"class":1788},[47,121861,99],{"class":98},[47,121863,192],{"class":102},[47,121865,1796],{"class":98},[20,121867,121868],{},[280,121869,144],{},[38,121871,121873],{"className":40,"code":121872,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121874,121875,121879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121876,121877],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121878,2574],{"class":80},[47,121880,121881,121883,121885,121887,121889,121891],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121882,3482],{"class":57},[47,121884,3485],{"class":2266},[47,121886,3488],{"class":61},[47,121888,3636],{"class":65},[47,121890,3493],{"class":61},[47,121892,3496],{"class":57},[447,121894,121896],{"id":121895},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[38,121898,121900],{"className":40,"code":121899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121901,121902,121911,121925,121929,121939],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121903,121904,121906,121908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121905,40577],{"class":53},[47,121907,58],{"class":57},[47,121909,121910],{"class":80}," 3.14\n",[47,121912,121913,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121914,34884],{"class":53},[47,121916,58],{"class":57},[47,121918,1789],{"class":1788},[47,121920,99],{"class":98},[47,121922,25348],{"class":102},[47,121924,106],{"class":98},[47,121926,121927],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,121928,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,121930,121931,121933,121935,121937],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,121932,95],{"class":94},[47,121934,99],{"class":98},[47,121936,192],{"class":102},[47,121938,106],{"class":98},[47,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,121942,95],{"class":94},[47,121944,99],{"class":98},[47,121946,1922],{"class":1788},[47,121948,99],{"class":98},[47,121950,192],{"class":102},[47,121952,1796],{"class":98},[20,121954,121955],{},[280,121956,144],{},[38,121958,121960],{"className":40,"code":121959,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121961,121962,121966],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121963,121964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121965,40367],{"class":80},[47,121967,121968,121970,121972,121974,121976,121978],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,121969,3482],{"class":57},[47,121971,3485],{"class":2266},[47,121973,3488],{"class":61},[47,121975,3636],{"class":65},[47,121977,3493],{"class":61},[47,121979,3496],{"class":57},[447,121981,121983],{"id":121982},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[38,121985,121987],{"className":40,"code":121986,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121988,121989,121997,122011,122015,122025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,121990,121991,121993,121995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,121992,2644],{"class":53},[47,121994,58],{"class":57},[47,121996,6616],{"class":1334},[47,121998,121999,122001,122003,122005,122007,122009],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122000,34884],{"class":53},[47,122002,58],{"class":57},[47,122004,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122006,99],{"class":98},[47,122008,2668],{"class":102},[47,122010,106],{"class":98},[47,122012,122013],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122014,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,122016,122017,122019,122021,122023],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122018,95],{"class":94},[47,122020,99],{"class":98},[47,122022,192],{"class":102},[47,122024,106],{"class":98},[47,122026,122027,122029,122031,122033,122035,122037],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,122028,95],{"class":94},[47,122030,99],{"class":98},[47,122032,1922],{"class":1788},[47,122034,99],{"class":98},[47,122036,192],{"class":102},[47,122038,1796],{"class":98},[20,122040,122041],{},[280,122042,144],{},[38,122044,122046],{"className":40,"code":122045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122047,122048,122052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122049,122050],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122051,4172],{"class":1334},[47,122053,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062,122064],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122055,3482],{"class":57},[47,122057,3485],{"class":2266},[47,122059,3488],{"class":61},[47,122061,3636],{"class":65},[47,122063,3493],{"class":61},[47,122065,3496],{"class":57},[447,122067,122069],{"id":122068},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[38,122071,122073],{"className":40,"code":122072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122074,122075,122095,122109,122113,122123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122076,122077,122079,122081,122083,122085,122087,122089,122091,122093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122078,7975],{"class":53},[47,122080,58],{"class":57},[47,122082,3815],{"class":98},[47,122084,1476],{"class":80},[47,122086,136],{"class":98},[47,122088,1562],{"class":80},[47,122090,136],{"class":98},[47,122092,249],{"class":80},[47,122094,3828],{"class":98},[47,122096,122097,122099,122101,122103,122105,122107],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122098,34884],{"class":53},[47,122100,58],{"class":57},[47,122102,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122104,99],{"class":98},[47,122106,8006],{"class":102},[47,122108,106],{"class":98},[47,122110,122111],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122112,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,122114,122115,122117,122119,122121],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122116,95],{"class":94},[47,122118,99],{"class":98},[47,122120,192],{"class":102},[47,122122,106],{"class":98},[47,122124,122125,122127,122129,122131,122133,122135],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,122126,95],{"class":94},[47,122128,99],{"class":98},[47,122130,1922],{"class":1788},[47,122132,99],{"class":98},[47,122134,192],{"class":102},[47,122136,1796],{"class":98},[20,122138,122139],{},[280,122140,144],{},[38,122142,122144],{"className":40,"code":122143,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122145,122146,122162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122147,122148,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122149,4092],{"class":98},[47,122151,1476],{"class":80},[47,122153,136],{"class":98},[47,122155,1562],{"class":80},[47,122157,136],{"class":98},[47,122159,249],{"class":80},[47,122161,3828],{"class":98},[47,122163,122164,122166,122168,122170,122172,122174],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122165,3482],{"class":57},[47,122167,3485],{"class":2266},[47,122169,3488],{"class":61},[47,122171,3636],{"class":65},[47,122173,3493],{"class":61},[47,122175,3496],{"class":57},[20,122177,122178,122179,122181],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[280,122180,4826],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[33,122183,5158,122185],{"id":122184},"when-to-use-str",[15,122186,798],{},[20,122188,167,122189,122191],{},[15,122190,798],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122193,36620],{},[187,122195,122196,122199,122202,122205],{},[190,122197,122198],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[190,122200,122201],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[190,122203,122204],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[190,122206,122207],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122209,204],{},[38,122211,122213],{"className":40,"code":122212,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122214,122215,122227,122235,122239,122274],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122216,122217,122219,122221,122223,122225],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122218,54],{"class":53},[47,122220,58],{"class":57},[47,122222,62],{"class":61},[47,122224,11704],{"class":65},[47,122226,69],{"class":61},[47,122228,122229,122231,122233],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122230,75],{"class":53},[47,122232,58],{"class":57},[47,122234,45416],{"class":80},[47,122236,122237],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122238,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,122240,122241,122243,122245,122247,122249,122251,122253,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263,122265,122267,122269,122272],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122242,1377],{"class":53},[47,122244,58],{"class":57},[47,122246,36163],{"class":53},[47,122248,710],{"class":57},[47,122250,62],{"class":61},[47,122252,4980],{"class":65},[47,122254,128],{"class":61},[47,122256,246],{"class":57},[47,122258,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122260,99],{"class":98},[47,122262,116],{"class":102},[47,122264,3854],{"class":98},[47,122266,246],{"class":57},[47,122268,62],{"class":61},[47,122270,122271],{"class":65}," years old.",[47,122273,69],{"class":61},[47,122275,122276,122278,122280,122282],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,122277,95],{"class":94},[47,122279,99],{"class":98},[47,122281,1394],{"class":102},[47,122283,106],{"class":98},[20,122285,122286],{},[280,122287,144],{},[38,122289,122291],{"className":40,"code":122290,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122292,122293],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122294,122295,122298,122300,122302,122305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122296,122297],{"class":53},"Maya ",[47,122299,12388],{"class":57},[47,122301,9497],{"class":80},[47,122303,122304],{"class":53}," years old",[47,122306,122307],{"class":98},".\n",[20,122309,122310,122311,445],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[594,122312,1053],{"href":1052},[33,122314,122316,10778,122318],{"id":122315},"str-vs-print",[15,122317,798],{},[15,122319,17],{},[20,122321,122322],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[187,122324,122325,122330],{},[190,122326,122327,122329],{},[15,122328,798],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[190,122331,122332,122334],{},[15,122333,17],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122336,204],{},[38,122338,122340],{"className":40,"code":122339,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122341,122342,122350,122354,122368,122378,122392],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122343,122344,122346,122348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122345,2644],{"class":53},[47,122347,58],{"class":57},[47,122349,2963],{"class":80},[47,122351,122352],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122353,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,122355,122356,122358,122360,122362,122364,122366],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122357,34884],{"class":53},[47,122359,58],{"class":57},[47,122361,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122363,99],{"class":98},[47,122365,2668],{"class":102},[47,122367,106],{"class":98},[47,122369,122370,122372,122374,122376],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122371,95],{"class":94},[47,122373,99],{"class":98},[47,122375,192],{"class":102},[47,122377,106],{"class":98},[47,122379,122380,122382,122384,122386,122388,122390],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,122381,95],{"class":94},[47,122383,99],{"class":98},[47,122385,1922],{"class":1788},[47,122387,99],{"class":98},[47,122389,192],{"class":102},[47,122391,1796],{"class":98},[47,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,122395,95],{"class":94},[47,122397,99],{"class":98},[47,122399,1922],{"class":1788},[47,122401,99],{"class":98},[47,122403,2668],{"class":102},[47,122405,1796],{"class":98},[20,122407,122408],{},[280,122409,144],{},[38,122411,122413],{"className":40,"code":122412,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122414,122415,122419,122433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122416,122417],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122418,46799],{"class":80},[47,122420,122421,122423,122425,122427,122429,122431],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122422,3482],{"class":57},[47,122424,3485],{"class":2266},[47,122426,3488],{"class":61},[47,122428,3636],{"class":65},[47,122430,3493],{"class":61},[47,122432,3496],{"class":57},[47,122434,122435,122437,122439,122441,122443,122445],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122436,3482],{"class":57},[47,122438,3485],{"class":2266},[47,122440,3488],{"class":61},[47,122442,2389],{"class":65},[47,122444,3493],{"class":61},[47,122446,3496],{"class":57},[20,122448,122449],{},"Notice:",[187,122451,122452,122458,122463],{},[190,122453,122454,122457],{},[15,122455,122456],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[190,122459,122460,122462],{},[15,122461,17],{}," only displayed values",[190,122464,122465,122467,122468,122470,122471,61486,122473],{},[15,122466,17],{}," did not change ",[15,122469,2668],{}," from ",[15,122472,2389],{},[15,122474,3636],{},[20,122476,122477,122478,445],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[594,122479,122480,2501],{"href":46637},[15,122481,17],{},[33,122483,122485,10778,122487,122490],{"id":122484},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122486,798],{},[15,122488,122489],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122492,122493],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[187,122495,122496,122501],{},[190,122497,122498,122500],{},[15,122499,798],{}," is the more readable text version",[190,122502,122503,122505],{},[15,122504,122489],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122507,122508,122509,122511],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122510,798],{}," much more often.",[20,122513,122514,122515,122517],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122516,798],{}," is usually the right choice.",[33,122519,4713],{"id":4712},[447,122521,25973,122523,122525],{"id":122522},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122524,798],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122527,122528,122530],{},[15,122529,798],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[38,122532,122534],{"className":40,"code":122533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122535,122536,122544,122558,122562,122572,122586,122596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122537,122538,122540,122542],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122539,75],{"class":53},[47,122541,58],{"class":57},[47,122543,45416],{"class":80},[47,122545,122546,122548,122550,122552,122554,122556],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122547,34884],{"class":53},[47,122549,58],{"class":57},[47,122551,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122553,99],{"class":98},[47,122555,116],{"class":102},[47,122557,106],{"class":98},[47,122559,122560],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122561,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,122563,122564,122566,122568,122570],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122565,95],{"class":94},[47,122567,99],{"class":98},[47,122569,116],{"class":102},[47,122571,106],{"class":98},[47,122573,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,122575,95],{"class":94},[47,122577,99],{"class":98},[47,122579,1922],{"class":1788},[47,122581,99],{"class":98},[47,122583,116],{"class":102},[47,122585,1796],{"class":98},[47,122587,122588,122590,122592,122594],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,122589,95],{"class":94},[47,122591,99],{"class":98},[47,122593,192],{"class":102},[47,122595,106],{"class":98},[47,122597,122598,122600,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,122599,95],{"class":94},[47,122601,99],{"class":98},[47,122603,1922],{"class":1788},[47,122605,99],{"class":98},[47,122607,192],{"class":102},[47,122609,1796],{"class":98},[20,122611,122612],{},[280,122613,144],{},[38,122615,122617],{"className":40,"code":122616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122618,122619,122623,122637,122641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122620,122621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122622,2903],{"class":80},[47,122624,122625,122627,122629,122631,122633,122635],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122626,3482],{"class":57},[47,122628,3485],{"class":2266},[47,122630,3488],{"class":61},[47,122632,2389],{"class":65},[47,122634,3493],{"class":61},[47,122636,3496],{"class":57},[47,122638,122639],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122640,2903],{"class":80},[47,122642,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651,122653],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122644,3482],{"class":57},[47,122646,3485],{"class":2266},[47,122648,3488],{"class":61},[47,122650,3636],{"class":65},[47,122652,3493],{"class":61},[47,122654,3496],{"class":57},[447,122656,122658],{"id":122657},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122660,6882],{},[38,122662,122664],{"className":40,"code":122663,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122665,122666,122674],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122667,122668,122670,122672],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122669,75],{"class":53},[47,122671,58],{"class":57},[47,122673,45416],{"class":80},[47,122675,122676,122678,122680,122682,122684,122686],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122677,34884],{"class":53},[47,122679,58],{"class":57},[47,122681,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122683,99],{"class":98},[47,122685,116],{"class":102},[47,122687,106],{"class":98},[20,122689,122690],{},"But if you only do this:",[38,122692,122694],{"className":40,"code":122693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122695,122696,122704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122697,122698,122700,122702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122699,75],{"class":53},[47,122701,58],{"class":57},[47,122703,45416],{"class":80},[47,122705,122706,122708,122710,122712],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122707,3636],{"class":1788},[47,122709,99],{"class":98},[47,122711,116],{"class":102},[47,122713,106],{"class":98},[20,122715,122716],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[447,122718,1654,122720,122722],{"id":122719},"using-str-too-early",[15,122721,798],{}," too early",[20,122724,122725],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[38,122727,122729],{"className":40,"code":122728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122730,122731,122739,122754,122758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122732,122733,122735,122737],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122734,40577],{"class":53},[47,122736,58],{"class":57},[47,122738,423],{"class":80},[47,122740,122741,122744,122746,122748,122750,122752],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122742,122743],{"class":53},"text_price ",[47,122745,58],{"class":57},[47,122747,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122749,99],{"class":98},[47,122751,25348],{"class":102},[47,122753,106],{"class":98},[47,122755,122756],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122757,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,122759,122760],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122761,122762],{"class":3857},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122764,122765,122766,3072,122770,122774],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[594,122767,122768],{"href":3068},[15,122769,3071],{},[594,122771,122772],{"href":3075},[15,122773,3078],{},", depending on the situation.",[447,122776,1807,122778,122781],{"id":122777},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122779,122780],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122783,64829],{},[38,122785,122787],{"className":40,"code":122786,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122788,122789,122821],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122790,122791,122793,122795,122797,122799,122801,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815,122817,122819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122792,7975],{"class":53},[47,122794,58],{"class":57},[47,122796,3815],{"class":98},[47,122798,128],{"class":61},[47,122800,4272],{"class":65},[47,122802,128],{"class":61},[47,122804,136],{"class":98},[47,122806,62],{"class":61},[47,122808,4281],{"class":65},[47,122810,128],{"class":61},[47,122812,136],{"class":98},[47,122814,62],{"class":61},[47,122816,33418],{"class":65},[47,122818,128],{"class":61},[47,122820,3828],{"class":98},[47,122822,122823,122825,122827,122829,122831,122833],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122824,95],{"class":94},[47,122826,99],{"class":98},[47,122828,3636],{"class":1788},[47,122830,99],{"class":98},[47,122832,8006],{"class":102},[47,122834,1796],{"class":98},[20,122836,122837],{},"prints:",[38,122839,122840],{"className":40,"code":73020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,122841,122842],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122843,122844,122846,122848,122850,122852,122854,122856,122858,122860,122862,122864,122866,122868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122845,4092],{"class":98},[47,122847,3493],{"class":61},[47,122849,4272],{"class":65},[47,122851,3493],{"class":61},[47,122853,136],{"class":98},[47,122855,3488],{"class":61},[47,122857,4281],{"class":65},[47,122859,3493],{"class":61},[47,122861,136],{"class":98},[47,122863,3488],{"class":61},[47,122865,33418],{"class":65},[47,122867,3493],{"class":61},[47,122869,3828],{"class":98},[20,122871,122872],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[33,122874,17615],{"id":17614},[20,122876,122877,22172,122879,445],{},[15,122878,798],{},[280,122880,122881],{},"new string",[20,122883,11653],{},[187,122885,122886,122889,122892],{},[190,122887,122888],{},"It always returns a string",[190,122890,122891],{},"It does not modify the original object",[190,122893,7958,122894,122898],{},[594,122895,122896],{"href":2497},[15,122897,2500],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122900,204],{},[38,122902,122904],{"className":40,"code":122903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122905,122906,122914,122929,122933,122944],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122907,122908,122910,122912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122909,2644],{"class":53},[47,122911,58],{"class":57},[47,122913,539],{"class":80},[47,122915,122916,122919,122921,122923,122925,122927],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122917,122918],{"class":53},"converted ",[47,122920,58],{"class":57},[47,122922,1789],{"class":1788},[47,122924,99],{"class":98},[47,122926,2668],{"class":102},[47,122928,106],{"class":98},[47,122930,122931],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,122932,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,122934,122935,122937,122939,122942],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,122936,95],{"class":94},[47,122938,99],{"class":98},[47,122940,122941],{"class":102},"converted",[47,122943,106],{"class":98},[47,122945,122946,122948,122950,122952,122954,122956],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,122947,95],{"class":94},[47,122949,99],{"class":98},[47,122951,1922],{"class":1788},[47,122953,99],{"class":98},[47,122955,122941],{"class":102},[47,122957,1796],{"class":98},[20,122959,122960],{},[280,122961,144],{},[38,122963,122965],{"className":40,"code":122964,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122966,122967,122972],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,122968,122969],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,122970,122971],{"class":80},"99\n",[47,122973,122974,122976,122978,122980,122982,122984],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,122975,3482],{"class":57},[47,122977,3485],{"class":2266},[47,122979,3488],{"class":61},[47,122981,3636],{"class":65},[47,122983,3493],{"class":61},[47,122985,3496],{"class":57},[33,122987,113647],{"id":113646},[20,122989,122990,122991,74999],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122992,798],{},[187,122994,122995,122998,123001,123006],{},[190,122996,122997],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[190,122999,123000],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[190,123002,1654,123003,123005],{},[15,123004,798],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[190,123007,123008],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123010,123011,123012,445],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[594,123013,25878,123014],{"href":1802},[15,123015,1803],{},[33,123017,123019],{"id":123018},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123021,123022],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[38,123024,123026],{"className":40,"code":123025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123027,123028,123036,123040,123050,123064,123068,123082,123092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123029,123030,123032,123034],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123031,2644],{"class":53},[47,123033,58],{"class":57},[47,123035,45416],{"class":80},[47,123037,123038],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123039,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,123041,123042,123044,123046,123048],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,123043,95],{"class":94},[47,123045,99],{"class":98},[47,123047,2668],{"class":102},[47,123049,106],{"class":98},[47,123051,123052,123054,123056,123058,123060,123062],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,123053,95],{"class":94},[47,123055,99],{"class":98},[47,123057,1922],{"class":1788},[47,123059,99],{"class":98},[47,123061,2668],{"class":102},[47,123063,1796],{"class":98},[47,123065,123066],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,123067,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,123069,123070,123072,123074,123076,123078,123080],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,123071,122918],{"class":53},[47,123073,58],{"class":57},[47,123075,1789],{"class":1788},[47,123077,99],{"class":98},[47,123079,2668],{"class":102},[47,123081,106],{"class":98},[47,123083,123084,123086,123088,123090],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,123085,95],{"class":94},[47,123087,99],{"class":98},[47,123089,122941],{"class":102},[47,123091,106],{"class":98},[47,123093,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102,123104],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,123095,95],{"class":94},[47,123097,99],{"class":98},[47,123099,1922],{"class":1788},[47,123101,99],{"class":98},[47,123103,122941],{"class":102},[47,123105,1796],{"class":98},[20,123107,123108,123109,2390,123111,123113,123114,445],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123110,2389],{},[15,123112,2393],{},", or another type into ",[15,123115,3636],{},[33,123117,1969],{"id":1968},[447,123119,5339,123121,5342],{"id":123120},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123122,798],{},[20,123124,123125],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[447,123127,1973,123129,123131],{"id":123128},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123130,798],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123133,123134],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[447,123136,1989,123138,123140],{"id":123137},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123139,798],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123142,123143],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[447,123145,94511,123147,123149],{"id":123146},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123148,798],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123151,123152],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[447,123154,15097,123156,57390,123158,2009],{"id":123155},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123157,798],{},[15,123159,17],{},[20,123161,46553,123162,123164,123165,123167],{},[15,123163,798],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123166,17],{}," shows output.",[33,123169,2075],{"id":2074},[187,123171,123172,123178,123184,123190,123196,123205,123209],{},[190,123173,123174],{},[594,123175,123176,2088],{"href":46637},[15,123177,17],{},[190,123179,123180],{},[594,123181,123182,2088],{"href":2497},[15,123183,2500],{},[190,123185,123186],{},[594,123187,123188,2088],{"href":3068},[15,123189,3071],{},[190,123191,123192],{},[594,123193,123194,2088],{"href":3075},[15,123195,3078],{},[190,123197,123198],{},[594,123199,123201,123202,123204],{"href":123200},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123203,2389],{}," to string in Python",[190,123206,123207],{},[594,123208,2099],{"href":1052},[190,123210,123211],{},[594,123212,30546,123213],{"href":1802},[15,123214,1803],{},[2110,123216,123217],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":123219},[123220,123221,123223,123224,123230,123232,123234,123236,123245,123246,123247,123248,123260],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":121638,"depth":72,"text":123222},"What str() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":121805,"depth":72,"text":121806,"children":123225},[123226,123227,123228,123229],{"id":121809,"depth":84,"text":121810},{"id":121895,"depth":84,"text":121896},{"id":121982,"depth":84,"text":121983},{"id":122068,"depth":84,"text":122069},{"id":122184,"depth":72,"text":123231},"When to use str()",{"id":122315,"depth":72,"text":123233},"str() vs print()",{"id":122484,"depth":72,"text":123235},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":123237},[123238,123240,123241,123243],{"id":122522,"depth":84,"text":123239},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122657,"depth":84,"text":122658},{"id":122719,"depth":84,"text":123242},"Using str() too early",{"id":122777,"depth":84,"text":123244},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":113646,"depth":72,"text":113647},{"id":123018,"depth":72,"text":123019},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":123249},[123250,123252,123254,123256,123258],{"id":123120,"depth":84,"text":123251},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123128,"depth":84,"text":123253},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123137,"depth":84,"text":123255},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123146,"depth":84,"text":123257},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123155,"depth":84,"text":123259},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42365,"description":123261},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123268,"title":123269,"body":123270,"description":124723,"extension":2167,"meta":124724,"navigation":87,"path":124725,"seo":124726,"stem":124727,"__hash__":124728},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123271,"toc":124685},[123272,123278,123284,123287,123309,123311,123373,123375,123388,123394,123399,123404,123406,123419,123430,123432,123459,123461,123478,123485,123496,123498,123503,123505,123517,123525,123534,123536,123539,123592,123594,123602,123610,123614,123619,123659,123661,123669,123672,123674,123714,123716,123724,123734,123740,123743,123816,123818,123831,123835,123840,123868,123871,123906,123908,123916,123919,123923,123927,123929,123945,123947,123987,123989,123997,124006,124049,124051,124059,124061,124065,124071,124074,124114,124116,124124,124129,124132,124175,124179,124182,124217,124222,124224,124263,124273,124281,124291,124299,124303,124308,124310,124351,124353,124361,124366,124369,124372,124390,124396,124400,124405,124408,124448,124450,124455,124554,124557,124573,124575,124594,124596,124603,124606,124612,124615,124621,124625,124631,124634,124640,124643,124645,124682],[10,123273,123275,123276,11516],{"id":123274},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123277,57475],{},[20,123279,123280,123281,123283],{},"The Python string ",[15,123282,57475],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123285,123286],{},"This reference page explains:",[187,123288,123289,123293,123296,123298,123306],{},[190,123290,26218,123291,177],{},[15,123292,57475],{},[190,123294,123295],{},"its syntax",[190,123297,35589],{},[190,123299,123300,123301,839,123303,123305],{},"how ",[15,123302,36266],{},[15,123304,820],{}," work",[190,123307,123308],{},"common beginner mistakes",[33,123310,36],{"id":35},[38,123312,123314],{"className":40,"code":123313,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123315,123316,123328,123350],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123317,123318,123320,123322,123324,123326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123319,34884],{"class":53},[47,123321,58],{"class":57},[47,123323,62],{"class":61},[47,123325,4281],{"class":65},[47,123327,69],{"class":61},[47,123329,123330,123332,123334,123336,123338,123340,123342,123344,123346,123348],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123331,95],{"class":94},[47,123333,99],{"class":98},[47,123335,192],{"class":102},[47,123337,445],{"class":98},[47,123339,41449],{"class":102},[47,123341,99],{"class":98},[47,123343,128],{"class":61},[47,123345,594],{"class":65},[47,123347,128],{"class":61},[47,123349,1796],{"class":98},[47,123351,123352,123354,123356,123358,123360,123362,123364,123366,123369,123371],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,123353,95],{"class":94},[47,123355,99],{"class":98},[47,123357,192],{"class":102},[47,123359,445],{"class":98},[47,123361,41449],{"class":102},[47,123363,99],{"class":98},[47,123365,128],{"class":61},[47,123367,123368],{"class":65},"na",[47,123370,128],{"class":61},[47,123372,1796],{"class":98},[20,123374,144],{},[38,123376,123378],{"className":40,"code":123377,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"3\n2\n",[15,123379,123380,123384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123381,123382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123383,46804],{"class":80},[47,123385,123386],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123387,17252],{"class":80},[20,123389,167,123390,123393],{},[15,123391,123392],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[33,123395,13191,123397,13194],{"id":123396},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123398,57475],{},[20,123400,123401,123403],{},[15,123402,57475],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123405,13247],{},[187,123407,123408,123411,123414,123416],{},[190,123409,123410],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[190,123412,123413],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[190,123415,43848],{},[190,123417,123418],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123420,123421,123422,123424,123425,2390,123427,123429],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123423,18292],{}," characters are in ",[15,123426,65459],{},[15,123428,57475],{}," is a simple choice.",[33,123431,290],{"id":289},[38,123433,123435],{"className":40,"code":123434,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123436,123437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123438,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123455,123457],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123440,61359],{"class":53},[47,123442,445],{"class":98},[47,123444,41449],{"class":102},[47,123446,99],{"class":98},[47,123448,2668],{"class":102},[47,123450,136],{"class":98},[47,123452,36245],{"class":102},[47,123454,136],{"class":98},[47,123456,1146],{"class":102},[47,123458,106],{"class":98},[447,123460,17591],{"id":17590},[187,123462,123463,123468,123473],{},[190,123464,123465,123467],{},[15,123466,2668],{},": the text to search for",[190,123469,123470,123472],{},[15,123471,36266],{},": optional; where counting begins",[190,123474,123475,123477],{},[15,123476,820],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123479,123480,839,123482,123484],{},[15,123481,36266],{},[15,123483,820],{}," work like slice positions:",[187,123486,123487,123492],{},[190,123488,123489,123491],{},[15,123490,36266],{}," is included",[190,123493,123494,75925],{},[15,123495,820],{},[33,123497,17615],{"id":17614},[20,123499,123500,123502],{},[15,123501,57475],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123504,2327],{},[187,123506,123507,123512],{},[190,123508,123509,123510],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123511,2263],{},[190,123513,123514,123515],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123516,2321],{},[20,123518,41096,123519,2006,123521,3072,123523,445],{},[280,123520,4826],{},[15,123522,3795],{},[15,123524,3868],{},[20,123526,123527,123528,123533],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[594,123529,123531,101521],{"href":123530},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123532,1468],{}," is often a better fit.",[33,123535,11670],{"id":11669},[20,123537,123538],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[38,123540,123542],{"className":40,"code":123541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123543,123544,123556,123578,123582],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123545,123546,123548,123550,123552,123554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123547,34884],{"class":53},[47,123549,58],{"class":57},[47,123551,62],{"class":61},[47,123553,4272],{"class":65},[47,123555,69],{"class":61},[47,123557,123558,123560,123562,123564,123566,123568,123570,123572,123574,123576],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123559,1290],{"class":53},[47,123561,58],{"class":57},[47,123563,43031],{"class":53},[47,123565,445],{"class":98},[47,123567,41449],{"class":102},[47,123569,99],{"class":98},[47,123571,128],{"class":61},[47,123573,20],{"class":65},[47,123575,128],{"class":61},[47,123577,106],{"class":98},[47,123579,123580],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,123581,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,123583,123584,123586,123588,123590],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,123585,95],{"class":94},[47,123587,99],{"class":98},[47,123589,1315],{"class":102},[47,123591,106],{"class":98},[20,123593,144],{},[38,123595,123596],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123597,123598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123599,123600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123601,17252],{"class":80},[20,123603,64005,123604,123607,123608,445],{},[15,123605,123606],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123609,58017],{},[33,123611,123613],{"id":123612},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123615,123616,123618],{},[15,123617,57475],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[38,123620,123622],{"className":40,"code":123621,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123623,123624,123637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123625,123626,123628,123630,123632,123635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123627,34884],{"class":53},[47,123629,58],{"class":57},[47,123631,62],{"class":61},[47,123633,123634],{"class":65},"cat dog cat bird cat",[47,123636,69],{"class":61},[47,123638,123639,123641,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123640,95],{"class":94},[47,123642,99],{"class":98},[47,123644,192],{"class":102},[47,123646,445],{"class":98},[47,123648,41449],{"class":102},[47,123650,99],{"class":98},[47,123652,128],{"class":61},[47,123654,37239],{"class":65},[47,123656,128],{"class":61},[47,123658,1796],{"class":98},[20,123660,144],{},[38,123662,123663],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123664,123665],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123666,123667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123668,46804],{"class":80},[20,123670,123671],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123673,204],{},[38,123675,123677],{"className":40,"code":123676,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123678,123679,123692],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123680,123681,123683,123685,123687,123690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123682,34884],{"class":53},[47,123684,58],{"class":57},[47,123686,62],{"class":61},[47,123688,123689],{"class":65},"one One one",[47,123691,69],{"class":61},[47,123693,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123695,95],{"class":94},[47,123697,99],{"class":98},[47,123699,192],{"class":102},[47,123701,445],{"class":98},[47,123703,41449],{"class":102},[47,123705,99],{"class":98},[47,123707,128],{"class":61},[47,123709,6779],{"class":65},[47,123711,128],{"class":61},[47,123713,1796],{"class":98},[20,123715,144],{},[38,123717,123718],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123719,123720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123721,123722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123723,17252],{"class":80},[20,123725,123726,123727,123730,123731,123733],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123728,123729],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123732,57475],{}," is case-sensitive.",[33,123735,1654,123736,839,123738],{"id":65591},[15,123737,36266],{},[15,123739,820],{},[20,123741,123742],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[38,123744,123746],{"className":40,"code":123745,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123747,123748,123760,123786],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123749,123750,123752,123754,123756,123758],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123751,34884],{"class":53},[47,123753,58],{"class":57},[47,123755,62],{"class":61},[47,123757,4281],{"class":65},[47,123759,69],{"class":61},[47,123761,123762,123764,123766,123768,123770,123772,123774,123776,123778,123780,123782,123784],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123763,95],{"class":94},[47,123765,99],{"class":98},[47,123767,192],{"class":102},[47,123769,445],{"class":98},[47,123771,41449],{"class":102},[47,123773,99],{"class":98},[47,123775,128],{"class":61},[47,123777,594],{"class":65},[47,123779,128],{"class":61},[47,123781,136],{"class":98},[47,123783,1562],{"class":80},[47,123785,1796],{"class":98},[47,123787,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,123789,95],{"class":94},[47,123791,99],{"class":98},[47,123793,192],{"class":102},[47,123795,445],{"class":98},[47,123797,41449],{"class":102},[47,123799,99],{"class":98},[47,123801,128],{"class":61},[47,123803,594],{"class":65},[47,123805,128],{"class":61},[47,123807,136],{"class":98},[47,123809,1562],{"class":80},[47,123811,136],{"class":98},[47,123813,4800],{"class":80},[47,123815,1796],{"class":98},[20,123817,144],{},[38,123819,123821],{"className":40,"code":123820,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"2\n1\n",[15,123822,123823,123827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123824,123825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123826,17252],{"class":80},[47,123828,123829],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123830,47104],{"class":80},[447,123832,123834],{"id":123833},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123836,123837,123838,420],{},"In ",[15,123839,65459],{},[187,123841,123842,123850,123858],{},[190,123843,71149,123844,123846,123847],{},[15,123845,243],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123848,123849],{},"\"n\"",[190,123851,123852,123855,123856,76223],{},[15,123853,123854],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123857,243],{},[190,123859,123860,123855,123863,123865,123866],{},[15,123861,123862],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123864,243],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123867,232],{},[20,123869,123870],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[38,123872,123874],{"className":40,"code":123873,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123875,123876,123888],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123877,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123879,34884],{"class":53},[47,123881,58],{"class":57},[47,123883,62],{"class":61},[47,123885,4281],{"class":65},[47,123887,69],{"class":61},[47,123889,123890,123892,123894,123896,123898,123900,123902,123904],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123891,95],{"class":94},[47,123893,99],{"class":98},[47,123895,192],{"class":102},[47,123897,4092],{"class":98},[47,123899,243],{"class":80},[47,123901,420],{"class":98},[47,123903,232],{"class":80},[47,123905,4080],{"class":98},[20,123907,144],{},[38,123909,123910],{"className":40,"code":41658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123911,123912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123913,123914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123915,41658],{"class":53},[20,123917,123918],{},"Only that section is searched.",[33,123920,123922],{"id":123921},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123924,123925,123733],{},[15,123926,57475],{},[20,123928,2308],{},[187,123930,123931,123939],{},[190,123932,123933,839,123935,123938],{},[15,123934,18292],{},[15,123936,123937],{},"\"A\""," are different",[190,123940,123941,839,123943,123938],{},[15,123942,64720],{},[15,123944,1816],{},[20,123946,204],{},[38,123948,123950],{"className":40,"code":123949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123951,123952,123965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123953,123954,123956,123958,123960,123963],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123955,34884],{"class":53},[47,123957,58],{"class":57},[47,123959,62],{"class":61},[47,123961,123962],{"class":65},"Apple apple APPLE",[47,123964,69],{"class":61},[47,123966,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,123968,95],{"class":94},[47,123970,99],{"class":98},[47,123972,192],{"class":102},[47,123974,445],{"class":98},[47,123976,41449],{"class":102},[47,123978,99],{"class":98},[47,123980,128],{"class":61},[47,123982,4272],{"class":65},[47,123984,128],{"class":61},[47,123986,1796],{"class":98},[20,123988,144],{},[38,123990,123991],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,123992,123993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,123994,123995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,123996,47104],{"class":80},[20,123998,123999,124000,420],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[594,124001,124003],{"href":124002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124004,124005],{},"lower()",[38,124007,124009],{"className":40,"code":124008,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124010,124011,124023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124012,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124014,34884],{"class":53},[47,124016,58],{"class":57},[47,124018,62],{"class":61},[47,124020,123962],{"class":65},[47,124022,69],{"class":61},[47,124024,124025,124027,124029,124031,124033,124035,124037,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124026,95],{"class":94},[47,124028,99],{"class":98},[47,124030,192],{"class":102},[47,124032,445],{"class":98},[47,124034,8833],{"class":102},[47,124036,8830],{"class":98},[47,124038,41449],{"class":102},[47,124040,99],{"class":98},[47,124042,128],{"class":61},[47,124044,4272],{"class":65},[47,124046,128],{"class":61},[47,124048,1796],{"class":98},[20,124050,144],{},[38,124052,124053],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124054,124055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124056,124057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124058,46804],{"class":80},[33,124060,1595],{"id":1594},[20,124062,23292,124063,445],{},[15,124064,57475],{},[447,124066,1807,124068,124070],{"id":124067},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124069,57475],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124072,124073],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[38,124075,124077],{"className":40,"code":124076,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124078,124079,124092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124080,124081,124083,124085,124087,124090],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124082,34884],{"class":53},[47,124084,58],{"class":57},[47,124086,62],{"class":61},[47,124088,124089],{"class":65},"Aardvark",[47,124091,69],{"class":61},[47,124093,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124095,95],{"class":94},[47,124097,99],{"class":98},[47,124099,192],{"class":102},[47,124101,445],{"class":98},[47,124103,41449],{"class":102},[47,124105,99],{"class":98},[47,124107,128],{"class":61},[47,124109,594],{"class":65},[47,124111,128],{"class":61},[47,124113,1796],{"class":98},[20,124115,144],{},[38,124117,124118],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124119,124120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124121,124122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124123,17252],{"class":80},[20,124125,123726,124126,124128],{},[15,124127,123937],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124130,124131],{},"If needed, convert first:",[38,124133,124135],{"className":40,"code":124134,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124136,124137,124149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124138,124139,124141,124143,124145,124147],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124140,34884],{"class":53},[47,124142,58],{"class":57},[47,124144,62],{"class":61},[47,124146,124089],{"class":65},[47,124148,69],{"class":61},[47,124150,124151,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124152,95],{"class":94},[47,124154,99],{"class":98},[47,124156,192],{"class":102},[47,124158,445],{"class":98},[47,124160,8833],{"class":102},[47,124162,8830],{"class":98},[47,124164,41449],{"class":102},[47,124166,99],{"class":98},[47,124168,128],{"class":61},[47,124170,594],{"class":65},[47,124172,128],{"class":61},[47,124174,1796],{"class":98},[447,124176,124178],{"id":124177},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124180,124181],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[38,124183,124185],{"className":40,"code":124184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124186,124187,124199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124188,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124190,34884],{"class":53},[47,124192,58],{"class":57},[47,124194,62],{"class":61},[47,124196,4281],{"class":65},[47,124198,69],{"class":61},[47,124200,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211,124213,124215],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124202,95],{"class":94},[47,124204,99],{"class":98},[47,124206,192],{"class":102},[47,124208,445],{"class":98},[47,124210,41449],{"class":102},[47,124212,99],{"class":98},[47,124214,594],{"class":102},[47,124216,1796],{"class":98},[20,124218,124219,124220,445],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124221,594],{},[20,124223,1631],{},[38,124225,124227],{"className":40,"code":124226,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124228,124229,124241],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124230,124231,124233,124235,124237,124239],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124232,34884],{"class":53},[47,124234,58],{"class":57},[47,124236,62],{"class":61},[47,124238,4281],{"class":65},[47,124240,69],{"class":61},[47,124242,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251,124253,124255,124257,124259,124261],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124244,95],{"class":94},[47,124246,99],{"class":98},[47,124248,192],{"class":102},[47,124250,445],{"class":98},[47,124252,41449],{"class":102},[47,124254,99],{"class":98},[47,124256,128],{"class":61},[47,124258,594],{"class":65},[47,124260,128],{"class":61},[47,124262,1796],{"class":98},[447,124264,37396,124266,8898,124268,3072,124271],{"id":124265},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124267,57475],{},[15,124269,124270],{},"find()",[15,124272,59152],{},[20,124274,167,124275,124277,124278,445],{},[15,124276,57475],{}," when you need the ",[280,124279,124280],{},"number of matches",[20,124282,167,124283,124277,124288,124290],{},[594,124284,124286],{"href":124285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124287,124270],{},[280,124289,65132],{}," of the first match.",[20,124292,167,124293,124298],{},[594,124294,124296],{"href":124295},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124297,59152],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[447,124300,124302],{"id":124301},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124304,124305,124307],{},[15,124306,57475],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124309,204],{},[38,124311,124313],{"className":40,"code":124312,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124314,124315,124328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124316,124317,124319,124321,124323,124326],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124318,34884],{"class":53},[47,124320,58],{"class":57},[47,124322,62],{"class":61},[47,124324,124325],{"class":65},"aaaa",[47,124327,69],{"class":61},[47,124329,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124347,124349],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124331,95],{"class":94},[47,124333,99],{"class":98},[47,124335,192],{"class":102},[47,124337,445],{"class":98},[47,124339,41449],{"class":102},[47,124341,99],{"class":98},[47,124343,128],{"class":61},[47,124345,124346],{"class":65},"aa",[47,124348,128],{"class":61},[47,124350,1796],{"class":98},[20,124352,144],{},[38,124354,124355],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,124356,124357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124358,124359],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124360,17252],{"class":80},[20,124362,124363,124364,445],{},"It does not return ",[15,124365,2263],{},[20,124367,124368],{},"Why not?",[20,124370,124371],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[187,124373,124374,124383],{},[190,124375,124376,124379,124380],{},[15,124377,124378],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124381,124382],{},"0-1",[190,124384,124385,124379,124387],{},[15,124386,124378],{},[15,124388,124389],{},"2-3",[20,124391,124392,124393,445],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124394,124395],{},"1-2",[33,124397,5158,124398],{"id":58557},[15,124399,57475],{},[20,124401,167,124402,124404],{},[15,124403,57475],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124406,124407],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[187,124409,124410,124419,124429,124439],{},[190,124411,167,124412,124414,124415,124418],{},[15,124413,57475],{}," when you need ",[280,124416,124417],{},"how many times"," something appears",[190,124420,167,124421,124414,124425,124428],{},[594,124422,124423],{"href":124285},[15,124424,124270],{},[280,124426,124427],{},"where"," it appears",[190,124430,47997,124431,124435,124436],{},[594,124432,124433,101521],{"href":123530},[15,124434,1468],{}," when you only need to know ",[280,124437,124438],{},"if it exists",[190,124440,167,124441,124447],{},[594,124442,124444],{"href":124443},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124445,124446],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[33,124449,26141],{"id":26140},[20,124451,1625,124452,124454],{},[15,124453,57475],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[38,124456,124458],{"className":40,"code":124457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124459,124460,124470,124484,124506,124532],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124461,124462,124464,124466,124468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124463,95],{"class":94},[47,124465,99],{"class":98},[47,124467,192],{"class":102},[47,124469,106],{"class":98},[47,124471,124472,124474,124476,124478,124480,124482],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124473,95],{"class":94},[47,124475,99],{"class":98},[47,124477,1922],{"class":1788},[47,124479,99],{"class":98},[47,124481,192],{"class":102},[47,124483,1796],{"class":98},[47,124485,124486,124488,124490,124492,124494,124496,124498,124500,124502,124504],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,124487,95],{"class":94},[47,124489,99],{"class":98},[47,124491,192],{"class":102},[47,124493,445],{"class":98},[47,124495,41449],{"class":102},[47,124497,99],{"class":98},[47,124499,128],{"class":61},[47,124501,594],{"class":65},[47,124503,128],{"class":61},[47,124505,1796],{"class":98},[47,124507,124508,124510,124512,124514,124516,124518,124520,124522,124524,124526,124528,124530],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,124509,95],{"class":94},[47,124511,99],{"class":98},[47,124513,192],{"class":102},[47,124515,445],{"class":98},[47,124517,8833],{"class":102},[47,124519,8830],{"class":98},[47,124521,41449],{"class":102},[47,124523,99],{"class":98},[47,124525,128],{"class":61},[47,124527,594],{"class":65},[47,124529,128],{"class":61},[47,124531,1796],{"class":98},[47,124533,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542,124544,124546,124548,124550,124552],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,124535,95],{"class":94},[47,124537,99],{"class":98},[47,124539,192],{"class":102},[47,124541,445],{"class":98},[47,124543,41449],{"class":102},[47,124545,99],{"class":98},[47,124547,128],{"class":61},[47,124549,123368],{"class":65},[47,124551,128],{"class":61},[47,124553,1796],{"class":98},[20,124555,124556],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[187,124558,124559,124562,124567,124570],{},[190,124560,124561],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[190,124563,124564,124566],{},[15,124565,192],{}," not being a string",[190,124568,124569],{},"counting the wrong substring",[190,124571,124572],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124574,59046],{},[187,124576,124577,124580,124583,124586],{},[190,124578,124579],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[190,124581,124582],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[190,124584,124585],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[190,124587,50678,124588,44820,124590,3072,124592,73495],{},[15,124589,57475],{},[15,124591,124270],{},[15,124593,1468],{},[33,124595,1969],{"id":1968},[447,124597,124599,124600,124602],{"id":124598},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124601,57475],{}," change the original string?",[20,124604,124605],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[447,124607,15097,124609,124611],{"id":124608},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124610,57475],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124613,124614],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[447,124616,5339,124618,124620],{"id":124617},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124619,57475],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124622,5345,124623,445],{},[15,124624,2321],{},[447,124626,1989,124628,124630],{"id":124627},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124629,57475],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124632,124633],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[447,124635,1973,124637,124639],{"id":124636},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124638,57475],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124641,124642],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[33,124644,2075],{"id":2074},[187,124646,124647,124654,124661,124668,124675],{},[190,124648,124649],{},[594,124650,124651],{"href":124285},[15,124652,124653],{},"Python string find() method",[190,124655,124656],{},[594,124657,124658],{"href":124295},[15,124659,124660],{},"Python string index() method",[190,124662,124663],{},[594,124664,124665],{"href":124002},[15,124666,124667],{},"Python string lower() method",[190,124669,124670],{},[594,124671,124672],{"href":123530},[15,124673,124674],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[190,124676,124677],{},[594,124678,124679],{"href":124443},[15,124680,124681],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2110,124683,124684],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":124686},[124687,124688,124690,124693,124694,124695,124696,124699,124700,124708,124709,124710,124722],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":123396,"depth":72,"text":124689},"What the count() method does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":124691},[124692],{"id":17590,"depth":84,"text":17591},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":123612,"depth":72,"text":123613},{"id":65591,"depth":72,"text":66374,"children":124697},[124698],{"id":123833,"depth":84,"text":123834},{"id":123921,"depth":72,"text":123922},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":124701},[124702,124704,124705,124707],{"id":124067,"depth":84,"text":124703},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124177,"depth":84,"text":124178},{"id":124265,"depth":84,"text":124706},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124301,"depth":84,"text":124302},{"id":58557,"depth":72,"text":59188},{"id":26140,"depth":72,"text":26141},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":124711},[124712,124714,124716,124718,124720],{"id":124598,"depth":84,"text":124713},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124608,"depth":84,"text":124715},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124617,"depth":84,"text":124717},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124627,"depth":84,"text":124719},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124636,"depth":84,"text":124721},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123269,"description":124723},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124730,"title":124731,"body":124732,"description":126317,"extension":2167,"meta":126318,"navigation":87,"path":126319,"seo":126320,"stem":126321,"__hash__":126322},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124733,"toc":126290},[124734,124737,124740,124837,124846,124848,124867,124871,124874,124877,124890,124893,124922,124927,124932,124990,124992,125025,125031,125035,125038,125041,125070,125073,125100,125103,125106,125110,125113,125120,125183,125185,125203,125206,125210,125213,125216,125258,125261,125305,125308,125311,125315,125320,125323,125366,125368,125391,125394,125427,125430,125479,125489,125493,125496,125499,125528,125531,125542,125544,125603,125606,125610,125613,125616,125631,125640,125643,125677,125680,125707,125710,125717,125719,125722,125724,125727,125741,125750,125752,125779,125783,125786,125800,125803,125862,125866,125869,125896,125899,125926,125934,125937,125997,125999,126032,126036,126039,126058,126063,126112,126117,126119,126122,126181,126199,126201,126205,126213,126217,126220,126224,126230,126234,126244,126248,126251,126253,126287],[10,124735,124731],{"id":124736},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124738,124739],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[38,124741,124743],{"className":40,"code":124742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124744,124745,124757,124769,124778,124792,124796,124806,124816,124827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124746,124747,124749,124751,124753,124755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124748,54],{"class":53},[47,124750,58],{"class":57},[47,124752,62],{"class":61},[47,124754,5201],{"class":65},[47,124756,69],{"class":61},[47,124758,124759,124761,124763,124765,124767],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124760,1377],{"class":53},[47,124762,58],{"class":57},[47,124764,3488],{"class":61},[47,124766,131],{"class":65},[47,124768,29898],{"class":61},[47,124770,124771,124774,124776],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,124772,124773],{"class":53},"empty ",[47,124775,58],{"class":57},[47,124777,8077],{"class":61},[47,124779,124780,124782,124784,124786,124788,124790],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,124781,34884],{"class":53},[47,124783,58],{"class":57},[47,124785,1789],{"class":1788},[47,124787,99],{"class":98},[47,124789,50432],{"class":80},[47,124791,106],{"class":98},[47,124793,124794],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,124795,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,124797,124798,124800,124802,124804],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,124799,95],{"class":94},[47,124801,99],{"class":98},[47,124803,103],{"class":102},[47,124805,106],{"class":98},[47,124807,124808,124810,124812,124814],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,124809,95],{"class":94},[47,124811,99],{"class":98},[47,124813,1394],{"class":102},[47,124815,106],{"class":98},[47,124817,124818,124820,124822,124825],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,124819,95],{"class":94},[47,124821,99],{"class":98},[47,124823,124824],{"class":102},"empty",[47,124826,106],{"class":98},[47,124828,124829,124831,124833,124835],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,124830,95],{"class":94},[47,124832,99],{"class":98},[47,124834,192],{"class":102},[47,124836,106],{"class":98},[20,124838,124839,124842,124843,124845],{},[280,124840,124841],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124844,798],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[33,124847,15357],{"id":15356},[187,124849,124850,124853,124856,124859,124864],{},[190,124851,124852],{},"What a string is in Python",[190,124854,124855],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[190,124857,124858],{},"How to create an empty string",[190,124860,124861,124862],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124863,798],{},[190,124865,124866],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[33,124868,124870],{"id":124869},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124872,124873],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124875,124876],{},"Strings can contain:",[187,124878,124879,124882,124884,124887],{},[190,124880,124881],{},"Letters",[190,124883,56646],{},[190,124885,124886],{},"Spaces",[190,124888,124889],{},"Symbols",[20,124891,124892],{},"Examples of strings:",[38,124894,124896],{"className":40,"code":124895,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124897,124898,124906,124914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124899,124900,124902,124904],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124901,128],{"class":43518},[47,124903,4038],{"class":43522},[47,124905,69],{"class":43518},[47,124907,124908,124910,124912],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124909,128],{"class":43518},[47,124911,50432],{"class":43522},[47,124913,69],{"class":43518},[47,124915,124916,124918,124920],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,124917,128],{"class":43518},[47,124919,483],{"class":43522},[47,124921,69],{"class":43518},[20,124923,21175,124924,124926],{},[15,124925,50482],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124928,124929,124930,420],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124931,2500],{},[38,124933,124935],{"className":40,"code":124934,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124936,124937,124949,124958,124962,124976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124938,124939,124941,124943,124945,124947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,124940,34884],{"class":53},[47,124942,58],{"class":57},[47,124944,62],{"class":61},[47,124946,50432],{"class":65},[47,124948,69],{"class":61},[47,124950,124951,124953,124955],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,124952,2417],{"class":53},[47,124954,58],{"class":57},[47,124956,124957],{"class":80}," 123\n",[47,124959,124960],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,124961,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,124963,124964,124966,124968,124970,124972,124974],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,124965,95],{"class":94},[47,124967,99],{"class":98},[47,124969,1922],{"class":1788},[47,124971,99],{"class":98},[47,124973,192],{"class":102},[47,124975,1796],{"class":98},[47,124977,124978,124980,124982,124984,124986,124988],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,124979,95],{"class":94},[47,124981,99],{"class":98},[47,124983,1922],{"class":1788},[47,124985,99],{"class":98},[47,124987,2438],{"class":102},[47,124989,1796],{"class":98},[20,124991,144],{},[38,124993,124995],{"className":40,"code":124994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124996,124997,125011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,124998,124999,125001,125003,125005,125007,125009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125000,3482],{"class":57},[47,125002,3485],{"class":2266},[47,125004,3488],{"class":61},[47,125006,3636],{"class":65},[47,125008,3493],{"class":61},[47,125010,3496],{"class":57},[47,125012,125013,125015,125017,125019,125021,125023],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125014,3482],{"class":57},[47,125016,3485],{"class":2266},[47,125018,3488],{"class":61},[47,125020,2389],{"class":65},[47,125022,3493],{"class":61},[47,125024,3496],{"class":57},[20,125026,125027,125028,445],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[594,125029,125030],{"href":596},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[33,125032,125034],{"id":125033},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125036,125037],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125039,125040],{},"You can use single quotes:",[38,125042,125044],{"className":40,"code":125043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125045,125046,125059],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125047,125048,125051,125053,125055,125057],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125049,125050],{"class":53},"greeting ",[47,125052,58],{"class":57},[47,125054,3488],{"class":61},[47,125056,4038],{"class":65},[47,125058,29898],{"class":61},[47,125060,125061,125063,125065,125068],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125062,95],{"class":94},[47,125064,99],{"class":98},[47,125066,125067],{"class":102},"greeting",[47,125069,106],{"class":98},[20,125071,125072],{},"Or double quotes:",[38,125074,125076],{"className":40,"code":125075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125077,125078,125090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125079,125080,125082,125084,125086,125088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125081,125050],{"class":53},[47,125083,58],{"class":57},[47,125085,62],{"class":61},[47,125087,4038],{"class":65},[47,125089,69],{"class":61},[47,125091,125092,125094,125096,125098],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125093,95],{"class":94},[47,125095,99],{"class":98},[47,125097,125067],{"class":102},[47,125099,106],{"class":98},[20,125101,125102],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125104,125105],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[33,125107,125109],{"id":125108},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125111,125112],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125114,125115,125116,3072,125118,420],{},"Use either ",[15,125117,1151],{},[15,125119,3966],{},[38,125121,125123],{"className":40,"code":125122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125124,125125,125134,125143,125147,125158,125169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125126,125127,125130,125132],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125128,125129],{"class":53},"empty1 ",[47,125131,58],{"class":57},[47,125133,8077],{"class":61},[47,125135,125136,125139,125141],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125137,125138],{"class":53},"empty2 ",[47,125140,58],{"class":57},[47,125142,47683],{"class":61},[47,125144,125145],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125146,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,125148,125149,125151,125153,125156],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,125150,95],{"class":94},[47,125152,99],{"class":98},[47,125154,125155],{"class":102},"empty1",[47,125157,106],{"class":98},[47,125159,125160,125162,125164,125167],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125161,95],{"class":94},[47,125163,99],{"class":98},[47,125165,125166],{"class":102},"empty2",[47,125168,106],{"class":98},[47,125170,125171,125173,125175,125177,125179,125181],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,125172,95],{"class":94},[47,125174,99],{"class":98},[47,125176,1922],{"class":1788},[47,125178,99],{"class":98},[47,125180,125155],{"class":102},[47,125182,1796],{"class":98},[20,125184,144],{},[38,125186,125187],{"className":40,"code":45958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,125188,125189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125190,125191,125193,125195,125197,125199,125201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125192,3482],{"class":57},[47,125194,3485],{"class":2266},[47,125196,3488],{"class":61},[47,125198,3636],{"class":65},[47,125200,3493],{"class":61},[47,125202,3496],{"class":57},[20,125204,125205],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[33,125207,125209],{"id":125208},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125211,125212],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125214,125215],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[38,125217,125219],{"className":40,"code":125218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125220,125221,125232,125237,125244,125248],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125222,125223,125225,125227,125230],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125224,1377],{"class":53},[47,125226,58],{"class":57},[47,125228,125229],{"class":61}," \"\"\"",[47,125231,263],{"class":65},[47,125233,125234],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125235,125236],{"class":65},"Welcome to Python\n",[47,125238,125239,125242],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125240,125241],{"class":65},"Have a nice day",[47,125243,43526],{"class":61},[47,125245,125246],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,125247,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,125249,125250,125252,125254,125256],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125251,95],{"class":94},[47,125253,99],{"class":98},[47,125255,1394],{"class":102},[47,125257,106],{"class":98},[20,125259,125260],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[38,125262,125264],{"className":40,"code":125263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125265,125266,125278,125283,125291,125295],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125267,125268,125270,125272,125275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125269,1377],{"class":53},[47,125271,58],{"class":57},[47,125273,125274],{"class":61}," '''",[47,125276,125277],{"class":65},"Line 1\n",[47,125279,125280],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125281,125282],{"class":65},"Line 2\n",[47,125284,125285,125288],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125286,125287],{"class":65},"Line 3",[47,125289,125290],{"class":61},"'''\n",[47,125292,125293],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,125294,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,125296,125297,125299,125301,125303],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125298,95],{"class":94},[47,125300,99],{"class":98},[47,125302,1394],{"class":102},[47,125304,106],{"class":98},[20,125306,125307],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125309,125310],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[33,125312,125314],{"id":125313},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125316,850,125317,125319],{},[15,125318,798],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125321,125322],{},"Example with a number:",[38,125324,125326],{"className":40,"code":125325,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125327,125328,125342,125352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125329,125330,125332,125334,125336,125338,125340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125331,34884],{"class":53},[47,125333,58],{"class":57},[47,125335,1789],{"class":1788},[47,125337,99],{"class":98},[47,125339,46713],{"class":80},[47,125341,106],{"class":98},[47,125343,125344,125346,125348,125350],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125345,95],{"class":94},[47,125347,99],{"class":98},[47,125349,192],{"class":102},[47,125351,106],{"class":98},[47,125353,125354,125356,125358,125360,125362,125364],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125355,95],{"class":94},[47,125357,99],{"class":98},[47,125359,1922],{"class":1788},[47,125361,99],{"class":98},[47,125363,192],{"class":102},[47,125365,1796],{"class":98},[20,125367,144],{},[38,125369,125371],{"className":40,"code":125370,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125372,125373,125377],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125374,125375],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125376,46799],{"class":80},[47,125378,125379,125381,125383,125385,125387,125389],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125380,3482],{"class":57},[47,125382,3485],{"class":2266},[47,125384,3488],{"class":61},[47,125386,3636],{"class":65},[47,125388,3493],{"class":61},[47,125390,3496],{"class":57},[20,125392,125393],{},"You can also convert other values:",[38,125395,125397],{"className":40,"code":125396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125398,125399,125413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125400,125401,125403,125405,125407,125409,125411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125402,95],{"class":94},[47,125404,99],{"class":98},[47,125406,3636],{"class":1788},[47,125408,99],{"class":98},[47,125410,3795],{"class":1334},[47,125412,1796],{"class":98},[47,125414,125415,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125416,95],{"class":94},[47,125418,99],{"class":98},[47,125420,3636],{"class":1788},[47,125422,99],{"class":98},[47,125424,518],{"class":80},[47,125426,1796],{"class":98},[20,125428,125429],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[38,125431,125433],{"className":40,"code":125432,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125434,125435,125443,125465,125469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125436,125437,125439,125441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125438,75],{"class":53},[47,125440,58],{"class":57},[47,125442,45416],{"class":80},[47,125444,125445,125447,125449,125451,125453,125455,125457,125459,125461,125463],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125446,1377],{"class":53},[47,125448,58],{"class":57},[47,125450,62],{"class":61},[47,125452,771],{"class":65},[47,125454,128],{"class":61},[47,125456,246],{"class":57},[47,125458,1789],{"class":1788},[47,125460,99],{"class":98},[47,125462,116],{"class":102},[47,125464,106],{"class":98},[47,125466,125467],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125468,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,125470,125471,125473,125475,125477],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,125472,95],{"class":94},[47,125474,99],{"class":98},[47,125476,1394],{"class":102},[47,125478,106],{"class":98},[20,125480,125481,125482,3072,125486,445],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[594,125483,13,125484,2088],{"href":795},[15,125485,798],{},[594,125487,125488],{"href":123200},"how to convert int to string in Python",[33,125490,125492],{"id":125491},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125494,125495],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125497,125498],{},"Both of these are valid:",[38,125500,125502],{"className":40,"code":125501,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125503,125504,125516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125505,125506,125508,125510,125512,125514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125507,2750],{"class":53},[47,125509,58],{"class":57},[47,125511,3488],{"class":61},[47,125513,7492],{"class":65},[47,125515,29898],{"class":61},[47,125517,125518,125520,125522,125524,125526],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125519,2777],{"class":53},[47,125521,58],{"class":57},[47,125523,62],{"class":61},[47,125525,7492],{"class":65},[47,125527,69],{"class":61},[20,125529,125530],{},"A common rule is:",[187,125532,125533,125536,125539],{},[190,125534,125535],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[190,125537,125538],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[190,125540,125541],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125543,204],{},[38,125545,125547],{"className":40,"code":125546,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125548,125549,125563,125577,125581,125592],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125550,125551,125554,125556,125558,125561],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125552,125553],{"class":53},"text1 ",[47,125555,58],{"class":57},[47,125557,62],{"class":61},[47,125559,125560],{"class":65},"It's working",[47,125562,69],{"class":61},[47,125564,125565,125568,125570,125572,125575],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125566,125567],{"class":53},"text2 ",[47,125569,58],{"class":57},[47,125571,3488],{"class":61},[47,125573,125574],{"class":65},"She said \"hello\"",[47,125576,29898],{"class":61},[47,125578,125579],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125580,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,125582,125583,125585,125587,125590],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,125584,95],{"class":94},[47,125586,99],{"class":98},[47,125588,125589],{"class":102},"text1",[47,125591,106],{"class":98},[47,125593,125594,125596,125598,125601],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125595,95],{"class":94},[47,125597,99],{"class":98},[47,125599,125600],{"class":102},"text2",[47,125602,106],{"class":98},[20,125604,125605],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[33,125607,125609],{"id":125608},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125611,125612],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125614,125615],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[38,125617,125619],{"className":40,"code":125618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125620,125621,125626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125622,125623],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125624,125625],{"class":3857},"# This will cause an error\n",[47,125627,125628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125629,125630],{"class":3857},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125632,125633,125634,1817,125636,125639],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125635,3493],{},[15,125637,125638],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125641,125642],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[38,125644,125646],{"className":40,"code":125645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125647,125648,125667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125649,125650,125652,125654,125656,125659,125662,125665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125651,34884],{"class":53},[47,125653,58],{"class":57},[47,125655,3488],{"class":61},[47,125657,125658],{"class":65},"It",[47,125660,125661],{"class":1213},"\\'",[47,125663,125664],{"class":65},"s working",[47,125666,29898],{"class":61},[47,125668,125669,125671,125673,125675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125670,95],{"class":94},[47,125672,99],{"class":98},[47,125674,192],{"class":102},[47,125676,106],{"class":98},[20,125678,125679],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[38,125681,125683],{"className":40,"code":125682,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125684,125685,125697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125686,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125688,34884],{"class":53},[47,125690,58],{"class":57},[47,125692,62],{"class":61},[47,125694,125560],{"class":65},[47,125696,69],{"class":61},[47,125698,125699,125701,125703,125705],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125700,95],{"class":94},[47,125702,99],{"class":98},[47,125704,192],{"class":102},[47,125706,106],{"class":98},[20,125708,125709],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125711,125712,125713,445],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[594,125714,125716],{"href":125715},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[33,125718,1595],{"id":1594},[20,125720,125721],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[447,125723,1604],{"id":1603},[20,125725,125726],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[38,125728,125730],{"className":40,"code":125729,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125731,125732,125736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125733,125734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125735,125625],{"class":3857},[47,125737,125738],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125739,125740],{"class":3857},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125742,125743,125744,8794,125747,125749],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125745,125746],{},"NameError",[15,125748,5201],{}," is not defined.",[20,125751,1631],{},[38,125753,125755],{"className":40,"code":125754,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125756,125757,125769],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125758,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125760,54],{"class":53},[47,125762,58],{"class":57},[47,125764,62],{"class":61},[47,125766,5201],{"class":65},[47,125768,69],{"class":61},[47,125770,125771,125773,125775,125777],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125772,95],{"class":94},[47,125774,99],{"class":98},[47,125776,103],{"class":102},[47,125778,106],{"class":98},[447,125780,125782],{"id":125781},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125784,125785],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[38,125787,125789],{"className":40,"code":125788,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125790,125791,125795],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125792,125793],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125794,125625],{"class":3857},[47,125796,125797],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125798,125799],{"class":3857},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125801,125802],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[38,125804,125806],{"className":40,"code":125805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125807,125808,125825,125838,125842,125852],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125809,125810,125812,125814,125816,125818,125820,125823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125811,125553],{"class":53},[47,125813,58],{"class":57},[47,125815,3488],{"class":61},[47,125817,125658],{"class":65},[47,125819,125661],{"class":1213},[47,125821,125822],{"class":65},"s good",[47,125824,29898],{"class":61},[47,125826,125827,125829,125831,125833,125836],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125828,125567],{"class":53},[47,125830,58],{"class":57},[47,125832,62],{"class":61},[47,125834,125835],{"class":65},"It's good",[47,125837,69],{"class":61},[47,125839,125840],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125841,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,125843,125844,125846,125848,125850],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,125845,95],{"class":94},[47,125847,99],{"class":98},[47,125849,125589],{"class":102},[47,125851,106],{"class":98},[47,125853,125854,125856,125858,125860],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125855,95],{"class":94},[47,125857,99],{"class":98},[47,125859,125600],{"class":102},[47,125861,106],{"class":98},[447,125863,125865],{"id":125864},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125867,125868],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[38,125870,125872],{"className":40,"code":125871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125873,125874,125886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125875,125876,125878,125880,125882,125884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125877,34884],{"class":53},[47,125879,58],{"class":57},[47,125881,125229],{"class":61},[47,125883,4038],{"class":65},[47,125885,43526],{"class":61},[47,125887,125888,125890,125892,125894],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125889,95],{"class":94},[47,125891,99],{"class":98},[47,125893,192],{"class":102},[47,125895,106],{"class":98},[20,125897,125898],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[38,125900,125902],{"className":40,"code":125901,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125903,125904,125916],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125905,125906,125908,125910,125912,125914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125907,34884],{"class":53},[47,125909,58],{"class":57},[47,125911,62],{"class":61},[47,125913,4038],{"class":65},[47,125915,69],{"class":61},[47,125917,125918,125920,125922,125924],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125919,95],{"class":94},[47,125921,99],{"class":98},[47,125923,192],{"class":102},[47,125925,106],{"class":98},[447,125927,4774,125929,839,125931,125933],{"id":125928},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125930,50432],{},[15,125932,50482],{}," are the same type",[20,125935,125936],{},"They are different:",[38,125938,125940],{"className":40,"code":125939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125941,125942,125951,125964,125968,125982],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,125943,125944,125947,125949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,125945,125946],{"class":53},"value1 ",[47,125948,58],{"class":57},[47,125950,124957],{"class":80},[47,125952,125953,125956,125958,125960,125962],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,125954,125955],{"class":53},"value2 ",[47,125957,58],{"class":57},[47,125959,62],{"class":61},[47,125961,50432],{"class":65},[47,125963,69],{"class":61},[47,125965,125966],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,125967,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,125969,125970,125972,125974,125976,125978,125980],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,125971,95],{"class":94},[47,125973,99],{"class":98},[47,125975,1922],{"class":1788},[47,125977,99],{"class":98},[47,125979,84952],{"class":102},[47,125981,1796],{"class":98},[47,125983,125984,125986,125988,125990,125992,125995],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,125985,95],{"class":94},[47,125987,99],{"class":98},[47,125989,1922],{"class":1788},[47,125991,99],{"class":98},[47,125993,125994],{"class":102},"value2",[47,125996,1796],{"class":98},[20,125998,144],{},[38,126000,126002],{"className":40,"code":126001,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126003,126004,126018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126005,126006,126008,126010,126012,126014,126016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126007,3482],{"class":57},[47,126009,3485],{"class":2266},[47,126011,3488],{"class":61},[47,126013,2389],{"class":65},[47,126015,3493],{"class":61},[47,126017,3496],{"class":57},[47,126019,126020,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126021,3482],{"class":57},[47,126023,3485],{"class":2266},[47,126025,3488],{"class":61},[47,126027,3636],{"class":65},[47,126029,3493],{"class":61},[47,126031,3496],{"class":57},[447,126033,126035],{"id":126034},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126037,126038],{},"This causes a type error:",[38,126040,126042],{"className":40,"code":126041,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126043,126044,126048,126053],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126045,126046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126047,125625],{"class":3857},[47,126049,126050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126051,126052],{"class":3857},"# age = 10\n",[47,126054,126055],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,126056,126057],{"class":3857},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126059,126060,126061,420],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126062,798],{},[38,126064,126066],{"className":40,"code":126065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126067,126068,126076,126098,126102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126069,126070,126072,126074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126071,75],{"class":53},[47,126073,58],{"class":57},[47,126075,423],{"class":80},[47,126077,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086,126088,126090,126092,126094,126096],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126079,1377],{"class":53},[47,126081,58],{"class":57},[47,126083,62],{"class":61},[47,126085,771],{"class":65},[47,126087,128],{"class":61},[47,126089,246],{"class":57},[47,126091,1789],{"class":1788},[47,126093,99],{"class":98},[47,126095,116],{"class":102},[47,126097,106],{"class":98},[47,126099,126100],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,126101,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,126103,126104,126106,126108,126110],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,126105,95],{"class":94},[47,126107,99],{"class":98},[47,126109,1394],{"class":102},[47,126111,106],{"class":98},[20,126113,126114,126115,445],{},"For this specific error, see ",[594,126116,1803],{"href":1802},[447,126118,60895],{"id":60894},[20,126120,126121],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[38,126123,126125],{"className":40,"code":126124,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126126,126127,126139,126143,126153,126167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126128,126129,126131,126133,126135,126137],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126130,34884],{"class":53},[47,126132,58],{"class":57},[47,126134,62],{"class":61},[47,126136,4038],{"class":65},[47,126138,69],{"class":61},[47,126140,126141],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126142,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,126144,126145,126147,126149,126151],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,126146,95],{"class":94},[47,126148,99],{"class":98},[47,126150,192],{"class":102},[47,126152,106],{"class":98},[47,126154,126155,126157,126159,126161,126163,126165],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,126156,95],{"class":94},[47,126158,99],{"class":98},[47,126160,1922],{"class":1788},[47,126162,99],{"class":98},[47,126164,192],{"class":102},[47,126166,1796],{"class":98},[47,126168,126169,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,126170,95],{"class":94},[47,126172,99],{"class":98},[47,126174,41969],{"class":94},[47,126176,99],{"class":98},[47,126178,192],{"class":102},[47,126180,1796],{"class":98},[187,126182,126183,126188,126193],{},[190,126184,126185,46466],{},[15,126186,126187],{},"print(text)",[190,126189,126190,46471],{},[15,126191,126192],{},"print(type(text))",[190,126194,126195,126198],{},[15,126196,126197],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[33,126200,1969],{"id":1968},[447,126202,126204],{"id":126203},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126206,126207,126208,3072,126211,445],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126209,126210],{},"'hello'",[15,126212,64720],{},[447,126214,126216],{"id":126215},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126218,126219],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[447,126221,126223],{"id":126222},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126225,167,126226,3072,126228,445],{},[15,126227,1151],{},[15,126229,3966],{},[447,126231,126233],{"id":126232},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126235,167,126236,126238,126239,126241,126242,445],{},[15,126237,798],{},", like ",[15,126240,80563],{},", which returns ",[15,126243,42316],{},[447,126245,126247],{"id":126246},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126249,126250],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[33,126252,2075],{"id":2074},[187,126254,126255,126259,126265,126270,126279,126283],{},[190,126256,126257],{},[594,126258,125030],{"href":596},[190,126260,126261],{},[594,126262,13,126263,2088],{"href":795},[15,126264,798],{},[190,126266,126267],{},[594,126268,126269],{"href":123200},"How to convert int to string in Python",[190,126271,126272],{},[594,126273,126275,126276,10934],{"href":126274},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126277,126278],{},"format()",[190,126280,126281],{},[594,126282,125716],{"href":125715},[190,126284,126285],{},[594,126286,1803],{"href":1802},[2110,126288,126289],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":126291},[126292,126293,126294,126295,126296,126297,126298,126299,126300,126309,126316],{"id":15356,"depth":72,"text":15357},{"id":124869,"depth":72,"text":124870},{"id":125033,"depth":72,"text":125034},{"id":125108,"depth":72,"text":125109},{"id":125208,"depth":72,"text":125209},{"id":125313,"depth":72,"text":125314},{"id":125491,"depth":72,"text":125492},{"id":125608,"depth":72,"text":125609},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":126301},[126302,126303,126304,126305,126307,126308],{"id":1603,"depth":84,"text":1604},{"id":125781,"depth":84,"text":125782},{"id":125864,"depth":84,"text":125865},{"id":125928,"depth":84,"text":126306},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126034,"depth":84,"text":126035},{"id":60894,"depth":84,"text":60895},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":126310},[126311,126312,126313,126314,126315],{"id":126203,"depth":84,"text":126204},{"id":126215,"depth":84,"text":126216},{"id":126222,"depth":84,"text":126223},{"id":126232,"depth":84,"text":126233},{"id":126246,"depth":84,"text":126247},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124731,"description":126317},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126324,"title":126325,"body":126326,"description":128240,"extension":2167,"meta":128241,"navigation":87,"path":128242,"seo":128243,"stem":128244,"__hash__":128245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126327,"toc":128201},[126328,126334,126339,126347,126349,126416,126418,126430,126439,126444,126448,126465,126467,126532,126534,126546,126551,126553,126581,126602,126605,126644,126646,126654,126658,126662,126666,126674,126677,126718,126720,126728,126731,126788,126790,126798,126802,126807,126851,126853,126861,126870,126874,126879,126927,126929,126937,126943,126945,126949,126961,126966,127045,127047,127067,127071,127075,127115,127117,127125,127129,127172,127174,127182,127186,127226,127228,127236,127240,127296,127298,127306,127312,127314,127318,127328,127395,127397,127410,127417,127460,127462,127470,127474,127477,127533,127535,127543,127546,127548,127625,127627,127635,127644,127646,127650,127654,127656,127678,127681,127728,127732,127771,127773,127781,127783,127825,127832,127837,127899,127901,127913,127919,127924,127973,127975,127994,128000,128002,128021,128023,128114,128116,128122,128129,128135,128141,128146,128155,128162,128170,128172,128198],[10,126329,123275,126331,11516],{"id":126330},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126332,126333],{},"endswith()",[20,126335,123280,126336,126338],{},[15,126337,126333],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126340,126341,126342,3072,126344,126346],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126343,3795],{},[15,126345,3868],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[33,126348,36],{"id":35},[38,126350,126352],{"className":40,"code":126351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126353,126354,126368,126393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126355,126356,126359,126361,126363,126366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126357,126358],{"class":53},"filename ",[47,126360,58],{"class":57},[47,126362,62],{"class":61},[47,126364,126365],{"class":65},"report.csv",[47,126367,69],{"class":61},[47,126369,126370,126372,126374,126377,126379,126382,126384,126386,126389,126391],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126371,95],{"class":94},[47,126373,99],{"class":98},[47,126375,126376],{"class":102},"filename",[47,126378,445],{"class":98},[47,126380,126381],{"class":102},"endswith",[47,126383,99],{"class":98},[47,126385,128],{"class":61},[47,126387,126388],{"class":65},".csv",[47,126390,128],{"class":61},[47,126392,1796],{"class":98},[47,126394,126395,126397,126399,126401,126403,126405,126407,126409,126412,126414],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,126396,95],{"class":94},[47,126398,99],{"class":98},[47,126400,126376],{"class":102},[47,126402,445],{"class":98},[47,126404,126381],{"class":102},[47,126406,99],{"class":98},[47,126408,128],{"class":61},[47,126410,126411],{"class":65},".txt",[47,126413,128],{"class":61},[47,126415,1796],{"class":98},[20,126417,144],{},[38,126419,126420],{"className":40,"code":44364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126421,126422,126426],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126423,126424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126425,4172],{"class":1334},[47,126427,126428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126429,4233],{"class":1334},[20,126431,167,126432,5564,126434,3072,126436,126438],{},[15,126433,126333],{},[15,126435,3795],{},[15,126437,3868],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[33,126440,174,126442,177],{"id":126441},"what-endswith-does",[15,126443,126333],{},[20,126445,126446,420],{},[15,126447,126333],{},[187,126449,126450,126453,126459,126462],{},[190,126451,126452],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[190,126454,11618,126455,3072,126457],{},[15,126456,3795],{},[15,126458,3868],{},[190,126460,126461],{},"Does not change the original string",[190,126463,126464],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126466,204],{},[38,126468,126470],{"className":40,"code":126469,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126471,126472,126484,126488,126510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126473,126474,126476,126478,126480,126482],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126475,34884],{"class":53},[47,126477,58],{"class":57},[47,126479,62],{"class":61},[47,126481,60591],{"class":65},[47,126483,69],{"class":61},[47,126485,126486],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126487,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,126489,126490,126492,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506,126508],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,126491,95],{"class":94},[47,126493,99],{"class":98},[47,126495,192],{"class":102},[47,126497,445],{"class":98},[47,126499,126381],{"class":102},[47,126501,99],{"class":98},[47,126503,128],{"class":61},[47,126505,60776],{"class":65},[47,126507,128],{"class":61},[47,126509,1796],{"class":98},[47,126511,126512,126514,126516,126518,126520,126522,126524,126526,126528,126530],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,126513,95],{"class":94},[47,126515,99],{"class":98},[47,126517,192],{"class":102},[47,126519,445],{"class":98},[47,126521,126381],{"class":102},[47,126523,99],{"class":98},[47,126525,128],{"class":61},[47,126527,4038],{"class":65},[47,126529,128],{"class":61},[47,126531,1796],{"class":98},[20,126533,144],{},[38,126535,126536],{"className":40,"code":44364,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126537,126538,126542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126539,126540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126541,4172],{"class":1334},[47,126543,126544],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126545,4233],{"class":1334},[20,126547,126548,126549,445],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[594,126550,125030],{"href":596},[33,126552,290],{"id":289},[38,126554,126556],{"className":40,"code":126555,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126557,126558],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126559,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126571,126573,126575,126577,126579],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126561,61359],{"class":53},[47,126563,445],{"class":98},[47,126565,126381],{"class":102},[47,126567,99],{"class":98},[47,126569,126570],{"class":102},"suffix",[47,126572,136],{"class":98},[47,126574,36245],{"class":102},[47,126576,136],{"class":98},[47,126578,1146],{"class":102},[47,126580,106],{"class":98},[187,126582,126583,126588,126595],{},[190,126584,126585,126587],{},[15,126586,126570],{}," is required",[190,126589,126590,839,126592,126594],{},[15,126591,36266],{},[15,126593,820],{}," are optional",[190,126596,126597,839,126599,126601],{},[15,126598,36266],{},[15,126600,820],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126603,126604],{},"Basic example:",[38,126606,126608],{"className":40,"code":126607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126609,126610,126622],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126611,126612,126614,126616,126618,126620],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126613,126358],{"class":53},[47,126615,58],{"class":57},[47,126617,62],{"class":61},[47,126619,87073],{"class":65},[47,126621,69],{"class":61},[47,126623,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126625,95],{"class":94},[47,126627,99],{"class":98},[47,126629,126376],{"class":102},[47,126631,445],{"class":98},[47,126633,126381],{"class":102},[47,126635,99],{"class":98},[47,126637,128],{"class":61},[47,126639,126411],{"class":65},[47,126641,128],{"class":61},[47,126643,1796],{"class":98},[20,126645,144],{},[38,126647,126648],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126649,126650],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126651,126652],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126653,4172],{"class":1334},[33,126655,126657],{"id":126656},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[447,126659,126660],{"id":126570},[15,126661,126570],{},[20,126663,126664,30948],{},[15,126665,126570],{},[187,126667,126668,126671],{},[190,126669,126670],{},"A single string",[190,126672,126673],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126675,126676],{},"Single suffix:",[38,126678,126680],{"className":40,"code":126679,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126681,126682,126695],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126683,126684,126686,126688,126690,126693],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126685,54],{"class":53},[47,126687,58],{"class":57},[47,126689,62],{"class":61},[47,126691,126692],{"class":65},"image.png",[47,126694,69],{"class":61},[47,126696,126697,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126714,126716],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126698,95],{"class":94},[47,126700,99],{"class":98},[47,126702,103],{"class":102},[47,126704,445],{"class":98},[47,126706,126381],{"class":102},[47,126708,99],{"class":98},[47,126710,128],{"class":61},[47,126712,126713],{"class":65},".png",[47,126715,128],{"class":61},[47,126717,1796],{"class":98},[20,126719,144],{},[38,126721,126722],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126723,126724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126725,126726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126727,4172],{"class":1334},[20,126729,126730],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[38,126732,126734],{"className":40,"code":126733,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126735,126736,126748],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126737,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126739,54],{"class":53},[47,126741,58],{"class":57},[47,126743,62],{"class":61},[47,126745,126692],{"class":65},[47,126747,69],{"class":61},[47,126749,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758,126760,126762,126764,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777,126779,126781,126784,126786],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126751,95],{"class":94},[47,126753,99],{"class":98},[47,126755,103],{"class":102},[47,126757,445],{"class":98},[47,126759,126381],{"class":102},[47,126761,5705],{"class":98},[47,126763,128],{"class":61},[47,126765,126766],{"class":65},".jpg",[47,126768,128],{"class":61},[47,126770,136],{"class":98},[47,126772,62],{"class":61},[47,126774,126713],{"class":65},[47,126776,128],{"class":61},[47,126778,136],{"class":98},[47,126780,62],{"class":61},[47,126782,126783],{"class":65},".gif",[47,126785,128],{"class":61},[47,126787,3106],{"class":98},[20,126789,144],{},[38,126791,126792],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126793,126794],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126795,126796],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126797,4172],{"class":1334},[447,126799,126800],{"id":36266},[15,126801,36266],{},[20,126803,126804,126806],{},[15,126805,36266],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[38,126808,126810],{"className":40,"code":126809,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126811,126812,126825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126813,126814,126816,126818,126820,126823],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126815,34884],{"class":53},[47,126817,58],{"class":57},[47,126819,62],{"class":61},[47,126821,126822],{"class":65},"my_report.csv",[47,126824,69],{"class":61},[47,126826,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126828,95],{"class":94},[47,126830,99],{"class":98},[47,126832,192],{"class":102},[47,126834,445],{"class":98},[47,126836,126381],{"class":102},[47,126838,99],{"class":98},[47,126840,128],{"class":61},[47,126842,126388],{"class":65},[47,126844,128],{"class":61},[47,126846,136],{"class":98},[47,126848,249],{"class":80},[47,126850,1796],{"class":98},[20,126852,144],{},[38,126854,126855],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126856,126857],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126858,126859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126860,4172],{"class":1334},[20,126862,126863,126864,126866,126867,445],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126865,2263],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126868,126869],{},"\"report.csv\"",[447,126871,126872],{"id":820},[15,126873,820],{},[20,126875,126876,126878],{},[15,126877,820],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[38,126880,126882],{"className":40,"code":126881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126883,126884,126897],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126885,126886,126888,126890,126892,126895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126887,34884],{"class":53},[47,126889,58],{"class":57},[47,126891,62],{"class":61},[47,126893,126894],{"class":65},"report.csv backup",[47,126896,69],{"class":61},[47,126898,126899,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909,126911,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923,126925],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126900,95],{"class":94},[47,126902,99],{"class":98},[47,126904,192],{"class":102},[47,126906,445],{"class":98},[47,126908,126381],{"class":102},[47,126910,99],{"class":98},[47,126912,128],{"class":61},[47,126914,126388],{"class":65},[47,126916,128],{"class":61},[47,126918,136],{"class":98},[47,126920,4026],{"class":80},[47,126922,136],{"class":98},[47,126924,373],{"class":80},[47,126926,1796],{"class":98},[20,126928,144],{},[38,126930,126931],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,126932,126933],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126934,126935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126936,4172],{"class":1334},[20,126938,126939,126940,126942],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126941,126869],{}," and ignores the rest.",[33,126944,17615],{"id":17614},[20,126946,126947,25707],{},[15,126948,126333],{},[187,126950,126951,126956],{},[190,126952,126953,126955],{},[15,126954,3795],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[190,126957,126958,126960],{},[15,126959,3868],{}," if it does not",[20,126962,126963,126964,7367],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126965,7192],{},[38,126967,126969],{"className":40,"code":126968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126970,126971,126984,126988,127009,127024,127030],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,126972,126973,126975,126977,126979,126982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,126974,126358],{"class":53},[47,126976,58],{"class":57},[47,126978,62],{"class":61},[47,126980,126981],{"class":65},"data.csv",[47,126983,69],{"class":61},[47,126985,126986],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,126987,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,126989,126990,126992,126995,126997,126999,127001,127003,127005,127007],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,126991,7192],{"class":1461},[47,126993,126994],{"class":53}," filename",[47,126996,445],{"class":98},[47,126998,126381],{"class":102},[47,127000,99],{"class":98},[47,127002,128],{"class":61},[47,127004,126388],{"class":65},[47,127006,128],{"class":61},[47,127008,1483],{"class":98},[47,127010,127011,127013,127015,127017,127020,127022],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,127012,1499],{"class":94},[47,127014,99],{"class":98},[47,127016,128],{"class":61},[47,127018,127019],{"class":65},"This is a CSV file.",[47,127021,128],{"class":61},[47,127023,106],{"class":98},[47,127025,127026,127028],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,127027,27633],{"class":1461},[47,127029,6586],{"class":98},[47,127031,127032,127034,127036,127038,127041,127043],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,127033,1499],{"class":94},[47,127035,99],{"class":98},[47,127037,128],{"class":61},[47,127039,127040],{"class":65},"This is not a CSV file.",[47,127042,128],{"class":61},[47,127044,106],{"class":98},[20,127046,144],{},[38,127048,127050],{"className":40,"code":127049,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127051,127052],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127053,127054,127056,127058,127060,127063,127065],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127055,50065],{"class":53},[47,127057,12388],{"class":57},[47,127059,44735],{"class":53},[47,127061,127062],{"class":1213},"CSV",[47,127064,86815],{"class":86814},[47,127066,122307],{"class":98},[33,127068,127070],{"id":127069},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[447,127072,127074],{"id":127073},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[38,127076,127078],{"className":40,"code":127077,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127079,127080,127093],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127081,127082,127084,127086,127088,127091],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127083,126358],{"class":53},[47,127085,58],{"class":57},[47,127087,62],{"class":61},[47,127089,127090],{"class":65},"sales.csv",[47,127092,69],{"class":61},[47,127094,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127096,95],{"class":94},[47,127098,99],{"class":98},[47,127100,126376],{"class":102},[47,127102,445],{"class":98},[47,127104,126381],{"class":102},[47,127106,99],{"class":98},[47,127108,128],{"class":61},[47,127110,126388],{"class":65},[47,127112,128],{"class":61},[47,127114,1796],{"class":98},[20,127116,144],{},[38,127118,127119],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127120,127121],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127122,127123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127124,4172],{"class":1334},[447,127126,127128],{"id":127127},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[38,127130,127132],{"className":40,"code":127131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127133,127134,127148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127135,127136,127139,127141,127143,127146],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127137,127138],{"class":53},"url ",[47,127140,58],{"class":57},[47,127142,62],{"class":61},[47,127144,127145],{"class":65},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[47,127147,69],{"class":61},[47,127149,127150,127152,127154,127157,127159,127161,127163,127165,127168,127170],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127151,95],{"class":94},[47,127153,99],{"class":98},[47,127155,127156],{"class":102},"url",[47,127158,445],{"class":98},[47,127160,126381],{"class":102},[47,127162,99],{"class":98},[47,127164,128],{"class":61},[47,127166,127167],{"class":65},"\u002F",[47,127169,128],{"class":61},[47,127171,1796],{"class":98},[20,127173,144],{},[38,127175,127176],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127177,127178],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127179,127180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127181,4172],{"class":1334},[447,127183,127185],{"id":127184},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[38,127187,127189],{"className":40,"code":127188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127190,127191,127204],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127192,127193,127195,127197,127199,127202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127194,1377],{"class":53},[47,127196,58],{"class":57},[47,127198,62],{"class":61},[47,127200,127201],{"class":65},"Hello!",[47,127203,69],{"class":61},[47,127205,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222,127224],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127207,95],{"class":94},[47,127209,99],{"class":98},[47,127211,1394],{"class":102},[47,127213,445],{"class":98},[47,127215,126381],{"class":102},[47,127217,99],{"class":98},[47,127219,128],{"class":61},[47,127221,1210],{"class":65},[47,127223,128],{"class":61},[47,127225,1796],{"class":98},[20,127227,144],{},[38,127229,127230],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127231,127232],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127233,127234],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127235,4172],{"class":1334},[447,127237,127239],{"id":127238},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[38,127241,127243],{"className":40,"code":127242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127244,127245,127258],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127246,127247,127249,127251,127253,127256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127248,126358],{"class":53},[47,127250,58],{"class":57},[47,127252,62],{"class":61},[47,127254,127255],{"class":65},"photo.jpg",[47,127257,69],{"class":61},[47,127259,127260,127262,127264,127266,127268,127270,127272,127274,127276,127278,127280,127282,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127261,95],{"class":94},[47,127263,99],{"class":98},[47,127265,126376],{"class":102},[47,127267,445],{"class":98},[47,127269,126381],{"class":102},[47,127271,5705],{"class":98},[47,127273,128],{"class":61},[47,127275,126766],{"class":65},[47,127277,128],{"class":61},[47,127279,136],{"class":98},[47,127281,62],{"class":61},[47,127283,126713],{"class":65},[47,127285,128],{"class":61},[47,127287,136],{"class":98},[47,127289,62],{"class":61},[47,127291,126783],{"class":65},[47,127293,128],{"class":61},[47,127295,3106],{"class":98},[20,127297,144],{},[38,127299,127300],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127301,127302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127303,127304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127305,4172],{"class":1334},[20,127307,127308,127309,445],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[594,127310,127311],{"href":123530},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,127313,123922],{"id":123921},[20,127315,127316,123733],{},[15,127317,126333],{},[20,127319,127320,127321,839,127324,127327],{},"That means ",[15,127322,127323],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127325,127326],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[38,127329,127331],{"className":40,"code":127330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127332,127333,127346,127350,127372],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127334,127335,127337,127339,127341,127344],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127336,126358],{"class":53},[47,127338,58],{"class":57},[47,127340,62],{"class":61},[47,127342,127343],{"class":65},"REPORT.CSV",[47,127345,69],{"class":61},[47,127347,127348],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127349,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,127351,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366,127368,127370],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,127353,95],{"class":94},[47,127355,99],{"class":98},[47,127357,126376],{"class":102},[47,127359,445],{"class":98},[47,127361,126381],{"class":102},[47,127363,99],{"class":98},[47,127365,128],{"class":61},[47,127367,126388],{"class":65},[47,127369,128],{"class":61},[47,127371,1796],{"class":98},[47,127373,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386,127388,127391,127393],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,127375,95],{"class":94},[47,127377,99],{"class":98},[47,127379,126376],{"class":102},[47,127381,445],{"class":98},[47,127383,126381],{"class":102},[47,127385,99],{"class":98},[47,127387,128],{"class":61},[47,127389,127390],{"class":65},".CSV",[47,127392,128],{"class":61},[47,127394,1796],{"class":98},[20,127396,144],{},[38,127398,127400],{"className":40,"code":127399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127401,127402,127406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127403,127404],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127405,4233],{"class":1334},[47,127407,127408],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127409,4172],{"class":1334},[20,127411,127412,127413,445],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[594,127414,127415],{"href":124002},[15,127416,124005],{},[38,127418,127420],{"className":40,"code":127419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127421,127422,127434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127423,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127425,126358],{"class":53},[47,127427,58],{"class":57},[47,127429,62],{"class":61},[47,127431,127343],{"class":65},[47,127433,69],{"class":61},[47,127435,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127437,95],{"class":94},[47,127439,99],{"class":98},[47,127441,126376],{"class":102},[47,127443,445],{"class":98},[47,127445,8833],{"class":102},[47,127447,8830],{"class":98},[47,127449,126381],{"class":102},[47,127451,99],{"class":98},[47,127453,128],{"class":61},[47,127455,126388],{"class":65},[47,127457,128],{"class":61},[47,127459,1796],{"class":98},[20,127461,144],{},[38,127463,127464],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127465,127466],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127467,127468],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127469,4172],{"class":1334},[33,127471,127473],{"id":127472},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127475,127476],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[38,127478,127480],{"className":40,"code":127479,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127481,127482,127495],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127483,127484,127486,127488,127490,127493],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127485,126358],{"class":53},[47,127487,58],{"class":57},[47,127489,62],{"class":61},[47,127491,127492],{"class":65},"picture.gif",[47,127494,69],{"class":61},[47,127496,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127498,95],{"class":94},[47,127500,99],{"class":98},[47,127502,126376],{"class":102},[47,127504,445],{"class":98},[47,127506,126381],{"class":102},[47,127508,5705],{"class":98},[47,127510,128],{"class":61},[47,127512,126766],{"class":65},[47,127514,128],{"class":61},[47,127516,136],{"class":98},[47,127518,62],{"class":61},[47,127520,126713],{"class":65},[47,127522,128],{"class":61},[47,127524,136],{"class":98},[47,127526,62],{"class":61},[47,127528,126783],{"class":65},[47,127530,128],{"class":61},[47,127532,3106],{"class":98},[20,127534,144],{},[38,127536,127537],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127538,127539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127540,127541],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127542,4172],{"class":1334},[20,127544,127545],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127547,52265],{},[38,127549,127551],{"className":40,"code":127550,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127552,127553,127566,127601,127605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127554,127555,127558,127560,127562,127564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127556,127557],{"class":53},"document ",[47,127559,58],{"class":57},[47,127561,62],{"class":61},[47,127563,87073],{"class":65},[47,127565,69],{"class":61},[47,127567,127568,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585,127588,127590,127592,127594,127597,127599],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127569,127570],{"class":53},"allowed ",[47,127572,58],{"class":57},[47,127574,9428],{"class":98},[47,127576,128],{"class":61},[47,127578,126411],{"class":65},[47,127580,128],{"class":61},[47,127582,136],{"class":98},[47,127584,62],{"class":61},[47,127586,127587],{"class":65},".md",[47,127589,128],{"class":61},[47,127591,136],{"class":98},[47,127593,62],{"class":61},[47,127595,127596],{"class":65},".docx",[47,127598,128],{"class":61},[47,127600,106],{"class":98},[47,127602,127603],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,127604,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,127606,127607,127609,127611,127614,127616,127618,127620,127623],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,127608,95],{"class":94},[47,127610,99],{"class":98},[47,127612,127613],{"class":102},"document",[47,127615,445],{"class":98},[47,127617,126381],{"class":102},[47,127619,99],{"class":98},[47,127621,127622],{"class":102},"allowed",[47,127624,1796],{"class":98},[20,127626,144],{},[38,127628,127629],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127630,127631],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127632,127633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127634,4172],{"class":1334},[20,127636,127637,127638,445],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[594,127639,126275,127641,10934],{"href":127640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127642,127643],{},"startswith()",[33,127645,1595],{"id":1594},[20,127647,8640,127648,445],{},[15,127649,126333],{},[447,127651,127653],{"id":127652},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127655,4720],{},[38,127657,127659],{"className":40,"code":127658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127660,127661,127673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127662,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127664,126358],{"class":53},[47,127666,58],{"class":57},[47,127668,62],{"class":61},[47,127670,127255],{"class":65},[47,127672,69],{"class":61},[47,127674,127675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127676,127677],{"class":3857},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127679,127680],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[38,127682,127684],{"className":40,"code":127683,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127685,127686,127698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127687,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127689,126358],{"class":53},[47,127691,58],{"class":57},[47,127693,62],{"class":61},[47,127695,127255],{"class":65},[47,127697,69],{"class":61},[47,127699,127700,127702,127704,127706,127708,127710,127712,127714,127716,127718,127720,127722,127724,127726],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127701,95],{"class":94},[47,127703,99],{"class":98},[47,127705,126376],{"class":102},[47,127707,445],{"class":98},[47,127709,126381],{"class":102},[47,127711,5705],{"class":98},[47,127713,128],{"class":61},[47,127715,126766],{"class":65},[47,127717,128],{"class":61},[47,127719,136],{"class":98},[47,127721,62],{"class":61},[47,127723,126713],{"class":65},[47,127725,128],{"class":61},[47,127727,3106],{"class":98},[447,127729,127731],{"id":127730},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[38,127733,127735],{"className":40,"code":127734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127736,127737,127749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127738,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127740,126358],{"class":53},[47,127742,58],{"class":57},[47,127744,62],{"class":61},[47,127746,127343],{"class":65},[47,127748,69],{"class":61},[47,127750,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127752,95],{"class":94},[47,127754,99],{"class":98},[47,127756,126376],{"class":102},[47,127758,445],{"class":98},[47,127760,126381],{"class":102},[47,127762,99],{"class":98},[47,127764,128],{"class":61},[47,127766,126388],{"class":65},[47,127768,128],{"class":61},[47,127770,1796],{"class":98},[20,127772,144],{},[38,127774,127775],{"className":40,"code":4233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127776,127777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127778,127779],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127780,4233],{"class":1334},[20,127782,39453],{},[38,127784,127785],{"className":40,"code":127419,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127786,127787,127799],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127788,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127790,126358],{"class":53},[47,127792,58],{"class":57},[47,127794,62],{"class":61},[47,127796,127343],{"class":65},[47,127798,69],{"class":61},[47,127800,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127802,95],{"class":94},[47,127804,99],{"class":98},[47,127806,126376],{"class":102},[47,127808,445],{"class":98},[47,127810,8833],{"class":102},[47,127812,8830],{"class":98},[47,127814,126381],{"class":102},[47,127816,99],{"class":98},[47,127818,128],{"class":61},[47,127820,126388],{"class":65},[47,127822,128],{"class":61},[47,127824,1796],{"class":98},[447,127826,37396,127828,8898,127830],{"id":127827},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127829,126333],{},[15,127831,1468],{},[20,127833,127834,127836],{},[15,127835,126333],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[38,127838,127840],{"className":40,"code":127839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127841,127842,127855,127859,127881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127843,127844,127846,127848,127850,127853],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127845,34884],{"class":53},[47,127847,58],{"class":57},[47,127849,62],{"class":61},[47,127851,127852],{"class":65},"my_report.csv.backup",[47,127854,69],{"class":61},[47,127856,127857],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127858,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,127860,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869,127871,127873,127875,127877,127879],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,127862,95],{"class":94},[47,127864,99],{"class":98},[47,127866,192],{"class":102},[47,127868,445],{"class":98},[47,127870,126381],{"class":102},[47,127872,99],{"class":98},[47,127874,128],{"class":61},[47,127876,126388],{"class":65},[47,127878,128],{"class":61},[47,127880,1796],{"class":98},[47,127882,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893,127895,127897],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,127884,95],{"class":94},[47,127886,99],{"class":98},[47,127888,128],{"class":61},[47,127890,126388],{"class":65},[47,127892,128],{"class":61},[47,127894,21371],{"class":1461},[47,127896,43031],{"class":102},[47,127898,106],{"class":98},[20,127900,144],{},[38,127902,127903],{"className":40,"code":127399,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,127904,127905,127909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127906,127907],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127908,4233],{"class":1334},[47,127910,127911],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127912,4172],{"class":1334},[447,127914,1807,127916,127918],{"id":127915},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127917,126333],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127920,127921,127923],{},[15,127922,126333],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[38,127925,127927],{"className":40,"code":127926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127928,127929,127941,127963],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127930,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127932,126358],{"class":53},[47,127934,58],{"class":57},[47,127936,62],{"class":61},[47,127938,126365],{"class":65},[47,127940,69],{"class":61},[47,127942,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127944,95],{"class":94},[47,127946,99],{"class":98},[47,127948,126376],{"class":102},[47,127950,445],{"class":98},[47,127952,126381],{"class":102},[47,127954,99],{"class":98},[47,127956,128],{"class":61},[47,127958,126388],{"class":65},[47,127960,128],{"class":61},[47,127962,1796],{"class":98},[47,127964,127965,127967,127969,127971],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,127966,95],{"class":94},[47,127968,99],{"class":98},[47,127970,126376],{"class":102},[47,127972,106],{"class":98},[20,127974,144],{},[38,127976,127978],{"className":40,"code":127977,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127979,127980,127984],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,127981,127982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,127983,4172],{"class":1334},[47,127985,127986,127989,127991],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,127987,127988],{"class":53},"report",[47,127990,445],{"class":98},[47,127992,127993],{"class":24948},"csv\n",[20,127995,127996,127997,445],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[594,127998,127999],{"href":124443},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128001,66248],{},[187,128003,128004,128007,128010,128013],{},[190,128005,128006],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[190,128008,128009],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[190,128011,128012],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[190,128014,1654,128015,44820,128017,3072,128019,111472],{},[15,128016,126333],{},[15,128018,124446],{},[15,128020,41843],{},[20,128022,30334],{},[38,128024,128026],{"className":40,"code":128025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128027,128028,128038,128052,128074,128100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128029,128030,128032,128034,128036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128031,95],{"class":94},[47,128033,99],{"class":98},[47,128035,192],{"class":102},[47,128037,106],{"class":98},[47,128039,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048,128050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128041,95],{"class":94},[47,128043,99],{"class":98},[47,128045,41969],{"class":94},[47,128047,99],{"class":98},[47,128049,192],{"class":102},[47,128051,1796],{"class":98},[47,128053,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,128055,95],{"class":94},[47,128057,99],{"class":98},[47,128059,192],{"class":102},[47,128061,445],{"class":98},[47,128063,126381],{"class":102},[47,128065,99],{"class":98},[47,128067,3493],{"class":61},[47,128069,126388],{"class":65},[47,128071,3493],{"class":61},[47,128073,1796],{"class":98},[47,128075,128076,128078,128080,128082,128084,128086,128088,128090,128092,128094,128096,128098],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,128077,95],{"class":94},[47,128079,99],{"class":98},[47,128081,192],{"class":102},[47,128083,445],{"class":98},[47,128085,8833],{"class":102},[47,128087,8830],{"class":98},[47,128089,126381],{"class":102},[47,128091,99],{"class":98},[47,128093,3493],{"class":61},[47,128095,126388],{"class":65},[47,128097,3493],{"class":61},[47,128099,1796],{"class":98},[47,128101,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110,128112],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128103,95],{"class":94},[47,128105,99],{"class":98},[47,128107,1922],{"class":1788},[47,128109,99],{"class":98},[47,128111,192],{"class":102},[47,128113,1796],{"class":98},[33,128115,1969],{"id":1968},[447,128117,1973,128119,128121],{"id":128118},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128120,126333],{}," change the string?",[20,128123,128124,128125,3072,128127,445],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128126,3795],{},[15,128128,3868],{},[447,128130,1989,128132,128134],{"id":128131},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128133,126333],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128136,128137,128138,445],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128139,128140],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[447,128142,15097,128144,124611],{"id":128143},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128145,126333],{},[20,128147,128148,128149,3072,128151,128154],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128150,124005],{},[15,128152,128153],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[447,128156,2055,128158,839,128160,2009],{"id":128157},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128159,126333],{},[15,128161,124270],{},[20,128163,128164,128166,128167,128169],{},[15,128165,126333],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128168,124270],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[33,128171,2075],{"id":2074},[187,128173,128174,128180,128186,128190,128194],{},[190,128175,128176],{},[594,128177,126275,128178,10934],{"href":127640},[15,128179,127643],{},[190,128181,128182],{},[594,128183,126275,128184,10934],{"href":124002},[15,128185,124005],{},[190,128187,128188],{},[594,128189,124674],{"href":123530},[190,128191,128192],{},[594,128193,124681],{"href":124443},[190,128195,128196],{},[594,128197,125030],{"href":596},[2110,128199,128200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":128202},[128203,128204,128206,128207,128212,128213,128219,128220,128221,128229,128239],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":126441,"depth":72,"text":128205},"What endswith() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":126656,"depth":72,"text":126657,"children":128208},[128209,128210,128211],{"id":126570,"depth":84,"text":126570},{"id":36266,"depth":84,"text":36266},{"id":820,"depth":84,"text":820},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":127069,"depth":72,"text":127070,"children":128214},[128215,128216,128217,128218],{"id":127073,"depth":84,"text":127074},{"id":127127,"depth":84,"text":127128},{"id":127184,"depth":84,"text":127185},{"id":127238,"depth":84,"text":127239},{"id":123921,"depth":72,"text":123922},{"id":127472,"depth":72,"text":127473},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":128222},[128223,128224,128225,128227],{"id":127652,"depth":84,"text":127653},{"id":127730,"depth":84,"text":127731},{"id":127827,"depth":84,"text":128226},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127915,"depth":84,"text":128228},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":128230},[128231,128233,128235,128237],{"id":128118,"depth":84,"text":128232},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128131,"depth":84,"text":128234},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128143,"depth":84,"text":128236},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128157,"depth":84,"text":128238},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126325,"description":128240},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128247,"title":128248,"body":128249,"description":129917,"extension":2167,"meta":129918,"navigation":87,"path":129919,"seo":129920,"stem":129921,"__hash__":129922},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128250,"toc":129890},[128251,128256,128261,128266,128271,128364,128374,128379,128384,128399,128401,128483,128491,128493,128495,128522,128524,128540,128547,128549,128657,128659,128664,128680,128682,128777,128785,128788,128794,128799,128804,128811,128950,128953,128966,128968,128972,128979,129049,129052,129101,129108,129115,129129,129134,129139,129185,129231,129247,129249,129254,129268,129271,129393,129398,129400,129405,129438,129441,129517,129519,129528,129542,129545,129629,129632,129743,129746,129774,129776,129783,129787,129793,129796,129802,129805,129812,129823,129829,129836,129838,129887],[10,128252,123275,128254,11516],{"id":128253},"python-string-find-method",[15,128255,124270],{},[20,128257,123280,128258,128260],{},[15,128259,124270],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128262,128263,128264,445],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128265,66039],{},[20,128267,167,128268,128270],{},[15,128269,124270],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[38,128272,128274],{"className":40,"code":128273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128275,128276,128288,128311,128324,128328,128351],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128277,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128279,34884],{"class":53},[47,128281,58],{"class":57},[47,128283,62],{"class":61},[47,128285,60591],{"class":65},[47,128287,69],{"class":61},[47,128289,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128291,65105],{"class":53},[47,128293,58],{"class":57},[47,128295,43031],{"class":53},[47,128297,445],{"class":98},[47,128299,128300],{"class":102},"find",[47,128302,99],{"class":98},[47,128304,128],{"class":61},[47,128306,60776],{"class":65},[47,128308,128],{"class":61},[47,128310,106],{"class":98},[47,128312,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,128314,95],{"class":94},[47,128316,99],{"class":98},[47,128318,65132],{"class":102},[47,128320,3854],{"class":98},[47,128322,128323],{"class":3857},"   # 6\n",[47,128325,128326],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,128327,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,128329,128330,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347,128349],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128331,128332],{"class":53},"missing ",[47,128334,58],{"class":57},[47,128336,43031],{"class":53},[47,128338,445],{"class":98},[47,128340,128300],{"class":102},[47,128342,99],{"class":98},[47,128344,128],{"class":61},[47,128346,42],{"class":65},[47,128348,128],{"class":61},[47,128350,106],{"class":98},[47,128352,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,128354,95],{"class":94},[47,128356,99],{"class":98},[47,128358,26972],{"class":102},[47,128360,3854],{"class":98},[47,128362,128363],{"class":3857},"    # -1\n",[43770,128365,128366],{},[20,128367,167,128368,128370,128371,128373],{},[15,128369,124270],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128372,66039],{}," if the substring is not found.",[33,128375,174,128377,177],{"id":128376},"what-find-does",[15,128378,124270],{},[20,128380,128381,128383],{},[15,128382,124270],{}," is a string method that:",[187,128385,128386,128389,128392,128397],{},[190,128387,128388],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[190,128390,128391],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[190,128393,11618,128394,128396],{},[15,128395,66039],{}," if no match is found",[190,128398,126461],{},[20,128400,204],{},[38,128402,128404],{"className":40,"code":128403,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128405,128406,128418,128422,128446,128470],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128407,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128409,34884],{"class":53},[47,128411,58],{"class":57},[47,128413,62],{"class":61},[47,128415,4281],{"class":65},[47,128417,69],{"class":61},[47,128419,128420],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128421,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,128423,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,128425,95],{"class":94},[47,128427,99],{"class":98},[47,128429,192],{"class":102},[47,128431,445],{"class":98},[47,128433,128300],{"class":102},[47,128435,99],{"class":98},[47,128437,128],{"class":61},[47,128439,123368],{"class":65},[47,128441,128],{"class":61},[47,128443,5556],{"class":98},[47,128445,57830],{"class":3857},[47,128447,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128468],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,128449,95],{"class":94},[47,128451,99],{"class":98},[47,128453,192],{"class":102},[47,128455,445],{"class":98},[47,128457,128300],{"class":102},[47,128459,99],{"class":98},[47,128461,128],{"class":61},[47,128463,2374],{"class":65},[47,128465,128],{"class":61},[47,128467,5556],{"class":98},[47,128469,128363],{"class":3857},[47,128471,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128473,95],{"class":94},[47,128475,99],{"class":98},[47,128477,192],{"class":102},[47,128479,3854],{"class":98},[47,128481,128482],{"class":3857},"              # banana\n",[20,128484,20968,128485,128488,128489,445],{},[15,128486,128487],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128490,243],{},[33,128492,290],{"id":289},[20,128494,2360],{},[38,128496,128498],{"className":40,"code":128497,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128499,128500],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128501,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128503,61359],{"class":53},[47,128505,445],{"class":98},[47,128507,128300],{"class":102},[47,128509,99],{"class":98},[47,128511,2668],{"class":102},[47,128513,136],{"class":98},[47,128515,36245],{"class":102},[47,128517,136],{"class":98},[47,128519,1146],{"class":102},[47,128521,106],{"class":98},[447,128523,17591],{"id":17590},[187,128525,128526,128530,128535],{},[190,128527,128528,123467],{},[15,128529,2668],{},[190,128531,128532,128534],{},[15,128533,36266],{},": optional starting position",[190,128536,128537,128539],{},[15,128538,820],{},": optional ending position",[20,128541,128542,839,128544,128546],{},[15,128543,36266],{},[15,128545,820],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128548,126604],{},[38,128550,128552],{"className":40,"code":128551,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128553,128554,128566,128570,128595,128624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128555,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128557,34884],{"class":53},[47,128559,58],{"class":57},[47,128561,62],{"class":61},[47,128563,60591],{"class":65},[47,128565,69],{"class":61},[47,128567,128568],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128569,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,128571,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,128573,95],{"class":94},[47,128575,99],{"class":98},[47,128577,192],{"class":102},[47,128579,445],{"class":98},[47,128581,128300],{"class":102},[47,128583,99],{"class":98},[47,128585,128],{"class":61},[47,128587,60658],{"class":65},[47,128589,128],{"class":61},[47,128591,5556],{"class":98},[47,128593,128594],{"class":3857},"        # 4\n",[47,128596,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,128598,95],{"class":94},[47,128600,99],{"class":98},[47,128602,192],{"class":102},[47,128604,445],{"class":98},[47,128606,128300],{"class":102},[47,128608,99],{"class":98},[47,128610,128],{"class":61},[47,128612,60658],{"class":65},[47,128614,128],{"class":61},[47,128616,136],{"class":98},[47,128618,4800],{"class":80},[47,128620,5556],{"class":98},[47,128622,128623],{"class":3857},"     # 7\n",[47,128625,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638,128640,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128627,95],{"class":94},[47,128629,99],{"class":98},[47,128631,192],{"class":102},[47,128633,445],{"class":98},[47,128635,128300],{"class":102},[47,128637,99],{"class":98},[47,128639,128],{"class":61},[47,128641,60658],{"class":65},[47,128643,128],{"class":61},[47,128645,136],{"class":98},[47,128647,4800],{"class":80},[47,128649,136],{"class":98},[47,128651,6188],{"class":80},[47,128653,5556],{"class":98},[47,128655,128656],{"class":3857},"  # -1\n",[33,128658,38212],{"id":38211},[20,128660,57729,128661,128663],{},[15,128662,124270],{}," is always an integer.",[187,128665,128666,128672,128675],{},[190,128667,128668,128669,128671],{},"A number ",[15,128670,2321],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[190,128673,128674],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[190,128676,128677,128679],{},[15,128678,66039],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128681,204],{},[38,128683,128685],{"className":40,"code":128684,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128686,128687,128699,128703,128728,128753],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128688,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128690,34884],{"class":53},[47,128692,58],{"class":57},[47,128694,62],{"class":61},[47,128696,42],{"class":65},[47,128698,69],{"class":61},[47,128700,128701],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128702,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,128704,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128722,128724,128726],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,128706,95],{"class":94},[47,128708,99],{"class":98},[47,128710,192],{"class":102},[47,128712,445],{"class":98},[47,128714,128300],{"class":102},[47,128716,99],{"class":98},[47,128718,128],{"class":61},[47,128720,128721],{"class":65},"py",[47,128723,128],{"class":61},[47,128725,5556],{"class":98},[47,128727,20965],{"class":3857},[47,128729,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738,128740,128742,128744,128747,128749,128751],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,128731,95],{"class":94},[47,128733,99],{"class":98},[47,128735,192],{"class":102},[47,128737,445],{"class":98},[47,128739,128300],{"class":102},[47,128741,99],{"class":98},[47,128743,128],{"class":61},[47,128745,128746],{"class":65},"th",[47,128748,128],{"class":61},[47,128750,5556],{"class":98},[47,128752,57830],{"class":3857},[47,128754,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128756,95],{"class":94},[47,128758,99],{"class":98},[47,128760,192],{"class":102},[47,128762,445],{"class":98},[47,128764,128300],{"class":102},[47,128766,99],{"class":98},[47,128768,128],{"class":61},[47,128770,22274],{"class":65},[47,128772,128],{"class":61},[47,128774,5556],{"class":98},[47,128776,128363],{"class":3857},[20,128778,1275,128779,8648,128781,3072,128783,445],{},[15,128780,124270],{},[15,128782,3795],{},[15,128784,3868],{},[20,128786,128787],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[33,128789,1654,128790,839,128792],{"id":65591},[15,128791,36266],{},[15,128793,820],{},[20,128795,167,128796,128798],{},[15,128797,36266],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128800,167,128801,128803],{},[15,128802,820],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128805,850,128806,75646,128808,128810],{},[15,128807,820],{},[280,128809,65254],{}," in the search.",[38,128812,128814],{"className":40,"code":128813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128815,128816,128829,128833,128857,128886,128918],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128817,128818,128820,128822,128824,128827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128819,34884],{"class":53},[47,128821,58],{"class":57},[47,128823,62],{"class":61},[47,128825,128826],{"class":65},"one two three two",[47,128828,69],{"class":61},[47,128830,128831],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,128832,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,128834,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851,128853,128855],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,128836,95],{"class":94},[47,128838,99],{"class":98},[47,128840,192],{"class":102},[47,128842,445],{"class":98},[47,128844,128300],{"class":102},[47,128846,99],{"class":98},[47,128848,128],{"class":61},[47,128850,79455],{"class":65},[47,128852,128],{"class":61},[47,128854,5556],{"class":98},[47,128856,128594],{"class":3857},[47,128858,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,128860,95],{"class":94},[47,128862,99],{"class":98},[47,128864,192],{"class":102},[47,128866,445],{"class":98},[47,128868,128300],{"class":102},[47,128870,99],{"class":98},[47,128872,128],{"class":61},[47,128874,79455],{"class":65},[47,128876,128],{"class":61},[47,128878,136],{"class":98},[47,128880,4800],{"class":80},[47,128882,5556],{"class":98},[47,128884,128885],{"class":3857},"     # 14\n",[47,128887,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914,128916],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,128889,95],{"class":94},[47,128891,99],{"class":98},[47,128893,192],{"class":102},[47,128895,445],{"class":98},[47,128897,128300],{"class":102},[47,128899,99],{"class":98},[47,128901,128],{"class":61},[47,128903,79455],{"class":65},[47,128905,128],{"class":61},[47,128907,136],{"class":98},[47,128909,4026],{"class":80},[47,128911,136],{"class":98},[47,128913,6188],{"class":80},[47,128915,5556],{"class":98},[47,128917,51122],{"class":3857},[47,128919,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,128921,95],{"class":94},[47,128923,99],{"class":98},[47,128925,192],{"class":102},[47,128927,445],{"class":98},[47,128929,128300],{"class":102},[47,128931,99],{"class":98},[47,128933,128],{"class":61},[47,128935,79455],{"class":65},[47,128937,128],{"class":61},[47,128939,136],{"class":98},[47,128941,4026],{"class":80},[47,128943,136],{"class":98},[47,128945,393],{"class":80},[47,128947,5556],{"class":98},[47,128949,128656],{"class":3857},[20,128951,128952],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128954,128955,128956,55253,128960,445],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[594,128957,128959],{"href":128958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[594,128961,128963,128965],{"href":128962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128964,60716],{}," string method",[33,128967,123922],{"id":123921},[20,128969,128970,123733],{},[15,128971,124270],{},[20,128973,127320,128974,839,128976,128978],{},[15,128975,1816],{},[15,128977,64720],{}," are treated as different text.",[38,128980,128982],{"className":40,"code":128981,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128983,128984,128997,129001,129025],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,128985,128986,128988,128990,128992,128995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,128987,34884],{"class":53},[47,128989,58],{"class":57},[47,128991,62],{"class":61},[47,128993,128994],{"class":65},"Hello World",[47,128996,69],{"class":61},[47,128998,128999],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129000,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129002,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129004,95],{"class":94},[47,129006,99],{"class":98},[47,129008,192],{"class":102},[47,129010,445],{"class":98},[47,129012,128300],{"class":102},[47,129014,99],{"class":98},[47,129016,128],{"class":61},[47,129018,131],{"class":65},[47,129020,128],{"class":61},[47,129022,5556],{"class":98},[47,129024,51432],{"class":3857},[47,129026,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035,129037,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,129028,95],{"class":94},[47,129030,99],{"class":98},[47,129032,192],{"class":102},[47,129034,445],{"class":98},[47,129036,128300],{"class":102},[47,129038,99],{"class":98},[47,129040,128],{"class":61},[47,129042,4038],{"class":65},[47,129044,128],{"class":61},[47,129046,5556],{"class":98},[47,129048,128656],{"class":3857},[20,129050,129051],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[38,129053,129055],{"className":40,"code":129054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129056,129057,129069,129073],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129058,129059,129061,129063,129065,129067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129060,34884],{"class":53},[47,129062,58],{"class":57},[47,129064,62],{"class":61},[47,129066,128994],{"class":65},[47,129068,69],{"class":61},[47,129070,129071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129072,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129074,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129076,95],{"class":94},[47,129078,99],{"class":98},[47,129080,192],{"class":102},[47,129082,445],{"class":98},[47,129084,8833],{"class":102},[47,129086,8830],{"class":98},[47,129088,128300],{"class":102},[47,129090,99],{"class":98},[47,129092,128],{"class":61},[47,129094,4038],{"class":65},[47,129096,128],{"class":61},[47,129098,5556],{"class":98},[47,129100,51432],{"class":3857},[33,129102,129104,10778,129106],{"id":129103},"find-vs-index",[15,129105,124270],{},[15,129107,59152],{},[20,129109,129110,839,129112,129114],{},[15,129111,124270],{},[15,129113,59152],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[187,129116,129117,129123],{},[190,129118,129119,1270,129121],{},[15,129120,124270],{},[15,129122,66039],{},[190,129124,129125,52680,129127],{},[15,129126,59152],{},[15,129128,40894],{},[20,129130,167,129131,129133],{},[15,129132,124270],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129135,167,129136,129138],{},[15,129137,59152],{}," when the value must exist.",[38,129140,129142],{"className":40,"code":129141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129143,129144,129156,129160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129145,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129147,34884],{"class":53},[47,129149,58],{"class":57},[47,129151,62],{"class":61},[47,129153,4038],{"class":65},[47,129155,69],{"class":61},[47,129157,129158],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129159,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129161,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129163,95],{"class":94},[47,129165,99],{"class":98},[47,129167,192],{"class":102},[47,129169,445],{"class":98},[47,129171,128300],{"class":102},[47,129173,99],{"class":98},[47,129175,128],{"class":61},[47,129177,2374],{"class":65},[47,129179,128],{"class":61},[47,129181,5556],{"class":98},[47,129183,129184],{"class":3857},"   # -1\n",[38,129186,129188],{"className":40,"code":129187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129189,129190,129202,129206],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129191,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129193,34884],{"class":53},[47,129195,58],{"class":57},[47,129197,62],{"class":61},[47,129199,4038],{"class":65},[47,129201,69],{"class":61},[47,129203,129204],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129205,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129207,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129209,95],{"class":94},[47,129211,99],{"class":98},[47,129213,192],{"class":102},[47,129215,445],{"class":98},[47,129217,36041],{"class":102},[47,129219,99],{"class":98},[47,129221,128],{"class":61},[47,129223,2374],{"class":65},[47,129225,128],{"class":61},[47,129227,5556],{"class":98},[47,129229,129230],{"class":3857},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129232,129233,129234,129238,129239,129241,129242,445],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[594,129235,129236,128965],{"href":124295},[15,129237,59152],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129240,59152],{},", read ",[594,129243,25878,129244],{"href":73666},[15,129245,129246],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[33,129248,41236],{"id":41235},[20,129250,35600,129251,129253],{},[15,129252,124270],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[187,129255,129256,129259,129262,129265],{},[190,129257,129258],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[190,129260,129261],{},"Get the position of a word",[190,129263,129264],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[190,129266,129267],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129269,129270],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[38,129272,129274],{"className":40,"code":129273,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129275,129276,129289,129312,129316,129331,129347,129366,129380],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129277,129278,129280,129282,129284,129287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129279,34884],{"class":53},[47,129281,58],{"class":57},[47,129283,62],{"class":61},[47,129285,129286],{"class":65},"name:Alice",[47,129288,69],{"class":61},[47,129290,129291,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308,129310],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129292,129293],{"class":53},"colon_pos ",[47,129295,58],{"class":57},[47,129297,43031],{"class":53},[47,129299,445],{"class":98},[47,129301,128300],{"class":102},[47,129303,99],{"class":98},[47,129305,128],{"class":61},[47,129307,420],{"class":65},[47,129309,128],{"class":61},[47,129311,106],{"class":98},[47,129313,129314],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129315,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129317,129318,129320,129323,129325,129327,129329],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,129319,7192],{"class":1461},[47,129321,129322],{"class":53}," colon_pos ",[47,129324,72776],{"class":57},[47,129326,2422],{"class":57},[47,129328,1476],{"class":80},[47,129330,6586],{"class":98},[47,129332,129333,129336,129338,129340,129342,129345],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129334,129335],{"class":53},"    label ",[47,129337,58],{"class":57},[47,129339,43031],{"class":53},[47,129341,75719],{"class":98},[47,129343,129344],{"class":53},"colon_pos",[47,129346,3828],{"class":98},[47,129348,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,129350,27600],{"class":53},[47,129352,58],{"class":57},[47,129354,43031],{"class":53},[47,129356,4092],{"class":98},[47,129358,129293],{"class":53},[47,129360,710],{"class":57},[47,129362,1545],{"class":80},[47,129364,129365],{"class":98},":]\n",[47,129367,129368,129370,129372,129375,129377],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,129369,1499],{"class":94},[47,129371,99],{"class":98},[47,129373,129374],{"class":102},"label",[47,129376,3854],{"class":98},[47,129378,129379],{"class":3857},"  # name\n",[47,129381,129382,129384,129386,129388,129390],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,129383,1499],{"class":94},[47,129385,99],{"class":98},[47,129387,2668],{"class":102},[47,129389,3854],{"class":98},[47,129391,129392],{"class":3857},"  # Alice\n",[20,129394,129395,129396,445],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[594,129397,127311],{"href":123530},[33,129399,1595],{"id":1594},[20,129401,129402,129403,420],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129404,124270],{},[187,129406,129407,129416,129422,129427,129433],{},[190,129408,1807,129409,8648,129411,3072,129413,129415],{},[15,129410,124270],{},[15,129412,3795],{},[15,129414,3868],{}," instead of an index",[190,129417,129418,129419,129421],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129420,66039],{}," when the substring is missing",[190,129423,1654,129424,129426],{},[15,129425,124270],{}," without handling case differences",[190,129428,37396,129429,8898,129431],{},[15,129430,124270],{},[15,129432,59152],{},[190,129434,4774,129435,129437],{},[15,129436,124270],{}," changes the string",[20,129439,129440],{},"Example of a mistake:",[38,129442,129444],{"className":40,"code":129443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129445,129446,129458,129462,129482,129497,129503],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129447,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129449,34884],{"class":53},[47,129451,58],{"class":57},[47,129453,62],{"class":61},[47,129455,4038],{"class":65},[47,129457,69],{"class":61},[47,129459,129460],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129461,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129463,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472,129474,129476,129478,129480],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129465,7192],{"class":1461},[47,129467,43031],{"class":53},[47,129469,445],{"class":98},[47,129471,128300],{"class":102},[47,129473,99],{"class":98},[47,129475,128],{"class":61},[47,129477,60623],{"class":65},[47,129479,128],{"class":61},[47,129481,1483],{"class":98},[47,129483,129484,129486,129488,129490,129493,129495],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,129485,1499],{"class":94},[47,129487,99],{"class":98},[47,129489,128],{"class":61},[47,129491,129492],{"class":65},"Found",[47,129494,128],{"class":61},[47,129496,106],{"class":98},[47,129498,129499,129501],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129500,27633],{"class":1461},[47,129502,6586],{"class":98},[47,129504,129505,129507,129509,129511,129513,129515],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,129506,1499],{"class":94},[47,129508,99],{"class":98},[47,129510,128],{"class":61},[47,129512,26514],{"class":65},[47,129514,128],{"class":61},[47,129516,106],{"class":98},[20,129518,99836],{},[38,129520,129522],{"className":40,"code":129521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Not found\n",[15,129523,129524],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129525,129526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129527,129521],{"class":53},[20,129529,45891,129530,129533,129534,17268,129536,129538,129539,129541],{},[15,129531,129532],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129535,2321],{},[15,129537,2321],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129540,7192],{}," statement.",[20,129543,129544],{},"A safer version is:",[38,129546,129548],{"className":40,"code":129547,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129549,129550,129562,129566,129595,129609,129615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129551,129552,129554,129556,129558,129560],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129553,34884],{"class":53},[47,129555,58],{"class":57},[47,129557,62],{"class":61},[47,129559,4038],{"class":65},[47,129561,69],{"class":61},[47,129563,129564],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129565,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129567,129568,129570,129572,129574,129576,129578,129580,129582,129584,129586,129589,129591,129593],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129569,7192],{"class":1461},[47,129571,43031],{"class":53},[47,129573,445],{"class":98},[47,129575,128300],{"class":102},[47,129577,99],{"class":98},[47,129579,128],{"class":61},[47,129581,60623],{"class":65},[47,129583,128],{"class":61},[47,129585,3854],{"class":98},[47,129587,129588],{"class":57}," !=",[47,129590,2422],{"class":57},[47,129592,1476],{"class":80},[47,129594,6586],{"class":98},[47,129596,129597,129599,129601,129603,129605,129607],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,129598,1499],{"class":94},[47,129600,99],{"class":98},[47,129602,128],{"class":61},[47,129604,129492],{"class":65},[47,129606,128],{"class":61},[47,129608,106],{"class":98},[47,129610,129611,129613],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129612,27633],{"class":1461},[47,129614,6586],{"class":98},[47,129616,129617,129619,129621,129623,129625,129627],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,129618,1499],{"class":94},[47,129620,99],{"class":98},[47,129622,128],{"class":61},[47,129624,26514],{"class":65},[47,129626,128],{"class":61},[47,129628,106],{"class":98},[20,129630,129631],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[38,129633,129635],{"className":40,"code":129634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129636,129637,129659,129673,129699,129713],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129638,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129640,95],{"class":94},[47,129642,99],{"class":98},[47,129644,192],{"class":102},[47,129646,445],{"class":98},[47,129648,128300],{"class":102},[47,129650,99],{"class":98},[47,129652,3493],{"class":61},[47,129654,38583],{"class":65},[47,129656,3493],{"class":61},[47,129658,1796],{"class":98},[47,129660,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129662,95],{"class":94},[47,129664,99],{"class":98},[47,129666,41969],{"class":94},[47,129668,99],{"class":98},[47,129670,192],{"class":102},[47,129672,1796],{"class":98},[47,129674,129675,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693,129695,129697],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129676,95],{"class":94},[47,129678,99],{"class":98},[47,129680,192],{"class":102},[47,129682,445],{"class":98},[47,129684,8833],{"class":102},[47,129686,8830],{"class":98},[47,129688,128300],{"class":102},[47,129690,99],{"class":98},[47,129692,3493],{"class":61},[47,129694,38583],{"class":65},[47,129696,3493],{"class":61},[47,129698,1796],{"class":98},[47,129700,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709,129711],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,129702,95],{"class":94},[47,129704,99],{"class":98},[47,129706,11355],{"class":94},[47,129708,99],{"class":98},[47,129710,192],{"class":102},[47,129712,1796],{"class":98},[47,129714,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733,129735,129737,129739,129741],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,129716,95],{"class":94},[47,129718,99],{"class":98},[47,129720,192],{"class":102},[47,129722,445],{"class":98},[47,129724,128300],{"class":102},[47,129726,99],{"class":98},[47,129728,3493],{"class":61},[47,129730,38583],{"class":65},[47,129732,3493],{"class":61},[47,129734,136],{"class":98},[47,129736,36245],{"class":102},[47,129738,136],{"class":98},[47,129740,1146],{"class":102},[47,129742,1796],{"class":98},[20,129744,129745],{},"These help you check:",[187,129747,129748,129753,129758,129763,129766],{},[190,129749,129750,129751],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129752,124270],{},[190,129754,129755,129756],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129757,122489],{},[190,129759,129760,129761],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129762,124005],{},[190,129764,129765],{},"The string length",[190,129767,129768,129769,839,129771,129773],{},"Whether your ",[15,129770,36266],{},[15,129772,820],{}," values are correct",[33,129775,1969],{"id":1968},[447,129777,129779,129780,129782],{"id":129778},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129781,124270],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129784,5345,129785,445],{},[15,129786,66039],{},[447,129788,1973,129790,129792],{"id":129789},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129791,124270],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129794,129795],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[447,129797,129799,129800,124611],{"id":129798},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129801,124270],{},[20,129803,129804],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[447,129806,2055,129808,839,129810,69840],{"id":129807},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129809,124270],{},[15,129811,59152],{},[20,129813,129814,1270,129816,129818,129819,52680,129821,445],{},[15,129815,124270],{},[15,129817,66039],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129820,59152],{},[15,129822,40894],{},[447,129824,28528,129826,129828],{"id":129825},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129827,124270],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129830,129831,129832,839,129834,66338],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129833,36266],{},[15,129835,820],{},[33,129837,2075],{"id":2074},[187,129839,129840,129846,129852,129859,129865,129872,129876,129881],{},[190,129841,129842],{},[594,129843,126275,129844,10934],{"href":124295},[15,129845,59152],{},[190,129847,129848],{},[594,129849,126275,129850,10934],{"href":128962},[15,129851,60716],{},[190,129853,129854],{},[594,129855,126275,129857,10934],{"href":129856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129858,124446],{},[190,129860,129861],{},[594,129862,126275,129863,10934],{"href":127640},[15,129864,127643],{},[190,129866,129867],{},[594,129868,126275,129870,10934],{"href":129869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129871,126333],{},[190,129873,129874],{},[594,129875,124674],{"href":123530},[190,129877,129878],{},[594,129879,129880],{"href":128958},"How to split a string in Python",[190,129882,129883],{},[594,129884,26321,129885],{"href":73666},[15,129886,129246],{},[2110,129888,129889],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":129891},[129892,129894,129897,129898,129899,129900,129902,129903,129904,129916],{"id":128376,"depth":72,"text":129893},"What find() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":129895},[129896],{"id":17590,"depth":84,"text":17591},{"id":38211,"depth":72,"text":38212},{"id":65591,"depth":72,"text":66374},{"id":123921,"depth":72,"text":123922},{"id":129103,"depth":72,"text":129901},"find() vs index()",{"id":41235,"depth":72,"text":41236},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":129905},[129906,129908,129910,129912,129914],{"id":129778,"depth":84,"text":129907},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129789,"depth":84,"text":129909},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129798,"depth":84,"text":129911},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129807,"depth":84,"text":129913},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129825,"depth":84,"text":129915},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128248,"description":129917},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129924,"title":129925,"body":129926,"description":131852,"extension":2167,"meta":131853,"navigation":87,"path":131854,"seo":131855,"stem":131856,"__hash__":131857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129927,"toc":131820},[129928,129933,129938,129941,129943,130019,130023,130051,130059,130063,130068,130072,130089,130091,130158,130162,130184,130192,130194,130197,130221,130224,130238,130240,130325,130329,130341,130344,130348,130354,130404,130408,130425,130434,130437,130445,130448,130497,130501,130526,130529,130584,130588,130600,130606,130610,130616,130621,130688,130692,130718,130721,130732,130734,130801,130805,130830,130837,130841,130846,130853,130861,130863,130915,130919,130937,130939,130984,130988,131003,131006,131016,131023,131025,131029,131032,131043,131045,131105,131109,131137,131140,131146,131151,131154,131158,131202,131205,131243,131246,131254,131256,131261,131265,131268,131316,131319,131322,131378,131382,131387,131390,131439,131441,131490,131496,131501,131503,131550,131554,131567,131569,131620,131626,131629,131633,131636,131642,131647,131649,131652,131724,131727,131744,131746,131751,131754,131758,131764,131770,131777,131783,131789,131791,131817],[10,129929,123275,129931,11516],{"id":129930},"python-string-format-method",[15,129932,126278],{},[20,129934,123280,129935,129937],{},[15,129936,126278],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129939,129940],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[33,129942,36],{"id":35},[38,129944,129946],{"className":40,"code":129945,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129947,129948,129960,129968,129972,130009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,129949,129950,129952,129954,129956,129958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,129951,54],{"class":53},[47,129953,58],{"class":57},[47,129955,62],{"class":61},[47,129957,11704],{"class":65},[47,129959,69],{"class":61},[47,129961,129962,129964,129966],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,129963,75],{"class":53},[47,129965,58],{"class":57},[47,129967,81],{"class":80},[47,129969,129970],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,129971,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,129973,129974,129976,129978,129980,129983,129985,129988,129990,129992,129994,129996,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,129975,1377],{"class":53},[47,129977,58],{"class":57},[47,129979,62],{"class":61},[47,129981,129982],{"class":65},"My name is ",[47,129984,3984],{"class":80},[47,129986,129987],{"class":65}," and I am ",[47,129989,3984],{"class":80},[47,129991,122271],{"class":65},[47,129993,128],{"class":61},[47,129995,445],{"class":98},[47,129997,129998],{"class":102},"format",[47,130000,99],{"class":98},[47,130002,103],{"class":102},[47,130004,136],{"class":98},[47,130006,676],{"class":102},[47,130008,106],{"class":98},[47,130010,130011,130013,130015,130017],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,130012,95],{"class":94},[47,130014,99],{"class":98},[47,130016,1394],{"class":102},[47,130018,106],{"class":98},[20,130020,130021],{},[280,130022,144],{},[38,130024,130026],{"className":40,"code":130025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130027,130028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130029,130030,130033,130035,130038,130041,130044,130047,130049],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130031,130032],{"class":53},"My name ",[47,130034,12388],{"class":57},[47,130036,130037],{"class":53}," Maya ",[47,130039,130040],{"class":57},"and",[47,130042,130043],{"class":53}," I am ",[47,130045,130046],{"class":80},"12",[47,130048,122304],{"class":53},[47,130050,122307],{"class":98},[20,130052,167,130053,130055,130056,130058],{},[15,130054,3984],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130057,126278],{}," in the same order.",[20,130060,125027,130061,445],{},[594,130062,125030],{"href":596},[33,130064,13191,130066,13194],{"id":130065},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130067,126278],{},[20,130069,850,130070,11607],{},[15,130071,126278],{},[187,130073,130074,130077,130083,130086],{},[190,130075,130076],{},"inserts values into a string",[190,130078,130079,130080,130082],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130081,3984],{}," with given values",[190,130084,130085],{},"returns a new string",[190,130087,130088],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130090,204],{},[38,130092,130094],{"className":40,"code":130093,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130095,130096,130110,130133,130137,130148],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130097,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106,130108],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130099,34884],{"class":53},[47,130101,58],{"class":57},[47,130103,62],{"class":61},[47,130105,45092],{"class":65},[47,130107,3984],{"class":80},[47,130109,69],{"class":61},[47,130111,130112,130115,130117,130119,130121,130123,130125,130127,130129,130131],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130113,130114],{"class":53},"new_text ",[47,130116,58],{"class":57},[47,130118,43031],{"class":53},[47,130120,445],{"class":98},[47,130122,129998],{"class":102},[47,130124,99],{"class":98},[47,130126,128],{"class":61},[47,130128,7872],{"class":65},[47,130130,128],{"class":61},[47,130132,106],{"class":98},[47,130134,130135],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,130136,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,130138,130139,130141,130143,130146],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,130140,95],{"class":94},[47,130142,99],{"class":98},[47,130144,130145],{"class":102},"new_text",[47,130147,106],{"class":98},[47,130149,130150,130152,130154,130156],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,130151,95],{"class":94},[47,130153,99],{"class":98},[47,130155,192],{"class":102},[47,130157,106],{"class":98},[20,130159,130160],{},[280,130161,144],{},[38,130163,130165],{"className":40,"code":130164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130166,130167,130176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130168,130169,130171,130173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130170,131],{"class":53},[47,130172,136],{"class":98},[47,130174,130175],{"class":53}," Sam\n",[47,130177,130178,130180,130182],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130179,131],{"class":53},[47,130181,136],{"class":98},[47,130183,10030],{"class":98},[20,130185,2484,130186,130188,130189,130191],{},[15,130187,192],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130190,126278],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[33,130193,290],{"id":289},[20,130195,130196],{},"The general form is:",[38,130198,130200],{"className":40,"code":130199,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130201,130202],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130203,130204,130206,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130205,128],{"class":43518},[47,130207,130208],{"class":43522},"text {}",[47,130210,128],{"class":43518},[47,130212,445],{"class":98},[47,130214,129998],{"class":102},[47,130216,99],{"class":98},[47,130218,2668],{"class":102},[47,130220,106],{"class":98},[20,130222,130223],{},"Key idea:",[187,130225,130226,130232,130235],{},[190,130227,130228,130229,130231],{},"each ",[15,130230,3984],{}," is a placeholder",[190,130233,130234],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[190,130236,130237],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130239,204],{},[38,130241,130243],{"className":40,"code":130242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130244,130245,130258,130272,130276,130314],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130246,130247,130250,130252,130254,130256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130248,130249],{"class":53},"animal ",[47,130251,58],{"class":57},[47,130253,62],{"class":61},[47,130255,37239],{"class":65},[47,130257,69],{"class":61},[47,130259,130260,130263,130265,130267,130270],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130261,130262],{"class":53},"sound ",[47,130264,58],{"class":57},[47,130266,62],{"class":61},[47,130268,130269],{"class":65},"meow",[47,130271,69],{"class":61},[47,130273,130274],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,130275,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,130277,130278,130281,130283,130285,130287,130289,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130307,130309,130312],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,130279,130280],{"class":53},"sentence ",[47,130282,58],{"class":57},[47,130284,62],{"class":61},[47,130286,850],{"class":65},[47,130288,3984],{"class":80},[47,130290,130291],{"class":65}," says ",[47,130293,3984],{"class":80},[47,130295,445],{"class":65},[47,130297,128],{"class":61},[47,130299,445],{"class":98},[47,130301,129998],{"class":102},[47,130303,99],{"class":98},[47,130305,130306],{"class":102},"animal",[47,130308,136],{"class":98},[47,130310,130311],{"class":102}," sound",[47,130313,106],{"class":98},[47,130315,130316,130318,130320,130323],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,130317,95],{"class":94},[47,130319,99],{"class":98},[47,130321,130322],{"class":102},"sentence",[47,130324,106],{"class":98},[20,130326,130327],{},[280,130328,144],{},[38,130330,130332],{"className":40,"code":130331,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130333,130334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130335,130336,130339],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130337,130338],{"class":53},"The cat says meow",[47,130340,122307],{"class":98},[20,130342,130343],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[33,130345,130347],{"id":130346},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130349,130350,130351,130353],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130352,3984],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[38,130355,130357],{"className":40,"code":130356,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130358,130359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130360,130361,130363,130365,130367,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130391,130393,130395,130397,130400,130402],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130362,95],{"class":94},[47,130364,99],{"class":98},[47,130366,128],{"class":61},[47,130368,130369],{"class":65},"I like ",[47,130371,3984],{"class":80},[47,130373,839],{"class":65},[47,130375,3984],{"class":80},[47,130377,445],{"class":65},[47,130379,128],{"class":61},[47,130381,445],{"class":98},[47,130383,129998],{"class":102},[47,130385,99],{"class":98},[47,130387,128],{"class":61},[47,130389,130390],{"class":65},"pizza",[47,130392,128],{"class":61},[47,130394,136],{"class":98},[47,130396,62],{"class":61},[47,130398,130399],{"class":65},"pasta",[47,130401,128],{"class":61},[47,130403,1796],{"class":98},[20,130405,130406],{},[280,130407,144],{},[38,130409,130411],{"className":40,"code":130410,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130412,130413],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130414,130415,130418,130420,130423],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130416,130417],{"class":53},"I like pizza ",[47,130419,130040],{"class":57},[47,130421,130422],{"class":53}," pasta",[47,130424,122307],{"class":98},[20,130426,130427,130428,839,130431,445],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130429,130430],{},"{0}",[15,130432,130433],{},"{1}",[20,130435,130436],{},"This is helpful when:",[187,130438,130439,130442],{},[190,130440,130441],{},"you want to reuse a value",[190,130443,130444],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130446,130447],{},"Example with reused values:",[38,130449,130451],{"className":40,"code":130450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130452,130453,130487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130454,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130466,130468,130471,130473,130475,130477,130479,130481,130483,130485],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130456,34884],{"class":53},[47,130458,58],{"class":57},[47,130460,62],{"class":61},[47,130462,130430],{"class":80},[47,130464,130465],{"class":65}," is learning Python. ",[47,130467,130430],{"class":80},[47,130469,130470],{"class":65}," likes coding.",[47,130472,128],{"class":61},[47,130474,445],{"class":98},[47,130476,129998],{"class":102},[47,130478,99],{"class":98},[47,130480,128],{"class":61},[47,130482,20079],{"class":65},[47,130484,128],{"class":61},[47,130486,106],{"class":98},[47,130488,130489,130491,130493,130495],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130490,95],{"class":94},[47,130492,99],{"class":98},[47,130494,192],{"class":102},[47,130496,106],{"class":98},[20,130498,130499],{},[280,130500,144],{},[38,130502,130504],{"className":40,"code":130503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130505,130506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130507,130508,130511,130513,130516,130518,130521,130524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130509,130510],{"class":53},"Lina ",[47,130512,12388],{"class":57},[47,130514,130515],{"class":53}," learning Python",[47,130517,445],{"class":98},[47,130519,130520],{"class":24948}," Lina",[47,130522,130523],{"class":53}," likes coding",[47,130525,122307],{"class":98},[20,130527,130528],{},"Example with changed order:",[38,130530,130532],{"className":40,"code":130531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130533,130534,130574],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130535,130536,130538,130540,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130537,34884],{"class":53},[47,130539,58],{"class":57},[47,130541,62],{"class":61},[47,130543,130433],{"class":80},[47,130545,83508],{"class":65},[47,130547,130430],{"class":80},[47,130549,445],{"class":65},[47,130551,128],{"class":61},[47,130553,445],{"class":98},[47,130555,129998],{"class":102},[47,130557,99],{"class":98},[47,130559,128],{"class":61},[47,130561,6779],{"class":65},[47,130563,128],{"class":61},[47,130565,136],{"class":98},[47,130567,62],{"class":61},[47,130569,79455],{"class":65},[47,130571,128],{"class":61},[47,130573,106],{"class":98},[47,130575,130576,130578,130580,130582],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130577,95],{"class":94},[47,130579,99],{"class":98},[47,130581,192],{"class":102},[47,130583,106],{"class":98},[20,130585,130586],{},[280,130587,144],{},[38,130589,130591],{"className":40,"code":130590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130592,130593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130594,130595,130598],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130596,130597],{"class":53},"two comes after one",[47,130599,122307],{"class":98},[20,130601,130602,130603,130605],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130604,3984],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[33,130607,130609],{"id":130608},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130611,130612,130613,445],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130614,130615],{},"{name}",[20,130617,130618,130619,420],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130620,126278],{},[38,130622,130624],{"className":40,"code":130623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130625,130626,130678],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130627,130628,130630,130632,130634,130636,130638,130641,130644,130646,130648,130650,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130629,34884],{"class":53},[47,130631,58],{"class":57},[47,130633,62],{"class":61},[47,130635,129982],{"class":65},[47,130637,130615],{"class":80},[47,130639,130640],{"class":65}," and I live in ",[47,130642,130643],{"class":80},"{city}",[47,130645,445],{"class":65},[47,130647,128],{"class":61},[47,130649,445],{"class":98},[47,130651,129998],{"class":102},[47,130653,99],{"class":98},[47,130655,103],{"class":951},[47,130657,58],{"class":57},[47,130659,128],{"class":61},[47,130661,13075],{"class":65},[47,130663,128],{"class":61},[47,130665,136],{"class":98},[47,130667,31583],{"class":951},[47,130669,58],{"class":57},[47,130671,128],{"class":61},[47,130673,16226],{"class":65},[47,130675,128],{"class":61},[47,130677,106],{"class":98},[47,130679,130680,130682,130684,130686],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130681,95],{"class":94},[47,130683,99],{"class":98},[47,130685,192],{"class":102},[47,130687,106],{"class":98},[20,130689,130690],{},[280,130691,144],{},[38,130693,130695],{"className":40,"code":130694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130696,130697],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130698,130699,130701,130703,130706,130708,130711,130713,130716],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130700,130032],{"class":53},[47,130702,12388],{"class":57},[47,130704,130705],{"class":53}," Ana ",[47,130707,130040],{"class":57},[47,130709,130710],{"class":53}," I live ",[47,130712,1468],{"class":57},[47,130714,130715],{"class":53}," Lima",[47,130717,122307],{"class":98},[20,130719,130720],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[187,130722,130723,130726,130729],{},[190,130724,130725],{},"they make code easier to read",[190,130727,130728],{},"they help when a string has many values",[190,130730,130731],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130733,204],{},[38,130735,130737],{"className":40,"code":130736,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130738,130739,130791],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130740,130741,130744,130746,130748,130751,130754,130757,130760,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772,130774,130777,130779,130781,130784,130786,130789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130742,130743],{"class":53},"report ",[47,130745,58],{"class":57},[47,130747,62],{"class":61},[47,130749,130750],{"class":65},"Student: ",[47,130752,130753],{"class":80},"{student}",[47,130755,130756],{"class":65},", Score: ",[47,130758,130759],{"class":80},"{score}",[47,130761,128],{"class":61},[47,130763,445],{"class":98},[47,130765,129998],{"class":102},[47,130767,99],{"class":98},[47,130769,13820],{"class":951},[47,130771,58],{"class":57},[47,130773,128],{"class":61},[47,130775,130776],{"class":65},"Noah",[47,130778,128],{"class":61},[47,130780,136],{"class":98},[47,130782,130783],{"class":951}," score",[47,130785,58],{"class":57},[47,130787,130788],{"class":80},"95",[47,130790,106],{"class":98},[47,130792,130793,130795,130797,130799],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130794,95],{"class":94},[47,130796,99],{"class":98},[47,130798,127988],{"class":102},[47,130800,106],{"class":98},[20,130802,130803],{},[280,130804,144],{},[38,130806,130808],{"className":40,"code":130807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130809,130810],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130811,130812,130815,130817,130820,130822,130825,130827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130813,130814],{"class":53},"Student",[47,130816,420],{"class":98},[47,130818,130819],{"class":53}," Noah",[47,130821,136],{"class":98},[47,130823,130824],{"class":53}," Score",[47,130826,420],{"class":98},[47,130828,130829],{"class":80}," 95\n",[20,130831,130832,130833,445],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[594,130834,13,130835,2088],{"href":795},[15,130836,798],{},[33,130838,130840],{"id":130839},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130842,130843,130845],{},[15,130844,126278],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130847,130848,130849,130852],{},"A common example is ",[15,130850,130851],{},":.2f",", which means:",[187,130854,130855,130858],{},[190,130856,130857],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[190,130859,130860],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130862,204],{},[38,130864,130866],{"className":40,"code":130865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130867,130868,130876,130905],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130869,130870,130872,130874],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130871,40577],{"class":53},[47,130873,58],{"class":57},[47,130875,49462],{"class":80},[47,130877,130878,130880,130882,130884,130887,130889,130891,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130903],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130879,34884],{"class":53},[47,130881,58],{"class":57},[47,130883,62],{"class":61},[47,130885,130886],{"class":65},"Price: $",[47,130888,9470],{"class":80},[47,130890,130851],{"class":2266},[47,130892,22500],{"class":80},[47,130894,128],{"class":61},[47,130896,445],{"class":98},[47,130898,129998],{"class":102},[47,130900,99],{"class":98},[47,130902,25348],{"class":102},[47,130904,106],{"class":98},[47,130906,130907,130909,130911,130913],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,130908,95],{"class":94},[47,130910,99],{"class":98},[47,130912,192],{"class":102},[47,130914,106],{"class":98},[20,130916,130917],{},[280,130918,144],{},[38,130920,130922],{"className":40,"code":130921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130923,130924],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130925,130926,130929,130931,130934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130927,130928],{"class":53},"Price",[47,130930,420],{"class":98},[47,130932,130933],{"class":37559}," $",[47,130935,130936],{"class":80},"3.50\n",[20,130938,52265],{},[38,130940,130942],{"className":40,"code":130941,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130943,130944,130954],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130945,130946,130949,130951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130947,130948],{"class":53},"average ",[47,130950,58],{"class":57},[47,130952,130953],{"class":80}," 91.236\n",[47,130955,130956,130958,130960,130962,130965,130967,130969,130971,130973,130975,130977,130979,130982],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,130957,95],{"class":94},[47,130959,99],{"class":98},[47,130961,128],{"class":61},[47,130963,130964],{"class":65},"Average: ",[47,130966,9470],{"class":80},[47,130968,130851],{"class":2266},[47,130970,22500],{"class":80},[47,130972,128],{"class":61},[47,130974,445],{"class":98},[47,130976,129998],{"class":102},[47,130978,99],{"class":98},[47,130980,130981],{"class":102},"average",[47,130983,1796],{"class":98},[20,130985,130986],{},[280,130987,144],{},[38,130989,130991],{"className":40,"code":130990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130992,130993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,130994,130995,130998,131000],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,130996,130997],{"class":53},"Average",[47,130999,420],{"class":98},[47,131001,131002],{"class":80}," 91.24\n",[20,131004,131005],{},"This is useful for:",[187,131007,131008,131010,131013],{},[190,131009,83266],{},[190,131011,131012],{},"averages",[190,131014,131015],{},"percentages",[20,131017,131018,131019,445],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[594,131020,13,131021,2501],{"href":46637},[15,131022,17],{},[33,131024,17615],{"id":17614},[20,131026,131027,92441],{},[15,131028,126278],{},[20,131030,131031],{},"That means you can:",[187,131033,131034,131037,131040],{},[190,131035,131036],{},"save it in a variable",[190,131038,131039],{},"print it directly",[190,131041,131042],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131044,204],{},[38,131046,131048],{"className":40,"code":131047,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131049,131050,131081,131091],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131051,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131077,131079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131053,1377],{"class":53},[47,131055,58],{"class":57},[47,131057,62],{"class":61},[47,131059,45092],{"class":65},[47,131061,3984],{"class":80},[47,131063,1210],{"class":65},[47,131065,128],{"class":61},[47,131067,445],{"class":98},[47,131069,129998],{"class":102},[47,131071,99],{"class":98},[47,131073,128],{"class":61},[47,131075,131076],{"class":65},"Chris",[47,131078,128],{"class":61},[47,131080,106],{"class":98},[47,131082,131083,131085,131087,131089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131084,95],{"class":94},[47,131086,99],{"class":98},[47,131088,1394],{"class":102},[47,131090,106],{"class":98},[47,131092,131093,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,131094,95],{"class":94},[47,131096,99],{"class":98},[47,131098,1922],{"class":1788},[47,131100,99],{"class":98},[47,131102,1394],{"class":102},[47,131104,1796],{"class":98},[20,131106,131107],{},[280,131108,144],{},[38,131110,131112],{"className":40,"code":131111,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131113,131114,131123],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131115,131116,131118,131120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131117,131],{"class":53},[47,131119,136],{"class":98},[47,131121,131122],{"class":53}," Chris!\n",[47,131124,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131126,3482],{"class":57},[47,131128,3485],{"class":2266},[47,131130,3488],{"class":61},[47,131132,3636],{"class":65},[47,131134,3493],{"class":61},[47,131136,3496],{"class":57},[20,131138,131139],{},"The original string is not changed.",[33,131141,131143,131145],{"id":131142},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131144,126278],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131147,131148,131150],{},[15,131149,126278],{}," is a string method.",[20,131152,131153],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131155,46228,131156,420],{},[15,131157,126278],{},[38,131159,131161],{"className":40,"code":131160,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131162,131163,131176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131164,131165,131167,131169,131171,131174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131166,54],{"class":53},[47,131168,58],{"class":57},[47,131170,62],{"class":61},[47,131172,131173],{"class":65},"Rita",[47,131175,69],{"class":61},[47,131177,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131179,95],{"class":94},[47,131181,99],{"class":98},[47,131183,128],{"class":61},[47,131185,45092],{"class":65},[47,131187,3984],{"class":80},[47,131189,1210],{"class":65},[47,131191,128],{"class":61},[47,131193,445],{"class":98},[47,131195,129998],{"class":102},[47,131197,99],{"class":98},[47,131199,103],{"class":102},[47,131201,1796],{"class":98},[20,131203,131204],{},"Example with an f-string:",[38,131206,131208],{"className":40,"code":131207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131209,131210,131222],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131211,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131213,54],{"class":53},[47,131215,58],{"class":57},[47,131217,62],{"class":61},[47,131219,131173],{"class":65},[47,131221,69],{"class":61},[47,131223,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238,131241],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131225,95],{"class":94},[47,131227,99],{"class":98},[47,131229,22491],{"class":2266},[47,131231,43536],{"class":65},[47,131233,9470],{"class":80},[47,131235,103],{"class":102},[47,131237,22500],{"class":80},[47,131239,131240],{"class":65},"!\"",[47,131242,106],{"class":98},[20,131244,131245],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131247,131248,131249,131251,131252,445],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131250,126278],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[594,131253,1053],{"href":1052},[33,131255,1595],{"id":1594},[20,131257,131258,131259,445],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131260,126278],{},[447,131262,131264],{"id":131263},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131266,131267],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[38,131269,131271],{"className":40,"code":131270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131272,131273,131306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131274,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131288,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131276,34884],{"class":53},[47,131278,58],{"class":57},[47,131280,62],{"class":61},[47,131282,45092],{"class":65},[47,131284,3984],{"class":80},[47,131286,131287],{"class":80}," {}",[47,131289,1210],{"class":65},[47,131291,128],{"class":61},[47,131293,445],{"class":98},[47,131295,129998],{"class":102},[47,131297,99],{"class":98},[47,131299,128],{"class":61},[47,131301,7872],{"class":65},[47,131303,128],{"class":61},[47,131305,106],{"class":98},[47,131307,131308,131310,131312,131314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131309,95],{"class":94},[47,131311,99],{"class":98},[47,131313,192],{"class":102},[47,131315,106],{"class":98},[20,131317,131318],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131320,131321],{},"Fixed version:",[38,131323,131325],{"className":40,"code":131324,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131326,131327,131368],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131328,131329,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345,131347,131349,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359,131361,131364,131366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131330,34884],{"class":53},[47,131332,58],{"class":57},[47,131334,62],{"class":61},[47,131336,45092],{"class":65},[47,131338,3984],{"class":80},[47,131340,131287],{"class":80},[47,131342,1210],{"class":65},[47,131344,128],{"class":61},[47,131346,445],{"class":98},[47,131348,129998],{"class":102},[47,131350,99],{"class":98},[47,131352,128],{"class":61},[47,131354,7872],{"class":65},[47,131356,128],{"class":61},[47,131358,136],{"class":98},[47,131360,62],{"class":61},[47,131362,131363],{"class":65},"Lee",[47,131365,128],{"class":61},[47,131367,106],{"class":98},[47,131369,131370,131372,131374,131376],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131371,95],{"class":94},[47,131373,99],{"class":98},[47,131375,192],{"class":102},[47,131377,106],{"class":98},[447,131379,131381],{"id":131380},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131383,131384,131385,445],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131386,126278],{},[20,131388,131389],{},"Problem:",[38,131391,131393],{"className":40,"code":131392,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131394,131395,131429],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131396,131397,131399,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409,131411,131413,131415,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131398,34884],{"class":53},[47,131400,58],{"class":57},[47,131402,62],{"class":61},[47,131404,45092],{"class":65},[47,131406,130615],{"class":80},[47,131408,1210],{"class":65},[47,131410,128],{"class":61},[47,131412,445],{"class":98},[47,131414,129998],{"class":102},[47,131416,99],{"class":98},[47,131418,8180],{"class":951},[47,131420,58],{"class":57},[47,131422,128],{"class":61},[47,131424,7872],{"class":65},[47,131426,128],{"class":61},[47,131428,106],{"class":98},[47,131430,131431,131433,131435,131437],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131432,95],{"class":94},[47,131434,99],{"class":98},[47,131436,192],{"class":102},[47,131438,106],{"class":98},[20,131440,131321],{},[38,131442,131444],{"className":40,"code":131443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131445,131446,131480],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131447,131448,131450,131452,131454,131456,131458,131460,131462,131464,131466,131468,131470,131472,131474,131476,131478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131449,34884],{"class":53},[47,131451,58],{"class":57},[47,131453,62],{"class":61},[47,131455,45092],{"class":65},[47,131457,130615],{"class":80},[47,131459,1210],{"class":65},[47,131461,128],{"class":61},[47,131463,445],{"class":98},[47,131465,129998],{"class":102},[47,131467,99],{"class":98},[47,131469,103],{"class":951},[47,131471,58],{"class":57},[47,131473,128],{"class":61},[47,131475,7872],{"class":65},[47,131477,128],{"class":61},[47,131479,106],{"class":98},[47,131481,131482,131484,131486,131488],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131483,95],{"class":94},[47,131485,99],{"class":98},[47,131487,192],{"class":102},[47,131489,106],{"class":98},[447,131491,1807,131493,131495],{"id":131492},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131494,126278],{}," to change the original string",[20,131497,131498,131500],{},[15,131499,126278],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131502,131389],{},[38,131504,131506],{"className":40,"code":131505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131507,131508,131522,131540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131509,131510,131512,131514,131516,131518,131520],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131511,34884],{"class":53},[47,131513,58],{"class":57},[47,131515,62],{"class":61},[47,131517,45092],{"class":65},[47,131519,3984],{"class":80},[47,131521,69],{"class":61},[47,131523,131524,131526,131528,131530,131532,131534,131536,131538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131525,192],{"class":53},[47,131527,445],{"class":98},[47,131529,129998],{"class":102},[47,131531,99],{"class":98},[47,131533,128],{"class":61},[47,131535,7872],{"class":65},[47,131537,128],{"class":61},[47,131539,106],{"class":98},[47,131541,131542,131544,131546,131548],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,131543,95],{"class":94},[47,131545,99],{"class":98},[47,131547,192],{"class":102},[47,131549,106],{"class":98},[20,131551,131552],{},[280,131553,144],{},[38,131555,131557],{"className":40,"code":131556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131558,131559],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131560,131561,131563,131565],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131562,131],{"class":53},[47,131564,136],{"class":98},[47,131566,10030],{"class":98},[20,131568,131321],{},[38,131570,131572],{"className":40,"code":131571,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131573,131574,131588,131610],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131575,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131577,34884],{"class":53},[47,131579,58],{"class":57},[47,131581,62],{"class":61},[47,131583,45092],{"class":65},[47,131585,3984],{"class":80},[47,131587,69],{"class":61},[47,131589,131590,131592,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131591,34884],{"class":53},[47,131593,58],{"class":57},[47,131595,43031],{"class":53},[47,131597,445],{"class":98},[47,131599,129998],{"class":102},[47,131601,99],{"class":98},[47,131603,128],{"class":61},[47,131605,7872],{"class":65},[47,131607,128],{"class":61},[47,131609,106],{"class":98},[47,131611,131612,131614,131616,131618],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,131613,95],{"class":94},[47,131615,99],{"class":98},[47,131617,192],{"class":102},[47,131619,106],{"class":98},[447,131621,4900,131623,131625],{"id":131622},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131624,126278],{}," returns a new string",[20,131627,131628],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[447,131630,131632],{"id":131631},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131634,131635],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131637,131638,131639,131641],{},"Use simple ",[15,131640,3984],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131643,131644,131645,445],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[594,131646,1803],{"href":1802},[33,131648,68080],{"id":68079},[20,131650,131651],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[38,131653,131655],{"className":40,"code":131654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131656,131657,131667,131681,131710],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131658,131659,131661,131663,131665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131660,95],{"class":94},[47,131662,99],{"class":98},[47,131664,192],{"class":102},[47,131666,106],{"class":98},[47,131668,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131670,95],{"class":94},[47,131672,99],{"class":98},[47,131674,1922],{"class":1788},[47,131676,99],{"class":98},[47,131678,2668],{"class":102},[47,131680,1796],{"class":98},[47,131682,131683,131685,131687,131689,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706,131708],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,131684,95],{"class":94},[47,131686,99],{"class":98},[47,131688,128],{"class":61},[47,131690,131691],{"class":65},"Hello ",[47,131693,3984],{"class":80},[47,131695,128],{"class":61},[47,131697,445],{"class":98},[47,131699,129998],{"class":102},[47,131701,99],{"class":98},[47,131703,128],{"class":61},[47,131705,7872],{"class":65},[47,131707,128],{"class":61},[47,131709,1796],{"class":98},[47,131711,131712,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,131713,1934],{"class":94},[47,131715,99],{"class":98},[47,131717,3636],{"class":1788},[47,131719,445],{"class":98},[47,131721,129998],{"class":24948},[47,131723,106],{"class":98},[20,131725,131726],{},"Use them to check:",[187,131728,131729,131732,131735,131738],{},[190,131730,131731],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[190,131733,131734],{},"what type your value has",[190,131736,131737],{},"whether a small test example works",[190,131739,131740,131741],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131742,131743],{},"str.format",[33,131745,1969],{"id":1968},[447,131747,129779,131749,12910],{"id":131748},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131750,126278],{},[20,131752,131753],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[447,131755,131757],{"id":131756},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131759,131760,131761,131763],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131762,3984],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[447,131765,131767,131768,2009],{"id":131766},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131769,126278],{},[20,131771,131772,131773,131776],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131774,131775],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[447,131778,15097,131780,131782],{"id":131779},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131781,126278],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131784,131785,131786,131788],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131787,126278],{}," is still useful and common.",[33,131790,2075],{"id":2074},[187,131792,131793,131797,131801,131807,131813],{},[190,131794,131795],{},[594,131796,125030],{"href":596},[190,131798,131799],{},[594,131800,2099],{"href":1052},[190,131802,131803],{},[594,131804,13,131805,2088],{"href":46637},[15,131806,17],{},[190,131808,131809],{},[594,131810,13,131811,2088],{"href":795},[15,131812,798],{},[190,131814,131815],{},[594,131816,1803],{"href":1802},[2110,131818,131819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":131821},[131822,131823,131825,131826,131827,131828,131829,131830,131832,131841,131842,131851],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":130065,"depth":72,"text":131824},"What the format() method does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":130346,"depth":72,"text":130347},{"id":130608,"depth":72,"text":130609},{"id":130839,"depth":72,"text":130840},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":131142,"depth":72,"text":131831},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":131833},[131834,131835,131836,131838,131840],{"id":131263,"depth":84,"text":131264},{"id":131380,"depth":84,"text":131381},{"id":131492,"depth":84,"text":131837},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131622,"depth":84,"text":131839},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131631,"depth":84,"text":131632},{"id":68079,"depth":72,"text":68080},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":131843},[131844,131846,131847,131849],{"id":131748,"depth":84,"text":131845},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131756,"depth":84,"text":131757},{"id":131766,"depth":84,"text":131848},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131779,"depth":84,"text":131850},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129925,"description":131852},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131859,"title":131860,"body":131861,"description":133341,"extension":2167,"meta":133342,"navigation":87,"path":133343,"seo":133344,"stem":133345,"__hash__":133346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131862,"toc":133313},[131863,131868,131873,131878,131880,131942,131949,131955,131960,131962,131978,131980,132051,132053,132067,132070,132120,132122,132124,132151,132154,132169,132172,132213,132216,132261,132268,132317,132319,132327,132329,132347,132349,132442,132450,132491,132496,132503,132509,132516,132519,132523,132624,132626,132648,132652,132705,132708,132711,132717,132724,132726,132765,132767,132785,132795,132802,132885,132888,132895,132902,132909,132913,132921,132967,132971,132980,133045,133050,133055,133066,133068,133073,133100,133102,133205,133208,133228,133230,133235,133238,133242,133246,133253,133262,133268,133271,133277,133279,133281,133310],[10,131864,123275,131866,11516],{"id":131865},"python-string-index-method",[15,131867,59152],{},[20,131869,123280,131870,131872],{},[15,131871,59152],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131874,131875,131876,445],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131877,40894],{},[33,131879,36],{"id":35},[38,131881,131883],{"className":40,"code":131882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131884,131885,131897,131919,131929,131933,131937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131886,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131888,34884],{"class":53},[47,131890,58],{"class":57},[47,131892,62],{"class":61},[47,131894,60591],{"class":65},[47,131896,69],{"class":61},[47,131898,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,131900,65105],{"class":53},[47,131902,58],{"class":57},[47,131904,43031],{"class":53},[47,131906,445],{"class":98},[47,131908,36041],{"class":102},[47,131910,99],{"class":98},[47,131912,128],{"class":61},[47,131914,60776],{"class":65},[47,131916,128],{"class":61},[47,131918,106],{"class":98},[47,131920,131921,131923,131925,131927],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,131922,95],{"class":94},[47,131924,99],{"class":98},[47,131926,65132],{"class":102},[47,131928,106],{"class":98},[47,131930,131931],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,131932,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,131934,131935],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,131936,90744],{"class":3857},[47,131938,131939],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,131940,131941],{"class":3857},"# 6\n",[20,131943,167,131944,131946,131947,445],{},[15,131945,59152],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131948,40894],{},[33,131950,174,131952,177],{"id":131951},"what-strindex-does",[15,131953,131954],{},"str.index()",[20,131956,131957,131959],{},[15,131958,131954],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131961,13247],{},[187,131963,131964,131967,131970,131973],{},[190,131965,131966],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[190,131968,131969],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[190,131971,131972],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[190,131974,30492,131975,131977],{},[15,131976,40894],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131979,204],{},[38,131981,131983],{"className":40,"code":131982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131984,131985,131997,132001,132026],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,131986,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,131988,34884],{"class":53},[47,131990,58],{"class":57},[47,131992,62],{"class":61},[47,131994,4281],{"class":65},[47,131996,69],{"class":61},[47,131998,131999],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132000,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,132002,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,132004,95],{"class":94},[47,132006,99],{"class":98},[47,132008,192],{"class":102},[47,132010,445],{"class":98},[47,132012,36041],{"class":102},[47,132014,99],{"class":98},[47,132016,128],{"class":61},[47,132018,594],{"class":65},[47,132020,128],{"class":61},[47,132022,5556],{"class":98},[47,132024,132025],{"class":3857},"     # 1\n",[47,132027,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,132029,95],{"class":94},[47,132031,99],{"class":98},[47,132033,192],{"class":102},[47,132035,445],{"class":98},[47,132037,36041],{"class":102},[47,132039,99],{"class":98},[47,132041,128],{"class":61},[47,132043,123368],{"class":65},[47,132045,128],{"class":61},[47,132047,5556],{"class":98},[47,132049,132050],{"class":3857},"    # 2\n",[20,132052,2379],{},[187,132054,132055,132061],{},[190,132056,132057,128488,132059],{},[15,132058,18292],{},[15,132060,1476],{},[190,132062,132063,128488,132065],{},[15,132064,128487],{},[15,132066,243],{},[20,132068,132069],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[38,132071,132073],{"className":40,"code":132072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132074,132075,132087,132091,132115],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132076,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132078,34884],{"class":53},[47,132080,58],{"class":57},[47,132082,62],{"class":61},[47,132084,131],{"class":65},[47,132086,69],{"class":61},[47,132088,132089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132090,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,132092,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,132094,95],{"class":94},[47,132096,99],{"class":98},[47,132098,192],{"class":102},[47,132100,445],{"class":98},[47,132102,36041],{"class":102},[47,132104,99],{"class":98},[47,132106,128],{"class":61},[47,132108,51376],{"class":65},[47,132110,128],{"class":61},[47,132112,5556],{"class":98},[47,132114,20965],{"class":3857},[47,132116,132117],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,132118,132119],{"class":3857},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[33,132121,290],{"id":289},[20,132123,2360],{},[38,132125,132127],{"className":40,"code":132126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132128,132129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132130,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132132,61359],{"class":53},[47,132134,445],{"class":98},[47,132136,36041],{"class":102},[47,132138,99],{"class":98},[47,132140,2668],{"class":102},[47,132142,136],{"class":98},[47,132144,36245],{"class":102},[47,132146,136],{"class":98},[47,132148,1146],{"class":102},[47,132150,106],{"class":98},[20,132152,132153],{},"Parameters:",[187,132155,132156,132160,132164],{},[190,132157,132158,123467],{},[15,132159,2668],{},[190,132161,132162,128534],{},[15,132163,36266],{},[190,132165,132166,132168],{},[15,132167,820],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132170,132171],{},"You can use just the value:",[38,132173,132175],{"className":40,"code":132174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132176,132177,132189],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132178,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132180,34884],{"class":53},[47,132182,58],{"class":57},[47,132184,62],{"class":61},[47,132186,42],{"class":65},[47,132188,69],{"class":61},[47,132190,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132192,95],{"class":94},[47,132194,99],{"class":98},[47,132196,192],{"class":102},[47,132198,445],{"class":98},[47,132200,36041],{"class":102},[47,132202,99],{"class":98},[47,132204,128],{"class":61},[47,132206,63472],{"class":65},[47,132208,128],{"class":61},[47,132210,5556],{"class":98},[47,132212,51600],{"class":3857},[20,132214,132215],{},"Or include a start position:",[38,132217,132219],{"className":40,"code":132218,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132220,132221,132233],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132222,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132224,34884],{"class":53},[47,132226,58],{"class":57},[47,132228,62],{"class":61},[47,132230,4281],{"class":65},[47,132232,69],{"class":61},[47,132234,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132236,95],{"class":94},[47,132238,99],{"class":98},[47,132240,192],{"class":102},[47,132242,445],{"class":98},[47,132244,36041],{"class":102},[47,132246,99],{"class":98},[47,132248,128],{"class":61},[47,132250,594],{"class":65},[47,132252,128],{"class":61},[47,132254,136],{"class":98},[47,132256,1562],{"class":80},[47,132258,5556],{"class":98},[47,132260,50957],{"class":3857},[20,132262,132263,132264,839,132266,420],{},"Or include both ",[15,132265,36266],{},[15,132267,820],{},[38,132269,132271],{"className":40,"code":132270,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132272,132273,132285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132274,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132276,34884],{"class":53},[47,132278,58],{"class":57},[47,132280,62],{"class":61},[47,132282,4281],{"class":65},[47,132284,69],{"class":61},[47,132286,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307,132309,132311,132313,132315],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132288,95],{"class":94},[47,132290,99],{"class":98},[47,132292,192],{"class":102},[47,132294,445],{"class":98},[47,132296,36041],{"class":102},[47,132298,99],{"class":98},[47,132300,128],{"class":61},[47,132302,594],{"class":65},[47,132304,128],{"class":61},[47,132306,136],{"class":98},[47,132308,1562],{"class":80},[47,132310,136],{"class":98},[47,132312,4800],{"class":80},[47,132314,5556],{"class":98},[47,132316,50957],{"class":3857},[33,132318,38212],{"id":38211},[20,132320,28908,132321,132323,132324,445],{},[15,132322,59152],{}," is a ",[280,132325,132326],{},"zero-based index",[20,132328,2308],{},[187,132330,132331,132337,132342],{},[190,132332,132333,132334,132336],{},"Index ",[15,132335,2321],{}," is the first character",[190,132338,132333,132339,132341],{},[15,132340,1476],{}," is the second character",[190,132343,132333,132344,132346],{},[15,132345,243],{}," is the third character",[20,132348,204],{},[38,132350,132352],{"className":40,"code":132351,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132353,132354,132366,132370,132394,132418],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132355,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132357,34884],{"class":53},[47,132359,58],{"class":57},[47,132361,62],{"class":61},[47,132363,37239],{"class":65},[47,132365,69],{"class":61},[47,132367,132368],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132369,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,132371,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,132373,95],{"class":94},[47,132375,99],{"class":98},[47,132377,192],{"class":102},[47,132379,445],{"class":98},[47,132381,36041],{"class":102},[47,132383,99],{"class":98},[47,132385,128],{"class":61},[47,132387,9931],{"class":65},[47,132389,128],{"class":61},[47,132391,5556],{"class":98},[47,132393,51432],{"class":3857},[47,132395,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412,132414,132416],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,132397,95],{"class":94},[47,132399,99],{"class":98},[47,132401,192],{"class":102},[47,132403,445],{"class":98},[47,132405,36041],{"class":102},[47,132407,99],{"class":98},[47,132409,128],{"class":61},[47,132411,594],{"class":65},[47,132413,128],{"class":61},[47,132415,5556],{"class":98},[47,132417,27979],{"class":3857},[47,132419,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,132421,95],{"class":94},[47,132423,99],{"class":98},[47,132425,192],{"class":102},[47,132427,445],{"class":98},[47,132429,36041],{"class":102},[47,132431,99],{"class":98},[47,132433,128],{"class":61},[47,132435,63472],{"class":65},[47,132437,128],{"class":61},[47,132439,5556],{"class":98},[47,132441,51600],{"class":3857},[20,132443,132444,132446,132447,132449],{},[15,132445,59152],{}," returns only the ",[280,132448,30107],{}," matching position.",[38,132451,132453],{"className":40,"code":132452,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132454,132455,132467],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132456,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132458,34884],{"class":53},[47,132460,58],{"class":57},[47,132462,62],{"class":61},[47,132464,4281],{"class":65},[47,132466,69],{"class":61},[47,132468,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132470,95],{"class":94},[47,132472,99],{"class":98},[47,132474,192],{"class":102},[47,132476,445],{"class":98},[47,132478,36041],{"class":102},[47,132480,99],{"class":98},[47,132482,128],{"class":61},[47,132484,594],{"class":65},[47,132486,128],{"class":61},[47,132488,5556],{"class":98},[47,132490,27979],{"class":3857},[20,132492,21175,132493,132495],{},[15,132494,18292],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132497,132498,132499,445],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[594,132500,132501,10934],{"href":124725},[15,132502,58774],{},[33,132504,1654,132505,839,132507],{"id":65591},[15,132506,36266],{},[15,132508,820],{},[20,132510,850,132511,839,132513,132515],{},[15,132512,36266],{},[15,132514,820],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132517,132518],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132520,46228,132521,420],{},[15,132522,36266],{},[38,132524,132526],{"className":40,"code":132525,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132527,132528,132540,132544,132568,132596],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132529,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132531,34884],{"class":53},[47,132533,58],{"class":57},[47,132535,62],{"class":61},[47,132537,4281],{"class":65},[47,132539,69],{"class":61},[47,132541,132542],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132543,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,132545,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,132547,95],{"class":94},[47,132549,99],{"class":98},[47,132551,192],{"class":102},[47,132553,445],{"class":98},[47,132555,36041],{"class":102},[47,132557,99],{"class":98},[47,132559,128],{"class":61},[47,132561,594],{"class":65},[47,132563,128],{"class":61},[47,132565,5556],{"class":98},[47,132567,51305],{"class":3857},[47,132569,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,132571,95],{"class":94},[47,132573,99],{"class":98},[47,132575,192],{"class":102},[47,132577,445],{"class":98},[47,132579,36041],{"class":102},[47,132581,99],{"class":98},[47,132583,128],{"class":61},[47,132585,594],{"class":65},[47,132587,128],{"class":61},[47,132589,136],{"class":98},[47,132591,1562],{"class":80},[47,132593,5556],{"class":98},[47,132595,51156],{"class":3857},[47,132597,132598,132600,132602,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,132599,95],{"class":94},[47,132601,99],{"class":98},[47,132603,192],{"class":102},[47,132605,445],{"class":98},[47,132607,36041],{"class":102},[47,132609,99],{"class":98},[47,132611,128],{"class":61},[47,132613,594],{"class":65},[47,132615,128],{"class":61},[47,132617,136],{"class":98},[47,132619,393],{"class":80},[47,132621,5556],{"class":98},[47,132623,50940],{"class":3857},[20,132625,20154],{},[187,132627,132628,132635,132641],{},[190,132629,132630,132631,65781,132633],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132632,18292],{},[15,132634,1476],{},[190,132636,132637,132638,132640],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132639,243],{}," skips that first match",[190,132642,132637,132643,132645,132646],{},[15,132644,2700],{}," finds the last ",[15,132647,18292],{},[20,132649,46228,132650,420],{},[15,132651,820],{},[38,132653,132655],{"className":40,"code":132654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132656,132657,132669,132673],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132658,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132660,34884],{"class":53},[47,132662,58],{"class":57},[47,132664,62],{"class":61},[47,132666,4281],{"class":65},[47,132668,69],{"class":61},[47,132670,132671],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132672,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,132674,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,132676,95],{"class":94},[47,132678,99],{"class":98},[47,132680,192],{"class":102},[47,132682,445],{"class":98},[47,132684,36041],{"class":102},[47,132686,99],{"class":98},[47,132688,128],{"class":61},[47,132690,76214],{"class":65},[47,132692,128],{"class":61},[47,132694,136],{"class":98},[47,132696,4026],{"class":80},[47,132698,136],{"class":98},[47,132700,393],{"class":80},[47,132702,5556],{"class":98},[47,132704,51600],{"class":3857},[20,132706,132707],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132709,132710],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[33,132712,44403,132714,132716],{"id":132713},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132715,59152],{}," causes an error",[20,132718,132719,132720,52680,132722,445],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132721,59152],{},[15,132723,40894],{},[20,132725,204],{},[38,132727,132729],{"className":40,"code":132728,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132730,132731,132743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132732,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132734,34884],{"class":53},[47,132736,58],{"class":57},[47,132738,62],{"class":61},[47,132740,4038],{"class":65},[47,132742,69],{"class":61},[47,132744,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132746,95],{"class":94},[47,132748,99],{"class":98},[47,132750,192],{"class":102},[47,132752,445],{"class":98},[47,132754,36041],{"class":102},[47,132756,99],{"class":98},[47,132758,128],{"class":61},[47,132760,22274],{"class":65},[47,132762,128],{"class":61},[47,132764,1796],{"class":98},[20,132766,144],{},[38,132768,132770],{"className":40,"code":132769,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132771,132772],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132773,132774,132776,132778,132781,132783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132775,40894],{"class":1788},[47,132777,420],{"class":98},[47,132779,132780],{"class":53}," substring ",[47,132782,4826],{"class":57},[47,132784,66014],{"class":53},[20,132786,53526,132787,126241,132792,132794],{},[594,132788,132789],{"href":129919},[15,132790,132791],{},"str.find()",[15,132793,66039],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132796,132797,132798,839,132800,420],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132799,30002],{},[15,132801,30033],{},[38,132803,132805],{"className":40,"code":132804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132806,132807,132819,132823,132829,132852,132862,132870],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132808,132809,132811,132813,132815,132817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132810,34884],{"class":53},[47,132812,58],{"class":57},[47,132814,62],{"class":61},[47,132816,4038],{"class":65},[47,132818,69],{"class":61},[47,132820,132821],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132822,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,132824,132825,132827],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,132826,30002],{"class":1461},[47,132828,6586],{"class":98},[47,132830,132831,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,132832,132833],{"class":53},"    position ",[47,132835,58],{"class":57},[47,132837,43031],{"class":53},[47,132839,445],{"class":98},[47,132841,36041],{"class":102},[47,132843,99],{"class":98},[47,132845,128],{"class":61},[47,132847,22274],{"class":65},[47,132849,128],{"class":61},[47,132851,106],{"class":98},[47,132853,132854,132856,132858,132860],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,132855,1499],{"class":94},[47,132857,99],{"class":98},[47,132859,65132],{"class":102},[47,132861,106],{"class":98},[47,132863,132864,132866,132868],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,132865,30033],{"class":1461},[47,132867,42116],{"class":1788},[47,132869,6586],{"class":98},[47,132871,132872,132874,132876,132878,132881,132883],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,132873,1499],{"class":94},[47,132875,99],{"class":98},[47,132877,128],{"class":61},[47,132879,132880],{"class":65},"Substring not found",[47,132882,128],{"class":61},[47,132884,106],{"class":98},[20,132886,132887],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132889,42136,132890,445],{},[594,132891,25878,132893],{"href":132892},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132894,129246],{},[33,132896,132898,10778,132900],{"id":132897},"index-vs-find",[15,132899,59152],{},[15,132901,124270],{},[20,132903,132904,839,132906,132908],{},[15,132905,59152],{},[15,132907,124270],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[447,132910,132911],{"id":36041},[15,132912,59152],{},[187,132914,132915,132918],{},[190,132916,132917],{},"Returns the first match position",[190,132919,132920],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[38,132922,132924],{"className":40,"code":132923,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132925,132926,132938,132962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132927,132928,132930,132932,132934,132936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132929,34884],{"class":53},[47,132931,58],{"class":57},[47,132933,62],{"class":61},[47,132935,4038],{"class":65},[47,132937,69],{"class":61},[47,132939,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956,132958,132960],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,132941,95],{"class":94},[47,132943,99],{"class":98},[47,132945,192],{"class":102},[47,132947,445],{"class":98},[47,132949,36041],{"class":102},[47,132951,99],{"class":98},[47,132953,128],{"class":61},[47,132955,60632],{"class":65},[47,132957,128],{"class":61},[47,132959,5556],{"class":98},[47,132961,27979],{"class":3857},[47,132963,132964],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,132965,132966],{"class":3857},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[447,132968,132969],{"id":128300},[15,132970,124270],{},[187,132972,132973,132975],{},[190,132974,132917],{},[190,132976,11618,132977,132979],{},[15,132978,66039],{}," if nothing is found",[38,132981,132983],{"className":40,"code":132982,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132984,132985,132997,133021],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,132986,132987,132989,132991,132993,132995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,132988,34884],{"class":53},[47,132990,58],{"class":57},[47,132992,62],{"class":61},[47,132994,4038],{"class":65},[47,132996,69],{"class":61},[47,132998,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133019],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133000,95],{"class":94},[47,133002,99],{"class":98},[47,133004,192],{"class":102},[47,133006,445],{"class":98},[47,133008,128300],{"class":102},[47,133010,99],{"class":98},[47,133012,128],{"class":61},[47,133014,60632],{"class":65},[47,133016,128],{"class":61},[47,133018,5556],{"class":98},[47,133020,27979],{"class":3857},[47,133022,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,133024,95],{"class":94},[47,133026,99],{"class":98},[47,133028,192],{"class":102},[47,133030,445],{"class":98},[47,133032,128300],{"class":102},[47,133034,99],{"class":98},[47,133036,128],{"class":61},[47,133038,22274],{"class":65},[47,133040,128],{"class":61},[47,133042,5556],{"class":98},[47,133044,128656],{"class":3857},[20,133046,167,133047,133049],{},[15,133048,59152],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133051,167,133052,133054],{},[15,133053,124270],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133056,133057,133058,3072,133063,445],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[594,133059,133060,133062],{"href":129919},[15,133061,132791],{}," method reference",[594,133064,127311],{"href":133065},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[33,133067,1595],{"id":1594},[20,133069,133070,133071,420],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133072,59152],{},[187,133074,133075,133078,133085,133090,133095],{},[190,133076,133077],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[190,133079,1807,133080,8648,133082,133084],{},[15,133081,59152],{},[15,133083,66039],{}," when no match exists",[190,133086,1654,133087,133089],{},[15,133088,59152],{}," on a value that may not be present",[190,133091,133092,133093],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133094,1476],{},[190,133096,4774,133097,133099],{},[15,133098,59152],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133101,62480],{},[38,133103,133105],{"className":40,"code":133104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133106,133107,133117,133131,133153,133175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133108,133109,133111,133113,133115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133110,95],{"class":94},[47,133112,99],{"class":98},[47,133114,192],{"class":102},[47,133116,106],{"class":98},[47,133118,133119,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133120,95],{"class":94},[47,133122,99],{"class":98},[47,133124,41969],{"class":94},[47,133126,99],{"class":98},[47,133128,192],{"class":102},[47,133130,1796],{"class":98},[47,133132,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141,133143,133145,133147,133149,133151],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,133134,95],{"class":94},[47,133136,99],{"class":98},[47,133138,192],{"class":102},[47,133140,445],{"class":98},[47,133142,36041],{"class":102},[47,133144,99],{"class":98},[47,133146,128],{"class":61},[47,133148,2668],{"class":65},[47,133150,128],{"class":61},[47,133152,1796],{"class":98},[47,133154,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167,133169,133171,133173],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,133156,95],{"class":94},[47,133158,99],{"class":98},[47,133160,192],{"class":102},[47,133162,445],{"class":98},[47,133164,128300],{"class":102},[47,133166,99],{"class":98},[47,133168,128],{"class":61},[47,133170,2668],{"class":65},[47,133172,128],{"class":61},[47,133174,1796],{"class":98},[47,133176,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,133178,95],{"class":94},[47,133180,99],{"class":98},[47,133182,192],{"class":102},[47,133184,445],{"class":98},[47,133186,36041],{"class":102},[47,133188,99],{"class":98},[47,133190,128],{"class":61},[47,133192,2668],{"class":65},[47,133194,128],{"class":61},[47,133196,136],{"class":98},[47,133198,36245],{"class":102},[47,133200,136],{"class":98},[47,133202,1146],{"class":102},[47,133204,1796],{"class":98},[20,133206,133207],{},"Tips:",[187,133209,133210,133215,133220,133223],{},[190,133211,167,133212,133214],{},[15,133213,126197],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[190,133216,167,133217,133219],{},[15,133218,124270],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[190,133221,133222],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[190,133224,133225,133226],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133227,2321],{},[33,133229,1969],{"id":1968},[447,133231,129779,133233,12910],{"id":133232},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133234,59152],{},[20,133236,133237],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[447,133239,133241],{"id":133240},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133243,77042,133244,445],{},[15,133245,40894],{},[447,133247,2055,133249,839,133251,2009],{"id":133248},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133250,59152],{},[15,133252,124270],{},[20,133254,133255,133257,133258,1270,133260,6825],{},[15,133256,59152],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133259,124270],{},[15,133261,66039],{},[447,133263,1989,133265,133267],{"id":133264},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133266,59152],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133269,133270],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[447,133272,133274,133275,124611],{"id":133273},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133276,59152],{},[20,133278,129804],{},[33,133280,2075],{"id":2074},[187,133282,133283,133289,133293,133298,133304],{},[190,133284,133285],{},[594,133286,133287,10934],{"href":129919},[15,133288,132791],{},[190,133290,133291],{},[594,133292,124674],{"href":133065},[190,133294,133295],{},[594,133296,129880],{"href":133297},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[190,133299,133300],{},[594,133301,133302,10934],{"href":124725},[15,133303,58774],{},[190,133305,133306],{},[594,133307,30546,133308],{"href":132892},[15,133309,129246],{},[2110,133311,133312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132897,"depth":72,"text":133324,"children":133325},"index() vs find()",[133326,133327],{"id":36041,"depth":84,"text":59152},{"id":128300,"depth":84,"text":124270},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":133330},[133331,133333,133334,133336,133338],{"id":133232,"depth":84,"text":133332},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133240,"depth":84,"text":133241},{"id":133248,"depth":84,"text":133335},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133264,"depth":84,"text":133337},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133273,"depth":84,"text":133339},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131860,"description":133341},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133348,"title":133349,"body":133350,"description":136125,"extension":2167,"meta":136126,"navigation":87,"path":136127,"seo":136128,"stem":136129,"__hash__":136130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133351,"toc":136061},[133352,133358,133363,133366,133369,133380,133382,133451,133453,133467,133472,133477,133482,133484,133527,133529,133612,133614,133660,133666,133668,133670,133690,133692,133715,133717,133791,133793,133812,133817,133819,133823,133895,133897,133911,133915,133991,133993,134012,134016,134110,134112,134121,134128,134204,134206,134224,134228,134231,134238,134287,134289,134298,134305,134364,134366,134384,134387,134394,134453,134455,134473,134480,134537,134539,134548,134552,134557,134561,134620,134622,134640,134644,134691,134696,134699,134768,134770,134787,134794,134800,134855,134860,134863,134940,134942,134960,134966,134972,135032,135034,135053,135059,135062,135069,135122,135127,135129,135190,135199,135206,135208,135265,135270,135272,135343,135347,135402,135404,135413,135418,135424,135493,135495,135527,135533,135541,135548,135554,135619,135621,135630,135636,135717,135719,135728,135733,135747,135754,135758,135763,135791,135793,135926,135929,135966,135968,135974,135983,135988,135991,135996,136001,136007,136010,136019,136022,136024,136053,136058],[10,133353,123275,133355,11516],{"id":133354},"python-string-join-method",[15,133356,133357],{},"join()",[20,133359,123280,133360,133362],{},[15,133361,133357],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133364,133365],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133367,133368],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[187,133370,133371,133377],{},[190,133372,133373,133374,133376],{},"You call ",[15,133375,133357],{}," on the separator string",[190,133378,133379],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[33,133381,3800],{"id":3799},[38,133383,133385],{"className":40,"code":133384,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133386,133387,133420,133441],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133388,133389,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133416,133418],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133390,4263],{"class":53},[47,133392,58],{"class":57},[47,133394,3815],{"class":98},[47,133396,128],{"class":61},[47,133398,7492],{"class":65},[47,133400,128],{"class":61},[47,133402,136],{"class":98},[47,133404,62],{"class":61},[47,133406,12388],{"class":65},[47,133408,128],{"class":61},[47,133410,136],{"class":98},[47,133412,62],{"class":61},[47,133414,133415],{"class":65},"fun",[47,133417,128],{"class":61},[47,133419,3828],{"class":98},[47,133421,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133435,133437,133439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133423,1290],{"class":53},[47,133425,58],{"class":57},[47,133427,62],{"class":61},[47,133429,62],{"class":61},[47,133431,445],{"class":98},[47,133433,133434],{"class":102},"join",[47,133436,99],{"class":98},[47,133438,4307],{"class":102},[47,133440,106],{"class":98},[47,133442,133443,133445,133447,133449],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,133444,95],{"class":94},[47,133446,99],{"class":98},[47,133448,1315],{"class":102},[47,133450,106],{"class":98},[20,133452,144],{},[38,133454,133456],{"className":40,"code":133455,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is fun\n",[15,133457,133458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133459,133460,133462,133464],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133461,13],{"class":53},[47,133463,12388],{"class":57},[47,133465,133466],{"class":53}," fun\n",[20,133468,167,133469,133471],{},[15,133470,133357],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[33,133473,174,133475,177],{"id":133474},"what-join-does",[15,133476,133357],{},[20,133478,133479,133481],{},[15,133480,133357],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133483,11653],{},[187,133485,133486,133493,133521,133524],{},[190,133487,133488,133489,133492],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133490,133491],{},".join()"," as the separator",[190,133494,133495,133496],{},"Common separators are:\n",[187,133497,133498,133504,133510,133516],{},[190,133499,133500,133503],{},[15,133501,133502],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[190,133505,133506,133509],{},[15,133507,133508],{},"\", \""," for commas",[190,133511,133512,133515],{},[15,133513,133514],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[190,133517,133518,133520],{},[15,133519,1151],{}," for no separator",[190,133522,133523],{},"It returns a new string",[190,133525,133526],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133528,204],{},[38,133530,133532],{"className":40,"code":133531,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133533,133534,133566,133588,133592,133602],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133535,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133537,4263],{"class":53},[47,133539,58],{"class":57},[47,133541,3815],{"class":98},[47,133543,128],{"class":61},[47,133545,876],{"class":65},[47,133547,128],{"class":61},[47,133549,136],{"class":98},[47,133551,62],{"class":61},[47,133553,885],{"class":65},[47,133555,128],{"class":61},[47,133557,136],{"class":98},[47,133559,62],{"class":61},[47,133561,894],{"class":65},[47,133563,128],{"class":61},[47,133565,3828],{"class":98},[47,133567,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133569,1290],{"class":53},[47,133571,58],{"class":57},[47,133573,62],{"class":61},[47,133575,2390],{"class":65},[47,133577,128],{"class":61},[47,133579,445],{"class":98},[47,133581,133434],{"class":102},[47,133583,99],{"class":98},[47,133585,4307],{"class":102},[47,133587,106],{"class":98},[47,133589,133590],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,133591,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,133593,133594,133596,133598,133600],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,133595,95],{"class":94},[47,133597,99],{"class":98},[47,133599,1315],{"class":102},[47,133601,106],{"class":98},[47,133603,133604,133606,133608,133610],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,133605,95],{"class":94},[47,133607,99],{"class":98},[47,133609,4307],{"class":102},[47,133611,106],{"class":98},[20,133613,144],{},[38,133615,133617],{"className":40,"code":133616,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133618,133619,133632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133620,133621,133623,133625,133628,133630],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133622,876],{"class":53},[47,133624,136],{"class":98},[47,133626,133627],{"class":53}," green",[47,133629,136],{"class":98},[47,133631,1041],{"class":53},[47,133633,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133635,4092],{"class":98},[47,133637,3493],{"class":61},[47,133639,876],{"class":65},[47,133641,3493],{"class":61},[47,133643,136],{"class":98},[47,133645,3488],{"class":61},[47,133647,885],{"class":65},[47,133649,3493],{"class":61},[47,133651,136],{"class":98},[47,133653,3488],{"class":61},[47,133655,894],{"class":65},[47,133657,3493],{"class":61},[47,133659,3828],{"class":98},[20,133661,133662,133663,133665],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133664,133357],{}," creates a new string.",[33,133667,290],{"id":289},[20,133669,7413],{},[38,133671,133673],{"className":40,"code":133672,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133674,133675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133676,133677,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133678,133679],{"class":53},"separator",[47,133681,445],{"class":98},[47,133683,133434],{"class":102},[47,133685,99],{"class":98},[47,133687,3913],{"class":102},[47,133689,106],{"class":98},[447,133691,49196],{"id":49195},[187,133693,133694,133707,133712],{},[190,133695,133696,133698,133699,2390,133701,2390,133703,2394,133705],{},[15,133697,133679],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133700,133502],{},[15,133702,133508],{},[15,133704,133514],{},[15,133706,1151],{},[190,133708,133709,133711],{},[15,133710,3913],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[190,133713,133714],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133716,204],{},[38,133718,133720],{"className":40,"code":133719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133721,133722,133754,133777,133781],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133723,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133725,5192],{"class":53},[47,133727,58],{"class":57},[47,133729,3815],{"class":98},[47,133731,128],{"class":61},[47,133733,13075],{"class":65},[47,133735,128],{"class":61},[47,133737,136],{"class":98},[47,133739,62],{"class":61},[47,133741,36135],{"class":65},[47,133743,128],{"class":61},[47,133745,136],{"class":98},[47,133747,62],{"class":61},[47,133749,36144],{"class":65},[47,133751,128],{"class":61},[47,133753,3828],{"class":98},[47,133755,133756,133758,133760,133762,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133757,1290],{"class":53},[47,133759,58],{"class":57},[47,133761,62],{"class":61},[47,133763,133764],{"class":65}," | ",[47,133766,128],{"class":61},[47,133768,445],{"class":98},[47,133770,133434],{"class":102},[47,133772,99],{"class":98},[47,133774,5236],{"class":102},[47,133776,106],{"class":98},[47,133778,133779],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,133780,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,133782,133783,133785,133787,133789],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,133784,95],{"class":94},[47,133786,99],{"class":98},[47,133788,1315],{"class":102},[47,133790,106],{"class":98},[20,133792,144],{},[38,133794,133796],{"className":40,"code":133795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133797,133798],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133799,133800,133803,133805,133808,133810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133801,133802],{"class":53},"Ana ",[47,133804,113782],{"class":57},[47,133806,133807],{"class":53}," Ben ",[47,133809,113782],{"class":57},[47,133811,36215],{"class":53},[20,133813,133814,133815,445],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[594,133816,125030],{"href":596},[33,133818,121806],{"id":121805},[447,133820,133822],{"id":133821},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[38,133824,133826],{"className":40,"code":133825,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133827,133828,133861,133881,133885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133829,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133857,133859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133831,4263],{"class":53},[47,133833,58],{"class":57},[47,133835,3815],{"class":98},[47,133837,128],{"class":61},[47,133839,7492],{"class":65},[47,133841,128],{"class":61},[47,133843,136],{"class":98},[47,133845,62],{"class":61},[47,133847,12388],{"class":65},[47,133849,128],{"class":61},[47,133851,136],{"class":98},[47,133853,62],{"class":61},[47,133855,133856],{"class":65},"easy",[47,133858,128],{"class":61},[47,133860,3828],{"class":98},[47,133862,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133864,1290],{"class":53},[47,133866,58],{"class":57},[47,133868,62],{"class":61},[47,133870,62],{"class":61},[47,133872,445],{"class":98},[47,133874,133434],{"class":102},[47,133876,99],{"class":98},[47,133878,4307],{"class":102},[47,133880,106],{"class":98},[47,133882,133883],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,133884,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,133886,133887,133889,133891,133893],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,133888,95],{"class":94},[47,133890,99],{"class":98},[47,133892,1315],{"class":102},[47,133894,106],{"class":98},[20,133896,144],{},[38,133898,133900],{"className":40,"code":133899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python is easy\n",[15,133901,133902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133903,133904,133906,133908],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133905,13],{"class":53},[47,133907,12388],{"class":57},[47,133909,133910],{"class":53}," easy\n",[447,133912,133914],{"id":133913},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[38,133916,133918],{"className":40,"code":133917,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133919,133920,133955,133977,133981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133921,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133933,133935,133937,133939,133942,133944,133946,133948,133951,133953],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,133923,7975],{"class":53},[47,133925,58],{"class":57},[47,133927,3815],{"class":98},[47,133929,128],{"class":61},[47,133931,133932],{"class":65},"apples",[47,133934,128],{"class":61},[47,133936,136],{"class":98},[47,133938,62],{"class":61},[47,133940,133941],{"class":65},"bananas",[47,133943,128],{"class":61},[47,133945,136],{"class":98},[47,133947,62],{"class":61},[47,133949,133950],{"class":65},"oranges",[47,133952,128],{"class":61},[47,133954,3828],{"class":98},[47,133956,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,133958,1290],{"class":53},[47,133960,58],{"class":57},[47,133962,62],{"class":61},[47,133964,2390],{"class":65},[47,133966,128],{"class":61},[47,133968,445],{"class":98},[47,133970,133434],{"class":102},[47,133972,99],{"class":98},[47,133974,8006],{"class":102},[47,133976,106],{"class":98},[47,133978,133979],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,133980,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,133982,133983,133985,133987,133989],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,133984,95],{"class":94},[47,133986,99],{"class":98},[47,133988,1315],{"class":102},[47,133990,106],{"class":98},[20,133992,144],{},[38,133994,133996],{"className":40,"code":133995,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133997,133998],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,133999,134000,134002,134004,134007,134009],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134001,133932],{"class":53},[47,134003,136],{"class":98},[47,134005,134006],{"class":53}," bananas",[47,134008,136],{"class":98},[47,134010,134011],{"class":53}," oranges\n",[447,134013,134015],{"id":134014},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[38,134017,134019],{"className":40,"code":134018,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134020,134021,134078,134096,134100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134022,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134024,36284],{"class":53},[47,134026,58],{"class":57},[47,134028,3815],{"class":98},[47,134030,128],{"class":61},[47,134032,134033],{"class":65},"P",[47,134035,128],{"class":61},[47,134037,136],{"class":98},[47,134039,62],{"class":61},[47,134041,11941],{"class":65},[47,134043,128],{"class":61},[47,134045,136],{"class":98},[47,134047,62],{"class":61},[47,134049,63472],{"class":65},[47,134051,128],{"class":61},[47,134053,136],{"class":98},[47,134055,62],{"class":61},[47,134057,60623],{"class":65},[47,134059,128],{"class":61},[47,134061,136],{"class":98},[47,134063,62],{"class":61},[47,134065,60658],{"class":65},[47,134067,128],{"class":61},[47,134069,136],{"class":98},[47,134071,62],{"class":61},[47,134073,76214],{"class":65},[47,134075,128],{"class":61},[47,134077,3828],{"class":98},[47,134079,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134081,1290],{"class":53},[47,134083,58],{"class":57},[47,134085,6320],{"class":61},[47,134087,445],{"class":98},[47,134089,133434],{"class":102},[47,134091,99],{"class":98},[47,134093,36337],{"class":102},[47,134095,106],{"class":98},[47,134097,134098],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,134099,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,134101,134102,134104,134106,134108],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,134103,95],{"class":94},[47,134105,99],{"class":98},[47,134107,1315],{"class":102},[47,134109,106],{"class":98},[20,134111,144],{},[38,134113,134115],{"className":40,"code":134114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python\n",[15,134116,134117],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134118,134119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134120,134114],{"class":53},[447,134122,134124,134125,134127],{"id":134123},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134126,133357],{}," returns the result",[38,134129,134131],{"className":40,"code":134130,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134132,134133,134166,134189,134193],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134134,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134162,134164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134136,4263],{"class":53},[47,134138,58],{"class":57},[47,134140,3815],{"class":98},[47,134142,128],{"class":61},[47,134144,6779],{"class":65},[47,134146,128],{"class":61},[47,134148,136],{"class":98},[47,134150,62],{"class":61},[47,134152,79455],{"class":65},[47,134154,128],{"class":61},[47,134156,136],{"class":98},[47,134158,62],{"class":61},[47,134160,134161],{"class":65},"three",[47,134163,128],{"class":61},[47,134165,3828],{"class":98},[47,134167,134168,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134169,134170],{"class":53},"joined_text ",[47,134172,58],{"class":57},[47,134174,62],{"class":61},[47,134176,1033],{"class":65},[47,134178,128],{"class":61},[47,134180,445],{"class":98},[47,134182,133434],{"class":102},[47,134184,99],{"class":98},[47,134186,4307],{"class":102},[47,134188,106],{"class":98},[47,134190,134191],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,134192,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,134194,134195,134197,134199,134202],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,134196,95],{"class":94},[47,134198,99],{"class":98},[47,134200,134201],{"class":102},"joined_text",[47,134203,106],{"class":98},[20,134205,144],{},[38,134207,134209],{"className":40,"code":134208,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one-two-three\n",[15,134210,134211],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134212,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134214,6779],{"class":53},[47,134216,1033],{"class":57},[47,134218,79455],{"class":53},[47,134220,1033],{"class":57},[47,134222,134223],{"class":53},"three\n",[33,134225,134227],{"id":134226},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134229,134230],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[447,134232,134234,134237],{"id":134233},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134235,134236],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[38,134239,134241],{"className":40,"code":134240,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134242,134243,134267],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134244,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134246,4263],{"class":53},[47,134248,58],{"class":57},[47,134250,3815],{"class":98},[47,134252,128],{"class":61},[47,134254,4038],{"class":65},[47,134256,128],{"class":61},[47,134258,136],{"class":98},[47,134260,62],{"class":61},[47,134262,60776],{"class":65},[47,134264,128],{"class":61},[47,134266,3828],{"class":98},[47,134268,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134270,95],{"class":94},[47,134272,99],{"class":98},[47,134274,128],{"class":61},[47,134276,62],{"class":61},[47,134278,445],{"class":98},[47,134280,133434],{"class":102},[47,134282,99],{"class":98},[47,134284,4307],{"class":102},[47,134286,1796],{"class":98},[20,134288,144],{},[38,134290,134292],{"className":40,"code":134291,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n",[15,134293,134294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134295,134296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134297,134291],{"class":53},[447,134299,134301,134304],{"id":134300},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134302,134303],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[38,134306,134308],{"className":40,"code":134307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134309,134310,134342],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134311,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134313,13271],{"class":53},[47,134315,58],{"class":57},[47,134317,3815],{"class":98},[47,134319,128],{"class":61},[47,134321,876],{"class":65},[47,134323,128],{"class":61},[47,134325,136],{"class":98},[47,134327,62],{"class":61},[47,134329,894],{"class":65},[47,134331,128],{"class":61},[47,134333,136],{"class":98},[47,134335,62],{"class":61},[47,134337,885],{"class":65},[47,134339,128],{"class":61},[47,134341,3828],{"class":98},[47,134343,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134345,95],{"class":94},[47,134347,99],{"class":98},[47,134349,128],{"class":61},[47,134351,2390],{"class":65},[47,134353,128],{"class":61},[47,134355,445],{"class":98},[47,134357,133434],{"class":102},[47,134359,99],{"class":98},[47,134361,17698],{"class":102},[47,134363,1796],{"class":98},[20,134365,144],{},[38,134367,134369],{"className":40,"code":134368,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134370,134371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134372,134373,134375,134377,134380,134382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134374,876],{"class":53},[47,134376,136],{"class":98},[47,134378,134379],{"class":53}," blue",[47,134381,136],{"class":98},[47,134383,36069],{"class":53},[20,134385,134386],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[447,134388,134390,134393],{"id":134389},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134391,134392],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[38,134395,134397],{"className":40,"code":134396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134398,134399,134431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134400,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134402,43026],{"class":53},[47,134404,58],{"class":57},[47,134406,3815],{"class":98},[47,134408,128],{"class":61},[47,134410,42],{"class":65},[47,134412,128],{"class":61},[47,134414,136],{"class":98},[47,134416,62],{"class":61},[47,134418,61359],{"class":65},[47,134420,128],{"class":61},[47,134422,136],{"class":98},[47,134424,62],{"class":61},[47,134426,133434],{"class":65},[47,134428,128],{"class":61},[47,134430,3828],{"class":98},[47,134432,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134434,95],{"class":94},[47,134436,99],{"class":98},[47,134438,128],{"class":61},[47,134440,1033],{"class":65},[47,134442,128],{"class":61},[47,134444,445],{"class":98},[47,134446,133434],{"class":102},[47,134448,99],{"class":98},[47,134450,43058],{"class":102},[47,134452,1796],{"class":98},[20,134454,144],{},[38,134456,134458],{"className":40,"code":134457,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"python-string-join\n",[15,134459,134460],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134461,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134463,42],{"class":53},[47,134465,1033],{"class":57},[47,134467,61359],{"class":53},[47,134469,1033],{"class":57},[47,134471,134472],{"class":53},"join\n",[447,134474,134476,134479],{"id":134475},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134477,134478],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[38,134481,134483],{"className":40,"code":134482,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134484,134485,134518],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134486,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134514,134516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134488,112854],{"class":53},[47,134490,58],{"class":57},[47,134492,3815],{"class":98},[47,134494,128],{"class":61},[47,134496,22442],{"class":65},[47,134498,128],{"class":61},[47,134500,136],{"class":98},[47,134502,62],{"class":61},[47,134504,30799],{"class":65},[47,134506,128],{"class":61},[47,134508,136],{"class":98},[47,134510,62],{"class":61},[47,134512,134513],{"class":65},"C",[47,134515,128],{"class":61},[47,134517,3828],{"class":98},[47,134519,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134535],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134521,95],{"class":94},[47,134523,99],{"class":98},[47,134525,1151],{"class":61},[47,134527,445],{"class":98},[47,134529,133434],{"class":102},[47,134531,99],{"class":98},[47,134533,134534],{"class":102},"chars",[47,134536,1796],{"class":98},[20,134538,144],{},[38,134540,134542],{"className":40,"code":134541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ABC\n",[15,134543,134544],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134545,134546],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134547,134541],{"class":1213},[33,134549,134551],{"id":134550},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134553,134554,134556],{},[15,134555,133357],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[447,134558,134560],{"id":134559},"this-works","This works",[38,134562,134564],{"className":40,"code":134563,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134565,134566,134598],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134567,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134569,4015],{"class":53},[47,134571,58],{"class":57},[47,134573,3815],{"class":98},[47,134575,128],{"class":61},[47,134577,582],{"class":65},[47,134579,128],{"class":61},[47,134581,136],{"class":98},[47,134583,62],{"class":61},[47,134585,15949],{"class":65},[47,134587,128],{"class":61},[47,134589,136],{"class":98},[47,134591,62],{"class":61},[47,134593,37034],{"class":65},[47,134595,128],{"class":61},[47,134597,3828],{"class":98},[47,134599,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134601,95],{"class":94},[47,134603,99],{"class":98},[47,134605,128],{"class":61},[47,134607,2390],{"class":65},[47,134609,128],{"class":61},[47,134611,445],{"class":98},[47,134613,133434],{"class":102},[47,134615,99],{"class":98},[47,134617,5553],{"class":102},[47,134619,1796],{"class":98},[20,134621,144],{},[38,134623,134625],{"className":40,"code":134624,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134626,134627],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134628,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134630,582],{"class":80},[47,134632,136],{"class":98},[47,134634,7986],{"class":80},[47,134636,136],{"class":98},[47,134638,134639],{"class":80}," 30\n",[447,134641,134643],{"id":134642},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[38,134645,134647],{"className":40,"code":134646,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134648,134649,134669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134650,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134652,4015],{"class":53},[47,134654,58],{"class":57},[47,134656,3815],{"class":98},[47,134658,1476],{"class":80},[47,134660,136],{"class":98},[47,134662,1562],{"class":80},[47,134664,136],{"class":98},[47,134666,249],{"class":80},[47,134668,3828],{"class":98},[47,134670,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134672,95],{"class":94},[47,134674,99],{"class":98},[47,134676,128],{"class":61},[47,134678,2390],{"class":65},[47,134680,128],{"class":61},[47,134682,445],{"class":98},[47,134684,133434],{"class":102},[47,134686,99],{"class":98},[47,134688,5553],{"class":102},[47,134690,1796],{"class":98},[20,134692,1704,134693,134695],{},[15,134694,1707],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134697,134698],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[38,134700,134702],{"className":40,"code":134701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134703,134704,134724,134754,134758],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134705,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134707,4015],{"class":53},[47,134709,58],{"class":57},[47,134711,3815],{"class":98},[47,134713,1476],{"class":80},[47,134715,136],{"class":98},[47,134717,1562],{"class":80},[47,134719,136],{"class":98},[47,134721,249],{"class":80},[47,134723,3828],{"class":98},[47,134725,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134727,1290],{"class":53},[47,134729,58],{"class":57},[47,134731,62],{"class":61},[47,134733,2390],{"class":65},[47,134735,128],{"class":61},[47,134737,445],{"class":98},[47,134739,133434],{"class":102},[47,134741,99],{"class":98},[47,134743,40051],{"class":94},[47,134745,99],{"class":98},[47,134747,3636],{"class":1788},[47,134749,136],{"class":98},[47,134751,4077],{"class":102},[47,134753,1796],{"class":98},[47,134755,134756],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,134757,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,134759,134760,134762,134764,134766],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,134761,95],{"class":94},[47,134763,99],{"class":98},[47,134765,1315],{"class":102},[47,134767,106],{"class":98},[20,134769,144],{},[38,134771,134773],{"className":40,"code":134772,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134774,134775],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134776,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134778,1476],{"class":80},[47,134780,136],{"class":98},[47,134782,1562],{"class":80},[47,134784,136],{"class":98},[47,134786,1569],{"class":80},[20,134788,134789,134790,445],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[594,134791,13,134792,2088],{"href":795},[15,134793,798],{},[447,134795,134797,134799],{"id":134796},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134798,285],{}," values do not work directly",[38,134801,134803],{"className":40,"code":134802,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134804,134805,134833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134806,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134808,4015],{"class":53},[47,134810,58],{"class":57},[47,134812,3815],{"class":98},[47,134814,128],{"class":61},[47,134816,4272],{"class":65},[47,134818,128],{"class":61},[47,134820,136],{"class":98},[47,134822,4045],{"class":1334},[47,134824,136],{"class":98},[47,134826,62],{"class":61},[47,134828,4281],{"class":65},[47,134830,128],{"class":61},[47,134832,3828],{"class":98},[47,134834,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134836,95],{"class":94},[47,134838,99],{"class":98},[47,134840,128],{"class":61},[47,134842,2390],{"class":65},[47,134844,128],{"class":61},[47,134846,445],{"class":98},[47,134848,133434],{"class":102},[47,134850,99],{"class":98},[47,134852,5553],{"class":102},[47,134854,1796],{"class":98},[20,134856,134857,134858,445],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134859,1707],{},[20,134861,134862],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[38,134864,134866],{"className":40,"code":134865,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134867,134868,134896,134926,134930],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134869,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134871,4015],{"class":53},[47,134873,58],{"class":57},[47,134875,3815],{"class":98},[47,134877,128],{"class":61},[47,134879,4272],{"class":65},[47,134881,128],{"class":61},[47,134883,136],{"class":98},[47,134885,4045],{"class":1334},[47,134887,136],{"class":98},[47,134889,62],{"class":61},[47,134891,4281],{"class":65},[47,134893,128],{"class":61},[47,134895,3828],{"class":98},[47,134897,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,134899,1290],{"class":53},[47,134901,58],{"class":57},[47,134903,62],{"class":61},[47,134905,2390],{"class":65},[47,134907,128],{"class":61},[47,134909,445],{"class":98},[47,134911,133434],{"class":102},[47,134913,99],{"class":98},[47,134915,40051],{"class":94},[47,134917,99],{"class":98},[47,134919,3636],{"class":1788},[47,134921,136],{"class":98},[47,134923,4077],{"class":102},[47,134925,1796],{"class":98},[47,134927,134928],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,134929,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,134931,134932,134934,134936,134938],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,134933,95],{"class":94},[47,134935,99],{"class":98},[47,134937,1315],{"class":102},[47,134939,106],{"class":98},[20,134941,144],{},[38,134943,134945],{"className":40,"code":134944,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134946,134947],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134948,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134950,4272],{"class":53},[47,134952,136],{"class":98},[47,134954,4045],{"class":1334},[47,134956,136],{"class":98},[47,134958,134959],{"class":53}," banana\n",[20,134961,134962,134963,134965],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134964,285],{}," values instead of converting them.",[447,134967,134969,134971],{"id":134968},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134970,133357],{}," also works with tuples",[38,134973,134975],{"className":40,"code":134974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134976,134977,135009],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,134978,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,134980,5192],{"class":53},[47,134982,58],{"class":57},[47,134984,9428],{"class":98},[47,134986,128],{"class":61},[47,134988,7872],{"class":65},[47,134990,128],{"class":61},[47,134992,136],{"class":98},[47,134994,62],{"class":61},[47,134996,131363],{"class":65},[47,134998,128],{"class":61},[47,135000,136],{"class":98},[47,135002,62],{"class":61},[47,135004,66],{"class":65},[47,135006,128],{"class":61},[47,135008,106],{"class":98},[47,135010,135011,135013,135015,135017,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135012,95],{"class":94},[47,135014,99],{"class":98},[47,135016,128],{"class":61},[47,135018,135019],{"class":65}," \u002F ",[47,135021,128],{"class":61},[47,135023,445],{"class":98},[47,135025,133434],{"class":102},[47,135027,99],{"class":98},[47,135029,5236],{"class":102},[47,135031,1796],{"class":98},[20,135033,144],{},[38,135035,135037],{"className":40,"code":135036,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135038,135039],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135040,135041,135044,135046,135049,135051],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135042,135043],{"class":53},"Sam ",[47,135045,127167],{"class":57},[47,135047,135048],{"class":53}," Lee ",[47,135050,127167],{"class":57},[47,135052,22531],{"class":53},[33,135054,135056,135057],{"id":135055},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135058,133357],{},[20,135060,135061],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[447,135063,135065,135066,135068],{"id":135064},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135067,1707],{}," because not all items are strings",[38,135070,135072],{"className":40,"code":135071,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135073,135074,135102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135075,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135077,7975],{"class":53},[47,135079,58],{"class":57},[47,135081,3815],{"class":98},[47,135083,128],{"class":61},[47,135085,594],{"class":65},[47,135087,128],{"class":61},[47,135089,136],{"class":98},[47,135091,1562],{"class":80},[47,135093,136],{"class":98},[47,135095,62],{"class":61},[47,135097,9931],{"class":65},[47,135099,128],{"class":61},[47,135101,3828],{"class":98},[47,135103,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135105,95],{"class":94},[47,135107,99],{"class":98},[47,135109,128],{"class":61},[47,135111,62],{"class":61},[47,135113,445],{"class":98},[47,135115,133434],{"class":102},[47,135117,99],{"class":98},[47,135119,8006],{"class":102},[47,135121,1796],{"class":98},[20,135123,48697,135124,135126],{},[15,135125,243],{}," is an integer.",[20,135128,39453],{},[38,135130,135132],{"className":40,"code":135131,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135133,135134,135162],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135135,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135137,7975],{"class":53},[47,135139,58],{"class":57},[47,135141,3815],{"class":98},[47,135143,128],{"class":61},[47,135145,594],{"class":65},[47,135147,128],{"class":61},[47,135149,136],{"class":98},[47,135151,1562],{"class":80},[47,135153,136],{"class":98},[47,135155,62],{"class":61},[47,135157,9931],{"class":65},[47,135159,128],{"class":61},[47,135161,3828],{"class":98},[47,135163,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135165,95],{"class":94},[47,135167,99],{"class":98},[47,135169,128],{"class":61},[47,135171,62],{"class":61},[47,135173,445],{"class":98},[47,135175,133434],{"class":102},[47,135177,99],{"class":98},[47,135179,40051],{"class":94},[47,135181,99],{"class":98},[47,135183,3636],{"class":1788},[47,135185,136],{"class":98},[47,135187,6160],{"class":102},[47,135189,3106],{"class":98},[20,135191,135192,135193,445],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[594,135194,25878,135196],{"href":135195},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135197,135198],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[447,135200,135202,135203,135205],{"id":135201},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135204,133357],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135207,4720],{},[38,135209,135211],{"className":40,"code":135210,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135212,135213,135245],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135214,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135216,4263],{"class":53},[47,135218,58],{"class":57},[47,135220,3815],{"class":98},[47,135222,128],{"class":61},[47,135224,7492],{"class":65},[47,135226,128],{"class":61},[47,135228,136],{"class":98},[47,135230,62],{"class":61},[47,135232,12388],{"class":65},[47,135234,128],{"class":61},[47,135236,136],{"class":98},[47,135238,62],{"class":61},[47,135240,133415],{"class":65},[47,135242,128],{"class":61},[47,135244,3828],{"class":98},[47,135246,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135248,1290],{"class":53},[47,135250,58],{"class":57},[47,135252,6362],{"class":53},[47,135254,445],{"class":98},[47,135256,133434],{"class":102},[47,135258,99],{"class":98},[47,135260,128],{"class":61},[47,135262,62],{"class":61},[47,135264,106],{"class":98},[20,135266,135267,135269],{},[15,135268,133357],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135271,1631],{},[38,135273,135275],{"className":40,"code":135274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135276,135277,135309,135329,135333],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135278,135279,135281,135283,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135280,4263],{"class":53},[47,135282,58],{"class":57},[47,135284,3815],{"class":98},[47,135286,128],{"class":61},[47,135288,7492],{"class":65},[47,135290,128],{"class":61},[47,135292,136],{"class":98},[47,135294,62],{"class":61},[47,135296,12388],{"class":65},[47,135298,128],{"class":61},[47,135300,136],{"class":98},[47,135302,62],{"class":61},[47,135304,133415],{"class":65},[47,135306,128],{"class":61},[47,135308,3828],{"class":98},[47,135310,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135312,1290],{"class":53},[47,135314,58],{"class":57},[47,135316,62],{"class":61},[47,135318,62],{"class":61},[47,135320,445],{"class":98},[47,135322,133434],{"class":102},[47,135324,99],{"class":98},[47,135326,4307],{"class":102},[47,135328,106],{"class":98},[47,135330,135331],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,135332,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,135334,135335,135337,135339,135341],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,135336,95],{"class":94},[47,135338,99],{"class":98},[47,135340,1315],{"class":102},[47,135342,106],{"class":98},[447,135344,135346],{"id":135345},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[38,135348,135350],{"className":40,"code":135349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135351,135352,135384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135353,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135355,4263],{"class":53},[47,135357,58],{"class":57},[47,135359,3815],{"class":98},[47,135361,128],{"class":61},[47,135363,6779],{"class":65},[47,135365,128],{"class":61},[47,135367,136],{"class":98},[47,135369,62],{"class":61},[47,135371,79455],{"class":65},[47,135373,128],{"class":61},[47,135375,136],{"class":98},[47,135377,62],{"class":61},[47,135379,134161],{"class":65},[47,135381,128],{"class":61},[47,135383,3828],{"class":98},[47,135385,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135387,95],{"class":94},[47,135389,99],{"class":98},[47,135391,1151],{"class":61},[47,135393,445],{"class":98},[47,135395,133434],{"class":102},[47,135397,99],{"class":98},[47,135399,4307],{"class":102},[47,135401,1796],{"class":98},[20,135403,144],{},[38,135405,135407],{"className":40,"code":135406,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"onetwothree\n",[15,135408,135409],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135410,135411],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135412,135406],{"class":53},[20,135414,135415,135416,6825],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135417,133502],{},[447,135419,135421,135422,131625],{"id":135420},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135423,133357],{},[38,135425,135427],{"className":40,"code":135426,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135428,135429,135461,135479,135483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135430,135431,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135432,4263],{"class":53},[47,135434,58],{"class":57},[47,135436,3815],{"class":98},[47,135438,128],{"class":61},[47,135440,594],{"class":65},[47,135442,128],{"class":61},[47,135444,136],{"class":98},[47,135446,62],{"class":61},[47,135448,4957],{"class":65},[47,135450,128],{"class":61},[47,135452,136],{"class":98},[47,135454,62],{"class":61},[47,135456,9931],{"class":65},[47,135458,128],{"class":61},[47,135460,3828],{"class":98},[47,135462,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473,135475,135477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135464,128],{"class":43518},[47,135466,1033],{"class":43522},[47,135468,128],{"class":43518},[47,135470,445],{"class":98},[47,135472,133434],{"class":102},[47,135474,99],{"class":98},[47,135476,4307],{"class":102},[47,135478,106],{"class":98},[47,135480,135481],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,135482,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,135484,135485,135487,135489,135491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,135486,95],{"class":94},[47,135488,99],{"class":98},[47,135490,4307],{"class":102},[47,135492,106],{"class":98},[20,135494,144],{},[38,135496,135497],{"className":40,"code":43065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,135498,135499],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135500,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135502,4092],{"class":98},[47,135504,3493],{"class":61},[47,135506,594],{"class":65},[47,135508,3493],{"class":61},[47,135510,136],{"class":98},[47,135512,3488],{"class":61},[47,135514,4957],{"class":65},[47,135516,3493],{"class":61},[47,135518,136],{"class":98},[47,135520,3488],{"class":61},[47,135522,9931],{"class":65},[47,135524,3493],{"class":61},[47,135526,3828],{"class":98},[20,135528,135529,135530,135532],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135531,133357],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[33,135534,135536,135538,135539],{"id":135535},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135537,133357],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135540,710],{},[20,135542,10783,135543,839,135545,135547],{},[15,135544,133357],{},[15,135546,710],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[447,135549,167,135551,135553],{"id":135550},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135552,710],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[38,135555,135557],{"className":40,"code":135556,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135558,135559,135572,135585,135605,135609],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135560,135561,135564,135566,135568,135570],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135562,135563],{"class":53},"first ",[47,135565,58],{"class":57},[47,135567,62],{"class":61},[47,135569,131],{"class":65},[47,135571,69],{"class":61},[47,135573,135574,135577,135579,135581,135583],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135575,135576],{"class":53},"second ",[47,135578,58],{"class":57},[47,135580,62],{"class":61},[47,135582,1100],{"class":65},[47,135584,69],{"class":61},[47,135586,135587,135589,135591,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,135588,1290],{"class":53},[47,135590,58],{"class":57},[47,135592,135593],{"class":53}," first ",[47,135595,710],{"class":57},[47,135597,62],{"class":61},[47,135599,62],{"class":61},[47,135601,246],{"class":57},[47,135603,135604],{"class":53}," second\n",[47,135606,135607],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,135608,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,135610,135611,135613,135615,135617],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,135612,95],{"class":94},[47,135614,99],{"class":98},[47,135616,1315],{"class":102},[47,135618,106],{"class":98},[20,135620,144],{},[38,135622,135624],{"className":40,"code":135623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Hello World\n",[15,135625,135626],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135627,135628],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135629,135623],{"class":53},[447,135631,167,135633,135635],{"id":135632},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135634,133357],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[38,135637,135639],{"className":40,"code":135638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135640,135641,135683,135703,135707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135642,135643,135645,135647,135649,135651,135653,135655,135657,135659,135662,135664,135666,135668,135671,135673,135675,135677,135679,135681],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135644,4263],{"class":53},[47,135646,58],{"class":57},[47,135648,3815],{"class":98},[47,135650,128],{"class":61},[47,135652,7492],{"class":65},[47,135654,128],{"class":61},[47,135656,136],{"class":98},[47,135658,62],{"class":61},[47,135660,135661],{"class":65},"makes",[47,135663,128],{"class":61},[47,135665,136],{"class":98},[47,135667,62],{"class":61},[47,135669,135670],{"class":65},"this",[47,135672,128],{"class":61},[47,135674,136],{"class":98},[47,135676,62],{"class":61},[47,135678,133856],{"class":65},[47,135680,128],{"class":61},[47,135682,3828],{"class":98},[47,135684,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135699,135701],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135686,1290],{"class":53},[47,135688,58],{"class":57},[47,135690,62],{"class":61},[47,135692,62],{"class":61},[47,135694,445],{"class":98},[47,135696,133434],{"class":102},[47,135698,99],{"class":98},[47,135700,4307],{"class":102},[47,135702,106],{"class":98},[47,135704,135705],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,135706,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,135708,135709,135711,135713,135715],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,135710,95],{"class":94},[47,135712,99],{"class":98},[47,135714,1315],{"class":102},[47,135716,106],{"class":98},[20,135718,144],{},[38,135720,135722],{"className":40,"code":135721,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135723,135724],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135725,135726],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135727,135721],{"class":53},[20,135729,135730,135732],{},[15,135731,133357],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[187,135734,135735,135738,135741],{},[190,135736,135737],{},"You already have a list of strings",[190,135739,135740],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[190,135742,135743,135744,135746],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135745,710],{}," operators",[20,135748,135749,135750,445],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[594,135751,135753],{"href":135752},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[33,135755,135757],{"id":135756},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135759,1625,135760,135762],{},[15,135761,133357],{}," is not working, check these first:",[187,135764,135765,135768,135773,135782,135788],{},[190,135766,135767],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[190,135769,135770,135771],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135772,285],{},[190,135774,135775,135776,11285,135779],{},"You may have written ",[15,135777,135778],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135780,135781],{},"string.join(...)",[190,135783,135784,135785,135787],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135786,133357],{}," to change the original iterable",[190,135789,135790],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135792,94300],{},[38,135794,135796],{"className":40,"code":135795,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135797,135798,135812,135822,135846,135886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,135799,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808,135810],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,135801,95],{"class":94},[47,135803,99],{"class":98},[47,135805,1922],{"class":1788},[47,135807,99],{"class":98},[47,135809,8006],{"class":102},[47,135811,1796],{"class":98},[47,135813,135814,135816,135818,135820],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,135815,95],{"class":94},[47,135817,99],{"class":98},[47,135819,8006],{"class":102},[47,135821,106],{"class":98},[47,135823,135824,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840,135842,135844],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,135825,95],{"class":94},[47,135827,3178],{"class":98},[47,135829,1922],{"class":1788},[47,135831,99],{"class":98},[47,135833,23508],{"class":102},[47,135835,3854],{"class":98},[47,135837,4069],{"class":1461},[47,135839,6155],{"class":102},[47,135841,1468],{"class":1461},[47,135843,6160],{"class":102},[47,135845,4080],{"class":98},[47,135847,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856,135858,135860,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882,135884],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,135849,95],{"class":94},[47,135851,99],{"class":98},[47,135853,3493],{"class":61},[47,135855,3488],{"class":61},[47,135857,445],{"class":98},[47,135859,133434],{"class":102},[47,135861,3178],{"class":98},[47,135863,3493],{"class":61},[47,135865,594],{"class":65},[47,135867,3493],{"class":61},[47,135869,136],{"class":98},[47,135871,3488],{"class":61},[47,135873,4957],{"class":65},[47,135875,3493],{"class":61},[47,135877,136],{"class":98},[47,135879,3488],{"class":61},[47,135881,9931],{"class":65},[47,135883,3493],{"class":61},[47,135885,3191],{"class":98},[47,135887,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922,135924],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,135889,95],{"class":94},[47,135891,99],{"class":98},[47,135893,3493],{"class":61},[47,135895,2390],{"class":65},[47,135897,3493],{"class":61},[47,135899,445],{"class":98},[47,135901,133434],{"class":102},[47,135903,99],{"class":98},[47,135905,40051],{"class":94},[47,135907,99],{"class":98},[47,135909,3636],{"class":1788},[47,135911,136],{"class":98},[47,135913,3815],{"class":98},[47,135915,1476],{"class":80},[47,135917,136],{"class":98},[47,135919,1562],{"class":80},[47,135921,136],{"class":98},[47,135923,249],{"class":80},[47,135925,37457],{"class":98},[20,135927,135928],{},"What these checks do:",[187,135930,135931,135939,135945,135951,135960],{},[190,135932,135933,135936,135937,8291],{},[15,135934,135935],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135938,8006],{},[190,135940,135941,135944],{},[15,135942,135943],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[190,135946,135947,135950],{},[15,135948,135949],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[190,135952,135953,135956,135957,135959],{},[15,135954,135955],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135958,133357],{}," behavior",[190,135961,135962,135965],{},[15,135963,135964],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[33,135967,1969],{"id":1968},[447,135969,1973,135971,135973],{"id":135970},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135972,133357],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135975,135976,135977,135979,135980,445],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135978,133357],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135981,135982],{},"map(str, values)",[447,135984,1973,135986,57348],{"id":135985},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135987,133357],{},[20,135989,135990],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[447,135992,28528,135994,62820],{"id":135993},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135995,133357],{},[20,135997,42342,135998,136000],{},[15,135999,133357],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[447,136002,5339,136004,40151],{"id":136003},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136005,136006],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136008,136009],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[447,136011,136013,136014,136016,136017,2009],{"id":136012},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136015,1707],{}," when using ",[15,136018,133357],{},[20,136020,136021],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[33,136023,2075],{"id":2074},[187,136025,136026,136031,136037,136043,136049],{},[190,136027,136028],{},[594,136029,136030],{"href":135752},"How to join strings in Python",[190,136032,136033],{},[594,136034,126275,136035,10934],{"href":128962},[15,136036,60716],{},[190,136038,136039],{},[594,136040,13,136041,2088],{"href":795},[15,136042,798],{},[190,136044,136045],{},[594,136046,30546,136047],{"href":135195},[15,136048,135198],{},[190,136050,136051],{},[594,136052,125030],{"href":596},[20,136054,97270,136055,136057],{},[15,136056,133357],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2110,136059,136060],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":136062},[136063,136064,136066,136069,136076,136086,136094,136104,136111,136112,136124],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":133474,"depth":72,"text":136065},"What join() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":136067},[136068],{"id":49195,"depth":84,"text":49196},{"id":121805,"depth":72,"text":121806,"children":136070},[136071,136072,136073,136074],{"id":133821,"depth":84,"text":133822},{"id":133913,"depth":84,"text":133914},{"id":134014,"depth":84,"text":134015},{"id":134123,"depth":84,"text":136075},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134226,"depth":72,"text":134227,"children":136077},[136078,136080,136082,136084],{"id":134233,"depth":84,"text":136079},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134300,"depth":84,"text":136081},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134389,"depth":84,"text":136083},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134475,"depth":84,"text":136085},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134550,"depth":72,"text":134551,"children":136087},[136088,136089,136090,136092],{"id":134559,"depth":84,"text":134560},{"id":134642,"depth":84,"text":134643},{"id":134796,"depth":84,"text":136091},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134968,"depth":84,"text":136093},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135055,"depth":72,"text":136095,"children":136096},"Common errors with join()",[136097,136099,136101,136102],{"id":135064,"depth":84,"text":136098},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135201,"depth":84,"text":136100},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135345,"depth":84,"text":135346},{"id":135420,"depth":84,"text":136103},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135535,"depth":72,"text":136105,"children":136106},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136107,136109],{"id":135550,"depth":84,"text":136108},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135632,"depth":84,"text":136110},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135756,"depth":72,"text":135757},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":136113},[136114,136116,136118,136120,136122],{"id":135970,"depth":84,"text":136115},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135985,"depth":84,"text":136117},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135993,"depth":84,"text":136119},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136003,"depth":84,"text":136121},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136012,"depth":84,"text":136123},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133349,"description":136125},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136132,"title":136133,"body":136134,"description":137702,"extension":2167,"meta":137703,"navigation":87,"path":137704,"seo":137705,"stem":137706,"__hash__":137707},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136135,"toc":137669},[136136,136141,136146,136148,136162,136207,136214,136219,136224,136226,136242,136251,136253,136255,136270,136272,136282,136284,136346,136348,136351,136412,136414,136430,136432,136445,136448,136495,136497,136503,136506,136509,136569,136577,136663,136667,136672,136674,136688,136691,136776,136779,136837,136848,136903,136905,136912,136918,136924,136968,136971,137018,137020,137022,137029,137031,137062,137065,137067,137098,137102,137105,137107,137147,137149,137192,137198,137203,137205,137232,137237,137240,137289,137293,137296,137371,137382,137385,137442,137449,137455,137463,137468,137475,137482,137500,137502,137556,137564,137566,137571,137574,137580,137586,137591,137594,137600,137606,137613,137621,137623,137666],[10,136137,123275,136139,11516],{"id":136138},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136140,124005],{},[20,136142,123280,136143,136145],{},[15,136144,124005],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136147,24285],{},[187,136149,136150,136153,136156,136159],{},[190,136151,136152],{},"convert text to lowercase",[190,136154,136155],{},"compare text without case differences",[190,136157,136158],{},"clean up user input",[190,136160,136161],{},"make simple text matching easier",[38,136163,136165],{"className":40,"code":136164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136166,136167,136180,136194],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136168,136169,136171,136173,136175,136178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136170,34884],{"class":53},[47,136172,58],{"class":57},[47,136174,62],{"class":61},[47,136176,136177],{"class":65},"Hello WORLD",[47,136179,69],{"class":61},[47,136181,136182,136184,136186,136188,136190,136192],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136183,1290],{"class":53},[47,136185,58],{"class":57},[47,136187,43031],{"class":53},[47,136189,445],{"class":98},[47,136191,8833],{"class":102},[47,136193,8836],{"class":98},[47,136195,136196,136198,136200,136202,136204],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136197,95],{"class":94},[47,136199,99],{"class":98},[47,136201,1315],{"class":102},[47,136203,3854],{"class":98},[47,136205,136206],{"class":3857},"  # hello world\n",[20,136208,136209,278,136211,136213],{},[280,136210,84003],{},[15,136212,124005],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[33,136215,174,136217,177],{"id":136216},"what-lower-does",[15,136218,124005],{},[20,136220,136221,136223],{},[15,136222,124005],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136225,13247],{},[187,136227,136228,136233,136236,136239],{},[190,136229,136230,136232],{},[15,136231,124005],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[190,136234,136235],{},"It works on string objects",[190,136237,136238],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[190,136240,136241],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136243,125027,136244,136248,136249,445],{},[594,136245,136247],{"href":136246},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[594,136250,597],{"href":596},[33,136252,290],{"id":289},[20,136254,2360],{},[38,136256,136258],{"className":40,"code":136257,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.lower()\n",[15,136259,136260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136261,136262,136264,136266,136268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136263,61359],{"class":53},[47,136265,445],{"class":98},[47,136267,8833],{"class":102},[47,136269,8836],{"class":98},[20,136271,43840],{},[187,136273,136274,136276,136279],{},[190,136275,97448],{},[190,136277,136278],{},"You call it directly on a string",[190,136280,136281],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136283,204],{},[38,136285,136287],{"className":40,"code":136286,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136288,136289,136312,136316,136329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136290,136291,136293,136295,136297,136300,136302,136304,136306,136309],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136292,95],{"class":94},[47,136294,99],{"class":98},[47,136296,128],{"class":61},[47,136298,136299],{"class":65},"HELLO",[47,136301,128],{"class":61},[47,136303,445],{"class":98},[47,136305,8833],{"class":102},[47,136307,136308],{"class":98},"())",[47,136310,136311],{"class":3857},"  # hello\n",[47,136313,136314],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136315,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136317,136318,136320,136322,136324,136327],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136319,54],{"class":53},[47,136321,58],{"class":57},[47,136323,62],{"class":61},[47,136325,136326],{"class":65},"PyThOn",[47,136328,69],{"class":61},[47,136330,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136332,95],{"class":94},[47,136334,99],{"class":98},[47,136336,103],{"class":102},[47,136338,445],{"class":98},[47,136340,8833],{"class":102},[47,136342,136308],{"class":98},[47,136344,136345],{"class":3857},"  # python\n",[33,136347,11670],{"id":11669},[20,136349,136350],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[38,136352,136354],{"className":40,"code":136353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136355,136356,136368,136372,136387,136391,136402],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136357,136358,136360,136362,136364,136366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136359,34884],{"class":53},[47,136361,58],{"class":57},[47,136363,62],{"class":61},[47,136365,136177],{"class":65},[47,136367,69],{"class":61},[47,136369,136370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136371,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136373,136374,136377,136379,136381,136383,136385],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136375,136376],{"class":53},"lower_text ",[47,136378,58],{"class":57},[47,136380,43031],{"class":53},[47,136382,445],{"class":98},[47,136384,8833],{"class":102},[47,136386,8836],{"class":98},[47,136388,136389],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136390,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136392,136393,136395,136397,136400],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,136394,95],{"class":94},[47,136396,99],{"class":98},[47,136398,136399],{"class":102},"lower_text",[47,136401,106],{"class":98},[47,136403,136404,136406,136408,136410],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,136405,95],{"class":94},[47,136407,99],{"class":98},[47,136409,192],{"class":102},[47,136411,106],{"class":98},[20,136413,144],{},[38,136415,136417],{"className":40,"code":136416,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136418,136419,136423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136420,136421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136422,134291],{"class":53},[47,136424,136425,136427],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136426,131691],{"class":53},[47,136428,136429],{"class":1213},"WORLD\n",[20,136431,24805],{},[187,136433,136434,136439],{},[190,136435,136436,136438],{},[15,136437,124005],{}," returns the lowercase result",[190,136440,136441,136442,136444],{},"the original ",[15,136443,192],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136446,136447],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[38,136449,136451],{"className":40,"code":136450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136452,136453,136465,136479,136483],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136454,136455,136457,136459,136461,136463],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136456,34884],{"class":53},[47,136458,58],{"class":57},[47,136460,62],{"class":61},[47,136462,136177],{"class":65},[47,136464,69],{"class":61},[47,136466,136467,136469,136471,136473,136475,136477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136468,34884],{"class":53},[47,136470,58],{"class":57},[47,136472,43031],{"class":53},[47,136474,445],{"class":98},[47,136476,8833],{"class":102},[47,136478,8836],{"class":98},[47,136480,136481],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136482,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136484,136485,136487,136489,136491,136493],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136486,95],{"class":94},[47,136488,99],{"class":98},[47,136490,192],{"class":102},[47,136492,3854],{"class":98},[47,136494,136206],{"class":3857},[33,136496,17615],{"id":17614},[20,136498,136499,22172,136501,445],{},[15,136500,124005],{},[280,136502,61359],{},[20,136504,136505],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136507,136508],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[38,136510,136512],{"className":40,"code":136511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136513,136514,136528,136532,136555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136515,136516,136519,136521,136523,136526],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136517,136518],{"class":53},"answer ",[47,136520,58],{"class":57},[47,136522,62],{"class":61},[47,136524,136525],{"class":65},"YES",[47,136527,69],{"class":61},[47,136529,136530],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136531,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136533,136534,136536,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547,136549,136551,136553],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136535,7192],{"class":1461},[47,136537,136538],{"class":53}," answer",[47,136540,445],{"class":98},[47,136542,8833],{"class":102},[47,136544,7561],{"class":98},[47,136546,6601],{"class":57},[47,136548,62],{"class":61},[47,136550,8851],{"class":65},[47,136552,128],{"class":61},[47,136554,6586],{"class":98},[47,136556,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565,136567],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136558,1499],{"class":94},[47,136560,99],{"class":98},[47,136562,128],{"class":61},[47,136564,96757],{"class":65},[47,136566,128],{"class":61},[47,136568,106],{"class":98},[20,136570,136571,136572,420],{},"This is especially useful with ",[594,136573,136574,136575,2501],{"href":1405},"the ",[15,136576,1408],{},[38,136578,136580],{"className":40,"code":136579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136581,136582,136601,136605,136627,136642,136648],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594,136597,136599],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136585,136518],{"class":53},[47,136587,58],{"class":57},[47,136589,8436],{"class":94},[47,136591,99],{"class":98},[47,136593,128],{"class":61},[47,136595,136596],{"class":65},"Type yes or no: ",[47,136598,128],{"class":61},[47,136600,106],{"class":98},[47,136602,136603],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136604,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136606,136607,136609,136611,136613,136615,136617,136619,136621,136623,136625],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136608,7192],{"class":1461},[47,136610,136538],{"class":53},[47,136612,445],{"class":98},[47,136614,8833],{"class":102},[47,136616,7561],{"class":98},[47,136618,6601],{"class":57},[47,136620,62],{"class":61},[47,136622,8851],{"class":65},[47,136624,128],{"class":61},[47,136626,6586],{"class":98},[47,136628,136629,136631,136633,136635,136638,136640],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136630,1499],{"class":94},[47,136632,99],{"class":98},[47,136634,128],{"class":61},[47,136636,136637],{"class":65},"You typed yes",[47,136639,128],{"class":61},[47,136641,106],{"class":98},[47,136643,136644,136646],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,136645,27633],{"class":1461},[47,136647,6586],{"class":98},[47,136649,136650,136652,136654,136656,136659,136661],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,136651,1499],{"class":94},[47,136653,99],{"class":98},[47,136655,128],{"class":61},[47,136657,136658],{"class":65},"You typed something else",[47,136660,128],{"class":61},[47,136662,106],{"class":98},[33,136664,136666],{"id":136665},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136668,136669,136671],{},[15,136670,124005],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136673,7538],{},[187,136675,136676,136679,136682,136685],{},[190,136677,136678],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[190,136680,136681],{},"Make text matching easier",[190,136683,136684],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[190,136686,136687],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136689,136690],{},"Example: checking user input",[38,136692,136694],{"className":40,"code":136693,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136695,136696,136714,136718,136740,136755,136761],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136697,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710,136712],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136699,45149],{"class":53},[47,136701,58],{"class":57},[47,136703,8436],{"class":94},[47,136705,99],{"class":98},[47,136707,128],{"class":61},[47,136709,45160],{"class":65},[47,136711,128],{"class":61},[47,136713,106],{"class":98},[47,136715,136716],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136717,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136719,136720,136722,136724,136726,136728,136730,136732,136734,136736,136738],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136721,7192],{"class":1461},[47,136723,36046],{"class":53},[47,136725,445],{"class":98},[47,136727,8833],{"class":102},[47,136729,7561],{"class":98},[47,136731,6601],{"class":57},[47,136733,62],{"class":61},[47,136735,894],{"class":65},[47,136737,128],{"class":61},[47,136739,6586],{"class":98},[47,136741,136742,136744,136746,136748,136751,136753],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136743,1499],{"class":94},[47,136745,99],{"class":98},[47,136747,128],{"class":61},[47,136749,136750],{"class":65},"Nice choice!",[47,136752,128],{"class":61},[47,136754,106],{"class":98},[47,136756,136757,136759],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,136758,27633],{"class":1461},[47,136760,6586],{"class":98},[47,136762,136763,136765,136767,136769,136772,136774],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,136764,1499],{"class":94},[47,136766,99],{"class":98},[47,136768,128],{"class":61},[47,136770,136771],{"class":65},"Got it.",[47,136773,128],{"class":61},[47,136775,106],{"class":98},[20,136777,136778],{},"Example: simple search",[38,136780,136782],{"className":40,"code":136781,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136783,136784,136797,136801,136822],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136785,136786,136788,136790,136792,136795],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136787,1377],{"class":53},[47,136789,58],{"class":57},[47,136791,62],{"class":61},[47,136793,136794],{"class":65},"Python Is Fun",[47,136796,69],{"class":61},[47,136798,136799],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136800,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811,136813,136816,136818,136820],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136804,7192],{"class":1461},[47,136806,62],{"class":61},[47,136808,42],{"class":65},[47,136810,128],{"class":61},[47,136812,21371],{"class":57},[47,136814,136815],{"class":53}," message",[47,136817,445],{"class":98},[47,136819,8833],{"class":102},[47,136821,21793],{"class":98},[47,136823,136824,136826,136828,136830,136833,136835],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136825,1499],{"class":94},[47,136827,99],{"class":98},[47,136829,128],{"class":61},[47,136831,136832],{"class":65},"Found it",[47,136834,128],{"class":61},[47,136836,106],{"class":98},[20,136838,136839,136840,136842,136843,420],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136841,124005],{}," is often used with ",[594,136844,136846],{"href":136845},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136847,41843],{},[38,136849,136851],{"className":40,"code":136850,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136852,136853,136866,136885,136889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136854,136855,136857,136859,136861,136864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136856,54],{"class":53},[47,136858,58],{"class":57},[47,136860,62],{"class":61},[47,136862,136863],{"class":65},"  ALICE  ",[47,136865,69],{"class":61},[47,136867,136868,136871,136873,136875,136877,136879,136881,136883],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136869,136870],{"class":53},"clean_name ",[47,136872,58],{"class":57},[47,136874,139],{"class":53},[47,136876,445],{"class":98},[47,136878,8827],{"class":102},[47,136880,8830],{"class":98},[47,136882,8833],{"class":102},[47,136884,8836],{"class":98},[47,136886,136887],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136888,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136890,136891,136893,136895,136898,136900],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136892,95],{"class":94},[47,136894,99],{"class":98},[47,136896,136897],{"class":102},"clean_name",[47,136899,3854],{"class":98},[47,136901,136902],{"class":3857},"  # alice\n",[33,136904,15791],{"id":15790},[20,136906,136907,136908,136911],{},"Strings are ",[280,136909,136910],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136913,136914,136915,136917],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136916,124005],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136919,136920,136921,136923],{},"So this does ",[280,136922,4826],{}," update the original variable:",[38,136925,136927],{"className":40,"code":136926,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136928,136929,136941,136951,136955],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136930,136931,136933,136935,136937,136939],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136932,34884],{"class":53},[47,136934,58],{"class":57},[47,136936,62],{"class":61},[47,136938,136299],{"class":65},[47,136940,69],{"class":61},[47,136942,136943,136945,136947,136949],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136944,192],{"class":53},[47,136946,445],{"class":98},[47,136948,8833],{"class":102},[47,136950,8836],{"class":98},[47,136952,136953],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,136954,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,136956,136957,136959,136961,136963,136965],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,136958,95],{"class":94},[47,136960,99],{"class":98},[47,136962,192],{"class":102},[47,136964,3854],{"class":98},[47,136966,136967],{"class":3857},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136969,136970],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[38,136972,136974],{"className":40,"code":136973,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136975,136976,136988,137002,137006],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,136977,136978,136980,136982,136984,136986],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,136979,34884],{"class":53},[47,136981,58],{"class":57},[47,136983,62],{"class":61},[47,136985,136299],{"class":65},[47,136987,69],{"class":61},[47,136989,136990,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,136991,34884],{"class":53},[47,136993,58],{"class":57},[47,136995,43031],{"class":53},[47,136997,445],{"class":98},[47,136999,8833],{"class":102},[47,137001,8836],{"class":98},[47,137003,137004],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137005,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,137007,137008,137010,137012,137014,137016],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,137009,95],{"class":94},[47,137011,99],{"class":98},[47,137013,192],{"class":102},[47,137015,3854],{"class":98},[47,137017,136311],{"class":3857},[33,137019,1595],{"id":1594},[447,137021,25886],{"id":25885},[20,137023,137024,137025,11285,137027,445],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137026,8833],{},[15,137028,124005],{},[20,137030,16839],{},[38,137032,137034],{"className":40,"code":137033,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137035,137036,137048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137037,137038,137040,137042,137044,137046],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137039,34884],{"class":53},[47,137041,58],{"class":57},[47,137043,62],{"class":61},[47,137045,136299],{"class":65},[47,137047,69],{"class":61},[47,137049,137050,137052,137054,137056,137058,137060],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137051,95],{"class":94},[47,137053,99],{"class":98},[47,137055,192],{"class":102},[47,137057,445],{"class":98},[47,137059,8833],{"class":24948},[47,137061,106],{"class":98},[20,137063,137064],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137066,16851],{},[38,137068,137070],{"className":40,"code":137069,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137071,137072,137084],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137073,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137075,34884],{"class":53},[47,137077,58],{"class":57},[47,137079,62],{"class":61},[47,137081,136299],{"class":65},[47,137083,69],{"class":61},[47,137085,137086,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137087,95],{"class":94},[47,137089,99],{"class":98},[47,137091,192],{"class":102},[47,137093,445],{"class":98},[47,137095,8833],{"class":102},[47,137097,7389],{"class":98},[447,137099,137101],{"id":137100},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137103,137104],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137106,16839],{},[38,137108,137110],{"className":40,"code":137109,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137111,137112,137124,137134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137113,137114,137116,137118,137120,137122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137115,34884],{"class":53},[47,137117,58],{"class":57},[47,137119,62],{"class":61},[47,137121,136299],{"class":65},[47,137123,69],{"class":61},[47,137125,137126,137128,137130,137132],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137127,192],{"class":53},[47,137129,445],{"class":98},[47,137131,8833],{"class":102},[47,137133,8836],{"class":98},[47,137135,137136,137138,137140,137142,137144],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137137,95],{"class":94},[47,137139,99],{"class":98},[47,137141,192],{"class":102},[47,137143,3854],{"class":98},[47,137145,137146],{"class":3857},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137148,16851],{},[38,137150,137152],{"className":40,"code":137151,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137153,137154,137166,137180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137155,137156,137158,137160,137162,137164],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137157,34884],{"class":53},[47,137159,58],{"class":57},[47,137161,62],{"class":61},[47,137163,136299],{"class":65},[47,137165,69],{"class":61},[47,137167,137168,137170,137172,137174,137176,137178],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137169,34884],{"class":53},[47,137171,58],{"class":57},[47,137173,43031],{"class":53},[47,137175,445],{"class":98},[47,137177,8833],{"class":102},[47,137179,8836],{"class":98},[47,137181,137182,137184,137186,137188,137190],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137183,95],{"class":94},[47,137185,99],{"class":98},[47,137187,192],{"class":102},[47,137189,3854],{"class":98},[47,137191,136311],{"class":3857},[447,137193,1654,137195,137197],{"id":137194},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137196,124005],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137199,137200,137202],{},[15,137201,124005],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137204,16839],{},[38,137206,137208],{"className":40,"code":137207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137209,137210,137218],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137211,137212,137214,137216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137213,2417],{"class":53},[47,137215,58],{"class":57},[47,137217,124957],{"class":80},[47,137219,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137221,95],{"class":94},[47,137223,99],{"class":98},[47,137225,2438],{"class":102},[47,137227,445],{"class":98},[47,137229,8833],{"class":102},[47,137231,7389],{"class":98},[20,137233,137234,137235,33798],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137236,124005],{},[20,137238,137239],{},"You can check the type first:",[38,137241,137243],{"className":40,"code":137242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137244,137245,137257,137261,137275],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137246,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137248,34884],{"class":53},[47,137250,58],{"class":57},[47,137252,62],{"class":61},[47,137254,136299],{"class":65},[47,137256,69],{"class":61},[47,137258,137259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137260,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,137262,137263,137265,137267,137269,137271,137273],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137264,95],{"class":94},[47,137266,99],{"class":98},[47,137268,1922],{"class":1788},[47,137270,99],{"class":98},[47,137272,192],{"class":102},[47,137274,1796],{"class":98},[47,137276,137277,137279,137281,137283,137285,137287],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,137278,95],{"class":94},[47,137280,99],{"class":98},[47,137282,192],{"class":102},[47,137284,445],{"class":98},[47,137286,8833],{"class":102},[47,137288,7389],{"class":98},[447,137290,137292],{"id":137291},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137294,137295],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[38,137297,137299],{"className":40,"code":137298,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137300,137301,137314,137318,137335,137350,137356],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137302,137303,137305,137307,137309,137312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137304,136518],{"class":53},[47,137306,58],{"class":57},[47,137308,62],{"class":61},[47,137310,137311],{"class":65},"Yes",[47,137313,69],{"class":61},[47,137315,137316],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137317,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,137319,137320,137322,137325,137327,137329,137331,137333],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137321,7192],{"class":1461},[47,137323,137324],{"class":53}," answer ",[47,137326,4884],{"class":57},[47,137328,62],{"class":61},[47,137330,8851],{"class":65},[47,137332,128],{"class":61},[47,137334,6586],{"class":98},[47,137336,137337,137339,137341,137343,137346,137348],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,137338,1499],{"class":94},[47,137340,99],{"class":98},[47,137342,128],{"class":61},[47,137344,137345],{"class":65},"Match",[47,137347,128],{"class":61},[47,137349,106],{"class":98},[47,137351,137352,137354],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,137353,27633],{"class":1461},[47,137355,6586],{"class":98},[47,137357,137358,137360,137362,137364,137367,137369],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,137359,1499],{"class":94},[47,137361,99],{"class":98},[47,137363,128],{"class":61},[47,137365,137366],{"class":65},"No match",[47,137368,128],{"class":61},[47,137370,106],{"class":98},[20,137372,2012,137373,839,137376,137379,137380,445],{},[15,137374,137375],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137377,137378],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137381,137366],{},[20,137383,137384],{},"Better:",[38,137386,137388],{"className":40,"code":137387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137389,137390,137402,137406,137428],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137391,137392,137394,137396,137398,137400],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137393,136518],{"class":53},[47,137395,58],{"class":57},[47,137397,62],{"class":61},[47,137399,137311],{"class":65},[47,137401,69],{"class":61},[47,137403,137404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137405,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,137407,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137409,7192],{"class":1461},[47,137411,136538],{"class":53},[47,137413,445],{"class":98},[47,137415,8833],{"class":102},[47,137417,7561],{"class":98},[47,137419,6601],{"class":57},[47,137421,62],{"class":61},[47,137423,8851],{"class":65},[47,137425,128],{"class":61},[47,137427,6586],{"class":98},[47,137429,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,137431,1499],{"class":94},[47,137433,99],{"class":98},[47,137435,128],{"class":61},[47,137437,137345],{"class":65},[47,137439,128],{"class":61},[47,137441,106],{"class":98},[447,137443,44403,137445,137448],{"id":137444},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137446,137447],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137450,137451,137452,137454],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137453,124005],{}," is enough.",[20,137456,137457,137458,137460,137461,445],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137459,137447],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137462,124005],{},[20,137464,137465,137466,122517],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137467,124005],{},[33,137469,137471,10778,137473],{"id":137470},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137472,124005],{},[15,137474,128153],{},[20,137476,137477,839,137479,137481],{},[15,137478,124005],{},[15,137480,128153],{}," are very similar.",[187,137483,137484,137489,137494,137497],{},[190,137485,137486,137488],{},[15,137487,124005],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[190,137490,137491,137493],{},[15,137492,128153],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[190,137495,137496],{},"Both return new strings",[190,137498,137499],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137501,204],{},[38,137503,137505],{"className":40,"code":137504,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137506,137507,137519,137523,137539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137508,137509,137511,137513,137515,137517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137510,34884],{"class":53},[47,137512,58],{"class":57},[47,137514,62],{"class":61},[47,137516,128994],{"class":65},[47,137518,69],{"class":61},[47,137520,137521],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137522,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,137524,137525,137527,137529,137531,137533,137535,137537],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137526,95],{"class":94},[47,137528,99],{"class":98},[47,137530,192],{"class":102},[47,137532,445],{"class":98},[47,137534,8833],{"class":102},[47,137536,136308],{"class":98},[47,137538,136206],{"class":3857},[47,137540,137541,137543,137545,137547,137549,137551,137553],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,137542,95],{"class":94},[47,137544,99],{"class":98},[47,137546,192],{"class":102},[47,137548,445],{"class":98},[47,137550,34674],{"class":102},[47,137552,136308],{"class":98},[47,137554,137555],{"class":3857},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137557,137558,137559,445],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[594,137560,126275,137562,10934],{"href":137561},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137563,128153],{},[33,137565,1969],{"id":1968},[447,137567,1973,137569,124602],{"id":137568},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137570,124005],{},[20,137572,137573],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[447,137575,1973,137577,137579],{"id":137576},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137578,124005],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137581,137582,137583,445],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137584,137585],{},"string.lower()",[447,137587,5339,137589,12910],{"id":137588},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137590,124005],{},[20,137592,137593],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[447,137595,28528,137597,137599],{"id":137596},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137598,124005],{}," on user input?",[20,137601,137602,137603,137605],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137604,1408],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[447,137607,2055,137609,839,137611,2009],{"id":137608},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137610,124005],{},[15,137612,137447],{},[20,137614,137615,137617,137618,137620],{},[15,137616,124005],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137619,137447],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[33,137622,2075],{"id":2074},[187,137624,137625,137629,137635,137641,137647,137651,137655,137661],{},[190,137626,137627],{},[594,137628,597],{"href":596},[190,137630,137631],{},[594,137632,126275,137633,10934],{"href":137561},[15,137634,128153],{},[190,137636,137637],{},[594,137638,126275,137639,10934],{"href":136845},[15,137640,41843],{},[190,137642,137643],{},[594,137644,126275,137645,10934],{"href":129856},[15,137646,124446],{},[190,137648,137649],{},[594,137650,124674],{"href":123530},[190,137652,137653],{},[594,137654,2099],{"href":1052},[190,137656,137657],{},[594,137658,13,137659,2088],{"href":1405},[15,137660,1408],{},[190,137662,137663],{},[594,137664,137665],{"href":136246},"What is a string in Python?",[2110,137667,137668],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":137670},[137671,137673,137674,137675,137676,137677,137678,137687,137689,137701],{"id":136216,"depth":72,"text":137672},"What lower() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":136665,"depth":72,"text":136666},{"id":15790,"depth":72,"text":15791},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":137679},[137680,137681,137682,137684,137685],{"id":25885,"depth":84,"text":25886},{"id":137100,"depth":84,"text":137101},{"id":137194,"depth":84,"text":137683},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137291,"depth":84,"text":137292},{"id":137444,"depth":84,"text":137686},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137470,"depth":72,"text":137688},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":137690},[137691,137693,137695,137697,137699],{"id":137568,"depth":84,"text":137692},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137576,"depth":84,"text":137694},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137588,"depth":84,"text":137696},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137596,"depth":84,"text":137698},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137608,"depth":84,"text":137700},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136133,"description":137702},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137709,"title":137710,"body":137711,"description":139261,"extension":2167,"meta":139262,"navigation":87,"path":139263,"seo":139264,"stem":139265,"__hash__":139266},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137712,"toc":139222},[137713,137718,137723,137729,137744,137746,137806,137808,137817,137823,137828,137833,137835,137849,137853,137855,137902,137904,137922,137924,137927,137998,138000,138014,138017,138029,138038,138042,138047,138052,138056,138122,138124,138133,138137,138202,138204,138213,138216,138221,138225,138230,138234,138295,138297,138306,138310,138313,138369,138371,138380,138383,138396,138398,138402,138409,138471,138473,138486,138492,138495,138502,138507,138512,138515,138523,138525,138586,138588,138597,138600,138647,138650,138697,138699,138704,138721,138728,138733,138786,138788,138796,138798,138855,138857,138865,138869,138916,138918,138926,138934,138938,138986,138988,138997,139002,139053,139055,139064,139071,139074,139095,139097,139102,139105,139109,139112,139116,139119,139146,139152,139155,139182,139187,139189,139191,139219],[10,137714,123275,137716,11516],{"id":137715},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137717,124446],{},[20,137719,123280,137720,137722],{},[15,137721,124446],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137724,137725,137726,137728],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137727,124446],{},". You will learn:",[187,137730,137731,137735,137738,137741],{},[190,137732,26218,137733,177],{},[15,137734,124446],{},[190,137736,137737],{},"how its syntax works",[190,137739,137740],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[190,137742,137743],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[33,137745,36],{"id":35},[38,137747,137749],{"className":40,"code":137748,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137750,137751,137764,137796],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137752,137753,137755,137757,137759,137762],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137754,34884],{"class":53},[47,137756,58],{"class":57},[47,137758,62],{"class":61},[47,137760,137761],{"class":65},"I like cats",[47,137763,69],{"class":61},[47,137765,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780,137783,137785,137787,137789,137792,137794],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137767,130114],{"class":53},[47,137769,58],{"class":57},[47,137771,43031],{"class":53},[47,137773,445],{"class":98},[47,137775,35194],{"class":102},[47,137777,99],{"class":98},[47,137779,128],{"class":61},[47,137781,137782],{"class":65},"cats",[47,137784,128],{"class":61},[47,137786,136],{"class":98},[47,137788,62],{"class":61},[47,137790,137791],{"class":65},"dogs",[47,137793,128],{"class":61},[47,137795,106],{"class":98},[47,137797,137798,137800,137802,137804],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137799,95],{"class":94},[47,137801,99],{"class":98},[47,137803,130145],{"class":102},[47,137805,106],{"class":98},[20,137807,144],{},[38,137809,137811],{"className":40,"code":137810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like dogs\n",[15,137812,137813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137814,137815],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137816,137810],{"class":53},[20,137818,167,137819,137822],{},[15,137820,137821],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[33,137824,174,137826,177],{"id":137825},"what-replace-does",[15,137827,124446],{},[20,137829,137830,137832],{},[15,137831,124446],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137834,13247],{},[187,137836,137837,137839,137841,137844],{},[190,137838,133523],{},[190,137840,136241],{},[190,137842,137843],{},"It works on exact matches",[190,137845,137846,137847],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137848,41449],{},[20,137850,125027,137851,445],{},[594,137852,125030],{"href":596},[33,137854,5626],{"id":5625},[38,137856,137858],{"className":40,"code":137857,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137859,137860,137880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137861,137862,137864,137866,137868,137870,137873,137875,137878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137863,61359],{"class":53},[47,137865,445],{"class":98},[47,137867,35194],{"class":102},[47,137869,99],{"class":98},[47,137871,137872],{"class":102},"old",[47,137874,136],{"class":98},[47,137876,137877],{"class":102}," new",[47,137879,106],{"class":98},[47,137881,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896,137898,137900],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137883,61359],{"class":53},[47,137885,445],{"class":98},[47,137887,35194],{"class":102},[47,137889,99],{"class":98},[47,137891,137872],{"class":102},[47,137893,136],{"class":98},[47,137895,137877],{"class":102},[47,137897,136],{"class":98},[47,137899,49788],{"class":102},[47,137901,106],{"class":98},[447,137903,17591],{"id":17590},[187,137905,137906,137911,137917],{},[190,137907,137908,137910],{},[15,137909,137872],{}," = the text to find",[190,137912,137913,137916],{},[15,137914,137915],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[190,137918,137919,137921],{},[15,137920,41449],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[33,137923,5982],{"id":5981},[20,137925,137926],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[38,137928,137930],{"className":40,"code":137929,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137931,137932,137944,137974,137978,137988],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,137933,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,137935,34884],{"class":53},[47,137937,58],{"class":57},[47,137939,62],{"class":61},[47,137941,137761],{"class":65},[47,137943,69],{"class":61},[47,137945,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,137947,130114],{"class":53},[47,137949,58],{"class":57},[47,137951,43031],{"class":53},[47,137953,445],{"class":98},[47,137955,35194],{"class":102},[47,137957,99],{"class":98},[47,137959,128],{"class":61},[47,137961,137782],{"class":65},[47,137963,128],{"class":61},[47,137965,136],{"class":98},[47,137967,62],{"class":61},[47,137969,137791],{"class":65},[47,137971,128],{"class":61},[47,137973,106],{"class":98},[47,137975,137976],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,137977,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,137979,137980,137982,137984,137986],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,137981,95],{"class":94},[47,137983,99],{"class":98},[47,137985,192],{"class":102},[47,137987,106],{"class":98},[47,137989,137990,137992,137994,137996],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,137991,95],{"class":94},[47,137993,99],{"class":98},[47,137995,130145],{"class":102},[47,137997,106],{"class":98},[20,137999,144],{},[38,138001,138003],{"className":40,"code":138002,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138004,138005,138010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138006,138007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138008,138009],{"class":53},"I like cats\n",[47,138011,138012],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138013,137810],{"class":53},[20,138015,138016],{},"Notice what happened:",[187,138018,138019,138024],{},[190,138020,138021,138023],{},[15,138022,192],{}," did not change",[190,138025,138026,138028],{},[15,138027,130145],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138030,138031,138032,138034,138035,138037],{},"This happens because strings are ",[280,138033,136910],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138036,124446],{}," return a new string instead.",[33,138039,138041],{"id":138040},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138043,1061,138044,138046],{},[15,138045,124446],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138048,138049,138050,1985],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138051,41449],{},[447,138053,138055],{"id":138054},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[38,138057,138059],{"className":40,"code":138058,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138060,138061,138074,138108,138112],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138062,138063,138065,138067,138069,138072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138064,34884],{"class":53},[47,138066,58],{"class":57},[47,138068,62],{"class":61},[47,138070,138071],{"class":65},"cat cat cat",[47,138073,69],{"class":61},[47,138075,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138077,1290],{"class":53},[47,138079,58],{"class":57},[47,138081,43031],{"class":53},[47,138083,445],{"class":98},[47,138085,35194],{"class":102},[47,138087,99],{"class":98},[47,138089,128],{"class":61},[47,138091,37239],{"class":65},[47,138093,128],{"class":61},[47,138095,136],{"class":98},[47,138097,62],{"class":61},[47,138099,58311],{"class":65},[47,138101,128],{"class":61},[47,138103,136],{"class":98},[47,138105,1545],{"class":80},[47,138107,106],{"class":98},[47,138109,138110],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138111,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,138113,138114,138116,138118,138120],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,138115,95],{"class":94},[47,138117,99],{"class":98},[47,138119,1315],{"class":102},[47,138121,106],{"class":98},[20,138123,144],{},[38,138125,138127],{"className":40,"code":138126,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138128,138129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138130,138131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138132,138126],{"class":53},[447,138134,138136],{"id":138135},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[38,138138,138140],{"className":40,"code":138139,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138141,138142,138154,138188,138192],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138143,138144,138146,138148,138150,138152],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138145,34884],{"class":53},[47,138147,58],{"class":57},[47,138149,62],{"class":61},[47,138151,138071],{"class":65},[47,138153,69],{"class":61},[47,138155,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174,138176,138178,138180,138182,138184,138186],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138157,1290],{"class":53},[47,138159,58],{"class":57},[47,138161,43031],{"class":53},[47,138163,445],{"class":98},[47,138165,35194],{"class":102},[47,138167,99],{"class":98},[47,138169,128],{"class":61},[47,138171,37239],{"class":65},[47,138173,128],{"class":61},[47,138175,136],{"class":98},[47,138177,62],{"class":61},[47,138179,58311],{"class":65},[47,138181,128],{"class":61},[47,138183,136],{"class":98},[47,138185,1562],{"class":80},[47,138187,106],{"class":98},[47,138189,138190],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138191,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,138193,138194,138196,138198,138200],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,138195,95],{"class":94},[47,138197,99],{"class":98},[47,138199,1315],{"class":102},[47,138201,106],{"class":98},[20,138203,144],{},[38,138205,138207],{"className":40,"code":138206,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138208,138209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138210,138211],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138212,138206],{"class":53},[20,138214,138215],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138217,138218,138219,445],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[594,138220,127999],{"href":124443},[33,138222,138224],{"id":138223},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138226,138227,138229],{},[15,138228,124446],{}," can also change single characters.",[447,138231,138233],{"id":138232},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[38,138235,138237],{"className":40,"code":138236,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138238,138239,138251,138281,138285],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138240,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138242,34884],{"class":53},[47,138244,58],{"class":57},[47,138246,62],{"class":61},[47,138248,4281],{"class":65},[47,138250,69],{"class":61},[47,138252,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138254,1290],{"class":53},[47,138256,58],{"class":57},[47,138258,43031],{"class":53},[47,138260,445],{"class":98},[47,138262,35194],{"class":102},[47,138264,99],{"class":98},[47,138266,128],{"class":61},[47,138268,594],{"class":65},[47,138270,128],{"class":61},[47,138272,136],{"class":98},[47,138274,62],{"class":61},[47,138276,60658],{"class":65},[47,138278,128],{"class":61},[47,138280,106],{"class":98},[47,138282,138283],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138284,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,138286,138287,138289,138291,138293],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,138288,95],{"class":94},[47,138290,99],{"class":98},[47,138292,1315],{"class":102},[47,138294,106],{"class":98},[20,138296,144],{},[38,138298,138300],{"className":40,"code":138299,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"bonono\n",[15,138301,138302],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138303,138304],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138305,138299],{"class":53},[447,138307,138309],{"id":138308},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138311,138312],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[38,138314,138316],{"className":40,"code":138315,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138317,138318,138331,138355,138359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138319,138320,138322,138324,138326,138329],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138321,34884],{"class":53},[47,138323,58],{"class":57},[47,138325,62],{"class":61},[47,138327,138328],{"class":65},"a b c",[47,138330,69],{"class":61},[47,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138334,1290],{"class":53},[47,138336,58],{"class":57},[47,138338,43031],{"class":53},[47,138340,445],{"class":98},[47,138342,35194],{"class":102},[47,138344,99],{"class":98},[47,138346,128],{"class":61},[47,138348,62],{"class":61},[47,138350,136],{"class":98},[47,138352,6320],{"class":61},[47,138354,106],{"class":98},[47,138356,138357],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138358,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,138360,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,138362,95],{"class":94},[47,138364,99],{"class":98},[47,138366,1315],{"class":102},[47,138368,106],{"class":98},[20,138370,144],{},[38,138372,138374],{"className":40,"code":138373,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"abc\n",[15,138375,138376],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138377,138378],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138379,138373],{"class":53},[20,138381,138382],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138384,138385,138386,138390,138391,138395],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[594,138387,126275,138388,10934],{"href":128962},[15,138389,60716],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[594,138392,126275,138393,10934],{"href":136845},[15,138394,41843],{}," is often a better choice.",[33,138397,123922],{"id":123921},[20,138399,138400,123733],{},[15,138401,124446],{},[20,138403,127320,138404,839,138406,127327],{},[15,138405,112959],{},[15,138407,138408],{},"\"Cat\"",[38,138410,138412],{"className":40,"code":138411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138413,138414,138427,138457,138461],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138415,138416,138418,138420,138422,138425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138417,34884],{"class":53},[47,138419,58],{"class":57},[47,138421,62],{"class":61},[47,138423,138424],{"class":65},"Cat cat CAT",[47,138426,69],{"class":61},[47,138428,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138430,1290],{"class":53},[47,138432,58],{"class":57},[47,138434,43031],{"class":53},[47,138436,445],{"class":98},[47,138438,35194],{"class":102},[47,138440,99],{"class":98},[47,138442,128],{"class":61},[47,138444,37239],{"class":65},[47,138446,128],{"class":61},[47,138448,136],{"class":98},[47,138450,62],{"class":61},[47,138452,58311],{"class":65},[47,138454,128],{"class":61},[47,138456,106],{"class":98},[47,138458,138459],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138460,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,138462,138463,138465,138467,138469],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,138464,95],{"class":94},[47,138466,99],{"class":98},[47,138468,1315],{"class":102},[47,138470,106],{"class":98},[20,138472,144],{},[38,138474,138476],{"className":40,"code":138475,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138477,138478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138479,138480,138483],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138481,138482],{"class":53},"Cat dog ",[47,138484,138485],{"class":1213},"CAT\n",[20,138487,138488,138489,138491],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138490,112959],{}," was replaced.",[20,138493,138494],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138496,138497,138498,445],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[594,138499,126275,138500,10934],{"href":124002},[15,138501,124005],{},[33,138503,174,138505,11901],{"id":138504},"what-replace-returns",[15,138506,124446],{},[20,138508,138509,138511],{},[15,138510,124446],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138513,138514],{},"If no match is found:",[187,138516,138517,138520],{},[190,138518,138519],{},"no error happens",[190,138521,138522],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138524,204],{},[38,138526,138528],{"className":40,"code":138527,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138529,138530,138542,138572,138576],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138531,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138533,34884],{"class":53},[47,138535,58],{"class":57},[47,138537,62],{"class":61},[47,138539,4038],{"class":65},[47,138541,69],{"class":61},[47,138543,138544,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138545,1290],{"class":53},[47,138547,58],{"class":57},[47,138549,43031],{"class":53},[47,138551,445],{"class":98},[47,138553,35194],{"class":102},[47,138555,99],{"class":98},[47,138557,128],{"class":61},[47,138559,2374],{"class":65},[47,138561,128],{"class":61},[47,138563,136],{"class":98},[47,138565,62],{"class":61},[47,138567,11941],{"class":65},[47,138569,128],{"class":61},[47,138571,106],{"class":98},[47,138573,138574],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138575,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,138577,138578,138580,138582,138584],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,138579,95],{"class":94},[47,138581,99],{"class":98},[47,138583,1315],{"class":102},[47,138585,106],{"class":98},[20,138587,144],{},[38,138589,138591],{"className":40,"code":138590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello\n",[15,138592,138593],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138594,138595],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138596,138590],{"class":53},[20,138598,138599],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[38,138601,138603],{"className":40,"code":138602,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138604,138605,138617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138606,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138608,34884],{"class":53},[47,138610,58],{"class":57},[47,138612,62],{"class":61},[47,138614,60591],{"class":65},[47,138616,69],{"class":61},[47,138618,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138620,130114],{"class":53},[47,138622,58],{"class":57},[47,138624,43031],{"class":53},[47,138626,445],{"class":98},[47,138628,35194],{"class":102},[47,138630,99],{"class":98},[47,138632,128],{"class":61},[47,138634,60776],{"class":65},[47,138636,128],{"class":61},[47,138638,136],{"class":98},[47,138640,62],{"class":61},[47,138642,7492],{"class":65},[47,138644,128],{"class":61},[47,138646,106],{"class":98},[20,138648,138649],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[38,138651,138653],{"className":40,"code":138652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138654,138655,138667],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138656,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138658,34884],{"class":53},[47,138660,58],{"class":57},[47,138662,62],{"class":61},[47,138664,60591],{"class":65},[47,138666,69],{"class":61},[47,138668,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138670,34884],{"class":53},[47,138672,58],{"class":57},[47,138674,43031],{"class":53},[47,138676,445],{"class":98},[47,138678,35194],{"class":102},[47,138680,99],{"class":98},[47,138682,128],{"class":61},[47,138684,60776],{"class":65},[47,138686,128],{"class":61},[47,138688,136],{"class":98},[47,138690,62],{"class":61},[47,138692,7492],{"class":65},[47,138694,128],{"class":61},[47,138696,106],{"class":98},[33,138698,4713],{"id":4712},[20,138700,138701,138702,420],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138703,124446],{},[187,138705,138706,138709,138713,138716],{},[190,138707,138708],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[190,138710,1807,138711,131495],{},[15,138712,124446],{},[190,138714,138715],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[190,138717,37396,138718,138720],{},[15,138719,124446],{}," with regex-based replacements",[447,138722,138724,138725,138727],{"id":138723},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138726,124446],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138729,138730,138731,420],{},"This does not update ",[15,138732,192],{},[38,138734,138736],{"className":40,"code":138735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138737,138738,138750,138776],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138739,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138741,34884],{"class":53},[47,138743,58],{"class":57},[47,138745,62],{"class":61},[47,138747,137761],{"class":65},[47,138749,69],{"class":61},[47,138751,138752,138754,138756,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138753,192],{"class":53},[47,138755,445],{"class":98},[47,138757,35194],{"class":102},[47,138759,99],{"class":98},[47,138761,128],{"class":61},[47,138763,137782],{"class":65},[47,138765,128],{"class":61},[47,138767,136],{"class":98},[47,138769,62],{"class":61},[47,138771,137791],{"class":65},[47,138773,128],{"class":61},[47,138775,106],{"class":98},[47,138777,138778,138780,138782,138784],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138779,95],{"class":94},[47,138781,99],{"class":98},[47,138783,192],{"class":102},[47,138785,106],{"class":98},[20,138787,144],{},[38,138789,138790],{"className":40,"code":138009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138791,138792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138793,138794],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138795,138009],{"class":53},[20,138797,1631],{},[38,138799,138801],{"className":40,"code":138800,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138802,138803,138815,138845],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138804,138805,138807,138809,138811,138813],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138806,34884],{"class":53},[47,138808,58],{"class":57},[47,138810,62],{"class":61},[47,138812,137761],{"class":65},[47,138814,69],{"class":61},[47,138816,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138818,34884],{"class":53},[47,138820,58],{"class":57},[47,138822,43031],{"class":53},[47,138824,445],{"class":98},[47,138826,35194],{"class":102},[47,138828,99],{"class":98},[47,138830,128],{"class":61},[47,138832,137782],{"class":65},[47,138834,128],{"class":61},[47,138836,136],{"class":98},[47,138838,62],{"class":61},[47,138840,137791],{"class":65},[47,138842,128],{"class":61},[47,138844,106],{"class":98},[47,138846,138847,138849,138851,138853],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,138848,95],{"class":94},[47,138850,99],{"class":98},[47,138852,192],{"class":102},[47,138854,106],{"class":98},[20,138856,144],{},[38,138858,138859],{"className":40,"code":137810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138860,138861],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138862,138863],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138864,137810],{"class":53},[447,138866,138868],{"id":138867},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[38,138870,138872],{"className":40,"code":138871,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138873,138874,138886],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138875,138876,138878,138880,138882,138884],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138877,34884],{"class":53},[47,138879,58],{"class":57},[47,138881,62],{"class":61},[47,138883,131],{"class":65},[47,138885,69],{"class":61},[47,138887,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138889,95],{"class":94},[47,138891,99],{"class":98},[47,138893,192],{"class":102},[47,138895,445],{"class":98},[47,138897,35194],{"class":102},[47,138899,99],{"class":98},[47,138901,128],{"class":61},[47,138903,4038],{"class":65},[47,138905,128],{"class":61},[47,138907,136],{"class":98},[47,138909,62],{"class":61},[47,138911,1302],{"class":65},[47,138913,128],{"class":61},[47,138915,1796],{"class":98},[20,138917,144],{},[38,138919,138920],{"className":40,"code":263,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,138921,138922],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138923,138924],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138925,263],{"class":53},[20,138927,138928,138929,839,138931,138933],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138930,64720],{},[15,138932,1816],{}," are not the same.",[447,138935,138937],{"id":138936},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[38,138939,138941],{"className":40,"code":138940,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138942,138943,138956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138944,138945,138947,138949,138951,138954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138946,34884],{"class":53},[47,138948,58],{"class":57},[47,138950,62],{"class":61},[47,138952,138953],{"class":65},"red red red",[47,138955,69],{"class":61},[47,138957,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982,138984],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,138959,95],{"class":94},[47,138961,99],{"class":98},[47,138963,192],{"class":102},[47,138965,445],{"class":98},[47,138967,35194],{"class":102},[47,138969,99],{"class":98},[47,138971,128],{"class":61},[47,138973,876],{"class":65},[47,138975,128],{"class":61},[47,138977,136],{"class":98},[47,138979,62],{"class":61},[47,138981,894],{"class":65},[47,138983,128],{"class":61},[47,138985,1796],{"class":98},[20,138987,144],{},[38,138989,138991],{"className":40,"code":138990,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138992,138993],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,138994,138995],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,138996,138990],{"class":53},[20,138998,138999,139000,420],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139001,41449],{},[38,139003,139005],{"className":40,"code":139004,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139006,139007,139019],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139008,139009,139011,139013,139015,139017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139010,34884],{"class":53},[47,139012,58],{"class":57},[47,139014,62],{"class":61},[47,139016,138953],{"class":65},[47,139018,69],{"class":61},[47,139020,139021,139023,139025,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139022,95],{"class":94},[47,139024,99],{"class":98},[47,139026,192],{"class":102},[47,139028,445],{"class":98},[47,139030,35194],{"class":102},[47,139032,99],{"class":98},[47,139034,128],{"class":61},[47,139036,876],{"class":65},[47,139038,128],{"class":61},[47,139040,136],{"class":98},[47,139042,62],{"class":61},[47,139044,894],{"class":65},[47,139046,128],{"class":61},[47,139048,136],{"class":98},[47,139050,1545],{"class":80},[47,139052,1796],{"class":98},[20,139054,144],{},[38,139056,139058],{"className":40,"code":139057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"blue red red\n",[15,139059,139060],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139061,139062],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139063,139057],{"class":53},[447,139065,139067,139068,139070],{"id":139066},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139069,124446],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139072,139073],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[187,139075,139076,139083,139090],{},[190,139077,167,139078,139082],{},[594,139079,139080],{"href":128962},[15,139081,60716],{}," to break a string into a list",[190,139084,167,139085,139089],{},[594,139086,139087],{"href":136845},[15,139088,41843],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[190,139091,167,139092,139094],{},[15,139093,124446],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[33,139096,1969],{"id":1968},[447,139098,1973,139100,124602],{"id":139099},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139101,124446],{},[20,139103,139104],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[447,139106,139108],{"id":139107},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139110,139111],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[447,139113,139115],{"id":139114},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139117,139118],{},"Use the third argument:",[38,139120,139122],{"className":40,"code":139121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139123,139124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139125,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140,139142,139144],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139127,192],{"class":53},[47,139129,445],{"class":98},[47,139131,35194],{"class":102},[47,139133,99],{"class":98},[47,139135,137872],{"class":102},[47,139137,136],{"class":98},[47,139139,137877],{"class":102},[47,139141,136],{"class":98},[47,139143,1545],{"class":80},[47,139145,106],{"class":98},[447,139147,1989,139149,139151],{"id":139148},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139150,124446],{}," remove text?",[20,139153,139154],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[38,139156,139158],{"className":40,"code":139157,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139159,139160],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139161,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139163,192],{"class":53},[47,139165,445],{"class":98},[47,139167,35194],{"class":102},[47,139169,99],{"class":98},[47,139171,128],{"class":61},[47,139173,2374],{"class":65},[47,139175,128],{"class":61},[47,139177,136],{"class":98},[47,139179,6320],{"class":61},[47,139181,106],{"class":98},[447,139183,15097,139185,124611],{"id":139184},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139186,124446],{},[20,139188,129804],{},[33,139190,2075],{"id":2074},[187,139192,139193,139197,139203,139209,139215],{},[190,139194,139195],{},[594,139196,124681],{"href":124443},[190,139198,139199],{},[594,139200,126275,139201,10934],{"href":128962},[15,139202,60716],{},[190,139204,139205],{},[594,139206,126275,139207,10934],{"href":136845},[15,139208,41843],{},[190,139210,139211],{},[594,139212,126275,139213,10934],{"href":124002},[15,139214,124005],{},[190,139216,139217],{},[594,139218,125030],{"href":596},[2110,139220,139221],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":139223},[139224,139225,139227,139230,139231,139235,139239,139240,139242,139250,139260],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":137825,"depth":72,"text":139226},"What replace() does",{"id":5625,"depth":72,"text":5626,"children":139228},[139229],{"id":17590,"depth":84,"text":17591},{"id":5981,"depth":72,"text":5982},{"id":138040,"depth":72,"text":138041,"children":139232},[139233,139234],{"id":138054,"depth":84,"text":138055},{"id":138135,"depth":84,"text":138136},{"id":138223,"depth":72,"text":138224,"children":139236},[139237,139238],{"id":138232,"depth":84,"text":138233},{"id":138308,"depth":84,"text":138309},{"id":123921,"depth":72,"text":123922},{"id":138504,"depth":72,"text":139241},"What replace() returns",{"id":4712,"depth":72,"text":4713,"children":139243},[139244,139246,139247,139248],{"id":138723,"depth":84,"text":139245},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138867,"depth":84,"text":138868},{"id":138936,"depth":84,"text":138937},{"id":139066,"depth":84,"text":139249},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":139251},[139252,139254,139255,139256,139258],{"id":139099,"depth":84,"text":139253},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139107,"depth":84,"text":139108},{"id":139114,"depth":84,"text":139115},{"id":139148,"depth":84,"text":139257},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139184,"depth":84,"text":139259},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137710,"description":139261},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139268,"title":139269,"body":139270,"description":141289,"extension":2167,"meta":141290,"navigation":87,"path":141291,"seo":141292,"stem":141293,"__hash__":141294},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139271,"toc":141253},[139272,139277,139282,139285,139296,139298,139353,139358,139363,139370,139372,139387,139389,139445,139447,139485,139490,139492,139516,139519,139532,139537,139539,139571,139573,139606,139612,139617,139620,139630,139633,139635,139691,139693,139743,139746,139754,139757,139813,139815,139888,139901,139909,139913,139924,139927,139930,139983,139985,140017,140020,140074,140076,140111,140114,140119,140124,140129,140132,140134,140192,140194,140228,140230,140245,140248,140250,140292,140294,140320,140325,140333,140336,140338,140420,140422,140473,140476,140487,140495,140497,140570,140572,140590,140594,140597,140601,140628,140630,140638,140642,140677,140679,140692,140696,140699,140738,140740,140757,140762,140767,140778,140781,140792,140794,140796,140822,140825,140874,140876,140893,140896,140898,140950,140952,140984,140987,141045,141050,141052,141057,141160,141162,141176,141178,141185,141190,141195,141200,141205,141210,141213,141217,141222,141224,141250],[10,139273,123275,139275,11516],{"id":139274},"python-string-split-method",[15,139276,60716],{},[20,139278,123280,139279,139281],{},[15,139280,60716],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139283,139284],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[187,139286,139287,139290,139293],{},[190,139288,139289],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[190,139291,139292],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[190,139294,139295],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[33,139297,36],{"id":35},[38,139299,139301],{"className":40,"code":139300,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139302,139303,139316,139338,139348],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139304,139305,139307,139309,139311,139314],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139306,34884],{"class":53},[47,139308,58],{"class":57},[47,139310,62],{"class":61},[47,139312,139313],{"class":65},"apple,banana,cherry",[47,139315,69],{"class":61},[47,139317,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139319,43026],{"class":53},[47,139321,58],{"class":57},[47,139323,43031],{"class":53},[47,139325,445],{"class":98},[47,139327,34665],{"class":102},[47,139329,99],{"class":98},[47,139331,128],{"class":61},[47,139333,136],{"class":65},[47,139335,128],{"class":61},[47,139337,106],{"class":98},[47,139339,139340,139342,139344,139346],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,139341,95],{"class":94},[47,139343,99],{"class":98},[47,139345,43058],{"class":102},[47,139347,106],{"class":98},[47,139349,139350],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,139351,139352],{"class":3857},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139354,167,139355,139357],{},[15,139356,60716],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[33,139359,174,139361,177],{"id":139360},"what-split-does",[15,139362,60716],{},[20,139364,139365,132323,139367,445],{},[15,139366,60716],{},[280,139368,139369],{},"string method",[20,139371,49113],{},[187,139373,139374,139377,139382],{},[190,139375,139376],{},"divides a string into parts",[190,139378,119577,139379],{},[280,139380,139381],{},"new list of strings",[190,139383,119583,139384,139386],{},[280,139385,4826],{}," change the original string",[20,139388,204],{},[38,139390,139392],{"className":40,"code":139391,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139393,139394,139407,139421,139425,139435],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139395,139396,139398,139400,139402,139405],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139397,34884],{"class":53},[47,139399,58],{"class":57},[47,139401,62],{"class":61},[47,139403,139404],{"class":65},"red blue green",[47,139406,69],{"class":61},[47,139408,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139410,43026],{"class":53},[47,139412,58],{"class":57},[47,139414,43031],{"class":53},[47,139416,445],{"class":98},[47,139418,34665],{"class":102},[47,139420,8836],{"class":98},[47,139422,139423],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,139424,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,139426,139427,139429,139431,139433],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,139428,95],{"class":94},[47,139430,99],{"class":98},[47,139432,192],{"class":102},[47,139434,106],{"class":98},[47,139436,139437,139439,139441,139443],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,139438,95],{"class":94},[47,139440,99],{"class":98},[47,139442,43058],{"class":102},[47,139444,106],{"class":98},[20,139446,144],{},[38,139448,139450],{"className":40,"code":139449,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139451,139452,139457],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139453,139454],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139455,139456],{"class":53},"red blue green\n",[47,139458,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475,139477,139479,139481,139483],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139460,4092],{"class":98},[47,139462,3493],{"class":61},[47,139464,876],{"class":65},[47,139466,3493],{"class":61},[47,139468,136],{"class":98},[47,139470,3488],{"class":61},[47,139472,894],{"class":65},[47,139474,3493],{"class":61},[47,139476,136],{"class":98},[47,139478,3488],{"class":61},[47,139480,885],{"class":65},[47,139482,3493],{"class":61},[47,139484,3828],{"class":98},[20,139486,139487,139488,445],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[594,139489,125030],{"href":596},[33,139491,290],{"id":289},[38,139493,139495],{"className":40,"code":139494,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139496,139497],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139498,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139514],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139500,61359],{"class":53},[47,139502,445],{"class":98},[47,139504,34665],{"class":102},[47,139506,99],{"class":98},[47,139508,133679],{"class":102},[47,139510,136],{"class":98},[47,139512,139513],{"class":102}," maxsplit",[47,139515,106],{"class":98},[20,139517,139518],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[187,139520,139521,139526],{},[190,139522,139523,139525],{},[15,139524,133679],{}," tells Python where to split",[190,139527,139528,139531],{},[15,139529,139530],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139533,1625,139534,139536],{},[15,139535,133679],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139538,204],{},[38,139540,139542],{"className":40,"code":139541,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139543,139544,139557],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139545,139546,139548,139550,139552,139555],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139547,34884],{"class":53},[47,139549,58],{"class":57},[47,139551,62],{"class":61},[47,139553,139554],{"class":65},"one two three",[47,139556,69],{"class":61},[47,139558,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139560,95],{"class":94},[47,139562,99],{"class":98},[47,139564,192],{"class":102},[47,139566,445],{"class":98},[47,139568,34665],{"class":102},[47,139570,7389],{"class":98},[20,139572,144],{},[38,139574,139576],{"className":40,"code":139575,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139577,139578],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139579,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139581,4092],{"class":98},[47,139583,3493],{"class":61},[47,139585,6779],{"class":65},[47,139587,3493],{"class":61},[47,139589,136],{"class":98},[47,139591,3488],{"class":61},[47,139593,79455],{"class":65},[47,139595,3493],{"class":61},[47,139597,136],{"class":98},[47,139599,3488],{"class":61},[47,139601,134161],{"class":65},[47,139603,3493],{"class":61},[47,139605,3828],{"class":98},[33,139607,1654,139609,139611],{"id":139608},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139610,60716],{}," with no separator",[20,139613,70358,139614,139616],{},[15,139615,60716],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139618,139619],{},"Whitespace includes:",[187,139621,139622,139624,139627],{},[190,139623,10644],{},[190,139625,139626],{},"tabs",[190,139628,139629],{},"new lines",[20,139631,139632],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139634,204],{},[38,139636,139638],{"className":40,"code":139637,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139639,139640,139663,139677,139681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139641,139642,139644,139646,139648,139651,139654,139656,139658,139661],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139643,34884],{"class":53},[47,139645,58],{"class":57},[47,139647,62],{"class":61},[47,139649,139650],{"class":65},"Python   is",[47,139652,139653],{"class":1213},"\\t",[47,139655,133415],{"class":65},[47,139657,1214],{"class":1213},[47,139659,139660],{"class":65},"and useful",[47,139662,69],{"class":61},[47,139664,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139666,43026],{"class":53},[47,139668,58],{"class":57},[47,139670,43031],{"class":53},[47,139672,445],{"class":98},[47,139674,34665],{"class":102},[47,139676,8836],{"class":98},[47,139678,139679],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,139680,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,139682,139683,139685,139687,139689],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,139684,95],{"class":94},[47,139686,99],{"class":98},[47,139688,43058],{"class":102},[47,139690,106],{"class":98},[20,139692,144],{},[38,139694,139696],{"className":40,"code":139695,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139697,139698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139699,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139739,139741],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139701,4092],{"class":98},[47,139703,3493],{"class":61},[47,139705,7492],{"class":65},[47,139707,3493],{"class":61},[47,139709,136],{"class":98},[47,139711,3488],{"class":61},[47,139713,12388],{"class":65},[47,139715,3493],{"class":61},[47,139717,136],{"class":98},[47,139719,3488],{"class":61},[47,139721,133415],{"class":65},[47,139723,3493],{"class":61},[47,139725,136],{"class":98},[47,139727,3488],{"class":61},[47,139729,130040],{"class":65},[47,139731,3493],{"class":61},[47,139733,136],{"class":98},[47,139735,3488],{"class":61},[47,139737,139738],{"class":65},"useful",[47,139740,3493],{"class":61},[47,139742,3828],{"class":98},[20,139744,139745],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[447,139747,139749,10778,139751],{"id":139748},"split-vs-split",[15,139750,60716],{},[15,139752,139753],{},"split(' ')",[20,139755,139756],{},"These are not the same.",[38,139758,139760],{"className":40,"code":139759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139761,139762,139775,139779,139793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139763,139764,139766,139768,139770,139773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139765,34884],{"class":53},[47,139767,58],{"class":57},[47,139769,62],{"class":61},[47,139771,139772],{"class":65},"a  b   c",[47,139774,69],{"class":61},[47,139776,139777],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139778,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,139782,95],{"class":94},[47,139784,99],{"class":98},[47,139786,192],{"class":102},[47,139788,445],{"class":98},[47,139790,34665],{"class":102},[47,139792,7389],{"class":98},[47,139794,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,139796,95],{"class":94},[47,139798,99],{"class":98},[47,139800,192],{"class":102},[47,139802,445],{"class":98},[47,139804,34665],{"class":102},[47,139806,99],{"class":98},[47,139808,128],{"class":61},[47,139810,62],{"class":61},[47,139812,1796],{"class":98},[20,139814,144],{},[38,139816,139818],{"className":40,"code":139817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139819,139820,139848],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139821,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844,139846],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139823,4092],{"class":98},[47,139825,3493],{"class":61},[47,139827,594],{"class":65},[47,139829,3493],{"class":61},[47,139831,136],{"class":98},[47,139833,3488],{"class":61},[47,139835,4957],{"class":65},[47,139837,3493],{"class":61},[47,139839,136],{"class":98},[47,139841,3488],{"class":61},[47,139843,9931],{"class":65},[47,139845,3493],{"class":61},[47,139847,3828],{"class":98},[47,139849,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139851,4092],{"class":98},[47,139853,3493],{"class":61},[47,139855,594],{"class":65},[47,139857,3493],{"class":61},[47,139859,136],{"class":98},[47,139861,4031],{"class":61},[47,139863,136],{"class":98},[47,139865,3488],{"class":61},[47,139867,4957],{"class":65},[47,139869,3493],{"class":61},[47,139871,136],{"class":98},[47,139873,4031],{"class":61},[47,139875,136],{"class":98},[47,139877,4031],{"class":61},[47,139879,136],{"class":98},[47,139881,3488],{"class":61},[47,139883,9931],{"class":65},[47,139885,3493],{"class":61},[47,139887,3828],{"class":98},[187,139889,139890,139895],{},[190,139891,139892,139894],{},[15,139893,60716],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[190,139896,139897,139900],{},[15,139898,139899],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139902,139903,139904,139908],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[594,139905,126275,139906,10934],{"href":136845},[15,139907,41843],{}," is often useful.",[33,139910,139912],{"id":139911},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139914,139915,139916,2390,139919,2394,139921,445],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139917,139918],{},"\",\"",[15,139920,133514],{},[15,139922,139923],{},"\"::\"",[20,139925,139926],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139928,139929],{},"Example with commas:",[38,139931,139933],{"className":40,"code":139932,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139934,139935,139947,139969,139973],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139936,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139938,34884],{"class":53},[47,139940,58],{"class":57},[47,139942,62],{"class":61},[47,139944,139313],{"class":65},[47,139946,69],{"class":61},[47,139948,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,139950,43026],{"class":53},[47,139952,58],{"class":57},[47,139954,43031],{"class":53},[47,139956,445],{"class":98},[47,139958,34665],{"class":102},[47,139960,99],{"class":98},[47,139962,128],{"class":61},[47,139964,136],{"class":65},[47,139966,128],{"class":61},[47,139968,106],{"class":98},[47,139970,139971],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,139972,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,139974,139975,139977,139979,139981],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,139976,95],{"class":94},[47,139978,99],{"class":98},[47,139980,43058],{"class":102},[47,139982,106],{"class":98},[20,139984,144],{},[38,139986,139987],{"className":40,"code":78634,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,139988,139989],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,139990,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,139992,4092],{"class":98},[47,139994,3493],{"class":61},[47,139996,4272],{"class":65},[47,139998,3493],{"class":61},[47,140000,136],{"class":98},[47,140002,3488],{"class":61},[47,140004,4281],{"class":65},[47,140006,3493],{"class":61},[47,140008,136],{"class":98},[47,140010,3488],{"class":61},[47,140012,4290],{"class":65},[47,140014,3493],{"class":61},[47,140016,3828],{"class":98},[20,140018,140019],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[38,140021,140023],{"className":40,"code":140022,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140024,140025,140038,140060,140064],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140026,140027,140029,140031,140033,140036],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140028,34884],{"class":53},[47,140030,58],{"class":57},[47,140032,62],{"class":61},[47,140034,140035],{"class":65},"2024::10::31",[47,140037,69],{"class":61},[47,140039,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140041,43026],{"class":53},[47,140043,58],{"class":57},[47,140045,43031],{"class":53},[47,140047,445],{"class":98},[47,140049,34665],{"class":102},[47,140051,99],{"class":98},[47,140053,128],{"class":61},[47,140055,76851],{"class":65},[47,140057,128],{"class":61},[47,140059,106],{"class":98},[47,140061,140062],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,140063,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,140065,140066,140068,140070,140072],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,140067,95],{"class":94},[47,140069,99],{"class":98},[47,140071,43058],{"class":102},[47,140073,106],{"class":98},[20,140075,144],{},[38,140077,140079],{"className":40,"code":140078,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140080,140081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140082,140083,140085,140087,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140107,140109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140084,4092],{"class":98},[47,140086,3493],{"class":61},[47,140088,140089],{"class":65},"2024",[47,140091,3493],{"class":61},[47,140093,136],{"class":98},[47,140095,3488],{"class":61},[47,140097,582],{"class":65},[47,140099,3493],{"class":61},[47,140101,136],{"class":98},[47,140103,3488],{"class":61},[47,140105,140106],{"class":65},"31",[47,140108,3493],{"class":61},[47,140110,3828],{"class":98},[20,140112,140113],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140115,140116,140117,445],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[594,140118,128959],{"href":128958},[33,140120,1654,140122],{"id":140121},"using-maxsplit",[15,140123,139530],{},[20,140125,140126,140128],{},[15,140127,139530],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140130,140131],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140133,204],{},[38,140135,140137],{"className":40,"code":140136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140138,140139,140152,140178,140182],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140140,140141,140143,140145,140147,140150],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140142,34884],{"class":53},[47,140144,58],{"class":57},[47,140146,62],{"class":61},[47,140148,140149],{"class":65},"name:age:city:country",[47,140151,69],{"class":61},[47,140153,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140155,43026],{"class":53},[47,140157,58],{"class":57},[47,140159,43031],{"class":53},[47,140161,445],{"class":98},[47,140163,34665],{"class":102},[47,140165,99],{"class":98},[47,140167,128],{"class":61},[47,140169,420],{"class":65},[47,140171,128],{"class":61},[47,140173,136],{"class":98},[47,140175,1562],{"class":80},[47,140177,106],{"class":98},[47,140179,140180],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,140181,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,140183,140184,140186,140188,140190],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,140185,95],{"class":94},[47,140187,99],{"class":98},[47,140189,43058],{"class":102},[47,140191,106],{"class":98},[20,140193,144],{},[38,140195,140197],{"className":40,"code":140196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140198,140199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140200,140201,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221,140224,140226],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140202,4092],{"class":98},[47,140204,3493],{"class":61},[47,140206,103],{"class":65},[47,140208,3493],{"class":61},[47,140210,136],{"class":98},[47,140212,3488],{"class":61},[47,140214,116],{"class":65},[47,140216,3493],{"class":61},[47,140218,136],{"class":98},[47,140220,3488],{"class":61},[47,140222,140223],{"class":65},"city:country",[47,140225,3493],{"class":61},[47,140227,3828],{"class":98},[20,140229,2379],{},[187,140231,140232,140237,140242],{},[190,140233,140234,140235],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140236,420],{},[190,140238,140239,140240],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140241,420],{},[190,140243,140244],{},"then stops",[20,140246,140247],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140249,52265],{},[38,140251,140253],{"className":40,"code":140252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140254,140255,140268],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140256,140257,140259,140261,140263,140266],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140258,34884],{"class":53},[47,140260,58],{"class":57},[47,140262,62],{"class":61},[47,140264,140265],{"class":65},"apple banana cherry grape",[47,140267,69],{"class":61},[47,140269,140270,140272,140274,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140271,95],{"class":94},[47,140273,99],{"class":98},[47,140275,192],{"class":102},[47,140277,445],{"class":98},[47,140279,34665],{"class":102},[47,140281,99],{"class":98},[47,140283,128],{"class":61},[47,140285,62],{"class":61},[47,140287,136],{"class":98},[47,140289,1545],{"class":80},[47,140291,1796],{"class":98},[20,140293,144],{},[38,140295,140297],{"className":40,"code":140296,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140298,140299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140300,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313,140316,140318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140302,4092],{"class":98},[47,140304,3493],{"class":61},[47,140306,4272],{"class":65},[47,140308,3493],{"class":61},[47,140310,136],{"class":98},[47,140312,3488],{"class":61},[47,140314,140315],{"class":65},"banana cherry grape",[47,140317,3493],{"class":61},[47,140319,3828],{"class":98},[33,140321,174,140323,11901],{"id":140322},"what-split-returns",[15,140324,60716],{},[20,140326,140327,140328,140330,140331,445],{},"The result of ",[15,140329,60716],{}," is always a ",[280,140332,8288],{},[20,140334,140335],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140337,204],{},[38,140339,140341],{"className":40,"code":140340,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140342,140343,140356,140378,140382,140392,140406],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140344,140345,140347,140349,140351,140354],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140346,34884],{"class":53},[47,140348,58],{"class":57},[47,140350,62],{"class":61},[47,140352,140353],{"class":65},"cat,dog,bird",[47,140355,69],{"class":61},[47,140357,140358,140360,140362,140364,140366,140368,140370,140372,140374,140376],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140359,43026],{"class":53},[47,140361,58],{"class":57},[47,140363,43031],{"class":53},[47,140365,445],{"class":98},[47,140367,34665],{"class":102},[47,140369,99],{"class":98},[47,140371,128],{"class":61},[47,140373,136],{"class":65},[47,140375,128],{"class":61},[47,140377,106],{"class":98},[47,140379,140380],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,140381,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,140383,140384,140386,140388,140390],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,140385,95],{"class":94},[47,140387,99],{"class":98},[47,140389,43058],{"class":102},[47,140391,106],{"class":98},[47,140393,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,140395,95],{"class":94},[47,140397,99],{"class":98},[47,140399,1922],{"class":1788},[47,140401,99],{"class":98},[47,140403,43058],{"class":102},[47,140405,1796],{"class":98},[47,140407,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,140409,95],{"class":94},[47,140411,99],{"class":98},[47,140413,43058],{"class":102},[47,140415,4092],{"class":98},[47,140417,2321],{"class":80},[47,140419,4080],{"class":98},[20,140421,144],{},[38,140423,140425],{"className":40,"code":140424,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140426,140427,140455,140469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140428,140429,140431,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140430,4092],{"class":98},[47,140432,3493],{"class":61},[47,140434,37239],{"class":65},[47,140436,3493],{"class":61},[47,140438,136],{"class":98},[47,140440,3488],{"class":61},[47,140442,58311],{"class":65},[47,140444,3493],{"class":61},[47,140446,136],{"class":98},[47,140448,3488],{"class":61},[47,140450,58328],{"class":65},[47,140452,3493],{"class":61},[47,140454,3828],{"class":98},[47,140456,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465,140467],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140458,3482],{"class":57},[47,140460,3485],{"class":2266},[47,140462,3488],{"class":61},[47,140464,8288],{"class":65},[47,140466,3493],{"class":61},[47,140468,3496],{"class":57},[47,140470,140471],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,140472,85650],{"class":53},[20,140474,140475],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[187,140477,140478,140481,140484],{},[190,140479,140480],{},"loop over it",[190,140482,140483],{},"access items by index",[190,140485,140486],{},"combine items again later",[20,140488,140489,140490,445],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[594,140491,126275,140493,10934],{"href":140492},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140494,133357],{},[20,140496,204],{},[38,140498,140500],{"className":40,"code":140499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140501,140502,140534,140556,140560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140503,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140505,43026],{"class":53},[47,140507,58],{"class":57},[47,140509,3815],{"class":98},[47,140511,3493],{"class":61},[47,140513,37239],{"class":65},[47,140515,3493],{"class":61},[47,140517,136],{"class":98},[47,140519,3488],{"class":61},[47,140521,58311],{"class":65},[47,140523,3493],{"class":61},[47,140525,136],{"class":98},[47,140527,3488],{"class":61},[47,140529,58328],{"class":65},[47,140531,3493],{"class":61},[47,140533,3828],{"class":98},[47,140535,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140537,34884],{"class":53},[47,140539,58],{"class":57},[47,140541,62],{"class":61},[47,140543,1033],{"class":65},[47,140545,128],{"class":61},[47,140547,445],{"class":98},[47,140549,133434],{"class":102},[47,140551,99],{"class":98},[47,140553,43058],{"class":102},[47,140555,106],{"class":98},[47,140557,140558],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,140559,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,140561,140562,140564,140566,140568],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,140563,95],{"class":94},[47,140565,99],{"class":98},[47,140567,192],{"class":102},[47,140569,106],{"class":98},[20,140571,144],{},[38,140573,140575],{"className":40,"code":140574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140576,140577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140578,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140580,37239],{"class":53},[47,140582,1033],{"class":57},[47,140584,58311],{"class":53},[47,140586,1033],{"class":57},[47,140588,140589],{"class":53},"bird\n",[33,140591,140593],{"id":140592},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140595,140596],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[447,140598,140600],{"id":140599},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[38,140602,140604],{"className":40,"code":140603,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140605,140606,140614],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140607,140608,140610,140612],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140609,34884],{"class":53},[47,140611,58],{"class":57},[47,140613,8077],{"class":61},[47,140615,140616,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140617,95],{"class":94},[47,140619,99],{"class":98},[47,140621,192],{"class":102},[47,140623,445],{"class":98},[47,140625,34665],{"class":102},[47,140627,7389],{"class":98},[20,140629,144],{},[38,140631,140632],{"className":40,"code":38489,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140633,140634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140635,140636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140637,38489],{"class":98},[447,140639,140641],{"id":140640},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[38,140643,140645],{"className":40,"code":140644,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140646,140647,140655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140648,140649,140651,140653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140650,34884],{"class":53},[47,140652,58],{"class":57},[47,140654,8077],{"class":61},[47,140656,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673,140675],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140658,95],{"class":94},[47,140660,99],{"class":98},[47,140662,192],{"class":102},[47,140664,445],{"class":98},[47,140666,34665],{"class":102},[47,140668,99],{"class":98},[47,140670,128],{"class":61},[47,140672,136],{"class":65},[47,140674,128],{"class":61},[47,140676,1796],{"class":98},[20,140678,144],{},[38,140680,140682],{"className":40,"code":140681,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['']\n",[15,140683,140684],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140685,140686,140688,140690],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140687,4092],{"class":98},[47,140689,3966],{"class":61},[47,140691,3828],{"class":98},[447,140693,140695],{"id":140694},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140697,140698],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[38,140700,140702],{"className":40,"code":140701,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140703,140704,140716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140705,140706,140708,140710,140712,140714],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140707,34884],{"class":53},[47,140709,58],{"class":57},[47,140711,62],{"class":61},[47,140713,4038],{"class":65},[47,140715,69],{"class":61},[47,140717,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734,140736],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140719,95],{"class":94},[47,140721,99],{"class":98},[47,140723,192],{"class":102},[47,140725,445],{"class":98},[47,140727,34665],{"class":102},[47,140729,99],{"class":98},[47,140731,128],{"class":61},[47,140733,136],{"class":65},[47,140735,128],{"class":61},[47,140737,1796],{"class":98},[20,140739,144],{},[38,140741,140743],{"className":40,"code":140742,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"['hello']\n",[15,140744,140745],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140746,140747,140749,140751,140753,140755],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140748,4092],{"class":98},[47,140750,3493],{"class":61},[47,140752,4038],{"class":65},[47,140754,3493],{"class":61},[47,140756,3828],{"class":98},[33,140758,5158,140760],{"id":140759},"when-to-use-split",[15,140761,60716],{},[20,140763,167,140764,140766],{},[15,140765,60716],{}," when you need to:",[187,140768,140769,140772,140775],{},[190,140770,140771],{},"split a sentence into words",[190,140773,140774],{},"split comma-separated values",[190,140776,140777],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140779,140780],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[187,140782,140783,140786,140789],{},[190,140784,140785],{},"cleaning text",[190,140787,140788],{},"parsing user input",[190,140790,140791],{},"processing simple file content",[33,140793,1595],{"id":1594},[20,140795,84422],{},[187,140797,140798,140802,140808,140811,140819],{},[190,140799,50692,140800,131495],{},[15,140801,60716],{},[190,140803,140804,140805,140807],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140806,60716],{}," returns a list, not a string",[190,140809,140810],{},"using the wrong separator",[190,140812,140813,140814,140816,140817],{},"assuming ",[15,140815,139753],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140818,60716],{},[190,140820,140821],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140823,140824],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[38,140826,140828],{"className":40,"code":140827,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140829,140830,140842,140860,140864],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140831,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140833,34884],{"class":53},[47,140835,58],{"class":57},[47,140837,62],{"class":61},[47,140839,43019],{"class":65},[47,140841,69],{"class":61},[47,140843,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854,140856,140858],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140845,192],{"class":53},[47,140847,445],{"class":98},[47,140849,34665],{"class":102},[47,140851,99],{"class":98},[47,140853,128],{"class":61},[47,140855,136],{"class":65},[47,140857,128],{"class":61},[47,140859,106],{"class":98},[47,140861,140862],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,140863,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,140865,140866,140868,140870,140872],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,140867,95],{"class":94},[47,140869,99],{"class":98},[47,140871,192],{"class":102},[47,140873,106],{"class":98},[20,140875,144],{},[38,140877,140879],{"className":40,"code":140878,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a,b,c\n",[15,140880,140881],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140882,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140884,594],{"class":53},[47,140886,136],{"class":98},[47,140888,4957],{"class":53},[47,140890,136],{"class":98},[47,140892,69431],{"class":53},[20,140894,140895],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140897,1631],{},[38,140899,140900],{"className":40,"code":43006,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140901,140902,140914,140936,140940],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140903,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140905,34884],{"class":53},[47,140907,58],{"class":57},[47,140909,62],{"class":61},[47,140911,43019],{"class":65},[47,140913,69],{"class":61},[47,140915,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,140917,43026],{"class":53},[47,140919,58],{"class":57},[47,140921,43031],{"class":53},[47,140923,445],{"class":98},[47,140925,34665],{"class":102},[47,140927,99],{"class":98},[47,140929,128],{"class":61},[47,140931,136],{"class":65},[47,140933,128],{"class":61},[47,140935,106],{"class":98},[47,140937,140938],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,140939,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,140941,140942,140944,140946,140948],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,140943,95],{"class":94},[47,140945,99],{"class":98},[47,140947,43058],{"class":102},[47,140949,106],{"class":98},[20,140951,144],{},[38,140953,140954],{"className":40,"code":43065,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,140955,140956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140957,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140959,4092],{"class":98},[47,140961,3493],{"class":61},[47,140963,594],{"class":65},[47,140965,3493],{"class":61},[47,140967,136],{"class":98},[47,140969,3488],{"class":61},[47,140971,4957],{"class":65},[47,140973,3493],{"class":61},[47,140975,136],{"class":98},[47,140977,3488],{"class":61},[47,140979,9931],{"class":65},[47,140981,3493],{"class":61},[47,140983,3828],{"class":98},[20,140985,140986],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[38,140988,140990],{"className":40,"code":140989,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140991,140992,141005,141027,141031],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,140993,140994,140996,140998,141000,141003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,140995,34884],{"class":53},[47,140997,58],{"class":57},[47,140999,62],{"class":61},[47,141001,141002],{"class":65},"apple,banana",[47,141004,69],{"class":61},[47,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141008,43026],{"class":53},[47,141010,58],{"class":57},[47,141012,43031],{"class":53},[47,141014,445],{"class":98},[47,141016,34665],{"class":102},[47,141018,99],{"class":98},[47,141020,128],{"class":61},[47,141022,136],{"class":65},[47,141024,128],{"class":61},[47,141026,106],{"class":98},[47,141028,141029],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,141030,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,141032,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,141034,95],{"class":94},[47,141036,99],{"class":98},[47,141038,43058],{"class":102},[47,141040,4092],{"class":98},[47,141042,243],{"class":80},[47,141044,4080],{"class":98},[20,141046,141047,141048,445],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[594,141049,69444],{"href":69443},[447,141051,60895],{"id":60894},[20,141053,1625,141054,141056],{},[15,141055,60716],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[38,141058,141060],{"className":40,"code":141059,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141061,141062,141072,141086,141108,141134],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141063,141064,141066,141068,141070],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141065,95],{"class":94},[47,141067,99],{"class":98},[47,141069,192],{"class":102},[47,141071,106],{"class":98},[47,141073,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141075,95],{"class":94},[47,141077,99],{"class":98},[47,141079,192],{"class":102},[47,141081,445],{"class":98},[47,141083,34665],{"class":102},[47,141085,7389],{"class":98},[47,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,141089,95],{"class":94},[47,141091,99],{"class":98},[47,141093,192],{"class":102},[47,141095,445],{"class":98},[47,141097,34665],{"class":102},[47,141099,99],{"class":98},[47,141101,3493],{"class":61},[47,141103,136],{"class":65},[47,141105,3493],{"class":61},[47,141107,1796],{"class":98},[47,141109,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,141111,95],{"class":94},[47,141113,99],{"class":98},[47,141115,11355],{"class":94},[47,141117,99],{"class":98},[47,141119,192],{"class":102},[47,141121,445],{"class":98},[47,141123,34665],{"class":102},[47,141125,99],{"class":98},[47,141127,3493],{"class":61},[47,141129,136],{"class":65},[47,141131,3493],{"class":61},[47,141133,3106],{"class":98},[47,141135,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,141137,95],{"class":94},[47,141139,99],{"class":98},[47,141141,1922],{"class":1788},[47,141143,99],{"class":98},[47,141145,192],{"class":102},[47,141147,445],{"class":98},[47,141149,34665],{"class":102},[47,141151,99],{"class":98},[47,141153,3493],{"class":61},[47,141155,136],{"class":65},[47,141157,3493],{"class":61},[47,141159,3106],{"class":98},[20,141161,11364],{},[187,141163,141164,141167,141170,141173],{},[190,141165,141166],{},"what the original string looks like",[190,141168,141169],{},"which separator works",[190,141171,141172],{},"how many items were created",[190,141174,141175],{},"that the result is a list",[33,141177,1969],{"id":1968},[447,141179,2055,141181,839,141183,2009],{"id":141180},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141182,60716],{},[15,141184,139753],{},[20,141186,141187,141189],{},[15,141188,60716],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141191,141192,141194],{},[15,141193,139753],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[447,141196,1973,141198,124602],{"id":141197},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141199,60716],{},[20,141201,141202,141203,56663],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141204,60716],{},[447,141206,5339,141208,40151],{"id":141207},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141209,139530],{},[20,141211,141212],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[447,141214,141216],{"id":141215},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141218,2012,141219,141221],{},[15,141220,60716],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[33,141223,2075],{"id":2074},[187,141225,141226,141230,141236,141242,141246],{},[190,141227,141228],{},[594,141229,129880],{"href":128958},[190,141231,141232],{},[594,141233,126275,141234,10934],{"href":140492},[15,141235,133357],{},[190,141237,141238],{},[594,141239,126275,141240,10934],{"href":136845},[15,141241,41843],{},[190,141243,141244],{},[594,141245,125030],{"href":596},[190,141247,141248],{},[594,141249,69444],{"href":69443},[2110,141251,141252],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":141254},[141255,141256,141258,141259,141264,141265,141267,141269,141274,141276,141279,141288],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":139360,"depth":72,"text":141257},"What split() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":139608,"depth":72,"text":141260,"children":141261},"Using split() with no separator",[141262],{"id":139748,"depth":84,"text":141263},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139911,"depth":72,"text":139912},{"id":140121,"depth":72,"text":141266},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140322,"depth":72,"text":141268},"What split() returns",{"id":140592,"depth":72,"text":140593,"children":141270},[141271,141272,141273],{"id":140599,"depth":84,"text":140600},{"id":140640,"depth":84,"text":140641},{"id":140694,"depth":84,"text":140695},{"id":140759,"depth":72,"text":141275},"When to use split()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":141277},[141278],{"id":60894,"depth":84,"text":60895},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":141280},[141281,141283,141285,141287],{"id":141180,"depth":84,"text":141282},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141197,"depth":84,"text":141284},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141207,"depth":84,"text":141286},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141215,"depth":84,"text":141216},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139269,"description":141289},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141296,"title":141297,"body":141298,"description":143241,"extension":2167,"meta":143242,"navigation":87,"path":143243,"seo":143244,"stem":143245,"__hash__":143246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141299,"toc":143200},[141300,141305,141310,141317,141390,141395,141400,141405,141421,141423,141493,141495,141497,141517,141519,141564,141569,141571,141669,141674,141678,141683,141687,141690,141732,141736,141739,141784,141788,141791,141841,141845,141850,141902,141904,141909,141920,141925,142005,142007,142019,142028,142035,142050,142052,142167,142173,142177,142180,142185,142327,142330,142337,142339,142343,142351,142420,142426,142475,142480,142485,142487,142507,142509,142575,142577,142581,142584,142588,142629,142631,142664,142669,142672,142699,142701,142744,142751,142756,142766,142832,142836,142844,142849,142900,142904,142907,142909,142918,142920,142970,142972,143079,143081,143086,143093,143099,143102,143133,143138,143140,143147,143155,143164,143167,143169,143197],[10,141301,123275,141303,11516],{"id":141302},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141304,127643],{},[20,141306,123280,141307,141309],{},[15,141308,127643],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141311,126341,141312,3072,141314,141316],{},[15,141313,3795],{},[15,141315,3868],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[38,141318,141320],{"className":40,"code":141319,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141321,141322,141335,141339,141364],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141323,141324,141326,141328,141330,141333],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141325,34884],{"class":53},[47,141327,58],{"class":57},[47,141329,62],{"class":61},[47,141331,141332],{"class":65},"Python Beginner Help",[47,141334,69],{"class":61},[47,141336,141337],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141338,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,141340,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141352,141354,141356,141358,141360,141362],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,141342,95],{"class":94},[47,141344,99],{"class":98},[47,141346,192],{"class":102},[47,141348,445],{"class":98},[47,141350,141351],{"class":102},"startswith",[47,141353,99],{"class":98},[47,141355,128],{"class":61},[47,141357,7492],{"class":65},[47,141359,128],{"class":61},[47,141361,5556],{"class":98},[47,141363,44045],{"class":3857},[47,141365,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141383,141385,141387],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,141367,95],{"class":94},[47,141369,99],{"class":98},[47,141371,192],{"class":102},[47,141373,445],{"class":98},[47,141375,141351],{"class":102},[47,141377,99],{"class":98},[47,141379,128],{"class":61},[47,141381,141382],{"class":65},"Beginner",[47,141384,128],{"class":61},[47,141386,5556],{"class":98},[47,141388,141389],{"class":3857}," # False\n",[20,141391,167,141392,141394],{},[15,141393,127643],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[33,141396,174,141398,177],{"id":141397},"what-startswith-does",[15,141399,127643],{},[20,141401,141402,141404],{},[15,141403,127643],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[187,141406,141407,141410,141416,141418],{},[190,141408,141409],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[190,141411,5345,141412,3072,141414],{},[15,141413,3795],{},[15,141415,3868],{},[190,141417,123418],{},[190,141419,141420],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141422,204],{},[38,141424,141426],{"className":40,"code":141425,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141427,141428,141440,141444,141469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141429,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141431,54],{"class":53},[47,141433,58],{"class":57},[47,141435,62],{"class":61},[47,141437,7492],{"class":65},[47,141439,69],{"class":61},[47,141441,141442],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141443,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,141445,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460,141463,141465,141467],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,141447,95],{"class":94},[47,141449,99],{"class":98},[47,141451,103],{"class":102},[47,141453,445],{"class":98},[47,141455,141351],{"class":102},[47,141457,99],{"class":98},[47,141459,128],{"class":61},[47,141461,141462],{"class":65},"Py",[47,141464,128],{"class":61},[47,141466,5556],{"class":98},[47,141468,44045],{"class":3857},[47,141470,141471,141473,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489,141491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,141472,95],{"class":94},[47,141474,99],{"class":98},[47,141476,103],{"class":102},[47,141478,445],{"class":98},[47,141480,141351],{"class":102},[47,141482,99],{"class":98},[47,141484,128],{"class":61},[47,141486,128721],{"class":65},[47,141488,128],{"class":61},[47,141490,5556],{"class":98},[47,141492,44062],{"class":3857},[33,141494,290],{"id":289},[20,141496,42574],{},[38,141498,141500],{"className":40,"code":141499,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141501,141502],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141503,141504,141506,141508,141510,141512,141515],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141505,61359],{"class":53},[47,141507,445],{"class":98},[47,141509,141351],{"class":102},[47,141511,99],{"class":98},[47,141513,141514],{"class":102},"prefix",[47,141516,106],{"class":98},[20,141518,30962],{},[38,141520,141522],{"className":40,"code":141521,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141523,141524,141542],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141525,141526,141528,141530,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141527,61359],{"class":53},[47,141529,445],{"class":98},[47,141531,141351],{"class":102},[47,141533,99],{"class":98},[47,141535,141514],{"class":102},[47,141537,136],{"class":98},[47,141539,36245],{"class":102},[47,141541,106],{"class":98},[47,141543,141544,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558,141560,141562],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141545,61359],{"class":53},[47,141547,445],{"class":98},[47,141549,141351],{"class":102},[47,141551,99],{"class":98},[47,141553,141514],{"class":102},[47,141555,136],{"class":98},[47,141557,36245],{"class":102},[47,141559,136],{"class":98},[47,141561,1146],{"class":102},[47,141563,106],{"class":98},[20,141565,20968,141566,141568],{},[15,141567,141514],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141570,204],{},[38,141572,141574],{"className":40,"code":141573,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141575,141576,141588,141592,141617,141641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141577,141578,141580,141582,141584,141586],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141579,34884],{"class":53},[47,141581,58],{"class":57},[47,141583,62],{"class":61},[47,141585,60591],{"class":65},[47,141587,69],{"class":61},[47,141589,141590],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141591,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,141593,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,141595,95],{"class":94},[47,141597,99],{"class":98},[47,141599,192],{"class":102},[47,141601,445],{"class":98},[47,141603,141351],{"class":102},[47,141605,99],{"class":98},[47,141607,128],{"class":61},[47,141609,4038],{"class":65},[47,141611,128],{"class":61},[47,141613,5556],{"class":98},[47,141615,141616],{"class":3857},"      # True\n",[47,141618,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,141620,95],{"class":94},[47,141622,99],{"class":98},[47,141624,192],{"class":102},[47,141626,445],{"class":98},[47,141628,141351],{"class":102},[47,141630,99],{"class":98},[47,141632,128],{"class":61},[47,141634,60776],{"class":65},[47,141636,128],{"class":61},[47,141638,5556],{"class":98},[47,141640,21398],{"class":3857},[47,141642,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,141644,95],{"class":94},[47,141646,99],{"class":98},[47,141648,192],{"class":102},[47,141650,445],{"class":98},[47,141652,141351],{"class":102},[47,141654,99],{"class":98},[47,141656,128],{"class":61},[47,141658,60776],{"class":65},[47,141660,128],{"class":61},[47,141662,136],{"class":98},[47,141664,398],{"class":80},[47,141666,5556],{"class":98},[47,141668,44045],{"class":3857},[20,141670,141671,141672,445],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[594,141673,125030],{"href":596},[33,141675,141677],{"id":141676},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141679,141680,141682],{},[15,141681,127643],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[447,141684,141685],{"id":141514},[15,141686,141514],{},[20,141688,141689],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[38,141691,141693],{"className":40,"code":141692,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141694,141695,141707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141696,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141698,34884],{"class":53},[47,141700,58],{"class":57},[47,141702,62],{"class":61},[47,141704,4281],{"class":65},[47,141706,69],{"class":61},[47,141708,141709,141711,141713,141715,141717,141719,141721,141723,141726,141728,141730],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141710,95],{"class":94},[47,141712,99],{"class":98},[47,141714,192],{"class":102},[47,141716,445],{"class":98},[47,141718,141351],{"class":102},[47,141720,99],{"class":98},[47,141722,128],{"class":61},[47,141724,141725],{"class":65},"ban",[47,141727,128],{"class":61},[47,141729,5556],{"class":98},[47,141731,3858],{"class":3857},[447,141733,141734],{"id":36266},[15,141735,36266],{},[20,141737,141738],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[38,141740,141742],{"className":40,"code":141741,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141743,141744,141756],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141745,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141747,34884],{"class":53},[47,141749,58],{"class":57},[47,141751,62],{"class":61},[47,141753,60591],{"class":65},[47,141755,69],{"class":61},[47,141757,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141759,95],{"class":94},[47,141761,99],{"class":98},[47,141763,192],{"class":102},[47,141765,445],{"class":98},[47,141767,141351],{"class":102},[47,141769,99],{"class":98},[47,141771,128],{"class":61},[47,141773,60776],{"class":65},[47,141775,128],{"class":61},[47,141777,136],{"class":98},[47,141779,398],{"class":80},[47,141781,5556],{"class":98},[47,141783,3858],{"class":3857},[447,141785,141786],{"id":820},[15,141787,820],{},[20,141789,141790],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[38,141792,141794],{"className":40,"code":141793,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141795,141796,141808],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141797,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141799,34884],{"class":53},[47,141801,58],{"class":57},[47,141803,62],{"class":61},[47,141805,60591],{"class":65},[47,141807,69],{"class":61},[47,141809,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141811,95],{"class":94},[47,141813,99],{"class":98},[47,141815,192],{"class":102},[47,141817,445],{"class":98},[47,141819,141351],{"class":102},[47,141821,99],{"class":98},[47,141823,128],{"class":61},[47,141825,141826],{"class":65},"wor",[47,141828,128],{"class":61},[47,141830,136],{"class":98},[47,141832,398],{"class":80},[47,141834,136],{"class":98},[47,141836,54320],{"class":80},[47,141838,5556],{"class":98},[47,141840,3858],{"class":3857},[447,141842,141844],{"id":141843},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141846,141847,141849],{},[15,141848,141514],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[38,141851,141853],{"className":40,"code":141852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141854,141855,141868],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141856,141857,141859,141861,141863,141866],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141858,126358],{"class":53},[47,141860,58],{"class":57},[47,141862,62],{"class":61},[47,141864,141865],{"class":65},"img_001.png",[47,141867,69],{"class":61},[47,141869,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882,141884,141887,141889,141891,141893,141896,141898,141900],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141871,95],{"class":94},[47,141873,99],{"class":98},[47,141875,126376],{"class":102},[47,141877,445],{"class":98},[47,141879,141351],{"class":102},[47,141881,5705],{"class":98},[47,141883,128],{"class":61},[47,141885,141886],{"class":65},"img_",[47,141888,128],{"class":61},[47,141890,136],{"class":98},[47,141892,62],{"class":61},[47,141894,141895],{"class":65},"photo_",[47,141897,128],{"class":61},[47,141899,51276],{"class":98},[47,141901,3858],{"class":3857},[33,141903,17615],{"id":17614},[20,141905,141906,141908],{},[15,141907,127643],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[187,141910,141911,141916],{},[190,141912,141913,141915],{},[15,141914,3795],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[190,141917,141918,126960],{},[15,141919,3868],{},[20,141921,141922,141923,7367],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141924,7192],{},[38,141926,141928],{"className":40,"code":141927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141929,141930,141944,141948,141969,141984,141990],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,141931,141932,141935,141937,141939,141942],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,141933,141934],{"class":53},"command ",[47,141936,58],{"class":57},[47,141938,62],{"class":61},[47,141940,141941],{"class":65},"\u002Fhelp",[47,141943,69],{"class":61},[47,141945,141946],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,141947,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,141949,141950,141952,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,141951,7192],{"class":1461},[47,141953,141954],{"class":53}," command",[47,141956,445],{"class":98},[47,141958,141351],{"class":102},[47,141960,99],{"class":98},[47,141962,128],{"class":61},[47,141964,127167],{"class":65},[47,141966,128],{"class":61},[47,141968,1483],{"class":98},[47,141970,141971,141973,141975,141977,141980,141982],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,141972,1499],{"class":94},[47,141974,99],{"class":98},[47,141976,128],{"class":61},[47,141978,141979],{"class":65},"This looks like a command.",[47,141981,128],{"class":61},[47,141983,106],{"class":98},[47,141985,141986,141988],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,141987,27633],{"class":1461},[47,141989,6586],{"class":98},[47,141991,141992,141994,141996,141998,142001,142003],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,141993,1499],{"class":94},[47,141995,99],{"class":98},[47,141997,128],{"class":61},[47,141999,142000],{"class":65},"This is normal text.",[47,142002,128],{"class":61},[47,142004,106],{"class":98},[20,142006,144],{},[38,142008,142010],{"className":40,"code":142009,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142011,142012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142013,142014,142017],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142015,142016],{"class":53},"This looks like a command",[47,142018,122307],{"class":98},[33,142020,1654,142022,8898,142024,839,142026],{"id":142021},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142023,127643],{},[15,142025,36266],{},[15,142027,820],{},[20,142029,850,142030,839,142032,142034],{},[15,142031,36266],{},[15,142033,820],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[187,142036,142037,142042,142047],{},[190,142038,142039,142041],{},[15,142040,36266],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[190,142043,142044,142046],{},[15,142045,820],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[190,142048,142049],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142051,204],{},[38,142053,142055],{"className":40,"code":142054,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142056,142057,142069,142073,142102,142135],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142058,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142060,34884],{"class":53},[47,142062,58],{"class":57},[47,142064,62],{"class":61},[47,142066,139554],{"class":65},[47,142068,69],{"class":61},[47,142070,142071],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142072,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142074,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142091,142093,142095,142097,142099],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142076,95],{"class":94},[47,142078,99],{"class":98},[47,142080,192],{"class":102},[47,142082,445],{"class":98},[47,142084,141351],{"class":102},[47,142086,99],{"class":98},[47,142088,128],{"class":61},[47,142090,79455],{"class":65},[47,142092,128],{"class":61},[47,142094,136],{"class":98},[47,142096,393],{"class":80},[47,142098,5556],{"class":98},[47,142100,142101],{"class":3857},"        # True\n",[47,142103,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142131,142133],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,142105,95],{"class":94},[47,142107,99],{"class":98},[47,142109,192],{"class":102},[47,142111,445],{"class":98},[47,142113,141351],{"class":102},[47,142115,99],{"class":98},[47,142117,128],{"class":61},[47,142119,134161],{"class":65},[47,142121,128],{"class":61},[47,142123,136],{"class":98},[47,142125,6553],{"class":80},[47,142127,136],{"class":98},[47,142129,142130],{"class":80}," 13",[47,142132,5556],{"class":98},[47,142134,3858],{"class":3857},[47,142136,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,142138,95],{"class":94},[47,142140,99],{"class":98},[47,142142,192],{"class":102},[47,142144,445],{"class":98},[47,142146,141351],{"class":102},[47,142148,99],{"class":98},[47,142150,128],{"class":61},[47,142152,134161],{"class":65},[47,142154,128],{"class":61},[47,142156,136],{"class":98},[47,142158,6553],{"class":80},[47,142160,136],{"class":98},[47,142162,31141],{"class":80},[47,142164,5556],{"class":98},[47,142166,4968],{"class":3857},[20,142168,142169,142170,142172],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142171,820],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[33,142174,142176],{"id":142175},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142178,142179],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142181,142182,142183,49534],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142184,41027],{},[38,142186,142188],{"className":40,"code":142187,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142189,142190,142204,142218,142232,142236,142260,142264,142285,142306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142191,142192,142195,142197,142199,142202],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142193,142194],{"class":53},"filename1 ",[47,142196,58],{"class":57},[47,142198,62],{"class":61},[47,142200,142201],{"class":65},"img_101.jpg",[47,142203,69],{"class":61},[47,142205,142206,142209,142211,142213,142216],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142207,142208],{"class":53},"filename2 ",[47,142210,58],{"class":57},[47,142212,62],{"class":61},[47,142214,142215],{"class":65},"photo_202.jpg",[47,142217,69],{"class":61},[47,142219,142220,142223,142225,142227,142230],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142221,142222],{"class":53},"filename3 ",[47,142224,58],{"class":57},[47,142226,62],{"class":61},[47,142228,142229],{"class":65},"doc_303.jpg",[47,142231,69],{"class":61},[47,142233,142234],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,142235,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142237,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,142239,127570],{"class":53},[47,142241,58],{"class":57},[47,142243,9428],{"class":98},[47,142245,128],{"class":61},[47,142247,141886],{"class":65},[47,142249,128],{"class":61},[47,142251,136],{"class":98},[47,142253,62],{"class":61},[47,142255,141895],{"class":65},[47,142257,128],{"class":61},[47,142259,106],{"class":98},[47,142261,142262],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,142263,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142265,142266,142268,142270,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,142267,95],{"class":94},[47,142269,99],{"class":98},[47,142271,142272],{"class":102},"filename1",[47,142274,445],{"class":98},[47,142276,141351],{"class":102},[47,142278,99],{"class":98},[47,142280,127622],{"class":102},[47,142282,5556],{"class":98},[47,142284,3858],{"class":3857},[47,142286,142287,142289,142291,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,142288,95],{"class":94},[47,142290,99],{"class":98},[47,142292,142293],{"class":102},"filename2",[47,142295,445],{"class":98},[47,142297,141351],{"class":102},[47,142299,99],{"class":98},[47,142301,127622],{"class":102},[47,142303,5556],{"class":98},[47,142305,3858],{"class":3857},[47,142307,142308,142310,142312,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,142309,95],{"class":94},[47,142311,99],{"class":98},[47,142313,142314],{"class":102},"filename3",[47,142316,445],{"class":98},[47,142318,141351],{"class":102},[47,142320,99],{"class":98},[47,142322,127622],{"class":102},[47,142324,5556],{"class":98},[47,142326,4968],{"class":3857},[20,142328,142329],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142331,74956,142332,142336],{},[594,142333,126275,142334,10934],{"href":129869},[15,142335,126333],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[33,142338,123922],{"id":123921},[20,142340,142341,123733],{},[15,142342,127643],{},[20,142344,127320,142345,839,142348,127327],{},[15,142346,142347],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142349,142350],{},"\"python\"",[38,142352,142354],{"className":40,"code":142353,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142355,142356,142368,142372,142396],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142357,142358,142360,142362,142364,142366],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142359,34884],{"class":53},[47,142361,58],{"class":57},[47,142363,62],{"class":61},[47,142365,7492],{"class":65},[47,142367,69],{"class":61},[47,142369,142370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142371,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142373,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142375,95],{"class":94},[47,142377,99],{"class":98},[47,142379,192],{"class":102},[47,142381,445],{"class":98},[47,142383,141351],{"class":102},[47,142385,99],{"class":98},[47,142387,128],{"class":61},[47,142389,141462],{"class":65},[47,142391,128],{"class":61},[47,142393,5556],{"class":98},[47,142395,3858],{"class":3857},[47,142397,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412,142414,142416,142418],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,142399,95],{"class":94},[47,142401,99],{"class":98},[47,142403,192],{"class":102},[47,142405,445],{"class":98},[47,142407,141351],{"class":102},[47,142409,99],{"class":98},[47,142411,128],{"class":61},[47,142413,128721],{"class":65},[47,142415,128],{"class":61},[47,142417,5556],{"class":98},[47,142419,4968],{"class":3857},[20,142421,127412,142422,445],{},[594,142423,142424],{"href":124002},[15,142425,124005],{},[38,142427,142429],{"className":40,"code":142428,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142430,142431,142443,142447],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142432,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142434,34884],{"class":53},[47,142436,58],{"class":57},[47,142438,62],{"class":61},[47,142440,7492],{"class":65},[47,142442,69],{"class":61},[47,142444,142445],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142446,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142448,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142450,95],{"class":94},[47,142452,99],{"class":98},[47,142454,192],{"class":102},[47,142456,445],{"class":98},[47,142458,8833],{"class":102},[47,142460,8830],{"class":98},[47,142462,141351],{"class":102},[47,142464,99],{"class":98},[47,142466,128],{"class":61},[47,142468,128721],{"class":65},[47,142470,128],{"class":61},[47,142472,5556],{"class":98},[47,142474,3858],{"class":3857},[33,142476,5158,142478],{"id":142477},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142479,127643],{},[20,142481,142482,142484],{},[15,142483,127643],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142486,9565],{},[187,142488,142489,142492,142495,142504],{},[190,142490,142491],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[190,142493,142494],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[190,142496,142497,142498,3072,142501],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142499,142500],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142502,142503],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[190,142505,142506],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142508,204],{},[38,142510,142512],{"className":40,"code":142511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142513,142514,142527,142531,142560],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142515,142516,142518,142520,142522,142525],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142517,127138],{"class":53},[47,142519,58],{"class":57},[47,142521,62],{"class":61},[47,142523,142524],{"class":65},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[47,142526,69],{"class":61},[47,142528,142529],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142530,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142532,142533,142535,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142534,7192],{"class":1461},[47,142536,142537],{"class":53}," url",[47,142539,445],{"class":98},[47,142541,141351],{"class":102},[47,142543,5705],{"class":98},[47,142545,128],{"class":61},[47,142547,142500],{"class":65},[47,142549,128],{"class":61},[47,142551,136],{"class":98},[47,142553,62],{"class":61},[47,142555,142503],{"class":65},[47,142557,128],{"class":61},[47,142559,69748],{"class":98},[47,142561,142562,142564,142566,142568,142571,142573],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,142563,1499],{"class":94},[47,142565,99],{"class":98},[47,142567,128],{"class":61},[47,142569,142570],{"class":65},"This looks like a web URL.",[47,142572,128],{"class":61},[47,142574,106],{"class":98},[33,142576,1595],{"id":1594},[20,142578,23292,142579,445],{},[15,142580,127643],{},[447,142582,138715],{"id":142583},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142585,142586,123733],{},[15,142587,127643],{},[38,142589,142591],{"className":40,"code":142590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142592,142593,142605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142594,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142596,34884],{"class":53},[47,142598,58],{"class":57},[47,142600,62],{"class":61},[47,142602,7492],{"class":65},[47,142604,69],{"class":61},[47,142606,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142608,95],{"class":94},[47,142610,99],{"class":98},[47,142612,192],{"class":102},[47,142614,445],{"class":98},[47,142616,141351],{"class":102},[47,142618,99],{"class":98},[47,142620,128],{"class":61},[47,142622,42],{"class":65},[47,142624,128],{"class":61},[47,142626,5556],{"class":98},[47,142628,4968],{"class":3857},[20,142630,39453],{},[38,142632,142634],{"className":40,"code":142633,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142635,142636],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142637,142638,142640,142642,142644,142646,142648,142650,142652,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142639,95],{"class":94},[47,142641,99],{"class":98},[47,142643,192],{"class":102},[47,142645,445],{"class":98},[47,142647,8833],{"class":102},[47,142649,8830],{"class":98},[47,142651,141351],{"class":102},[47,142653,99],{"class":98},[47,142655,128],{"class":61},[47,142657,42],{"class":65},[47,142659,128],{"class":61},[47,142661,5556],{"class":98},[47,142663,3858],{"class":3857},[447,142665,29848,142667,137197],{"id":142666},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142668,127643],{},[20,142670,142671],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[38,142673,142675],{"className":40,"code":142674,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142676,142677,142685,142689,142694],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142678,142679,142681,142683],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142680,2644],{"class":53},[47,142682,58],{"class":57},[47,142684,124957],{"class":80},[47,142686,142687],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142688,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142690,142691],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142692,142693],{"class":3857},"# This will cause an error:\n",[47,142695,142696],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,142697,142698],{"class":3857},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142700,39453],{},[38,142702,142704],{"className":40,"code":142703,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142705,142706,142720],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142707,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716,142718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142709,2644],{"class":53},[47,142711,58],{"class":57},[47,142713,1789],{"class":1788},[47,142715,99],{"class":98},[47,142717,50432],{"class":80},[47,142719,106],{"class":98},[47,142721,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142723,95],{"class":94},[47,142725,99],{"class":98},[47,142727,2668],{"class":102},[47,142729,445],{"class":98},[47,142731,141351],{"class":102},[47,142733,99],{"class":98},[47,142735,128],{"class":61},[47,142737,1476],{"class":65},[47,142739,128],{"class":61},[47,142741,5556],{"class":98},[47,142743,3858],{"class":3857},[447,142745,37396,142747,8898,142749],{"id":142746},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142748,127643],{},[15,142750,1468],{},[20,142752,142753,142755],{},[15,142754,127643],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142757,142758,142759,142761,142762,445],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142760,1468],{}," or methods like ",[594,142763,142764],{"href":124285},[15,142765,124270],{},[38,142767,142769],{"className":40,"code":142768,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142770,142771,142783,142787,142811],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142772,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142774,34884],{"class":53},[47,142776,58],{"class":57},[47,142778,62],{"class":61},[47,142780,60591],{"class":65},[47,142782,69],{"class":61},[47,142784,142785],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142786,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142788,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142790,95],{"class":94},[47,142792,99],{"class":98},[47,142794,192],{"class":102},[47,142796,445],{"class":98},[47,142798,141351],{"class":102},[47,142800,99],{"class":98},[47,142802,128],{"class":61},[47,142804,60776],{"class":65},[47,142806,128],{"class":61},[47,142808,5556],{"class":98},[47,142810,4968],{"class":3857},[47,142812,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,142814,95],{"class":94},[47,142816,99],{"class":98},[47,142818,128],{"class":61},[47,142820,60776],{"class":65},[47,142822,128],{"class":61},[47,142824,21371],{"class":1461},[47,142826,43031],{"class":102},[47,142828,3854],{"class":98},[47,142830,142831],{"class":3857},"           # True\n",[20,142833,135749,142834,445],{},[594,142835,127311],{"href":123530},[447,142837,4900,142839,839,142841,142843],{"id":142838},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142840,36266],{},[15,142842,820],{}," use index positions",[20,142845,142846,142847,445],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142848,2321],{},[38,142850,142852],{"className":40,"code":142851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142853,142854,142867,142871],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142855,142856,142858,142860,142862,142865],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142857,34884],{"class":53},[47,142859,58],{"class":57},[47,142861,62],{"class":61},[47,142863,142864],{"class":65},"abcdef",[47,142866,69],{"class":61},[47,142868,142869],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142870,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,142872,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881,142883,142885,142887,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,142874,95],{"class":94},[47,142876,99],{"class":98},[47,142878,192],{"class":102},[47,142880,445],{"class":98},[47,142882,141351],{"class":102},[47,142884,99],{"class":98},[47,142886,128],{"class":61},[47,142888,142889],{"class":65},"cd",[47,142891,128],{"class":61},[47,142893,136],{"class":98},[47,142895,1562],{"class":80},[47,142897,5556],{"class":98},[47,142899,3858],{"class":3857},[447,142901,142903],{"id":142902},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142905,142906],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142908,16839],{},[38,142910,142912],{"className":40,"code":142911,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142913,142914],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142915,142916],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142917,142911],{"class":3857},[20,142919,16851],{},[38,142921,142923],{"className":40,"code":142922,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142924,142925,142937],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142926,142927,142929,142931,142933,142935],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142928,34884],{"class":53},[47,142930,58],{"class":57},[47,142932,62],{"class":61},[47,142934,7492],{"class":65},[47,142936,69],{"class":61},[47,142938,142939,142941,142943,142945,142947,142949,142951,142953,142955,142957,142959,142961,142964,142966,142968],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142940,95],{"class":94},[47,142942,99],{"class":98},[47,142944,192],{"class":102},[47,142946,445],{"class":98},[47,142948,141351],{"class":102},[47,142950,5705],{"class":98},[47,142952,128],{"class":61},[47,142954,141462],{"class":65},[47,142956,128],{"class":61},[47,142958,136],{"class":98},[47,142960,62],{"class":61},[47,142962,142963],{"class":65},"Ja",[47,142965,128],{"class":61},[47,142967,51276],{"class":98},[47,142969,3858],{"class":3857},[20,142971,32281],{},[38,142973,142975],{"className":40,"code":142974,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142976,142977,142987,143001,143023,143049],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,142978,142979,142981,142983,142985],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,142980,95],{"class":94},[47,142982,99],{"class":98},[47,142984,192],{"class":102},[47,142986,106],{"class":98},[47,142988,142989,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,142990,95],{"class":94},[47,142992,99],{"class":98},[47,142994,1922],{"class":1788},[47,142996,99],{"class":98},[47,142998,192],{"class":102},[47,143000,1796],{"class":98},[47,143002,143003,143005,143007,143009,143011,143013,143015,143017,143019,143021],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,143004,95],{"class":94},[47,143006,99],{"class":98},[47,143008,192],{"class":102},[47,143010,445],{"class":98},[47,143012,141351],{"class":102},[47,143014,99],{"class":98},[47,143016,128],{"class":61},[47,143018,141462],{"class":65},[47,143020,128],{"class":61},[47,143022,1796],{"class":98},[47,143024,143025,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037,143039,143041,143043,143045,143047],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,143026,95],{"class":94},[47,143028,99],{"class":98},[47,143030,192],{"class":102},[47,143032,445],{"class":98},[47,143034,8833],{"class":102},[47,143036,8830],{"class":98},[47,143038,141351],{"class":102},[47,143040,99],{"class":98},[47,143042,128],{"class":61},[47,143044,128721],{"class":65},[47,143046,128],{"class":61},[47,143048,1796],{"class":98},[47,143050,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059,143061,143063,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075,143077],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,143052,95],{"class":94},[47,143054,99],{"class":98},[47,143056,192],{"class":102},[47,143058,445],{"class":98},[47,143060,141351],{"class":102},[47,143062,5705],{"class":98},[47,143064,128],{"class":61},[47,143066,141462],{"class":65},[47,143068,128],{"class":61},[47,143070,136],{"class":98},[47,143072,62],{"class":61},[47,143074,142963],{"class":65},[47,143076,128],{"class":61},[47,143078,3106],{"class":98},[33,143080,1969],{"id":1968},[447,143082,1973,143084,128121],{"id":143083},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143085,127643],{},[20,143087,143088,143089,3072,143091,445],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143090,3795],{},[15,143092,3868],{},[447,143094,1989,143096,143098],{"id":143095},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143097,127643],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143100,143101],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[38,143103,143105],{"className":40,"code":143104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143106,143107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143108,143109,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123,143125,143127,143129,143131],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143110,192],{"class":53},[47,143112,445],{"class":98},[47,143114,141351],{"class":102},[47,143116,5705],{"class":98},[47,143118,128],{"class":61},[47,143120,594],{"class":65},[47,143122,128],{"class":61},[47,143124,136],{"class":98},[47,143126,62],{"class":61},[47,143128,4957],{"class":65},[47,143130,128],{"class":61},[47,143132,1796],{"class":98},[447,143134,15097,143136,124611],{"id":143135},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143137,127643],{},[20,143139,129804],{},[447,143141,2055,143143,839,143145,2009],{"id":143142},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143144,127643],{},[15,143146,1468],{},[20,143148,143149,143151,143152,143154],{},[15,143150,127643],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143153,1468],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[447,143156,28528,143158,839,143160,8898,143162,2009],{"id":143157},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143159,36266],{},[15,143161,820],{},[15,143163,127643],{},[20,143165,143166],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[33,143168,2075],{"id":2074},[187,143170,143171,143177,143183,143189,143193],{},[190,143172,143173],{},[594,143174,126275,143175,10934],{"href":129869},[15,143176,126333],{},[190,143178,143179],{},[594,143180,126275,143181,10934],{"href":124285},[15,143182,124270],{},[190,143184,143185],{},[594,143186,126275,143187,10934],{"href":124002},[15,143188,124005],{},[190,143190,143191],{},[594,143192,124674],{"href":123530},[190,143194,143195],{},[594,143196,125030],{"href":596},[2110,143198,143199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":143201},[143202,143204,143205,143211,143212,143214,143215,143216,143218,143228,143240],{"id":141397,"depth":72,"text":143203},"What startswith() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":141676,"depth":72,"text":141677,"children":143206},[143207,143208,143209,143210],{"id":141514,"depth":84,"text":141514},{"id":36266,"depth":84,"text":36266},{"id":820,"depth":84,"text":820},{"id":141843,"depth":84,"text":141844},{"id":17614,"depth":72,"text":17615},{"id":142021,"depth":72,"text":143213},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142175,"depth":72,"text":142176},{"id":123921,"depth":72,"text":123922},{"id":142477,"depth":72,"text":143217},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":143219},[143220,143221,143223,143225,143227],{"id":142583,"depth":84,"text":138715},{"id":142666,"depth":84,"text":143222},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142746,"depth":84,"text":143224},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142838,"depth":84,"text":143226},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142902,"depth":84,"text":142903},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":143229},[143230,143232,143234,143236,143238],{"id":143083,"depth":84,"text":143231},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143095,"depth":84,"text":143233},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143135,"depth":84,"text":143235},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143142,"depth":84,"text":143237},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143157,"depth":84,"text":143239},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141297,"description":143241},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143248,"title":143249,"body":143250,"description":144704,"extension":2167,"meta":144705,"navigation":87,"path":144706,"seo":144707,"stem":144708,"__hash__":144709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143251,"toc":144674},[143252,143257,143262,143265,143267,143311,143313,143321,143326,143331,143336,143338,143356,143358,143404,143406,143420,143429,143433,143435,143437,143449,143454,143457,143489,143491,143500,143505,143508,143549,143551,143559,143561,143574,143580,143584,143587,143603,143605,143654,143656,143665,143668,143727,143729,143738,143745,143748,143801,143803,143827,143834,143840,143844,143850,143853,143864,143866,143906,143908,143916,143918,143958,143960,143969,143971,143989,143992,143999,144010,144013,144030,144032,144109,144111,144142,144145,144147,144150,144176,144178,144218,144220,144229,144239,144247,144255,144260,144265,144267,144281,144283,144334,144336,144345,144355,144357,144359,144381,144384,144463,144465,144501,144504,144579,144584,144586,144592,144597,144602,144605,144611,144614,144621,144629,144633,144641,144643,144671],[10,143253,123275,143255,11516],{"id":143254},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143256,41843],{},[20,143258,22,143259,143261],{},[15,143260,41843],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143263,143264],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[33,143266,3800],{"id":3799},[38,143268,143270],{"className":40,"code":143269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143271,143272,143285,143300],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143273,143274,143276,143278,143280,143283],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143275,34884],{"class":53},[47,143277,58],{"class":57},[47,143279,62],{"class":61},[47,143281,143282],{"class":65},"  hello  ",[47,143284,69],{"class":61},[47,143286,143287,143290,143292,143294,143296,143298],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143288,143289],{"class":53},"clean_text ",[47,143291,58],{"class":57},[47,143293,43031],{"class":53},[47,143295,445],{"class":98},[47,143297,8827],{"class":102},[47,143299,8836],{"class":98},[47,143301,143302,143304,143306,143309],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,143303,95],{"class":94},[47,143305,99],{"class":98},[47,143307,143308],{"class":102},"clean_text",[47,143310,106],{"class":98},[20,143312,144],{},[38,143314,143315],{"className":40,"code":138590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143316,143317],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143318,143319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143320,138590],{"class":53},[20,143322,167,143323,143325],{},[15,143324,41843],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[33,143327,174,143329,177],{"id":143328},"what-strip-does",[15,143330,41843],{},[20,143332,143333,143335],{},[15,143334,41843],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143337,13247],{},[187,143339,143340,143344,143347,143350,143353],{},[190,143341,143342,131625],{},[15,143343,41843],{},[190,143345,143346],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[190,143348,143349],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[190,143351,143352],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[190,143354,143355],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143357,204],{},[38,143359,143361],{"className":40,"code":143360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143362,143363,143376,143380,143394],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143364,143365,143367,143369,143371,143374],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143366,34884],{"class":53},[47,143368,58],{"class":57},[47,143370,62],{"class":61},[47,143372,143373],{"class":65},"  hello world  ",[47,143375,69],{"class":61},[47,143377,143378],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143379,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,143381,143382,143384,143386,143388,143390,143392],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,143383,95],{"class":94},[47,143385,99],{"class":98},[47,143387,192],{"class":102},[47,143389,445],{"class":98},[47,143391,8827],{"class":102},[47,143393,7389],{"class":98},[47,143395,143396,143398,143400,143402],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,143397,95],{"class":94},[47,143399,99],{"class":98},[47,143401,192],{"class":102},[47,143403,106],{"class":98},[20,143405,144],{},[38,143407,143409],{"className":40,"code":143408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143410,143411,143415],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143412,143413],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143414,134291],{"class":53},[47,143416,143417],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143418,143419],{"class":53},"  hello world\n",[20,143421,143422,143423,143425,143426,143428],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143424,41843],{},", but the original ",[15,143427,192],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143430,125027,143431,445],{},[594,143432,125030],{"href":596},[33,143434,290],{"id":289},[20,143436,26686],{},[187,143438,143439,143444],{},[190,143440,143441],{},[15,143442,143443],{},"string.strip()",[190,143445,143446],{},[15,143447,143448],{},"string.strip(chars)",[447,143450,143452],{"id":143451},"stringstrip",[15,143453,143443],{},[20,143455,143456],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[38,143458,143460],{"className":40,"code":143459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143461,143462,143475],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143463,143464,143466,143468,143470,143473],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143465,54],{"class":53},[47,143467,58],{"class":57},[47,143469,62],{"class":61},[47,143471,143472],{"class":65},"  Alice  ",[47,143474,69],{"class":61},[47,143476,143477,143479,143481,143483,143485,143487],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143478,95],{"class":94},[47,143480,99],{"class":98},[47,143482,103],{"class":102},[47,143484,445],{"class":98},[47,143486,8827],{"class":102},[47,143488,7389],{"class":98},[20,143490,144],{},[38,143492,143494],{"className":40,"code":143493,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Alice\n",[15,143495,143496],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143497,143498],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143499,143493],{"class":53},[447,143501,143503],{"id":143502},"stringstripchars",[15,143504,143448],{},[20,143506,143507],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[38,143509,143511],{"className":40,"code":143510,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143512,143513,143526],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143514,143515,143517,143519,143521,143524],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143516,34884],{"class":53},[47,143518,58],{"class":57},[47,143520,62],{"class":61},[47,143522,143523],{"class":65},"!!hello??",[47,143525,69],{"class":61},[47,143527,143528,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538,143540,143542,143545,143547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143529,95],{"class":94},[47,143531,99],{"class":98},[47,143533,192],{"class":102},[47,143535,445],{"class":98},[47,143537,8827],{"class":102},[47,143539,99],{"class":98},[47,143541,128],{"class":61},[47,143543,143544],{"class":65},"!?",[47,143546,128],{"class":61},[47,143548,1796],{"class":98},[20,143550,144],{},[38,143552,143553],{"className":40,"code":138590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143554,143555],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143556,143557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143558,138590],{"class":53},[20,143560,84003],{},[187,143562,143563,143568],{},[190,143564,143565,143567],{},[15,143566,134534],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[190,143569,143570,143571,143573],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143572,134534],{}," does not matter",[33,143575,143577,143578],{"id":143576},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143579,41843],{},[20,143581,31083,143582,445],{},[15,143583,41843],{},[20,143585,143586],{},"It is useful for:",[187,143588,143589,143594,143597,143600],{},[190,143590,143591,143592,4077],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143593,1408],{},[190,143595,143596],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[190,143598,143599],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[190,143601,143602],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143604,48548],{},[38,143606,143608],{"className":40,"code":143607,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143609,143610,143623,143639,143643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143611,143612,143614,143616,143618,143621],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143613,8156],{"class":53},[47,143615,58],{"class":57},[47,143617,62],{"class":61},[47,143619,143620],{"class":65},"  sam  ",[47,143622,69],{"class":61},[47,143624,143625,143628,143630,143633,143635,143637],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143626,143627],{"class":53},"clean_username ",[47,143629,58],{"class":57},[47,143631,143632],{"class":53}," username",[47,143634,445],{"class":98},[47,143636,8827],{"class":102},[47,143638,8836],{"class":98},[47,143640,143641],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,143642,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,143644,143645,143647,143649,143652],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,143646,95],{"class":94},[47,143648,99],{"class":98},[47,143650,143651],{"class":102},"clean_username",[47,143653,106],{"class":98},[20,143655,144],{},[38,143657,143659],{"className":40,"code":143658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sam\n",[15,143660,143661],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143662,143663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143664,143658],{"class":53},[20,143666,143667],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[38,143669,143671],{"className":40,"code":143670,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143672,143673,143686,143690,143712],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143674,143675,143677,143679,143681,143684],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143676,136518],{"class":53},[47,143678,58],{"class":57},[47,143680,62],{"class":61},[47,143682,143683],{"class":65}," yes  ",[47,143685,69],{"class":61},[47,143687,143688],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143689,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,143691,143692,143694,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708,143710],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,143693,7192],{"class":1461},[47,143695,136538],{"class":53},[47,143697,445],{"class":98},[47,143699,8827],{"class":102},[47,143701,7561],{"class":98},[47,143703,6601],{"class":57},[47,143705,62],{"class":61},[47,143707,8851],{"class":65},[47,143709,128],{"class":61},[47,143711,6586],{"class":98},[47,143713,143714,143716,143718,143720,143723,143725],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,143715,1499],{"class":94},[47,143717,99],{"class":98},[47,143719,128],{"class":61},[47,143721,143722],{"class":65},"Matched",[47,143724,128],{"class":61},[47,143726,106],{"class":98},[20,143728,144],{},[38,143730,143732],{"className":40,"code":143731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Matched\n",[15,143733,143734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143735,143736],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143737,143731],{"class":53},[20,143739,143740,143741,445],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[594,143742,143744],{"href":143743},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143746,143747],{},"Example with file-style text:",[38,143749,143751],{"className":40,"code":143750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143752,143753,143769,143783],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143754,143755,143758,143760,143762,143765,143767],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143756,143757],{"class":53},"line ",[47,143759,58],{"class":57},[47,143761,62],{"class":61},[47,143763,143764],{"class":65},"Python basics",[47,143766,1214],{"class":1213},[47,143768,69],{"class":61},[47,143770,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779,143781],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143772,95],{"class":94},[47,143774,99],{"class":98},[47,143776,41969],{"class":94},[47,143778,99],{"class":98},[47,143780,49],{"class":102},[47,143782,1796],{"class":98},[47,143784,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143797,143799],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,143786,95],{"class":94},[47,143788,99],{"class":98},[47,143790,41969],{"class":94},[47,143792,99],{"class":98},[47,143794,49],{"class":102},[47,143796,445],{"class":98},[47,143798,8827],{"class":102},[47,143800,6483],{"class":98},[20,143802,144],{},[38,143804,143806],{"className":40,"code":143805,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143807,143808,143819],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143809,143810,143812,143814,143817],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143811,3493],{"class":43518},[47,143813,143764],{"class":43522},[47,143815,1214],{"class":143816},"sfi6f",[47,143818,29898],{"class":43518},[47,143820,143821,143823,143825],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143822,3493],{"class":43518},[47,143824,143764],{"class":43522},[47,143826,29898],{"class":43518},[20,143828,1654,143829,143831,143832,445],{},[15,143830,122489],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143833,1214],{},[20,143835,143836,143837,445],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[594,143838,143839],{"href":87983},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[33,143841,143843],{"id":143842},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143845,143846,143847,445],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143848,143849],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143851,143852],{},"Python will:",[187,143854,143855,143858,143861],{},[190,143856,143857],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[190,143859,143860],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[190,143862,143863],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143865,204],{},[38,143867,143869],{"className":40,"code":143868,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143870,143871,143884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143872,143873,143875,143877,143879,143882],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143874,34884],{"class":53},[47,143876,58],{"class":57},[47,143878,62],{"class":61},[47,143880,143881],{"class":65},"??hello!!",[47,143883,69],{"class":61},[47,143885,143886,143888,143890,143892,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902,143904],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143887,95],{"class":94},[47,143889,99],{"class":98},[47,143891,192],{"class":102},[47,143893,445],{"class":98},[47,143895,8827],{"class":102},[47,143897,99],{"class":98},[47,143899,128],{"class":61},[47,143901,143544],{"class":65},[47,143903,128],{"class":61},[47,143905,1796],{"class":98},[20,143907,144],{},[38,143909,143910],{"className":40,"code":138590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,143911,143912],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143913,143914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143915,138590],{"class":53},[20,143917,52265],{},[38,143919,143921],{"className":40,"code":143920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143922,143923,143936],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143924,143925,143927,143929,143931,143934],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143926,34884],{"class":53},[47,143928,58],{"class":57},[47,143930,62],{"class":61},[47,143932,143933],{"class":65},"abcHelloCba",[47,143935,69],{"class":61},[47,143937,143938,143940,143942,143944,143946,143948,143950,143952,143954,143956],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,143939,95],{"class":94},[47,143941,99],{"class":98},[47,143943,192],{"class":102},[47,143945,445],{"class":98},[47,143947,8827],{"class":102},[47,143949,99],{"class":98},[47,143951,128],{"class":61},[47,143953,41750],{"class":65},[47,143955,128],{"class":61},[47,143957,1796],{"class":98},[20,143959,144],{},[38,143961,143963],{"className":40,"code":143962,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HelloC\n",[15,143964,143965],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,143966,143967],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,143968,143962],{"class":53},[20,143970,6429],{},[20,143972,143973,14248,143976,143978,143979,143981,143982,2390,143984,2394,143986,143988],{},[15,143974,143975],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[280,143977,4826],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143980,41750],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143983,594],{},[15,143985,4957],{},[15,143987,9931],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143990,143991],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143993,143994,143995,6825],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[594,143996,143997],{"href":129856},[15,143998,124446],{},[33,144000,144002,10778,144004,10778,144007],{"id":144001},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144003,41843],{},[15,144005,144006],{},"lstrip()",[15,144008,144009],{},"rstrip()",[20,144011,144012],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[187,144014,144015,144020,144025],{},[190,144016,144017,144019],{},[15,144018,41843],{}," removes from both ends",[190,144021,144022,144024],{},[15,144023,144006],{}," removes from the left side only",[190,144026,144027,144029],{},[15,144028,144009],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144031,204],{},[38,144033,144035],{"className":40,"code":144034,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144036,144037,144049,144053,144071,144090],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144038,144039,144041,144043,144045,144047],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144040,34884],{"class":53},[47,144042,58],{"class":57},[47,144044,62],{"class":61},[47,144046,143282],{"class":65},[47,144048,69],{"class":61},[47,144050,144051],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144052,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,144054,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065,144067,144069],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144056,95],{"class":94},[47,144058,99],{"class":98},[47,144060,41969],{"class":94},[47,144062,99],{"class":98},[47,144064,192],{"class":102},[47,144066,445],{"class":98},[47,144068,8827],{"class":102},[47,144070,6483],{"class":98},[47,144072,144073,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085,144088],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,144074,95],{"class":94},[47,144076,99],{"class":98},[47,144078,41969],{"class":94},[47,144080,99],{"class":98},[47,144082,192],{"class":102},[47,144084,445],{"class":98},[47,144086,144087],{"class":102},"lstrip",[47,144089,6483],{"class":98},[47,144091,144092,144094,144096,144098,144100,144102,144104,144107],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144093,95],{"class":94},[47,144095,99],{"class":98},[47,144097,41969],{"class":94},[47,144099,99],{"class":98},[47,144101,192],{"class":102},[47,144103,445],{"class":98},[47,144105,144106],{"class":102},"rstrip",[47,144108,6483],{"class":98},[20,144110,144],{},[38,144112,144114],{"className":40,"code":144113,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144115,144116,144124,144133],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144117,144118,144120,144122],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144119,3493],{"class":43518},[47,144121,4038],{"class":43522},[47,144123,29898],{"class":43518},[47,144125,144126,144128,144131],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144127,3493],{"class":43518},[47,144129,144130],{"class":43522},"hello  ",[47,144132,29898],{"class":43518},[47,144134,144135,144137,144140],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144136,3493],{"class":43518},[47,144138,144139],{"class":43522},"  hello",[47,144141,29898],{"class":43518},[20,144143,144144],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[33,144146,108283],{"id":108282},[20,144148,144149],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[187,144151,144152,144160,144170,144173],{},[190,144153,144154,144156,144157,144159],{},[15,144155,143975],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144158,41719],{}," once",[190,144161,144162,144163,2390,144165,2394,144167,144169],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144164,594],{},[15,144166,4957],{},[15,144168,9931],{}," from both ends",[190,144171,144172],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[190,144174,144175],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144177,204],{},[38,144179,144181],{"className":40,"code":144180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144182,144183,144196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144184,144185,144187,144189,144191,144194],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144186,126358],{"class":53},[47,144188,58],{"class":57},[47,144190,62],{"class":61},[47,144192,144193],{"class":65},"txt_report.txt",[47,144195,69],{"class":61},[47,144197,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210,144212,144214,144216],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144199,95],{"class":94},[47,144201,99],{"class":98},[47,144203,126376],{"class":102},[47,144205,445],{"class":98},[47,144207,8827],{"class":102},[47,144209,99],{"class":98},[47,144211,128],{"class":61},[47,144213,126411],{"class":65},[47,144215,128],{"class":61},[47,144217,1796],{"class":98},[20,144219,144],{},[38,144221,144223],{"className":40,"code":144222,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"_report\n",[15,144224,144225],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144226,144227],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144228,144222],{"class":53},[20,144230,144231,144232,2390,144234,2394,144236,144238],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144233,445],{},[15,144235,63472],{},[15,144237,2374],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144240,53838,144241,4980,144244,144246],{},[15,144242,144243],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[280,144245,4826],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144248,144249,144250,144254],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[594,144251,144252],{"href":129856},[15,144253,124446],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[33,144256,5158,144258],{"id":144257},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144259,41843],{},[20,144261,167,144262,144264],{},[15,144263,41843],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144266,36620],{},[187,144268,144269,144273,144275,144278],{},[190,144270,143591,144271,4077],{},[15,144272,1408],{},[190,144274,143596],{},[190,144276,144277],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[190,144279,144280],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144282,204],{},[38,144284,144286],{"className":40,"code":144285,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144287,144288,144302,144306,144319],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144289,144290,144293,144295,144297,144300],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144291,144292],{"class":53},"email ",[47,144294,58],{"class":57},[47,144296,62],{"class":61},[47,144298,144299],{"class":65},"  user@example.com  ",[47,144301,69],{"class":61},[47,144303,144304],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144305,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,144307,144308,144310,144313,144315,144317],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144309,7192],{"class":1461},[47,144311,144312],{"class":53}," email",[47,144314,445],{"class":98},[47,144316,8827],{"class":102},[47,144318,21793],{"class":98},[47,144320,144321,144323,144325,144327,144330,144332],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,144322,1499],{"class":94},[47,144324,99],{"class":98},[47,144326,128],{"class":61},[47,144328,144329],{"class":65},"Email was entered",[47,144331,128],{"class":61},[47,144333,106],{"class":98},[20,144335,144],{},[38,144337,144339],{"className":40,"code":144338,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Email was entered\n",[15,144340,144341],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144342,144343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144344,144338],{"class":53},[20,144346,144347,144348,144350,144351,445],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144349,41843],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[594,144352,144353],{"href":124002},[15,144354,124005],{},[33,144356,1595],{"id":1594},[20,144358,84422],{},[187,144360,144361,144365,144370,144375],{},[190,144362,1807,144363,131495],{},[15,144364,41843],{},[190,144366,1807,144367,144369],{},[15,144368,41843],{}," to remove text from the middle",[190,144371,1654,144372,144374],{},[15,144373,144243],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[190,144376,4900,144377,144380],{},[15,144378,144379],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144382,144383],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[38,144385,144387],{"className":40,"code":144386,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144388,144389,144403,144407,144417,144431,144445],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144390,144391,144393,144395,144397,144399,144401],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144392,34884],{"class":53},[47,144394,58],{"class":57},[47,144396,62],{"class":61},[47,144398,144139],{"class":65},[47,144400,1214],{"class":1213},[47,144402,69],{"class":61},[47,144404,144405],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144406,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,144408,144409,144411,144413,144415],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144410,95],{"class":94},[47,144412,99],{"class":98},[47,144414,192],{"class":102},[47,144416,106],{"class":98},[47,144418,144419,144421,144423,144425,144427,144429],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,144420,95],{"class":94},[47,144422,99],{"class":98},[47,144424,41969],{"class":94},[47,144426,99],{"class":98},[47,144428,192],{"class":102},[47,144430,1796],{"class":98},[47,144432,144433,144435,144437,144439,144441,144443],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144434,95],{"class":94},[47,144436,99],{"class":98},[47,144438,192],{"class":102},[47,144440,445],{"class":98},[47,144442,8827],{"class":102},[47,144444,7389],{"class":98},[47,144446,144447,144449,144451,144453,144455,144457,144459,144461],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,144448,95],{"class":94},[47,144450,99],{"class":98},[47,144452,41969],{"class":94},[47,144454,99],{"class":98},[47,144456,192],{"class":102},[47,144458,445],{"class":98},[47,144460,8827],{"class":102},[47,144462,6483],{"class":98},[20,144464,144],{},[38,144466,144468],{"className":40,"code":144467,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144469,144470,144475,144479,144489,144493],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144471,144472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144473,144474],{"class":53},"  hello\n",[47,144476,144477],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144478,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,144480,144481,144483,144485,144487],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144482,3493],{"class":43518},[47,144484,144139],{"class":43522},[47,144486,1214],{"class":143816},[47,144488,29898],{"class":43518},[47,144490,144491],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,144492,138590],{"class":53},[47,144494,144495,144497,144499],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144496,3493],{"class":43518},[47,144498,4038],{"class":43522},[47,144500,29898],{"class":43518},[20,144502,144503],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[38,144505,144507],{"className":40,"code":144506,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144508,144509,144519,144533,144547,144565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144510,144511,144513,144515,144517],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144512,95],{"class":94},[47,144514,99],{"class":98},[47,144516,192],{"class":102},[47,144518,106],{"class":98},[47,144520,144521,144523,144525,144527,144529,144531],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144522,95],{"class":94},[47,144524,99],{"class":98},[47,144526,41969],{"class":94},[47,144528,99],{"class":98},[47,144530,192],{"class":102},[47,144532,1796],{"class":98},[47,144534,144535,144537,144539,144541,144543,144545],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144536,95],{"class":94},[47,144538,99],{"class":98},[47,144540,192],{"class":102},[47,144542,445],{"class":98},[47,144544,8827],{"class":102},[47,144546,7389],{"class":98},[47,144548,144549,144551,144553,144555,144557,144559,144561,144563],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,144550,95],{"class":94},[47,144552,99],{"class":98},[47,144554,41969],{"class":94},[47,144556,99],{"class":98},[47,144558,192],{"class":102},[47,144560,445],{"class":98},[47,144562,8827],{"class":102},[47,144564,6483],{"class":98},[47,144566,144567,144569,144571,144573,144575,144577],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144568,1934],{"class":94},[47,144570,99],{"class":98},[47,144572,3636],{"class":1788},[47,144574,445],{"class":98},[47,144576,8827],{"class":24948},[47,144578,106],{"class":98},[20,144580,144581,144583],{},[15,144582,122489],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[33,144585,1969],{"id":1968},[447,144587,1973,144589,144591],{"id":144588},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144590,41843],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144593,46553,144594,144596],{},[15,144595,41843],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[447,144598,1973,144600,124602],{"id":144599},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144601,41843],{},[20,144603,144604],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[447,144606,5339,144608,144610],{"id":144607},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144609,41843],{}," remove by default?",[20,144612,144613],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[447,144615,34403,144617,34406,144619,2009],{"id":144616},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144618,41843],{},[15,144620,124446],{},[20,144622,144623,144625,144626,144628],{},[15,144624,41843],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144627,124446],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[447,144630,144632],{"id":144631},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144634,128148,144635,144637,144638,144640],{},[15,144636,144006],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144639,144009],{}," for the right side.",[33,144642,2075],{"id":2074},[187,144644,144645,144651,144657,144662,144667],{},[190,144646,144647],{},[594,144648,126275,144649,10934],{"href":124002},[15,144650,124005],{},[190,144652,144653],{},[594,144654,126275,144655,10934],{"href":129856},[15,144656,124446],{},[190,144658,144659],{},[594,144660,144661],{"href":143743},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[190,144663,144664],{},[594,144665,144666],{"href":87983},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[190,144668,144669],{},[594,144670,125030],{"href":596},[2110,144672,144673],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":144675},[144676,144677,144679,144683,144685,144686,144688,144689,144691,144692,144703],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":143328,"depth":72,"text":144678},"What strip() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":144680},[144681,144682],{"id":143451,"depth":84,"text":143443},{"id":143502,"depth":84,"text":143448},{"id":143576,"depth":72,"text":144684},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143842,"depth":72,"text":143843},{"id":144001,"depth":72,"text":144687},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108282,"depth":72,"text":108283},{"id":144257,"depth":72,"text":144690},"When to use strip()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":144693},[144694,144696,144698,144700,144702],{"id":144588,"depth":84,"text":144695},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144599,"depth":84,"text":144697},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144607,"depth":84,"text":144699},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144616,"depth":84,"text":144701},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144631,"depth":84,"text":144632},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143249,"description":144704},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144711,"title":144712,"body":144713,"description":145893,"extension":2167,"meta":145894,"navigation":87,"path":145895,"seo":145896,"stem":145897,"__hash__":145898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144714,"toc":145863},[144715,144720,144725,144730,144732,144778,144786,144791,144805,144811,144813,144815,144830,144832,144842,144845,144876,144879,144902,144904,144907,144964,144966,144980,144982,144996,145002,145007,145010,145051,145053,145062,145070,145073,145118,145120,145129,145132,145136,145141,145155,145157,145189,145191,145211,145214,145219,145224,145226,145237,145240,145297,145299,145307,145316,145318,145320,145326,145328,145365,145367,145375,145377,145418,145420,145429,145434,145439,145441,145468,145475,145478,145509,145511,145520,145526,145535,145566,145568,145580,145593,145597,145602,145632,145634,145701,145703,145713,145715,145720,145723,145728,145733,145737,145743,145749,145752,145754,145812,145814,145822,145824,145860],[10,144716,123275,144718,11516],{"id":144717},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144719,128153],{},[20,144721,123280,144722,144724],{},[15,144723,128153],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144726,84799,144727,144729],{},[15,144728,128153],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[33,144731,36],{"id":35},[38,144733,144735],{"className":40,"code":144734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144736,144737,144749,144763,144773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144738,144739,144741,144743,144745,144747],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144740,34884],{"class":53},[47,144742,58],{"class":57},[47,144744,62],{"class":61},[47,144746,128994],{"class":65},[47,144748,69],{"class":61},[47,144750,144751,144753,144755,144757,144759,144761],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144752,1290],{"class":53},[47,144754,58],{"class":57},[47,144756,43031],{"class":53},[47,144758,445],{"class":98},[47,144760,34674],{"class":102},[47,144762,8836],{"class":98},[47,144764,144765,144767,144769,144771],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144766,95],{"class":94},[47,144768,99],{"class":98},[47,144770,1315],{"class":102},[47,144772,106],{"class":98},[47,144774,144775],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,144776,144777],{"class":3857},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144779,144780,144782,144783,144785],{},[15,144781,128153],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[280,144784,4826],{}," change the original string in place.",[33,144787,174,144789,177],{"id":144788},"what-upper-does",[15,144790,128153],{},[187,144792,144793,144798,144801,144803],{},[190,144794,144795,144797],{},[15,144796,128153],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[190,144799,144800],{},"It works on string values only",[190,144802,133523],{},[190,144804,136241],{},[20,144806,125027,144807,3072,144809,445],{},[594,144808,136247],{"href":136246},[594,144810,125030],{"href":596},[33,144812,290],{"id":289},[20,144814,2360],{},[38,144816,144818],{"className":40,"code":144817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"string.upper()\n",[15,144819,144820],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144821,144822,144824,144826,144828],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144823,61359],{"class":53},[47,144825,445],{"class":98},[47,144827,34674],{"class":102},[47,144829,8836],{"class":98},[20,144831,11653],{},[187,144833,144834,144836,144839],{},[190,144835,97448],{},[190,144837,144838],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[190,144840,144841],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144843,144844],{},"Example with a variable:",[38,144846,144848],{"className":40,"code":144847,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144849,144850,144862],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144851,144852,144854,144856,144858,144860],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144853,54],{"class":53},[47,144855,58],{"class":57},[47,144857,62],{"class":61},[47,144859,42],{"class":65},[47,144861,69],{"class":61},[47,144863,144864,144866,144868,144870,144872,144874],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144865,95],{"class":94},[47,144867,99],{"class":98},[47,144869,103],{"class":102},[47,144871,445],{"class":98},[47,144873,34674],{"class":102},[47,144875,7389],{"class":98},[20,144877,144878],{},"Example with a string literal:",[38,144880,144882],{"className":40,"code":144881,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144883,144884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144885,144886,144888,144890,144892,144894,144896,144898,144900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144887,95],{"class":94},[47,144889,99],{"class":98},[47,144891,128],{"class":61},[47,144893,4038],{"class":65},[47,144895,128],{"class":61},[47,144897,445],{"class":98},[47,144899,34674],{"class":102},[47,144901,7389],{"class":98},[33,144903,11670],{"id":11669},[20,144905,144906],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[38,144908,144910],{"className":40,"code":144909,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144911,144912,144924,144939,144943,144953],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144913,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144915,6348],{"class":53},[47,144917,58],{"class":57},[47,144919,62],{"class":61},[47,144921,4281],{"class":65},[47,144923,69],{"class":61},[47,144925,144926,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144927,144928],{"class":53},"uppercase_word ",[47,144930,58],{"class":57},[47,144932,38573],{"class":53},[47,144934,445],{"class":98},[47,144936,34674],{"class":102},[47,144938,8836],{"class":98},[47,144940,144941],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,144942,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,144944,144945,144947,144949,144951],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,144946,95],{"class":94},[47,144948,99],{"class":98},[47,144950,38583],{"class":102},[47,144952,106],{"class":98},[47,144954,144955,144957,144959,144962],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,144956,95],{"class":94},[47,144958,99],{"class":98},[47,144960,144961],{"class":102},"uppercase_word",[47,144963,106],{"class":98},[20,144965,144],{},[38,144967,144969],{"className":40,"code":144968,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144970,144971,144975],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,144972,144973],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,144974,70590],{"class":53},[47,144976,144977],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,144978,144979],{"class":1213},"BANANA\n",[20,144981,112389],{},[187,144983,144984,144989],{},[190,144985,144986,144988],{},[15,144987,38583],{}," keeps its original value",[190,144990,144991,144993,144994],{},[15,144992,144961],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144995,128153],{},[33,144997,144999,145001],{"id":144998},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145000,128153],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145003,136907,145004,145006],{},[280,145005,136910],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145008,145009],{},"So this method:",[38,145011,145013],{"className":40,"code":145012,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145014,145015,145027,145037,145041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145016,145017,145019,145021,145023,145025],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145018,54],{"class":53},[47,145020,58],{"class":57},[47,145022,62],{"class":61},[47,145024,17999],{"class":65},[47,145026,69],{"class":61},[47,145028,145029,145031,145033,145035],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145030,103],{"class":53},[47,145032,445],{"class":98},[47,145034,34674],{"class":102},[47,145036,8836],{"class":98},[47,145038,145039],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145040,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,145042,145043,145045,145047,145049],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,145044,95],{"class":94},[47,145046,99],{"class":98},[47,145048,103],{"class":102},[47,145050,106],{"class":98},[20,145052,144],{},[38,145054,145056],{"className":40,"code":145055,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"alice\n",[15,145057,145058],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145059,145060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145061,145055],{"class":53},[20,145063,21175,145064,145066,145067,145069],{},[15,145065,128153],{}," was called, ",[15,145068,103],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145071,145072],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[38,145074,145076],{"className":40,"code":145075,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145077,145078,145090,145104,145108],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145079,145080,145082,145084,145086,145088],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145081,54],{"class":53},[47,145083,58],{"class":57},[47,145085,62],{"class":61},[47,145087,17999],{"class":65},[47,145089,69],{"class":61},[47,145091,145092,145094,145096,145098,145100,145102],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145093,54],{"class":53},[47,145095,58],{"class":57},[47,145097,139],{"class":53},[47,145099,445],{"class":98},[47,145101,34674],{"class":102},[47,145103,8836],{"class":98},[47,145105,145106],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145107,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,145109,145110,145112,145114,145116],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,145111,95],{"class":94},[47,145113,99],{"class":98},[47,145115,103],{"class":102},[47,145117,106],{"class":98},[20,145119,144],{},[38,145121,145123],{"className":40,"code":145122,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ALICE\n",[15,145124,145125],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145126,145127],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145128,145122],{"class":1213},[20,145130,145131],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[33,145133,145135],{"id":145134},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145137,145138,145140],{},[15,145139,128153],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[187,145142,145143,145146,145149,145152],{},[190,145144,145145],{},"Numbers stay the same",[190,145147,145148],{},"Spaces stay the same",[190,145150,145151],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[190,145153,145154],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145156,204],{},[38,145158,145160],{"className":40,"code":145159,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145161,145162,145175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145163,145164,145166,145168,145170,145173],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145165,34884],{"class":53},[47,145167,58],{"class":57},[47,145169,62],{"class":61},[47,145171,145172],{"class":65},"Room 7, table #3!",[47,145174,69],{"class":61},[47,145176,145177,145179,145181,145183,145185,145187],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145178,95],{"class":94},[47,145180,99],{"class":98},[47,145182,192],{"class":102},[47,145184,445],{"class":98},[47,145186,34674],{"class":102},[47,145188,7389],{"class":98},[20,145190,144],{},[38,145192,145194],{"className":40,"code":145193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145195,145196],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145197,145198,145201,145203,145205,145208],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145199,145200],{"class":1213},"ROOM",[47,145202,6188],{"class":80},[47,145204,136],{"class":98},[47,145206,145207],{"class":1213}," TABLE",[47,145209,145210],{"class":3857}," #3!\n",[20,145212,145213],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[33,145215,5158,145217],{"id":145216},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145218,128153],{},[20,145220,145221,145223],{},[15,145222,128153],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145225,48526],{},[187,145227,145228,145231,145234],{},[190,145229,145230],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[190,145232,145233],{},"Format labels or headings",[190,145235,145236],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145238,145239],{},"Example: simple comparison",[38,145241,145243],{"className":40,"code":145242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145244,145245,145257,145261,145283],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145246,145247,145249,145251,145253,145255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145248,136518],{"class":53},[47,145250,58],{"class":57},[47,145252,62],{"class":61},[47,145254,8851],{"class":65},[47,145256,69],{"class":61},[47,145258,145259],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145260,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,145262,145263,145265,145267,145269,145271,145273,145275,145277,145279,145281],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145264,7192],{"class":1461},[47,145266,136538],{"class":53},[47,145268,445],{"class":98},[47,145270,34674],{"class":102},[47,145272,7561],{"class":98},[47,145274,6601],{"class":57},[47,145276,62],{"class":61},[47,145278,136525],{"class":65},[47,145280,128],{"class":61},[47,145282,6586],{"class":98},[47,145284,145285,145287,145289,145291,145293,145295],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,145286,1499],{"class":94},[47,145288,99],{"class":98},[47,145290,128],{"class":61},[47,145292,143722],{"class":65},[47,145294,128],{"class":61},[47,145296,106],{"class":98},[20,145298,144],{},[38,145300,145301],{"className":40,"code":143731,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145302,145303],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145304,145305],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145306,143731],{"class":53},[20,145308,145309,145310,2390,145312,2394,145314,445],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145311,8851],{},[15,145313,137311],{},[15,145315,136525],{},[33,145317,1595],{"id":1594},[447,145319,95809],{"id":95808},[20,145321,8311,145322,145325],{},[15,145323,145324],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145327,16839],{},[38,145329,145331],{"className":40,"code":145330,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145332,145333,145345,145355],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145334,145335,145337,145339,145341,145343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145336,34884],{"class":53},[47,145338,58],{"class":57},[47,145340,62],{"class":61},[47,145342,4038],{"class":65},[47,145344,69],{"class":61},[47,145346,145347,145349,145351,145353],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145348,192],{"class":53},[47,145350,445],{"class":98},[47,145352,34674],{"class":102},[47,145354,8836],{"class":98},[47,145356,145357,145359,145361,145363],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145358,95],{"class":94},[47,145360,99],{"class":98},[47,145362,192],{"class":102},[47,145364,106],{"class":98},[20,145366,144],{},[38,145368,145369],{"className":40,"code":138590,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145370,145371],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145372,145373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145374,138590],{"class":53},[20,145376,16851],{},[38,145378,145380],{"className":40,"code":145379,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145381,145382,145394,145408],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145383,145384,145386,145388,145390,145392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145385,34884],{"class":53},[47,145387,58],{"class":57},[47,145389,62],{"class":61},[47,145391,4038],{"class":65},[47,145393,69],{"class":61},[47,145395,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145397,34884],{"class":53},[47,145399,58],{"class":57},[47,145401,43031],{"class":53},[47,145403,445],{"class":98},[47,145405,34674],{"class":102},[47,145407,8836],{"class":98},[47,145409,145410,145412,145414,145416],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145411,95],{"class":94},[47,145413,99],{"class":98},[47,145415,192],{"class":102},[47,145417,106],{"class":98},[20,145419,144],{},[38,145421,145423],{"className":40,"code":145422,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO\n",[15,145424,145425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145426,145427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145428,145422],{"class":1213},[447,145430,19104,145432,137197],{"id":145431},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145433,128153],{},[20,145435,145436,145438],{},[15,145437,128153],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145440,204],{},[38,145442,145444],{"className":40,"code":145443,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145445,145446,145454],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145447,145448,145450,145452],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145449,2417],{"class":53},[47,145451,58],{"class":57},[47,145453,124957],{"class":80},[47,145455,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145457,95],{"class":94},[47,145459,99],{"class":98},[47,145461,2438],{"class":102},[47,145463,445],{"class":98},[47,145465,34674],{"class":102},[47,145467,7389],{"class":98},[20,145469,39845,145470,145472,145473,33798],{},[15,145471,2389],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145474,128153],{},[20,145476,145477],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[38,145479,145481],{"className":40,"code":145480,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145482,145483,145491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145484,145485,145487,145489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145486,2417],{"class":53},[47,145488,58],{"class":57},[47,145490,124957],{"class":80},[47,145492,145493,145495,145497,145499,145501,145503,145505,145507],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145494,95],{"class":94},[47,145496,99],{"class":98},[47,145498,3636],{"class":1788},[47,145500,99],{"class":98},[47,145502,2438],{"class":102},[47,145504,8824],{"class":98},[47,145506,34674],{"class":102},[47,145508,7389],{"class":98},[20,145510,144],{},[38,145512,145514],{"className":40,"code":145513,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"123\n",[15,145515,145516],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145517,145518],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145519,145513],{"class":80},[447,145521,37396,145523,145525],{"id":145522},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145524,128153],{}," with title case",[20,145527,145528,145530,145531,145534],{},[15,145529,128153],{}," makes ",[280,145532,145533],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[38,145536,145538],{"className":40,"code":145537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145539,145540,145552],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145541,145542,145544,145546,145548,145550],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145543,34884],{"class":53},[47,145545,58],{"class":57},[47,145547,62],{"class":61},[47,145549,60591],{"class":65},[47,145551,69],{"class":61},[47,145553,145554,145556,145558,145560,145562,145564],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145555,95],{"class":94},[47,145557,99],{"class":98},[47,145559,192],{"class":102},[47,145561,445],{"class":98},[47,145563,34674],{"class":102},[47,145565,7389],{"class":98},[20,145567,144],{},[38,145569,145571],{"className":40,"code":145570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145572,145573],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145574,145575,145577],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145576,136299],{"class":1213},[47,145578,145579],{"class":1213}," WORLD\n",[20,145581,145582,145583,145587,145588,145592],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[594,145584,145585],{"href":124002},[15,145586,124005],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[594,145589,145590],{"href":129856},[15,145591,124446],{}," changes parts of a string.",[33,145594,145596],{"id":145595},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145598,145599,145600,420],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145601,128153],{},[187,145603,145604,145611,145618,145625],{},[190,145605,145606,145610],{},[594,145607,145608],{"href":124002},[15,145609,124005],{}," for lowercase text",[190,145612,145613,145617],{},[594,145614,145615],{"href":136845},[15,145616,41843],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[190,145619,145620,145624],{},[594,145621,145622],{"href":129856},[15,145623,124446],{}," for changing parts of a string",[190,145626,145627,839,145629,145631],{},[15,145628,127643],{},[15,145630,126333],{}," for checks",[20,145633,204],{},[38,145635,145637],{"className":40,"code":145636,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145638,145639,145651,145655,145670,145686,145690],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145640,145641,145643,145645,145647,145649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145642,34884],{"class":53},[47,145644,58],{"class":57},[47,145646,62],{"class":61},[47,145648,143373],{"class":65},[47,145650,69],{"class":61},[47,145652,145653],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145654,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,145656,145657,145660,145662,145664,145666,145668],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145658,145659],{"class":53},"cleaned ",[47,145661,58],{"class":57},[47,145663,43031],{"class":53},[47,145665,445],{"class":98},[47,145667,8827],{"class":102},[47,145669,8836],{"class":98},[47,145671,145672,145675,145677,145680,145682,145684],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,145673,145674],{"class":53},"loud ",[47,145676,58],{"class":57},[47,145678,145679],{"class":53}," cleaned",[47,145681,445],{"class":98},[47,145683,34674],{"class":102},[47,145685,8836],{"class":98},[47,145687,145688],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,145689,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,145691,145692,145694,145696,145699],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,145693,95],{"class":94},[47,145695,99],{"class":98},[47,145697,145698],{"class":102},"loud",[47,145700,106],{"class":98},[20,145702,144],{},[38,145704,145705],{"className":40,"code":145570,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145706,145707],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145708,145709,145711],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145710,136299],{"class":1213},[47,145712,145579],{"class":1213},[33,145714,1969],{"id":1968},[447,145716,1973,145718,124602],{"id":145717},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145719,128153],{},[20,145721,145722],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[447,145724,1973,145726,137579],{"id":145725},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145727,128153],{},[20,145729,145730,145731,445],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145732,145324],{},[447,145734,145736],{"id":145735},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145738,145739,145740,145742],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145741,128153],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[447,145744,28528,145746,145748],{"id":145745},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145747,128153],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145750,145751],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145753,204],{},[38,145755,145757],{"className":40,"code":145756,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145758,145759,145771,145784,145788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145760,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145762,2750],{"class":53},[47,145764,58],{"class":57},[47,145766,62],{"class":61},[47,145768,42],{"class":65},[47,145770,69],{"class":61},[47,145772,145773,145775,145777,145779,145782],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145774,2777],{"class":53},[47,145776,58],{"class":57},[47,145778,62],{"class":61},[47,145780,145781],{"class":65},"PYTHON",[47,145783,69],{"class":61},[47,145785,145786],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145787,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,145789,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802,145804,145806,145808,145810],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,145791,95],{"class":94},[47,145793,99],{"class":98},[47,145795,594],{"class":102},[47,145797,445],{"class":98},[47,145799,34674],{"class":102},[47,145801,7561],{"class":98},[47,145803,6601],{"class":57},[47,145805,2755],{"class":102},[47,145807,445],{"class":98},[47,145809,34674],{"class":102},[47,145811,7389],{"class":98},[20,145813,144],{},[38,145815,145816],{"className":40,"code":4172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,145817,145818],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145819,145820],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145821,4172],{"class":1334},[33,145823,2075],{"id":2074},[187,145825,145826,145830,145836,145842,145848,145852,145856],{},[190,145827,145828],{},[594,145829,125030],{"href":596},[190,145831,145832],{},[594,145833,126275,145834,10934],{"href":124002},[15,145835,124005],{},[190,145837,145838],{},[594,145839,126275,145840,10934],{"href":136845},[15,145841,41843],{},[190,145843,145844],{},[594,145845,126275,145846,10934],{"href":129856},[15,145847,124446],{},[190,145849,145850],{},[594,145851,2099],{"href":1052},[190,145853,145854],{},[594,145855,124674],{"href":123530},[190,145857,145858],{},[594,145859,137665],{"href":136246},[2110,145861,145862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":145864},[145865,145866,145868,145869,145870,145872,145873,145875,145882,145883,145892],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":144788,"depth":72,"text":145867},"What upper() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":144998,"depth":72,"text":145871},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145134,"depth":72,"text":145135},{"id":145216,"depth":72,"text":145874},"When to use upper()",{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":145876},[145877,145878,145880],{"id":95808,"depth":84,"text":95809},{"id":145431,"depth":84,"text":145879},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145522,"depth":84,"text":145881},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145595,"depth":72,"text":145596},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":145884},[145885,145887,145889,145890],{"id":145717,"depth":84,"text":145886},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145725,"depth":84,"text":145888},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145735,"depth":84,"text":145736},{"id":145745,"depth":84,"text":145891},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144712,"description":145893},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145900,"title":145901,"body":145902,"description":147779,"extension":2167,"meta":147780,"navigation":87,"path":147781,"seo":147782,"stem":147783,"__hash__":147784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145903,"toc":147729},[145904,145910,145917,145923,145925,145981,145986,145991,145996,145999,146018,146021,146023,146047,146065,146076,146078,146081,146134,146136,146144,146146,146164,146169,146172,146229,146231,146240,146243,146263,146266,146272,146277,146279,146322,146324,146332,146335,146376,146378,146387,146393,146399,146426,146428,146436,146441,146445,146457,146500,146502,146510,146515,146521,146526,146530,146532,146575,146578,146625,146627,146636,146643,146647,146650,146696,146701,146705,146707,146750,146753,146761,146763,146768,146770,146772,146791,146794,146806,146808,146827,146829,146837,146841,146843,146894,146897,146972,146974,146982,146985,146989,146991,147038,147041,147112,147114,147122,147128,147130,147205,147209,147288,147290,147298,147304,147310,147315,147320,147369,147373,147444,147447,147452,147463,147466,147477,147487,147489,147494,147519,147524,147605,147607,147632,147634,147639,147642,147648,147657,147663,147666,147672,147678,147685,147688,147690,147726],[10,145905,13,145907,18],{"id":145906},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145908,145909],{},"sum()",[20,145911,9316,145912,145914,145915,24962],{},[15,145913,145909],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145916,60183],{},[20,145918,145919,145920,145922],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145921,36266],{}," value and a few important limits.",[33,145924,36],{"id":35},[38,145926,145928],{"className":40,"code":145927,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145929,145930,145954,145969],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,145931,145932,145934,145936,145938,145940,145942,145944,145946,145948,145950,145952],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,145933,3810],{"class":53},[47,145935,58],{"class":57},[47,145937,3815],{"class":98},[47,145939,1476],{"class":80},[47,145941,136],{"class":98},[47,145943,1562],{"class":80},[47,145945,136],{"class":98},[47,145947,249],{"class":80},[47,145949,136],{"class":98},[47,145951,393],{"class":80},[47,145953,3828],{"class":98},[47,145955,145956,145958,145960,145963,145965,145967],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,145957,1447],{"class":53},[47,145959,58],{"class":57},[47,145961,145962],{"class":94}," sum",[47,145964,99],{"class":98},[47,145966,195],{"class":102},[47,145968,106],{"class":98},[47,145970,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,145972,95],{"class":94},[47,145974,99],{"class":98},[47,145976,41401],{"class":102},[47,145978,3854],{"class":98},[47,145980,26994],{"class":3857},[20,145982,167,145983,145985],{},[15,145984,145909],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[33,145987,174,145989,177],{"id":145988},"what-sum-does",[15,145990,145909],{},[20,145992,145993,145995],{},[15,145994,145909],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145997,145998],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[187,146000,146001,146004,146007,146012],{},[190,146002,146003],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[190,146005,146006],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[190,146008,146009,146010],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146011,36392],{},[190,146013,146014,146015,146017],{},"Counting ",[15,146016,3795],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146019,146020],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[33,146022,290],{"id":289},[38,146024,146026],{"className":40,"code":146025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146027,146028],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146029,146030,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041,146043,146045],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146031,146032],{"class":94},"sum",[47,146034,99],{"class":98},[47,146036,3913],{"class":102},[47,146038,136],{"class":98},[47,146040,36245],{"class":951},[47,146042,58],{"class":57},[47,146044,2321],{"class":80},[47,146046,106],{"class":98},[187,146048,146049,146054,146059],{},[190,146050,146051,146053],{},[15,146052,3913],{}," is the group of values to add",[190,146055,146056,146058],{},[15,146057,36266],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[190,146060,146061,146062],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146063,146064],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146066,146067,146068,146071,146072,445],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146069,146070,3913],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[594,146073,146074,24815],{"href":36389},[15,146075,36392],{},[33,146077,11670],{"id":11669},[20,146079,146080],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[38,146082,146084],{"className":40,"code":146083,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146085,146086,146106,146120,146124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146087,146088,146090,146092,146094,146096,146098,146100,146102,146104],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146089,3810],{"class":53},[47,146091,58],{"class":57},[47,146093,3815],{"class":98},[47,146095,232],{"class":80},[47,146097,136],{"class":98},[47,146099,373],{"class":80},[47,146101,136],{"class":98},[47,146103,38128],{"class":80},[47,146105,3828],{"class":98},[47,146107,146108,146110,146112,146114,146116,146118],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146109,1447],{"class":53},[47,146111,58],{"class":57},[47,146113,145962],{"class":94},[47,146115,99],{"class":98},[47,146117,195],{"class":102},[47,146119,106],{"class":98},[47,146121,146122],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,146123,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,146125,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,146127,95],{"class":94},[47,146129,99],{"class":98},[47,146131,41401],{"class":102},[47,146133,106],{"class":98},[20,146135,144],{},[38,146137,146138],{"className":40,"code":70025,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146139,146140],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146141,146142],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146143,70025],{"class":80},[20,146145,11879],{},[187,146147,146148,146153,146159],{},[190,146149,146150,146152],{},[15,146151,195],{}," contains three integers",[190,146154,146155,146158],{},[15,146156,146157],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[190,146160,146161,146162],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146163,41401],{},[33,146165,36807,146167,8626],{"id":146166},"using-the-start-value",[15,146168,36266],{},[20,146170,146171],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[38,146173,146175],{"className":40,"code":146174,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146176,146177,146197,146215,146219],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146178,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193,146195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146180,3810],{"class":53},[47,146182,58],{"class":57},[47,146184,3815],{"class":98},[47,146186,1476],{"class":80},[47,146188,136],{"class":98},[47,146190,1562],{"class":80},[47,146192,136],{"class":98},[47,146194,249],{"class":80},[47,146196,3828],{"class":98},[47,146198,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211,146213],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146200,1447],{"class":53},[47,146202,58],{"class":57},[47,146204,145962],{"class":94},[47,146206,99],{"class":98},[47,146208,195],{"class":102},[47,146210,136],{"class":98},[47,146212,373],{"class":80},[47,146214,106],{"class":98},[47,146216,146217],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,146218,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,146220,146221,146223,146225,146227],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,146222,95],{"class":94},[47,146224,99],{"class":98},[47,146226,41401],{"class":102},[47,146228,106],{"class":98},[20,146230,144],{},[38,146232,146234],{"className":40,"code":146233,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"16\n",[15,146235,146236],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146237,146238],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146239,146233],{"class":80},[20,146241,146242],{},"This works like:",[187,146244,146245,146250,146255,146259],{},[190,146246,146247,146248],{},"Start at ",[15,146249,582],{},[190,146251,146252,146253],{},"Add ",[15,146254,1476],{},[190,146256,146252,146257],{},[15,146258,243],{},[190,146260,146252,146261],{},[15,146262,2263],{},[20,146264,146265],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[33,146267,174,146269,146271],{"id":146268},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146270,145909],{}," can work with",[20,146273,146274,146276],{},[15,146275,145909],{}," works with numeric values.",[447,146278,40615],{"id":40614},[38,146280,146282],{"className":40,"code":146281,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146283,146284,146308],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146285,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300,146302,146304,146306],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146287,4015],{"class":53},[47,146289,58],{"class":57},[47,146291,3815],{"class":98},[47,146293,1476],{"class":80},[47,146295,136],{"class":98},[47,146297,1562],{"class":80},[47,146299,136],{"class":98},[47,146301,249],{"class":80},[47,146303,136],{"class":98},[47,146305,393],{"class":80},[47,146307,3828],{"class":98},[47,146309,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146311,95],{"class":94},[47,146313,99],{"class":98},[47,146315,146032],{"class":94},[47,146317,99],{"class":98},[47,146319,5553],{"class":102},[47,146321,1796],{"class":98},[20,146323,144],{},[38,146325,146326],{"className":40,"code":2574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146327,146328],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146329,146330],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146331,2574],{"class":80},[447,146333,146334],{"id":52231},"Floats",[38,146336,146338],{"className":40,"code":146337,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146339,146340,146362],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146341,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352,146355,146357,146360],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146343,83230],{"class":53},[47,146345,58],{"class":57},[47,146347,3815],{"class":98},[47,146349,41349],{"class":80},[47,146351,136],{"class":98},[47,146353,146354],{"class":80}," 3.75",[47,146356,136],{"class":98},[47,146358,146359],{"class":80}," 1.25",[47,146361,3828],{"class":98},[47,146363,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146365,95],{"class":94},[47,146367,99],{"class":98},[47,146369,146032],{"class":94},[47,146371,99],{"class":98},[47,146373,83266],{"class":102},[47,146375,1796],{"class":98},[20,146377,144],{},[38,146379,146381],{"className":40,"code":146380,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"7.5\n",[15,146382,146383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146384,146385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146386,146380],{"class":80},[20,146388,146389,146390,445],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[594,146391,146392],{"href":2616},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[447,146394,146396,146397],{"id":146395},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146398,36392],{},[38,146400,146402],{"className":40,"code":146401,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146403,146404],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146405,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146407,95],{"class":94},[47,146409,99],{"class":98},[47,146411,146032],{"class":94},[47,146413,99],{"class":98},[47,146415,60183],{"class":94},[47,146417,99],{"class":98},[47,146419,1476],{"class":80},[47,146421,136],{"class":98},[47,146423,398],{"class":80},[47,146425,3106],{"class":98},[20,146427,144],{},[38,146429,146430],{"className":40,"code":47228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146431,146432],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146433,146434],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146435,47228],{"class":80},[20,146437,113479,146438,445],{},[15,146439,146440],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[447,146442,146444],{"id":146443},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146446,146447,146448,146450,146451,839,146453,146450,146455,445],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146449,3795],{}," acts like ",[15,146452,1476],{},[15,146454,3868],{},[15,146456,2321],{},[38,146458,146460],{"className":40,"code":146459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146461,146462,146486],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146463,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146465,52151],{"class":53},[47,146467,58],{"class":57},[47,146469,3815],{"class":98},[47,146471,3795],{"class":1334},[47,146473,136],{"class":98},[47,146475,4099],{"class":1334},[47,146477,136],{"class":98},[47,146479,4108],{"class":1334},[47,146481,136],{"class":98},[47,146483,4108],{"class":1334},[47,146485,3828],{"class":98},[47,146487,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496,146498],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146489,95],{"class":94},[47,146491,99],{"class":98},[47,146493,146032],{"class":94},[47,146495,99],{"class":98},[47,146497,52204],{"class":102},[47,146499,1796],{"class":98},[20,146501,144],{},[38,146503,146504],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146505,146506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146507,146508],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146509,46804],{"class":80},[20,146511,146512,146513,445],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146514,3795],{},[33,146516,174,146518,146520],{"id":146517},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146519,145909],{}," does not work with",[20,146522,146523,146525],{},[15,146524,145909],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[447,146527,146529],{"id":146528},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146531,3030],{},[38,146533,146535],{"className":40,"code":146534,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146536,146537,146561],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146538,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146540,4263],{"class":53},[47,146542,58],{"class":57},[47,146544,3815],{"class":98},[47,146546,128],{"class":61},[47,146548,4038],{"class":65},[47,146550,128],{"class":61},[47,146552,136],{"class":98},[47,146554,62],{"class":61},[47,146556,60776],{"class":65},[47,146558,128],{"class":61},[47,146560,3828],{"class":98},[47,146562,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146564,95],{"class":94},[47,146566,99],{"class":98},[47,146568,146032],{"class":94},[47,146570,99],{"class":98},[47,146572,4307],{"class":102},[47,146574,1796],{"class":98},[20,146576,146577],{},"Use string joining instead:",[38,146579,146581],{"className":40,"code":146580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146582,146583,146607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146584,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599,146601,146603,146605],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146586,4263],{"class":53},[47,146588,58],{"class":57},[47,146590,3815],{"class":98},[47,146592,128],{"class":61},[47,146594,4038],{"class":65},[47,146596,128],{"class":61},[47,146598,136],{"class":98},[47,146600,62],{"class":61},[47,146602,60776],{"class":65},[47,146604,128],{"class":61},[47,146606,3828],{"class":98},[47,146608,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146610,95],{"class":94},[47,146612,99],{"class":98},[47,146614,1151],{"class":61},[47,146616,445],{"class":98},[47,146618,133434],{"class":102},[47,146620,99],{"class":98},[47,146622,4307],{"class":102},[47,146624,1796],{"class":98},[20,146626,144],{},[38,146628,146630],{"className":40,"code":146629,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"helloworld\n",[15,146631,146632],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146633,146634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146635,146629],{"class":53},[20,146637,146638,146639,445],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[594,146640,146641,5978],{"href":795},[15,146642,798],{},[447,146644,146646],{"id":146645},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146648,146649],{},"This also causes an error:",[38,146651,146653],{"className":40,"code":146652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146654,146655,146682],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146656,146657,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146658,146659],{"class":53},"lists ",[47,146661,58],{"class":57},[47,146663,56478],{"class":98},[47,146665,1476],{"class":80},[47,146667,136],{"class":98},[47,146669,1562],{"class":80},[47,146671,18258],{"class":98},[47,146673,3815],{"class":98},[47,146675,2263],{"class":80},[47,146677,136],{"class":98},[47,146679,393],{"class":80},[47,146681,53427],{"class":98},[47,146683,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146685,95],{"class":94},[47,146687,99],{"class":98},[47,146689,146032],{"class":94},[47,146691,99],{"class":98},[47,146693,5494],{"class":102},[47,146695,1796],{"class":98},[20,146697,146698,146700],{},[15,146699,145909],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[447,146702,146704],{"id":146703},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146706,5667],{},[38,146708,146710],{"className":40,"code":146709,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146711,146712,146736],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146713,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146715,4015],{"class":53},[47,146717,58],{"class":57},[47,146719,3815],{"class":98},[47,146721,1476],{"class":80},[47,146723,136],{"class":98},[47,146725,1562],{"class":80},[47,146727,136],{"class":98},[47,146729,62],{"class":61},[47,146731,2263],{"class":65},[47,146733,128],{"class":61},[47,146735,3828],{"class":98},[47,146737,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146739,95],{"class":94},[47,146741,99],{"class":98},[47,146743,146032],{"class":94},[47,146745,99],{"class":98},[47,146747,5553],{"class":102},[47,146749,1796],{"class":98},[20,146751,146752],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146754,146755,146756,146758,146759,445],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146757,66130],{},", convert them first. See ",[594,146760,3155],{"href":3154},[33,146762,41694],{"id":41693},[20,146764,146765,146766,445],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146767,145909],{},[447,146769,6718],{"id":6717},[20,146771,4720],{},[38,146773,146775],{"className":40,"code":146774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146776,146777],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146778,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146780,95],{"class":94},[47,146782,99],{"class":98},[47,146784,146032],{"class":94},[47,146786,99],{"class":98},[47,146788,232],{"class":80},[47,146790,1796],{"class":98},[20,146792,146793],{},"Why it fails:",[187,146795,146796,146801],{},[190,146797,146798,146800],{},[15,146799,232],{}," is a single integer",[190,146802,146803,146805],{},[15,146804,145909],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146807,6748],{},[38,146809,146811],{"className":40,"code":146810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146812,146813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146814,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146816,95],{"class":94},[47,146818,99],{"class":98},[47,146820,146032],{"class":94},[47,146822,3178],{"class":98},[47,146824,232],{"class":80},[47,146826,3191],{"class":98},[20,146828,144],{},[38,146830,146831],{"className":40,"code":268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146832,146833],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146834,146835],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146836,268],{"class":80},[447,146838,146840],{"id":146839},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146842,4720],{},[38,146844,146846],{"className":40,"code":146845,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146847,146848,146880],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146849,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146851,4015],{"class":53},[47,146853,58],{"class":57},[47,146855,3815],{"class":98},[47,146857,128],{"class":61},[47,146859,1476],{"class":65},[47,146861,128],{"class":61},[47,146863,136],{"class":98},[47,146865,62],{"class":61},[47,146867,243],{"class":65},[47,146869,128],{"class":61},[47,146871,136],{"class":98},[47,146873,62],{"class":61},[47,146875,2263],{"class":65},[47,146877,128],{"class":61},[47,146879,3828],{"class":98},[47,146881,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146883,95],{"class":94},[47,146885,99],{"class":98},[47,146887,146032],{"class":94},[47,146889,99],{"class":98},[47,146891,5553],{"class":102},[47,146893,1796],{"class":98},[20,146895,146896],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[38,146898,146900],{"className":40,"code":146899,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146901,146902,146934,146962],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146903,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146905,4015],{"class":53},[47,146907,58],{"class":57},[47,146909,3815],{"class":98},[47,146911,128],{"class":61},[47,146913,1476],{"class":65},[47,146915,128],{"class":61},[47,146917,136],{"class":98},[47,146919,62],{"class":61},[47,146921,243],{"class":65},[47,146923,128],{"class":61},[47,146925,136],{"class":98},[47,146927,62],{"class":61},[47,146929,2263],{"class":65},[47,146931,128],{"class":61},[47,146933,3828],{"class":98},[47,146935,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,146937,1447],{"class":53},[47,146939,58],{"class":57},[47,146941,145962],{"class":94},[47,146943,99],{"class":98},[47,146945,2389],{"class":1788},[47,146947,99],{"class":98},[47,146949,2374],{"class":102},[47,146951,3854],{"class":98},[47,146953,4069],{"class":1461},[47,146955,4072],{"class":102},[47,146957,1468],{"class":1461},[47,146959,4077],{"class":102},[47,146961,106],{"class":98},[47,146963,146964,146966,146968,146970],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,146965,95],{"class":94},[47,146967,99],{"class":98},[47,146969,41401],{"class":102},[47,146971,106],{"class":98},[20,146973,144],{},[38,146975,146976],{"className":40,"code":2849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,146977,146978],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146979,146980],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146981,2849],{"class":80},[20,146983,146984],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[447,146986,146988],{"id":146987},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146990,4720],{},[38,146992,146994],{"className":40,"code":146993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146995,146996,147024],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,146997,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,146999,4015],{"class":53},[47,147001,58],{"class":57},[47,147003,3815],{"class":98},[47,147005,1476],{"class":80},[47,147007,136],{"class":98},[47,147009,1562],{"class":80},[47,147011,136],{"class":98},[47,147013,62],{"class":61},[47,147015,2263],{"class":65},[47,147017,128],{"class":61},[47,147019,136],{"class":98},[47,147021,393],{"class":80},[47,147023,3828],{"class":98},[47,147025,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147027,95],{"class":94},[47,147029,99],{"class":98},[47,147031,146032],{"class":94},[47,147033,99],{"class":98},[47,147035,5553],{"class":102},[47,147037,1796],{"class":98},[20,147039,147040],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[38,147042,147044],{"className":40,"code":147043,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147045,147046,147074,147102],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147047,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147049,4015],{"class":53},[47,147051,58],{"class":57},[47,147053,3815],{"class":98},[47,147055,1476],{"class":80},[47,147057,136],{"class":98},[47,147059,1562],{"class":80},[47,147061,136],{"class":98},[47,147063,62],{"class":61},[47,147065,2263],{"class":65},[47,147067,128],{"class":61},[47,147069,136],{"class":98},[47,147071,393],{"class":80},[47,147073,3828],{"class":98},[47,147075,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147077,1447],{"class":53},[47,147079,58],{"class":57},[47,147081,145962],{"class":94},[47,147083,99],{"class":98},[47,147085,2389],{"class":1788},[47,147087,99],{"class":98},[47,147089,2374],{"class":102},[47,147091,3854],{"class":98},[47,147093,4069],{"class":1461},[47,147095,4072],{"class":102},[47,147097,1468],{"class":1461},[47,147099,4077],{"class":102},[47,147101,106],{"class":98},[47,147103,147104,147106,147108,147110],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,147105,95],{"class":94},[47,147107,99],{"class":98},[47,147109,41401],{"class":102},[47,147111,106],{"class":98},[20,147113,144],{},[38,147115,147116],{"className":40,"code":2574,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147117,147118],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147119,147120],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147121,2574],{"class":80},[447,147123,1654,147125,147127],{"id":147124},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147126,145909],{}," to join text",[20,147129,4720],{},[38,147131,147133],{"className":40,"code":147132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147134,147135,147191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147136,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147138,36284],{"class":53},[47,147140,58],{"class":57},[47,147142,3815],{"class":98},[47,147144,128],{"class":61},[47,147146,134033],{"class":65},[47,147148,128],{"class":61},[47,147150,136],{"class":98},[47,147152,62],{"class":61},[47,147154,11941],{"class":65},[47,147156,128],{"class":61},[47,147158,136],{"class":98},[47,147160,62],{"class":61},[47,147162,63472],{"class":65},[47,147164,128],{"class":61},[47,147166,136],{"class":98},[47,147168,62],{"class":61},[47,147170,60623],{"class":65},[47,147172,128],{"class":61},[47,147174,136],{"class":98},[47,147176,62],{"class":61},[47,147178,60658],{"class":65},[47,147180,128],{"class":61},[47,147182,136],{"class":98},[47,147184,62],{"class":61},[47,147186,76214],{"class":65},[47,147188,128],{"class":61},[47,147190,3828],{"class":98},[47,147192,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147194,95],{"class":94},[47,147196,99],{"class":98},[47,147198,146032],{"class":94},[47,147200,99],{"class":98},[47,147202,36337],{"class":102},[47,147204,1796],{"class":98},[20,147206,167,147207,60717],{},[15,147208,133357],{},[38,147210,147212],{"className":40,"code":147211,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147213,147214,147270],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147215,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147217,36284],{"class":53},[47,147219,58],{"class":57},[47,147221,3815],{"class":98},[47,147223,128],{"class":61},[47,147225,134033],{"class":65},[47,147227,128],{"class":61},[47,147229,136],{"class":98},[47,147231,62],{"class":61},[47,147233,11941],{"class":65},[47,147235,128],{"class":61},[47,147237,136],{"class":98},[47,147239,62],{"class":61},[47,147241,63472],{"class":65},[47,147243,128],{"class":61},[47,147245,136],{"class":98},[47,147247,62],{"class":61},[47,147249,60623],{"class":65},[47,147251,128],{"class":61},[47,147253,136],{"class":98},[47,147255,62],{"class":61},[47,147257,60658],{"class":65},[47,147259,128],{"class":61},[47,147261,136],{"class":98},[47,147263,62],{"class":61},[47,147265,76214],{"class":65},[47,147267,128],{"class":61},[47,147269,3828],{"class":98},[47,147271,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147273,95],{"class":94},[47,147275,99],{"class":98},[47,147277,1151],{"class":61},[47,147279,445],{"class":98},[47,147281,133434],{"class":102},[47,147283,99],{"class":98},[47,147285,36337],{"class":102},[47,147287,1796],{"class":98},[20,147289,144],{},[38,147291,147292],{"className":40,"code":134114,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,147293,147294],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147295,147296],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147297,134114],{"class":53},[20,147299,147300,147301,445],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[594,147302,147303],{"href":135195},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[33,147305,147307,147309],{"id":147306},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147308,145909],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147311,147312,147314],{},[15,147313,145909],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[447,147316,1654,147318],{"id":147317},"using-sum",[15,147319,145909],{},[38,147321,147323],{"className":40,"code":147322,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147324,147325,147345,147359],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147326,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147328,3810],{"class":53},[47,147330,58],{"class":57},[47,147332,3815],{"class":98},[47,147334,2700],{"class":80},[47,147336,136],{"class":98},[47,147338,6188],{"class":80},[47,147340,136],{"class":98},[47,147342,54320],{"class":80},[47,147344,3828],{"class":98},[47,147346,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147348,1447],{"class":53},[47,147350,58],{"class":57},[47,147352,145962],{"class":94},[47,147354,99],{"class":98},[47,147356,195],{"class":102},[47,147358,106],{"class":98},[47,147360,147361,147363,147365,147367],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,147362,95],{"class":94},[47,147364,99],{"class":98},[47,147366,41401],{"class":102},[47,147368,106],{"class":98},[447,147370,147372],{"id":147371},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[38,147374,147376],{"className":40,"code":147375,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147377,147378,147398,147406,147410,147422,147430,147434],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147379,147380,147382,147384,147386,147388,147390,147392,147394,147396],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147381,3810],{"class":53},[47,147383,58],{"class":57},[47,147385,3815],{"class":98},[47,147387,2700],{"class":80},[47,147389,136],{"class":98},[47,147391,6188],{"class":80},[47,147393,136],{"class":98},[47,147395,54320],{"class":80},[47,147397,3828],{"class":98},[47,147399,147400,147402,147404],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147401,1447],{"class":53},[47,147403,58],{"class":57},[47,147405,1452],{"class":80},[47,147407,147408],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,147409,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,147411,147412,147414,147416,147418,147420],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,147413,1462],{"class":1461},[47,147415,1465],{"class":53},[47,147417,1468],{"class":1461},[47,147419,4457],{"class":53},[47,147421,6586],{"class":98},[47,147423,147424,147426,147428],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,147425,1488],{"class":53},[47,147427,1491],{"class":57},[47,147429,1494],{"class":53},[47,147431,147432],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,147433,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,147435,147436,147438,147440,147442],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,147437,95],{"class":94},[47,147439,99],{"class":98},[47,147441,41401],{"class":102},[47,147443,106],{"class":98},[20,147445,147446],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147448,2684,147449,147451],{},[15,147450,145909],{}," is often better:",[187,147453,147454,147457,147460],{},[190,147455,147456],{},"Shorter code",[190,147458,147459],{},"Easier to read",[190,147461,147462],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147464,147465],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[187,147467,147468,147471,147474],{},[190,147469,147470],{},"You need to skip some values",[190,147472,147473],{},"You need extra checks",[190,147475,147476],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147478,147479,147480,147483,147484,147486],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[594,147481,147482],{"href":40199},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147485,145909],{}," on the filtered result.",[33,147488,1595],{"id":1594},[20,147490,147491,147492,420],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147493,145909],{},[187,147495,147496,147502,147509,147516],{},[190,147497,147498,147499],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147500,147501],{},"sum(5)",[190,147503,147504,147505,147508],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147506,147507],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[190,147510,1654,147511,147513,147514],{},[15,147512,145909],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147515,133357],{},[190,147517,147518],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147520,1625,147521,147523],{},[15,147522,145909],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[38,147525,147527],{"className":40,"code":147526,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147528,147529,147539,147553,147577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147530,147531,147533,147535,147537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147532,95],{"class":94},[47,147534,99],{"class":98},[47,147536,5553],{"class":102},[47,147538,106],{"class":98},[47,147540,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147542,95],{"class":94},[47,147544,99],{"class":98},[47,147546,1922],{"class":1788},[47,147548,99],{"class":98},[47,147550,5553],{"class":102},[47,147552,1796],{"class":98},[47,147554,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,147556,95],{"class":94},[47,147558,3178],{"class":98},[47,147560,1922],{"class":1788},[47,147562,99],{"class":98},[47,147564,2374],{"class":102},[47,147566,3854],{"class":98},[47,147568,4069],{"class":1461},[47,147570,4072],{"class":102},[47,147572,1468],{"class":1461},[47,147574,4077],{"class":102},[47,147576,4080],{"class":98},[47,147578,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,147580,95],{"class":94},[47,147582,99],{"class":98},[47,147584,146032],{"class":94},[47,147586,3178],{"class":98},[47,147588,2389],{"class":1788},[47,147590,99],{"class":98},[47,147592,2374],{"class":102},[47,147594,3854],{"class":98},[47,147596,4069],{"class":1461},[47,147598,4072],{"class":102},[47,147600,1468],{"class":1461},[47,147602,4077],{"class":102},[47,147604,3191],{"class":98},[20,147606,135928],{},[187,147608,147609,147615,147621,147626],{},[190,147610,147611,147614],{},[15,147612,147613],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[190,147616,147617,147620],{},[15,147618,147619],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[190,147622,147623,135950],{},[15,147624,147625],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[190,147627,147628,147631],{},[15,147629,147630],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[33,147633,1969],{"id":1968},[447,147635,5339,147637,5342],{"id":147636},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147638,145909],{},[20,147640,147641],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[447,147643,1989,147645,147647],{"id":147644},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147646,145909],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147649,30469,147650,3072,147653,147656],{},[15,147651,147652],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147654,147655],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[447,147658,1989,147660,147662],{"id":147659},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147661,145909],{}," work with floats?",[20,147664,147665],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[447,147667,147669,147670,2009],{"id":147668},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147671,145909],{},[20,147673,147674,147675,147677],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147676,36266],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[447,147679,2002,147681,119313,147683,2009],{"id":147680},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147682,145909],{},[15,147684,1707],{},[20,147686,147687],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[33,147689,2075],{"id":2074},[187,147691,147692,147696,147702,147708,147714,147718,147722],{},[190,147693,147694],{},[594,147695,146392],{"href":2616},[190,147697,147698],{},[594,147699,13,147700,2088],{"href":36389},[15,147701,36392],{},[190,147703,147704],{},[594,147705,13,147706,2088],{"href":42547},[15,147707,42550],{},[190,147709,147710],{},[594,147711,13,147712,2088],{"href":795},[15,147713,798],{},[190,147715,147716],{},[594,147717,5415],{"href":40199},[190,147719,147720],{},[594,147721,3718],{"href":3154},[190,147723,147724],{},[594,147725,147303],{"href":135195},[2110,147727,147728],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":147730},[147731,147732,147734,147735,147736,147738,147746,147752,147759,147765,147766,147778],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":145988,"depth":72,"text":147733},"What sum() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":146166,"depth":72,"text":147737},"Using the start value",{"id":146268,"depth":72,"text":147739,"children":147740},"What sum() can work with",[147741,147742,147743,147745],{"id":40614,"depth":84,"text":40615},{"id":52231,"depth":84,"text":146334},{"id":146395,"depth":84,"text":147744},"Values from range()",{"id":146443,"depth":84,"text":146444},{"id":146517,"depth":72,"text":147747,"children":147748},"What sum() does not work with",[147749,147750,147751],{"id":146528,"depth":84,"text":146529},{"id":146645,"depth":84,"text":146646},{"id":146703,"depth":84,"text":146704},{"id":41693,"depth":72,"text":41694,"children":147753},[147754,147755,147756,147757],{"id":6717,"depth":84,"text":6718},{"id":146839,"depth":84,"text":146840},{"id":146987,"depth":84,"text":146988},{"id":147124,"depth":84,"text":147758},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147306,"depth":72,"text":147760,"children":147761},"sum() vs manual loop",[147762,147764],{"id":147317,"depth":84,"text":147763},"Using sum()",{"id":147371,"depth":84,"text":147372},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":147767},[147768,147770,147772,147774,147776],{"id":147636,"depth":84,"text":147769},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147644,"depth":84,"text":147771},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147659,"depth":84,"text":147773},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147668,"depth":84,"text":147775},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147680,"depth":84,"text":147777},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145901,"description":147779},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147786,"title":147787,"body":147788,"description":149190,"extension":2167,"meta":149191,"navigation":87,"path":149192,"seo":149193,"stem":149194,"__hash__":149195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147789,"toc":149158},[147790,147796,147802,147805,147868,147874,147879,147883,147900,147914,147918,147938,147952,147954,148047,148049,148063,148065,148068,148157,148159,148167,148176,148178,148182,148203,148205,148297,148299,148320,148322,148326,148340,148342,148416,148418,148437,148441,148444,148467,148469,148580,148587,148595,148597,148603,148606,148649,148652,148675,148683,148687,148762,148768,148793,148800,148803,148806,148810,148815,148903,148911,148915,148918,148943,148947,149008,149012,149061,149071,149073,149078,149081,149087,149090,149094,149098,149104,149107,149115,149123,149125,149155],[10,147791,147793,147794,11516],{"id":147792},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147795,57475],{},[20,147797,147798,147801],{},[15,147799,147800],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147803,147804],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[38,147806,147808],{"className":40,"code":147807,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147809,147810,147838,147856],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147811,147812,147814,147816,147818,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830,147832,147834,147836],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147813,3810],{"class":53},[47,147815,58],{"class":57},[47,147817,9428],{"class":98},[47,147819,1476],{"class":80},[47,147821,136],{"class":98},[47,147823,1562],{"class":80},[47,147825,136],{"class":98},[47,147827,1562],{"class":80},[47,147829,136],{"class":98},[47,147831,249],{"class":80},[47,147833,136],{"class":98},[47,147835,1562],{"class":80},[47,147837,106],{"class":98},[47,147839,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,147841,1290],{"class":53},[47,147843,58],{"class":57},[47,147845,4457],{"class":53},[47,147847,445],{"class":98},[47,147849,41449],{"class":102},[47,147851,99],{"class":98},[47,147853,243],{"class":80},[47,147855,106],{"class":98},[47,147857,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,147859,95],{"class":94},[47,147861,99],{"class":98},[47,147863,1315],{"class":102},[47,147865,3854],{"class":98},[47,147867,50957],{"class":3857},[20,147869,167,147870,147873],{},[15,147871,147872],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[33,147875,174,147877,177],{"id":147876},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147878,147800],{},[20,147880,147881,420],{},[15,147882,147872],{},[187,147884,147885,147891,147894,147897],{},[190,147886,147887,147888,147890],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147889,2668],{}," appears in the tuple",[190,147892,147893],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[190,147895,147896],{},"Returns an integer",[190,147898,147899],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147901,147902,147903,147905,147906,3072,147910,445],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147904,57475],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[594,147907,147909],{"href":147908},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[594,147911,147913],{"href":147912},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[33,147915,147917],{"id":147916},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[38,147919,147921],{"className":40,"code":147920,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147922,147923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147924,147925,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147926,147927],{"class":53},"my_tuple",[47,147929,445],{"class":98},[47,147931,41449],{"class":102},[47,147933,99],{"class":98},[47,147935,2668],{"class":102},[47,147937,106],{"class":98},[187,147939,147940,147944,147947],{},[190,147941,147942,57640],{},[15,147943,2668],{},[190,147945,147946],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[190,147948,147949,147950],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147951,2321],{},[447,147953,103028],{"id":103027},[38,147955,147957],{"className":40,"code":147956,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147958,147959,147999,148023],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,147960,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,147962,13271],{"class":53},[47,147964,58],{"class":57},[47,147966,9428],{"class":98},[47,147968,128],{"class":61},[47,147970,876],{"class":65},[47,147972,128],{"class":61},[47,147974,136],{"class":98},[47,147976,62],{"class":61},[47,147978,894],{"class":65},[47,147980,128],{"class":61},[47,147982,136],{"class":98},[47,147984,62],{"class":61},[47,147986,876],{"class":65},[47,147988,128],{"class":61},[47,147990,136],{"class":98},[47,147992,62],{"class":61},[47,147994,885],{"class":65},[47,147996,128],{"class":61},[47,147998,106],{"class":98},[47,148000,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148002,95],{"class":94},[47,148004,99],{"class":98},[47,148006,17698],{"class":102},[47,148008,445],{"class":98},[47,148010,41449],{"class":102},[47,148012,99],{"class":98},[47,148014,128],{"class":61},[47,148016,876],{"class":65},[47,148018,128],{"class":61},[47,148020,5556],{"class":98},[47,148022,57830],{"class":3857},[47,148024,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148026,95],{"class":94},[47,148028,99],{"class":98},[47,148030,17698],{"class":102},[47,148032,445],{"class":98},[47,148034,41449],{"class":102},[47,148036,99],{"class":98},[47,148038,128],{"class":61},[47,148040,22721],{"class":65},[47,148042,128],{"class":61},[47,148044,5556],{"class":98},[47,148046,51432],{"class":3857},[20,148048,20154],{},[187,148050,148051,148056],{},[190,148052,148053,148055],{},[15,148054,65577],{}," appears 2 times",[190,148057,148058,148060,148061],{},[15,148059,109724],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148062,2321],{},[33,148064,11670],{"id":11669},[20,148066,148067],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[38,148069,148071],{"className":40,"code":148070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148072,148073,148121,148125,148147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148074,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095,148097,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148076,36433],{"class":53},[47,148078,58],{"class":57},[47,148080,9428],{"class":98},[47,148082,128],{"class":61},[47,148084,4272],{"class":65},[47,148086,128],{"class":61},[47,148088,136],{"class":98},[47,148090,62],{"class":61},[47,148092,4281],{"class":65},[47,148094,128],{"class":61},[47,148096,136],{"class":98},[47,148098,62],{"class":61},[47,148100,4272],{"class":65},[47,148102,128],{"class":61},[47,148104,136],{"class":98},[47,148106,62],{"class":61},[47,148108,33418],{"class":65},[47,148110,128],{"class":61},[47,148112,136],{"class":98},[47,148114,62],{"class":61},[47,148116,4272],{"class":65},[47,148118,128],{"class":61},[47,148120,106],{"class":98},[47,148122,148123],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148124,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,148126,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148128,1290],{"class":53},[47,148130,58],{"class":57},[47,148132,53036],{"class":53},[47,148134,445],{"class":98},[47,148136,41449],{"class":102},[47,148138,99],{"class":98},[47,148140,128],{"class":61},[47,148142,4272],{"class":65},[47,148144,128],{"class":61},[47,148146,106],{"class":98},[47,148148,148149,148151,148153,148155],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,148150,95],{"class":94},[47,148152,99],{"class":98},[47,148154,1315],{"class":102},[47,148156,106],{"class":98},[20,148158,144],{},[38,148160,148161],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,148162,148163],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148164,148165],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148166,46804],{"class":80},[20,148168,148169,148171,148172,1270,148174,445],{},[15,148170,58017],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148173,57475],{},[15,148175,2263],{},[33,148177,38212],{"id":38211},[20,148179,57729,148180,128663],{},[15,148181,57475],{},[187,148183,148184,148189,148194,148197],{},[190,148185,11618,148186,148188],{},[15,148187,2321],{}," when the value does not exist",[190,148190,11618,148191,148193],{},[15,148192,1476],{}," when the value appears once",[190,148195,148196],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[190,148198,148199,148200,148202],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148201,7192],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148204,204],{},[38,148206,148208],{"className":40,"code":148207,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148209,148210,148251,148255,148282],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148211,148212,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148213,148214],{"class":53},"answers ",[47,148216,58],{"class":57},[47,148218,9428],{"class":98},[47,148220,128],{"class":61},[47,148222,8851],{"class":65},[47,148224,128],{"class":61},[47,148226,136],{"class":98},[47,148228,62],{"class":61},[47,148230,8790],{"class":65},[47,148232,128],{"class":61},[47,148234,136],{"class":98},[47,148236,62],{"class":61},[47,148238,8851],{"class":65},[47,148240,128],{"class":61},[47,148242,136],{"class":98},[47,148244,62],{"class":61},[47,148246,8851],{"class":65},[47,148248,128],{"class":61},[47,148250,106],{"class":98},[47,148252,148253],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148254,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,148256,148257,148259,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148278,148280],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148258,7192],{"class":1461},[47,148260,148261],{"class":53}," answers",[47,148263,445],{"class":98},[47,148265,41449],{"class":102},[47,148267,99],{"class":98},[47,148269,128],{"class":61},[47,148271,8851],{"class":65},[47,148273,128],{"class":61},[47,148275,3854],{"class":98},[47,148277,38588],{"class":57},[47,148279,1545],{"class":80},[47,148281,6586],{"class":98},[47,148283,148284,148286,148288,148290,148293,148295],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,148285,1499],{"class":94},[47,148287,99],{"class":98},[47,148289,128],{"class":61},[47,148291,148292],{"class":65},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[47,148294,128],{"class":61},[47,148296,106],{"class":98},[20,148298,144],{},[38,148300,148302],{"className":40,"code":148301,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148303,148304],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148305,148306,148309,148311,148313,148315,148318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148307,148308],{"class":53},"The answer ",[47,148310,3493],{"class":61},[47,148312,8851],{"class":65},[47,148314,3493],{"class":61},[47,148316,148317],{"class":53}," appears more than once",[47,148319,122307],{"class":98},[33,148321,41236],{"id":41235},[20,148323,35600,148324,104491],{},[15,148325,147800],{},[187,148327,148328,148331,148334,148337],{},[190,148329,148330],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[190,148332,148333],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[190,148335,148336],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[190,148338,148339],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148341,204],{},[38,148343,148345],{"className":40,"code":148344,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148346,148347,148375,148379,148401],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148348,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148350,5261],{"class":53},[47,148352,58],{"class":57},[47,148354,9428],{"class":98},[47,148356,582],{"class":80},[47,148358,136],{"class":98},[47,148360,7986],{"class":80},[47,148362,136],{"class":98},[47,148364,373],{"class":80},[47,148366,136],{"class":98},[47,148368,7991],{"class":80},[47,148370,136],{"class":98},[47,148372,373],{"class":80},[47,148374,106],{"class":98},[47,148376,148377],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148378,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,148380,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148382,7192],{"class":1461},[47,148384,5307],{"class":53},[47,148386,445],{"class":98},[47,148388,41449],{"class":102},[47,148390,99],{"class":98},[47,148392,582],{"class":80},[47,148394,3854],{"class":98},[47,148396,51473],{"class":57},[47,148398,1562],{"class":80},[47,148400,6586],{"class":98},[47,148402,148403,148405,148407,148409,148412,148414],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,148404,1499],{"class":94},[47,148406,99],{"class":98},[47,148408,128],{"class":61},[47,148410,148411],{"class":65},"The score 10 is repeated.",[47,148413,128],{"class":61},[47,148415,106],{"class":98},[20,148417,144],{},[38,148419,148421],{"className":40,"code":148420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148422,148423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148424,148425,148428,148430,148432,148435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148426,148427],{"class":53},"The score ",[47,148429,582],{"class":80},[47,148431,8291],{"class":57},[47,148433,148434],{"class":53}," repeated",[47,148436,122307],{"class":98},[33,148438,148440],{"id":148439},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148442,148443],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[187,148445,148446,148452,148457,148460],{},[190,148447,148448,148449,148451],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148450,57475],{}," still works because it only reads data",[190,148453,148454,148456],{},[15,148455,57475],{}," counts exact matches",[190,148458,148459],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[190,148461,148462,839,148464,148466],{},[15,148463,1476],{},[15,148465,42348],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148468,204],{},[38,148470,148472],{"className":40,"code":148471,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148473,148474,148508,148512,148532,148556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148475,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486,148489,148491,148493,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148477,4015],{"class":53},[47,148479,58],{"class":57},[47,148481,9428],{"class":98},[47,148483,1476],{"class":80},[47,148485,136],{"class":98},[47,148487,148488],{"class":80}," 1.0",[47,148490,136],{"class":98},[47,148492,62],{"class":61},[47,148494,148495],{"class":65},"Cat",[47,148497,128],{"class":61},[47,148499,136],{"class":98},[47,148501,62],{"class":61},[47,148503,37239],{"class":65},[47,148505,128],{"class":61},[47,148507,106],{"class":98},[47,148509,148510],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148511,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,148513,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148515,95],{"class":94},[47,148517,99],{"class":98},[47,148519,5553],{"class":102},[47,148521,445],{"class":98},[47,148523,41449],{"class":102},[47,148525,99],{"class":98},[47,148527,1476],{"class":80},[47,148529,5556],{"class":98},[47,148531,51279],{"class":3857},[47,148533,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,148535,95],{"class":94},[47,148537,99],{"class":98},[47,148539,5553],{"class":102},[47,148541,445],{"class":98},[47,148543,41449],{"class":102},[47,148545,99],{"class":98},[47,148547,128],{"class":61},[47,148549,148495],{"class":65},[47,148551,128],{"class":61},[47,148553,5556],{"class":98},[47,148555,27979],{"class":3857},[47,148557,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574,148576,148578],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,148559,95],{"class":94},[47,148561,99],{"class":98},[47,148563,5553],{"class":102},[47,148565,445],{"class":98},[47,148567,41449],{"class":102},[47,148569,99],{"class":98},[47,148571,128],{"class":61},[47,148573,37239],{"class":65},[47,148575,128],{"class":61},[47,148577,5556],{"class":98},[47,148579,27979],{"class":3857},[20,148581,2002,148582,2006,148585,2009],{},[15,148583,148584],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148586,243],{},[20,148588,8979,148589,4980,148592,148594],{},[15,148590,148591],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148593,3795],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[33,148596,1595],{"id":1594},[447,148598,1654,148600,148602],{"id":148599},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148601,41449],{}," without parentheses",[20,148604,148605],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[38,148607,148609],{"className":40,"code":148608,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148610,148611,148635],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148612,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148614,3810],{"class":53},[47,148616,58],{"class":57},[47,148618,9428],{"class":98},[47,148620,1476],{"class":80},[47,148622,136],{"class":98},[47,148624,1562],{"class":80},[47,148626,136],{"class":98},[47,148628,1562],{"class":80},[47,148630,136],{"class":98},[47,148632,249],{"class":80},[47,148634,106],{"class":98},[47,148636,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148638,95],{"class":94},[47,148640,99],{"class":98},[47,148642,195],{"class":102},[47,148644,445],{"class":98},[47,148646,41449],{"class":24948},[47,148648,106],{"class":98},[20,148650,148651],{},"To call the method correctly:",[38,148653,148655],{"className":40,"code":148654,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148656,148657],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148658,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671,148673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148660,95],{"class":94},[47,148662,99],{"class":98},[47,148664,195],{"class":102},[47,148666,445],{"class":98},[47,148668,41449],{"class":102},[47,148670,99],{"class":98},[47,148672,243],{"class":80},[47,148674,1796],{"class":98},[447,148676,1807,148677,8648,148679,3072,148681],{"id":58777},[15,148678,57475],{},[15,148680,3795],{},[15,148682,3868],{},[20,148684,148685,58788],{},[15,148686,57475],{},[38,148688,148690],{"className":40,"code":148689,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148691,148692,148724,148746,148750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148693,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148695,36284],{"class":53},[47,148697,58],{"class":57},[47,148699,9428],{"class":98},[47,148701,128],{"class":61},[47,148703,594],{"class":65},[47,148705,128],{"class":61},[47,148707,136],{"class":98},[47,148709,62],{"class":61},[47,148711,4957],{"class":65},[47,148713,128],{"class":61},[47,148715,136],{"class":98},[47,148717,62],{"class":61},[47,148719,594],{"class":65},[47,148721,128],{"class":61},[47,148723,106],{"class":98},[47,148725,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148727,1290],{"class":53},[47,148729,58],{"class":57},[47,148731,70280],{"class":53},[47,148733,445],{"class":98},[47,148735,41449],{"class":102},[47,148737,99],{"class":98},[47,148739,128],{"class":61},[47,148741,594],{"class":65},[47,148743,128],{"class":61},[47,148745,106],{"class":98},[47,148747,148748],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148749,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,148751,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,148753,95],{"class":94},[47,148755,99],{"class":98},[47,148757,1315],{"class":102},[47,148759,3854],{"class":98},[47,148761,51600],{"class":3857},[20,148763,148764,148765,148767],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148766,1468],{}," is often simpler:",[38,148769,148771],{"className":40,"code":148770,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148772,148773],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148774,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148776,95],{"class":94},[47,148778,99],{"class":98},[47,148780,128],{"class":61},[47,148782,594],{"class":65},[47,148784,128],{"class":61},[47,148786,21371],{"class":1461},[47,148788,70280],{"class":102},[47,148790,3854],{"class":98},[47,148792,3858],{"class":3857},[447,148794,37396,148796,8898,148798],{"id":148795},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148797,147800],{},[15,148799,57480],{},[20,148801,148802],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148804,148805],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[447,148807,148809],{"id":148808},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148811,148812,148814],{},[15,148813,57475],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[38,148816,148818],{"className":40,"code":148817,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148819,148820,148853,148879],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148821,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836,148838,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148823,4263],{"class":53},[47,148825,58],{"class":57},[47,148827,9428],{"class":98},[47,148829,128],{"class":61},[47,148831,4272],{"class":65},[47,148833,128],{"class":61},[47,148835,136],{"class":98},[47,148837,62],{"class":61},[47,148839,148840],{"class":65},"pineapple",[47,148842,128],{"class":61},[47,148844,136],{"class":98},[47,148846,62],{"class":61},[47,148848,4272],{"class":65},[47,148850,128],{"class":61},[47,148852,106],{"class":98},[47,148854,148855,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869,148872,148874,148876],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148856,95],{"class":94},[47,148858,99],{"class":98},[47,148860,4307],{"class":102},[47,148862,445],{"class":98},[47,148864,41449],{"class":102},[47,148866,99],{"class":98},[47,148868,128],{"class":61},[47,148870,148871],{"class":65},"app",[47,148873,128],{"class":61},[47,148875,5556],{"class":98},[47,148877,148878],{"class":3857},"    # 0\n",[47,148880,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148882,95],{"class":94},[47,148884,99],{"class":98},[47,148886,4307],{"class":102},[47,148888,445],{"class":98},[47,148890,41449],{"class":102},[47,148892,99],{"class":98},[47,148894,128],{"class":61},[47,148896,4272],{"class":65},[47,148898,128],{"class":61},[47,148900,5556],{"class":98},[47,148902,51600],{"class":3857},[20,148904,148905,148908,148909,445],{},[15,148906,148907],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148910,2321],{},[33,148912,148914],{"id":148913},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148916,148917],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[187,148919,148920,148925,148934,148940],{},[190,148921,167,148922,148924],{},[15,148923,1468],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[190,148926,167,148927,148933],{},[594,148928,148930,148931],{"href":148929},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148932,59152],{}," to find the position of a value",[190,148935,167,148936,148939],{},[15,148937,148938],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[190,148941,148942],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148944,46228,148945,420],{},[15,148946,1468],{},[38,148948,148950],{"className":40,"code":148949,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148951,148952,148972,148976,148992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,148953,148954,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,148955,3810],{"class":53},[47,148957,58],{"class":57},[47,148959,9428],{"class":98},[47,148961,2700],{"class":80},[47,148963,136],{"class":98},[47,148965,6188],{"class":80},[47,148967,136],{"class":98},[47,148969,54320],{"class":80},[47,148971,106],{"class":98},[47,148973,148974],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,148975,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,148977,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,148979,95],{"class":94},[47,148981,99],{"class":98},[47,148983,2227],{"class":80},[47,148985,21371],{"class":1461},[47,148987,4457],{"class":102},[47,148989,3854],{"class":98},[47,148991,44045],{"class":3857},[47,148993,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004,149006],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,148995,95],{"class":94},[47,148997,99],{"class":98},[47,148999,232],{"class":80},[47,149001,21371],{"class":1461},[47,149003,4457],{"class":102},[47,149005,3854],{"class":98},[47,149007,44062],{"class":3857},[20,149009,46228,149010,420],{},[15,149011,59152],{},[38,149013,149015],{"className":40,"code":149014,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149016,149017,149041],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149018,149019,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031,149033,149035,149037,149039],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149020,3810],{"class":53},[47,149022,58],{"class":57},[47,149024,9428],{"class":98},[47,149026,2700],{"class":80},[47,149028,136],{"class":98},[47,149030,6188],{"class":80},[47,149032,136],{"class":98},[47,149034,54320],{"class":80},[47,149036,136],{"class":98},[47,149038,6188],{"class":80},[47,149040,106],{"class":98},[47,149042,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057,149059],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149044,95],{"class":94},[47,149046,99],{"class":98},[47,149048,195],{"class":102},[47,149050,445],{"class":98},[47,149052,36041],{"class":102},[47,149054,99],{"class":98},[47,149056,2227],{"class":80},[47,149058,5556],{"class":98},[47,149060,27979],{"class":3857},[20,149062,149063,149065,149066,149068,149070],{},[15,149064,57475],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10038,149067],{},[15,149069,59152],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[33,149072,1969],{"id":1968},[447,149074,5339,149076,5342],{"id":149075},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149077,147800],{},[20,149079,149080],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[447,149082,1973,149084,149086],{"id":149083},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149085,147800],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149088,149089],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[447,149091,149093],{"id":149092},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149095,12106,149096,445],{},[15,149097,2321],{},[447,149099,1989,149101,149103],{"id":149100},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149102,147800],{}," count strings?",[20,149105,149106],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[447,149108,2055,149110,839,149112,2009],{"id":149109},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149111,147800],{},[15,149113,149114],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149116,149117,149119,149120,149122],{},[15,149118,57475],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149121,59152],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[33,149124,2075],{"id":2074},[187,149126,149127,149131,149136,149143,149151],{},[190,149128,149129],{},[594,149130,147909],{"href":147908},[190,149132,149133],{},[594,149134,149135],{"href":147912},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[190,149137,149138],{},[594,149139,149140,149141,10934],{"href":148929},"Python tuple ",[15,149142,59152],{},[190,149144,149145],{},[594,149146,149148,149149],{"href":149147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149150,42550],{},[190,149152,149153],{},[594,149154,59140],{"href":59139},[2110,149156,149157],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":149159},[149160,149162,149165,149166,149167,149168,149169,149177,149178,149189],{"id":147876,"depth":72,"text":149161},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147916,"depth":72,"text":147917,"children":149163},[149164],{"id":103027,"depth":84,"text":103028},{"id":11669,"depth":72,"text":11670},{"id":38211,"depth":72,"text":38212},{"id":41235,"depth":72,"text":41236},{"id":148439,"depth":72,"text":148440},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":149170},[149171,149173,149174,149176],{"id":148599,"depth":84,"text":149172},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58777,"depth":84,"text":59193},{"id":148795,"depth":84,"text":149175},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148808,"depth":84,"text":148809},{"id":148913,"depth":72,"text":148914},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":149179},[149180,149182,149184,149185,149187],{"id":149075,"depth":84,"text":149181},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149083,"depth":84,"text":149183},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149092,"depth":84,"text":149093},{"id":149100,"depth":84,"text":149186},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149109,"depth":84,"text":149188},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147787,"description":149190},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149197,"title":149198,"body":149199,"description":150886,"extension":2167,"meta":150887,"navigation":87,"path":150888,"seo":150889,"stem":150890,"__hash__":150891},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149200,"toc":150849},[149201,149204,149207,149216,149218,149348,149350,149411,149417,149419,149439,149443,149446,149449,149484,149486,149507,149510,149549,149551,149576,149583,149587,149590,149627,149629,149652,149655,149658,149670,149676,149680,149683,149689,149730,149732,149755,149758,149799,149801,149828,149830,149847,149849,149866,149869,149873,149876,149878,149912,149914,149961,149965,150004,150008,150011,150068,150070,150111,150117,150123,150128,150130,150167,150169,150189,150191,150224,150226,150259,150262,150266,150299,150301,150326,150329,150331,150345,150352,150354,150357,150361,150364,150399,150402,150437,150441,150444,150483,150486,150525,150529,150531,150561,150564,150571,150573,150605,150608,150640,150643,150674,150676,150693,150697,150700,150764,150766,150770,150777,150781,150784,150788,150791,150795,150798,150803,150809,150811,150846],[10,149202,149198],{"id":149203},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149205,149206],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149208,149209,149210,3072,149214,445],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[594,149211,149213],{"href":149212},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[594,149215,147909],{"href":147908},[33,149217,36],{"id":35},[38,149219,149221],{"className":40,"code":149220,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149222,149223,149243,149252,149266,149302,149306,149316,149326,149337],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149224,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235,149237,149239,149241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149226,3810],{"class":53},[47,149228,58],{"class":57},[47,149230,9428],{"class":98},[47,149232,1476],{"class":80},[47,149234,136],{"class":98},[47,149236,1562],{"class":80},[47,149238,136],{"class":98},[47,149240,249],{"class":80},[47,149242,106],{"class":98},[47,149244,149245,149247,149249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149246,124773],{"class":53},[47,149248,58],{"class":57},[47,149250,149251],{"class":98}," ()\n",[47,149253,149254,149257,149259,149261,149263],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,149255,149256],{"class":53},"one_item ",[47,149258,58],{"class":57},[47,149260,9428],{"class":98},[47,149262,232],{"class":80},[47,149264,149265],{"class":98},",)\n",[47,149267,149268,149271,149273,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296,149298,149300],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,149269,149270],{"class":53},"from_list ",[47,149272,58],{"class":57},[47,149274,149275],{"class":1788}," tuple",[47,149277,3178],{"class":98},[47,149279,128],{"class":61},[47,149281,594],{"class":65},[47,149283,128],{"class":61},[47,149285,136],{"class":98},[47,149287,62],{"class":61},[47,149289,4957],{"class":65},[47,149291,128],{"class":61},[47,149293,136],{"class":98},[47,149295,62],{"class":61},[47,149297,9931],{"class":65},[47,149299,128],{"class":61},[47,149301,4080],{"class":98},[47,149303,149304],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,149305,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,149307,149308,149310,149312,149314],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,149309,95],{"class":94},[47,149311,99],{"class":98},[47,149313,195],{"class":102},[47,149315,106],{"class":98},[47,149317,149318,149320,149322,149324],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,149319,95],{"class":94},[47,149321,99],{"class":98},[47,149323,124824],{"class":102},[47,149325,106],{"class":98},[47,149327,149328,149330,149332,149335],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,149329,95],{"class":94},[47,149331,99],{"class":98},[47,149333,149334],{"class":102},"one_item",[47,149336,106],{"class":98},[47,149338,149339,149341,149343,149346],{"class":49,"line":6625},[47,149340,95],{"class":94},[47,149342,99],{"class":98},[47,149344,149345],{"class":102},"from_list",[47,149347,106],{"class":98},[20,149349,144],{},[38,149351,149353],{"className":40,"code":149352,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149354,149355,149371,149375,149383],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149356,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149358,99],{"class":98},[47,149360,1476],{"class":80},[47,149362,136],{"class":98},[47,149364,1562],{"class":80},[47,149366,136],{"class":98},[47,149368,249],{"class":80},[47,149370,106],{"class":98},[47,149372,149373],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149374,8836],{"class":98},[47,149376,149377,149379,149381],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,149378,99],{"class":98},[47,149380,232],{"class":80},[47,149382,149265],{"class":98},[47,149384,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,149386,99],{"class":98},[47,149388,3493],{"class":61},[47,149390,594],{"class":65},[47,149392,3493],{"class":61},[47,149394,136],{"class":98},[47,149396,3488],{"class":61},[47,149398,4957],{"class":65},[47,149400,3493],{"class":61},[47,149402,136],{"class":98},[47,149404,3488],{"class":61},[47,149406,9931],{"class":65},[47,149408,3493],{"class":61},[47,149410,106],{"class":98},[20,149412,149413,149414,445],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149415,149416],{},"(5,)",[33,149418,15357],{"id":15356},[187,149420,149421,149424,149427,149430,149433,149436],{},[190,149422,149423],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[190,149425,149426],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[190,149428,149429],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[190,149431,149432],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[190,149434,149435],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[190,149437,149438],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[33,149440,149442],{"id":149441},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149444,149445],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149447,149448],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[38,149450,149452],{"className":40,"code":149451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149453,149454,149474],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149455,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149457,3810],{"class":53},[47,149459,58],{"class":57},[47,149461,9428],{"class":98},[47,149463,1476],{"class":80},[47,149465,136],{"class":98},[47,149467,1562],{"class":80},[47,149469,136],{"class":98},[47,149471,249],{"class":80},[47,149473,106],{"class":98},[47,149475,149476,149478,149480,149482],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149477,95],{"class":94},[47,149479,99],{"class":98},[47,149481,195],{"class":102},[47,149483,106],{"class":98},[20,149485,144],{},[38,149487,149489],{"className":40,"code":149488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149490,149491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149492,149493,149495,149497,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149494,99],{"class":98},[47,149496,1476],{"class":80},[47,149498,136],{"class":98},[47,149500,1562],{"class":80},[47,149502,136],{"class":98},[47,149504,249],{"class":80},[47,149506,106],{"class":98},[20,149508,149509],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[38,149511,149513],{"className":40,"code":149512,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149514,149515,149539],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149516,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535,149537],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149518,9359],{"class":53},[47,149520,58],{"class":57},[47,149522,9428],{"class":98},[47,149524,1476],{"class":80},[47,149526,136],{"class":98},[47,149528,62],{"class":61},[47,149530,4272],{"class":65},[47,149532,128],{"class":61},[47,149534,136],{"class":98},[47,149536,4108],{"class":1334},[47,149538,106],{"class":98},[47,149540,149541,149543,149545,149547],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149542,95],{"class":94},[47,149544,99],{"class":98},[47,149546,9396],{"class":102},[47,149548,106],{"class":98},[20,149550,144],{},[38,149552,149554],{"className":40,"code":149553,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149555,149556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149557,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149559,99],{"class":98},[47,149561,1476],{"class":80},[47,149563,136],{"class":98},[47,149565,3488],{"class":61},[47,149567,4272],{"class":65},[47,149569,3493],{"class":61},[47,149571,136],{"class":98},[47,149573,4108],{"class":1334},[47,149575,106],{"class":98},[20,149577,149578,149579,445],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[594,149580,149582],{"href":149581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[33,149584,149586],{"id":149585},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149588,149589],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[38,149591,149593],{"className":40,"code":149592,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149594,149595,149603,149613],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149596,149597,149599,149601],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149598,124773],{"class":53},[47,149600,58],{"class":57},[47,149602,149251],{"class":98},[47,149604,149605,149607,149609,149611],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149606,95],{"class":94},[47,149608,99],{"class":98},[47,149610,124824],{"class":102},[47,149612,106],{"class":98},[47,149614,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,149616,95],{"class":94},[47,149618,99],{"class":98},[47,149620,1922],{"class":1788},[47,149622,99],{"class":98},[47,149624,124824],{"class":102},[47,149626,1796],{"class":98},[20,149628,144],{},[38,149630,149632],{"className":40,"code":149631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149633,149634,149638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149635,149636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149637,8836],{"class":98},[47,149639,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648,149650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149641,3482],{"class":57},[47,149643,3485],{"class":2266},[47,149645,3488],{"class":61},[47,149647,49139],{"class":65},[47,149649,3493],{"class":61},[47,149651,3496],{"class":57},[20,149653,149654],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149656,149657],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[187,149659,149660,149665],{},[190,149661,149662,149663],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149664,7561],{},[190,149666,149667,149668],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149669,3979],{},[20,149671,149672,149673,445],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[594,149674,149675],{"href":57338},"Python list: creating a list",[33,149677,149679],{"id":149678},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149681,149682],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149684,149685,149686,149688],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[280,149687,4826],{}," automatically a tuple:",[38,149690,149692],{"className":40,"code":149691,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149693,149694,149706,149716],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149695,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149697,2644],{"class":53},[47,149699,58],{"class":57},[47,149701,9428],{"class":98},[47,149703,232],{"class":80},[47,149705,106],{"class":98},[47,149707,149708,149710,149712,149714],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149709,95],{"class":94},[47,149711,99],{"class":98},[47,149713,2668],{"class":102},[47,149715,106],{"class":98},[47,149717,149718,149720,149722,149724,149726,149728],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,149719,95],{"class":94},[47,149721,99],{"class":98},[47,149723,1922],{"class":1788},[47,149725,99],{"class":98},[47,149727,2668],{"class":102},[47,149729,1796],{"class":98},[20,149731,144],{},[38,149733,149735],{"className":40,"code":149734,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149736,149737,149741],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149738,149739],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149740,268],{"class":80},[47,149742,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149744,3482],{"class":57},[47,149746,3485],{"class":2266},[47,149748,3488],{"class":61},[47,149750,2389],{"class":65},[47,149752,3493],{"class":61},[47,149754,3496],{"class":57},[20,149756,149757],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[38,149759,149761],{"className":40,"code":149760,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149762,149763,149775,149785],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149764,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149766,149256],{"class":53},[47,149768,58],{"class":57},[47,149770,9428],{"class":98},[47,149772,232],{"class":80},[47,149774,149265],{"class":98},[47,149776,149777,149779,149781,149783],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149778,95],{"class":94},[47,149780,99],{"class":98},[47,149782,149334],{"class":102},[47,149784,106],{"class":98},[47,149786,149787,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,149788,95],{"class":94},[47,149790,99],{"class":98},[47,149792,1922],{"class":1788},[47,149794,99],{"class":98},[47,149796,149334],{"class":102},[47,149798,1796],{"class":98},[20,149800,144],{},[38,149802,149804],{"className":40,"code":149803,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149805,149806,149814],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149807,149808,149810,149812],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149809,99],{"class":98},[47,149811,232],{"class":80},[47,149813,149265],{"class":98},[47,149815,149816,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149817,3482],{"class":57},[47,149819,3485],{"class":2266},[47,149821,3488],{"class":61},[47,149823,49139],{"class":65},[47,149825,3493],{"class":61},[47,149827,3496],{"class":57},[20,149829,16851],{},[38,149831,149833],{"className":40,"code":149832,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149834,149835],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149836,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149838,99],{"class":98},[47,149840,128],{"class":61},[47,149842,4272],{"class":65},[47,149844,128],{"class":61},[47,149846,149265],{"class":98},[20,149848,16839],{},[38,149850,149852],{"className":40,"code":149851,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149853,149854],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149855,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149857,99],{"class":98},[47,149859,128],{"class":61},[47,149861,4272],{"class":65},[47,149863,128],{"class":61},[47,149865,106],{"class":98},[20,149867,149868],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[33,149870,149872],{"id":149871},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149874,149875],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[447,149877,56646],{"id":195},[38,149879,149880],{"className":40,"code":149451,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,149881,149882,149902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149883,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149885,3810],{"class":53},[47,149887,58],{"class":57},[47,149889,9428],{"class":98},[47,149891,1476],{"class":80},[47,149893,136],{"class":98},[47,149895,1562],{"class":80},[47,149897,136],{"class":98},[47,149899,249],{"class":80},[47,149901,106],{"class":98},[47,149903,149904,149906,149908,149910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149905,95],{"class":94},[47,149907,99],{"class":98},[47,149909,195],{"class":102},[47,149911,106],{"class":98},[447,149913,56649],{"id":5503},[38,149915,149917],{"className":40,"code":149916,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149918,149919,149951],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149920,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149922,13271],{"class":53},[47,149924,58],{"class":57},[47,149926,9428],{"class":98},[47,149928,128],{"class":61},[47,149930,876],{"class":65},[47,149932,128],{"class":61},[47,149934,136],{"class":98},[47,149936,62],{"class":61},[47,149938,885],{"class":65},[47,149940,128],{"class":61},[47,149942,136],{"class":98},[47,149944,62],{"class":61},[47,149946,894],{"class":65},[47,149948,128],{"class":61},[47,149950,106],{"class":98},[47,149952,149953,149955,149957,149959],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149954,95],{"class":94},[47,149956,99],{"class":98},[47,149958,17698],{"class":102},[47,149960,106],{"class":98},[447,149962,149964],{"id":149963},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[38,149966,149968],{"className":40,"code":149967,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149969,149970,149994],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,149971,149972,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,149973,59657],{"class":53},[47,149975,58],{"class":57},[47,149977,9428],{"class":98},[47,149979,1476],{"class":80},[47,149981,136],{"class":98},[47,149983,62],{"class":61},[47,149985,4272],{"class":65},[47,149987,128],{"class":61},[47,149989,136],{"class":98},[47,149991,4108],{"class":1334},[47,149993,106],{"class":98},[47,149995,149996,149998,150000,150002],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,149997,95],{"class":94},[47,149999,99],{"class":98},[47,150001,59710],{"class":102},[47,150003,106],{"class":98},[447,150005,150007],{"id":150006},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150009,150010],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[38,150012,150014],{"className":40,"code":150013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150015,150016,150057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150017,150018,150021,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150019,150020],{"class":53},"nested ",[47,150022,58],{"class":57},[47,150024,9428],{"class":98},[47,150026,1476],{"class":80},[47,150028,136],{"class":98},[47,150030,9428],{"class":98},[47,150032,128],{"class":61},[47,150034,594],{"class":65},[47,150036,128],{"class":61},[47,150038,136],{"class":98},[47,150040,62],{"class":61},[47,150042,4957],{"class":65},[47,150044,128],{"class":61},[47,150046,9425],{"class":98},[47,150048,3815],{"class":98},[47,150050,582],{"class":80},[47,150052,136],{"class":98},[47,150054,7986],{"class":80},[47,150056,4080],{"class":98},[47,150058,150059,150061,150063,150066],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150060,95],{"class":94},[47,150062,99],{"class":98},[47,150064,150065],{"class":102},"nested",[47,150067,106],{"class":98},[20,150069,144],{},[38,150071,150073],{"className":40,"code":150072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150074,150075],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150076,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150078,99],{"class":98},[47,150080,1476],{"class":80},[47,150082,136],{"class":98},[47,150084,9428],{"class":98},[47,150086,3493],{"class":61},[47,150088,594],{"class":65},[47,150090,3493],{"class":61},[47,150092,136],{"class":98},[47,150094,3488],{"class":61},[47,150096,4957],{"class":65},[47,150098,3493],{"class":61},[47,150100,9425],{"class":98},[47,150102,3815],{"class":98},[47,150104,582],{"class":80},[47,150106,136],{"class":98},[47,150108,7986],{"class":80},[47,150110,4080],{"class":98},[33,150112,150114,150115],{"id":150113},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150116,38238],{},[20,150118,150119,150120,150122],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150121,38238],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150124,150125,150126,445],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[594,150127,63403],{"href":63402},[447,150129,105168],{"id":105167},[38,150131,150133],{"className":40,"code":150132,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150134,150135,150157],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150136,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150138,3810],{"class":53},[47,150140,58],{"class":57},[47,150142,149275],{"class":1788},[47,150144,3178],{"class":98},[47,150146,1476],{"class":80},[47,150148,136],{"class":98},[47,150150,1562],{"class":80},[47,150152,136],{"class":98},[47,150154,249],{"class":80},[47,150156,4080],{"class":98},[47,150158,150159,150161,150163,150165],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150160,95],{"class":94},[47,150162,99],{"class":98},[47,150164,195],{"class":102},[47,150166,106],{"class":98},[20,150168,144],{},[38,150170,150171],{"className":40,"code":149488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150172,150173],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150174,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150176,99],{"class":98},[47,150178,1476],{"class":80},[47,150180,136],{"class":98},[47,150182,1562],{"class":80},[47,150184,136],{"class":98},[47,150186,249],{"class":80},[47,150188,106],{"class":98},[447,150190,105354],{"id":105353},[38,150192,150194],{"className":40,"code":150193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150195,150196,150214],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150197,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150199,36284],{"class":53},[47,150201,58],{"class":57},[47,150203,149275],{"class":1788},[47,150205,99],{"class":98},[47,150207,128],{"class":61},[47,150209,41750],{"class":65},[47,150211,128],{"class":61},[47,150213,106],{"class":98},[47,150215,150216,150218,150220,150222],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150217,95],{"class":94},[47,150219,99],{"class":98},[47,150221,36337],{"class":102},[47,150223,106],{"class":98},[20,150225,144],{},[38,150227,150229],{"className":40,"code":150228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150230,150231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150232,150233,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150234,99],{"class":98},[47,150236,3493],{"class":61},[47,150238,594],{"class":65},[47,150240,3493],{"class":61},[47,150242,136],{"class":98},[47,150244,3488],{"class":61},[47,150246,4957],{"class":65},[47,150248,3493],{"class":61},[47,150250,136],{"class":98},[47,150252,3488],{"class":61},[47,150254,9931],{"class":65},[47,150256,3493],{"class":61},[47,150258,106],{"class":98},[20,150260,150261],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[447,150263,150265],{"id":150264},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[38,150267,150269],{"className":40,"code":150268,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150270,150271,150289],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150272,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150274,4015],{"class":53},[47,150276,58],{"class":57},[47,150278,149275],{"class":1788},[47,150280,99],{"class":98},[47,150282,60183],{"class":94},[47,150284,99],{"class":98},[47,150286,2700],{"class":80},[47,150288,1796],{"class":98},[47,150290,150291,150293,150295,150297],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150292,95],{"class":94},[47,150294,99],{"class":98},[47,150296,5553],{"class":102},[47,150298,106],{"class":98},[20,150300,144],{},[38,150302,150304],{"className":40,"code":150303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150305,150306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150307,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150309,99],{"class":98},[47,150311,2321],{"class":80},[47,150313,136],{"class":98},[47,150315,1545],{"class":80},[47,150317,136],{"class":98},[47,150319,1562],{"class":80},[47,150321,136],{"class":98},[47,150323,249],{"class":80},[47,150325,106],{"class":98},[20,150327,150328],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[33,150330,20998],{"id":20997},[187,150332,150333,150336,150339,150342],{},[190,150334,150335],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[190,150337,150338],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[190,150340,150341],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[190,150343,150344],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150346,150347,150348,445],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[594,150349,150351],{"href":150350},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[33,150353,1595],{"id":1594},[20,150355,150356],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[447,150358,150360],{"id":150359},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150362,150363],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[38,150365,150367],{"className":40,"code":150366,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150368,150369,150385],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150370,150371,150373,150375,150377,150379,150381,150383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150372,28738],{"class":53},[47,150374,58],{"class":57},[47,150376,9428],{"class":98},[47,150378,128],{"class":61},[47,150380,4272],{"class":65},[47,150382,128],{"class":61},[47,150384,106],{"class":98},[47,150386,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150388,95],{"class":94},[47,150390,99],{"class":98},[47,150392,1922],{"class":1788},[47,150394,99],{"class":98},[47,150396,23508],{"class":102},[47,150398,1796],{"class":98},[20,150400,150401],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[38,150403,150405],{"className":40,"code":150404,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150406,150407,150423],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150408,150409,150411,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150410,28738],{"class":53},[47,150412,58],{"class":57},[47,150414,9428],{"class":98},[47,150416,128],{"class":61},[47,150418,4272],{"class":65},[47,150420,128],{"class":61},[47,150422,149265],{"class":98},[47,150424,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150426,95],{"class":94},[47,150428,99],{"class":98},[47,150430,1922],{"class":1788},[47,150432,99],{"class":98},[47,150434,23508],{"class":102},[47,150436,1796],{"class":98},[447,150438,150440],{"id":150439},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150442,150443],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[38,150445,150447],{"className":40,"code":150446,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150448,150449,150469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150450,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459,150461,150463,150465,150467],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150452,4015],{"class":53},[47,150454,58],{"class":57},[47,150456,3815],{"class":98},[47,150458,1476],{"class":80},[47,150460,136],{"class":98},[47,150462,1562],{"class":80},[47,150464,136],{"class":98},[47,150466,249],{"class":80},[47,150468,3828],{"class":98},[47,150470,150471,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150472,95],{"class":94},[47,150474,99],{"class":98},[47,150476,1922],{"class":1788},[47,150478,99],{"class":98},[47,150480,5553],{"class":102},[47,150482,1796],{"class":98},[20,150484,150485],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[38,150487,150489],{"className":40,"code":150488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150490,150491,150511],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150492,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150494,4015],{"class":53},[47,150496,58],{"class":57},[47,150498,9428],{"class":98},[47,150500,1476],{"class":80},[47,150502,136],{"class":98},[47,150504,1562],{"class":80},[47,150506,136],{"class":98},[47,150508,249],{"class":80},[47,150510,106],{"class":98},[47,150512,150513,150515,150517,150519,150521,150523],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150514,95],{"class":94},[47,150516,99],{"class":98},[47,150518,1922],{"class":1788},[47,150520,99],{"class":98},[47,150522,5553],{"class":102},[47,150524,1796],{"class":98},[447,150526,150528],{"id":150527},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150530,150341],{},[38,150532,150534],{"className":40,"code":150533,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150535,150536,150556],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150539,3810],{"class":53},[47,150541,58],{"class":57},[47,150543,9428],{"class":98},[47,150545,1476],{"class":80},[47,150547,136],{"class":98},[47,150549,1562],{"class":80},[47,150551,136],{"class":98},[47,150553,249],{"class":80},[47,150555,106],{"class":98},[47,150557,150558],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150559,150560],{"class":3857},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150562,150563],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[447,150565,37396,150567,150570],{"id":150566},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150568,150569],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150572,64829],{},[38,150574,150575],{"className":40,"code":150193,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150576,150577,150595],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150578,150579,150581,150583,150585,150587,150589,150591,150593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150580,36284],{"class":53},[47,150582,58],{"class":57},[47,150584,149275],{"class":1788},[47,150586,99],{"class":98},[47,150588,128],{"class":61},[47,150590,41750],{"class":65},[47,150592,128],{"class":61},[47,150594,106],{"class":98},[47,150596,150597,150599,150601,150603],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150598,95],{"class":94},[47,150600,99],{"class":98},[47,150602,36337],{"class":102},[47,150604,106],{"class":98},[20,150606,150607],{},"gives:",[38,150609,150610],{"className":40,"code":150228,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,150611,150612],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150613,150614,150616,150618,150620,150622,150624,150626,150628,150630,150632,150634,150636,150638],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150615,99],{"class":98},[47,150617,3493],{"class":61},[47,150619,594],{"class":65},[47,150621,3493],{"class":61},[47,150623,136],{"class":98},[47,150625,3488],{"class":61},[47,150627,4957],{"class":65},[47,150629,3493],{"class":61},[47,150631,136],{"class":98},[47,150633,3488],{"class":61},[47,150635,9931],{"class":65},[47,150637,3493],{"class":61},[47,150639,106],{"class":98},[20,150641,150642],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[38,150644,150646],{"className":40,"code":150645,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150647,150648,150664],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150649,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150651,6348],{"class":53},[47,150653,58],{"class":57},[47,150655,9428],{"class":98},[47,150657,128],{"class":61},[47,150659,41750],{"class":65},[47,150661,128],{"class":61},[47,150663,149265],{"class":98},[47,150665,150666,150668,150670,150672],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150667,95],{"class":94},[47,150669,99],{"class":98},[47,150671,38583],{"class":102},[47,150673,106],{"class":98},[20,150675,144],{},[38,150677,150679],{"className":40,"code":150678,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('abc',)\n",[15,150680,150681],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150682,150683,150685,150687,150689,150691],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150684,99],{"class":98},[47,150686,3493],{"class":61},[47,150688,41750],{"class":65},[47,150690,3493],{"class":61},[47,150692,149265],{"class":98},[447,150694,150696],{"id":150695},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150698,150699],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[38,150701,150703],{"className":40,"code":150702,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150704,150705,150722,150726,150736,150750],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150706,150707,150710,150712,150714,150716,150718,150720],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150708,150709],{"class":53},"my_tuple ",[47,150711,58],{"class":57},[47,150713,9428],{"class":98},[47,150715,128],{"class":61},[47,150717,4272],{"class":65},[47,150719,128],{"class":61},[47,150721,149265],{"class":98},[47,150723,150724],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150725,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,150727,150728,150730,150732,150734],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,150729,95],{"class":94},[47,150731,99],{"class":98},[47,150733,147927],{"class":102},[47,150735,106],{"class":98},[47,150737,150738,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,150739,95],{"class":94},[47,150741,99],{"class":98},[47,150743,1922],{"class":1788},[47,150745,99],{"class":98},[47,150747,147927],{"class":102},[47,150749,1796],{"class":98},[47,150751,150752,150754,150756,150758,150760,150762],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,150753,95],{"class":94},[47,150755,99],{"class":98},[47,150757,11355],{"class":94},[47,150759,99],{"class":98},[47,150761,147927],{"class":102},[47,150763,1796],{"class":98},[33,150765,1969],{"id":1968},[447,150767,150769],{"id":150768},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150771,150772,150773,150776],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150774,150775],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[447,150778,150780],{"id":150779},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150782,150783],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[447,150785,150787],{"id":150786},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150789,150790],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[447,150792,150794],{"id":150793},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150796,150797],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[447,150799,5339,150801,12910],{"id":150800},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150802,150569],{},[20,150804,5345,150805,150808],{},[15,150806,150807],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[33,150810,2075],{"id":2074},[187,150812,150813,150817,150821,150827,150832,150837,150841],{},[190,150814,150815],{},[594,150816,147909],{"href":147908},[190,150818,150819],{},[594,150820,149582],{"href":149581},[190,150822,150823],{},[594,150824,150826],{"href":150825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[190,150828,150829],{},[594,150830,150831],{"href":149147},"Python tuple length with len()",[190,150833,150834],{},[594,150835,150836],{"href":149212},"What is a tuple in Python?",[190,150838,150839],{},[594,150840,63403],{"href":63402},[190,150842,150843],{},[594,150844,150845],{"href":150350},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2110,150847,150848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":150850},[150851,150852,150853,150854,150855,150856,150862,150868,150869,150877,150885],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":15356,"depth":72,"text":15357},{"id":149441,"depth":72,"text":149442},{"id":149585,"depth":72,"text":149586},{"id":149678,"depth":72,"text":149679},{"id":149871,"depth":72,"text":149872,"children":150857},[150858,150859,150860,150861],{"id":195,"depth":84,"text":56646},{"id":5503,"depth":84,"text":56649},{"id":149963,"depth":84,"text":149964},{"id":150006,"depth":84,"text":150007},{"id":150113,"depth":72,"text":150863,"children":150864},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150865,150866,150867],{"id":105167,"depth":84,"text":105168},{"id":105353,"depth":84,"text":105354},{"id":150264,"depth":84,"text":150265},{"id":20997,"depth":72,"text":20998},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":150870},[150871,150872,150873,150874,150876],{"id":150359,"depth":84,"text":150360},{"id":150439,"depth":84,"text":150440},{"id":150527,"depth":84,"text":150528},{"id":150566,"depth":84,"text":150875},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150695,"depth":84,"text":150696},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":150878},[150879,150880,150881,150882,150883],{"id":150768,"depth":84,"text":150769},{"id":150779,"depth":84,"text":150780},{"id":150786,"depth":84,"text":150787},{"id":150793,"depth":84,"text":150794},{"id":150800,"depth":84,"text":150884},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149198,"description":150886},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150893,"title":150894,"body":150895,"description":152440,"extension":2167,"meta":152441,"navigation":87,"path":152442,"seo":152443,"stem":152444,"__hash__":152445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150896,"toc":152410},[150897,150900,150905,150907,150920,150926,150928,150995,150997,151032,151037,151041,151045,151047,151058,151066,151068,151070,151091,151093,151113,151116,151118,151123,151166,151168,151190,151193,151206,151210,151214,151217,151270,151272,151293,151298,151302,151305,151350,151352,151385,151397,151401,151409,151446,151448,151477,151481,151484,151537,151539,151559,151566,151570,151575,151644,151646,151671,151675,151678,151684,151761,151763,151822,151824,151836,151841,151845,151849,151863,151865,151900,151902,151919,151922,151935,151939,151943,151954,151959,151974,151977,151980,151982,151985,151989,151991,152005,152007,152031,152036,152040,152043,152062,152065,152114,152119,152136,152139,152172,152176,152178,152229,152232,152257,152260,152283,152287,152293,152295,152330,152333,152338,152340,152344,152347,152351,152356,152360,152363,152367,152370,152374,152379,152381,152407],[10,150898,150894],{"id":150899},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150901,9316,150902,150904],{},[15,150903,38238],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150906,82772],{},[187,150908,150909,150914],{},[190,150910,150911,150913],{},[15,150912,38238],{}," creates an empty tuple",[190,150915,150916,150919],{},[15,150917,150918],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150921,150922,150923,150925],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150924,38238],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[33,150927,36],{"id":35},[38,150929,150931],{"className":40,"code":150930,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150932,150933,150953,150967,150971,150981],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,150934,150935,150937,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947,150949,150951],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,150936,3810],{"class":53},[47,150938,58],{"class":57},[47,150940,3815],{"class":98},[47,150942,1476],{"class":80},[47,150944,136],{"class":98},[47,150946,1562],{"class":80},[47,150948,136],{"class":98},[47,150950,249],{"class":80},[47,150952,3828],{"class":98},[47,150954,150955,150957,150959,150961,150963,150965],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,150956,1290],{"class":53},[47,150958,58],{"class":57},[47,150960,149275],{"class":1788},[47,150962,99],{"class":98},[47,150964,195],{"class":102},[47,150966,106],{"class":98},[47,150968,150969],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,150970,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,150972,150973,150975,150977,150979],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,150974,95],{"class":94},[47,150976,99],{"class":98},[47,150978,1315],{"class":102},[47,150980,106],{"class":98},[47,150982,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,150984,95],{"class":94},[47,150986,99],{"class":98},[47,150988,1922],{"class":1788},[47,150990,99],{"class":98},[47,150992,1315],{"class":102},[47,150994,1796],{"class":98},[20,150996,144],{},[38,150998,151000],{"className":40,"code":150999,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151001,151002,151018],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151003,151004,151006,151008,151010,151012,151014,151016],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151005,99],{"class":98},[47,151007,1476],{"class":80},[47,151009,136],{"class":98},[47,151011,1562],{"class":80},[47,151013,136],{"class":98},[47,151015,249],{"class":80},[47,151017,106],{"class":98},[47,151019,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151021,3482],{"class":57},[47,151023,3485],{"class":2266},[47,151025,3488],{"class":61},[47,151027,49139],{"class":65},[47,151029,3493],{"class":61},[47,151031,3496],{"class":57},[20,151033,167,151034,151036],{},[15,151035,150918],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[33,151038,151040],{"id":151039},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151042,151043,63111],{},[15,151044,38238],{},[20,151046,49113],{},[187,151048,151049,151052,151055],{},[190,151050,151051],{},"creates a tuple object",[190,151053,151054],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[190,151056,151057],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151059,151060,151061,151063,151064,445],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[594,151062,149213],{"href":149212}," or the full guide to ",[594,151065,147909],{"href":147908},[33,151067,290],{"id":289},[20,151069,26686],{},[38,151071,151073],{"className":40,"code":151072,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151074,151075,151081],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151076,151077,151079],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151078,49139],{"class":1788},[47,151080,8836],{"class":98},[47,151082,151083,151085,151087,151089],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151084,49139],{"class":1788},[47,151086,99],{"class":98},[47,151088,3913],{"class":102},[47,151090,106],{"class":98},[20,151092,11653],{},[187,151094,151095,151098],{},[190,151096,151097],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[190,151099,151100,151101],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[187,151102,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111],{},[190,151104,5494],{},[190,151106,5503],{},[190,151108,63182],{},[190,151110,5500],{},[190,151112,7446],{},[20,151114,151115],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[33,151117,149586],{"id":149585},[20,151119,29848,151120,151122],{},[15,151121,38238],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[38,151124,151126],{"className":40,"code":151125,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151127,151128,151138,151142,151152],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151129,151130,151132,151134,151136],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151131,124773],{"class":53},[47,151133,58],{"class":57},[47,151135,149275],{"class":1788},[47,151137,8836],{"class":98},[47,151139,151140],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151141,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,151143,151144,151146,151148,151150],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,151145,95],{"class":94},[47,151147,99],{"class":98},[47,151149,124824],{"class":102},[47,151151,106],{"class":98},[47,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,151155,95],{"class":94},[47,151157,99],{"class":98},[47,151159,1922],{"class":1788},[47,151161,99],{"class":98},[47,151163,124824],{"class":102},[47,151165,1796],{"class":98},[20,151167,144],{},[38,151169,151170],{"className":40,"code":149631,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151171,151172,151176],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151173,151174],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151175,8836],{"class":98},[47,151177,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186,151188],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151179,3482],{"class":57},[47,151181,3485],{"class":2266},[47,151183,3488],{"class":61},[47,151185,49139],{"class":65},[47,151187,3493],{"class":61},[47,151189,3496],{"class":57},[20,151191,151192],{},"This is equivalent to:",[38,151194,151196],{"className":40,"code":151195,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty = ()\n",[15,151197,151198],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151199,151200,151202,151204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151201,124773],{"class":53},[47,151203,58],{"class":57},[47,151205,149251],{"class":98},[33,151207,151209],{"id":151208},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[447,151211,151213],{"id":151212},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151215,151216],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[38,151218,151220],{"className":40,"code":151219,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151221,151222,151242,151256,151260],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151223,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232,151234,151236,151238,151240],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151225,3810],{"class":53},[47,151227,58],{"class":57},[47,151229,3815],{"class":98},[47,151231,582],{"class":80},[47,151233,136],{"class":98},[47,151235,7986],{"class":80},[47,151237,136],{"class":98},[47,151239,7991],{"class":80},[47,151241,3828],{"class":98},[47,151243,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151245,1290],{"class":53},[47,151247,58],{"class":57},[47,151249,149275],{"class":1788},[47,151251,99],{"class":98},[47,151253,195],{"class":102},[47,151255,106],{"class":98},[47,151257,151258],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,151259,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,151261,151262,151264,151266,151268],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,151263,95],{"class":94},[47,151265,99],{"class":98},[47,151267,1315],{"class":102},[47,151269,106],{"class":98},[20,151271,144],{},[38,151273,151275],{"className":40,"code":151274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151276,151277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151278,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151280,99],{"class":98},[47,151282,582],{"class":80},[47,151284,136],{"class":98},[47,151286,7986],{"class":80},[47,151288,136],{"class":98},[47,151290,7991],{"class":80},[47,151292,106],{"class":98},[20,151294,151295,151296,445],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[594,151297,104973],{"href":60240},[447,151299,151301],{"id":151300},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151303,151304],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[38,151306,151308],{"className":40,"code":151307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151309,151310,151322,151336,151340],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151311,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151313,34884],{"class":53},[47,151315,58],{"class":57},[47,151317,62],{"class":61},[47,151319,37239],{"class":65},[47,151321,69],{"class":61},[47,151323,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151325,1290],{"class":53},[47,151327,58],{"class":57},[47,151329,149275],{"class":1788},[47,151331,99],{"class":98},[47,151333,192],{"class":102},[47,151335,106],{"class":98},[47,151337,151338],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,151339,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,151341,151342,151344,151346,151348],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,151343,95],{"class":94},[47,151345,99],{"class":98},[47,151347,1315],{"class":102},[47,151349,106],{"class":98},[20,151351,144],{},[38,151353,151355],{"className":40,"code":151354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151356,151357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151358,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151360,99],{"class":98},[47,151362,3493],{"class":61},[47,151364,9931],{"class":65},[47,151366,3493],{"class":61},[47,151368,136],{"class":98},[47,151370,3488],{"class":61},[47,151372,594],{"class":65},[47,151374,3493],{"class":61},[47,151376,136],{"class":98},[47,151378,3488],{"class":61},[47,151380,63472],{"class":65},[47,151382,3493],{"class":61},[47,151384,106],{"class":98},[20,151386,151387,151388,14248,151391,151393,151394,445],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151389,151390],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[280,151392,4826],{}," create ",[15,151395,151396],{},"('cat',)",[447,151398,151400],{"id":151399},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151402,151403,151405,151406,151408],{},[15,151404,36392],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151407,38238],{}," collects them all.",[38,151410,151412],{"className":40,"code":151411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151413,151414,151432,151436],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151415,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151417,1290],{"class":53},[47,151419,58],{"class":57},[47,151421,149275],{"class":1788},[47,151423,99],{"class":98},[47,151425,60183],{"class":94},[47,151427,99],{"class":98},[47,151429,232],{"class":80},[47,151431,1796],{"class":98},[47,151433,151434],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151435,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,151437,151438,151440,151442,151444],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,151439,95],{"class":94},[47,151441,99],{"class":98},[47,151443,1315],{"class":102},[47,151445,106],{"class":98},[20,151447,144],{},[38,151449,151451],{"className":40,"code":151450,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151452,151453],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151454,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473,151475],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151456,99],{"class":98},[47,151458,2321],{"class":80},[47,151460,136],{"class":98},[47,151462,1545],{"class":80},[47,151464,136],{"class":98},[47,151466,1562],{"class":80},[47,151468,136],{"class":98},[47,151470,249],{"class":80},[47,151472,136],{"class":98},[47,151474,393],{"class":80},[47,151476,106],{"class":98},[447,151478,151480],{"id":151479},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151482,151483],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[38,151485,151487],{"className":40,"code":151486,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151488,151489,151509,151523,151527],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151490,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151492,4015],{"class":53},[47,151494,58],{"class":57},[47,151496,10683],{"class":98},[47,151498,1476],{"class":80},[47,151500,136],{"class":98},[47,151502,1562],{"class":80},[47,151504,136],{"class":98},[47,151506,249],{"class":80},[47,151508,9500],{"class":98},[47,151510,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151512,1290],{"class":53},[47,151514,58],{"class":57},[47,151516,149275],{"class":1788},[47,151518,99],{"class":98},[47,151520,5553],{"class":102},[47,151522,106],{"class":98},[47,151524,151525],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,151526,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,151528,151529,151531,151533,151535],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,151530,95],{"class":94},[47,151532,99],{"class":98},[47,151534,1315],{"class":102},[47,151536,106],{"class":98},[20,151538,144],{},[38,151540,151541],{"className":40,"code":149488,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151542,151543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151544,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151546,99],{"class":98},[47,151548,1476],{"class":80},[47,151550,136],{"class":98},[47,151552,1562],{"class":80},[47,151554,136],{"class":98},[47,151556,249],{"class":80},[47,151558,106],{"class":98},[20,151560,151561,151562,445],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[594,151563,151565],{"href":151564},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[447,151567,151569],{"id":151568},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151571,63725,151572,151574],{},[15,151573,38238],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[38,151576,151578],{"className":40,"code":151577,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151579,151580,151616,151630,151634],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151581,151582,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610,151612,151614],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151583,13398],{"class":53},[47,151585,58],{"class":57},[47,151587,10683],{"class":98},[47,151589,128],{"class":61},[47,151591,103],{"class":65},[47,151593,128],{"class":61},[47,151595,420],{"class":98},[47,151597,62],{"class":61},[47,151599,13075],{"class":65},[47,151601,128],{"class":61},[47,151603,136],{"class":98},[47,151605,62],{"class":61},[47,151607,116],{"class":65},[47,151609,128],{"class":61},[47,151611,420],{"class":98},[47,151613,9497],{"class":80},[47,151615,9500],{"class":98},[47,151617,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151619,1290],{"class":53},[47,151621,58],{"class":57},[47,151623,149275],{"class":1788},[47,151625,99],{"class":98},[47,151627,17503],{"class":102},[47,151629,106],{"class":98},[47,151631,151632],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,151633,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,151635,151636,151638,151640,151642],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,151637,95],{"class":94},[47,151639,99],{"class":98},[47,151641,1315],{"class":102},[47,151643,106],{"class":98},[20,151645,30228],{},[38,151647,151649],{"className":40,"code":151648,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151650,151651],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151652,151653,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151654,99],{"class":98},[47,151656,3493],{"class":61},[47,151658,103],{"class":65},[47,151660,3493],{"class":61},[47,151662,136],{"class":98},[47,151664,3488],{"class":61},[47,151666,116],{"class":65},[47,151668,3493],{"class":61},[47,151670,106],{"class":98},[33,151672,151674],{"id":151673},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151676,151677],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151679,151680,151683],{},[15,151681,151682],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[38,151685,151687],{"className":40,"code":151686,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151688,151689,151725,151729,151743],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151690,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715,151717,151719,151721,151723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151692,13398],{"class":53},[47,151694,58],{"class":57},[47,151696,10683],{"class":98},[47,151698,128],{"class":61},[47,151700,103],{"class":65},[47,151702,128],{"class":61},[47,151704,420],{"class":98},[47,151706,62],{"class":61},[47,151708,13075],{"class":65},[47,151710,128],{"class":61},[47,151712,136],{"class":98},[47,151714,62],{"class":61},[47,151716,116],{"class":65},[47,151718,128],{"class":61},[47,151720,420],{"class":98},[47,151722,9497],{"class":80},[47,151724,9500],{"class":98},[47,151726,151727],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151728,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,151730,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,151732,95],{"class":94},[47,151734,99],{"class":98},[47,151736,49139],{"class":1788},[47,151738,99],{"class":98},[47,151740,17503],{"class":102},[47,151742,1796],{"class":98},[47,151744,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,151746,95],{"class":94},[47,151748,99],{"class":98},[47,151750,49139],{"class":1788},[47,151752,99],{"class":98},[47,151754,17503],{"class":102},[47,151756,445],{"class":98},[47,151758,8006],{"class":102},[47,151760,6483],{"class":98},[20,151762,144],{},[38,151764,151766],{"className":40,"code":151765,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151767,151768,151788],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151769,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151771,99],{"class":98},[47,151773,3493],{"class":61},[47,151775,103],{"class":65},[47,151777,3493],{"class":61},[47,151779,136],{"class":98},[47,151781,3488],{"class":61},[47,151783,116],{"class":65},[47,151785,3493],{"class":61},[47,151787,106],{"class":98},[47,151789,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151791,5705],{"class":98},[47,151793,3493],{"class":61},[47,151795,103],{"class":65},[47,151797,3493],{"class":61},[47,151799,136],{"class":98},[47,151801,3488],{"class":61},[47,151803,13075],{"class":65},[47,151805,3493],{"class":61},[47,151807,9425],{"class":98},[47,151809,9428],{"class":98},[47,151811,3493],{"class":61},[47,151813,116],{"class":65},[47,151815,3493],{"class":61},[47,151817,136],{"class":98},[47,151819,9497],{"class":80},[47,151821,1796],{"class":98},[20,151823,18891],{},[187,151825,151826,151831],{},[190,151827,151828,151830],{},[15,151829,151682],{}," for keys",[190,151832,151833,32754],{},[15,151834,151835],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151837,151838,151839,445],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[594,151840,63735],{"href":63734},[33,151842,151844],{"id":151843},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151846,151847,18515],{},[15,151848,38238],{},[187,151850,151851,151854,151857,151860],{},[190,151852,151853],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[190,151855,151856],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[190,151858,151859],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[190,151861,151862],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151864,204],{},[38,151866,151868],{"className":40,"code":151867,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151869,151870,151889],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151871,151872,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151873,151874],{"class":53},"coordinates ",[47,151876,58],{"class":57},[47,151878,149275],{"class":1788},[47,151880,3178],{"class":98},[47,151882,2700],{"class":80},[47,151884,136],{"class":98},[47,151886,6188],{"class":80},[47,151888,4080],{"class":98},[47,151890,151891,151893,151895,151898],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,151892,95],{"class":94},[47,151894,99],{"class":98},[47,151896,151897],{"class":102},"coordinates",[47,151899,106],{"class":98},[20,151901,144],{},[38,151903,151905],{"className":40,"code":151904,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151906,151907],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151908,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151910,99],{"class":98},[47,151912,2700],{"class":80},[47,151914,136],{"class":98},[47,151916,6188],{"class":80},[47,151918,106],{"class":98},[20,151920,151921],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[187,151923,151924,151926,151929,151932],{},[190,151925,151897],{},[190,151927,151928],{},"RGB colors",[190,151930,151931],{},"dates",[190,151933,151934],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[33,151936,151938],{"id":151937},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151940,44619,151941,10794],{},[15,151942,38238],{},[187,151944,151945,151948,151951],{},[190,151946,151947],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[190,151949,151950],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[190,151952,151953],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151955,116400,151956,151958],{},[280,151957,4826],{}," work:",[38,151960,151962],{"className":40,"code":151961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151963,151964],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151965,151966,151968,151970,151972],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151967,49139],{"class":1788},[47,151969,99],{"class":98},[47,151971,232],{"class":80},[47,151973,106],{"class":98},[20,151975,151976],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151978,151979],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[33,151981,115238],{"id":115237},[20,151983,151984],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[447,151986,151988],{"id":151987},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151990,3030],{},[38,151992,151993],{"className":40,"code":151961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,151994,151995],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,151996,151997,151999,152001,152003],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,151998,49139],{"class":1788},[47,152000,99],{"class":98},[47,152002,232],{"class":80},[47,152004,106],{"class":98},[20,152006,29879],{},[38,152008,152009],{"className":40,"code":63839,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152010,152011],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152012,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027,152029],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152014,1707],{"class":1788},[47,152016,420],{"class":98},[47,152018,3488],{"class":61},[47,152020,2389],{"class":65},[47,152022,3493],{"class":61},[47,152024,24815],{"class":1788},[47,152026,8291],{"class":57},[47,152028,8294],{"class":57},[47,152030,63862],{"class":53},[20,152032,152033,152034,445],{},"If you see this, read ",[594,152035,62476],{"href":52785},[447,152037,152039],{"id":152038},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152041,152042],{},"This code:",[38,152044,152046],{"className":40,"code":152045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152047,152048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152049,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152051,49139],{"class":1788},[47,152053,99],{"class":98},[47,152055,128],{"class":61},[47,152057,4038],{"class":65},[47,152059,128],{"class":61},[47,152061,106],{"class":98},[20,152063,152064],{},"returns:",[38,152066,152068],{"className":40,"code":152067,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152069,152070],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152071,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152073,99],{"class":98},[47,152075,3493],{"class":61},[47,152077,60623],{"class":65},[47,152079,3493],{"class":61},[47,152081,136],{"class":98},[47,152083,3488],{"class":61},[47,152085,60632],{"class":65},[47,152087,3493],{"class":61},[47,152089,136],{"class":98},[47,152091,3488],{"class":61},[47,152093,60641],{"class":65},[47,152095,3493],{"class":61},[47,152097,136],{"class":98},[47,152099,3488],{"class":61},[47,152101,60641],{"class":65},[47,152103,3493],{"class":61},[47,152105,136],{"class":98},[47,152107,3488],{"class":61},[47,152109,60658],{"class":65},[47,152111,3493],{"class":61},[47,152113,106],{"class":98},[20,152115,41096,152116,152118],{},[280,152117,4826],{}," return:",[38,152120,152122],{"className":40,"code":152121,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('hello',)\n",[15,152123,152124],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152125,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152127,99],{"class":98},[47,152129,3493],{"class":61},[47,152131,4038],{"class":65},[47,152133,3493],{"class":61},[47,152135,149265],{"class":98},[20,152137,152138],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[38,152140,152142],{"className":40,"code":152141,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152143,152144,152161],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152145,152146,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152147,152148],{"class":53},"single ",[47,152150,58],{"class":57},[47,152152,9428],{"class":98},[47,152154,128],{"class":61},[47,152156,4038],{"class":65},[47,152158,128],{"class":61},[47,152160,149265],{"class":98},[47,152162,152163,152165,152167,152170],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152164,95],{"class":94},[47,152166,99],{"class":98},[47,152168,152169],{"class":102},"single",[47,152171,106],{"class":98},[447,152173,152175],{"id":152174},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152177,152042],{},[38,152179,152181],{"className":40,"code":152180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152182,152183,152215],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152184,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152186,9359],{"class":53},[47,152188,58],{"class":57},[47,152190,10683],{"class":98},[47,152192,128],{"class":61},[47,152194,594],{"class":65},[47,152196,128],{"class":61},[47,152198,420],{"class":98},[47,152200,1545],{"class":80},[47,152202,136],{"class":98},[47,152204,62],{"class":61},[47,152206,4957],{"class":65},[47,152208,128],{"class":61},[47,152210,420],{"class":98},[47,152212,1562],{"class":80},[47,152214,9500],{"class":98},[47,152216,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152218,95],{"class":94},[47,152220,99],{"class":98},[47,152222,49139],{"class":1788},[47,152224,99],{"class":98},[47,152226,9396],{"class":102},[47,152228,1796],{"class":98},[20,152230,152231],{},"returns only the keys:",[38,152233,152235],{"className":40,"code":152234,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152236,152237],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152238,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152240,99],{"class":98},[47,152242,3493],{"class":61},[47,152244,594],{"class":65},[47,152246,3493],{"class":61},[47,152248,136],{"class":98},[47,152250,3488],{"class":61},[47,152252,4957],{"class":65},[47,152254,3493],{"class":61},[47,152256,106],{"class":98},[20,152258,152259],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[38,152261,152263],{"className":40,"code":152262,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152264,152265],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152266,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152268,95],{"class":94},[47,152270,99],{"class":98},[47,152272,49139],{"class":1788},[47,152274,99],{"class":98},[47,152276,9396],{"class":102},[47,152278,445],{"class":98},[47,152280,8006],{"class":102},[47,152282,6483],{"class":98},[447,152284,152286],{"id":152285},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152288,152289,152290,152292],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152291,38238],{}," conversion.",[20,152294,5667],{},[38,152296,152298],{"className":40,"code":152297,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152299,152300,152320],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152301,152302,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152303,2644],{"class":53},[47,152305,58],{"class":57},[47,152307,9428],{"class":98},[47,152309,1476],{"class":80},[47,152311,136],{"class":98},[47,152313,1562],{"class":80},[47,152315,136],{"class":98},[47,152317,249],{"class":80},[47,152319,106],{"class":98},[47,152321,152322,152324,152326,152328],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152323,95],{"class":94},[47,152325,99],{"class":98},[47,152327,2668],{"class":102},[47,152329,106],{"class":98},[20,152331,152332],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152334,25704,152335,152337],{},[15,152336,38238],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[33,152339,1969],{"id":1968},[447,152341,152343],{"id":152342},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152345,152346],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[447,152348,152350],{"id":152349},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152352,152353,152354,445],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152355,7561],{},[447,152357,152359],{"id":152358},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152361,152362],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[447,152364,152366],{"id":152365},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152368,152369],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[447,152371,152373],{"id":152372},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152375,152376,152377,445],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152378,1707],{},[33,152380,2075],{"id":2074},[187,152382,152383,152387,152391,152395,152399,152403],{},[190,152384,152385],{},[594,152386,147909],{"href":147908},[190,152388,152389],{},[594,152390,150836],{"href":149212},[190,152392,152393],{},[594,152394,104973],{"href":60240},[190,152396,152397],{},[594,152398,151565],{"href":151564},[190,152400,152401],{},[594,152402,63735],{"href":63734},[190,152404,152405],{},[594,152406,62476],{"href":52785},[2110,152408,152409],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":152411},[152412,152413,152414,152415,152416,152423,152424,152425,152426,152432,152439],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":151039,"depth":72,"text":151040},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":149585,"depth":72,"text":149586},{"id":151208,"depth":72,"text":151209,"children":152417},[152418,152419,152420,152421,152422],{"id":151212,"depth":84,"text":151213},{"id":151300,"depth":84,"text":151301},{"id":151399,"depth":84,"text":151400},{"id":151479,"depth":84,"text":151480},{"id":151568,"depth":84,"text":151569},{"id":151673,"depth":72,"text":151674},{"id":151843,"depth":72,"text":151844},{"id":151937,"depth":72,"text":151938},{"id":115237,"depth":72,"text":115238,"children":152427},[152428,152429,152430,152431],{"id":151987,"depth":84,"text":151988},{"id":152038,"depth":84,"text":152039},{"id":152174,"depth":84,"text":152175},{"id":152285,"depth":84,"text":152286},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":152433},[152434,152435,152436,152437,152438],{"id":152342,"depth":84,"text":152343},{"id":152349,"depth":84,"text":152350},{"id":152358,"depth":84,"text":152359},{"id":152365,"depth":84,"text":152366},{"id":152372,"depth":84,"text":152373},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150894,"description":152440},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152447,"title":152448,"body":152449,"description":153862,"extension":2167,"meta":153863,"navigation":87,"path":153864,"seo":153865,"stem":153866,"__hash__":153867},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152450,"toc":153834},[152451,152456,152461,152464,152466,152545,152551,152556,152560,152575,152577,152624,152626,152634,152642,152648,152650,152655,152675,152678,152705,152707,152731,152733,152875,152877,152881,152889,152892,152894,152971,152973,152981,152985,152989,152999,153009,153011,153016,153018,153077,153082,153084,153184,153186,153200,153205,153211,153218,153221,153223,153333,153337,153354,153356,153419,153421,153429,153441,153445,153450,153478,153481,153563,153565,153576,153578,153582,153609,153611,153613,153693,153701,153703,153758,153760,153765,153768,153772,153776,153778,153782,153786,153794,153801,153804,153806,153831],[10,152452,147793,152454,11516],{"id":152453},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152455,59152],{},[20,152457,152458,152460],{},[15,152459,149114],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152462,152463],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[33,152465,36],{"id":35},[38,152467,152469],{"className":40,"code":152468,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152470,152471,152511,152533],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152472,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503,152505,152507,152509],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152474,13271],{"class":53},[47,152476,58],{"class":57},[47,152478,9428],{"class":98},[47,152480,128],{"class":61},[47,152482,876],{"class":65},[47,152484,128],{"class":61},[47,152486,136],{"class":98},[47,152488,62],{"class":61},[47,152490,894],{"class":65},[47,152492,128],{"class":61},[47,152494,136],{"class":98},[47,152496,62],{"class":61},[47,152498,885],{"class":65},[47,152500,128],{"class":61},[47,152502,136],{"class":98},[47,152504,62],{"class":61},[47,152506,894],{"class":65},[47,152508,128],{"class":61},[47,152510,106],{"class":98},[47,152512,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152514,65105],{"class":53},[47,152516,58],{"class":57},[47,152518,13317],{"class":53},[47,152520,445],{"class":98},[47,152522,36041],{"class":102},[47,152524,99],{"class":98},[47,152526,128],{"class":61},[47,152528,894],{"class":65},[47,152530,128],{"class":61},[47,152532,106],{"class":98},[47,152534,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,152536,95],{"class":94},[47,152538,99],{"class":98},[47,152540,65132],{"class":102},[47,152542,3854],{"class":98},[47,152544,27979],{"class":3857},[20,152546,152547,152550],{},[15,152548,152549],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[33,152552,174,152554,177],{"id":152553},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152555,149114],{},[20,152557,850,152558,11607],{},[15,152559,59152],{},[187,152561,152562,152565,152567,152570],{},[190,152563,152564],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[190,152566,128391],{},[190,152568,152569],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[190,152571,152572,152573],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152574,2321],{},[20,152576,204],{},[38,152578,152580],{"className":40,"code":152579,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152581,152582,152606],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152583,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152585,3810],{"class":53},[47,152587,58],{"class":57},[47,152589,9428],{"class":98},[47,152591,582],{"class":80},[47,152593,136],{"class":98},[47,152595,7986],{"class":80},[47,152597,136],{"class":98},[47,152599,7991],{"class":80},[47,152601,136],{"class":98},[47,152603,7986],{"class":80},[47,152605,106],{"class":98},[47,152607,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618,152620,152622],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152609,95],{"class":94},[47,152611,99],{"class":98},[47,152613,195],{"class":102},[47,152615,445],{"class":98},[47,152617,36041],{"class":102},[47,152619,99],{"class":98},[47,152621,15949],{"class":80},[47,152623,1796],{"class":98},[20,152625,144],{},[38,152627,152628],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152629,152630],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152631,152632],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152633,47104],{"class":80},[20,152635,21175,152636,152638,152639,152641],{},[15,152637,15949],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152640,59152],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152643,151060,152644,445],{},[594,152645,152647],{"href":152646},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[33,152649,290],{"id":289},[20,152651,7958,152652,152654],{},[15,152653,59152],{}," in two ways:",[38,152656,152658],{"className":40,"code":152657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152659,152660],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152661,152662,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152663,152664],{"class":53},"tuple_name",[47,152666,445],{"class":98},[47,152668,36041],{"class":102},[47,152670,99],{"class":98},[47,152672,2668],{"class":102},[47,152674,106],{"class":98},[20,152676,152677],{},"or:",[38,152679,152681],{"className":40,"code":152680,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152682,152683],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152684,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152686,152664],{"class":53},[47,152688,445],{"class":98},[47,152690,36041],{"class":102},[47,152692,99],{"class":98},[47,152694,2668],{"class":102},[47,152696,136],{"class":98},[47,152698,36245],{"class":102},[47,152700,136],{"class":98},[47,152702,1146],{"class":102},[47,152704,106],{"class":98},[447,152706,17591],{"id":17590},[187,152708,152709,152714,152719,152724],{},[190,152710,152711,152713],{},[15,152712,2668],{}," — the item to search for",[190,152715,152716,152718],{},[15,152717,36266],{}," — optional starting position",[190,152720,152721,152723],{},[15,152722,820],{}," — optional ending position",[190,152725,152726,4980,152728,152730],{},[15,152727,820],{},[280,152729,65254],{}," in the search",[20,152732,204],{},[38,152734,152736],{"className":40,"code":152735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152737,152738,152786,152790,152815,152843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152739,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152741,36284],{"class":53},[47,152743,58],{"class":57},[47,152745,9428],{"class":98},[47,152747,128],{"class":61},[47,152749,594],{"class":65},[47,152751,128],{"class":61},[47,152753,136],{"class":98},[47,152755,62],{"class":61},[47,152757,4957],{"class":65},[47,152759,128],{"class":61},[47,152761,136],{"class":98},[47,152763,62],{"class":61},[47,152765,9931],{"class":65},[47,152767,128],{"class":61},[47,152769,136],{"class":98},[47,152771,62],{"class":61},[47,152773,4957],{"class":65},[47,152775,128],{"class":61},[47,152777,136],{"class":98},[47,152779,62],{"class":61},[47,152781,18964],{"class":65},[47,152783,128],{"class":61},[47,152785,106],{"class":98},[47,152787,152788],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152789,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,152791,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,152793,95],{"class":94},[47,152795,99],{"class":98},[47,152797,36337],{"class":102},[47,152799,445],{"class":98},[47,152801,36041],{"class":102},[47,152803,99],{"class":98},[47,152805,128],{"class":61},[47,152807,4957],{"class":65},[47,152809,128],{"class":61},[47,152811,5556],{"class":98},[47,152813,152814],{"class":3857},"        # 1\n",[47,152816,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,152818,95],{"class":94},[47,152820,99],{"class":98},[47,152822,36337],{"class":102},[47,152824,445],{"class":98},[47,152826,36041],{"class":102},[47,152828,99],{"class":98},[47,152830,128],{"class":61},[47,152832,4957],{"class":65},[47,152834,128],{"class":61},[47,152836,136],{"class":98},[47,152838,1562],{"class":80},[47,152840,5556],{"class":98},[47,152842,51105],{"class":3857},[47,152844,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,152846,95],{"class":94},[47,152848,99],{"class":98},[47,152850,36337],{"class":102},[47,152852,445],{"class":98},[47,152854,36041],{"class":102},[47,152856,99],{"class":98},[47,152858,128],{"class":61},[47,152860,4957],{"class":65},[47,152862,128],{"class":61},[47,152864,136],{"class":98},[47,152866,1545],{"class":80},[47,152868,136],{"class":98},[47,152870,249],{"class":80},[47,152872,5556],{"class":98},[47,152874,27979],{"class":3857},[33,152876,103300],{"id":103299},[20,152878,152879,25707],{},[15,152880,149114],{},[187,152882,152883,152886],{},[190,152884,152885],{},"An integer",[190,152887,152888],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152890,152891],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152893,204],{},[38,152895,152897],{"className":40,"code":152896,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152898,152899,152939,152961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152900,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935,152937],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152902,108399],{"class":53},[47,152904,58],{"class":57},[47,152906,9428],{"class":98},[47,152908,128],{"class":61},[47,152910,37239],{"class":65},[47,152912,128],{"class":61},[47,152914,136],{"class":98},[47,152916,62],{"class":61},[47,152918,58311],{"class":65},[47,152920,128],{"class":61},[47,152922,136],{"class":98},[47,152924,62],{"class":61},[47,152926,58328],{"class":65},[47,152928,128],{"class":61},[47,152930,136],{"class":98},[47,152932,62],{"class":61},[47,152934,58311],{"class":65},[47,152936,128],{"class":61},[47,152938,106],{"class":98},[47,152940,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,152942,1290],{"class":53},[47,152944,58],{"class":57},[47,152946,108442],{"class":53},[47,152948,445],{"class":98},[47,152950,36041],{"class":102},[47,152952,99],{"class":98},[47,152954,128],{"class":61},[47,152956,58311],{"class":65},[47,152958,128],{"class":61},[47,152960,106],{"class":98},[47,152962,152963,152965,152967,152969],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,152964,95],{"class":94},[47,152966,99],{"class":98},[47,152968,1315],{"class":102},[47,152970,106],{"class":98},[20,152972,144],{},[38,152974,152975],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,152976,152977],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,152978,152979],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,152980,47104],{"class":80},[33,152982,152984],{"id":152983},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152986,167,152987,10794],{},[15,152988,149114],{},[187,152990,152991,152993,152996],{},[190,152992,66283],{},[190,152994,152995],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[190,152997,152998],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153000,153001,153002,153005,153006,445],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153003,153004],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[594,153007,149582],{"href":153008},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[33,153010,65815],{"id":65814},[20,153012,153013,153014,445],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153015,40894],{},[20,153017,204],{},[38,153019,153021],{"className":40,"code":153020,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153022,153023,153055],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153024,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153026,13271],{"class":53},[47,153028,58],{"class":57},[47,153030,9428],{"class":98},[47,153032,128],{"class":61},[47,153034,876],{"class":65},[47,153036,128],{"class":61},[47,153038,136],{"class":98},[47,153040,62],{"class":61},[47,153042,894],{"class":65},[47,153044,128],{"class":61},[47,153046,136],{"class":98},[47,153048,62],{"class":61},[47,153050,885],{"class":65},[47,153052,128],{"class":61},[47,153054,106],{"class":98},[47,153056,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153058,95],{"class":94},[47,153060,99],{"class":98},[47,153062,17698],{"class":102},[47,153064,445],{"class":98},[47,153066,36041],{"class":102},[47,153068,99],{"class":98},[47,153070,128],{"class":61},[47,153072,22721],{"class":65},[47,153074,128],{"class":61},[47,153076,1796],{"class":98},[20,153078,39845,153079,153081],{},[15,153080,109724],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153083,65890],{},[38,153085,153087],{"className":40,"code":153086,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153088,153089,153121,153125,153141,153163,153169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153090,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153092,13271],{"class":53},[47,153094,58],{"class":57},[47,153096,9428],{"class":98},[47,153098,128],{"class":61},[47,153100,876],{"class":65},[47,153102,128],{"class":61},[47,153104,136],{"class":98},[47,153106,62],{"class":61},[47,153108,894],{"class":65},[47,153110,128],{"class":61},[47,153112,136],{"class":98},[47,153114,62],{"class":61},[47,153116,885],{"class":65},[47,153118,128],{"class":61},[47,153120,106],{"class":98},[47,153122,153123],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153124,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,153126,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,153128,7192],{"class":1461},[47,153130,62],{"class":61},[47,153132,22721],{"class":65},[47,153134,128],{"class":61},[47,153136,21371],{"class":57},[47,153138,13317],{"class":53},[47,153140,6586],{"class":98},[47,153142,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,153144,1499],{"class":94},[47,153146,99],{"class":98},[47,153148,17698],{"class":102},[47,153150,445],{"class":98},[47,153152,36041],{"class":102},[47,153154,99],{"class":98},[47,153156,128],{"class":61},[47,153158,22721],{"class":65},[47,153160,128],{"class":61},[47,153162,1796],{"class":98},[47,153164,153165,153167],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153166,27633],{"class":1461},[47,153168,6586],{"class":98},[47,153170,153171,153173,153175,153177,153180,153182],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,153172,1499],{"class":94},[47,153174,99],{"class":98},[47,153176,128],{"class":61},[47,153178,153179],{"class":65},"Value not found",[47,153181,128],{"class":61},[47,153183,106],{"class":98},[20,153185,144],{},[38,153187,153189],{"className":40,"code":153188,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Value not found\n",[15,153190,153191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153192,153193,153196,153198],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153194,153195],{"class":53},"Value ",[47,153197,4826],{"class":57},[47,153199,66014],{"class":53},[20,153201,153202,153203,445],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[594,153204,66024],{"href":66023},[33,153206,1654,153207,839,153209],{"id":65591},[15,153208,36266],{},[15,153210,820],{},[20,153212,850,153213,839,153215,153217],{},[15,153214,36266],{},[15,153216,820],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153219,153220],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153222,204],{},[38,153224,153226],{"className":40,"code":153225,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153227,153228,153256,153260,153281,153305],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153229,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153231,4015],{"class":53},[47,153233,58],{"class":57},[47,153235,9428],{"class":98},[47,153237,232],{"class":80},[47,153239,136],{"class":98},[47,153241,373],{"class":80},[47,153243,136],{"class":98},[47,153245,4800],{"class":80},[47,153247,136],{"class":98},[47,153249,7986],{"class":80},[47,153251,136],{"class":98},[47,153253,4800],{"class":80},[47,153255,106],{"class":98},[47,153257,153258],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153259,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,153261,153262,153264,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,153263,95],{"class":94},[47,153265,99],{"class":98},[47,153267,5553],{"class":102},[47,153269,445],{"class":98},[47,153271,36041],{"class":102},[47,153273,99],{"class":98},[47,153275,232],{"class":80},[47,153277,5556],{"class":98},[47,153279,153280],{"class":3857},"        # 0\n",[47,153282,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297,153299,153301,153303],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,153284,95],{"class":94},[47,153286,99],{"class":98},[47,153288,5553],{"class":102},[47,153290,445],{"class":98},[47,153292,36041],{"class":102},[47,153294,99],{"class":98},[47,153296,232],{"class":80},[47,153298,136],{"class":98},[47,153300,1545],{"class":80},[47,153302,5556],{"class":98},[47,153304,51139],{"class":3857},[47,153306,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153308,95],{"class":94},[47,153310,99],{"class":98},[47,153312,5553],{"class":102},[47,153314,445],{"class":98},[47,153316,36041],{"class":102},[47,153318,99],{"class":98},[47,153320,232],{"class":80},[47,153322,136],{"class":98},[47,153324,249],{"class":80},[47,153326,136],{"class":98},[47,153328,4800],{"class":80},[47,153330,5556],{"class":98},[47,153332,51122],{"class":3857},[447,153334,153336],{"id":153335},"how-it-works","How it works",[187,153338,153339,153344,153349],{},[190,153340,153341,153343],{},[15,153342,36266],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[190,153345,153346,153348],{},[15,153347,820],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[190,153350,850,153351,153353],{},[15,153352,820],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153355,204],{},[38,153357,153359],{"className":40,"code":153358,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153360,153361,153389,153393],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153362,153363,153365,153367,153369,153371,153373,153375,153377,153379,153381,153383,153385,153387],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153364,4015],{"class":53},[47,153366,58],{"class":57},[47,153368,9428],{"class":98},[47,153370,232],{"class":80},[47,153372,136],{"class":98},[47,153374,373],{"class":80},[47,153376,136],{"class":98},[47,153378,4800],{"class":80},[47,153380,136],{"class":98},[47,153382,7986],{"class":80},[47,153384,136],{"class":98},[47,153386,4800],{"class":80},[47,153388,106],{"class":98},[47,153390,153391],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153392,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,153394,153395,153397,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,153396,95],{"class":94},[47,153398,99],{"class":98},[47,153400,5553],{"class":102},[47,153402,445],{"class":98},[47,153404,36041],{"class":102},[47,153406,99],{"class":98},[47,153408,232],{"class":80},[47,153410,136],{"class":98},[47,153412,1545],{"class":80},[47,153414,136],{"class":98},[47,153416,393],{"class":80},[47,153418,1796],{"class":98},[20,153420,144],{},[38,153422,153423],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,153424,153425],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153426,153427],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153428,17252],{"class":80},[20,153430,153431,153432,2390,153434,17268,153436,153438,153439,445],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153433,1476],{},[15,153435,243],{},[15,153437,2263],{},", but not ",[15,153440,2700],{},[33,153442,153444],{"id":153443},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153446,153447,153448,420],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153449,149114],{},[187,153451,153452,153460,153465,153472],{},[190,153453,153454,153455,153457,153458],{},"Do not confuse the ",[280,153456,2668],{}," with the ",[280,153459,36041],{},[190,153461,153462,153463],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153464,2321],{},[190,153466,167,153467,153471],{},[594,153468,149140,153469,10934],{"href":149192},[15,153470,57475],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[190,153473,153474,153475,153477],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153476,153004],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153479,153480],{},"Example of value vs index:",[38,153482,153484],{"className":40,"code":153483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153485,153486,153518,153522,153546],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153487,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508,153510,153512,153514,153516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153489,36433],{"class":53},[47,153491,58],{"class":57},[47,153493,9428],{"class":98},[47,153495,128],{"class":61},[47,153497,4272],{"class":65},[47,153499,128],{"class":61},[47,153501,136],{"class":98},[47,153503,62],{"class":61},[47,153505,4281],{"class":65},[47,153507,128],{"class":61},[47,153509,136],{"class":98},[47,153511,62],{"class":61},[47,153513,33418],{"class":65},[47,153515,128],{"class":61},[47,153517,106],{"class":98},[47,153519,153520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153521,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,153523,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,153525,95],{"class":94},[47,153527,99],{"class":98},[47,153529,36485],{"class":102},[47,153531,445],{"class":98},[47,153533,36041],{"class":102},[47,153535,99],{"class":98},[47,153537,128],{"class":61},[47,153539,4281],{"class":65},[47,153541,128],{"class":61},[47,153543,5556],{"class":98},[47,153545,27979],{"class":3857},[47,153547,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,153549,95],{"class":94},[47,153551,99],{"class":98},[47,153553,36485],{"class":102},[47,153555,4092],{"class":98},[47,153557,1476],{"class":80},[47,153559,20643],{"class":98},[47,153561,153562],{"class":3857},"               # banana\n",[20,153564,2379],{},[187,153566,153567,153571],{},[190,153568,153569,15441],{},[15,153570,65459],{},[190,153572,153573,153575],{},[15,153574,1476],{}," is the index",[33,153577,1595],{"id":1594},[20,153579,106038,153580,420],{},[15,153581,149114],{},[187,153583,153584,153587,153592,153597,153604],{},[190,153585,153586],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[190,153588,1807,153589,153591],{},[15,153590,59152],{}," to return all matching positions",[190,153593,153594,153595],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153596,2321],{},[190,153598,153599,153600,839,153602],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153601,36266],{},[15,153603,820],{},[190,153605,37396,153606,153608],{},[15,153607,149114],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[447,153610,60895],{"id":60894},[20,153612,94300],{},[38,153614,153616],{"className":40,"code":153615,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153617,153618,153628,153642,153657,153675],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153619,153620,153622,153624,153626],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153621,95],{"class":94},[47,153623,99],{"class":98},[47,153625,147927],{"class":102},[47,153627,106],{"class":98},[47,153629,153630,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153631,95],{"class":94},[47,153633,99],{"class":98},[47,153635,11355],{"class":94},[47,153637,99],{"class":98},[47,153639,147927],{"class":102},[47,153641,1796],{"class":98},[47,153643,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153655],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,153645,95],{"class":94},[47,153647,99],{"class":98},[47,153649,2644],{"class":102},[47,153651,1468],{"class":1461},[47,153653,153654],{"class":102}," my_tuple",[47,153656,106],{"class":98},[47,153658,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671,153673],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,153660,95],{"class":94},[47,153662,99],{"class":98},[47,153664,147927],{"class":102},[47,153666,445],{"class":98},[47,153668,41449],{"class":102},[47,153670,99],{"class":98},[47,153672,2668],{"class":102},[47,153674,1796],{"class":98},[47,153676,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153678,95],{"class":94},[47,153680,99],{"class":98},[47,153682,147927],{"class":102},[47,153684,445],{"class":98},[47,153686,36041],{"class":102},[47,153688,99],{"class":98},[47,153690,2668],{"class":102},[47,153692,1796],{"class":98},[20,153694,153695,153696,84579,153698,153700],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153697,40894],{},[15,153699,2668],{}," is missing.",[20,153702,129544],{},[38,153704,153706],{"className":40,"code":153705,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153707,153708,153720,153738,153744],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153709,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153711,7192],{"class":1461},[47,153713,21782],{"class":53},[47,153715,1468],{"class":57},[47,153717,153654],{"class":53},[47,153719,6586],{"class":98},[47,153721,153722,153724,153726,153728,153730,153732,153734,153736],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153723,1499],{"class":94},[47,153725,99],{"class":98},[47,153727,147927],{"class":102},[47,153729,445],{"class":98},[47,153731,36041],{"class":102},[47,153733,99],{"class":98},[47,153735,2668],{"class":102},[47,153737,1796],{"class":98},[47,153739,153740,153742],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,153741,27633],{"class":1461},[47,153743,6586],{"class":98},[47,153745,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,153747,1499],{"class":94},[47,153749,99],{"class":98},[47,153751,128],{"class":61},[47,153753,153179],{"class":65},[47,153755,128],{"class":61},[47,153757,106],{"class":98},[33,153759,1969],{"id":1968},[447,153761,5339,153763,12910],{"id":153762},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153764,149114],{},[20,153766,153767],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[447,153769,153771],{"id":153770},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153773,153774,152641],{},[15,153775,149114],{},[447,153777,149093],{"id":149092},[20,153779,77042,153780,445],{},[15,153781,40894],{},[447,153783,153785],{"id":153784},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153787,153788,153789,839,153791,153793],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153790,36266],{},[15,153792,820],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[447,153795,15097,153797,57390,153799,2009],{"id":153796},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153798,149114],{},[15,153800,65051],{},[20,153802,153803],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[33,153805,2075],{"id":2074},[187,153807,153808,153814,153818,153823,153827],{},[190,153809,153810],{},[594,153811,149140,153812,10934],{"href":149192},[15,153813,57475],{},[190,153815,153816],{},[594,153817,149582],{"href":153008},[190,153819,153820],{},[594,153821,153822],{"href":150888},"Creating a tuple in Python",[190,153824,153825],{},[594,153826,66024],{"href":66023},[190,153828,153829],{},[594,153830,150836],{"href":152646},[2110,153832,153833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":153835},[153836,153837,153839,153842,153843,153844,153845,153848,153849,153852,153861],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":152553,"depth":72,"text":153838},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290,"children":153840},[153841],{"id":17590,"depth":84,"text":17591},{"id":103299,"depth":72,"text":103300},{"id":152983,"depth":72,"text":152984},{"id":65814,"depth":72,"text":65815},{"id":65591,"depth":72,"text":66374,"children":153846},[153847],{"id":153335,"depth":84,"text":153336},{"id":153443,"depth":72,"text":153444},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595,"children":153850},[153851],{"id":60894,"depth":84,"text":60895},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":153853},[153854,153856,153857,153858,153859],{"id":153762,"depth":84,"text":153855},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153770,"depth":84,"text":153771},{"id":149092,"depth":84,"text":149093},{"id":153784,"depth":84,"text":153785},{"id":153796,"depth":84,"text":153860},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152448,"description":153862},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153869,"title":153870,"body":153871,"description":155266,"extension":2167,"meta":155267,"navigation":87,"path":153008,"seo":155268,"stem":155269,"__hash__":155270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153872,"toc":155248},[153873,153876,153879,153882,153896,153898,153901,153995,154005,154011,154015,154018,154021,154023,154041,154043,154114,154116,154133,154137,154141,154144,154161,154164,154179,154181,154272,154275,154279,154282,154299,154301,154396,154399,154402,154406,154409,154503,154505,154524,154527,154531,154534,154536,154591,154593,154628,154631,154645,154653,154746,154755,154759,154762,154769,154772,154819,154821,154829,154832,154883,154885,154902,154907,154911,154914,154917,154919,154970,154973,155028,155031,155034,155036,155039,155059,155061,155134,155137,155150,155152,155156,155161,155165,155170,155187,155191,155194,155211,155215,155218,155220,155245],[10,153874,153870],{"id":153875},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153877,153878],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153880,153881],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[187,153883,153884,153887,153890,153893],{},[190,153885,153886],{},"positive indexes",[190,153888,153889],{},"negative indexes",[190,153891,153892],{},"common indexing mistakes",[190,153894,153895],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[33,153897,3800],{"id":3799},[20,153899,153900],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[38,153902,153904],{"className":40,"code":153903,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153905,153906,153938,153942,153959,153976],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,153907,153908,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,153909,13271],{"class":53},[47,153911,58],{"class":57},[47,153913,9428],{"class":98},[47,153915,128],{"class":61},[47,153917,876],{"class":65},[47,153919,128],{"class":61},[47,153921,136],{"class":98},[47,153923,62],{"class":61},[47,153925,885],{"class":65},[47,153927,128],{"class":61},[47,153929,136],{"class":98},[47,153931,62],{"class":61},[47,153933,894],{"class":65},[47,153935,128],{"class":61},[47,153937,106],{"class":98},[47,153939,153940],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,153941,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,153943,153944,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,153945,95],{"class":94},[47,153947,99],{"class":98},[47,153949,17698],{"class":102},[47,153951,4092],{"class":98},[47,153953,2321],{"class":80},[47,153955,20643],{"class":98},[47,153957,153958],{"class":3857},"   # red\n",[47,153960,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,153962,95],{"class":94},[47,153964,99],{"class":98},[47,153966,17698],{"class":102},[47,153968,4092],{"class":98},[47,153970,1476],{"class":80},[47,153972,20643],{"class":98},[47,153974,153975],{"class":3857},"   # green\n",[47,153977,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,153979,95],{"class":94},[47,153981,99],{"class":98},[47,153983,17698],{"class":102},[47,153985,4092],{"class":98},[47,153987,1033],{"class":57},[47,153989,1476],{"class":80},[47,153991,20643],{"class":98},[47,153993,153994],{"class":3857},"  # blue\n",[187,153996,153997,154002],{},[190,153998,132333,153999,154001],{},[15,154000,2321],{}," is the first item.",[190,154003,154004],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154006,154007,154008,445],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[594,154009,154010],{"href":147912},"how to create a tuple in Python",[33,154012,154014],{"id":154013},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154016,154017],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154019,154020],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154022,11653],{},[187,154024,154025,154028,154035,154038],{},[190,154026,154027],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[190,154029,154030,154031,19160,154033],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154032,2321],{},[15,154034,1476],{},[190,154036,154037],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[190,154039,154040],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154042,204],{},[38,154044,154046],{"className":40,"code":154045,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154047,154048,154068,154072,154086,154100],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154049,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154051,3810],{"class":53},[47,154053,58],{"class":57},[47,154055,9428],{"class":98},[47,154057,582],{"class":80},[47,154059,136],{"class":98},[47,154061,7986],{"class":80},[47,154063,136],{"class":98},[47,154065,7991],{"class":80},[47,154067,106],{"class":98},[47,154069,154070],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154071,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154073,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154075,95],{"class":94},[47,154077,99],{"class":98},[47,154079,195],{"class":102},[47,154081,4092],{"class":98},[47,154083,2321],{"class":80},[47,154085,4080],{"class":98},[47,154087,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,154089,95],{"class":94},[47,154091,99],{"class":98},[47,154093,195],{"class":102},[47,154095,4092],{"class":98},[47,154097,1476],{"class":80},[47,154099,4080],{"class":98},[47,154101,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154103,95],{"class":94},[47,154105,99],{"class":98},[47,154107,195],{"class":102},[47,154109,4092],{"class":98},[47,154111,243],{"class":80},[47,154113,4080],{"class":98},[20,154115,144],{},[38,154117,154119],{"className":40,"code":154118,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154120,154121,154125,154129],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154122,154123],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154124,2574],{"class":80},[47,154126,154127],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154128,71408],{"class":80},[47,154130,154131],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154132,70025],{"class":80},[20,154134,59577,154135,445],{},[594,154136,147909],{"href":147908},[33,154138,154140],{"id":154139},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154142,154143],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[187,154145,154146,154151,154156],{},[190,154147,154148,154150],{},[15,154149,2321],{}," = first item",[190,154152,154153,154155],{},[15,154154,1476],{}," = second item",[190,154157,154158,154160],{},[15,154159,243],{}," = third item",[20,154162,154163],{},"Pattern:",[38,154165,154167],{"className":40,"code":154166,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154168,154169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154170,154171,154173,154175,154177],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154172,152664],{"class":53},[47,154174,4092],{"class":98},[47,154176,36041],{"class":53},[47,154178,3828],{"class":98},[20,154180,204],{},[38,154182,154184],{"className":40,"code":154183,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154185,154186,154218,154222,154239,154255],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154187,154188,154190,154192,154194,154196,154198,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154189,36433],{"class":53},[47,154191,58],{"class":57},[47,154193,9428],{"class":98},[47,154195,128],{"class":61},[47,154197,4272],{"class":65},[47,154199,128],{"class":61},[47,154201,136],{"class":98},[47,154203,62],{"class":61},[47,154205,4281],{"class":65},[47,154207,128],{"class":61},[47,154209,136],{"class":98},[47,154211,62],{"class":61},[47,154213,4290],{"class":65},[47,154215,128],{"class":61},[47,154217,106],{"class":98},[47,154219,154220],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154221,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154223,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154225,95],{"class":94},[47,154227,99],{"class":98},[47,154229,36485],{"class":102},[47,154231,4092],{"class":98},[47,154233,2321],{"class":80},[47,154235,20643],{"class":98},[47,154237,154238],{"class":3857},"  # apple\n",[47,154240,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,154242,95],{"class":94},[47,154244,99],{"class":98},[47,154246,36485],{"class":102},[47,154248,4092],{"class":98},[47,154250,1476],{"class":80},[47,154252,20643],{"class":98},[47,154254,51671],{"class":3857},[47,154256,154257,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154258,95],{"class":94},[47,154260,99],{"class":98},[47,154262,36485],{"class":102},[47,154264,4092],{"class":98},[47,154266,243],{"class":80},[47,154268,20643],{"class":98},[47,154270,154271],{"class":3857},"  # cherry\n",[20,154273,154274],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[33,154276,154278],{"id":154277},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154280,154281],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[187,154283,154284,154289,154294],{},[190,154285,154286,154288],{},[15,154287,66039],{}," = last item",[190,154290,154291,154293],{},[15,154292,95330],{}," = second-to-last item",[190,154295,154296,154298],{},[15,154297,47858],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154300,204],{},[38,154302,154304],{"className":40,"code":154303,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154305,154306,154338,154342,154360,154378],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154307,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154309,36433],{"class":53},[47,154311,58],{"class":57},[47,154313,9428],{"class":98},[47,154315,128],{"class":61},[47,154317,4272],{"class":65},[47,154319,128],{"class":61},[47,154321,136],{"class":98},[47,154323,62],{"class":61},[47,154325,4281],{"class":65},[47,154327,128],{"class":61},[47,154329,136],{"class":98},[47,154331,62],{"class":61},[47,154333,4290],{"class":65},[47,154335,128],{"class":61},[47,154337,106],{"class":98},[47,154339,154340],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154341,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154343,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154345,95],{"class":94},[47,154347,99],{"class":98},[47,154349,36485],{"class":102},[47,154351,4092],{"class":98},[47,154353,1033],{"class":57},[47,154355,1476],{"class":80},[47,154357,20643],{"class":98},[47,154359,154271],{"class":3857},[47,154361,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,154363,95],{"class":94},[47,154365,99],{"class":98},[47,154367,36485],{"class":102},[47,154369,4092],{"class":98},[47,154371,1033],{"class":57},[47,154373,243],{"class":80},[47,154375,20643],{"class":98},[47,154377,51671],{"class":3857},[47,154379,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154381,95],{"class":94},[47,154383,99],{"class":98},[47,154385,36485],{"class":102},[47,154387,4092],{"class":98},[47,154389,1033],{"class":57},[47,154391,2263],{"class":80},[47,154393,20643],{"class":98},[47,154395,154238],{"class":3857},[20,154397,154398],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154400,154401],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[33,154403,154405],{"id":154404},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154407,154408],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[38,154410,154412],{"className":40,"code":154411,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154413,154414,154446,154450,154467,154484],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154415,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442,154444],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154417,5192],{"class":53},[47,154419,58],{"class":57},[47,154421,9428],{"class":98},[47,154423,128],{"class":61},[47,154425,13075],{"class":65},[47,154427,128],{"class":61},[47,154429,136],{"class":98},[47,154431,62],{"class":61},[47,154433,36135],{"class":65},[47,154435,128],{"class":61},[47,154437,136],{"class":98},[47,154439,62],{"class":61},[47,154441,36144],{"class":65},[47,154443,128],{"class":61},[47,154445,106],{"class":98},[47,154447,154448],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154449,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154451,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154453,95],{"class":94},[47,154455,99],{"class":98},[47,154457,5236],{"class":102},[47,154459,4092],{"class":98},[47,154461,2321],{"class":80},[47,154463,20643],{"class":98},[47,154465,154466],{"class":3857},"   # first item\n",[47,154468,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,154470,95],{"class":94},[47,154472,99],{"class":98},[47,154474,5236],{"class":102},[47,154476,4092],{"class":98},[47,154478,1476],{"class":80},[47,154480,20643],{"class":98},[47,154482,154483],{"class":3857},"   # middle item\n",[47,154485,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154487,95],{"class":94},[47,154489,99],{"class":98},[47,154491,5236],{"class":102},[47,154493,4092],{"class":98},[47,154495,1033],{"class":57},[47,154497,1476],{"class":80},[47,154499,20643],{"class":98},[47,154501,154502],{"class":3857},"  # last item\n",[20,154504,144],{},[38,154506,154508],{"className":40,"code":154507,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154509,154510,154514,154519],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154511,154512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154513,50226],{"class":53},[47,154515,154516],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154517,154518],{"class":53},"Ben\n",[47,154520,154521],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154522,154523],{"class":53},"Cara\n",[20,154525,154526],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[33,154528,154530],{"id":154529},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154532,154533],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154535,204],{},[38,154537,154539],{"className":40,"code":154538,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154540,154541,154573,154577],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154542,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154544,36284],{"class":53},[47,154546,58],{"class":57},[47,154548,9428],{"class":98},[47,154550,128],{"class":61},[47,154552,594],{"class":65},[47,154554,128],{"class":61},[47,154556,136],{"class":98},[47,154558,62],{"class":61},[47,154560,4957],{"class":65},[47,154562,128],{"class":61},[47,154564,136],{"class":98},[47,154566,62],{"class":61},[47,154568,9931],{"class":65},[47,154570,128],{"class":61},[47,154572,106],{"class":98},[47,154574,154575],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154576,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154578,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154580,95],{"class":94},[47,154582,99],{"class":98},[47,154584,36337],{"class":102},[47,154586,4092],{"class":98},[47,154588,232],{"class":80},[47,154590,4080],{"class":98},[20,154592,144],{},[38,154594,154596],{"className":40,"code":154595,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154597,154598,154610,154615],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154599,154600,154603,154605,154608],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154601,154602],{"class":102},"Traceback ",[47,154604,99],{"class":98},[47,154606,154607],{"class":102},"most recent call last",[47,154609,1483],{"class":98},[47,154611,154612],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154613,154614],{"class":1213},"  ...\n",[47,154616,154617,154619,154621,154623,154626],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154618,70915],{"class":1788},[47,154620,420],{"class":98},[47,154622,149275],{"class":1788},[47,154624,154625],{"class":53}," index out of ",[47,154627,71107],{"class":94},[20,154629,154630],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[187,154632,154633,154637,154641],{},[190,154634,154635],{},[15,154636,2321],{},[190,154638,154639],{},[15,154640,1476],{},[190,154642,154643],{},[15,154644,243],{},[20,154646,154647,154648,445],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[594,154649,154650,154652],{"href":149147},[15,154651,42550],{}," on a tuple",[38,154654,154656],{"className":40,"code":154655,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154657,154658,154690,154694,154710,154714,154732],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154659,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154661,36284],{"class":53},[47,154663,58],{"class":57},[47,154665,9428],{"class":98},[47,154667,128],{"class":61},[47,154669,594],{"class":65},[47,154671,128],{"class":61},[47,154673,136],{"class":98},[47,154675,62],{"class":61},[47,154677,4957],{"class":65},[47,154679,128],{"class":61},[47,154681,136],{"class":98},[47,154683,62],{"class":61},[47,154685,9931],{"class":65},[47,154687,128],{"class":61},[47,154689,106],{"class":98},[47,154691,154692],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154693,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154695,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154697,95],{"class":94},[47,154699,99],{"class":98},[47,154701,11355],{"class":94},[47,154703,99],{"class":98},[47,154705,36337],{"class":102},[47,154707,5556],{"class":98},[47,154709,50957],{"class":3857},[47,154711,154712],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,154713,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154715,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,154717,7192],{"class":1461},[47,154719,38578],{"class":94},[47,154721,99],{"class":98},[47,154723,36337],{"class":102},[47,154725,3854],{"class":98},[47,154727,38588],{"class":57},[47,154729,1562],{"class":80},[47,154731,6586],{"class":98},[47,154733,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,154735,1499],{"class":94},[47,154737,99],{"class":98},[47,154739,36337],{"class":102},[47,154741,4092],{"class":98},[47,154743,243],{"class":80},[47,154745,4080],{"class":98},[20,154747,154748,154749,445],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[594,154750,25878,154752],{"href":154751},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154753,154754],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[33,154756,154758],{"id":154757},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154760,154761],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[187,154763,154764,154766],{},[190,154765,77059],{},[190,154767,154768],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154770,154771],{},"Indexing example:",[38,154773,154775],{"className":40,"code":154774,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154776,154777,154801,154805],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154778,154779,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154780,3810],{"class":53},[47,154782,58],{"class":57},[47,154784,9428],{"class":98},[47,154786,582],{"class":80},[47,154788,136],{"class":98},[47,154790,7986],{"class":80},[47,154792,136],{"class":98},[47,154794,7991],{"class":80},[47,154796,136],{"class":98},[47,154798,51030],{"class":80},[47,154800,106],{"class":98},[47,154802,154803],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154804,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154806,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154808,95],{"class":94},[47,154810,99],{"class":98},[47,154812,195],{"class":102},[47,154814,4092],{"class":98},[47,154816,1476],{"class":80},[47,154818,4080],{"class":98},[20,154820,144],{},[38,154822,154823],{"className":40,"code":71408,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,154824,154825],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154826,154827],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154828,71408],{"class":80},[20,154830,154831],{},"Slicing example:",[38,154833,154835],{"className":40,"code":154834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154836,154837,154861,154865],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154838,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154840,3810],{"class":53},[47,154842,58],{"class":57},[47,154844,9428],{"class":98},[47,154846,582],{"class":80},[47,154848,136],{"class":98},[47,154850,7986],{"class":80},[47,154852,136],{"class":98},[47,154854,7991],{"class":80},[47,154856,136],{"class":98},[47,154858,51030],{"class":80},[47,154860,106],{"class":98},[47,154862,154863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154864,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,154866,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,154868,95],{"class":94},[47,154870,99],{"class":98},[47,154872,195],{"class":102},[47,154874,4092],{"class":98},[47,154876,1476],{"class":80},[47,154878,420],{"class":98},[47,154880,2263],{"class":80},[47,154882,4080],{"class":98},[20,154884,144],{},[38,154886,154888],{"className":40,"code":154887,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154889,154890],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154891,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154893,99],{"class":98},[47,154895,15949],{"class":80},[47,154897,136],{"class":98},[47,154899,7991],{"class":80},[47,154901,106],{"class":98},[20,154903,154904,154905,445],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[594,154906,150826],{"href":150825},[33,154908,154910],{"id":154909},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154912,154913],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154915,154916],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154918,6882],{},[38,154920,154922],{"className":40,"code":154921,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154923,154924,154956],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154925,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154927,13271],{"class":53},[47,154929,58],{"class":57},[47,154931,9428],{"class":98},[47,154933,128],{"class":61},[47,154935,876],{"class":65},[47,154937,128],{"class":61},[47,154939,136],{"class":98},[47,154941,62],{"class":61},[47,154943,885],{"class":65},[47,154945,128],{"class":61},[47,154947,136],{"class":98},[47,154949,62],{"class":61},[47,154951,894],{"class":65},[47,154953,128],{"class":61},[47,154955,106],{"class":98},[47,154957,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,154959,95],{"class":94},[47,154961,99],{"class":98},[47,154963,17698],{"class":102},[47,154965,4092],{"class":98},[47,154967,1476],{"class":80},[47,154969,4080],{"class":98},[20,154971,154972],{},"But this does not work:",[38,154974,154976],{"className":40,"code":154975,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154977,154978,155010],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,154979,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992,154994,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,154981,13271],{"class":53},[47,154983,58],{"class":57},[47,154985,9428],{"class":98},[47,154987,128],{"class":61},[47,154989,876],{"class":65},[47,154991,128],{"class":61},[47,154993,136],{"class":98},[47,154995,62],{"class":61},[47,154997,885],{"class":65},[47,154999,128],{"class":61},[47,155001,136],{"class":98},[47,155003,62],{"class":61},[47,155005,894],{"class":65},[47,155007,128],{"class":61},[47,155009,106],{"class":98},[47,155011,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155013,17698],{"class":53},[47,155015,4092],{"class":98},[47,155017,1476],{"class":80},[47,155019,13467],{"class":98},[47,155021,13470],{"class":57},[47,155023,62],{"class":61},[47,155025,22721],{"class":65},[47,155027,69],{"class":61},[20,155029,155030],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155032,155033],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[33,155035,1595],{"id":1594},[20,155037,155038],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[187,155040,155041,155047,155050,155053],{},[190,155042,132637,155043,11285,155045],{},[15,155044,1476],{},[15,155046,2321],{},[190,155048,155049],{},"Using an index that is too large",[190,155051,155052],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[190,155054,155055,155056],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155057,155058],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155060,62480],{},[38,155062,155064],{"className":40,"code":155063,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155065,155066,155076,155090,155104,155120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155067,155068,155070,155072,155074],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155069,95],{"class":94},[47,155071,99],{"class":98},[47,155073,147927],{"class":102},[47,155075,106],{"class":98},[47,155077,155078,155080,155082,155084,155086,155088],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155079,95],{"class":94},[47,155081,99],{"class":98},[47,155083,11355],{"class":94},[47,155085,99],{"class":98},[47,155087,147927],{"class":102},[47,155089,1796],{"class":98},[47,155091,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,155093,95],{"class":94},[47,155095,99],{"class":98},[47,155097,147927],{"class":102},[47,155099,4092],{"class":98},[47,155101,2321],{"class":80},[47,155103,4080],{"class":98},[47,155105,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,155107,95],{"class":94},[47,155109,99],{"class":98},[47,155111,147927],{"class":102},[47,155113,4092],{"class":98},[47,155115,1033],{"class":57},[47,155117,1476],{"class":80},[47,155119,4080],{"class":98},[47,155121,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,155123,95],{"class":94},[47,155125,99],{"class":98},[47,155127,1922],{"class":1788},[47,155129,99],{"class":98},[47,155131,147927],{"class":102},[47,155133,1796],{"class":98},[20,155135,155136],{},"These can help you confirm:",[187,155138,155139,155142,155144,155147],{},[190,155140,155141],{},"what the tuple contains",[190,155143,60969],{},[190,155145,155146],{},"what the first and last items are",[190,155148,155149],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[33,155151,1969],{"id":1968},[447,155153,155155],{"id":155154},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155157,155158,155159,445],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155160,2321],{},[447,155162,155164],{"id":155163},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155166,167,155167,155169],{},[15,155168,66039],{}," as the index:",[38,155171,155173],{"className":40,"code":155172,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155174,155175],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155176,155177,155179,155181,155183,155185],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155178,147927],{"class":53},[47,155180,4092],{"class":98},[47,155182,1033],{"class":57},[47,155184,1476],{"class":80},[47,155186,3828],{"class":98},[447,155188,155190],{"id":155189},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155192,155193],{},"Python raises:",[38,155195,155197],{"className":40,"code":155196,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155198,155199],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155200,155201,155203,155205,155207,155209],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155202,70915],{"class":1788},[47,155204,420],{"class":98},[47,155206,149275],{"class":1788},[47,155208,154625],{"class":53},[47,155210,71107],{"class":94},[447,155212,155214],{"id":155213},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155216,155217],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[33,155219,2075],{"id":2074},[187,155221,155222,155227,155231,155235,155241],{},[190,155223,155224],{},[594,155225,155226],{"href":147912},"How to create a tuple in Python",[190,155228,155229],{},[594,155230,150826],{"href":150825},[190,155232,155233],{},[594,155234,150831],{"href":149147},[190,155236,155237],{},[594,155238,26321,155239],{"href":154751},[15,155240,154754],{},[190,155242,155243],{},[594,155244,147909],{"href":147908},[2110,155246,155247],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":155249},[155250,155251,155252,155253,155254,155255,155256,155257,155258,155259,155265],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":154013,"depth":72,"text":154014},{"id":154139,"depth":72,"text":154140},{"id":154277,"depth":72,"text":154278},{"id":154404,"depth":72,"text":154405},{"id":154529,"depth":72,"text":154530},{"id":154757,"depth":72,"text":154758},{"id":154909,"depth":72,"text":154910},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":155260},[155261,155262,155263,155264],{"id":155154,"depth":84,"text":155155},{"id":155163,"depth":84,"text":155164},{"id":155189,"depth":84,"text":155190},{"id":155213,"depth":84,"text":155214},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153870,"description":155266},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155272,"title":155273,"body":155274,"description":157163,"extension":2167,"meta":157164,"navigation":87,"path":157165,"seo":157166,"stem":157167,"__hash__":157168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155275,"toc":157120},[155276,155282,155287,155338,155342,155350,155356,155358,155374,155376,155379,155394,155396,155409,155411,155468,155472,155480,155487,155493,155499,155503,155554,155558,155566,155570,155599,155603,155611,155615,155648,155652,155660,155664,155667,155718,155722,155730,155732,155749,155753,155757,155816,155820,155828,155831,155858,155862,155870,155874,155880,155955,155959,155996,156004,156008,156071,156075,156083,156088,156092,156098,156141,156145,156153,156159,156162,156209,156213,156221,156230,156236,156291,156295,156303,156306,156310,156312,156343,156347,156366,156369,156414,156418,156441,156447,156452,156454,156501,156506,156509,156557,156561,156569,156573,156578,156582,156632,156636,156651,156655,156713,156717,156732,156736,156807,156811,156820,156824,156903,156907,156929,156937,156939,156942,156967,156969,157022,157024,157041,157043,157047,157053,157058,157063,157067,157072,157076,157081,157087,157090,157092,157117],[10,155277,155279,155280,3854],{"id":155278},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155281,11355],{},[20,155283,167,155284,155286],{},[15,155285,42550],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[38,155288,155290],{"className":40,"code":155289,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155291,155292,155324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155293,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155295,13271],{"class":53},[47,155297,58],{"class":57},[47,155299,9428],{"class":98},[47,155301,128],{"class":61},[47,155303,876],{"class":65},[47,155305,128],{"class":61},[47,155307,136],{"class":98},[47,155309,62],{"class":61},[47,155311,885],{"class":65},[47,155313,128],{"class":61},[47,155315,136],{"class":98},[47,155317,62],{"class":61},[47,155319,894],{"class":65},[47,155321,128],{"class":61},[47,155323,106],{"class":98},[47,155325,155326,155328,155330,155332,155334,155336],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155327,95],{"class":94},[47,155329,99],{"class":98},[47,155331,11355],{"class":94},[47,155333,99],{"class":98},[47,155335,17698],{"class":102},[47,155337,1796],{"class":98},[20,155339,155340],{},[280,155341,144],{},[38,155343,155344],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155345,155346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155347,155348],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155349,46804],{"class":80},[20,155351,167,155352,155355],{},[15,155353,155354],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[33,155357,15357],{"id":15356},[187,155359,155360,155365,155369,155372],{},[190,155361,4392,155362,155364],{},[15,155363,42550],{}," works with tuples",[190,155366,68443,155367,11901],{},[15,155368,42550],{},[190,155370,155371],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[190,155373,4713],{},[33,155375,290],{"id":289},[20,155377,155378],{},"Use this pattern:",[38,155380,155382],{"className":40,"code":155381,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155383,155384],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155385,155386,155388,155390,155392],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155387,11355],{"class":94},[47,155389,99],{"class":98},[47,155391,147927],{"class":102},[47,155393,106],{"class":98},[20,155395,11653],{},[187,155397,155398,155401,155404],{},[190,155399,155400],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[190,155402,155403],{},"The result is an integer",[190,155405,155406,155408],{},[15,155407,42550],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155410,204],{},[38,155412,155414],{"className":40,"code":155413,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155415,155416,155440,155454,155458],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155417,155418,155420,155422,155424,155426,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155419,3810],{"class":53},[47,155421,58],{"class":57},[47,155423,9428],{"class":98},[47,155425,582],{"class":80},[47,155427,136],{"class":98},[47,155429,7986],{"class":80},[47,155431,136],{"class":98},[47,155433,7991],{"class":80},[47,155435,136],{"class":98},[47,155437,51030],{"class":80},[47,155439,106],{"class":98},[47,155441,155442,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155443,41431],{"class":53},[47,155445,58],{"class":57},[47,155447,38578],{"class":94},[47,155449,99],{"class":98},[47,155451,195],{"class":102},[47,155453,106],{"class":98},[47,155455,155456],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,155457,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,155459,155460,155462,155464,155466],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,155461,95],{"class":94},[47,155463,99],{"class":98},[47,155465,41449],{"class":102},[47,155467,106],{"class":98},[20,155469,155470],{},[280,155471,144],{},[38,155473,155474],{"className":40,"code":48837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155475,155476],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155477,155478],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155479,48837],{"class":80},[20,155481,155482,155483,445],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[594,155484,13,155485,2088],{"href":42547},[15,155486,42550],{},[33,155488,174,155490,155492],{"id":155489},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155491,42550],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155494,155495,155496,155498],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155497,42550],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[447,155500,155502],{"id":155501},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[38,155504,155506],{"className":40,"code":155505,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155507,155508,155540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155509,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536,155538],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155511,36433],{"class":53},[47,155513,58],{"class":57},[47,155515,9428],{"class":98},[47,155517,128],{"class":61},[47,155519,4272],{"class":65},[47,155521,128],{"class":61},[47,155523,136],{"class":98},[47,155525,62],{"class":61},[47,155527,4281],{"class":65},[47,155529,128],{"class":61},[47,155531,136],{"class":98},[47,155533,62],{"class":61},[47,155535,33418],{"class":65},[47,155537,128],{"class":61},[47,155539,106],{"class":98},[47,155541,155542,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155543,95],{"class":94},[47,155545,99],{"class":98},[47,155547,11355],{"class":94},[47,155549,99],{"class":98},[47,155551,36485],{"class":102},[47,155553,1796],{"class":98},[20,155555,155556],{},[280,155557,144],{},[38,155559,155560],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155561,155562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155563,155564],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155565,46804],{"class":80},[447,155567,155569],{"id":155568},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[38,155571,155573],{"className":40,"code":155572,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155574,155575,155584],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155576,155577,155580,155582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155578,155579],{"class":53},"empty_tuple ",[47,155581,58],{"class":57},[47,155583,149251],{"class":98},[47,155585,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594,155597],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155587,95],{"class":94},[47,155589,99],{"class":98},[47,155591,11355],{"class":94},[47,155593,99],{"class":98},[47,155595,155596],{"class":102},"empty_tuple",[47,155598,1796],{"class":98},[20,155600,155601],{},[280,155602,144],{},[38,155604,155605],{"className":40,"code":47439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155606,155607],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155608,155609],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155610,47439],{"class":80},[447,155612,155614],{"id":155613},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[38,155616,155618],{"className":40,"code":155617,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155619,155620,155633],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155621,155622,155625,155627,155629,155631],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155623,155624],{"class":53},"single_value ",[47,155626,58],{"class":57},[47,155628,9428],{"class":98},[47,155630,232],{"class":80},[47,155632,149265],{"class":98},[47,155634,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155646],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155636,95],{"class":94},[47,155638,99],{"class":98},[47,155640,11355],{"class":94},[47,155642,99],{"class":98},[47,155644,155645],{"class":102},"single_value",[47,155647,1796],{"class":98},[20,155649,155650],{},[280,155651,144],{},[38,155653,155654],{"className":40,"code":47104,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155655,155656],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155657,155658],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155659,47104],{"class":80},[447,155661,155663],{"id":155662},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155665,155666],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[38,155668,155670],{"className":40,"code":155669,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155671,155672,155704],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155673,155674,155676,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698,155700,155702],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155675,9359],{"class":53},[47,155677,58],{"class":57},[47,155679,9428],{"class":98},[47,155681,1476],{"class":80},[47,155683,136],{"class":98},[47,155685,9428],{"class":98},[47,155687,243],{"class":80},[47,155689,136],{"class":98},[47,155691,249],{"class":80},[47,155693,9425],{"class":98},[47,155695,3815],{"class":98},[47,155697,2700],{"class":80},[47,155699,136],{"class":98},[47,155701,4800],{"class":80},[47,155703,4080],{"class":98},[47,155705,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155707,95],{"class":94},[47,155709,99],{"class":98},[47,155711,11355],{"class":94},[47,155713,99],{"class":98},[47,155715,9396],{"class":102},[47,155717,1796],{"class":98},[20,155719,155720],{},[280,155721,144],{},[38,155723,155724],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155725,155726],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155727,155728],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155729,46804],{"class":80},[20,155731,20154],{},[187,155733,155734,155739,155744],{},[190,155735,155736,155738],{},[15,155737,1476],{}," is one item",[190,155740,155741,155738],{},[15,155742,155743],{},"(2, 3)",[190,155745,155746,155738],{},[15,155747,155748],{},"[4, 5]",[33,155750,155752],{"id":155751},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[447,155754,155756],{"id":155755},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[38,155758,155760],{"className":40,"code":155759,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155761,155762,155802],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155763,155764,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155765,13271],{"class":53},[47,155767,58],{"class":57},[47,155769,9428],{"class":98},[47,155771,128],{"class":61},[47,155773,876],{"class":65},[47,155775,128],{"class":61},[47,155777,136],{"class":98},[47,155779,62],{"class":61},[47,155781,885],{"class":65},[47,155783,128],{"class":61},[47,155785,136],{"class":98},[47,155787,62],{"class":61},[47,155789,894],{"class":65},[47,155791,128],{"class":61},[47,155793,136],{"class":98},[47,155795,62],{"class":61},[47,155797,22721],{"class":65},[47,155799,128],{"class":61},[47,155801,106],{"class":98},[47,155803,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155805,95],{"class":94},[47,155807,99],{"class":98},[47,155809,11355],{"class":94},[47,155811,99],{"class":98},[47,155813,17698],{"class":102},[47,155815,1796],{"class":98},[20,155817,155818],{},[280,155819,144],{},[38,155821,155822],{"className":40,"code":48837,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155823,155824],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155825,155826],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155827,48837],{"class":80},[447,155829,155569],{"id":155830},"empty-tuple-1",[38,155832,155834],{"className":40,"code":155833,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155835,155836,155844],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155837,155838,155840,155842],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155839,7975],{"class":53},[47,155841,58],{"class":57},[47,155843,149251],{"class":98},[47,155845,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155847,95],{"class":94},[47,155849,99],{"class":98},[47,155851,11355],{"class":94},[47,155853,99],{"class":98},[47,155855,8006],{"class":102},[47,155857,1796],{"class":98},[20,155859,155860],{},[280,155861,144],{},[38,155863,155864],{"className":40,"code":47439,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,155865,155866],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155867,155868],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155869,47439],{"class":80},[447,155871,155873],{"id":155872},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155875,155876,155877,155879],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[280,155878,4826],{}," always a tuple.",[38,155881,155883],{"className":40,"code":155882,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155884,155885,155897,155909,155913,155927,155941],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155886,155887,155889,155891,155893,155895],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155888,2750],{"class":53},[47,155890,58],{"class":57},[47,155892,9428],{"class":98},[47,155894,232],{"class":80},[47,155896,106],{"class":98},[47,155898,155899,155901,155903,155905,155907],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155900,2777],{"class":53},[47,155902,58],{"class":57},[47,155904,9428],{"class":98},[47,155906,232],{"class":80},[47,155908,149265],{"class":98},[47,155910,155911],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,155912,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,155914,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,155916,95],{"class":94},[47,155918,99],{"class":98},[47,155920,1922],{"class":1788},[47,155922,99],{"class":98},[47,155924,594],{"class":102},[47,155926,1796],{"class":98},[47,155928,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,155930,95],{"class":94},[47,155932,99],{"class":98},[47,155934,1922],{"class":1788},[47,155936,99],{"class":98},[47,155938,4957],{"class":102},[47,155940,1796],{"class":98},[47,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951,155953],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,155944,95],{"class":94},[47,155946,99],{"class":98},[47,155948,11355],{"class":94},[47,155950,99],{"class":98},[47,155952,4957],{"class":102},[47,155954,1796],{"class":98},[20,155956,155957],{},[280,155958,144],{},[38,155960,155962],{"className":40,"code":155961,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155963,155964,155978,155992],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,155965,155966,155968,155970,155972,155974,155976],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,155967,3482],{"class":57},[47,155969,3485],{"class":2266},[47,155971,3488],{"class":61},[47,155973,2389],{"class":65},[47,155975,3493],{"class":61},[47,155977,3496],{"class":57},[47,155979,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,155981,3482],{"class":57},[47,155983,3485],{"class":2266},[47,155985,3488],{"class":61},[47,155987,49139],{"class":65},[47,155989,3493],{"class":61},[47,155991,3496],{"class":57},[47,155993,155994],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,155995,47104],{"class":80},[20,155997,155998,155999,839,156002,445],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[594,156000,156001],{"href":147912},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[594,156003,149213],{"href":149212},[447,156005,156007],{"id":156006},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[38,156009,156011],{"className":40,"code":156010,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156012,156013,156057],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156014,156015,156017,156019,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156016,59657],{"class":53},[47,156018,58],{"class":57},[47,156020,9428],{"class":98},[47,156022,128],{"class":61},[47,156024,4272],{"class":65},[47,156026,128],{"class":61},[47,156028,136],{"class":98},[47,156030,3815],{"class":98},[47,156032,1476],{"class":80},[47,156034,136],{"class":98},[47,156036,1562],{"class":80},[47,156038,18258],{"class":98},[47,156040,9428],{"class":98},[47,156042,128],{"class":61},[47,156044,2374],{"class":65},[47,156046,128],{"class":61},[47,156048,136],{"class":98},[47,156050,62],{"class":61},[47,156052,11941],{"class":65},[47,156054,128],{"class":61},[47,156056,1796],{"class":98},[47,156058,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156060,95],{"class":94},[47,156062,99],{"class":98},[47,156064,11355],{"class":94},[47,156066,99],{"class":98},[47,156068,59710],{"class":102},[47,156070,1796],{"class":98},[20,156072,156073],{},[280,156074,144],{},[38,156076,156077],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156078,156079],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156080,156081],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156082,46804],{"class":80},[20,156084,156085,156087],{},[15,156086,42550],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[33,156089,156091],{"id":156090},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[447,156093,156095,156097],{"id":156094},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156096,42550],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[38,156099,156101],{"className":40,"code":156100,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156102,156103,156127],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156104,156105,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121,156123,156125],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156106,4263],{"class":53},[47,156108,58],{"class":57},[47,156110,9428],{"class":98},[47,156112,128],{"class":61},[47,156114,63781],{"class":65},[47,156116,128],{"class":61},[47,156118,136],{"class":98},[47,156120,62],{"class":61},[47,156122,42],{"class":65},[47,156124,128],{"class":61},[47,156126,106],{"class":98},[47,156128,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156130,95],{"class":94},[47,156132,99],{"class":98},[47,156134,11355],{"class":94},[47,156136,99],{"class":98},[47,156138,4307],{"class":102},[47,156140,1796],{"class":98},[20,156142,156143],{},[280,156144,144],{},[38,156146,156147],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156148,156149],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156150,156151],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156152,17252],{"class":80},[20,156154,156155,156156,156158],{},"This result is ",[15,156157,243],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156160,156161],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[38,156163,156165],{"className":40,"code":156164,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156166,156167,156191],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156168,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183,156185,156187,156189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156170,4263],{"class":53},[47,156172,58],{"class":57},[47,156174,9428],{"class":98},[47,156176,128],{"class":61},[47,156178,63781],{"class":65},[47,156180,128],{"class":61},[47,156182,136],{"class":98},[47,156184,62],{"class":61},[47,156186,42],{"class":65},[47,156188,128],{"class":61},[47,156190,106],{"class":98},[47,156192,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156194,95],{"class":94},[47,156196,99],{"class":98},[47,156198,11355],{"class":94},[47,156200,99],{"class":98},[47,156202,4307],{"class":102},[47,156204,4092],{"class":98},[47,156206,2321],{"class":80},[47,156208,3191],{"class":98},[20,156210,156211],{},[280,156212,144],{},[38,156214,156215],{"className":40,"code":17252,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156216,156217],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156218,156219],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156220,17252],{"class":80},[20,156222,20968,156223,156226,156227,445],{},[15,156224,156225],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156228,156229],{},"\"hi\"",[447,156231,156233,156235],{"id":156232},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156234,42550],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[38,156237,156239],{"className":40,"code":156238,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156240,156241,156277],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156242,156243,156245,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156244,4015],{"class":53},[47,156246,58],{"class":57},[47,156248,10187],{"class":98},[47,156250,1476],{"class":80},[47,156252,136],{"class":98},[47,156254,1562],{"class":80},[47,156256,9425],{"class":98},[47,156258,9428],{"class":98},[47,156260,2263],{"class":80},[47,156262,136],{"class":98},[47,156264,393],{"class":80},[47,156266,9425],{"class":98},[47,156268,9428],{"class":98},[47,156270,232],{"class":80},[47,156272,136],{"class":98},[47,156274,398],{"class":80},[47,156276,1796],{"class":98},[47,156278,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156280,95],{"class":94},[47,156282,99],{"class":98},[47,156284,11355],{"class":94},[47,156286,99],{"class":98},[47,156288,5553],{"class":102},[47,156290,1796],{"class":98},[20,156292,156293],{},[280,156294,144],{},[38,156296,156297],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156298,156299],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156300,156301],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156302,46804],{"class":80},[20,156304,156305],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[447,156307,156309],{"id":156308},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156311,25889],{},[38,156313,156315],{"className":40,"code":156314,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156316,156317,156329],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156318,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156320,2644],{"class":53},[47,156322,58],{"class":57},[47,156324,9428],{"class":98},[47,156326,582],{"class":80},[47,156328,106],{"class":98},[47,156330,156331,156333,156335,156337,156339,156341],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156332,95],{"class":94},[47,156334,99],{"class":98},[47,156336,1922],{"class":1788},[47,156338,99],{"class":98},[47,156340,2668],{"class":102},[47,156342,1796],{"class":98},[20,156344,156345],{},[280,156346,144],{},[38,156348,156350],{"className":40,"code":156349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156351,156352],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156353,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156355,3482],{"class":57},[47,156357,3485],{"class":2266},[47,156359,3488],{"class":61},[47,156361,2389],{"class":65},[47,156363,3493],{"class":61},[47,156365,3496],{"class":57},[20,156367,156368],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[38,156370,156372],{"className":40,"code":156371,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156373,156374,156386,156400],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156375,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156377,2644],{"class":53},[47,156379,58],{"class":57},[47,156381,9428],{"class":98},[47,156383,582],{"class":80},[47,156385,149265],{"class":98},[47,156387,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396,156398],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156389,95],{"class":94},[47,156391,99],{"class":98},[47,156393,1922],{"class":1788},[47,156395,99],{"class":98},[47,156397,2668],{"class":102},[47,156399,1796],{"class":98},[47,156401,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156403,95],{"class":94},[47,156405,99],{"class":98},[47,156407,11355],{"class":94},[47,156409,99],{"class":98},[47,156411,2668],{"class":102},[47,156413,1796],{"class":98},[20,156415,156416],{},[280,156417,144],{},[38,156419,156421],{"className":40,"code":156420,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156422,156423,156437],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156424,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433,156435],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156426,3482],{"class":57},[47,156428,3485],{"class":2266},[47,156430,3488],{"class":61},[47,156432,49139],{"class":65},[47,156434,3493],{"class":61},[47,156436,3496],{"class":57},[47,156438,156439],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156440,47104],{"class":80},[447,156442,156444,156446],{"id":156443},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156445,11355],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156448,44619,156449,156451],{},[15,156450,11355],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156453,44650],{},[38,156455,156457],{"className":40,"code":156456,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156458,156459,156467,156487],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156460,156461,156463,156465],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156462,11355],{"class":94},[47,156464,13470],{"class":57},[47,156466,423],{"class":80},[47,156468,156469,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156470,3810],{"class":53},[47,156472,58],{"class":57},[47,156474,9428],{"class":98},[47,156476,1476],{"class":80},[47,156478,136],{"class":98},[47,156480,1562],{"class":80},[47,156482,136],{"class":98},[47,156484,249],{"class":80},[47,156486,106],{"class":98},[47,156488,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156490,95],{"class":94},[47,156492,99],{"class":98},[47,156494,11355],{"class":94},[47,156496,99],{"class":98},[47,156498,195],{"class":102},[47,156500,1796],{"class":98},[20,156502,39845,156503,156505],{},[15,156504,11355],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156507,156508],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[38,156510,156512],{"className":40,"code":156511,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156513,156514,156523,156543],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156515,156516,156519,156521],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156517,156518],{"class":53},"length_value ",[47,156520,58],{"class":57},[47,156522,423],{"class":80},[47,156524,156525,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156526,3810],{"class":53},[47,156528,58],{"class":57},[47,156530,9428],{"class":98},[47,156532,1476],{"class":80},[47,156534,136],{"class":98},[47,156536,1562],{"class":80},[47,156538,136],{"class":98},[47,156540,249],{"class":80},[47,156542,106],{"class":98},[47,156544,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156546,95],{"class":94},[47,156548,99],{"class":98},[47,156550,11355],{"class":94},[47,156552,99],{"class":98},[47,156554,195],{"class":102},[47,156556,1796],{"class":98},[20,156558,156559],{},[280,156560,144],{},[38,156562,156563],{"className":40,"code":46804,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156564,156565],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156566,156567],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156568,46804],{"class":80},[33,156570,156572],{"id":156571},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156574,156575,156577],{},[15,156576,42550],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[447,156579,156581],{"id":156580},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[38,156583,156585],{"className":40,"code":156584,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156586,156587,156595,156599,156617],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156588,156589,156591,156593],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156590,7975],{"class":53},[47,156592,58],{"class":57},[47,156594,149251],{"class":98},[47,156596,156597],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156598,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,156600,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609,156611,156613,156615],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156602,7192],{"class":1461},[47,156604,38578],{"class":94},[47,156606,99],{"class":98},[47,156608,8006],{"class":102},[47,156610,3854],{"class":98},[47,156612,6601],{"class":57},[47,156614,4026],{"class":80},[47,156616,6586],{"class":98},[47,156618,156619,156621,156623,156625,156628,156630],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,156620,1499],{"class":94},[47,156622,99],{"class":98},[47,156624,128],{"class":61},[47,156626,156627],{"class":65},"The tuple is empty",[47,156629,128],{"class":61},[47,156631,106],{"class":98},[20,156633,156634],{},[280,156635,144],{},[38,156637,156639],{"className":40,"code":156638,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156640,156641],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156642,156643,156645,156647,156649],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156644,850],{"class":53},[47,156646,49139],{"class":1788},[47,156648,8291],{"class":57},[47,156650,8297],{"class":53},[447,156652,156654],{"id":156653},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[38,156656,156658],{"className":40,"code":156657,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156659,156660,156676,156680,156698],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156661,156662,156664,156666,156668,156670,156672,156674],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156663,51570],{"class":53},[47,156665,58],{"class":57},[47,156667,9428],{"class":98},[47,156669,2700],{"class":80},[47,156671,136],{"class":98},[47,156673,6188],{"class":80},[47,156675,106],{"class":98},[47,156677,156678],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156679,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,156681,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156683,7192],{"class":1461},[47,156685,38578],{"class":94},[47,156687,99],{"class":98},[47,156689,51595],{"class":102},[47,156691,3854],{"class":98},[47,156693,6601],{"class":57},[47,156695,1562],{"class":80},[47,156697,6586],{"class":98},[47,156699,156700,156702,156704,156706,156709,156711],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,156701,1499],{"class":94},[47,156703,99],{"class":98},[47,156705,128],{"class":61},[47,156707,156708],{"class":65},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[47,156710,128],{"class":61},[47,156712,106],{"class":98},[20,156714,156715],{},[280,156716,144],{},[38,156718,156720],{"className":40,"code":156719,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156721,156722],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156723,156724,156727,156729],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156725,156726],{"class":53},"This looks like an x",[47,156728,136],{"class":98},[47,156730,156731],{"class":53}," y coordinate\n",[447,156733,156735],{"id":156734},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[38,156737,156739],{"className":40,"code":156738,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156740,156741,156770,156774,156792],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156742,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156766,156768],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156744,11683],{"class":53},[47,156746,58],{"class":57},[47,156748,9428],{"class":98},[47,156750,128],{"class":61},[47,156752,13075],{"class":65},[47,156754,128],{"class":61},[47,156756,136],{"class":98},[47,156758,9497],{"class":80},[47,156760,136],{"class":98},[47,156762,62],{"class":61},[47,156764,156765],{"class":65},"Canada",[47,156767,128],{"class":61},[47,156769,106],{"class":98},[47,156771,156772],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156773,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,156775,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156777,7192],{"class":1461},[47,156779,38578],{"class":94},[47,156781,99],{"class":98},[47,156783,11777],{"class":102},[47,156785,3854],{"class":98},[47,156787,6601],{"class":57},[47,156789,249],{"class":80},[47,156791,6586],{"class":98},[47,156793,156794,156796,156798,156800,156803,156805],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,156795,1499],{"class":94},[47,156797,99],{"class":98},[47,156799,128],{"class":61},[47,156801,156802],{"class":65},"User record has the expected number of values",[47,156804,128],{"class":61},[47,156806,106],{"class":98},[20,156808,156809],{},[280,156810,144],{},[38,156812,156814],{"className":40,"code":156813,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156815,156816],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156817,156818],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156819,156813],{"class":53},[447,156821,156823],{"id":156822},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[38,156825,156827],{"className":40,"code":156826,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156828,156829,156861,156865,156885],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156830,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156832,36284],{"class":53},[47,156834,58],{"class":57},[47,156836,9428],{"class":98},[47,156838,128],{"class":61},[47,156840,594],{"class":65},[47,156842,128],{"class":61},[47,156844,136],{"class":98},[47,156846,62],{"class":61},[47,156848,4957],{"class":65},[47,156850,128],{"class":61},[47,156852,136],{"class":98},[47,156854,62],{"class":61},[47,156856,9931],{"class":65},[47,156858,128],{"class":61},[47,156860,106],{"class":98},[47,156862,156863],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156864,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,156866,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881,156883],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156868,1462],{"class":1461},[47,156870,69733],{"class":53},[47,156872,1468],{"class":1461},[47,156874,1471],{"class":94},[47,156876,99],{"class":98},[47,156878,11355],{"class":94},[47,156880,99],{"class":98},[47,156882,36337],{"class":102},[47,156884,69748],{"class":98},[47,156886,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,156888,1499],{"class":94},[47,156890,99],{"class":98},[47,156892,36348],{"class":102},[47,156894,136],{"class":98},[47,156896,70280],{"class":102},[47,156898,4092],{"class":98},[47,156900,36348],{"class":102},[47,156902,4080],{"class":98},[20,156904,156905],{},[280,156906,144],{},[38,156908,156909],{"className":40,"code":36360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,156910,156911,156917,156923],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156912,156913,156915],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156914,2321],{"class":80},[47,156916,36369],{"class":53},[47,156918,156919,156921],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156920,1476],{"class":80},[47,156922,36376],{"class":53},[47,156924,156925,156927],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,156926,243],{"class":80},[47,156928,36383],{"class":53},[20,156930,156931,156932,156934,156935,445],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[594,156933,149582],{"href":149581},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[594,156936,150826],{"href":150825},[33,156938,1595],{"id":1594},[20,156940,156941],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[187,156943,156944,156952,156959,156964],{},[190,156945,156946,156947,11285,156950],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156948,156949],{},"(5)",[15,156951,149416],{},[190,156953,1654,156954,156956,156957],{},[15,156955,11355],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156958,42550],{},[190,156960,1807,156961,156963],{},[15,156962,42550],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[190,156965,156966],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156968,32281],{},[38,156970,156972],{"className":40,"code":156971,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156973,156974,156984,156998,157012],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,156975,156976,156978,156980,156982],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,156977,95],{"class":94},[47,156979,99],{"class":98},[47,156981,147927],{"class":102},[47,156983,106],{"class":98},[47,156985,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,156987,95],{"class":94},[47,156989,99],{"class":98},[47,156991,1922],{"class":1788},[47,156993,99],{"class":98},[47,156995,147927],{"class":102},[47,156997,1796],{"class":98},[47,156999,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008,157010],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157001,95],{"class":94},[47,157003,99],{"class":98},[47,157005,11355],{"class":94},[47,157007,99],{"class":98},[47,157009,147927],{"class":102},[47,157011,1796],{"class":98},[47,157013,157014,157016,157018,157020],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,157015,1934],{"class":94},[47,157017,99],{"class":98},[47,157019,11355],{"class":94},[47,157021,106],{"class":98},[20,157023,155136],{},[187,157025,157026,157029,157032,157036],{},[190,157027,157028],{},"what value you are using",[190,157030,157031],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[190,157033,26218,157034,11901],{},[15,157035,42550],{},[190,157037,123300,157038,157040],{},[15,157039,42550],{}," is documented in Python",[33,157042,1969],{"id":1968},[447,157044,157046],{"id":157045},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157048,167,157049,157052],{},[15,157050,157051],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[447,157054,1973,157056,149086],{"id":157055},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157057,42550],{},[20,157059,46553,157060,157062],{},[15,157061,42550],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[447,157064,157066],{"id":157065},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157068,157069,157070,445],{},"The length is ",[15,157071,2321],{},[447,157073,157075],{"id":157074},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157077,150772,157078,157080],{},[15,157079,150775],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[447,157082,1973,157084,157086],{"id":157083},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157085,42550],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157088,157089],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[33,157091,2075],{"id":2074},[187,157093,157094,157100,157104,157108,157112],{},[190,157095,157096],{},[594,157097,13,157098,2088],{"href":42547},[15,157099,42550],{},[190,157101,157102],{},[594,157103,156001],{"href":147912},[190,157105,157106],{},[594,157107,149582],{"href":149581},[190,157109,157110],{},[594,157111,150826],{"href":150825},[190,157113,157114],{},[594,157115,157116],{"href":149212},"What is a tuple in Python",[2110,157118,157119],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":157121},[157122,157123,157124,157131,157137,157146,157152,157153,157162],{"id":15356,"depth":72,"text":15357},{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":155489,"depth":72,"text":157125,"children":157126},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157127,157128,157129,157130],{"id":155501,"depth":84,"text":155502},{"id":155568,"depth":84,"text":155569},{"id":155613,"depth":84,"text":155614},{"id":155662,"depth":84,"text":155663},{"id":155751,"depth":72,"text":155752,"children":157132},[157133,157134,157135,157136],{"id":155755,"depth":84,"text":155756},{"id":155830,"depth":84,"text":155569},{"id":155872,"depth":84,"text":155873},{"id":156006,"depth":84,"text":156007},{"id":156090,"depth":72,"text":156091,"children":157138},[157139,157141,157143,157144],{"id":156094,"depth":84,"text":157140},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156232,"depth":84,"text":157142},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156308,"depth":84,"text":156309},{"id":156443,"depth":84,"text":157145},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156571,"depth":72,"text":156572,"children":157147},[157148,157149,157150,157151],{"id":156580,"depth":84,"text":156581},{"id":156653,"depth":84,"text":156654},{"id":156734,"depth":84,"text":156735},{"id":156822,"depth":84,"text":156823},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":157154},[157155,157156,157158,157159,157160],{"id":157045,"depth":84,"text":157046},{"id":157055,"depth":84,"text":157157},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157065,"depth":84,"text":157066},{"id":157074,"depth":84,"text":157075},{"id":157083,"depth":84,"text":157161},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155273,"description":157163},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157170,"title":157171,"body":157172,"description":159557,"extension":2167,"meta":159558,"navigation":87,"path":159559,"seo":159560,"stem":159561,"__hash__":159562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157173,"toc":159518},[157174,157177,157180,157183,157206,157212,157214,157325,157329,157332,157342,157344,157443,157445,157522,157528,157532,157535,157558,157561,157578,157581,157583,157646,157648,157665,157676,157681,157683,157686,157692,157743,157745,157765,157769,157820,157822,157843,157847,157902,157904,157925,157929,157984,157986,158007,158011,158064,158066,158095,158097,158099,158102,158106,158163,158165,158186,158190,158243,158245,158270,158275,158279,158284,158302,158305,158368,158370,158391,158394,158455,158457,158478,158481,158524,158527,158531,158536,158540,158619,158621,158652,158656,158731,158733,158760,158764,158811,158813,158821,158826,158830,158833,158848,158850,158938,158940,158965,158968,159011,159020,159022,159025,159040,159043,159047,159101,159103,159123,159128,159132,159134,159172,159175,159225,159229,159302,159304,159341,159344,159346,159349,159369,159372,159441,159443,159456,159458,159462,159465,159469,159472,159477,159480,159486,159491,159493,159515],[10,157175,157171],{"id":157176},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157178,157179],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157181,157182],{},"Use this format:",[38,157184,157186],{"className":40,"code":157185,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157187,157188],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157189,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157191,49139],{"class":53},[47,157193,4092],{"class":98},[47,157195,36266],{"class":53},[47,157197,420],{"class":98},[47,157199,75610],{"class":53},[47,157201,420],{"class":98},[47,157203,75613],{"class":53},[47,157205,3828],{"class":98},[20,157207,850,157208,75646,157210,445],{},[15,157209,75610],{},[280,157211,65254],{},[33,157213,36],{"id":35},[38,157215,157217],{"className":40,"code":157216,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157218,157219,157247,157251,157272,157289,157306],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157220,157221,157223,157225,157227,157229,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157222,3810],{"class":53},[47,157224,58],{"class":57},[47,157226,9428],{"class":98},[47,157228,582],{"class":80},[47,157230,136],{"class":98},[47,157232,7986],{"class":80},[47,157234,136],{"class":98},[47,157236,7991],{"class":80},[47,157238,136],{"class":98},[47,157240,51030],{"class":80},[47,157242,136],{"class":98},[47,157244,5278],{"class":80},[47,157246,106],{"class":98},[47,157248,157249],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157250,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157252,157253,157255,157257,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157254,95],{"class":94},[47,157256,99],{"class":98},[47,157258,195],{"class":102},[47,157260,4092],{"class":98},[47,157262,1476],{"class":80},[47,157264,420],{"class":98},[47,157266,2700],{"class":80},[47,157268,20643],{"class":98},[47,157270,157271],{"class":3857},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[47,157273,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,157275,95],{"class":94},[47,157277,99],{"class":98},[47,157279,195],{"class":102},[47,157281,75719],{"class":98},[47,157283,2263],{"class":80},[47,157285,20643],{"class":98},[47,157287,157288],{"class":3857},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[47,157290,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,157292,95],{"class":94},[47,157294,99],{"class":98},[47,157296,195],{"class":102},[47,157298,74306],{"class":98},[47,157300,243],{"class":80},[47,157302,20643],{"class":98},[47,157304,157305],{"class":3857},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[47,157307,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,157309,95],{"class":94},[47,157311,99],{"class":98},[47,157313,195],{"class":102},[47,157315,74306],{"class":98},[47,157317,1033],{"class":57},[47,157319,1476],{"class":80},[47,157321,20643],{"class":98},[47,157323,157324],{"class":3857},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[33,157326,157328],{"id":157327},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157330,157331],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[187,157333,157334,157336,157339],{},[190,157335,75913],{},[190,157337,157338],{},"The result is a new tuple",[190,157340,157341],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157343,204],{},[38,157345,157347],{"className":40,"code":157346,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157348,157349,157397,157401,157419,157423,157433],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157350,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373,157375,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157352,36284],{"class":53},[47,157354,58],{"class":57},[47,157356,9428],{"class":98},[47,157358,128],{"class":61},[47,157360,594],{"class":65},[47,157362,128],{"class":61},[47,157364,136],{"class":98},[47,157366,62],{"class":61},[47,157368,4957],{"class":65},[47,157370,128],{"class":61},[47,157372,136],{"class":98},[47,157374,62],{"class":61},[47,157376,9931],{"class":65},[47,157378,128],{"class":61},[47,157380,136],{"class":98},[47,157382,62],{"class":61},[47,157384,18964],{"class":65},[47,157386,128],{"class":61},[47,157388,136],{"class":98},[47,157390,62],{"class":61},[47,157392,60632],{"class":65},[47,157394,128],{"class":61},[47,157396,106],{"class":98},[47,157398,157399],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157400,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157402,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157404,75843],{"class":53},[47,157406,58],{"class":57},[47,157408,70280],{"class":53},[47,157410,4092],{"class":98},[47,157412,1476],{"class":80},[47,157414,420],{"class":98},[47,157416,2700],{"class":80},[47,157418,3828],{"class":98},[47,157420,157421],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,157422,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157424,157425,157427,157429,157431],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,157426,95],{"class":94},[47,157428,99],{"class":98},[47,157430,75866],{"class":102},[47,157432,106],{"class":98},[47,157434,157435,157437,157439,157441],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,157436,95],{"class":94},[47,157438,99],{"class":98},[47,157440,36337],{"class":102},[47,157442,106],{"class":98},[20,157444,144],{},[38,157446,157448],{"className":40,"code":157447,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157449,157450,157478],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157451,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157453,99],{"class":98},[47,157455,3493],{"class":61},[47,157457,4957],{"class":65},[47,157459,3493],{"class":61},[47,157461,136],{"class":98},[47,157463,3488],{"class":61},[47,157465,9931],{"class":65},[47,157467,3493],{"class":61},[47,157469,136],{"class":98},[47,157471,3488],{"class":61},[47,157473,18964],{"class":65},[47,157475,3493],{"class":61},[47,157477,106],{"class":98},[47,157479,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157481,99],{"class":98},[47,157483,3493],{"class":61},[47,157485,594],{"class":65},[47,157487,3493],{"class":61},[47,157489,136],{"class":98},[47,157491,3488],{"class":61},[47,157493,4957],{"class":65},[47,157495,3493],{"class":61},[47,157497,136],{"class":98},[47,157499,3488],{"class":61},[47,157501,9931],{"class":65},[47,157503,3493],{"class":61},[47,157505,136],{"class":98},[47,157507,3488],{"class":61},[47,157509,18964],{"class":65},[47,157511,3493],{"class":61},[47,157513,136],{"class":98},[47,157515,3488],{"class":61},[47,157517,60632],{"class":65},[47,157519,3493],{"class":61},[47,157521,106],{"class":98},[20,157523,157524,157525,445],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[594,157526,147909],{"href":157527},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[33,157529,157531],{"id":157530},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157533,157534],{},"The full syntax is:",[38,157536,157538],{"className":40,"code":157537,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157539,157540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157541,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157543,147927],{"class":53},[47,157545,4092],{"class":98},[47,157547,36266],{"class":53},[47,157549,420],{"class":98},[47,157551,75610],{"class":53},[47,157553,420],{"class":98},[47,157555,75613],{"class":53},[47,157557,3828],{"class":98},[20,157559,157560],{},"Each part has a job:",[187,157562,157563,157568,157573],{},[190,157564,157565,157567],{},[15,157566,36266],{},": where slicing begins",[190,157569,157570,157572],{},[15,157571,75610],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[190,157574,157575,157577],{},[15,157576,75613],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157579,157580],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157582,204],{},[38,157584,157586],{"className":40,"code":157585,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157587,157588,157620,157624],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157589,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157591,3810],{"class":53},[47,157593,58],{"class":57},[47,157595,9428],{"class":98},[47,157597,582],{"class":80},[47,157599,136],{"class":98},[47,157601,7986],{"class":80},[47,157603,136],{"class":98},[47,157605,7991],{"class":80},[47,157607,136],{"class":98},[47,157609,51030],{"class":80},[47,157611,136],{"class":98},[47,157613,5278],{"class":80},[47,157615,136],{"class":98},[47,157617,76284],{"class":80},[47,157619,106],{"class":98},[47,157621,157622],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157623,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157625,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157627,95],{"class":94},[47,157629,99],{"class":98},[47,157631,195],{"class":102},[47,157633,4092],{"class":98},[47,157635,1476],{"class":80},[47,157637,420],{"class":98},[47,157639,232],{"class":80},[47,157641,420],{"class":98},[47,157643,243],{"class":80},[47,157645,4080],{"class":98},[20,157647,144],{},[38,157649,157651],{"className":40,"code":157650,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157652,157653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157654,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157656,99],{"class":98},[47,157658,15949],{"class":80},[47,157660,136],{"class":98},[47,157662,51030],{"class":80},[47,157664,106],{"class":98},[20,157666,157667,157668,157670,157671,157673,157674,445],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157669,1476],{},", stops before index ",[15,157672,232],{},", and moves by ",[15,157675,243],{},[20,157677,157678,157679,445],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[594,157680,149582],{"href":153008},[33,157682,76200],{"id":76199},[20,157684,157685],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[447,157687,157689,157690,6160],{"id":157688},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157691,76214],{},[38,157693,157695],{"className":40,"code":157694,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157696,157697,157725,157729],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157698,157699,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157700,3810],{"class":53},[47,157702,58],{"class":57},[47,157704,9428],{"class":98},[47,157706,582],{"class":80},[47,157708,136],{"class":98},[47,157710,7986],{"class":80},[47,157712,136],{"class":98},[47,157714,7991],{"class":80},[47,157716,136],{"class":98},[47,157718,51030],{"class":80},[47,157720,136],{"class":98},[47,157722,5278],{"class":80},[47,157724,106],{"class":98},[47,157726,157727],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157728,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157730,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157732,95],{"class":94},[47,157734,99],{"class":98},[47,157736,195],{"class":102},[47,157738,75719],{"class":98},[47,157740,2263],{"class":80},[47,157742,4080],{"class":98},[20,157744,144],{},[38,157746,157747],{"className":40,"code":151274,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,157748,157749],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157750,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157752,99],{"class":98},[47,157754,582],{"class":80},[47,157756,136],{"class":98},[47,157758,7986],{"class":80},[47,157760,136],{"class":98},[47,157762,7991],{"class":80},[47,157764,106],{"class":98},[447,157766,157768],{"id":157767},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[38,157770,157772],{"className":40,"code":157771,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157773,157774,157802,157806],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157775,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157777,3810],{"class":53},[47,157779,58],{"class":57},[47,157781,9428],{"class":98},[47,157783,582],{"class":80},[47,157785,136],{"class":98},[47,157787,7986],{"class":80},[47,157789,136],{"class":98},[47,157791,7991],{"class":80},[47,157793,136],{"class":98},[47,157795,51030],{"class":80},[47,157797,136],{"class":98},[47,157799,5278],{"class":80},[47,157801,106],{"class":98},[47,157803,157804],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157805,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157807,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157809,95],{"class":94},[47,157811,99],{"class":98},[47,157813,195],{"class":102},[47,157815,4092],{"class":98},[47,157817,243],{"class":80},[47,157819,77900],{"class":98},[20,157821,144],{},[38,157823,157825],{"className":40,"code":157824,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157826,157827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157828,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157830,99],{"class":98},[47,157832,37034],{"class":80},[47,157834,136],{"class":98},[47,157836,51030],{"class":80},[47,157838,136],{"class":98},[47,157840,5278],{"class":80},[47,157842,106],{"class":98},[447,157844,157846],{"id":157845},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[38,157848,157850],{"className":40,"code":157849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157851,157852,157880,157884],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157853,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157855,3810],{"class":53},[47,157857,58],{"class":57},[47,157859,9428],{"class":98},[47,157861,582],{"class":80},[47,157863,136],{"class":98},[47,157865,7986],{"class":80},[47,157867,136],{"class":98},[47,157869,7991],{"class":80},[47,157871,136],{"class":98},[47,157873,51030],{"class":80},[47,157875,136],{"class":98},[47,157877,5278],{"class":80},[47,157879,106],{"class":98},[47,157881,157882],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157883,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157885,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157887,95],{"class":94},[47,157889,99],{"class":98},[47,157891,195],{"class":102},[47,157893,4092],{"class":98},[47,157895,1476],{"class":80},[47,157897,420],{"class":98},[47,157899,2700],{"class":80},[47,157901,4080],{"class":98},[20,157903,144],{},[38,157905,157907],{"className":40,"code":157906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157908,157909],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157910,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157912,99],{"class":98},[47,157914,15949],{"class":80},[47,157916,136],{"class":98},[47,157918,7991],{"class":80},[47,157920,136],{"class":98},[47,157922,51030],{"class":80},[47,157924,106],{"class":98},[447,157926,157928],{"id":157927},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[38,157930,157932],{"className":40,"code":157931,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157933,157934,157966,157970],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157935,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157937,3810],{"class":53},[47,157939,58],{"class":57},[47,157941,9428],{"class":98},[47,157943,582],{"class":80},[47,157945,136],{"class":98},[47,157947,7986],{"class":80},[47,157949,136],{"class":98},[47,157951,7991],{"class":80},[47,157953,136],{"class":98},[47,157955,51030],{"class":80},[47,157957,136],{"class":98},[47,157959,5278],{"class":80},[47,157961,136],{"class":98},[47,157963,76284],{"class":80},[47,157965,106],{"class":98},[47,157967,157968],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,157969,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,157971,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,157973,95],{"class":94},[47,157975,99],{"class":98},[47,157977,195],{"class":102},[47,157979,74306],{"class":98},[47,157981,243],{"class":80},[47,157983,4080],{"class":98},[20,157985,144],{},[38,157987,157989],{"className":40,"code":157988,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157990,157991],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,157992,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,157994,99],{"class":98},[47,157996,582],{"class":80},[47,157998,136],{"class":98},[47,158000,7991],{"class":80},[47,158002,136],{"class":98},[47,158004,5278],{"class":80},[47,158006,106],{"class":98},[447,158008,158010],{"id":158009},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[38,158012,158014],{"className":40,"code":158013,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158015,158016,158044,158048],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158017,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158019,3810],{"class":53},[47,158021,58],{"class":57},[47,158023,9428],{"class":98},[47,158025,582],{"class":80},[47,158027,136],{"class":98},[47,158029,7986],{"class":80},[47,158031,136],{"class":98},[47,158033,7991],{"class":80},[47,158035,136],{"class":98},[47,158037,51030],{"class":80},[47,158039,136],{"class":98},[47,158041,5278],{"class":80},[47,158043,106],{"class":98},[47,158045,158046],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158047,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158049,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158051,95],{"class":94},[47,158053,99],{"class":98},[47,158055,195],{"class":102},[47,158057,74306],{"class":98},[47,158059,1033],{"class":57},[47,158061,1476],{"class":80},[47,158063,4080],{"class":98},[20,158065,144],{},[38,158067,158069],{"className":40,"code":158068,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158070,158071],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158074,99],{"class":98},[47,158076,76978],{"class":80},[47,158078,136],{"class":98},[47,158080,51030],{"class":80},[47,158082,136],{"class":98},[47,158084,7991],{"class":80},[47,158086,136],{"class":98},[47,158088,7986],{"class":80},[47,158090,136],{"class":98},[47,158092,373],{"class":80},[47,158094,106],{"class":98},[33,158096,76494],{"id":76493},[20,158098,154281],{},[20,158100,158101],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[447,158103,158105],{"id":158104},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[38,158107,158109],{"className":40,"code":158108,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158110,158111,158143,158147],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158112,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158114,3810],{"class":53},[47,158116,58],{"class":57},[47,158118,9428],{"class":98},[47,158120,582],{"class":80},[47,158122,136],{"class":98},[47,158124,7986],{"class":80},[47,158126,136],{"class":98},[47,158128,7991],{"class":80},[47,158130,136],{"class":98},[47,158132,51030],{"class":80},[47,158134,136],{"class":98},[47,158136,5278],{"class":80},[47,158138,136],{"class":98},[47,158140,76284],{"class":80},[47,158142,106],{"class":98},[47,158144,158145],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158146,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158148,158149,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158150,95],{"class":94},[47,158152,99],{"class":98},[47,158154,195],{"class":102},[47,158156,4092],{"class":98},[47,158158,1033],{"class":57},[47,158160,2263],{"class":80},[47,158162,77900],{"class":98},[20,158164,144],{},[38,158166,158168],{"className":40,"code":158167,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158169,158170],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158171,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182,158184],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158173,99],{"class":98},[47,158175,56877],{"class":80},[47,158177,136],{"class":98},[47,158179,5278],{"class":80},[47,158181,136],{"class":98},[47,158183,76284],{"class":80},[47,158185,106],{"class":98},[447,158187,158189],{"id":158188},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[38,158191,158193],{"className":40,"code":158192,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158194,158195,158223,158227],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158196,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158198,3810],{"class":53},[47,158200,58],{"class":57},[47,158202,9428],{"class":98},[47,158204,582],{"class":80},[47,158206,136],{"class":98},[47,158208,7986],{"class":80},[47,158210,136],{"class":98},[47,158212,7991],{"class":80},[47,158214,136],{"class":98},[47,158216,51030],{"class":80},[47,158218,136],{"class":98},[47,158220,5278],{"class":80},[47,158222,106],{"class":98},[47,158224,158225],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158226,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158228,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158230,95],{"class":94},[47,158232,99],{"class":98},[47,158234,195],{"class":102},[47,158236,75719],{"class":98},[47,158238,1033],{"class":57},[47,158240,1476],{"class":80},[47,158242,4080],{"class":98},[20,158244,144],{},[38,158246,158248],{"className":40,"code":158247,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158249,158250],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158251,158252,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158253,99],{"class":98},[47,158255,582],{"class":80},[47,158257,136],{"class":98},[47,158259,7986],{"class":80},[47,158261,136],{"class":98},[47,158263,7991],{"class":80},[47,158265,136],{"class":98},[47,158267,51030],{"class":80},[47,158269,106],{"class":98},[20,158271,158272,158273,445],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[594,158274,150831],{"href":157165},[33,158276,158278],{"id":158277},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158280,850,158281,158283],{},[15,158282,75613],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[187,158285,158286,158288,158290,158296],{},[190,158287,76750],{},[190,158289,76753],{},[190,158291,158292,158295],{},[15,158293,158294],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[190,158297,158298,158299,158301],{},"A step of ",[15,158300,2321],{}," is not allowed",[20,158303,158304],{},"Example with a positive step:",[38,158306,158308],{"className":40,"code":158307,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158309,158310,158342,158346],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158311,158312,158314,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338,158340],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158313,3810],{"class":53},[47,158315,58],{"class":57},[47,158317,9428],{"class":98},[47,158319,582],{"class":80},[47,158321,136],{"class":98},[47,158323,7986],{"class":80},[47,158325,136],{"class":98},[47,158327,7991],{"class":80},[47,158329,136],{"class":98},[47,158331,51030],{"class":80},[47,158333,136],{"class":98},[47,158335,5278],{"class":80},[47,158337,136],{"class":98},[47,158339,76284],{"class":80},[47,158341,106],{"class":98},[47,158343,158344],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158345,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158347,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158349,95],{"class":94},[47,158351,99],{"class":98},[47,158353,195],{"class":102},[47,158355,4092],{"class":98},[47,158357,1476],{"class":80},[47,158359,420],{"class":98},[47,158361,80777],{"class":80},[47,158363,420],{"class":98},[47,158365,243],{"class":80},[47,158367,4080],{"class":98},[20,158369,144],{},[38,158371,158373],{"className":40,"code":158372,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158374,158375],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158376,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158378,99],{"class":98},[47,158380,15949],{"class":80},[47,158382,136],{"class":98},[47,158384,51030],{"class":80},[47,158386,136],{"class":98},[47,158388,76284],{"class":80},[47,158390,106],{"class":98},[20,158392,158393],{},"Example with a negative step:",[38,158395,158397],{"className":40,"code":158396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158398,158399,158427,158431],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158400,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158402,3810],{"class":53},[47,158404,58],{"class":57},[47,158406,9428],{"class":98},[47,158408,582],{"class":80},[47,158410,136],{"class":98},[47,158412,7986],{"class":80},[47,158414,136],{"class":98},[47,158416,7991],{"class":80},[47,158418,136],{"class":98},[47,158420,51030],{"class":80},[47,158422,136],{"class":98},[47,158424,5278],{"class":80},[47,158426,106],{"class":98},[47,158428,158429],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158430,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158432,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158434,95],{"class":94},[47,158436,99],{"class":98},[47,158438,195],{"class":102},[47,158440,4092],{"class":98},[47,158442,2700],{"class":80},[47,158444,420],{"class":98},[47,158446,1476],{"class":80},[47,158448,420],{"class":98},[47,158450,1033],{"class":57},[47,158452,1476],{"class":80},[47,158454,4080],{"class":98},[20,158456,144],{},[38,158458,158460],{"className":40,"code":158459,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158461,158462],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158463,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158465,99],{"class":98},[47,158467,76978],{"class":80},[47,158469,136],{"class":98},[47,158471,51030],{"class":80},[47,158473,136],{"class":98},[47,158475,7991],{"class":80},[47,158477,106],{"class":98},[20,158479,158480],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[38,158482,158484],{"className":40,"code":158483,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158485,158486,158506,158510],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158487,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158489,3810],{"class":53},[47,158491,58],{"class":57},[47,158493,9428],{"class":98},[47,158495,582],{"class":80},[47,158497,136],{"class":98},[47,158499,7986],{"class":80},[47,158501,136],{"class":98},[47,158503,7991],{"class":80},[47,158505,106],{"class":98},[47,158507,158508],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158509,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158511,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158513,95],{"class":94},[47,158515,99],{"class":98},[47,158517,195],{"class":102},[47,158519,74306],{"class":98},[47,158521,2321],{"class":80},[47,158523,4080],{"class":98},[20,158525,158526],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[33,158528,158530],{"id":158529},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158532,158533,158534,33939],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[280,158535,49139],{},[447,158537,158539],{"id":158538},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[38,158541,158543],{"className":40,"code":158542,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158544,158545,158569,158573,158591,158595,158605],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158546,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565,158567],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158548,3810],{"class":53},[47,158550,58],{"class":57},[47,158552,9428],{"class":98},[47,158554,582],{"class":80},[47,158556,136],{"class":98},[47,158558,7986],{"class":80},[47,158560,136],{"class":98},[47,158562,7991],{"class":80},[47,158564,136],{"class":98},[47,158566,51030],{"class":80},[47,158568,106],{"class":98},[47,158570,158571],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158572,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158574,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158576,1290],{"class":53},[47,158578,58],{"class":57},[47,158580,4457],{"class":53},[47,158582,4092],{"class":98},[47,158584,1476],{"class":80},[47,158586,420],{"class":98},[47,158588,2263],{"class":80},[47,158590,3828],{"class":98},[47,158592,158593],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,158594,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158596,158597,158599,158601,158603],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,158598,95],{"class":94},[47,158600,99],{"class":98},[47,158602,1315],{"class":102},[47,158604,106],{"class":98},[47,158606,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615,158617],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,158608,95],{"class":94},[47,158610,99],{"class":98},[47,158612,1922],{"class":1788},[47,158614,99],{"class":98},[47,158616,1315],{"class":102},[47,158618,1796],{"class":98},[20,158620,144],{},[38,158622,158624],{"className":40,"code":158623,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158625,158626,158638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158627,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158629,99],{"class":98},[47,158631,15949],{"class":80},[47,158633,136],{"class":98},[47,158635,7991],{"class":80},[47,158637,106],{"class":98},[47,158639,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158641,3482],{"class":57},[47,158643,3485],{"class":2266},[47,158645,3488],{"class":61},[47,158647,49139],{"class":65},[47,158649,3493],{"class":61},[47,158651,3496],{"class":57},[447,158653,158655],{"id":158654},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[38,158657,158659],{"className":40,"code":158658,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158660,158661,158681,158685,158703,158707,158717],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158662,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158664,3810],{"class":53},[47,158666,58],{"class":57},[47,158668,9428],{"class":98},[47,158670,582],{"class":80},[47,158672,136],{"class":98},[47,158674,7986],{"class":80},[47,158676,136],{"class":98},[47,158678,7991],{"class":80},[47,158680,106],{"class":98},[47,158682,158683],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158684,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158686,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158688,1290],{"class":53},[47,158690,58],{"class":57},[47,158692,4457],{"class":53},[47,158694,4092],{"class":98},[47,158696,1476],{"class":80},[47,158698,420],{"class":98},[47,158700,243],{"class":80},[47,158702,3828],{"class":98},[47,158704,158705],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,158706,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158708,158709,158711,158713,158715],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,158710,95],{"class":94},[47,158712,99],{"class":98},[47,158714,1315],{"class":102},[47,158716,106],{"class":98},[47,158718,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,158720,95],{"class":94},[47,158722,99],{"class":98},[47,158724,1922],{"class":1788},[47,158726,99],{"class":98},[47,158728,1315],{"class":102},[47,158730,1796],{"class":98},[20,158732,144],{},[38,158734,158736],{"className":40,"code":158735,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158737,158738,158746],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158739,158740,158742,158744],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158741,99],{"class":98},[47,158743,15949],{"class":80},[47,158745,149265],{"class":98},[47,158747,158748,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158749,3482],{"class":57},[47,158751,3485],{"class":2266},[47,158753,3488],{"class":61},[47,158755,49139],{"class":65},[47,158757,3493],{"class":61},[47,158759,3496],{"class":57},[447,158761,158763],{"id":158762},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[38,158765,158767],{"className":40,"code":158766,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158768,158769,158789,158793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158770,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158772,3810],{"class":53},[47,158774,58],{"class":57},[47,158776,9428],{"class":98},[47,158778,582],{"class":80},[47,158780,136],{"class":98},[47,158782,7986],{"class":80},[47,158784,136],{"class":98},[47,158786,7991],{"class":80},[47,158788,106],{"class":98},[47,158790,158791],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158792,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158794,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807,158809],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158796,95],{"class":94},[47,158798,99],{"class":98},[47,158800,195],{"class":102},[47,158802,4092],{"class":98},[47,158804,232],{"class":80},[47,158806,420],{"class":98},[47,158808,2543],{"class":80},[47,158810,4080],{"class":98},[20,158812,144],{},[38,158814,158815],{"className":40,"code":8836,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,158816,158817],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158818,158819],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158820,8836],{"class":98},[20,158822,158823,158824,445],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[594,158825,156001],{"href":150888},[33,158827,158829],{"id":158828},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158831,158832],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[187,158834,158835,158837,158840,158845],{},[190,158836,77059],{},[190,158838,158839],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[190,158841,158842,158843],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158844,70915],{},[190,158846,158847],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158849,204],{},[38,158851,158853],{"className":40,"code":158852,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158854,158855,158875,158879,158896,158917],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158858,3810],{"class":53},[47,158860,58],{"class":57},[47,158862,9428],{"class":98},[47,158864,582],{"class":80},[47,158866,136],{"class":98},[47,158868,7986],{"class":80},[47,158870,136],{"class":98},[47,158872,7991],{"class":80},[47,158874,106],{"class":98},[47,158876,158877],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158878,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158880,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889,158891,158893],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158882,95],{"class":94},[47,158884,99],{"class":98},[47,158886,195],{"class":102},[47,158888,4092],{"class":98},[47,158890,1476],{"class":80},[47,158892,20643],{"class":98},[47,158894,158895],{"class":3857},"    # one item\n",[47,158897,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912,158914],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,158899,95],{"class":94},[47,158901,99],{"class":98},[47,158903,195],{"class":102},[47,158905,4092],{"class":98},[47,158907,1476],{"class":80},[47,158909,420],{"class":98},[47,158911,232],{"class":80},[47,158913,20643],{"class":98},[47,158915,158916],{"class":3857},"  # slice\n",[47,158918,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,158920,95],{"class":94},[47,158922,99],{"class":98},[47,158924,195],{"class":102},[47,158926,4092],{"class":98},[47,158928,232],{"class":80},[47,158930,420],{"class":98},[47,158932,2543],{"class":80},[47,158934,20643],{"class":98},[47,158936,158937],{"class":3857},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158939,144],{},[38,158941,158943],{"className":40,"code":158942,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158944,158945,158949,158961],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158946,158947],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158948,71408],{"class":80},[47,158950,158951,158953,158955,158957,158959],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158952,99],{"class":98},[47,158954,15949],{"class":80},[47,158956,136],{"class":98},[47,158958,7991],{"class":80},[47,158960,106],{"class":98},[47,158962,158963],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,158964,8836],{"class":98},[20,158966,158967],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[38,158969,158971],{"className":40,"code":158970,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158972,158973,158993,158997],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,158974,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,158976,3810],{"class":53},[47,158978,58],{"class":57},[47,158980,9428],{"class":98},[47,158982,582],{"class":80},[47,158984,136],{"class":98},[47,158986,7986],{"class":80},[47,158988,136],{"class":98},[47,158990,7991],{"class":80},[47,158992,106],{"class":98},[47,158994,158995],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,158996,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,158998,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007,159009],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159000,95],{"class":94},[47,159002,99],{"class":98},[47,159004,195],{"class":102},[47,159006,4092],{"class":98},[47,159008,232],{"class":80},[47,159010,4080],{"class":98},[20,159012,159013,159014,159016,159017,445],{},"This raises an ",[15,159015,70915],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[594,159018,154754],{"href":159019},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[33,159021,15371],{"id":77326},[20,159023,159024],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[187,159026,159027,159030,159032,159035],{},[190,159028,159029],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[190,159031,60877],{},[190,159033,159034],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[190,159036,159037,159038],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159039,2321],{},[20,159041,159042],{},"Here are a few examples.",[447,159044,159046],{"id":159045},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[38,159048,159049],{"className":40,"code":157849,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159050,159051,159079,159083],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159052,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065,159067,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159054,3810],{"class":53},[47,159056,58],{"class":57},[47,159058,9428],{"class":98},[47,159060,582],{"class":80},[47,159062,136],{"class":98},[47,159064,7986],{"class":80},[47,159066,136],{"class":98},[47,159068,7991],{"class":80},[47,159070,136],{"class":98},[47,159072,51030],{"class":80},[47,159074,136],{"class":98},[47,159076,5278],{"class":80},[47,159078,106],{"class":98},[47,159080,159081],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159082,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,159084,159085,159087,159089,159091,159093,159095,159097,159099],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159086,95],{"class":94},[47,159088,99],{"class":98},[47,159090,195],{"class":102},[47,159092,4092],{"class":98},[47,159094,1476],{"class":80},[47,159096,420],{"class":98},[47,159098,2700],{"class":80},[47,159100,4080],{"class":98},[20,159102,144],{},[38,159104,159105],{"className":40,"code":157906,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159106,159107],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159108,159109,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159110,99],{"class":98},[47,159112,15949],{"class":80},[47,159114,136],{"class":98},[47,159116,7991],{"class":80},[47,159118,136],{"class":98},[47,159120,51030],{"class":80},[47,159122,106],{"class":98},[20,159124,132333,159125,159127],{},[15,159126,2700],{}," is not included.",[447,159129,159131],{"id":159130},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159133,4720],{},[38,159135,159137],{"className":40,"code":159136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159138,159139,159163,159167],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159140,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159,159161],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159142,3810],{"class":53},[47,159144,58],{"class":57},[47,159146,9428],{"class":98},[47,159148,582],{"class":80},[47,159150,136],{"class":98},[47,159152,7986],{"class":80},[47,159154,136],{"class":98},[47,159156,7991],{"class":80},[47,159158,136],{"class":98},[47,159160,51030],{"class":80},[47,159162,106],{"class":98},[47,159164,159165],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159166,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,159168,159169],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159170,159171],{"class":3857},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159173,159174],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[38,159176,159177],{"className":40,"code":154834,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159178,159179,159203,159207],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159180,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193,159195,159197,159199,159201],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159182,3810],{"class":53},[47,159184,58],{"class":57},[47,159186,9428],{"class":98},[47,159188,582],{"class":80},[47,159190,136],{"class":98},[47,159192,7986],{"class":80},[47,159194,136],{"class":98},[47,159196,7991],{"class":80},[47,159198,136],{"class":98},[47,159200,51030],{"class":80},[47,159202,106],{"class":98},[47,159204,159205],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159206,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,159208,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217,159219,159221,159223],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159210,95],{"class":94},[47,159212,99],{"class":98},[47,159214,195],{"class":102},[47,159216,4092],{"class":98},[47,159218,1476],{"class":80},[47,159220,420],{"class":98},[47,159222,2263],{"class":80},[47,159224,4080],{"class":98},[447,159226,159228],{"id":159227},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[38,159230,159232],{"className":40,"code":159231,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159233,159234,159258,159262,159277,159281,159292],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159235,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159237,3810],{"class":53},[47,159239,58],{"class":57},[47,159241,9428],{"class":98},[47,159243,582],{"class":80},[47,159245,136],{"class":98},[47,159247,7986],{"class":80},[47,159249,136],{"class":98},[47,159251,7991],{"class":80},[47,159253,136],{"class":98},[47,159255,51030],{"class":80},[47,159257,106],{"class":98},[47,159259,159260],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159261,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,159263,159264,159267,159269,159271,159273,159275],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159265,159266],{"class":53},"slice_result ",[47,159268,58],{"class":57},[47,159270,4457],{"class":53},[47,159272,75719],{"class":98},[47,159274,243],{"class":80},[47,159276,3828],{"class":98},[47,159278,159279],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,159280,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,159282,159283,159285,159287,159290],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159284,95],{"class":94},[47,159286,99],{"class":98},[47,159288,159289],{"class":102},"slice_result",[47,159291,106],{"class":98},[47,159293,159294,159296,159298,159300],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,159295,95],{"class":94},[47,159297,99],{"class":98},[47,159299,195],{"class":102},[47,159301,106],{"class":98},[20,159303,144],{},[38,159305,159307],{"className":40,"code":159306,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159308,159309,159321],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159310,159311,159313,159315,159317,159319],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159312,99],{"class":98},[47,159314,582],{"class":80},[47,159316,136],{"class":98},[47,159318,7986],{"class":80},[47,159320,106],{"class":98},[47,159322,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159324,99],{"class":98},[47,159326,582],{"class":80},[47,159328,136],{"class":98},[47,159330,7986],{"class":80},[47,159332,136],{"class":98},[47,159334,7991],{"class":80},[47,159336,136],{"class":98},[47,159338,51030],{"class":80},[47,159340,106],{"class":98},[20,159342,159343],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[33,159345,113647],{"id":113646},[20,159347,159348],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[187,159350,159351,159354,159357,159363,159366],{},[190,159352,159353],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[190,159355,159356],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[190,159358,159359,159360],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159361,159362],{},"tuple[::0]",[190,159364,159365],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[190,159367,159368],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159370,159371],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[38,159373,159375],{"className":40,"code":159374,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159376,159377,159387,159405,159427],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159378,159379,159381,159383,159385],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159380,95],{"class":94},[47,159382,99],{"class":98},[47,159384,147927],{"class":102},[47,159386,106],{"class":98},[47,159388,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399,159401,159403],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159390,95],{"class":94},[47,159392,99],{"class":98},[47,159394,147927],{"class":102},[47,159396,4092],{"class":98},[47,159398,1476],{"class":80},[47,159400,420],{"class":98},[47,159402,2700],{"class":80},[47,159404,4080],{"class":98},[47,159406,159407,159409,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159408,95],{"class":94},[47,159410,99],{"class":98},[47,159412,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159414,99],{"class":98},[47,159416,147927],{"class":102},[47,159418,4092],{"class":98},[47,159420,1476],{"class":80},[47,159422,420],{"class":98},[47,159424,2700],{"class":80},[47,159426,3191],{"class":98},[47,159428,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,159430,95],{"class":94},[47,159432,99],{"class":98},[47,159434,11355],{"class":94},[47,159436,99],{"class":98},[47,159438,147927],{"class":102},[47,159440,1796],{"class":98},[20,159442,11364],{},[187,159444,159445,159447,159450,159453],{},[190,159446,155141],{},[190,159448,159449],{},"what the slice actually returns",[190,159451,159452],{},"that the result is a tuple",[190,159454,159455],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[33,159457,1969],{"id":1968},[447,159459,159461],{"id":159460},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159463,159464],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[447,159466,159468],{"id":159467},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159470,159471],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[447,159473,5339,159475,40151],{"id":159474},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159476,158294],{},[20,159478,159479],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[447,159481,159483,159484,2009],{"id":159482},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159485,70915],{},[20,159487,159488,159489,445],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159490,70915],{},[33,159492,2075],{"id":2074},[187,159494,159495,159499,159503,159507,159511],{},[190,159496,159497],{},[594,159498,156001],{"href":150888},[190,159500,159501],{},[594,159502,149582],{"href":153008},[190,159504,159505],{},[594,159506,150831],{"href":157165},[190,159508,159509],{},[594,159510,147909],{"href":157527},[190,159512,159513],{},[594,159514,154754],{"href":159019},[2110,159516,159517],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":159519},[159520,159521,159522,159523,159531,159535,159536,159541,159542,159547,159548,159556],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":157327,"depth":72,"text":157328},{"id":157530,"depth":72,"text":157531},{"id":76199,"depth":72,"text":76200,"children":159524},[159525,159527,159528,159529,159530],{"id":157688,"depth":84,"text":159526},"Get the first n items",{"id":157767,"depth":84,"text":157768},{"id":157845,"depth":84,"text":157846},{"id":157927,"depth":84,"text":157928},{"id":158009,"depth":84,"text":158010},{"id":76493,"depth":72,"text":76494,"children":159532},[159533,159534],{"id":158104,"depth":84,"text":158105},{"id":158188,"depth":84,"text":158189},{"id":158277,"depth":72,"text":158278},{"id":158529,"depth":72,"text":158530,"children":159537},[159538,159539,159540],{"id":158538,"depth":84,"text":158539},{"id":158654,"depth":84,"text":158655},{"id":158762,"depth":84,"text":158763},{"id":158828,"depth":72,"text":158829},{"id":77326,"depth":72,"text":15371,"children":159543},[159544,159545,159546],{"id":159045,"depth":84,"text":159046},{"id":159130,"depth":84,"text":159131},{"id":159227,"depth":84,"text":159228},{"id":113646,"depth":72,"text":113647},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":159549},[159550,159551,159552,159554],{"id":159460,"depth":84,"text":159461},{"id":159467,"depth":84,"text":159468},{"id":159474,"depth":84,"text":159553},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159482,"depth":84,"text":159555},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157171,"description":159557},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159564,"title":159565,"body":159566,"description":161389,"extension":2167,"meta":161390,"navigation":87,"path":35004,"seo":161391,"stem":161392,"__hash__":161393},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159567,"toc":161355},[159568,159573,159578,159582,159600,159603,159618,159624,159626,159683,159685,159717,159729,159735,159740,159743,159778,159784,159786,159789,159803,159806,159808,159831,159833,159851,159854,159870,159872,159875,159988,159990,160079,160082,160087,160093,160096,160099,160198,160200,160259,160264,160267,160336,160340,160372,160388,160393,160400,160407,160419,160421,160470,160472,160495,160501,160549,160554,160561,160569,160575,160578,160602,160605,160607,160683,160685,160710,160716,160719,160724,160728,160742,160744,160807,160809,160841,160844,160860,160862,160868,160875,160877,160896,160898,160916,160923,160928,160935,160937,160974,160977,160984,160988,160991,161049,161052,161055,161110,161112,161124,161130,161132,161136,161169,161176,161178,161241,161244,161246,161251,161265,161272,161280,161289,161298,161304,161310,161312,161352],[10,159569,13,159571,18],{"id":159570},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159572,2500],{},[20,159574,22,159575,159577],{},[15,159576,2500],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159579,62952,159580,104491],{},[15,159581,2500],{},[187,159583,159584,159587,159590,159593],{},[190,159585,159586],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[190,159588,159589],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[190,159591,159592],{},"debug confusing code",[190,159594,159595,159596],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[594,159597,159598],{"href":1405},[15,159599,1408],{},[20,159601,159602],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[38,159604,159606],{"className":40,"code":159605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(object)\n",[15,159607,159608],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159609,159610,159612,159614,159616],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159611,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159613,99],{"class":98},[47,159615,42588],{"class":1788},[47,159617,106],{"class":98},[20,159619,159620,159621,159623],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159622,2500],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[33,159625,3800],{"id":3799},[38,159627,159629],{"className":40,"code":159628,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159630,159631,159643,159657,159661,159669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159632,159633,159635,159637,159639,159641],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159634,54],{"class":53},[47,159636,58],{"class":57},[47,159638,62],{"class":61},[47,159640,5201],{"class":65},[47,159642,69],{"class":61},[47,159644,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159646,95],{"class":94},[47,159648,99],{"class":98},[47,159650,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159652,99],{"class":98},[47,159654,103],{"class":102},[47,159656,1796],{"class":98},[47,159658,159659],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159660,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,159662,159663,159665,159667],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,159664,2417],{"class":53},[47,159666,58],{"class":57},[47,159668,423],{"class":80},[47,159670,159671,159673,159675,159677,159679,159681],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159672,95],{"class":94},[47,159674,99],{"class":98},[47,159676,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159678,99],{"class":98},[47,159680,2438],{"class":102},[47,159682,1796],{"class":98},[20,159684,144],{},[38,159686,159687],{"className":40,"code":124994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159688,159689,159703],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159690,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699,159701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159692,3482],{"class":57},[47,159694,3485],{"class":2266},[47,159696,3488],{"class":61},[47,159698,3636],{"class":65},[47,159700,3493],{"class":61},[47,159702,3496],{"class":57},[47,159704,159705,159707,159709,159711,159713,159715],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159706,3482],{"class":57},[47,159708,3485],{"class":2266},[47,159710,3488],{"class":61},[47,159712,2389],{"class":65},[47,159714,3493],{"class":61},[47,159716,3496],{"class":57},[20,159718,167,159719,159722,159723,839,159726,445],{},[15,159720,159721],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159724,159725],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159727,159728],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[33,159730,13191,159732,159734],{"id":159731},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159733,2500],{}," function does",[20,159736,159737,159739],{},[15,159738,2500],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159741,159742],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[187,159744,159745,159750,159755,159760,159765,159770],{},[190,159746,159747,159749],{},[15,159748,3636],{}," for text",[190,159751,159752,159754],{},[15,159753,2389],{}," for whole numbers",[190,159756,159757,159759],{},[15,159758,2393],{}," for decimal numbers",[190,159761,159762,159764],{},[15,159763,8288],{}," for lists",[190,159766,159767,159769],{},[15,159768,9015],{}," for dictionaries",[190,159771,159772,69280,159774,839,159776],{},[15,159773,4060],{},[15,159775,3795],{},[15,159777,3868],{},[20,159779,159780,159781,159783],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159782,2500],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[33,159785,290],{"id":289},[20,159787,159788],{},"The main beginner form is:",[38,159790,159791],{"className":40,"code":159605,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159792,159793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159794,159795,159797,159799,159801],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159796,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159798,99],{"class":98},[47,159800,42588],{"class":1788},[47,159802,106],{"class":98},[20,159804,159805],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159807,204],{},[38,159809,159811],{"className":40,"code":159810,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159812,159813],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159814,159815,159817,159819,159821,159823,159825,159827,159829],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159816,95],{"class":94},[47,159818,99],{"class":98},[47,159820,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159822,99],{"class":98},[47,159824,128],{"class":61},[47,159826,4038],{"class":65},[47,159828,128],{"class":61},[47,159830,1796],{"class":98},[20,159832,144],{},[38,159834,159835],{"className":40,"code":45958,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,159836,159837],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159838,159839,159841,159843,159845,159847,159849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159840,3482],{"class":57},[47,159842,3485],{"class":2266},[47,159844,3488],{"class":61},[47,159846,3636],{"class":65},[47,159848,3493],{"class":61},[47,159850,3496],{"class":57},[20,159852,159853],{},"You can pass either:",[187,159855,159856,159863],{},[190,159857,159858,159859,3072,159861],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159860,64720],{},[15,159862,46713],{},[190,159864,159865,159866,3072,159868],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159867,103],{},[15,159869,116],{},[33,159871,121806],{"id":121805},[20,159873,159874],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[38,159876,159878],{"className":40,"code":159877,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159879,159880,159898,159912,159926,159948,159974],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159881,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159883,95],{"class":94},[47,159885,99],{"class":98},[47,159887,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159889,99],{"class":98},[47,159891,128],{"class":61},[47,159893,4038],{"class":65},[47,159895,128],{"class":61},[47,159897,1796],{"class":98},[47,159899,159900,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,159901,95],{"class":94},[47,159903,99],{"class":98},[47,159905,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159907,99],{"class":98},[47,159909,582],{"class":80},[47,159911,1796],{"class":98},[47,159913,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,159915,95],{"class":94},[47,159917,99],{"class":98},[47,159919,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159921,99],{"class":98},[47,159923,518],{"class":80},[47,159925,1796],{"class":98},[47,159927,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,159929,95],{"class":94},[47,159931,99],{"class":98},[47,159933,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159935,3178],{"class":98},[47,159937,1476],{"class":80},[47,159939,136],{"class":98},[47,159941,1562],{"class":80},[47,159943,136],{"class":98},[47,159945,249],{"class":80},[47,159947,3191],{"class":98},[47,159949,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,159951,95],{"class":94},[47,159953,99],{"class":98},[47,159955,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159957,5724],{"class":98},[47,159959,128],{"class":61},[47,159961,103],{"class":65},[47,159963,128],{"class":61},[47,159965,420],{"class":98},[47,159967,62],{"class":61},[47,159969,5201],{"class":65},[47,159971,128],{"class":61},[47,159973,5733],{"class":98},[47,159975,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,159977,95],{"class":94},[47,159979,99],{"class":98},[47,159981,1922],{"class":1788},[47,159983,99],{"class":98},[47,159985,3795],{"class":1334},[47,159987,1796],{"class":98},[20,159989,144],{},[38,159991,159993],{"className":40,"code":159992,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159994,159995,160009,160023,160037,160051,160065],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,159996,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005,160007],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,159998,3482],{"class":57},[47,160000,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160002,3488],{"class":61},[47,160004,3636],{"class":65},[47,160006,3493],{"class":61},[47,160008,3496],{"class":57},[47,160010,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160012,3482],{"class":57},[47,160014,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160016,3488],{"class":61},[47,160018,2389],{"class":65},[47,160020,3493],{"class":61},[47,160022,3496],{"class":57},[47,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160026,3482],{"class":57},[47,160028,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160030,3488],{"class":61},[47,160032,2393],{"class":65},[47,160034,3493],{"class":61},[47,160036,3496],{"class":57},[47,160038,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,160040,3482],{"class":57},[47,160042,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160044,3488],{"class":61},[47,160046,8288],{"class":65},[47,160048,3493],{"class":61},[47,160050,3496],{"class":57},[47,160052,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061,160063],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,160054,3482],{"class":57},[47,160056,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160058,3488],{"class":61},[47,160060,9015],{"class":65},[47,160062,3493],{"class":61},[47,160064,3496],{"class":57},[47,160066,160067,160069,160071,160073,160075,160077],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,160068,3482],{"class":57},[47,160070,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160072,3488],{"class":61},[47,160074,4060],{"class":65},[47,160076,3493],{"class":61},[47,160078,3496],{"class":57},[20,160080,160081],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160083,160084,160085,445],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[594,160086,44988],{"href":49164},[33,160088,1654,160090,160092],{"id":160089},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160091,2500],{}," with variables",[20,160094,160095],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160097,160098],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[38,160100,160102],{"className":40,"code":160101,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160103,160104,160112,160130,160134,160146,160164,160168,160180],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160105,160106,160108,160110],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160107,2644],{"class":53},[47,160109,58],{"class":57},[47,160111,423],{"class":80},[47,160113,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124,160126,160128],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160115,95],{"class":94},[47,160117,99],{"class":98},[47,160119,2668],{"class":102},[47,160121,136],{"class":98},[47,160123,49576],{"class":1788},[47,160125,99],{"class":98},[47,160127,2668],{"class":102},[47,160129,1796],{"class":98},[47,160131,160132],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160133,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,160135,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,160137,2644],{"class":53},[47,160139,58],{"class":57},[47,160141,62],{"class":61},[47,160143,46095],{"class":65},[47,160145,69],{"class":61},[47,160147,160148,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,160149,95],{"class":94},[47,160151,99],{"class":98},[47,160153,2668],{"class":102},[47,160155,136],{"class":98},[47,160157,49576],{"class":1788},[47,160159,99],{"class":98},[47,160161,2668],{"class":102},[47,160163,1796],{"class":98},[47,160165,160166],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,160167,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,160169,160170,160172,160174,160176,160178],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,160171,2644],{"class":53},[47,160173,58],{"class":57},[47,160175,3815],{"class":98},[47,160177,582],{"class":80},[47,160179,3828],{"class":98},[47,160181,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196],{"class":49,"line":6619},[47,160183,95],{"class":94},[47,160185,99],{"class":98},[47,160187,2668],{"class":102},[47,160189,136],{"class":98},[47,160191,49576],{"class":1788},[47,160193,99],{"class":98},[47,160195,2668],{"class":102},[47,160197,1796],{"class":98},[20,160199,144],{},[38,160201,160203],{"className":40,"code":160202,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160204,160205,160222,160239],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160206,160207,160209,160212,160214,160216,160218,160220],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160208,582],{"class":80},[47,160210,160211],{"class":57}," \u003C",[47,160213,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160215,3488],{"class":61},[47,160217,2389],{"class":65},[47,160219,3493],{"class":61},[47,160221,3496],{"class":57},[47,160223,160224,160227,160229,160231,160233,160235,160237],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160225,160226],{"class":53},"ten ",[47,160228,3482],{"class":57},[47,160230,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160232,3488],{"class":61},[47,160234,3636],{"class":65},[47,160236,3493],{"class":61},[47,160238,3496],{"class":57},[47,160240,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253,160255,160257],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160242,4092],{"class":98},[47,160244,582],{"class":80},[47,160246,13467],{"class":98},[47,160248,160211],{"class":57},[47,160250,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160252,3488],{"class":61},[47,160254,8288],{"class":65},[47,160256,3493],{"class":61},[47,160258,3496],{"class":57},[20,160260,160261,160263],{},[15,160262,2500],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160265,160266],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[38,160268,160270],{"className":40,"code":160269,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160271,160272,160290,160304,160308,160322],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160273,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160275,3584],{"class":53},[47,160277,58],{"class":57},[47,160279,8436],{"class":94},[47,160281,99],{"class":98},[47,160283,128],{"class":61},[47,160285,42061],{"class":65},[47,160287,128],{"class":61},[47,160289,106],{"class":98},[47,160291,160292,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160293,95],{"class":94},[47,160295,99],{"class":98},[47,160297,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160299,99],{"class":98},[47,160301,3610],{"class":102},[47,160303,1796],{"class":98},[47,160305,160306],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160307,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,160309,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318,160320],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,160311,122918],{"class":53},[47,160313,58],{"class":57},[47,160315,45467],{"class":1788},[47,160317,99],{"class":98},[47,160319,3610],{"class":102},[47,160321,106],{"class":98},[47,160323,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332,160334],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,160325,95],{"class":94},[47,160327,99],{"class":98},[47,160329,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160331,99],{"class":98},[47,160333,122941],{"class":102},[47,160335,1796],{"class":98},[20,160337,41311,160338,41315],{},[15,160339,9385],{},[38,160341,160342],{"className":40,"code":124994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160343,160344,160358],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160345,160346,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160347,3482],{"class":57},[47,160349,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160351,3488],{"class":61},[47,160353,3636],{"class":65},[47,160355,3493],{"class":61},[47,160357,3496],{"class":57},[47,160359,160360,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160361,3482],{"class":57},[47,160363,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160365,3488],{"class":61},[47,160367,2389],{"class":65},[47,160369,3493],{"class":61},[47,160371,3496],{"class":57},[20,160373,45891,160374,160378,160379,3072,160383,160387],{},[594,160375,160376],{"href":1405},[15,160377,1408],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[594,160380,160381],{"href":3068},[15,160382,3071],{},[594,160384,160385],{"href":3075},[15,160386,3078],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160389,160390,160391,445],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[594,160392,9174],{"href":9173},[33,160394,160396,10778,160398],{"id":160395},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160397,2500],{},[15,160399,44996],{},[20,160401,160402,839,160404,160406],{},[15,160403,2500],{},[15,160405,44996],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[187,160408,160409,160414],{},[190,160410,160411,160413],{},[15,160412,2500],{}," tells you the exact type",[190,160415,160416,160418],{},[15,160417,44996],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160420,204],{},[38,160422,160424],{"className":40,"code":160423,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160425,160426,160434,160438,160452],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160427,160428,160430,160432],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160429,2644],{"class":53},[47,160431,58],{"class":57},[47,160433,35038],{"class":80},[47,160435,160436],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160437,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,160439,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160441,95],{"class":94},[47,160443,99],{"class":98},[47,160445,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160447,99],{"class":98},[47,160449,2668],{"class":102},[47,160451,1796],{"class":98},[47,160453,160454,160456,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,160455,95],{"class":94},[47,160457,99],{"class":98},[47,160459,49062],{"class":94},[47,160461,99],{"class":98},[47,160463,2668],{"class":102},[47,160465,136],{"class":98},[47,160467,45467],{"class":1788},[47,160469,1796],{"class":98},[20,160471,144],{},[38,160473,160475],{"className":40,"code":160474,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160476,160477,160491],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160478,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160480,3482],{"class":57},[47,160482,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160484,3488],{"class":61},[47,160486,2389],{"class":65},[47,160488,3493],{"class":61},[47,160490,3496],{"class":57},[47,160492,160493],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160494,4172],{"class":1334},[20,160496,160497,160498,160500],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160499,44996],{}," is more practical.",[38,160502,160504],{"className":40,"code":160503,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160505,160506,160514,160518,160534],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160507,160508,160510,160512],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160509,2644],{"class":53},[47,160511,58],{"class":57},[47,160513,35038],{"class":80},[47,160515,160516],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160517,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,160519,160520,160522,160524,160526,160528,160530,160532],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160521,7192],{"class":1461},[47,160523,49799],{"class":94},[47,160525,99],{"class":98},[47,160527,2668],{"class":102},[47,160529,136],{"class":98},[47,160531,45467],{"class":1788},[47,160533,1483],{"class":98},[47,160535,160536,160538,160540,160542,160545,160547],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,160537,1499],{"class":94},[47,160539,99],{"class":98},[47,160541,128],{"class":61},[47,160543,160544],{"class":65},"This is an integer",[47,160546,128],{"class":61},[47,160548,106],{"class":98},[20,160550,167,160551,160553],{},[15,160552,2500],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160555,167,160556,160558,160559,7367],{},[15,160557,44996],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160560,7192],{},[20,160562,160563,160564,445],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[594,160565,13,160567,2088],{"href":160566},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160568,44996],{},[33,160570,160572,160573],{"id":160571},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160574,2500],{},[20,160576,160577],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[38,160579,160581],{"className":40,"code":160580,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160582,160583],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160584,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593,160596,160598,160600],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160586,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160588,99],{"class":98},[47,160590,103],{"class":102},[47,160592,136],{"class":98},[47,160594,160595],{"class":102}," bases",[47,160597,136],{"class":98},[47,160599,9364],{"class":1788},[47,160601,106],{"class":98},[20,160603,160604],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160606,204],{},[38,160608,160610],{"className":40,"code":160609,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160611,160612,160655,160659,160669],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160613,160614,160617,160619,160621,160623,160625,160628,160630,160632,160635,160637,160639,160642,160644,160646,160648,160651,160653],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160615,160616],{"class":53},"Person ",[47,160618,58],{"class":57},[47,160620,49576],{"class":1788},[47,160622,99],{"class":98},[47,160624,128],{"class":61},[47,160626,160627],{"class":65},"Person",[47,160629,128],{"class":61},[47,160631,136],{"class":98},[47,160633,160634],{"class":98}," (),",[47,160636,10683],{"class":98},[47,160638,128],{"class":61},[47,160640,160641],{"class":65},"species",[47,160643,128],{"class":61},[47,160645,420],{"class":98},[47,160647,62],{"class":61},[47,160649,160650],{"class":65},"human",[47,160652,128],{"class":61},[47,160654,30695],{"class":98},[47,160656,160657],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160658,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,160660,160661,160663,160665,160667],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160662,95],{"class":94},[47,160664,99],{"class":98},[47,160666,160627],{"class":102},[47,160668,106],{"class":98},[47,160670,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,160672,95],{"class":94},[47,160674,99],{"class":98},[47,160676,160627],{"class":102},[47,160678,445],{"class":98},[47,160680,160641],{"class":24948},[47,160682,106],{"class":98},[20,160684,144],{},[38,160686,160688],{"className":40,"code":160687,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160689,160690,160705],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160691,160692,160694,160696,160698,160701,160703],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160693,3482],{"class":57},[47,160695,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160697,3488],{"class":61},[47,160699,160700],{"class":65},"__main__.Person",[47,160702,3493],{"class":61},[47,160704,3496],{"class":57},[47,160706,160707],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160708,160709],{"class":53},"human\n",[20,160711,160712,160713,160715],{},"Most beginners do ",[280,160714,4826],{}," need this form.",[20,160717,160718],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[33,160720,5158,160722],{"id":160721},"when-to-use-type",[15,160723,2500],{},[20,160725,160726,12639],{},[15,160727,2500],{},[187,160729,160730,160733,160736,160739],{},[190,160731,160732],{},"debug unexpected values",[190,160734,160735],{},"check what a conversion produced",[190,160737,160738],{},"learn Python data types",[190,160740,160741],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160743,5667],{},[38,160745,160747],{"className":40,"code":160746,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160748,160749,160761,160775,160779,160793],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160750,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160752,34884],{"class":53},[47,160754,58],{"class":57},[47,160756,62],{"class":61},[47,160758,50432],{"class":65},[47,160760,69],{"class":61},[47,160762,160763,160765,160767,160769,160771,160773],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160764,2417],{"class":53},[47,160766,58],{"class":57},[47,160768,45467],{"class":1788},[47,160770,99],{"class":98},[47,160772,192],{"class":102},[47,160774,106],{"class":98},[47,160776,160777],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,160778,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,160780,160781,160783,160785,160787,160789,160791],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,160782,95],{"class":94},[47,160784,99],{"class":98},[47,160786,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160788,99],{"class":98},[47,160790,192],{"class":102},[47,160792,1796],{"class":98},[47,160794,160795,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,160796,95],{"class":94},[47,160798,99],{"class":98},[47,160800,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160802,99],{"class":98},[47,160804,2438],{"class":102},[47,160806,1796],{"class":98},[20,160808,144],{},[38,160810,160811],{"className":40,"code":124994,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160812,160813,160827],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160814,160815,160817,160819,160821,160823,160825],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160816,3482],{"class":57},[47,160818,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160820,3488],{"class":61},[47,160822,3636],{"class":65},[47,160824,3493],{"class":61},[47,160826,3496],{"class":57},[47,160828,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837,160839],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160830,3482],{"class":57},[47,160832,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160834,3488],{"class":61},[47,160836,2389],{"class":65},[47,160838,3493],{"class":61},[47,160840,3496],{"class":57},[20,160842,160843],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160845,160846,160847,2390,160851,17268,160855,160859],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[594,160848,160849],{"href":795},[15,160850,798],{},[594,160852,160853],{"href":3068},[15,160854,3071],{},[594,160856,160857],{"href":3075},[15,160858,3078],{}," are often the next step.",[33,160861,25556],{"id":25555},[20,160863,160864,160865,160867],{},"A few things about ",[15,160866,2500],{}," often confuse beginners.",[447,160869,160871,160874],{"id":160870},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160872,160873],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160876,64829],{},[38,160878,160880],{"className":40,"code":160879,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160881,160882],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160883,160884,160886,160888,160890,160892,160894],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160885,95],{"class":94},[47,160887,99],{"class":98},[47,160889,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160891,99],{"class":98},[47,160893,232],{"class":80},[47,160895,1796],{"class":98},[20,160897,122837],{},[38,160899,160900],{"className":40,"code":156349,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,160901,160902],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160903,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160905,3482],{"class":57},[47,160907,3485],{"class":2266},[47,160909,3488],{"class":61},[47,160911,2389],{"class":65},[47,160913,3493],{"class":61},[47,160915,3496],{"class":57},[20,160917,41096,160918,160920,160921,445],{},[280,160919,4826],{}," print just ",[15,160922,2389],{},[20,160924,6871,160925,160927],{},[15,160926,2500],{}," returns a class object.",[447,160929,160931,1270,160933],{"id":160930},"input-returns-str",[15,160932,1408],{},[15,160934,3636],{},[20,160936,79726],{},[38,160938,160940],{"className":40,"code":160939,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160941,160942,160960],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160943,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954,160956,160958],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160945,2644],{"class":53},[47,160947,58],{"class":57},[47,160949,8436],{"class":94},[47,160951,99],{"class":98},[47,160953,128],{"class":61},[47,160955,46498],{"class":65},[47,160957,128],{"class":61},[47,160959,106],{"class":98},[47,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,160963,95],{"class":94},[47,160965,99],{"class":98},[47,160967,1922],{"class":1788},[47,160969,99],{"class":98},[47,160971,2668],{"class":102},[47,160973,1796],{"class":98},[20,160975,160976],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160978,160979,160980,3072,160982,445],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160981,3071],{},[15,160983,3078],{},[447,160985,160987],{"id":160986},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160989,160990],{},"Avoid code like this:",[38,160992,160994],{"className":40,"code":160993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160995,160996,161004,161008,161034],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,160997,160998,161000,161002],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,160999,2644],{"class":53},[47,161001,58],{"class":57},[47,161003,35038],{"class":80},[47,161005,161006],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161007,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,161009,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028,161030,161032],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,161011,7192],{"class":1461},[47,161013,1789],{"class":1788},[47,161015,99],{"class":98},[47,161017,1922],{"class":1788},[47,161019,99],{"class":98},[47,161021,2668],{"class":102},[47,161023,5556],{"class":98},[47,161025,6601],{"class":57},[47,161027,62],{"class":61},[47,161029,159728],{"class":65},[47,161031,128],{"class":61},[47,161033,6586],{"class":98},[47,161035,161036,161038,161040,161042,161045,161047],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,161037,1499],{"class":94},[47,161039,99],{"class":98},[47,161041,128],{"class":61},[47,161043,161044],{"class":65},"It is an int",[47,161046,128],{"class":61},[47,161048,106],{"class":98},[20,161050,161051],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161053,161054],{},"Better options:",[38,161056,161058],{"className":40,"code":161057,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161059,161060,161068,161072,161092],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161061,161062,161064,161066],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161063,2644],{"class":53},[47,161065,58],{"class":57},[47,161067,35038],{"class":80},[47,161069,161070],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161071,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,161073,161074,161076,161078,161080,161082,161084,161086,161088,161090],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,161075,95],{"class":94},[47,161077,99],{"class":98},[47,161079,1922],{"class":1788},[47,161081,99],{"class":98},[47,161083,2668],{"class":102},[47,161085,3854],{"class":98},[47,161087,6601],{"class":57},[47,161089,45467],{"class":1788},[47,161091,106],{"class":98},[47,161093,161094,161096,161098,161100,161102,161104,161106,161108],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,161095,95],{"class":94},[47,161097,99],{"class":98},[47,161099,49062],{"class":94},[47,161101,99],{"class":98},[47,161103,2668],{"class":102},[47,161105,136],{"class":98},[47,161107,45467],{"class":1788},[47,161109,1796],{"class":98},[20,161111,144],{},[38,161113,161114],{"className":40,"code":4699,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,161115,161116,161120],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161117,161118],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161119,4172],{"class":1334},[47,161121,161122],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161123,4172],{"class":1334},[20,161125,161126,161127,161129],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161128,44996],{}," is the more useful check.",[33,161131,1595],{"id":1594},[20,161133,14927,161134,420],{},[15,161135,2500],{},[187,161137,161138,161148,161157,161166],{},[190,161139,1654,161140,161142,161143,161147],{},[15,161141,2500],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[594,161144,161145],{"href":1405},[15,161146,1408],{}," always returns a string",[190,161149,1807,161150,161152,161153,11285,161155],{},[15,161151,2500],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161154,2389],{},[15,161156,159728],{},[190,161158,1654,161159,44820,161162,161165],{},[15,161160,161161],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161163,161164],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[190,161167,161168],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161170,161171,161172,445],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[594,161173,161175],{"href":161174},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161177,144503],{},[38,161179,161181],{"className":40,"code":161180,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161182,161183,161197,161207,161221,161231],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161184,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161186,95],{"class":94},[47,161188,99],{"class":98},[47,161190,1922],{"class":1788},[47,161192,99],{"class":98},[47,161194,2668],{"class":102},[47,161196,1796],{"class":98},[47,161198,161199,161201,161203,161205],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161200,95],{"class":94},[47,161202,99],{"class":98},[47,161204,2668],{"class":102},[47,161206,106],{"class":98},[47,161208,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,161210,95],{"class":94},[47,161212,99],{"class":98},[47,161214,41969],{"class":94},[47,161216,99],{"class":98},[47,161218,2668],{"class":102},[47,161220,1796],{"class":98},[47,161222,161223,161225,161227,161229],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,161224,1934],{"class":94},[47,161226,99],{"class":98},[47,161228,1922],{"class":1788},[47,161230,106],{"class":98},[47,161232,161233,161235,161237,161239],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,161234,34570],{"class":94},[47,161236,99],{"class":98},[47,161238,2668],{"class":102},[47,161240,106],{"class":98},[20,161242,161243],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[33,161245,1969],{"id":1968},[447,161247,5339,161249,5342],{"id":161248},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161250,2500],{},[20,161252,161253,161254,2390,161256,2390,161258,2394,161260,161262,161263,445],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161255,3636],{},[15,161257,2389],{},[15,161259,8288],{},[15,161261,9015],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161264,159725],{},[447,161266,15097,161268,57390,161270,2009],{"id":161267},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161269,2500],{},[15,161271,44996],{},[20,161273,46553,161274,161276,161277,161279],{},[15,161275,2500],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161278,44996],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[447,161281,2002,161283,161286,161287,2009],{"id":161282},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161284,161285],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161288,3636],{},[20,161290,2012,161291,161293,161294,3072,161296,160387],{},[15,161292,1408],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161295,3071],{},[15,161297,3078],{},[447,161299,1989,161301,161303],{"id":161300},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161302,2500],{}," create classes?",[20,161305,161306,161307,445],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161308,161309],{},"type(object)",[33,161311,2075],{"id":2074},[187,161313,161314,161318,161324,161330,161334,161340,161346],{},[190,161315,161316],{},[594,161317,44988],{"href":49164},[190,161319,161320],{},[594,161321,13,161322,2088],{"href":160566},[15,161323,44996],{},[190,161325,161326],{},[594,161327,13,161328,2088],{"href":1405},[15,161329,1408],{},[190,161331,161332],{},[594,161333,9251],{"href":9173},[190,161335,161336],{},[594,161337,13,161338,2088],{"href":3068},[15,161339,3071],{},[190,161341,161342],{},[594,161343,13,161344,2088],{"href":3075},[15,161345,3078],{},[190,161347,161348],{},[594,161349,13,161350,2088],{"href":795},[15,161351,798],{},[2110,161353,161354],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":161356},[161357,161358,161360,161361,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161377,161378,161388],{"id":3799,"depth":72,"text":3800},{"id":159731,"depth":72,"text":161359},"What the type() function does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":121805,"depth":72,"text":121806},{"id":160089,"depth":72,"text":161363},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160395,"depth":72,"text":161365},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160571,"depth":72,"text":161367},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160721,"depth":72,"text":161369},"When to use type()",{"id":25555,"depth":72,"text":25556,"children":161371},[161372,161374,161376],{"id":160870,"depth":84,"text":161373},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160930,"depth":84,"text":161375},"input() returns str",{"id":160986,"depth":84,"text":160987},{"id":1594,"depth":72,"text":1595},{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":161379},[161380,161382,161384,161386],{"id":161248,"depth":84,"text":161381},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161267,"depth":84,"text":161383},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161282,"depth":84,"text":161385},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161300,"depth":84,"text":161387},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159565,"description":161389},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161395,"title":161396,"body":161397,"description":163876,"extension":2167,"meta":163877,"navigation":87,"path":163878,"seo":163879,"stem":163880,"__hash__":163881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161398,"toc":163833},[161399,161404,161409,161418,161420,161520,161522,161547,161552,161557,161573,161576,161578,161580,161605,161608,161611,161694,161696,161745,161748,161870,161872,161945,161949,161952,162066,162068,162094,162096,162117,162122,162126,162131,162134,162238,162240,162257,162266,162269,162356,162358,162369,162374,162380,162385,162391,162394,162487,162489,162538,162544,162547,162648,162650,162703,162708,162712,162715,162814,162816,162855,162858,162863,162865,162870,162874,162987,162991,163088,163092,163180,163182,163199,163203,163326,163332,163338,163344,163349,163352,163379,163383,163385,163479,163482,163486,163489,163576,163579,163614,163616,163653,163656,163664,163669,163674,163748,163755,163757,163762,163765,163771,163774,163780,163785,163791,163796,163800,163803,163805,163830],[10,161400,13,161402,18],{"id":161401},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161403,64505],{},[20,161405,161406,161408],{},[15,161407,64505],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161410,161411,161412,161414,161415,161417],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161413,64505],{}," inside a ",[15,161416,1462],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[33,161419,36],{"id":35},[38,161421,161423],{"className":40,"code":161422,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161424,161425,161457,161477,161481,161506],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161426,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161428,5192],{"class":53},[47,161430,58],{"class":57},[47,161432,3815],{"class":98},[47,161434,128],{"class":61},[47,161436,13075],{"class":65},[47,161438,128],{"class":61},[47,161440,136],{"class":98},[47,161442,62],{"class":61},[47,161444,36135],{"class":65},[47,161446,128],{"class":61},[47,161448,136],{"class":98},[47,161450,62],{"class":61},[47,161452,36144],{"class":65},[47,161454,128],{"class":61},[47,161456,3828],{"class":98},[47,161458,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161460,5261],{"class":53},[47,161462,58],{"class":57},[47,161464,3815],{"class":98},[47,161466,13696],{"class":80},[47,161468,136],{"class":98},[47,161470,13701],{"class":80},[47,161472,136],{"class":98},[47,161474,29120],{"class":80},[47,161476,3828],{"class":98},[47,161478,161479],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,161480,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,161482,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,161484,1462],{"class":1461},[47,161486,139],{"class":53},[47,161488,136],{"class":98},[47,161490,5302],{"class":53},[47,161492,1468],{"class":1461},[47,161494,161495],{"class":94}," zip",[47,161497,99],{"class":98},[47,161499,5236],{"class":102},[47,161501,136],{"class":98},[47,161503,5307],{"class":102},[47,161505,1483],{"class":98},[47,161507,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,161509,1499],{"class":94},[47,161511,99],{"class":98},[47,161513,103],{"class":102},[47,161515,136],{"class":98},[47,161517,130783],{"class":102},[47,161519,106],{"class":98},[20,161521,144],{},[38,161523,161525],{"className":40,"code":161524,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161526,161527,161533,161540],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161528,161529,161531],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161530,133802],{"class":53},[47,161532,33333],{"class":80},[47,161534,161535,161538],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161536,161537],{"class":53},"Ben ",[47,161539,33338],{"class":80},[47,161541,161542,161545],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,161543,161544],{"class":53},"Cara ",[47,161546,33343],{"class":80},[20,161548,167,161549,161551],{},[15,161550,64505],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[33,161553,174,161555,177],{"id":161554},"what-zip-does",[15,161556,64505],{},[187,161558,161559,161564,161567,161570],{},[190,161560,161561,161563],{},[15,161562,64505],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[190,161565,161566],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[190,161568,161569],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[190,161571,161572],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161574,161575],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[33,161577,290],{"id":289},[20,161579,7413],{},[38,161581,161583],{"className":40,"code":161582,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161584,161585],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161586,161587,161589,161591,161594,161596,161599,161601,161603],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161588,64575],{"class":94},[47,161590,99],{"class":98},[47,161592,161593],{"class":102},"iterable1",[47,161595,136],{"class":98},[47,161597,161598],{"class":102}," iterable2",[47,161600,136],{"class":98},[47,161602,317],{"class":94},[47,161604,106],{"class":98},[20,161606,161607],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161609,161610],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[38,161612,161614],{"className":40,"code":161613,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161615,161616,161636,161668,161672],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161617,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161619,3810],{"class":53},[47,161621,58],{"class":57},[47,161623,3815],{"class":98},[47,161625,1476],{"class":80},[47,161627,136],{"class":98},[47,161629,1562],{"class":80},[47,161631,136],{"class":98},[47,161633,249],{"class":80},[47,161635,3828],{"class":98},[47,161637,161638,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161639,36284],{"class":53},[47,161641,58],{"class":57},[47,161643,3815],{"class":98},[47,161645,128],{"class":61},[47,161647,594],{"class":65},[47,161649,128],{"class":61},[47,161651,136],{"class":98},[47,161653,62],{"class":61},[47,161655,4957],{"class":65},[47,161657,128],{"class":61},[47,161659,136],{"class":98},[47,161661,62],{"class":61},[47,161663,9931],{"class":65},[47,161665,128],{"class":61},[47,161667,3828],{"class":98},[47,161669,161670],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,161671,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,161673,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,161675,95],{"class":94},[47,161677,99],{"class":98},[47,161679,8288],{"class":1788},[47,161681,99],{"class":98},[47,161683,64575],{"class":94},[47,161685,99],{"class":98},[47,161687,195],{"class":102},[47,161689,136],{"class":98},[47,161691,70280],{"class":102},[47,161693,3106],{"class":98},[20,161695,144],{},[38,161697,161699],{"className":40,"code":161698,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161700,161701],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161702,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161704,21937],{"class":98},[47,161706,1476],{"class":80},[47,161708,136],{"class":98},[47,161710,3488],{"class":61},[47,161712,594],{"class":65},[47,161714,3493],{"class":61},[47,161716,9425],{"class":98},[47,161718,9428],{"class":98},[47,161720,243],{"class":80},[47,161722,136],{"class":98},[47,161724,3488],{"class":61},[47,161726,4957],{"class":65},[47,161728,3493],{"class":61},[47,161730,9425],{"class":98},[47,161732,9428],{"class":98},[47,161734,2263],{"class":80},[47,161736,136],{"class":98},[47,161738,3488],{"class":61},[47,161740,9931],{"class":65},[47,161742,3493],{"class":61},[47,161744,9441],{"class":98},[20,161746,161747],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[38,161749,161751],{"className":40,"code":161750,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161752,161753,161785,161805,161839,161843],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161754,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161756,5192],{"class":53},[47,161758,58],{"class":57},[47,161760,3815],{"class":98},[47,161762,128],{"class":61},[47,161764,13075],{"class":65},[47,161766,128],{"class":61},[47,161768,136],{"class":98},[47,161770,62],{"class":61},[47,161772,36135],{"class":65},[47,161774,128],{"class":61},[47,161776,136],{"class":98},[47,161778,62],{"class":61},[47,161780,36144],{"class":65},[47,161782,128],{"class":61},[47,161784,3828],{"class":98},[47,161786,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161788,5261],{"class":53},[47,161790,58],{"class":57},[47,161792,3815],{"class":98},[47,161794,13696],{"class":80},[47,161796,136],{"class":98},[47,161798,13701],{"class":80},[47,161800,136],{"class":98},[47,161802,29120],{"class":80},[47,161804,3828],{"class":98},[47,161806,161807,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161835,161837],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,161808,161809],{"class":53},"grades ",[47,161811,58],{"class":57},[47,161813,3815],{"class":98},[47,161815,128],{"class":61},[47,161817,22442],{"class":65},[47,161819,128],{"class":61},[47,161821,136],{"class":98},[47,161823,62],{"class":61},[47,161825,30799],{"class":65},[47,161827,128],{"class":61},[47,161829,136],{"class":98},[47,161831,62],{"class":61},[47,161833,161834],{"class":65},"B+",[47,161836,128],{"class":61},[47,161838,3828],{"class":98},[47,161840,161841],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,161842,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,161844,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161868],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,161846,95],{"class":94},[47,161848,99],{"class":98},[47,161850,8288],{"class":1788},[47,161852,99],{"class":98},[47,161854,64575],{"class":94},[47,161856,99],{"class":98},[47,161858,5236],{"class":102},[47,161860,136],{"class":98},[47,161862,5307],{"class":102},[47,161864,136],{"class":98},[47,161866,161867],{"class":102}," grades",[47,161869,3106],{"class":98},[20,161871,144],{},[38,161873,161875],{"className":40,"code":161874,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161876,161877],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161878,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161880,21937],{"class":98},[47,161882,3493],{"class":61},[47,161884,13075],{"class":65},[47,161886,3493],{"class":61},[47,161888,136],{"class":98},[47,161890,20095],{"class":80},[47,161892,136],{"class":98},[47,161894,3488],{"class":61},[47,161896,22442],{"class":65},[47,161898,3493],{"class":61},[47,161900,9425],{"class":98},[47,161902,9428],{"class":98},[47,161904,3493],{"class":61},[47,161906,36135],{"class":65},[47,161908,3493],{"class":61},[47,161910,136],{"class":98},[47,161912,13701],{"class":80},[47,161914,136],{"class":98},[47,161916,3488],{"class":61},[47,161918,30799],{"class":65},[47,161920,3493],{"class":61},[47,161922,9425],{"class":98},[47,161924,9428],{"class":98},[47,161926,3493],{"class":61},[47,161928,36144],{"class":65},[47,161930,3493],{"class":61},[47,161932,136],{"class":98},[47,161934,29120],{"class":80},[47,161936,136],{"class":98},[47,161938,3488],{"class":61},[47,161940,161834],{"class":65},[47,161942,3493],{"class":61},[47,161944,9441],{"class":98},[33,161946,161948],{"id":161947},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161950,161951],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[38,161953,161955],{"className":40,"code":161954,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161956,161957,161989,162009,162013,162037],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,161958,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981,161983,161985,161987],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,161960,5192],{"class":53},[47,161962,58],{"class":57},[47,161964,3815],{"class":98},[47,161966,128],{"class":61},[47,161968,13075],{"class":65},[47,161970,128],{"class":61},[47,161972,136],{"class":98},[47,161974,62],{"class":61},[47,161976,36135],{"class":65},[47,161978,128],{"class":61},[47,161980,136],{"class":98},[47,161982,62],{"class":61},[47,161984,36144],{"class":65},[47,161986,128],{"class":61},[47,161988,3828],{"class":98},[47,161990,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,161992,5261],{"class":53},[47,161994,58],{"class":57},[47,161996,3815],{"class":98},[47,161998,13696],{"class":80},[47,162000,136],{"class":98},[47,162002,13701],{"class":80},[47,162004,136],{"class":98},[47,162006,29120],{"class":80},[47,162008,3828],{"class":98},[47,162010,162011],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162012,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162014,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,162016,1462],{"class":1461},[47,162018,139],{"class":53},[47,162020,136],{"class":98},[47,162022,5302],{"class":53},[47,162024,1468],{"class":1461},[47,162026,161495],{"class":94},[47,162028,99],{"class":98},[47,162030,5236],{"class":102},[47,162032,136],{"class":98},[47,162034,5307],{"class":102},[47,162036,1483],{"class":98},[47,162038,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162040,1499],{"class":94},[47,162042,99],{"class":98},[47,162044,22491],{"class":2266},[47,162046,128],{"class":65},[47,162048,9470],{"class":80},[47,162050,103],{"class":102},[47,162052,22500],{"class":80},[47,162054,162055],{"class":65}," scored ",[47,162057,9470],{"class":80},[47,162059,548],{"class":102},[47,162061,22500],{"class":80},[47,162063,128],{"class":65},[47,162065,106],{"class":98},[20,162067,144],{},[38,162069,162071],{"className":40,"code":162070,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162072,162073,162080,162087],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162074,162075,162078],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162076,162077],{"class":53},"Ana scored ",[47,162079,33333],{"class":80},[47,162081,162082,162085],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162083,162084],{"class":53},"Ben scored ",[47,162086,33338],{"class":80},[47,162088,162089,162092],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162090,162091],{"class":53},"Cara scored ",[47,162093,33343],{"class":80},[20,162095,45121],{},[187,162097,162098,162107,162110],{},[190,162099,162100,162103,162104],{},[15,162101,162102],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162105,162106],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[190,162108,162109],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[190,162111,162112,839,162114,162116],{},[15,162113,103],{},[15,162115,548],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162118,162119,162120,445],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[594,162121,69798],{"href":69797},[33,162123,162125],{"id":162124},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162127,162128,162130],{},[15,162129,64505],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162132,162133],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[38,162135,162137],{"className":40,"code":162136,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162138,162139,162180,162196,162200,162224],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162140,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162176,162178],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162142,5192],{"class":53},[47,162144,58],{"class":57},[47,162146,3815],{"class":98},[47,162148,128],{"class":61},[47,162150,13075],{"class":65},[47,162152,128],{"class":61},[47,162154,136],{"class":98},[47,162156,62],{"class":61},[47,162158,36135],{"class":65},[47,162160,128],{"class":61},[47,162162,136],{"class":98},[47,162164,62],{"class":61},[47,162166,36144],{"class":65},[47,162168,128],{"class":61},[47,162170,136],{"class":98},[47,162172,62],{"class":61},[47,162174,162175],{"class":65},"Dan",[47,162177,128],{"class":61},[47,162179,3828],{"class":98},[47,162181,162182,162184,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162183,5261],{"class":53},[47,162185,58],{"class":57},[47,162187,3815],{"class":98},[47,162189,13696],{"class":80},[47,162191,136],{"class":98},[47,162193,13701],{"class":80},[47,162195,3828],{"class":98},[47,162197,162198],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162199,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162201,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,162203,1462],{"class":1461},[47,162205,139],{"class":53},[47,162207,136],{"class":98},[47,162209,5302],{"class":53},[47,162211,1468],{"class":1461},[47,162213,161495],{"class":94},[47,162215,99],{"class":98},[47,162217,5236],{"class":102},[47,162219,136],{"class":98},[47,162221,5307],{"class":102},[47,162223,1483],{"class":98},[47,162225,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162227,1499],{"class":94},[47,162229,99],{"class":98},[47,162231,103],{"class":102},[47,162233,136],{"class":98},[47,162235,130783],{"class":102},[47,162237,106],{"class":98},[20,162239,144],{},[38,162241,162243],{"className":40,"code":162242,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162244,162245,162251],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162246,162247,162249],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162248,133802],{"class":53},[47,162250,33333],{"class":80},[47,162252,162253,162255],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162254,161537],{"class":53},[47,162256,33338],{"class":80},[20,162258,2484,162259,839,162262,162265],{},[15,162260,162261],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162263,162264],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162267,162268],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[38,162270,162272],{"className":40,"code":162271,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162273,162274,162314,162330,162334],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162275,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162277,5192],{"class":53},[47,162279,58],{"class":57},[47,162281,3815],{"class":98},[47,162283,128],{"class":61},[47,162285,13075],{"class":65},[47,162287,128],{"class":61},[47,162289,136],{"class":98},[47,162291,62],{"class":61},[47,162293,36135],{"class":65},[47,162295,128],{"class":61},[47,162297,136],{"class":98},[47,162299,62],{"class":61},[47,162301,36144],{"class":65},[47,162303,128],{"class":61},[47,162305,136],{"class":98},[47,162307,62],{"class":61},[47,162309,162175],{"class":65},[47,162311,128],{"class":61},[47,162313,3828],{"class":98},[47,162315,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162317,5261],{"class":53},[47,162319,58],{"class":57},[47,162321,3815],{"class":98},[47,162323,13696],{"class":80},[47,162325,136],{"class":98},[47,162327,13701],{"class":80},[47,162329,3828],{"class":98},[47,162331,162332],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162333,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162335,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,162337,95],{"class":94},[47,162339,99],{"class":98},[47,162341,11355],{"class":94},[47,162343,99],{"class":98},[47,162345,5236],{"class":102},[47,162347,9425],{"class":98},[47,162349,38578],{"class":94},[47,162351,99],{"class":98},[47,162353,16584],{"class":102},[47,162355,1796],{"class":98},[20,162357,144],{},[38,162359,162361],{"className":40,"code":162360,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"4 2\n",[15,162362,162363],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162364,162365,162367],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162366,2700],{"class":80},[47,162368,45778],{"class":80},[20,162370,162371,162372,445],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162373,64505],{},[33,162375,92031,162377,162379],{"id":162376},"converting-zip-output",[15,162378,64505],{}," output",[20,162381,2012,162382,162384],{},[15,162383,64505],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[447,162386,167,162388],{"id":162387},"use-listzip",[15,162389,162390],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162392,162393],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[38,162395,162397],{"className":40,"code":162396,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162398,162399,162431,162451,162455,162477],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162400,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162402,5192],{"class":53},[47,162404,58],{"class":57},[47,162406,3815],{"class":98},[47,162408,128],{"class":61},[47,162410,13075],{"class":65},[47,162412,128],{"class":61},[47,162414,136],{"class":98},[47,162416,62],{"class":61},[47,162418,36135],{"class":65},[47,162420,128],{"class":61},[47,162422,136],{"class":98},[47,162424,62],{"class":61},[47,162426,36144],{"class":65},[47,162428,128],{"class":61},[47,162430,3828],{"class":98},[47,162432,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162434,5261],{"class":53},[47,162436,58],{"class":57},[47,162438,3815],{"class":98},[47,162440,13696],{"class":80},[47,162442,136],{"class":98},[47,162444,13701],{"class":80},[47,162446,136],{"class":98},[47,162448,29120],{"class":80},[47,162450,3828],{"class":98},[47,162452,162453],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162454,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162456,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,162458,9407],{"class":53},[47,162460,58],{"class":57},[47,162462,22757],{"class":1788},[47,162464,99],{"class":98},[47,162466,64575],{"class":94},[47,162468,99],{"class":98},[47,162470,5236],{"class":102},[47,162472,136],{"class":98},[47,162474,5307],{"class":102},[47,162476,1796],{"class":98},[47,162478,162479,162481,162483,162485],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162480,95],{"class":94},[47,162482,99],{"class":98},[47,162484,9454],{"class":102},[47,162486,106],{"class":98},[20,162488,144],{},[38,162490,162492],{"className":40,"code":162491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162493,162494],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162495,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162497,21937],{"class":98},[47,162499,3493],{"class":61},[47,162501,13075],{"class":65},[47,162503,3493],{"class":61},[47,162505,136],{"class":98},[47,162507,20095],{"class":80},[47,162509,9425],{"class":98},[47,162511,9428],{"class":98},[47,162513,3493],{"class":61},[47,162515,36135],{"class":65},[47,162517,3493],{"class":61},[47,162519,136],{"class":98},[47,162521,13701],{"class":80},[47,162523,9425],{"class":98},[47,162525,9428],{"class":98},[47,162527,3493],{"class":61},[47,162529,36144],{"class":65},[47,162531,3493],{"class":61},[47,162533,136],{"class":98},[47,162535,29120],{"class":80},[47,162537,9441],{"class":98},[447,162539,167,162541],{"id":162540},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162542,162543],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162545,162546],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[38,162548,162550],{"className":40,"code":162549,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162551,162552,162584,162612,162616,162638],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162553,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162555,17438],{"class":53},[47,162557,58],{"class":57},[47,162559,3815],{"class":98},[47,162561,128],{"class":61},[47,162563,103],{"class":65},[47,162565,128],{"class":61},[47,162567,136],{"class":98},[47,162569,62],{"class":61},[47,162571,116],{"class":65},[47,162573,128],{"class":61},[47,162575,136],{"class":98},[47,162577,62],{"class":61},[47,162579,10601],{"class":65},[47,162581,128],{"class":61},[47,162583,3828],{"class":98},[47,162585,162586,162588,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162587,4015],{"class":53},[47,162589,58],{"class":57},[47,162591,3815],{"class":98},[47,162593,128],{"class":61},[47,162595,13075],{"class":65},[47,162597,128],{"class":61},[47,162599,136],{"class":98},[47,162601,9497],{"class":80},[47,162603,136],{"class":98},[47,162605,62],{"class":61},[47,162607,16226],{"class":65},[47,162609,128],{"class":61},[47,162611,3828],{"class":98},[47,162613,162614],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162615,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162617,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,162619,13398],{"class":53},[47,162621,58],{"class":57},[47,162623,9364],{"class":1788},[47,162625,99],{"class":98},[47,162627,64575],{"class":94},[47,162629,99],{"class":98},[47,162631,17119],{"class":102},[47,162633,136],{"class":98},[47,162635,4077],{"class":102},[47,162637,1796],{"class":98},[47,162639,162640,162642,162644,162646],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162641,95],{"class":94},[47,162643,99],{"class":98},[47,162645,17503],{"class":102},[47,162647,106],{"class":98},[20,162649,144],{},[38,162651,162653],{"className":40,"code":162652,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162654,162655],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162656,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162658,9470],{"class":98},[47,162660,3493],{"class":61},[47,162662,103],{"class":65},[47,162664,3493],{"class":61},[47,162666,420],{"class":98},[47,162668,3488],{"class":61},[47,162670,13075],{"class":65},[47,162672,3493],{"class":61},[47,162674,136],{"class":98},[47,162676,3488],{"class":61},[47,162678,116],{"class":65},[47,162680,3493],{"class":61},[47,162682,420],{"class":98},[47,162684,9497],{"class":80},[47,162686,136],{"class":98},[47,162688,3488],{"class":61},[47,162690,10601],{"class":65},[47,162692,3493],{"class":61},[47,162694,420],{"class":98},[47,162696,3488],{"class":61},[47,162698,16226],{"class":65},[47,162700,3493],{"class":61},[47,162702,9500],{"class":98},[20,162704,162705,162706,445],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[594,162707,31285],{"href":31284},[447,162709,162711],{"id":162710},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162713,162714],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[38,162716,162718],{"className":40,"code":162717,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162719,162720,162744,162760,162764,162782,162786,162800],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162721,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162723,5192],{"class":53},[47,162725,58],{"class":57},[47,162727,3815],{"class":98},[47,162729,128],{"class":61},[47,162731,13075],{"class":65},[47,162733,128],{"class":61},[47,162735,136],{"class":98},[47,162737,62],{"class":61},[47,162739,36135],{"class":65},[47,162741,128],{"class":61},[47,162743,3828],{"class":98},[47,162745,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162747,5261],{"class":53},[47,162749,58],{"class":57},[47,162751,3815],{"class":98},[47,162753,13696],{"class":80},[47,162755,136],{"class":98},[47,162757,13701],{"class":80},[47,162759,3828],{"class":98},[47,162761,162762],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162763,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162765,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,162767,9407],{"class":53},[47,162769,58],{"class":57},[47,162771,161495],{"class":94},[47,162773,99],{"class":98},[47,162775,5236],{"class":102},[47,162777,136],{"class":98},[47,162779,5307],{"class":102},[47,162781,106],{"class":98},[47,162783,162784],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162785,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162787,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,162789,95],{"class":94},[47,162791,99],{"class":98},[47,162793,8288],{"class":1788},[47,162795,99],{"class":98},[47,162797,9454],{"class":102},[47,162799,1796],{"class":98},[47,162801,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,162803,95],{"class":94},[47,162805,99],{"class":98},[47,162807,8288],{"class":1788},[47,162809,99],{"class":98},[47,162811,9454],{"class":102},[47,162813,1796],{"class":98},[20,162815,144],{},[38,162817,162819],{"className":40,"code":162818,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162820,162821,162851],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162822,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162824,21937],{"class":98},[47,162826,3493],{"class":61},[47,162828,13075],{"class":65},[47,162830,3493],{"class":61},[47,162832,136],{"class":98},[47,162834,20095],{"class":80},[47,162836,9425],{"class":98},[47,162838,9428],{"class":98},[47,162840,3493],{"class":61},[47,162842,36135],{"class":65},[47,162844,3493],{"class":61},[47,162846,136],{"class":98},[47,162848,13701],{"class":80},[47,162850,9441],{"class":98},[47,162852,162853],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162854,38489],{"class":98},[20,162856,162857],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162859,162860,162861,445],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[594,162862,5333],{"href":5781},[33,162864,41236],{"id":41235},[20,162866,162867,162868,445],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162869,64505],{},[447,162871,162873],{"id":162872},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[38,162875,162877],{"className":40,"code":162876,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162878,162879,162911,162931,162935,162959],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162880,162881,162883,162885,162887,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162882,5192],{"class":53},[47,162884,58],{"class":57},[47,162886,3815],{"class":98},[47,162888,128],{"class":61},[47,162890,13075],{"class":65},[47,162892,128],{"class":61},[47,162894,136],{"class":98},[47,162896,62],{"class":61},[47,162898,36135],{"class":65},[47,162900,128],{"class":61},[47,162902,136],{"class":98},[47,162904,62],{"class":61},[47,162906,36144],{"class":65},[47,162908,128],{"class":61},[47,162910,3828],{"class":98},[47,162912,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,162914,5261],{"class":53},[47,162916,58],{"class":57},[47,162918,3815],{"class":98},[47,162920,13696],{"class":80},[47,162922,136],{"class":98},[47,162924,13701],{"class":80},[47,162926,136],{"class":98},[47,162928,29120],{"class":80},[47,162930,3828],{"class":98},[47,162932,162933],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,162934,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,162936,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,162938,1462],{"class":1461},[47,162940,139],{"class":53},[47,162942,136],{"class":98},[47,162944,5302],{"class":53},[47,162946,1468],{"class":1461},[47,162948,161495],{"class":94},[47,162950,99],{"class":98},[47,162952,5236],{"class":102},[47,162954,136],{"class":98},[47,162956,5307],{"class":102},[47,162958,1483],{"class":98},[47,162960,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,162962,1499],{"class":94},[47,162964,99],{"class":98},[47,162966,22491],{"class":2266},[47,162968,128],{"class":65},[47,162970,9470],{"class":80},[47,162972,103],{"class":102},[47,162974,22500],{"class":80},[47,162976,22503],{"class":65},[47,162978,9470],{"class":80},[47,162980,548],{"class":102},[47,162982,22500],{"class":80},[47,162984,128],{"class":65},[47,162986,106],{"class":98},[447,162988,162990],{"id":162989},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[38,162992,162994],{"className":40,"code":162993,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162995,162996,163028,163052,163056,163078],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,162997,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,162999,17438],{"class":53},[47,163001,58],{"class":57},[47,163003,3815],{"class":98},[47,163005,128],{"class":61},[47,163007,12844],{"class":65},[47,163009,128],{"class":61},[47,163011,136],{"class":98},[47,163013,62],{"class":61},[47,163015,103],{"class":65},[47,163017,128],{"class":61},[47,163019,136],{"class":98},[47,163021,62],{"class":61},[47,163023,16016],{"class":65},[47,163025,128],{"class":61},[47,163027,3828],{"class":98},[47,163029,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163031,4015],{"class":53},[47,163033,58],{"class":57},[47,163035,3815],{"class":98},[47,163037,46779],{"class":80},[47,163039,136],{"class":98},[47,163041,62],{"class":61},[47,163043,13075],{"class":65},[47,163045,128],{"class":61},[47,163047,136],{"class":98},[47,163049,4108],{"class":1334},[47,163051,3828],{"class":98},[47,163053,163054],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163055,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,163057,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,163059,9359],{"class":53},[47,163061,58],{"class":57},[47,163063,9364],{"class":1788},[47,163065,99],{"class":98},[47,163067,64575],{"class":94},[47,163069,99],{"class":98},[47,163071,17119],{"class":102},[47,163073,136],{"class":98},[47,163075,4077],{"class":102},[47,163077,1796],{"class":98},[47,163079,163080,163082,163084,163086],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163081,95],{"class":94},[47,163083,99],{"class":98},[47,163085,9396],{"class":102},[47,163087,106],{"class":98},[447,163089,163091],{"id":163090},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[38,163093,163095],{"className":40,"code":163094,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163096,163097,163117,163137,163141,163166],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163098,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113,163115],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163100,80841],{"class":53},[47,163102,58],{"class":57},[47,163104,3815],{"class":98},[47,163106,582],{"class":80},[47,163108,136],{"class":98},[47,163110,7986],{"class":80},[47,163112,136],{"class":98},[47,163114,7991],{"class":80},[47,163116,3828],{"class":98},[47,163118,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163120,80862],{"class":53},[47,163122,58],{"class":57},[47,163124,3815],{"class":98},[47,163126,582],{"class":80},[47,163128,136],{"class":98},[47,163130,9497],{"class":80},[47,163132,136],{"class":98},[47,163134,7991],{"class":80},[47,163136,3828],{"class":98},[47,163138,163139],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163140,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,163142,163143,163145,163147,163149,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,163144,1462],{"class":1461},[47,163146,57072],{"class":53},[47,163148,136],{"class":98},[47,163150,163151],{"class":53}," b ",[47,163153,1468],{"class":1461},[47,163155,161495],{"class":94},[47,163157,99],{"class":98},[47,163159,111670],{"class":102},[47,163161,136],{"class":98},[47,163163,80905],{"class":102},[47,163165,1483],{"class":98},[47,163167,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163169,1499],{"class":94},[47,163171,99],{"class":98},[47,163173,2750],{"class":102},[47,163175,4884],{"class":57},[47,163177,2755],{"class":102},[47,163179,106],{"class":98},[20,163181,144],{},[38,163183,163185],{"className":40,"code":163184,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163186,163187,163191,163195],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163188,163189],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163190,4172],{"class":1334},[47,163192,163193],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163194,4233],{"class":1334},[47,163196,163197],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163198,4172],{"class":1334},[447,163200,163202],{"id":163201},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[38,163204,163206],{"className":40,"code":163205,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163207,163208,163243,163266,163270,163297],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163209,163210,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163230,163232,163234,163236,163239,163241],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163211,163212],{"class":53},"products ",[47,163214,58],{"class":57},[47,163216,3815],{"class":98},[47,163218,128],{"class":61},[47,163220,25339],{"class":65},[47,163222,128],{"class":61},[47,163224,136],{"class":98},[47,163226,62],{"class":61},[47,163228,163229],{"class":65},"Pen",[47,163231,128],{"class":61},[47,163233,136],{"class":98},[47,163235,62],{"class":61},[47,163237,163238],{"class":65},"Bag",[47,163240,128],{"class":61},[47,163242,3828],{"class":98},[47,163244,163245,163247,163249,163251,163254,163256,163259,163261,163264],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163246,83230],{"class":53},[47,163248,58],{"class":57},[47,163250,3815],{"class":98},[47,163252,163253],{"class":80},"12.5",[47,163255,136],{"class":98},[47,163257,163258],{"class":80}," 1.2",[47,163260,136],{"class":98},[47,163262,163263],{"class":80}," 25.0",[47,163265,3828],{"class":98},[47,163267,163268],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163269,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,163271,163272,163274,163276,163278,163281,163283,163285,163287,163290,163292,163295],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,163273,1462],{"class":1461},[47,163275,25400],{"class":53},[47,163277,136],{"class":98},[47,163279,163280],{"class":53}," price ",[47,163282,1468],{"class":1461},[47,163284,161495],{"class":94},[47,163286,99],{"class":98},[47,163288,163289],{"class":102},"products",[47,163291,136],{"class":98},[47,163293,163294],{"class":102}," prices",[47,163296,1483],{"class":98},[47,163298,163299,163301,163303,163305,163307,163309,163311,163313,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163300,1499],{"class":94},[47,163302,99],{"class":98},[47,163304,22491],{"class":2266},[47,163306,128],{"class":65},[47,163308,9470],{"class":80},[47,163310,27208],{"class":102},[47,163312,22500],{"class":80},[47,163314,163315],{"class":65}," costs $",[47,163317,9470],{"class":80},[47,163319,25348],{"class":102},[47,163321,22500],{"class":80},[47,163323,128],{"class":65},[47,163325,106],{"class":98},[20,163327,36796,163328,445],{},[594,163329,163331],{"href":163330},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[33,163333,163335,163336],{"id":163334},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163337,64505],{},[447,163339,1807,163341,163343],{"id":163340},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163342,64505],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163345,163346,163348],{},[15,163347,64505],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163350,163351],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[38,163353,163355],{"className":40,"code":163354,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163356,163357],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163358,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163360,95],{"class":94},[47,163362,99],{"class":98},[47,163364,11355],{"class":94},[47,163366,99],{"class":98},[47,163368,111670],{"class":102},[47,163370,9425],{"class":98},[47,163372,38578],{"class":94},[47,163374,99],{"class":98},[47,163376,81128],{"class":102},[47,163378,1796],{"class":98},[447,163380,163382],{"id":163381},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163384,69021],{},[38,163386,163388],{"className":40,"code":163387,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163389,163390,163426,163430,163443,163453,163457,163469],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163391,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163393,9407],{"class":53},[47,163395,58],{"class":57},[47,163397,161495],{"class":94},[47,163399,3178],{"class":98},[47,163401,1476],{"class":80},[47,163403,136],{"class":98},[47,163405,1562],{"class":80},[47,163407,18258],{"class":98},[47,163409,3815],{"class":98},[47,163411,128],{"class":61},[47,163413,594],{"class":65},[47,163415,128],{"class":61},[47,163417,136],{"class":98},[47,163419,62],{"class":61},[47,163421,4957],{"class":65},[47,163423,128],{"class":61},[47,163425,4080],{"class":98},[47,163427,163428],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163429,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,163431,163432,163434,163436,163438,163441],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163433,1462],{"class":1461},[47,163435,6155],{"class":53},[47,163437,1468],{"class":1461},[47,163439,163440],{"class":53}," pairs",[47,163442,6586],{"class":98},[47,163444,163445,163447,163449,163451],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,163446,1499],{"class":94},[47,163448,99],{"class":98},[47,163450,23508],{"class":102},[47,163452,106],{"class":98},[47,163454,163455],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163456,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,163458,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467],{"class":49,"line":121},[47,163460,1462],{"class":1461},[47,163462,6155],{"class":53},[47,163464,1468],{"class":1461},[47,163466,163440],{"class":53},[47,163468,6586],{"class":98},[47,163470,163471,163473,163475,163477],{"class":49,"line":6608},[47,163472,1499],{"class":94},[47,163474,99],{"class":98},[47,163476,23508],{"class":102},[47,163478,106],{"class":98},[20,163480,163481],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[447,163483,163485],{"id":163484},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163487,163488],{},"This is correct:",[38,163490,163492],{"className":40,"code":163491,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163493,163494,163518,163534,163538,163562],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163495,163496,163498,163500,163502,163504,163506,163508,163510,163512,163514,163516],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163497,5192],{"class":53},[47,163499,58],{"class":57},[47,163501,3815],{"class":98},[47,163503,128],{"class":61},[47,163505,13075],{"class":65},[47,163507,128],{"class":61},[47,163509,136],{"class":98},[47,163511,62],{"class":61},[47,163513,36135],{"class":65},[47,163515,128],{"class":61},[47,163517,3828],{"class":98},[47,163519,163520,163522,163524,163526,163528,163530,163532],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163521,5261],{"class":53},[47,163523,58],{"class":57},[47,163525,3815],{"class":98},[47,163527,13696],{"class":80},[47,163529,136],{"class":98},[47,163531,13701],{"class":80},[47,163533,3828],{"class":98},[47,163535,163536],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163537,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,163539,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554,163556,163558,163560],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,163541,1462],{"class":1461},[47,163543,139],{"class":53},[47,163545,136],{"class":98},[47,163547,5302],{"class":53},[47,163549,1468],{"class":1461},[47,163551,161495],{"class":94},[47,163553,99],{"class":98},[47,163555,5236],{"class":102},[47,163557,136],{"class":98},[47,163559,5307],{"class":102},[47,163561,1483],{"class":98},[47,163563,163564,163566,163568,163570,163572,163574],{"class":49,"line":109},[47,163565,1499],{"class":94},[47,163567,99],{"class":98},[47,163569,103],{"class":102},[47,163571,136],{"class":98},[47,163573,130783],{"class":102},[47,163575,106],{"class":98},[20,163577,163578],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[38,163580,163582],{"className":40,"code":163581,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163583,163584,163604],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163585,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598,163600,163602],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163587,1462],{"class":1461},[47,163589,6155],{"class":53},[47,163591,1468],{"class":1461},[47,163593,161495],{"class":94},[47,163595,99],{"class":98},[47,163597,5236],{"class":102},[47,163599,136],{"class":98},[47,163601,5307],{"class":102},[47,163603,1483],{"class":98},[47,163605,163606,163608,163610,163612],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163607,1499],{"class":94},[47,163609,99],{"class":98},[47,163611,23508],{"class":102},[47,163613,106],{"class":98},[20,163615,144],{},[38,163617,163619],{"className":40,"code":163618,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163620,163621,163637],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163622,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163624,99],{"class":98},[47,163626,3493],{"class":61},[47,163628,13075],{"class":65},[47,163630,3493],{"class":61},[47,163632,136],{"class":98},[47,163634,20095],{"class":80},[47,163636,106],{"class":98},[47,163638,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163640,99],{"class":98},[47,163642,3493],{"class":61},[47,163644,36135],{"class":65},[47,163646,3493],{"class":61},[47,163648,136],{"class":98},[47,163650,13701],{"class":80},[47,163652,106],{"class":98},[20,163654,163655],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[447,163657,1654,163659,163661,163662],{"id":163658},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163660,64505],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163663,35944],{},[20,163665,167,163666,163668],{},[15,163667,64505],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163670,167,163671,163673],{},[15,163672,35944],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[38,163675,163676],{"className":40,"code":36112,"language":42,"meta":43,"style":43},[15,163677,163678,163710,163714,163734],{"__ignoreMap":43},[47,163679,163680,163682,163684,163686,163688,163690,163692,163694,163696,163698,163700,163702,163704,163706,163708],{"class":49,"line":50},[47,163681,5192],{"class":53},[47,163683,58],{"class":57},[47,163685,3815],{"class":98},[47,163687,128],{"class":61},[47,163689,13075],{"class":65},[47,163691,128],{"class":61},[47,163693,136],{"class":98},[47,163695,62],{"class":61},[47,163697,36135],{"class":65},[47,163699,128],{"class":61},[47,163701,136],{"class":98},[47,163703,62],{"class":61},[47,163705,36144],{"class":65},[47,163707,128],{"class":61},[47,163709,3828],{"class":98},[47,163711,163712],{"class":49,"line":72},[47,163713,88],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":87},[47,163715,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728,163730,163732],{"class":49,"line":84},[47,163717,1462],{"class":1461},[47,163719,36016],{"class":53},[47,163721,136],{"class":98},[47,163723,36163],{"class":53},[47,163725,1468],{"class":1461},[47,163727,36026],{"class":94},[47,163729,99],{"class":98},[47,163731,5236],{"class":102},[47,163733,1483],{"class":98},[47,163735,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746],{"class":49,"line":91},[47,163737,1499],{"class":94},[47,163739,99],{"class":98},[47,163741,36041],{"class":102},[47,163743,136],{"class":98},[47,163745,139],{"class":102},[47,163747,106],{"class":98},[20,163749,163750,163751,445],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[594,163752,13,163753,2088],{"href":91943},[15,163754,35944],{},[33,163756,1969],{"id":1968},[447,163758,5339,163760,5342],{"id":163759},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163761,64505],{},[20,163763,163764],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[447,163766,1973,163768,163770],{"id":163767},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163769,64505],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163772,163773],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[447,163775,163777,163778,2009],{"id":163776},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163779,64505],{},[20,163781,163782,163783,445],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163784,162390],{},[447,163786,163788,163789,2009],{"id":163787},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163790,64505],{},[20,163792,128148,163793,163795],{},[15,163794,162543],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[447,163797,163799],{"id":163798},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163801,163802],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[33,163804,2075],{"id":2074},[187,163806,163807,163812,163818,163822,163826],{},[190,163808,163809],{},[594,163810,163811],{"href":163330},"How to use zip in Python",[190,163813,163814],{},[594,163815,13,163816,2088],{"href":91943},[15,163817,35944],{},[190,163819,163820],{},[594,163821,5410],{"href":5781},[190,163823,163824],{},[594,163825,69874],{"href":69797},[190,163827,163828],{},[594,163829,32458],{"href":31284},[2110,163831,163832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":72,"depth":72,"links":163834},[163835,163836,163838,163839,163840,163841,163849,163855,163864,163875],{"id":35,"depth":72,"text":36},{"id":161554,"depth":72,"text":163837},"What zip() does",{"id":289,"depth":72,"text":290},{"id":161947,"depth":72,"text":161948},{"id":162124,"depth":72,"text":162125},{"id":162376,"depth":72,"text":163842,"children":163843},"Converting zip() output",[163844,163846,163848],{"id":162387,"depth":84,"text":163845},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162540,"depth":84,"text":163847},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162710,"depth":84,"text":162711},{"id":41235,"depth":72,"text":41236,"children":163850},[163851,163852,163853,163854],{"id":162872,"depth":84,"text":162873},{"id":162989,"depth":84,"text":162990},{"id":163090,"depth":84,"text":163091},{"id":163201,"depth":84,"text":163202},{"id":163334,"depth":72,"text":163856,"children":163857},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163858,163860,163861,163862],{"id":163340,"depth":84,"text":163859},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163381,"depth":84,"text":163382},{"id":163484,"depth":84,"text":163485},{"id":163658,"depth":84,"text":163863},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1968,"depth":72,"text":1969,"children":163865},[163866,163868,163870,163872,163874],{"id":163759,"depth":84,"text":163867},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163767,"depth":84,"text":163869},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163776,"depth":84,"text":163871},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163787,"depth":84,"text":163873},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163798,"depth":84,"text":163799},{"id":2074,"depth":72,"text":2075},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161396,"description":163876},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944925738]